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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Monterrosa</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Barrios</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline-block;">Lieutenant Colonel</div><br /><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Domingo Monterrosa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Birth name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">José Domingo Monterrosa Barrios</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1940-08-04</span>)</span>4 August 1940<br /><a href="/wiki/Berl%C3%ADn,_El_Salvador" title="Berlín, El Salvador">Berlín</a>, El Salvador</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 October 1984<span style="display:none">(1984-10-23)</span> (aged 44)<br /><a href="/wiki/Joateca" title="Joateca">Joateca</a>, El Salvador</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1984_Joateca_Bell_UH-1_bombing" title="1984 Joateca Bell UH-1 bombing">Helicopter crash</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Army" title="Salvadoran Army">Salvadoran Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1963–1984</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lieutenant colonel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A1catl_Battalion" title="Atlácatl Battalion">Atlácatl Battalion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/El_Mozote_massacre" title="El Mozote massacre">El Mozote massacre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Football_War" title="Football War">Football War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Captain_General_Gerardo_Barrios_Military_School" title="Captain General Gerardo Barrios Military School">Captain General Gerardo Barrios Military School</a><br /><a href="/wiki/School_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="School of the Americas">School of the Americas</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>José Domingo Monterrosa Barrios</b> (4 August 1940 – 23 October 1984) was a military commander of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_El_Salvador" title="Armed Forces of El Salvador">Armed Forces of El Salvador</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a>. He was killed in a <a href="/wiki/1984_Joateca_Bell_UH-1_bombing" title="1984 Joateca Bell UH-1 bombing">helicopter crash</a> when a bomb planted by the <a href="/wiki/Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD_National_Liberation_Front" title="Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front">Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front</a> (FMLN) in a radio transmitter detonated over <a href="/wiki/Joateca" title="Joateca">Joateca</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domingo_Monterrosa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>José Domingo Monterrosa Barrios was born on 4 August 1940 in <a href="/wiki/Berl%C3%ADn,_El_Salvador" title="Berlín, El Salvador">Berlín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Usulut%C3%A1n_Department" title="Usulután Department">Usulután</a>, El Salvador.<sup id="cite_ref-Lamperti_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamperti-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monterrosa graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Captain_General_Gerardo_Barrios_Military_School" title="Captain General Gerardo Barrios Military School">Captain General Gerardo Barrios Military School</a> in 1963 and attended the <a href="/wiki/School_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="School of the Americas">School of the Americas</a> in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-Lamperti_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamperti-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domingo_Monterrosa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1969, Monterrosa participated in the <a href="/wiki/Football_War" title="Football War">Football War</a> against <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lamperti_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamperti-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1980, he was assigned to become the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A1catl_Battalion" title="Atlácatl Battalion">Atlácatl Battalion</a>, composed of who considered to be El Salvador's elite soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-Lamperti_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamperti-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Atlácatl Battalion was held responsible for committing the <a href="/wiki/El_Mozote_massacre" title="El Mozote massacre">El Mozote massacre</a> in 1981. Monterrosa was allegedly seen arriving by helicopter by a local guide prior to the start of the massacre, as told by reporter <a href="/wiki/Mark_Danner" title="Mark Danner">Mark Danner</a>; however, Danner also reported that Monterrosa had been contacted by a U.S. military advisor to share the outcome of the battle that had taken place in <a href="/wiki/El_Mozote" title="El Mozote">El Mozote</a>. At that point, Monterrosa was in the Atlácatl's headquarters. According to Danner's story, after the conversation with the U.S. advisor, Monterrosa boarded a helicopter and headed to Morazán.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> reported in 2007 that Monterrosa had ordered the massacre.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El Mozote was a tiny village located North of Morazán. </p><p>Monterrosa was known to be obsessed with destroying the pro-rebel <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Venceremos" title="Radio Venceremos">Radio Venceremos</a></i>, which "specialized in ideological propaganda, acerbic commentary, and pointed ridicule of the government".<sup id="cite_ref-NY_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monterrosa was a supporter of President <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Napole%C3%B3n_Duarte" title="José Napoleón Duarte">José Napoleón Duarte</a>'s efforts to hold peace talks in 1984, and his death seriously weakened them.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domingo_Monterrosa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wreckage_of_Domingo_Monterrosa%27s_Helicopter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Wreckage_of_Domingo_Monterrosa%27s_Helicopter.jpg/220px-Wreckage_of_Domingo_Monterrosa%27s_Helicopter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Wreckage_of_Domingo_Monterrosa%27s_Helicopter.jpg/330px-Wreckage_of_Domingo_Monterrosa%27s_Helicopter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Wreckage_of_Domingo_Monterrosa%27s_Helicopter.jpg/440px-Wreckage_of_Domingo_Monterrosa%27s_Helicopter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The wreckage of Monterrosa's helicopter at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Revolution_(El_Salvador)" title="Museum of the Revolution (El Salvador)">Museum of the Revolution</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD_National_Liberation_Front" title="Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front">Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front</a> (FMLN) set a <a href="/wiki/Booby_trap" title="Booby trap">booby trap</a> in fake rebel radio transmitter that Monterrosa took with him as a victory trophy. The bomb went off while he was in flight; <a href="/wiki/1984_Joateca_Bell_UH-1_bombing" title="1984 Joateca Bell UH-1 bombing">the bombing and crash</a> killed at 14 people onboard the aircraft, including Monterrosa.