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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">氨基酸</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有110種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminosuur" title="Aminosuur – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aminosuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="حمض أميني – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حمض أميني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E2%80%99_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1" title="এমিন’ এছিড – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এমিন’ এছিড" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino%C3%A1cidu" title="Aminoácidu – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aminoácidu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amintur%C5%9Fular" title="Aminturşular – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aminturşular" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="آمینو اسید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آمینو اسید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asidong_amino" title="Asidong amino – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Asidong amino" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Амінакіслоты – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амінакіслоты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Амінакісьлі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Амінакісьлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аминокиселина – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аминокиселина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1" title="অ্যামিনো অ্যাসিড – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যামিনো অ্যাসিড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminokiselina" title="Aminokiselina – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aminokiselina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino%C3%A0cid" title="Aminoàcid – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aminoàcid" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ترشی ئەمینی – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ترشی ئەمینی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminokyselina" title="Aminokyselina – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aminokyselina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D3%B3%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Аминойӳçек – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аминойӳçек" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asid_amino" title="Asid amino – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Asid amino" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminosyre" title="Aminosyre – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aminosyre" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminos%C3%A4uren" title="Aminosäuren – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aminosäuren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%AD%CE%B1" title="Αμινοξέα – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμινοξέα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Amino acid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacido" title="Aminoacido – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aminoacido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino%C3%A1cido" title="Aminoácido – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aminoácido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminohapped" title="Aminohapped – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aminohapped" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoazido" title="Aminoazido – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aminoazido" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="آمینو اسید – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمینو اسید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminohapot" title="Aminohapot – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aminohapot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminos%C3%BDra" title="Aminosýra – 法羅文" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Aminosýra" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9" title="Acide aminé – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acide aminé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminos%C3%BCren" title="Aminosüren – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Aminosüren" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aim%C3%ADonaig%C3%A9ad" title="Aimíonaigéad – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aimíonaigéad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino%C3%A1cido" title="Aminoácido – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aminoácido" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid – 豪撒文" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Amino acid" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪撒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94n-k%C3%AE-s%C3%B4n" title="Ôn-kî-sôn – 客家話" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ôn-kî-sôn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家話" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95" title="חומצת אמינו – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומצת אמינו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="अमीनो अम्ल – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमीनो अम्ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminokiselina" title="Aminokiselina – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aminokiselina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asid_amine" title="Asid amine – 海地文" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Asid amine" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminosavak" title="Aminosavak – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aminosavak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Ամինաթթու – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամինաթթու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacido" title="Aminoacido – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aminoacido" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_amino" title="Asam amino – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asam amino" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacido" title="Aminoacido – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aminoacido" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADn%C3%B3s%C3%BDra" title="Amínósýra – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Amínósýra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amminoacido" title="Amminoacido – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amminoacido" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8E%E9%85%B8" title="アミノ酸 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アミノ酸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asem_amino" title="Asem amino – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Asem amino" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ამინომჟავები – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამინომჟავები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminokislotalar" title="Aminokislotalar – 