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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Stephen Royce</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Royce.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Stephen_Royce.jpg/220px-Stephen_Royce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Stephen_Royce.jpg/330px-Stephen_Royce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Stephen_Royce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="483" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait on display in <a href="/wiki/Vermont_State_House" title="Vermont State House">Vermont State House</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">23rd <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">Governor of Vermont</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 12, 1854 – October 10, 1856</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor of Vermont">Lieutenant</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ryland Fletcher</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_S._Robinson_(governor)" title="John S. Robinson (governor)">John S. Robinson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ryland_Fletcher" title="Ryland Fletcher">Ryland Fletcher</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="List of justices of the Vermont Supreme Court">Chief of Justice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="Vermont Supreme Court">Vermont Supreme Court</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1846–1852</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Williams" title="Charles K. Williams">Charles K. Williams</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_F._Redfield" title="Isaac F. Redfield">Isaac F. Redfield</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="List of justices of the Vermont Supreme Court">Associate Justice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="Vermont Supreme Court">Vermont Supreme Court</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1829–1846</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bates_Turner" title="Bates Turner">Bates Turner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Davis_(Vermont_judge)" title="Charles Davis (Vermont judge)">Charles Davis</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1825–1826</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Asa_Aikens" title="Asa Aikens">Asa Aikens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bates_Turner" title="Bates Turner">Bates Turner</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">Vermont House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/St._Albans_(town),_Vermont" title="St. Albans (town), Vermont">St. Albans</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1822–1825</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">James Mason</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Swift" title="Benjamin Swift">Benjamin Swift</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/State%27s_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="State's Attorney">State's Attorney</a> of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Vermont" title="Franklin County, Vermont">Franklin County, Vermont</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1816–1817</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Ebenezer Marvin Jr.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Israel P. Richardson</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">Vermont House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Sheldon,_Vermont" title="Sheldon, Vermont">Sheldon</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1815–1817</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Chauncey Fitch</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Samuel Wead</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1787-08-12</span>)</span>August 12, 1787<br /><a href="/wiki/Tinmouth,_Vermont" title="Tinmouth, Vermont">Tinmouth</a>, Republic of Vermont</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 11, 1868<span style="display:none">(1868-11-11)</span> (aged 81)<br /><a href="/wiki/Berkshire,_Vermont" title="Berkshire, Vermont">Berkshire, Vermont</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">East Berkshire Episcopal Cemetery, Berkshire, Vermont, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a> (before 1854)<br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> (from 1854)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Homer_E._Royce" class="mw-redirect" title="Homer E. Royce">Homer E. Royce</a> (nephew)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Attorney_at_law_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney at law (United States)">Attorney</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Stephen Royce</b> (August 12, 1787 – November 11, 1868) was an American <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a>. Originally a <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a>, and later a <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a>, he became a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> when the party was formed in the mid-1850s. Royce served as an <a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="List of justices of the Vermont Supreme Court">associate justice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="Vermont Supreme Court">Vermont Supreme Court</a> from 1829 to 1846, <a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="List of justices of the Vermont Supreme Court">chief justice</a> from 1846 to 1852, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Vermont">23rd governor of Vermont</a> from 1854 to 1856. </p><p>Born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Tinmouth,_Vermont" title="Tinmouth, Vermont">Tinmouth, Vermont</a>, Royce attended the local schools and the Addison County Grammar School. He taught school while attending <a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a>, from which he graduated in 1807. He then <a href="/wiki/Reading_law" title="Reading law">studied law</a>, attained <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">admission to the bar</a> 1809, and practiced in <a href="/wiki/East_Berkshire,_Vermont" title="East Berkshire, Vermont">East Berkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheldon,_Vermont" title="Sheldon, Vermont">Sheldon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._Albans_(town),_Vermont" title="St. Albans (town), Vermont">St. Albans</a>. He represented Sheldon in the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">Vermont House of Representatives</a> from 1815 to 1817 and served as <a href="/wiki/State%27s_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="State's Attorney">State's Attorney</a> of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Vermont" title="Franklin County, Vermont">Franklin County</a> from 1816 to 1817. Royce represented St. Albans in the Vermont House from 1822 to 1825, when he was selected to serve as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court. He served until 1826, and returned to the court as an associate justice in 1829. He served until 1846, when he became the court's chief justice. </p><p>In 1854, Royce was the successful Whig nominee for governor, elected with support from Whigs and members of the new Republican Party. In 1855, he was reelected as a Republican. Royce was Vermont's first Republican governor, and the party remained in control of Vermont's government for the next 100 years. His term included the Republican Party's creation of the Mountain Rule, under which governors alternated between the east and west sides of the Green Mountains and were limited to two years in office. </p><p>Royce died in Berkshire on November 11, 1868. He was buried at East Berkshire Episcopal Cemetery in Berkshire. