CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Suriname - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"de0ef8d2-f104-430e-888a-d8bd8882787a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Suriname","wgTitle":"Suriname","wgCurRevisionId":1259231123,"wgRevisionId":1259231123,"wgArticleId":26828,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1: long volume value","CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)","CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with Indonesian-language sources (id)","Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl)","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from November 2018","Articles containing Dutch-language text","Articles containing Latin-language text", "Pages including recorded pronunciations","Pages with Dutch IPA","Pages with Sranan Tongo IPA","Articles needing additional references from September 2024","All articles needing additional references","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","Pages using Sister project links with default search","Coordinates on Wikidata","1975 establishments in South America","Countries and territories where Dutch is an official language","Countries in South America","Former Dutch colonies","Former English colonies","Member states of the Caribbean Community","Member states of the Dutch Language Union","Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation","Member states of the Union of South American Nations", "Member states of the United Nations","Republics","Small Island Developing States","States and territories established in 1975","Suriname","The Guianas"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Suriname","wgRelevantArticleId":26828,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":4,"lon":-56},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q730","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles": "ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/800px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/640px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Suriname - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Suriname rootpage-Suriname skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Suriname" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Suriname" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Suriname" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Suriname" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abolition_of_slavery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abolition_of_slavery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Abolition of slavery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abolition_of_slavery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decolonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decolonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Decolonization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decolonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980_military_coup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980_military_coup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1980 military coup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980_military_coup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_war,_elections,_and_constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_war,_elections,_and_constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Civil war, elections, and constitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_war,_elections,_and_constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Borders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Borders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Biodiversity and conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Emigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Largest_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Largest cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>National holidays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Year's_Eve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Year's_Eve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>New Year's Eve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Year's_Eve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Suriname</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 234 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-234" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">234 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B1%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%93%E1%88%9D" title="ሱሪናም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሱሪናም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="सूरीनाम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सूरीनाम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سورينام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سورينام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="सूरिनाम – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="सूरिनाम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surin%C3%A3" title="Surinã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Surinã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سورینام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سورینام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="সুরিনাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুরিনাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Сурынам – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сурынам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Сурынам – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сурынам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="सूरीनाम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सूरीनाम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="སུ་རི་ནེམ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སུ་རི་ནེམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swrinam" title="Swrinam – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Swrinam" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سورينام – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سورينام" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinaem" title="Surinaem – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Surinaem" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%B0" title="ސުރިނާމް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސުރިނާމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%CA%BCa%CA%BCaahj%C3%AD_T%C3%B3%C5%82%C3%A1n%C3%ADinii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Haʼaʼaahjí Tółáníinii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Haʼaʼaahjí Tółáníinii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="सूरीनाम – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="सूरीनाम" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BC" title="Σουρινάμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σουρινάμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamo" title="Surinamo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Surinamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سورینام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سورینام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suranam" title="Suranam – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Suranam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Toorinam" title="Yn Toorinam – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Toorinam" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suranam" title="Suranam – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Suranam" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE" title="સુરીનામ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સુરીનામ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍃𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="सूरीनाम – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="सूरीनाम" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A6%AC%EB%82%A8" title="수리남 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수리남" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suliname" title="Suliname – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Suliname" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Սուրինամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուրինամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="सूरीनाम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सूरीनाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamska" title="Surinamska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Surinamska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="সুরিনাম – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="সুরিনাম" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAr%C3%ADnam" title="Súrínam – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Súrínam" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9D" title="סורינאם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סורינאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸುರಿನಾಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸುರಿನಾಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სურინამი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სურინამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamu" title="Surinamu – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Surinamu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirinam" title="Sirinam – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sirinam" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sourinanm" title="Sourinanm – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Sourinanm" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BBr%C3%AEnam" title="Sûrînam – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sûrînam" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ປະເທດຊູຣິນາມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຊູຣິນາມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinams" title="Surinams – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Surinams" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamia" title="Surinamia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Surinamia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinama" title="Surinama – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Surinama" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamas" title="Surinamas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Surinamas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/surinam" title="surinam – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="surinam" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="सूरीनाम – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सूरीनाम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorinama" title="Sorinama – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sorinama" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82" title="സുരിനാം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സുരിനാം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurin%C4%81me" title="Hurināme – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hurināme" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="सुरिनाम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सुरिनाम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სურინამი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სურინამი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سورينام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سورينام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سورینام – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سورینام" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6" title="ꯁꯨꯔꯤꯅꯥꯃꯦ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯨꯔꯤꯅꯥꯃꯦ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဆူရာနမ်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆူရာနမ်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="सुरिनाम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सुरिनाम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="सुरिनाम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सुरिनाम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8A%E3%83%A0" title="スリナム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スリナム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurinam" title="Suurinam – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Suurinam" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriinaam" title="Suriinaam – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Suriinaam" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਸੂਰੀਨਾਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੂਰੀਨਾਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="सुरिनाम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="सुरिनाम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سورینام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سورینام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCrnam" title="Sürnam – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Sürnam" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سورینام – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سورینام" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱥᱩᱨᱤᱱᱟᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱩᱨᱤᱱᱟᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinami" title="Surinami – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Surinami" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinami" title="Surinami – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Surinami" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA" title="සුරිනාමය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සුරිනාමය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سورينام – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سورينام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سورینام – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سورینام" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sranankondre" title="Sranankondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Sranankondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சுரிநாம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுரிநாம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%99%E1%82%84%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းသျူးရီးၼႃႇမႄႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းသျူးရီးၼႃႇမႄႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" title="సురినామ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సురినామ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="ประเทศซูรินาม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศซูรินาม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B1%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%93%E1%88%9D" title="ሱሪናም – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሱሪናም" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suliname" title="Suliname – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Suliname" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Суринам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суринам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سرینام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سرینام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سۇرىنام – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۇرىنام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surin%C3%A4n" title="Surinän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Surinän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%97" title="蘇利南 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="蘇利南" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinaam" title="Surinaam – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Surinaam" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97" title="苏里南 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="苏里南" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9D" title="סורינאם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סורינאם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B9r%C3%ACn%C3%A1m%C3%B9" title="Sùrìnámù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sùrìnámù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97" title="蘇里南 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蘇里南" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinaome" title="Surinaome – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Surinaome" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sor%C4%97nams" title="Sorėnams – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sorėnams" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%97" title="蘇利南 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蘇利南" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Suriname" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Surinam" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q730#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Suriname" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Suriname"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Suriname"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Suriname" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Suriname" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&oldid=1259231123" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Suriname&id=1259231123&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSuriname"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSuriname"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Suriname&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Suriname" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Suriname" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Suriname" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q730" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Suriname&params=4_N_56_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">4°N</span> <span class="longitude">56°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4°N 56°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">4; -56</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in South America</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Suriname_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Suriname (disambiguation)">Suriname (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Surname</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Suriname</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Republiek Suriname</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Suriname.