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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Lumberjack" title="Opération Lumberjack – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Opération Lumberjack" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%A2_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%98%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מבצע חוטב עצים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מבצע חוטב עצים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatie_Lumberjack" title="Operatie Lumberjack – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Operatie Lumberjack" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89" title="ปฏิบัติการช่างตัดไม้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปฏิบัติการช่างตัดไม้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1342285#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Operation_Lumberjack&params=50_34_45_N_7_14_39_E_region:DE-RP_type:event_scale:50000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°34′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°14′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.57917°N 7.24417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.57917; 7.24417</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">WWII allied military operation in Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Lumberjack</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western Allied invasion of Germany</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">European theatre</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CROSS_THE_RHINE_WITH_DRY_FEET_COURTESY_OF_9TH_ARM%27D_DIV-LUDENDORFF_BRIDGE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/CROSS_THE_RHINE_WITH_DRY_FEET_COURTESY_OF_9TH_ARM%27D_DIV-LUDENDORFF_BRIDGE.jpg/250px-CROSS_THE_RHINE_WITH_DRY_FEET_COURTESY_OF_9TH_ARM%27D_DIV-LUDENDORFF_BRIDGE.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/CROSS_THE_RHINE_WITH_DRY_FEET_COURTESY_OF_9TH_ARM%27D_DIV-LUDENDORFF_BRIDGE.jpg/375px-CROSS_THE_RHINE_WITH_DRY_FEET_COURTESY_OF_9TH_ARM%27D_DIV-LUDENDORFF_BRIDGE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/CROSS_THE_RHINE_WITH_DRY_FEET_COURTESY_OF_9TH_ARM%27D_DIV-LUDENDORFF_BRIDGE.jpg/500px-CROSS_THE_RHINE_WITH_DRY_FEET_COURTESY_OF_9TH_ARM%27D_DIV-LUDENDORFF_BRIDGE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="783" /></a></span><br />American forces cross the <a href="/wiki/Ludendorff_Bridge" title="Ludendorff Bridge">Ludendorff Bridge</a> at Remagen.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1–25 March 1945</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Remagen" title="Remagen">Remagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>, Germany</div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Operation_Lumberjack&params=50_34_45_N_7_14_39_E_region:DE-RP_type:event_scale:50000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°34′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°14′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.57917°N 7.24417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.57917; 7.24417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Allied victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Courtney_Hodges" title="Courtney Hodges">Courtney Hodges</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Model" title="Walter Model">Walter Model</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/First_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="First United States Army">1st Army</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/15th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="15th Army (Wehrmacht)">15th Army</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/5th_Panzer_Army" title="5th Panzer Army">5th Panzer Army</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Volkssturm" title="Volkssturm">Volkssturm</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/7th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="7th Army (Wehrmacht)">7th Army</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p>7,400 </p> <ul><li>1,700 killed<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 5,700+ killed & wounded<br />19,000 captured<sup id="cite_ref-zabecki_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zabecki-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-harding_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harding-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Total</b>:<br />24,700 casualties</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Operation_Blackcock" title="Operation Blackcock">Blackcock</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland_Offensive" title="Rhineland Offensive">Rhineland</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Veritable" title="Operation Veritable">Veritable</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grenade" title="Operation Grenade">Grenade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blockbuster" title="Operation Blockbuster">Blockbuster</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Plunder" title="Operation Plunder">Plunder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flashpoint_(March_1945)" title="Operation Flashpoint (March 1945)">Flashpoint</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Varsity" title="Operation Varsity">Varsity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Archway" title="Operation Archway">Archway</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lumberjack</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Remagen" title="Battle of Remagen">Remagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cologne_(1945)" title="Battle of Cologne (1945)">Cologne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gisela" title="Operation Gisela"><i>Gisela</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Undertone" title="Operation