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Royce&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royce was born in <a href="/wiki/Tinmouth,_Vermont" title="Tinmouth, Vermont">Tinmouth</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republic" title="Vermont Republic">Republic of Vermont</a> on August 12, 1787, the son of Stephen Royce (1764-1833), a veteran of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, and Minerva (Marvin) Royce, a daughter of Ebenezer Marvin, who served as a judge and member of Vermont's Council of Censors.<sup id="cite_ref-Reno_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reno-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Royce grew up in <a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Vermont" title="Franklin, Vermont">Franklin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berkshire,_Vermont" title="Berkshire, Vermont">Berkshire</a> and attended the local schools.<sup id="cite_ref-Reno_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reno-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ullery_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullery-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended school in Tinmouth and graduated from the Addison County Grammar School.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullery_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullery-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began attendance at <a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a> in 1804, where his classmates included <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Azro_Ashley_Buck" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Azro Ashley Buck">Daniel Azro Ashley Buck</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Slade_(politician)" title="William Slade (politician)">William Slade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He taught school in <a href="/wiki/Sheldon,_Vermont" title="Sheldon, Vermont">Sheldon</a> to earn his tuition, and he graduated from Middlebury in 1807.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullery_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullery-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Start_of_career">Start of career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Royce&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Start of career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After graduation, Royce began <a href="/wiki/Reading_law" title="Reading law">studying law</a> in the office of his uncle, Ebenezer Marvin Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-Reno_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reno-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attained <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">admission to the bar</a> in 1809, and practiced in <a href="/wiki/East_Berkshire,_Vermont" title="East Berkshire, Vermont">East Berkshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheldon,_Vermont" title="Sheldon, Vermont">Sheldon</a> before moving to <a href="/wiki/St._Albans_(town),_Vermont" title="St. Albans (town), Vermont">St. Albans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reno_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reno-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the prospective attorneys who <a href="/wiki/Reading_law" title="Reading law">studied law</a> under Royce was <a href="/wiki/Charles_Linsley" title="Charles Linsley">Charles Linsley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Royce was <a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Vermont" title="Franklin County, Vermont">Franklin County</a> <a href="/wiki/State%27s_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="State's Attorney">State's Attorney</a> from 1816 to 1818, and served in the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">Vermont House of Representatives</a> from 1815 to 1816 and 1822 to 1824.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_as_judge">Career as judge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Royce&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career as judge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royce was a justice of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="Vermont Supreme Court">Vermont Supreme Court</a> from 1825 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-Reno_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reno-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1837, he received the <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary degree</a> of <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">LL.D.</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a>. In 1846 he became Vermont's Chief Justice and served until 1852.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governor">Governor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Royce&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Governor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was elected <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">Governor of Vermont</a> in 1854, as a <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a>, the last Whig to hold the office. He was re-elected to a second one-year term as a Republican, serving from 1854 to 1856. He was the first <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republican_Party" title="Vermont Republican Party">Republican</a> to attain the office after the party was founded in the mid-1850s,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ushering in more than a century of Republican domination in Vermont politics. Vermont elected only Republicans to the governorship until <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Democratic_Party" title="Vermont Democratic Party">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Hoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Hoff">Philip Hoff</a> won the office in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Royce&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royce died in <a href="/wiki/Berkshire,_Vermont" title="Berkshire, Vermont">Berkshire</a> on November 11, 1868.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was interred at East Berkshire Episcopal Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/East_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="East Berkshire">East Berkshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_life">Family life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Royce&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Family life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He never married, but resided with his mother, at her request, whenever he was in his hometown.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Royce was the uncle of <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice">Chief Justice</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Congressman</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer_E._Royce" class="mw-redirect" title="Homer E. Royce">Homer E. Royce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Royce&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Reno-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reno_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reno_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reno_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reno_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reno_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJonesReno1900" class="citation magazine cs1">Jones, Leonard A.; Reno, Conrad, eds. (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kGswAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA5-PA17">"Vermont: Stephen Royce, LL.D."</a> <i>The Judiciary and the Bar of New England for the Nineteenth Century</i>. Boston, MA: Century Memorial Publishing Co. pp. <span class="nowrap">17–</span>19 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Judiciary+and+the+Bar+of+New+England+for+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.atitle=Vermont%3A+Stephen+Royce%2C+LL.D.