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Suriname"><img alt="Flag of Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/125px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/188px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/250px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Suriname" title="Flag of Suriname">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Suriname"><img alt="Coat of arms of Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="559" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname" title="Coat of arms of Suriname"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Justitia" class="mw-redirect" title="Justitia">Justitia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pietas" title="Pietas">Pietas</a> – <a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Fides</a></i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><br /><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Gerechtigheid – Vroomheid – Vertrouwen</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)</span><br />"Justice – Piety – Trust"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/God_zij_met_ons_Suriname" title="God zij met ons Suriname">God zij met ons Suriname</a></i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(Dutch)</span><br />"God be with our Suriname"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="54" data-mwtitle="Surinamese_national_anthem,_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Surinamese_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg/Surinamese_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Surinamese_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASurinamese_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASurinamese_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASurinamese_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands ‪(nl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASurinamese_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASurinamese_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg&lang=srn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="srn" label="Sranantongo ‪(srn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASurinamese_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SURINAME_orthographic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Land controlled by Suriname shown in dark green; claimed land shown in light green."><img alt="Land controlled by Suriname shown in dark green; claimed land shown in light green." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/SURINAME_orthographic.svg/250px-SURINAME_orthographic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/SURINAME_orthographic.svg/375px-SURINAME_orthographic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/SURINAME_orthographic.svg/500px-SURINAME_orthographic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Land controlled by Suriname shown in dark green; <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Suriname" title="Borders of Suriname">claimed land</a> shown in light green.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Suriname&params=5_50_N_55_10_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°50′N</span> <span class="longitude">55°10′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.833°N 55.167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5.833; -55.167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_Dutch" title="Surinamese Dutch">Dutch</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="ib-country-lang">Recognised regional languages</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal"><div>8 <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_South_America" title="Indigenous languages of South America">indigenous languages</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akurio_language" title="Akurio language">Akurio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arawak_language" title="Arawak language">Arawak-Lokono</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Carib_language" title="Carib language">Carib-Kari'nja</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sikiana_language" title="Sikiana language">Sikiana-Kashuyana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tiriy%C3%B3_language" title="Tiriyó language">Tiro-Tiriyó</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Waiwai_language" title="Waiwai language">Waiwai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Warao_language" title="Warao language">Warao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wayana_language" title="Wayana language">Wayana</a></li></ul></div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">Lingua franca</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_Dutch" title="Surinamese Dutch">Dutch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sranan_Tongo" title="Sranan Tongo">Sranan Tongo</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div>15 languages</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sranan_Tongo" title="Sranan Tongo">Sranan Tongo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sarnami_Hindustani" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarnami Hindustani">Sarnami Hindustani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language#Surinamese-Javanese" title="Javanese language">Surinamese-Javanese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ndyuka_language" title="Ndyuka language">Ndyuka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Saramaccan_language" title="Saramaccan language">Saramaccan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Matawai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Matawai language">Matawai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Aluku_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluku language">Aluku</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paramaccan_people#Language" title="Paramaccan people">Paramaccan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kwinti_language" title="Kwinti language">Kwinti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Arabic" title="Lebanese Arabic">Lebanese Arabic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li></ul></div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Census_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-statistics-suriname1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistics-suriname1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Definitieve_Resultaten_Vol_I_Etni_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Definitieve_Resultaten_Vol_I_Etni-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">27.4% <a href="/wiki/Indo-Surinamese" title="Indo-Surinamese">Indian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21.7% <a href="/wiki/Surinamese_Maroons" title="Surinamese Maroons">Maroon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15.7% <a href="/wiki/Afro-Surinamese" title="Afro-Surinamese">Creole</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13.7% <a href="/wiki/Javanese_Surinamese" title="Javanese Surinamese">Javanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13.4% <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">Multiracial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> 3.8% <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Suriname" title="Indigenous peoples in Suriname">Indigenous</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1.5% <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Surinamese" title="Chinese Surinamese">Chinese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> 0.3% <a href="/wiki/White_Surinamese" title="White Surinamese">European</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> 1.9% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Suriname">Others</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-CENSUS2012_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CENSUS2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">48.4% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">26.75 <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></span></li> <li>21.65% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Suriname" title="Catholic Church in Suriname">Roman Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">22.3% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Suriname" title="Hinduism in Suriname">Hinduism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">17.97% <a href="/wiki/San%C4%81tan%C4%AB#Sanātanī_as_a_denomination" title="Sanātanī">Sanātanī</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">3.08% <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Suriname" title="Arya Samaj in Suriname">Arya Samaj</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1.23% <a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Other Hindu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13.9% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Suriname" title="Islam in Suriname">Islam</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">3.91% <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2.61% <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">7.34% <a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Other