Undertone">Undertone</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aschaffenburg_(1945)" title="Battle of Aschaffenburg (1945)">Aschaffenburg</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_Baum" title="Task Force Baum">TF Baum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frankfurt" title="Battle of Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhr_pocket" title="Ruhr pocket">Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paderborn_(1945)" title="Battle of Paderborn (1945)">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_W%C3%BCrzburg_(1945)" title="Battle of Würzburg (1945)">Würzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kassel_(1945)" title="Battle of Kassel (1945)">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heilbronn_(1945)" title="Battle of Heilbronn (1945)">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Howard" title="Operation Howard">Howard</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dortmund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dortmund (page does not exist)">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razing_of_Friesoythe" title="Razing of Friesoythe">Friesoythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nuremberg_(1945)" title="Battle of Nuremberg (1945)">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippach_massacre" title="Lippach massacre">Lippach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Düsseldorf (page does not exist)">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Stuttgart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Stuttgart (page does not exist)">Stuttgart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Hamburg" title="Capture of Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castle_Itter" title="Battle of Castle Itter">Itter Castle</a></li></ul> <p><b>Logistics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_logistics_in_the_Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="American logistics in the Western Allied invasion of Germany">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_logistics_in_the_Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="British logistics in the Western Allied invasion of Germany">British</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Operation Lumberjack</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">military operation</a> with the goal of capturing the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine River">Rhine River</a> and seizing key German cities, near the <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">end of World War II in Europe</a>. The <a href="/wiki/First_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="First United States Army">First United States Army</a> launched the operation in March 1945 to capture strategic cities in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and to give the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> a foothold along the Rhine. </p><p>One unexpected outcome was the capture of the <a href="/wiki/Ludendorff_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludendorff bridge">Ludendorff bridge</a>, a strategic railroad bridge across the Rhine, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Remagen" title="Battle of Remagen">Battle of Remagen</a>. Despite German attempts to destroy the bridge, Allied forces captured it intact and were able to use it along with pontoon and treadway bridges to establish a <a href="/wiki/Bridgehead" title="Bridgehead">bridgehead</a>. The bridge finally collapsed at 3:00 PM on 17 March 1945 after ten days of aircraft bombing, direct artillery hits, near misses, and demolition attempts. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Germans had repeatedly frustrated Allied efforts to cross the Rhine. With the <a href="/wiki/21st_Army_Group" title="21st Army Group">21st Army Group</a> firmly established along the Rhine, U.S. <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army_(United_States)" title="General of the Army (United States)">General of the Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_United_States_Army_Group" title="Twelfth United States Army Group">12th Army Group</a> prepared to execute Operation Lumberjack. Bradley's plan called for the U.S. First Army to attack southeastward toward the juncture of the <a href="/wiki/Ahr" title="Ahr">Ahr</a> and Rhine Rivers and then swing south to meet <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George Patton</a>, whose U. S. Third Army would simultaneously drive northeastward through the <a href="/wiki/Eifel" title="Eifel">Eifel</a>. If successful, Lumberjack would capture Cologne, secure the <a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a> sector, and bring the 12th Army Group to the Rhine in the entire area north of the <a href="/wiki/Moselle_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Moselle River">Moselle River</a>. The 12th Army Group also hoped to capture a large number of Germans. </p><p>Following Lumberjack, the Allies had planned for a pause along the Rhine while Montgomery's 21st Army Group began <a href="/wiki/Operation_Plunder" title="Operation Plunder">Operation Plunder</a>, a large, carefully planned movement across the Rhine near Düsseldorf and the Dutch border. Montgomery would then capture the Ruhr, the industrial heartland of Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-zabecki_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zabecki-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_forces">Allied forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Allied forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Lumberjack_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Operation_Lumberjack_map.jpg/300px-Operation_Lumberjack_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="501" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Operation_Lumberjack_map.jpg/450px-Operation_Lumberjack_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Operation_Lumberjack_map.jpg/600px-Operation_Lumberjack_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2507" /></a><figcaption>Operation