卡拉卡爾帕克文" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Aminokislotalar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡爾帕克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Аминқышқылдар – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аминқышқылдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%81" title="អាស៊ីតអាមីនេ – 高棉文" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាស៊ីតអាមីនេ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8A_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2" title="ಅಮಿನೊ ಆಮ್ಲ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಮಿನೊ ಆಮ್ಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%AF%B8%EB%85%B8%EC%82%B0" title="아미노산 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아미노산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%8E%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%90%DA%88" title="اَمَینو ایسِڈ – 喀什米爾文" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اَمَینو ایسِڈ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="喀什米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C3%AEda_am%C3%AEn%C3%AE" title="Asîda amînî – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Asîda amînî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_(%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Амин кычкылдыктары (аминокислота) – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Амин кычкылдыктары (аминокислота)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacidum" title="Aminoacidum – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aminoacidum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminosaier" title="Aminosaier – 盧森堡文" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Aminosaier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="盧森堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminozoer" title="Aminozoer – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aminozoer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminuacid" title="Aminuacid – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aminuacid" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminor%C5%ABg%C5%A1tys" title="Aminorūgštys – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aminorūgštys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminosk%C4%81bes" title="Aminoskābes – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aminoskābes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аминокиселина – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аминокиселина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="അമിനോ അമ്ലം – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമിനോ അമ്ലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Амин хүчил – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Амин хүчил" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="अमिनो आम्ल – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अमिनो आम्ल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asid_amino" title="Asid amino – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Asid amino" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminozuur" title="Aminozuur – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aminozuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminosyre" title="Aminosyre – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aminosyre" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminosyre" title="Aminosyre – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aminosyre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino-aside" title="Amino-aside – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Amino-aside" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacid" title="Aminoacid – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aminoacid" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoo_Asidii" title="Aminoo Asidii – 奧羅莫文" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Aminoo Asidii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奧羅莫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC" title="ਅਮੀਨੋ ਤਿਜ਼ਾਬ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਮੀਨੋ ਤਿਜ਼ਾਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminokwasy" title="Aminokwasy – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aminokwasy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%88" title="امینو ایسڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="امینو ایسڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="امينو اسيد – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="امينو اسيد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino%C3%A1cido" title="Aminoácido – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aminoácido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacid" title="Aminoacid – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aminoacid" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Аминокислоты – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аминокислоты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminosivra" title="Aminosivra – 北方薩米文" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Aminosivra" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方薩米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminokiselina" title="Aminokiselina – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aminokiselina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9D_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD" title="ඇමයිනෝ අම්ල – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇමයිනෝ අම්ල" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amino acid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminokyselina" title="Aminokyselina – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aminokyselina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminokislina" title="Aminokislina – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aminokislina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacidet" title="Aminoacidet – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aminoacidet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аминокиселина – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аминокиселина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminos%C3%BC%C3%BCren" title="Aminosüüren – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Aminosüüren" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_amino" title="Asam amino – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Asam amino" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminosyror" title="Aminosyror – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aminosyror" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asidi_amino" title="Asidi amino – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Asidi amino" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அமினோ அமிலம் – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமினோ அமிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఎమైనో ఆమ్లాలు – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎమైనో ఆమ్లాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Аминокислотаҳо – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аминокислотаҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99" title="กรดอะมิโน – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กรดอะมิโน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asidong_amino" title="Asidong amino – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Asidong