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.date=1900&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkGswAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA5-PA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Royce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ullery-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ullery_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ullery_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ullery_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPartridge1905" class="citation book cs1">Partridge, Henry Villiers (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iA7KO9PrPacC&pg=PA175"><i>A History of Norwich, Vermont</i></a>. Dartmouth Press. p. 175<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Norwich%2C+Vermont&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Dartmouth+Press&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Partridge&rft.aufirst=Henry+Villiers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiA7KO9PrPacC%26pg%3DPA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Royce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNason1887" class="citation book cs1">Nason, Henry B., ed. (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9LgAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA31"><i>Biographical Record of the Officers and Graduates of the Rensselaer, 1824-1886</i></a>. Troy, NY: William H. Young. p. 31 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Record+of+the+Officers+and+Graduates+of+the+Rensselaer%2C+1824-1886&rft.place=Troy%2C+NY&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=William+H.+Young&rft.date=1887&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9LgAAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Royce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF"Biographical_Sketch,_Charles_Linsley"" class="citation web cs1">Ellingson, Barbara (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vermonthistory.org/documents/findaid/linsley.pdf">"Biographical Sketch, Charles Linsley"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Charles and Emmeline Linsley Papers, 1827-1892</i>. Montpelier, VT: Vermont Historical Society. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Charles+and+Emmeline+Linsley+Papers%2C+1827-1892&rft.atitle=Biographical+Sketch%2C+Charles+Linsley&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Ellingson&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvermonthistory.org%2Fdocuments%2Ffindaid%2Flinsley.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Royce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_e0UAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT195">The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans</a>, edited by Rossiter Johnson and John Howard Brown, 1904, Rowland to Royce page</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUllery1894" class="citation book cs1">Ullery, Jacob G. (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nvg_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA91"><i>Men of Vermont Illustrated</i></a>. Brattleboro, VT: Transcript Publishing Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">91–</span>92 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men+of+Vermont+Illustrated&rft.place=Brattleboro%2C+VT&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E91-%3C%2Fspan%3E92&rft.pub=Transcript+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Ullery&rft.aufirst=Jacob+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNvg_AAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Royce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_vermont/col2-content/main-content-list/title_royce_stephen.html">"Stephen Royce"</a>. National Governors Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephen+Royce&rft.pub=National+Governors+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nga.org%2Fcms%2Fhome%2Fgovernors%2Fpast-governors-bios%2Fpage_vermont%2Fcol2-content%2Fmain-content-list%2Ftitle_royce_stephen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Royce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tt2_3hTQxFMC&pg=PA39">Encyclopedia of Vermont Biography</a>, edited by Prentiss Cutler Dodge, 1912, page 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68052706/death-royce/">"Death of Judge Royce"</a>. <i>Watchman & Journal</i>. Montpelier, VT. November 18, 1868. p. 2 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Watchman+%26+Journal&rft.atitle=Death+of+Judge+Royce&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1868-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F68052706%2Fdeath-royce%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Royce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=60cjAQAAMAAJ"><i>History of Berkshire</i></a>. Berkshire, VT: Berkshire Historical Society. 1994. p. 70 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Berkshire&rft.place=Berkshire%2C+VT&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Berkshire+Historical+Society&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D60cjAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Royce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TapBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA10">Catalogue of Officers and Students of Middlebury College</a>, published by the college, 1917, page 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ATATAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA228">History of Franklin and Grand Isle Counties, Vermont</a>, edited by Lewis Cass Aldrich, 1891, page 228</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Royce&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/13074389">Stephen Royce</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nga.org/governor/stephen-royce/">Stephen Royce</a> at National Governors Association</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~vermont/FranklinBerkshire.html">Ancestry.com</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Erastus_Fairbanks" title="Erastus Fairbanks">Erastus Fairbanks</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">Governor of Vermont</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1854_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1854 Vermont gubernatorial election">1854</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">None</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>First</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">Governor of Vermont</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1855_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1855 Vermont gubernatorial election">1855</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ryland_Fletcher" title="Ryland Fletcher">Ryland Fletcher</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_S._Robinson_(governor)" title="John S. Robinson (governor)">John S. Robinson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">Governor of Vermont</a> </b><br />1854–1855 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ryland_Fletcher" title="Ryland Fletcher">Ryland Fletcher</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Vermont364" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Vermont" title="Template:Governors of Vermont"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Vermont" title="Template talk:Governors of Vermont"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Vermont" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Vermont"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Vermont364" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Vermont" title="List of governors of Vermont">Governors of Vermont</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republic" title="Vermont Republic">Vermont Republic <br /><span class="nobold"><small>(1777–1791)</small></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chittenden" title="Thomas Chittenden">Chittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Robinson" title="Moses Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chittenden" title="Thomas Chittenden">Chittenden</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="304" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">State of Vermont<br /><span class="nobold"><small>(since 1791)</small></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chittenden" title="Thomas Chittenden">Chittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Brigham" title="Paul Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Tichenor" title="Isaac Tichenor">Tichenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Smith" title="Israel Smith">I. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Tichenor" title="Isaac Tichenor">Tichenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Galusha" title="Jonas Galusha">Galusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Chittenden" title="Martin Chittenden">M. Chittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Galusha" title="Jonas Galusha">Galusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Skinner_(American_politician)" title="Richard Skinner (American politician)">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_P._Van_Ness" title="Cornelius P. Van Ness">Van Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Butler" title="Ezra Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Crafts" title="Samuel C. Crafts">Crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Palmer" title="William A. Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_H._Jennison" title="Silas H. Jennison">Jennison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Paine" title="Charles Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mattocks" title="John Mattocks">Mattocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Slade_(politician)" title="William Slade (politician)">Slade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Eaton" title="Horace Eaton">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Coolidge" title="Carlos Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Williams" title="Charles K. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_Fairbanks" title="Erastus Fairbanks">E. Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Robinson_(governor)" title="John S. Robinson (governor)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryland_Fletcher" title="Ryland Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiland_Hall" title="Hiland Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_Fairbanks" title="Erastus Fairbanks">E. Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Holbrook" title="Frederick Holbrook">Holbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Gregory_Smith" title="J. Gregory Smith">G. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dillingham" title="Paul Dillingham">P. Dillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Page" title="John B. Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_T._Washburn" title="Peter T. Washburn">Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whitman_Hendee" title="George Whitman Hendee">Hendee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wolcott_Stewart" title="John Wolcott Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Converse" title="Julius Converse">Converse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asahel_Peck" title="Asahel Peck">Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Fairbanks" title="Horace Fairbanks">H. Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">R. Proctor Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswell_Farnham" title="Roswell Farnham">Farnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Barstow" title="John L. Barstow">Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_E._Pingree" title="Samuel E. Pingree">Pingree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_J._Ormsbee" title="Ebenezer J. Ormsbee">Ormsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Dillingham" title="William P. Dillingham">W.P. Dillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_S._Page" title="Carroll S. Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_K._Fuller" title="Levi K. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_A._Woodbury" title="Urban A. Woodbury">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Grout" title="Josiah Grout">Grout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Curtis_Smith" title="Edward Curtis Smith">E. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Stickney_(politician)" title="William W. Stickney (politician)">Stickney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._McCullough" title="John G. McCullough">McCullough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Bell_(politician)" title="Charles J. Bell (politician)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletcher_D._Proctor" title="Fletcher D. Proctor">F. Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Prouty" title="George H. Prouty">Prouty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Mead" title="John A. Mead">Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_M._Fletcher" title="Allen M. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Gates" title="Charles W. Gates">Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_F._Graham" title="Horace F. Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_W._Clement" title="Percival W. Clement">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hartness" title="James Hartness">Hartness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor_Jr." title="Redfield Proctor Jr.">R. Proctor Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_S._Billings" title="Franklin S. Billings">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Weeks" title="John E. Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_C._Wilson" title="Stanley C. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manley_Smith" title="Charles Manley Smith">C. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Aiken" title="George Aiken">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Wills_(politician)" title="William Henry Wills (politician)">Wills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_R._Proctor" title="Mortimer R. Proctor">M. Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Gibson_Jr." title="Ernest W. Gibson Jr.">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_J._Arthur" title="Harold J. Arthur">Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_E._Emerson" title="Lee E. Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Johnson" title="Joseph B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stafford" title="Robert Stafford">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Ray_Keyser_Jr." title="F. Ray Keyser Jr.">Keyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Hoff" title="Philip H. Hoff">Hoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deane_C._Davis" title="Deane C. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Salmon" title="Thomas P. Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Snelling" title="Richard A. Snelling">Snelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Kunin" title="Madeleine Kunin">Kunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Snelling" title="Richard A. Snelling">Snelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Douglas" title="Jim Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Shumlin" title="Peter Shumlin">Shumlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Scott" title="Phil Scott">Scott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate acting governor</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q436977#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata865" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q436977#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata865" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q436977#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000117963696">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/168877888">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1960264/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhxjpyxfGMtTyRb9vdfbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2011034093">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6g305wx">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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