Lumberjack, 1–7 March 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>During the operation, the U.S. First Army controlled </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/III_Corps_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="III Corps (United States)">III Corps</a> (Major General <a href="/wiki/John_Millikin" title="John Millikin">John Millikin</a>), <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="9th Armored Division (United States)">9th Armored Division</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Infantry Division (United States)">1st Infantry Division</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="9th Infantry Division (United States)">9th Infantry Division</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/78th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="78th Infantry Division (United States)">78th Infantry Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V Corps</a> (Major General <a href="/wiki/Clarence_R._Huebner" title="Clarence R. Huebner">Clarence R. Huebner</a>), <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd Infantry Division</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="28th Infantry Division (United States)">28th Infantry Division</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/69th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="69th Infantry Division (United States)">69th Infantry Division</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/106th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="106th Infantry Division (United States)">106th Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="7th Armored Division (United States)">7th Armored Division</a> (not committed to the operation and transferred to the III Corps by March 7).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VII_Corps_(United_States)" title="VII Corps (United States)">VII Corps</a> (Major General <a href="/wiki/J._Lawton_Collins" title="J. Lawton Collins">J. Lawton Collins</a>), <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="3rd Armored Division (United States)">3rd Armored Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="8th Infantry Division (United States)">8th Infantry Division</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/99th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="99th Infantry Division (United States)">99th Infantry Division</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/104th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="104th Infantry Division (United States)">104th Infantry Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>During Operation Lumberjack, the U.S. Army's 9th Armored Division was tasked with mopping up elements of the German Army trapped on the west bank of the Rhine and to prevent a counterattack against the Ninth Army's flank. They were to secure the region between Mosel and the Duren-Cologne and to destroy the German army's capability to fight in that area. The First Army was to seize the entire region west of the Rhine. After capturing Cologne, the First Army was to wheel southeast and join up with Patton's Third Army. Patton was supposed to capture the Eifel Mountains and then the Mosel Valley, trapping the remainder of the German Seventh Army in the Eifel area.<sup id="cite_ref-zabecki_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zabecki-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_forces">German forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: German forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From north to south, the attacking U.S. forces were confronted by </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="15th Army (Wehrmacht)">German <i>Fifteenth Army</i></a> (General der Infanterie <a href="/wiki/Gustav-Adolf_von_Zangen" title="Gustav-Adolf von Zangen">Gustav-Adolf von Zangen</a>), <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LXXXI_Army_Corps_(Wehrmacht)" title="LXXXI Army Corps (Wehrmacht)">LXXXI Corps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_K%C3%B6chling" title="Friedrich Köchling">Friedrich Köchling</a>, from March 10 <a href="/wiki/Ernst-G%C3%BCnther_Baade" title="Ernst-Günther Baade">Ernst-Günther Baade</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_Panzer_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Panzer Division">9th Panzer Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Panzer_Division" title="11th Panzer Division">11th Panzer Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/363rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="363rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">363rd Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="59th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">59th Infantry Division</a></li> <li>Divisionsstab 476</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVIII_Panzer_Corps" title="LVIII Panzer Corps">LVIII Panzer Corps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walter_Kr%C3%BCger_(Wehrmacht_general)" title="Walter Krüger (Wehrmacht general)">Walter Krüger</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/353rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="353rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">353rd Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="12th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">12th Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Panzergrenadier_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Panzergrenadier Division">3rd Panzergrenadier Division</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Panzer_Army" title="5th Panzer Army">German <i>Fifth Panzer