amino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_asit" title="Amino asit – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amino asit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Амінокислоти – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Амінокислоти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%88" title="امینو ایسڈ – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امینو ایسڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminokislotalar" title="Aminokislotalar – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aminokislotalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Amino acid" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminozuur" title="Aminozuur – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Aminozuur" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoasido" title="Aminoasido – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aminoasido" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="氨基酸 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氨基酸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90-%D7%96%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="אמינא-זייערס – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אמינא-זייערס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_Amino_acid" title="Àwọn Amino acid – 約魯巴文" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn Amino acid" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="約魯巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="氨基酸 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氨基酸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="氨基酸 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氨基酸" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-ki-sng" title="An-ki-sng – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="An-ki-sng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8066#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" rel="discussion" title="關於內容頁嘅討論[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8&oldid=2054270" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8&id=2054270&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><p><b>氨基酸</b>（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Wikipedia:粵文拼音">粵拼</a>：<span class="plainlinks" style="display:inline-block"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yue.forvo.com/word/yue/氨基酸/#yue"><span>on<span class="Jpingtone">1</span> gei<span class="Jpingtone">1</span> syun<span class="Jpingtone">1</span></span></a></span>；<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>：<span lang="en"><b>Amino acid</b></span>）係構成<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a>嘅基本單位，生物體中總共有二十種噉多。氨基酸按照極性分成極性同非極性，而極性氨基酸又分成帶電同唔帶電兩種。極性氨基酸係親水嘅，而非極性氨基酸係疏水嘅。氨基酸係由胺基、羥基、羧基以及一個特別支鏈組成嘅重要生物分子。組成氨基酸嘅最基本元素係碳、氫、氧同氮。氨基酸嘅分類可以通過極性、酸鹼度同支鏈類型（比如含有芳香環、羥基、硫等）嚟分類。氨基酸以蛋白質嘅形式存在，構成人體肌肉，細胞同其他組織除水之外嘅第二大成份。喺蛋白質之外，氨基酸亦參與神經傳遞素同生物合成等嘅關鍵過程。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 歷史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>歷史上第一種氨基酸係喺十九世紀初畀人發現嘅。1806年，法國化學家<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="沃克蘭">沃克蘭</a> (Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin) 同 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Jean_Robiquet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Jean Robiquet (無呢版)">Pierre Jean Robiquet</a> 喺<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E7%AD%8D" title="露筍">露筍</a>入邊分離咗一種化合物，之後將佢叫做<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA" title="天冬酰胺">天冬酰胺</a>，即係第一種畀人發現嘅氨基酸<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anfinsen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anfinsen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胱氨酸 (無呢版)">胱氨酸</a>喺1810年畀人發現<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而佢嘅異構體<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="半胱氨酸">半胱氨酸</a>就直到1884年先畀人發現<sup id="cite_ref-Anfinsen_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anfinsen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="甘氨酸">甘氨酸</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="亮氨酸">亮氨酸</a>係1820年發現嘅<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。英文用<i>amino acid</i>表示氨基酸係從1898年開始<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1902年，有人發現蛋白質經<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="酵素">酵素</a>消化或者<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8" title="酸">酸</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%A7%A3" title="水解">水解</a>之後會產生氨基酸。<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Emil_Fischer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Emil Fischer (無呢版)">Emil Fischer</a> 同 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Hofmeister&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Hofmeister (無呢版)">Franz Hofmeister</a> 提出<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a>係一個氨基酸嘅胺基同另一個氨基酸嘅羧基結合組成嘅線結構，佢哋叫呢種結構做<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BD" title="肽">肽</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="基本結構"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B"></span>基本結構</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 基本結構"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lysine_fisher_structure_and_3d_ball.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Lysine_fisher_structure_and_3d_ball.svg/260px-Lysine_fisher_structure_and_3d_ball.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Lysine_fisher_structure_and_3d_ball.svg/390px-Lysine_fisher_structure_and_3d_ball.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Lysine_fisher_structure_and_3d_ball.svg/520px-Lysine_fisher_structure_and_3d_ball.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1147" data-file-height="1047" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%B4%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="賴氨酸">賴氨酸</a> 支鏈嘅碳原子加咗編碼</figcaption></figure> <p>氨基酸嘅分子結構含有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BA%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胺基 (無呢版)">胺基</a>（―NH<sub>2</sub> ）同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%A7%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羧基 (無呢版)">羧基</a>（―COOH），兼且氨基同羧基都直接連接喺一個-CH-結構上嘅有機化合物。通式係H<sub>2</sub>NCHRCOOH。根據胺基連接喺羧酸碳原子嘅位置，可分成<i>α</i>、<i>β</i>、<i>γ</i>、<i>δ</i>……氨基酸（C……C―C―C―C―COOH）。 </p><p>蛋白質經<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%A7%A3" title="水解">水解</a>後，會產生20幾種<a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91-%E8%83%BA%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Α-胺基酸 (無呢版)">α-胺基酸</a>，好似<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="甘氨酸">甘氨酸</a>（Glycine）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="丙氨酸">丙氨酸</a>（Alanine）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%88%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="纈氨酸">纈氨酸</a>（Valine）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="亮氨酸">亮氨酸</a>（Leucine）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E4%BA%AE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="異亮氨酸">異亮氨酸</a>（Isoleucine）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="苯丙氨酸">苯丙氨酸</a>（Phenylalanine）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="色氨酸">色氨酸</a>（Tryptophan）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AA%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="酪氨酸">酪氨酸</a>（Tyrosine）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%96%80%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="天門冬氨酸">天冬氨酸</a>（Aspartic acid）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="組氨酸">組氨酸</a>（Histidine）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA" title="天冬酰胺">天冬酰胺</a>（Asparagine）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="穀氨酸">穀氨酸</a>（Glutamic acid）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%B4%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="賴氨酸">賴氨酸</a>（Lysine）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA" title="穀氨酰胺">穀氨酰胺</a>（Glutamine）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%A1%AB%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="甲硫氨酸">甲硫氨酸</a>（Methionine）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="精氨酸">精氨酸</a>（Arginine）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B2%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="絲氨酸">絲氨酸</a>（Serine）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="蘇氨酸">蘇氨酸</a>（Threonine）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="半胱氨酸">半胱氨酸</a>（Cysteine）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%AF%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="脯氨酸">脯氨酸</a>（Proline）等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="物理化學特性"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E5.8C.96.E5.AD.B8.E7.89.B9.E6.80.A7"></span>物理化學特性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 物理化學特性"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>縮寫 </th> <th>全名 </th> <th>中文譯名 </th> <th>結構 </th> <th>支鏈極性 </th> <th>支鏈帶電(pH 7.4) </th> <th>親水指數 </th> <th>吸收波長（納米） </th> <th>分子量 </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E9%9B%BB%E9%BB%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="等電點 (無呢版)">等電點</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E9%9B%A2%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="解離常數 (無呢版)">解離常數</a><br />（羧基） </th> <th>解離常數<br />（胺基） </th> <th>pKr(R) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Gly (G) </td> <td>Glycine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="甘氨酸">甘氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glycin_-_Glycine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="甘氨酸 Glycine"><img alt="甘氨酸 Glycine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Glycin_-_Glycine.svg/80px-Glycin_-_Glycine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Glycin_-_Glycine.svg/120px-Glycin_-_Glycine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Glycin_-_Glycine.svg/160px-Glycin_-_Glycine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>冇極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>－0.4 </td> <td> </td> <td>75.07 </td> <td>6.06 </td> <td>2.35 </td> <td>9.78 </td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ala (A) </td> <td>Alanine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="丙氨酸">丙氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alanin_-_Alanine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="丙氨酸 Alanine"><img alt="丙氨酸 Alanine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Alanin_-_Alanine.svg/80px-Alanin_-_Alanine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Alanin_-_Alanine.svg/120px-Alanin_-_Alanine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Alanin_-_Alanine.svg/160px-Alanin_-_Alanine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="162" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>冇極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>1.8 </td> <td> </td> <td>89.09 </td> <td>6.11 </td> <td>2.35 </td> <td>9.87 </td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Val (V) </td> <td>Valine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%88%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="纈氨酸">纈氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valin_-_Valine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="纈氨酸 Valine"><img alt="纈氨酸 Valine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Valin_-_Valine.svg/80px-Valin_-_Valine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Valin_-_Valine.svg/120px-Valin_-_Valine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Valin_-_Valine.svg/160px-Valin_-_Valine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>冇極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>4.2 </td> <td> </td> <td>117.15 </td> <td>6.00 </td> <td>2.39 </td> <td>9.74 </td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leu (L) </td> <td>Leucine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="亮氨酸">亮氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leucin_-_Leucine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="亮氨酸 Leucine"><img alt="亮氨酸 Leucine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Leucin_-_Leucine.svg/80px-Leucin_-_Leucine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Leucin_-_Leucine.svg/120px-Leucin_-_Leucine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Leucin_-_Leucine.svg/160px-Leucin_-_Leucine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>冇極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>3.8 </td> <td> </td> <td>131.17 </td> <td>6.01 </td> <td>2.33 </td> <td>9.74 </td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ile (I) </td> <td>Isoleucine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E4%BA%AE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="異亮氨酸">異亮氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isoleucin_-_Isoleucine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="異亮氨酸 Isoleucine"><img alt="異亮氨酸 Isoleucine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Isoleucin_-_Isoleucine.svg/80px-Isoleucin_-_Isoleucine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Isoleucin_-_Isoleucine.svg/120px-Isoleucin_-_Isoleucine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Isoleucin_-_Isoleucine.svg/160px-Isoleucin_-_Isoleucine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>冇極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td> </td> <td>131.17 </td> <td>6.05 </td> <td>2.32 </td> <td>9.76 </td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phe (F) </td> <td>Phenylalanine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="苯丙氨酸">苯丙氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phenylalanin_-_Phenylalanine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine"><img alt="苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Phenylalanin_-_Phenylalanine.svg/80px-Phenylalanin_-_Phenylalanine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Phenylalanin_-_Phenylalanine.svg/120px-Phenylalanin_-_Phenylalanine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Phenylalanin_-_Phenylalanine.svg/160px-Phenylalanin_-_Phenylalanine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td>冇極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>2.8 </td> <td>257,206,188 </td> <td>165.19 </td> <td>5.49 </td> <td>2.20 </td> <td>9.31 </td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trp (W) </td> <td>Tryptophan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="色氨酸">色氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tryptophan_-_Tryptophan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="色氨酸 Tryptophan"><img alt="色氨酸 