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remnants of his helicopter can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Revolution_(El_Salvador)" title="Museum of the Revolution (El Salvador)">Museum of the Revolution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Perqu%C3%ADn" title="Perquín">Perquín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moraz%C3%A1n_Department" title="Morazán Department">Morazán Department</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domingo_Monterrosa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The museum of El Salvador's Armed Forces has designated a special section for Monterrosa. After his death in October 1984, the Salvadoran congress honored Monterrosa with the title of "Heroe de Joateca" and declared him a national hero for his service to the country. </p><p>In 2019, the new Salvadoran President <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a> ordered the removal of Monterrosa's name from one of the main military units of the Salvadoran Army.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Years earlier, another Salvadoran president, <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Funes" title="Mauricio Funes">Mauricio Funes</a>, asked for forgiveness from the state and the people of El Salvador for the crimes committed by state actors during the civil war, and directed the Army to review their behavior in those years. <sup id="cite_ref-BBC_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domingo_Monterrosa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lamperti-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lamperti_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lamperti_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lamperti_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lamperti_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLamperti" class="citation web cs1">Lamperti, John W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://math.dartmouth.edu/~lamperti/Trojan_Horse.html">"The Trojan Horse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hanover,_New_Hampshire" title="Hanover, New Hampshire">Hanover, New Hampshire</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Trojan+Horse&rft.place=Hanover%2C+New+Hampshire&rft.pub=Dartmouth+College&rft.aulast=Lamperti&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmath.dartmouth.edu%2F~lamperti%2FTrojan_Horse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADomingo+Monterrosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Danner. 1993. The Massacre at El Mozote. New York: Vintage.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManuel_Roig-Franzia2007" class="citation news cs1">Manuel Roig-Franzia (29 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/28/AR2007012801353_pf.html">"Former Salvadoran Foes Share Doubts on War"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025100104/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/28/AR2007012801353_pf.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Former+Salvadoran+Foes+Share+Doubts+on+War&rft.date=2007-01-29&rft.au=Manuel+Roig-Franzia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F01%2F28%2FAR2007012801353_pf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADomingo+Monterrosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NY_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMark_Danner1993" class="citation magazine cs1">Mark Danner (6 December 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121115135836/http://www.markdanner.com/articles/show/the_truth_of_el_mozote">"The Truth of El Mozote"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.markdanner.com/articles/show/the_truth_of_el_mozote">the original</a> on 15 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Truth+of+El+Mozote&rft.date=1993-12-06&rft.au=Mark+Danner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.markdanner.com%2Farticles%2Fshow%2Fthe_truth_of_el_mozote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADomingo+Monterrosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_M._LeoGrande1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_M._LeoGrande" title="William M. LeoGrande">William M. LeoGrande</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TYYuYxZD2DMC&dq=%22Domingo+Monterrosa%22&pg=PA263"><i>Our Own Backyard: The United States In Central America, 1977–1992</i></a>. University of North Carolina Press. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807898802" title="Special:BookSources/9780807898802"><bdi>9780807898802</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Own+Backyard%3A+The+United+States+In+Central+America%2C+1977%E2%80%931992&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780807898802&rft.au=William+M.+LeoGrande&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTYYuYxZD2DMC%26dq%3D%2522Domingo%2BMonterrosa%2522%26pg%3DPA263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADomingo+Monterrosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDrudge1984" class="citation web cs1">Drudge, Michael W. (28 November 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/11/28/Army-helicopter-reported-downed-by-guerrilla-bomb/4961470466000/">"Army Helicopter Reported Downed by Guerrilla Bomb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a>, El Salvador<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Army+Helicopter+Reported+Downed+by+Guerrilla+Bomb&rft.date=1984-11-28&rft.aulast=Drudge&rft.aufirst=Michael+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1984%2F11%2F28%2FArmy-helicopter-reported-downed-by-guerrilla-bomb%2F4961470466000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADomingo+Monterrosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHompanera2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hompanera, Yessica (25 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elsalvador.com/fotogalerias/noticias-fotogalerias/domingo-monterrosa-muerte-tras-atentado-en-morazan/1010218/2022/">"Fotos: Domingo Monterrosa a 38 Años de Su Muerte Tras Atentado en Helicóptero"</a> [Photos: Domingo Monterrosa 38 Years After His Death After a Helicopter Attack]. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Diario_de_Hoy" title="El Diario de Hoy">El Diario de Hoy</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Diario+de+Hoy&rft.atitle=Fotos%3A+Domingo+Monterrosa+a+38+A%C3%B1os+de+Su+Muerte+Tras+Atentado+en+Helic%C3%B3ptero&rft.date=2022-10-25&rft.aulast=Hompanera&rft.aufirst=Yessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsalvador.com%2Ffotogalerias%2Fnoticias-fotogalerias%2Fdomingo-monterrosa-muerte-tras-atentado-en-morazan%2F1010218%2F2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADomingo+Monterrosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2019/06/08/el-salvador-stops-honouring-the-leader-of-the-el-mozote-massacre">"A killer, reviled: El Salvador stops honouring the leader of the El Mozote massacre"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 8 June 2019. p. 33-34 (2 columns)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=A+killer%2C+reviled%3A+El+Salvador+stops+honouring+the+leader+of+the+El+Mozote+massacre&rft.pages=33-34+%282+columns%29&rft.date=2019-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fthe-americas%2F2019%2F06%2F08%2Fel-salvador-stops-honouring-the-leader-of-the-el-mozote-massacre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADomingo+Monterrosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBBC_Mundo2019" class="citation magazine cs1">BBC Mundo (3 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190606011732/https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-48504990">"Nayib Bukele asume en El Salvador: quién era Domingo Monterrosa, el militar vinculado a la masacre de El Mozote y protagonista de la primera orden del presidente salvadoreño"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-48504990">the original</a> on 6 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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