Army</i></a> (General der Panzertruppe <a href="/wiki/Hasso_von_Manteuffel" title="Hasso von Manteuffel">Hasso von Manteuffel</a>, from March 9 Generaloberst <a href="/wiki/Josef_Harpe" title="Josef Harpe">Josef Harpe</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LXXIV_Army_Corps_(Wehrmacht)" title="LXXIV Army Corps (Wehrmacht)">LXXIV Corps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carl_P%C3%BCchler" title="Carl Püchler">Carl Püchler</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/85th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="85th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">85th Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/272nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="272nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">272nd Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Parachute_Division_(Germany)" title="3rd Parachute Division (Germany)">3rd Airborne Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXVII_Army_Corps_(Wehrmacht)" title="LXVII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)">LXVII Corps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Otto_Hitzfeld" title="Otto Hitzfeld">Otto Hitzfeld</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/89th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="89th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">89th Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/277th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="277th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">277th Infantry Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXVI_Army_Corps_(Wehrmacht)" title="LXVI Army Corps (Wehrmacht)">LXVI Corps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walther_Lucht" title="Walther Lucht">Walther Lucht</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5th_Parachute_Division_(Germany)" title="5th Parachute Division (Germany)">5th Airborne Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tessin2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tessin2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Over 75,000 German troops were on the western banks of the bridge. Their only escape route was across the Ludendorff bridge. </p><p>Written permission was required to destroy the bridge because on 14–15 October 1944, an American bomb had struck the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim_Bridge,_Cologne" title="Mülheim Bridge, Cologne">Mulheim Bridge</a> in Cologne and hit the chamber containing the demolition charges, prematurely destroying the bridge. Hitler was angered by this incident and ordered those "responsible" for the destruction of the Mulheim Bridge to be court-martialed. He also ordered that demolition explosives should not be laid in place until the very last moment, when the Allies were within 5 miles (8.0 km) of the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-atkinson_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atkinson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 548">: 548 </span></sup> The bridges should only be demolished following an order in writing from the officer in charge, and only as a last resort and at the last possible moment.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This order left officers responsible for destroying bridges nervous about both the consequences if they blew up the bridge too soon and if they failed to blow it up at all.<sup id="cite_ref-mcmullen_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcmullen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-halloran_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halloran-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MHOnline_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MHOnline-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cologne_(1945)" title="Battle of Cologne (1945)">Battle of Cologne (1945)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koeln_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Koeln_1945.jpg/220px-Koeln_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Koeln_1945.jpg/330px-Koeln_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Koeln_1945.jpg/440px-Koeln_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2919" data-file-height="2092" /></a><figcaption>Cologne after it was captured by the Allies</figcaption></figure> <p>Bradley launched Lumberjack on 1 March. In the north, the First Army rapidly exploited bridgeheads over the Erft River, entering <a href="/wiki/Euskirchen" title="Euskirchen">Euskirchen</a> on 4 March and <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> on the fifth. Cologne was in U.S. Army control by the seventh. The First Army then pushed towards the <a href="/wiki/Ahr" title="Ahr">Ahr River</a> valley, the likely point of retreat for what was left of the German Army's LXVI and LXVII Korps.<sup id="cite_ref-zabecki_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zabecki-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. Third Army met some resistance along the <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line" title="Siegfried Line">Siegfried Line</a> and the Prüm and Kyll Rivers. On 4 March at Bitburg, the <a href="/wiki/5th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="5th Infantry Division (United States)">5th Infantry Division</a> cut through the German lines. Taking advantage of the breach, the Fourth Armored Division struck out on a 45 miles (72 km) drive to the Rhine in less than five days. While losing only 100 casualties, they cost the Germans 5,700 killed and wounded. The Fourth Armored barely missed the chance to capture a bridge at <a href="/wiki/Urmitz" title="Urmitz">Urmitz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-zabecki_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zabecki-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While moving towards the