Tryptophan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tryptophan_-_Tryptophan.svg/80px-Tryptophan_-_Tryptophan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tryptophan_-_Tryptophan.svg/120px-Tryptophan_-_Tryptophan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tryptophan_-_Tryptophan.svg/160px-Tryptophan_-_Tryptophan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="125" /></a></span> </td> <td>冇極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>-0.9 </td> <td>280,219 </td> <td>204.23 </td> <td>5.89 </td> <td>2.46 </td> <td>9.41 </td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tyr (Y) </td> <td>Tyrosine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AA%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="酪氨酸">酪氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyrosin_-_Tyrosine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="酪氨酸 Tyrosine"><img alt="酪氨酸 Tyrosine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Tyrosin_-_Tyrosine.svg/80px-Tyrosin_-_Tyrosine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Tyrosin_-_Tyrosine.svg/120px-Tyrosin_-_Tyrosine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Tyrosin_-_Tyrosine.svg/160px-Tyrosin_-_Tyrosine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="137" /></a></span> </td> <td>極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>-1.3 </td> <td>274,222,193 </td> <td>181.19 </td> <td>5.64 </td> <td>2.20 </td> <td>9.21 </td> <td>10.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asp (D) </td> <td>Aspartate </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%96%80%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="天門冬氨酸">天門冬氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_Aspartic_acid.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="天冬氨酸 Aspartic acid"><img alt="天冬氨酸 Aspartic acid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_Aspartic_acid.svg/80px-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_Aspartic_acid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_Aspartic_acid.svg/120px-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_Aspartic_acid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_Aspartic_acid.svg/160px-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_Aspartic_acid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>酸性、極性 </td> <td>負電 </td> <td>-3.5 </td> <td> </td> <td>133.10 </td> <td>2.85 </td> <td>1.99 </td> <td>9.90 </td> <td>3.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>His (H) </td> <td>Histidine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="組氨酸">組氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Histidin_-_Histidine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="組氨酸 Histidine"><img alt="組氨酸 Histidine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Histidin_-_Histidine.svg/80px-Histidin_-_Histidine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Histidin_-_Histidine.svg/120px-Histidin_-_Histidine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Histidin_-_Histidine.svg/160px-Histidin_-_Histidine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> </td> <td>鹼性、極性 </td> <td>正電（一成）、中性（九成） </td> <td>-3.2 </td> <td>211 </td> <td>155.16 </td> <td>7.60 </td> <td>1.80 </td> <td>9.33 </td> <td>6.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asn (N) </td> <td>Asparagine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA" title="天冬酰胺">天冬酰胺</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asparagin_-_Asparagine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="天冬酰胺 Asparagine"><img alt="天冬酰胺 Asparagine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Asparagin_-_Asparagine.svg/80px-Asparagin_-_Asparagine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Asparagin_-_Asparagine.svg/120px-Asparagin_-_Asparagine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Asparagin_-_Asparagine.svg/160px-Asparagin_-_Asparagine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>-3.5 </td> <td> </td> <td>132.12 </td> <td>5.41 </td> <td>2.14 </td> <td>8.72 </td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Glu (E) </td> <td>Glutamate </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="穀氨酸">穀氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glutamins%C3%A4ure_-_Glutamic_acid.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="谷（麩）氨酸 Glutamic acid"><img alt="谷（麩）氨酸 Glutamic acid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Glutamins%C3%A4ure_-_Glutamic_acid.svg/80px-Glutamins%C3%A4ure_-_Glutamic_acid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Glutamins%C3%A4ure_-_Glutamic_acid.svg/120px-Glutamins%C3%A4ure_-_Glutamic_acid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Glutamins%C3%A4ure_-_Glutamic_acid.svg/160px-Glutamins%C3%A4ure_-_Glutamic_acid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>酸性、極性 </td> <td>負電 </td> <td>-3.5 </td> <td> </td> <td>147.13 </td> <td>3.15 </td> <td>2.10 </td> <td>9.47 </td> <td>4.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lys (K) </td> <td>Lysine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%B4%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="賴氨酸">賴氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lysin_-_Lysine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="賴氨酸 Lysine"><img alt="賴氨酸 Lysine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lysin_-_Lysine.svg/80px-Lysin_-_Lysine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lysin_-_Lysine.svg/120px-Lysin_-_Lysine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lysin_-_Lysine.svg/160px-Lysin_-_Lysine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>鹼性、極性 </td> <td>正電 </td> <td>-3.9 </td> <td> </td> <td>146.19 </td> <td>9.60 </td> <td>2.16 </td> <td>9.06 </td> <td>10.54 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gln (Q) </td> <td>Glutamine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA" title="穀氨酰胺">穀氨酰胺</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glutamin_-_Glutamine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="谷（麩）氨酰胺 Glutamine"><img alt="谷（麩）氨酰胺 Glutamine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Glutamin_-_Glutamine.svg/80px-Glutamin_-_Glutamine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Glutamin_-_Glutamine.svg/120px-Glutamin_-_Glutamine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Glutamin_-_Glutamine.svg/160px-Glutamin_-_Glutamine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>-3.5 </td> <td> </td> <td>146.15 </td> <td>5.65 </td> <td>2.17 </td> <td>9.13 </td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Met (M) </td> <td>Methionine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%A1%AB%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="甲硫氨酸">甲硫氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Methionin_-_Methionine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="甲硫氨酸 Methionine"><img alt="甲硫氨酸 Methionine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Methionin_-_Methionine.svg/80px-Methionin_-_Methionine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Methionin_-_Methionine.svg/120px-Methionin_-_Methionine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Methionin_-_Methionine.svg/160px-Methionin_-_Methionine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>冇極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>1.9 </td> <td> </td> <td>149.21 </td> <td>5.74 </td> <td>2.13 </td> <td>9.28 </td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arg (R) </td> <td>Arginine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="精氨酸">精氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arginin_-_Arginine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="精氨酸 Arginine"><img alt="精氨酸 Arginine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Arginin_-_Arginine.svg/80px-Arginin_-_Arginine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Arginin_-_Arginine.svg/120px-Arginin_-_Arginine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Arginin_-_Arginine.svg/160px-Arginin_-_Arginine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>鹼性、極性 </td> <td>正電 </td> <td>-4.5 </td> <td> </td> <td>174.20 </td> <td>10.76 </td> <td>1.82 </td> <td>8.99 </td> <td>12.