Muslim</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1.8% <a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">0.8% <a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">0.03% <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Suriname" title="History of the Jews in Suriname">Judaism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">7.52% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Irreligion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2.04% Not stated</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1.11% Don't know</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">0.85% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Suriname" title="Religion in Suriname">Others</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_people" title="Surinamese people">Surinamese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Suriname" title="Politics of Suriname">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Assembly-independent_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly-independent republic">assembly-independent republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Suriname" title="President of Suriname">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Chan Santokhi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Suriname" title="Vice President of Suriname">Vice President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Brunswijk" title="Ronnie Brunswijk">Ronnie Brunswijk</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Suriname" title="List of chairmen of the National Assembly of Suriname">National Assembly Chairman</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marinus_Bee" title="Marinus Bee">Marinus Bee</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Suriname" title="High Court of Justice of Suriname">High Court of Justice President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Iwan Rasoelbaks <i>(acting)</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Suriname)" title="National Assembly (Suriname)">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">Independence</a> <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 December 1954</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of Suriname">Independence</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 November 1975</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Suriname" title="Geography of Suriname">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">163,820<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Factbook-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-statistics-suriname1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistics-suriname1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Definitieve_Resultaten_Vol_I_Etni_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Definitieve_Resultaten_Vol_I_Etni-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (63,250 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">90th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.1</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Suriname" title="Demographics of Suriname">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2022 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">632,638<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Factbook-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Suriname_country_profile_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suriname_country_profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">170th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3.9/km<sup>2</sup> (10.1/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">231st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $11.435 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.SR_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.SR-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">160th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $18,311<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.SR_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.SR-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">91st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $3.539 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.SR_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.SR-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">173rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $5,667<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.SR_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.SR-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">106th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.690<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">medium</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">124th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_dollar" title="Surinamese dollar">Surinamese dollar</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">SRD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>-3</span> (SRT)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Suriname" title="Telephone numbers in Suriname">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B597" class="mw-redirect" title="+597">+597</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:SR" title="ISO 3166-2:SR">SR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.sr" title=".sr">.sr</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Suriname</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c4\/En-us-Suriname.ogg\/En-us-Suriname.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Suriname.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/En-us-Suriname.ogg/En-us-Suriname.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Suriname.ogg" title="File:En-us-Suriname.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SOOR</span>-in-<span style="font-size:90%">A(H)M</span></i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Dutch:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[syːriˈnaːmə]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/70\/Nl-Suriname.ogg\/Nl-Suriname.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-Suriname.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/Nl-Suriname.ogg/Nl-Suriname.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-Suriname.ogg" title="File:Nl-Suriname.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Sranan Tongo:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="srn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[sraˈnãŋ]</a></span>), officially the <b>Republic of Suriname</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Republiek Suriname</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[reːpyˈblik<span class="wrap"> </span>syːriˈnaːmə]</a></span>), is a country in northern <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, sometimes considered part of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>. Suriname is a <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing country</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">medium level of human development</a>; its <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Suriname" title="Economy of Suriname">economy</a> is heavily dependent on its abundant natural resources, namely <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural products</a>. Suriname is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community</a> (CARICOM), the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>. </p><p>Situated <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">slightly north of the equator</a>, over 90% of its territory is covered by <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforests</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_forest_area_(percentage)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by forest area (percentage)">the highest proportion of forest cover in the world</a>. <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Suriname" title="Borders of Suriname">Suriname is bordered</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> to the south. It is <a href="/wiki/List_of_South_American_countries_by_area" title="List of South American countries by area">the smallest country in South America</a> by both population and territory,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with around 612,985 inhabitants in an area of approximately 163,820 square kilometers (63,251 square miles).