Ahr, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/9th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="9th Armored Division (United States)">9th Armored Division</a> on the right flank of the First Army had moved swiftly towards the Rhine. The closer the division got to the Rhine, the more quickly it advanced. The speed of their movement towards the Rhine surprised the Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-lonesentry_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lonesentry-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 20 kilometres (12 mi) upstream from Bonn, they unexpectedly found the <a href="/wiki/Ludendorff_Bridge" title="Ludendorff Bridge">Ludendorff railroad bridge</a> still standing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Remagen">Battle of Remagen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battle of Remagen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Remagen" title="Battle of Remagen">Battle of Remagen</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WWII,_Europe,_Germany,_%22U.S._First_Army_at_Remagen_Bridge_before_four_hours_before_it_collapsed_into_the_Rhine%22_-_NARA_-_195341.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/WWII%2C_Europe%2C_Germany%2C_%22U.S._First_Army_at_Remagen_Bridge_before_four_hours_before_it_collapsed_into_the_Rhine%22_-_NARA_-_195341.jpg/220px-WWII%2C_Europe%2C_Germany%2C_%22U.S._First_Army_at_Remagen_Bridge_before_four_hours_before_it_collapsed_into_the_Rhine%22_-_NARA_-_195341.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/WWII%2C_Europe%2C_Germany%2C_%22U.S._First_Army_at_Remagen_Bridge_before_four_hours_before_it_collapsed_into_the_Rhine%22_-_NARA_-_195341.jpg/330px-WWII%2C_Europe%2C_Germany%2C_%22U.S._First_Army_at_Remagen_Bridge_before_four_hours_before_it_collapsed_into_the_Rhine%22_-_NARA_-_195341.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/WWII%2C_Europe%2C_Germany%2C_%22U.S._First_Army_at_Remagen_Bridge_before_four_hours_before_it_collapsed_into_the_Rhine%22_-_NARA_-_195341.jpg/440px-WWII%2C_Europe%2C_Germany%2C_%22U.S._First_Army_at_Remagen_Bridge_before_four_hours_before_it_collapsed_into_the_Rhine%22_-_NARA_-_195341.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2426" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ludendorff_Bridge" title="Ludendorff Bridge">Ludendorff Bridge</a> (German: Ludendorffbrücke) four hours before it collapsed, ten days after it was captured by the Allies</figcaption></figure> <p>During Operation Lumberjack, on 7 March 1945, when troops of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a>'s <a href="/wiki/9th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="9th Armored Division (United States)">9th Armored Division</a> <a href="/wiki/Combat_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Command">Combat Command</a> B, <a href="/wiki/9th_Armored_Engineer_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Armored Engineer Battalion">9th Armored Engineer Battalion</a> reached the river, they were very surprised to see that the <a href="/wiki/Ludendorff_Bridge" title="Ludendorff Bridge">railroad bridge</a> was still standing.<sup id="cite_ref-remegen_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remegen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was one of the two damaged but usable bridges over the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> (the other being the <a href="/wiki/Wesel_Railway_Bridge" title="Wesel Railway Bridge">Wesel Railway Bridge</a>). U.S. forces were able to capture the bridge. The Rhine was the last natural line of defense that the Germans hoped could be used to substantially resist the Western Allied advance. Up to then, crossings had been limited to small infantry reconnaissance patrols by boat. </p><p>When word that the bridge was still standing reached General William Hoge, commander of Combat Command B, he ordered the 27th Armored Infantry Battalion to advance into Remagen with support from the 14th Tank Battalion. After German demolition charges failed to destroy the bridge, the U.S. troops <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Remagen" title="Battle of Remagen">captured the bridge</a> and in the next ten days 25,000 troops comprising six divisions established a wide beachhead on the eastern side of the Rhine.<sup id="cite_ref-remegen_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remegen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_on_war_plans">Impact on war plans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Impact on war plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The capture of the bridge convinced the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Expeditionary_Force" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force">Allied high command</a> in Western Europe that they could envelop the German industrial area of the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a> as opposed to focusing primarily on General <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery" title="Bernard Montgomery">Bernard Montgomery</a>'s plan, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Plunder" title="Operation Plunder">Operation Plunder</a>, which would bring the <a href="/wiki/British_21st_Army_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="British 21st Army Group">British 21st Army Group</a> across the Rhine into northern Germany. </p><p>The unexpected availability of the first major crossing of the Rhine, Germany's last major natural barrier and line of defense, caused <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Expeditionary_Force" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force">Allied high commander</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a> to alter his plans to end the war.