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ser (S) </td> <td>Serine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B2%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="絲氨酸">絲氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serin_-_Serine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="絲氨酸 Serine"><img alt="絲氨酸 Serine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Serin_-_Serine.svg/80px-Serin_-_Serine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Serin_-_Serine.svg/120px-Serin_-_Serine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Serin_-_Serine.svg/160px-Serin_-_Serine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>-0.8 </td> <td> </td> <td>105.09 </td> <td>5.68 </td> <td>2.19 </td> <td>9.21 </td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thr (T) </td> <td>Threonine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="蘇氨酸">蘇氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Threonin_-_Threonine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="蘇氨酸 Threonine"><img alt="蘇氨酸 Threonine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Threonin_-_Threonine.svg/80px-Threonin_-_Threonine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Threonin_-_Threonine.svg/120px-Threonin_-_Threonine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Threonin_-_Threonine.svg/160px-Threonin_-_Threonine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>-0.7 </td> <td> </td> <td>119.12 </td> <td>5.60 </td> <td>2.09 </td> <td>9.10 </td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cys (C) </td> <td>Cysteine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="半胱氨酸">半胱氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cystein_-_Cysteine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="半胱氨酸 Cysteine"><img alt="半胱氨酸 Cysteine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cystein_-_Cysteine.svg/80px-Cystein_-_Cysteine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cystein_-_Cysteine.svg/120px-Cystein_-_Cysteine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cystein_-_Cysteine.svg/160px-Cystein_-_Cysteine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="186" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td> <td>冇極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>250 </td> <td>121.16 </td> <td>5.05 </td> <td>1.92 </td> <td>10.70 </td> <td>8.37 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pro (P) </td> <td>Proline </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%AF%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="脯氨酸">脯氨酸</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prolin_-_Proline.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="脯氨酸 Proline"><img alt="脯氨酸 Proline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Prolin_-_Proline.svg/80px-Prolin_-_Proline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Prolin_-_Proline.svg/120px-Prolin_-_Proline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Prolin_-_Proline.svg/160px-Prolin_-_Proline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </td> <td>冇極性 </td> <td>中性 </td> <td>-1.6 </td> <td> </td> <td>115.13 </td> <td>6.30 </td> <td>1.95 </td> <td>10.64 </td> <td>* </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>電離唔到</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參照"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E7.85.A7"></span>參照</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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.pin1ming4+.syu1ming4,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4+.pin1ming4,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4+.syu1ming4,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4+.zyun1ming4{margin-left:0.0833em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.05em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .hai2zeoi3tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .hai2zeoi3tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0.14em 0 0.05em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0.14em 0 0)}.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf?"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf#"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF?"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF#"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf#"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF#"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1{width:unset;font-size:unset}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.zi6:after{overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0.14em 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.5em)}.mw-parser-output .fan1gaak3+.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.1em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{position:absolute;align-self:baseline;margin-left:-1em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after{padding-top:1em;content:"﹋"}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after{content:"︳";transform-origin:bottom left;transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.35em)}.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFVauquelin_LN,_Robiquet_PJ1806" class="citation journal cs1">Vauquelin LN, Robiquet PJ (1806). "The discovery of a new plant principle in Asparagus sativus". <i>Annales de Chimie</i>. <b>57</b>: 88–93.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+de+Chimie&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+a+new+plant+principle+in+Asparagus+sativus&rft.volume=57&rft.pages=88-93&rft.date=1806&rft.au=Vauquelin+LN%2C+Robiquet+PJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anfinsen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Anfinsen_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Anfinsen_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFAnfinsen_CB,_Edsall_JT,_Richards_FM1972" class="citation book cs1">Anfinsen CB, Edsall JT, Richards FM (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/advancesinprotei26anfi"><i>Advances in Protein Chemistry</i></a>. New York: Academic Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/advancesinprotei26anfi/page/99">99</a>, 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-12-034226-6" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-12-034226-6"><bdi>978-0-12-034226-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Protein+Chemistry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=99%2C+103&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-12-034226-6&rft.au=Anfinsen+CB%2C+Edsall+JT%2C+Richards+FM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadvancesinprotei26anfi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E5%90%8D%E5%96%AE" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFWollaston_WH1810" class="citation journal cs1">Wollaston WH (1810). "On cystic oxide, a new species of urinary calculus". <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>100</b> (0): 223–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1810.0015">10.1098/rstl.1810.0015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=On+cystic+oxide%2C+a+new+species+of+urinary+calculus&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=0&rft.pages=223-30&rft.date=1810&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1810.0015&rft.au=Wollaston+WH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBaumann_E1884" class="citation journal cs1">Baumann E (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/library/data/lit16533">"Über cystin und cystein"</a>. <i>Z Physiol Chemie</i>. <b>8</b> (4): 299–305. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110314075450/http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/library/data/lit16533">歸檔</a>喺2011年3月14號<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2011搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Z+Physiol+Chemie&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+cystin+und+cystein&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=299-305&rft.date=1884&rft.au=Baumann+E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de%2Flibrary%2Fdata%2Flit16533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBraconnot_HM1820" class="citation journal cs1">Braconnot HM (1820). "Sur la conversion des matières animales en nouvelles substances par le moyen de l'acide sulfurique". <i>Ann Chim Phys Ser 2</i>. <b>13</b>: 113–25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ann+Chim+Phys+Ser+2&rft.atitle=Sur+la+conversion+des+mati%C3%A8res+animales+en+nouvelles+substances+par+le+moyen+de+l%27acide+sulfurique&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=113-25&rft.date=1820&rft.au=Braconnot+HM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020154535/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=amino">"etymonline.com entry for <i>amino</i>"</a>. www.etymonline.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=amino">原著</a>喺2012年10月20號歸檔<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2010搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=etymonline.com+entry+for+amino&rft.pub=www.etymonline.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Damino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_S._Fruton1990" class="citation book cs1">Joseph S. Fruton (1990). "Chapter 5- Emil Fischer and Franz Hofmeister". <i>Contrasts in Scientific Style: Research Groups in the Chemical and Biochemical Sciences,</i>.第191卷. American Philosophical Society. pp. 163–165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/0-87169-191-4" title="Special:書本來源/0-87169-191-4"><bdi>0-87169-191-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+5-+Emil+Fischer+and+Franz+Hofmeister&rft.btitle=Contrasts+in+Scientific+Style%3A+Research+Groups+in+the+Chemical+and+Biochemical+Sciences%2C&rft.pages=163-165&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-87169-191-4&rft.au=Joseph+S.+Fruton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="生物學" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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style="background:#90EE90;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生物學" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學">生物學</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div id="研究「生命」依種特性嘅科學，而專做依啲研究嘅人就係生物學家">研究「<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a>」依種特性嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="科學">科學</a>，而專做依啲研究嘅人就係<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="生物學家">生物學家</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">基礎概念</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="科學哲學">科學哲學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學哲學">生物學哲學</a>）同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="科學方法">科學方法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="理論生物學">生物學理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="實驗生物學">生物學實驗</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E9%AB%94%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="活體實驗">In vivo</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A6%E7%AE%A1%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="試管實驗">In vitro</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%90%86%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="數理生物學">數理生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="運算生物學">運算生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="生物統計學">生物統計學</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg/150px-Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg/225px-Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg/300px-Twemoji12_1f9ec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">重要特徵</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E5%86%85%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="體内平衡">體内平衡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%99%B3%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" title="新陳代謝">新陳代謝</a></li> <li>識得<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="生物發育">發育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96" class="mw-redirect" title="繁殖">繁殖</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%80%A7%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96" title="有性繁殖">有性繁殖</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89" title="適應">適應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="結構">結構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A0%E7%86%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="負熵">負熵</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞">細胞</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A6%88%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="真覈細胞">真覈細胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%9B%E6%95%B8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="減數分裂">減數</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%B5%B2%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="有絲分裂">有絲</a>分裂</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="單細胞生物">單細胞</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="多細胞生物">多細胞</a>生物</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%9F%B9%E9%A4%8A" title="細胞培養">細胞培養</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="細胞理論">細胞理論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="呼吸作用">呼吸作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHNOPS" title="CHNOPS">CHNOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%94%9F%E6%BA%90%E8%AB%96" title="無生源論">無生源論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="外星生物">外星生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="碳生命">碳生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB" title="死">死亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="生命系統">生命系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="人工生命">人工生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F%E8%AB%96" title="還原論">還原論</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E7%99%BC" title="創發">創發</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">重要學說</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="遺傳學">遺傳學</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DNA_%E6%B8%AC%E5%BA%8F" title="DNA 