<sup id="cite_ref-sarasota_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarasota-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eisenhower_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eisenhower-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. forces were able quickly to establish a <a href="/wiki/Bridgehead" title="Bridgehead">bridgehead</a> on the eastern side of the Rhine and to get forces into Germany. This allowed the U.S. forces to envelop the German industrial area of the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a>. The Allies were able to get six divisions across the Rhine before the <a href="/wiki/Ludendorff_Bridge" title="Ludendorff Bridge">Ludendorff Bridge</a> collapsed ten days after it was captured on 17 March. Twenty-five soldiers were killed or went missing and three died later from injuries; 63 others were injured.<sup id="cite_ref-Hechler_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hechler-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 201">: 201 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before it collapsed, five U.S. divisions had already used it and two adjacent tactical bridges to cross into Germany, creating a well-established bridgehead almost 40 kilometers (25 mi) long, extending from Bonn in the north almost to Koblenz in the south, and 10 to 15 kilometers (6.2 to 9.3 mi) deep. </p><p>The bridge was not rebuilt after the war. However, the bridge towers remain and in 1980 a peace museum was opened to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operation Lumberjack succeeded in clearing the Rhine north of Mosel of effective German forces. The Allies destroyed four corps of the German 15th and 7th Armies. The capture of the bridge at Remagen was an unexpected bonus that advanced the timetable for crossing the Rhine.<sup id="cite_ref-zabecki_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zabecki-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patton and Bradley were able to move up their scheduled crossings of the Rhine. </p><p>General <a href="/wiki/Albert_Kesselring" title="Albert Kesselring">Albert Kesselring</a> described the battle as the "Crime of Remagen. It broke the front along the Rhine." <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> said that the capture of the bridge "made a long defense impossible." Major General <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wagener" title="Carl Wagener">Carl Wagener</a>, chief of staff to Field Marshall Walter Model, said that capturing the bridge signaled the end of the war for the Germans: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Remagen affair caused a great stir in the German Supreme Command. Remagen should have been considered a basis for termination of the war. Remagen created a dangerous and unpleasant abscess within the last German defenses, and it provided an ideal springboard for the coming offensive east of the Rhine. The Remagen bridgehead made the other crossing of the Rhine a much easier task for the enemy. Furthermore, it tired German forces which should have been resting to withstand the next major assault.<sup id="cite_ref-congressionalrecord_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congressionalrecord-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The battle was depicted in the novel <i>The Bridge at Remagen</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Hechler" title="Ken Hechler">Ken Hechler</a>, which was later adapted into <a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_at_Remagen" title="The Bridge at Remagen">the film of the same name</a>. </p><p>The battle acts as the finale of the video game <a href="/wiki/Call_of_Duty:_WWII" title="Call of Duty: WWII">Call of Duty: WWII</a>, though the details in game are not historically accurate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Veritable" title="Operation Veritable">Operation Veritable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grenade" title="Operation Grenade">Operation Grenade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Undertone" title="Operation Undertone">Operation Undertone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remagen" title="Remagen">Remagen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThomas1991" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, text by Nigel (1991). <i>Foreign volunteers of the allied forces : 1939-45</i>. London: Osprey. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781855321366" title="Special:BookSources/9781855321366"><bdi>9781855321366</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+volunteers+of+the+allied+forces+%3A+1939-45&rft.place=London&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9781855321366&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=text+by+Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015, 4th Ed.” page 479</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zabecki-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zabecki_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zabecki_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zabecki_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zabecki_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zabecki_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zabecki_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZabecki1999" class="citation book cs1">Zabecki, David T. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gYDN-UfehEEC&pg=PA1644"><i>World War II in Europe : an encyclopedia</i></a>. New York: Garland Publications. p. 1644. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0824070298" title="Special:BookSources/978-0824070298"><bdi>978-0824070298</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+in+Europe+%3A+an+encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1644&rft.pub=Garland+Publications&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0824070298&rft.aulast=Zabecki&rft.aufirst=David+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgYDN-UfehEEC%26pg%3DPA1644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harding-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harding_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarding" class="citation web cs1">Harding, Andrew S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/articles/twogeneral.aspx">"Two General Apart: Patton and Eisenhower"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+General+Apart%3A+Patton+and+Eisenhower&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Andrew+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryhistoryonline.com%2Fwwii%2Farticles%2Ftwogeneral.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacDonald, Map VIII</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tessin2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tessin2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTessin1975" class="citation book cs1">Tessin, Georg (1975). <i>Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945</i>. Vol. 2. Osnabrück: Biblio-Verlag. p. 283. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3764810832" title="Special:BookSources/978-3764810832"><bdi>978-3764810832</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verb%C3%A4nde+und+Truppen+der+deutschen+Wehrmacht+und+Waffen-SS+im+Zweiten+Weltkrieg+1939-1945&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck&rft.pages=283&rft.pub=Biblio-Verlag&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-3764810832&rft.aulast=Tessin&rft.aufirst=Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atkinson-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atkinson_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson2014" class="citation book cs1">Atkinson, Rick (May 13, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mv2KAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA552"><i>Guns at Last Light: The War in Western Europe, 1944-1945</i></a>. Picador. p. 928. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1250037817" title="Special:BookSources/978-1250037817"><bdi>978-1250037817</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guns+at+Last+Light%3A+The+War+in+Western+Europe%2C+1944-1945&rft.pages=928&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2014-05-13&rft.isbn=978-1250037817&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmv2KAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBull2011" class="citation book cs1">Bull, Stephen (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WJrfZ2l4SJIC&pg=PT260"><i>D-day to Victory: With the Men and Machines that Won the War</i></a>. Long Island City, NY: Osprey Publishing. p. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1849088381" title="Special:BookSources/978-1849088381"><bdi>978-1849088381</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D-day+to+Victory%3A+With+the+Men+and+Machines+that+Won+the+War&rft.place=Long+Island+City%2C+NY&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1849088381&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWJrfZ2l4SJIC%26pg%3DPT260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcmullen-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mcmullen_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMullenRogers" class="citation web cs1">McMullen, Emerson Thomas; Rogers, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030228031634/http://www2.gasou.edu/facstaff/etmcmull/REMAGEN.htm">"George Rogers and the Bridge at Remagen"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.gasou.edu/facstaff/etmcmull/REMAGEN.htm">the original</a> on February 28, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+Rogers+and+the+Bridge+at+Remagen&rft.aulast=McMullen&rft.aufirst=Emerson+Thomas&rft.au=Rogers%2C+George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.gasou.edu%2Ffacstaff%2Fetmcmull%2FREMAGEN.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-halloran-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-halloran_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalloran" class="citation web cs1">Halloran, Michael J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102616/http://www.wood.army.mil/engrmag/PDFs%20for%20Jan-Apr%2009/Halloran.pdf">"The Bridge at Remagen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wood.army.mil/engrmag/PDFs%20for%20Jan-Apr%2009/Halloran.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bridge+at+Remagen&rft.aulast=Halloran&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wood.army.mil%2Fengrmag%2FPDFs%2520for%2520Jan-Apr%252009%2FHalloran.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MHOnline-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MHOnline_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParfitt,_Allen2007" class="citation web cs1">Parfitt, Allen (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/articles/apathacrosstherhine.aspx">"A Path Across the Rhine: The Ludendorff Bridge at Remagen, March 1945"</a>. <i>Military History Online</i>. Militaryhistoryonline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+History+Online&rft.atitle=A+Path+Across+the+Rhine%3A+The+Ludendorff+Bridge+at+Remagen%2C+March+1945&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Parfitt%2C+Allen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryhistoryonline.com%2Fwwii%2Farticles%2Fapathacrosstherhine.