測序">DNA 測序</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3" title="遺傳">遺傳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%8D" title="鹼基對">鹼基對</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="基因">基因</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E4%BD%8D%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="等位基因">等位基因</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E9%AB%94" title="染色體">染色體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%B5%84" title="基因組">基因組</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7" title="性">性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="基因多樣性">基因多樣性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A7%80%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="表觀遺傳學">表觀遺傳學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="進化">進化論</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%AB%B6%E5%A4%A9%E6%93%87" title="物競天擇">物競天擇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%AA%81%E8%AE%8A" title="基因突變">基因突變</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B5%81%E5%8B%95" title="基因流動">基因流動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%BC%82%E8%AE%8A" title="基因漂變">基因漂變</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" title="物種概念">物種概念</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物種形成">物種形成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96%E5%98%85%E8%AD%89%E6%93%9A" title="進化論嘅證據">進化論嘅證據</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="最終共同祖先">LUCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="進化生物學">進化生物學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="生態學">生態學</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="生態系統">生態系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="生物質">生物質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4%E7%B3%BB" title="生物群系">生物群系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%B2%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0" title="棲息地">棲息地</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E4%BD%8D" title="生態位">生態位</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E9%96%93%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="種間關係">種間關係</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B5" title="熵">熵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="生物地球化學循環">生物地球化學循環</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="生態保育">生態保育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="生物化學">生物化學</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有機化合物">有機化合物</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">氨基酸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%A3" title="醣">碳水化合物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82" title="脂">脂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="核酸">核酸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%99%B3%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" title="新陳代謝">新陳代謝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="酵素">酵素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E9%AB%94" title="單體">單體</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="聚合物">聚合物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="營養作用">營養作用</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E5%B1%A4" title="生物分層">生物分層</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="生態系統">生態系統</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4%E8%90%BD" title="生物群落">生物群落</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4" title="種群">種群</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="器官">器官</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="生物組織">組織</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞">細胞</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%83%9E%E5%99%A8" title="細胞胞器">胞器</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">生物<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%8C" title="界">大</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F" title="域">類</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="生物分類學">生物分類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="病毒">病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8F%8C" title="古菌">古菌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C" title="細菌">細菌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物">真核生物</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="原生生物">原生生物</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C" title="真菌">真菌</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="動物">動物</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">拉雜領域</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="古生物學">古生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="保育生物學">保育生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="微生物學">微生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="病理學">病理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%97%85%E5%AD%B8" title="流行病學">流行病學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="海洋生物學">海洋生物學</a></li> <li>微層面（<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="分子生物學">分子生物學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="細胞生物學">細胞生物學</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">組織層面</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8" title="解剖學">解剖學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="生理學">生理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="免疫學">免疫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="神經科學">神經科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="發育生物學">發育生物學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="進化發育生物學">進化發育生物學</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">按物種分</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="真菌學">真菌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="植物學">植物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="動物學">動物學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E5%AD%B8" title="動物行為學">動物行為學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E8%9F%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="昆蟲學">昆蟲學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AC%E8%9F%B2%E5%85%A9%E6%A3%B2%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="爬蟲兩棲類學">爬蟲兩棲類學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="鳥類學">鳥類學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="哺乳類學">哺乳類學</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="細菌學">細菌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E5%AD%B8" title="病毒學">病毒學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">跨領域</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="生物物理學">生物物理學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="生物力學">生物力學</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="化學生物學">化學生物學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="量子生物學">量子生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="天體生物學">天體生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="生物地理學">生物地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="毒理學">毒理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="生物資訊科學">生物資訊科學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">睇埋</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="生物學史">生物學史</a></li> <li><a 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