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lonesentry-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lonesentry_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonesentry.com/gi_stories_booklets/9tharmored/index.html">"The 9th: The Story of the 9th Armored Division"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+9th%3A+The+Story+of+the+9th+Armored+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonesentry.com%2Fgi_stories_booklets%2F9tharmored%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-remegen-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-remegen_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-remegen_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/worldwarii/p/remagen.htm">"Bridge at Remagen"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bridge+at+Remagen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmilitaryhistory.about.com%2Fod%2Fworldwarii%2Fp%2Fremagen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sarasota-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sarasota_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1755&dat=19450422&id=ZtciAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oGQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3724,1237923">"Eisenhower"</a>. Sarasota-Herald Tribune. April 22, 1945.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Eisenhower&rft.date=1945-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1755%26dat%3D19450422%26id%3DZtciAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DoGQEAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3724%2C1237923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eisenhower-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eisenhower_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDwight_Eisenhower1948" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a> (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.239673"><i>Crusade in Europe</i></a> (April 1952 ed.). p. 418.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crusade+in+Europe&rft.pages=418&rft.edition=April+1952&rft.date=1948&rft.au=Dwight+Eisenhower&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.239673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hechler-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hechler_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis_Betty2001" class="citation web cs1">Lewis Betty (2001-07-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090611110151/http://www.appalachiacoal.com/Remagen%20Bridge%20jul14.01.htm">"Interview with Ken Hechler, WWII Historian, Author of <i>The Bridge at Remagen</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.appalachiacoal.com/Remagen%20Bridge%20jul14.01.htm">the original</a> on June 11, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Ken+Hechler%2C+WWII+Historian%2C+Author+of+The+Bridge+at+Remagen&rft.date=2001-07-14&rft.au=Lewis+Betty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.appalachiacoal.com%2FRemagen%2520Bridge%2520jul14.01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-E-Last/USA-E-Last-11.html">Charles B. MacDonald A Rhine Bridge at Remagen</a> p.230 gives casualties as 28 Killed/93 injured</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bruecke-westremagen.de/index_en.htm"><i>Peace Museum Bridge at Remagen</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Website of the museum. Retrieved July 21, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-congressionalrecord-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-congressionalrecord_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1995-03-07/html/CREC-1995-03-07-pt1-PgH2782.htm">"Remembering World War II"</a>. Congressional Record Volume 141, Number 42. March 7, 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2014</span>. <q>Eisenhower's chief of staff, his alter ego, General Walter Bedell Smith, termed the Remagan Bridge worth its weight in gold.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+World+War+II&rft.pub=Congressional+Record+Volume+141%2C+Number+42&rft.date=1995-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FCREC-1995-03-07%2Fhtml%2FCREC-1995-03-07-pt1-PgH2782.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/rhineland/rhineland.htm"><i>Rhineland, 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rhineland%2C+15+September+1944+%E2%80%93+21+March+1945&rft.pub=United+States+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbrochures%2Frhineland%2Frhineland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Charles MacDonald, <i>The Last Offensive</i>, Washington: GPO, 1973.</li> <li>Georg Tessin, <i>Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS 1939 - 1945</i>, Volume 2, Osnabrück:Biblio Verlag, 1973.</li> <li>Georg Tessin, <i>Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS 1939 - 1945</i>, Volume 4, Osnabrück:Biblio Verlag, 1975.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakos2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Makos" title="Adam Makos">Makos, Adam</a> (2019). <i><a href="/wiki/Spearhead_(Makos_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spearhead (Makos novel)">Spearhead</a></i> (1st ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Books" title="Ballantine Books">Ballantine Books</a>. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804176729" title="Special:BookSources/9780804176729"><bdi>9780804176729</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2018039460">2018039460</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL27342118M">27342118M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spearhead&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=161&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL27342118M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2018039460&rft.isbn=9780804176729&rft.aulast=Makos&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Lumberjack" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Lumberjack&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/rhineland/rhineland.htm">The Rhineland Campaign</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-E-Last/">MacDonald's <i>The Last Offensive</i> online at www.ibiblio.org</a></li> <li>Map of Operation Lumberjack - <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-E-Last/maps/USA-E-Last-VIII.jpg">[1]</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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