<sup id="cite_ref-Suriname_country_profile_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suriname_country_profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a>, which is home to roughly half the population. </p><p>Suriname was inhabited as early as the fourth millennium BC by various <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous peoples</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Caribs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wayana" title="Wayana">Wayana</a>. Europeans arrived and contested the area in the 16th century, with the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch</a> controlling much of the country's current territory by the late 17th century. Under <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Surinam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Surinam">Dutch rule</a>, Suriname was a lucrative <a href="/wiki/Plantation_economy" title="Plantation economy">plantation colony</a> focused mostly on <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>; its economy was driven by <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">African slave labour</a> until the abolition of slavery in 1863, after which <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">indentured servants</a> were recruited mostly from <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>. In 1954, Suriname became a <a href="/wiki/Constituent_country_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands">constituent country</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>. On 25 November 1975, it became <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independent</a> following negotiations with the Dutch government. Suriname continues to maintain close diplomatic, economic, and cultural ties with the Netherlands. </p><p>Suriname's culture and society strongly reflect the legacy of Dutch colonial rule. It is the only sovereign nation outside Europe where <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> is the official and prevailing language of government, business, media, and education;<sup id="cite_ref-cia_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an estimated 60% of the population speaks Dutch as a native language.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sranan_Tongo" title="Sranan Tongo">Sranan Tongo</a>, an English-based <a href="/wiki/English_creole" class="mw-redirect" title="English creole">creole language</a>, is a widely used <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a></i>. Most Surinamese are descendants of slaves and indentured labourers brought from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> by the Dutch. Suriname is highly diverse, with no ethnic group forming a majority; proportionally, its Muslim and Hindu populations are some of the largest in the Americas. Most people live along the northern coast, centered around Paramaribo, making Suriname <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">one of the least densely populated countries on Earth</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Suriname</i> may derive from an indigenous people called <i>Surinen</i>, who inhabited the area at the time of European contact.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suffix -ame, common in Surinamese river and place names (see also the <a href="/wiki/Coppename_River" title="Coppename River">Coppename River</a>), may come from <i>aima</i> or <i>eima</i>, meaning river or creek mouth, in <a href="/wiki/Lokono_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokono language">Lokono</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Arawak_language" title="Arawak language">Arawak language</a> spoken in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest European sources give variants of "Suriname" as the name of the <a href="/wiki/Suriname_River" title="Suriname River">river</a> on which colonies were eventually founded. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kemys" title="Lawrence Kemys">Lawrence Kemys</a> wrote in his <i>Relation of the Second Voyage to Guiana</i> of passing a river called "<i>Shurinama</i>" as he travelled along the coast. In 1598, a fleet of three Dutch ships visiting the Wild Coast mention passing the river "<i>Surinamo</i>". In 1617, a Dutch notary spelled the name of the river on which a Dutch trading post had existed three years earlier as "<i>Surrenant</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-De_Naam_Suriname_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Naam_Suriname-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British settlers, who in 1630 founded the first European colony at Marshall's Creek along the Suriname River, spelled the name "<i>Surinam</i>"; this would long remain the standard spelling in English.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch navigator <a href="/wiki/David_Pietersz._de_Vries" title="David Pietersz. de Vries">David Pietersz. de Vries</a> wrote of travelling up the "<i>Sername</i>" river in 1634 until he encountered the English colony there; the terminal vowel remained in future Dutch spellings and pronunciations. The river was called <i>Soronama</i> in a 1640 Spanish manuscript entitled "General Description of All His Majesty's Dominions in America". In 1653, instructions given to a British fleet sailing to meet <a href="/wiki/Francis_Willoughby,_5th_Baron_Willoughby_of_Parham" title="Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham">Lord Willoughby</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, which at the time was the seat of English colonial government in the region, again spelled the name of the colony <i>Surinam</i>. A 1663 royal charter said the region around the river was "called Serrinam also Surrinam".<sup id="cite_ref-De_Naam_Suriname_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Naam_Suriname-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the <i>Surrinam</i> spelling, 19th-century British sources offered the folk etymology <i>Surryham</i>, saying it was the name given to the Suriname River by Lord Willoughby in the 1660s in honour of the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_5th_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk">Duke of Norfolk and Earl of Surrey</a> when an English <a href="/wiki/Surinam_(English_colony)" title="Surinam (English colony)">colony</a> was established under a grant from King <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-De_Naam_Suriname_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Naam_Suriname-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This folk etymology can be found repeated in later English-language sources.<sup id="cite_ref-International_Boundaries:_A_Case_Study_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Boundaries:_A_Case_Study-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-United_Services_Magazine_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_Services_Magazine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the territory was taken over by the Dutch, it became part of a group of colonies known as <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonisation_of_the_Guianas" title="Dutch colonisation of the Guianas">Dutch Guiana</a>. The official spelling of the country's English name was changed from "Surinam" to "Suriname" in January 1978, but "Surinam" can still be found in English, such as <a href="/wiki/Surinam_Airways" title="Surinam Airways">Surinam Airways</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Surinam_toad" class="mw-redirect" title="Surinam toad">Surinam toad</a>. The older English name is reflected in the English pronunciation, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/sj/: 's' in 'consume'">sj</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, the official language of Suriname, the pronunciation is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˌsyːriˈnaːmə]</a></span>, with a <a href="/wiki/Schwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwa">schwa</a> terminal vowel and the main stress on the third syllable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Suriname" title="History of Suriname">History of Suriname</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maroon_village,_Suriname_River,_1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Maroon_village%2C_Suriname_River%2C_1955.jpg/220px-Maroon_village%2C_Suriname_River%2C_1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Maroon_village%2C_Suriname_River%2C_1955.jpg/330px-Maroon_village%2C_Suriname_River%2C_1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Maroon_village%2C_Suriname_River%2C_1955.jpg/440px-Maroon_village%2C_Suriname_River%2C_1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Maroon village, along <a href="/wiki/Suriname_River" title="Suriname River">Suriname River</a>, 1955</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Suriname" title="Special:EditPage/Suriname">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Indigenous settlement of Suriname dates back to 3,000 BC. The largest tribes were the <a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a>, a nomadic coastal tribe that lived from hunting and fishing. They were the first inhabitants in the area. The <a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Carib</a> also settled in the area and conquered the Arawak by using their superior sailing ships. They settled in Galibi (<i>Kupali Yumï</i>, meaning "tree of the forefathers") at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Marowijne_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Marowijne River">Marowijne River</a>. While the larger Arawak and Carib tribes lived along the coast and savanna, smaller groups of indigenous people lived in the inland rainforest, such as the <a href="/wiki/Akurio_people" title="Akurio people">Akurio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiriy%C3%B3_people" title="Tiriyó people">Trió</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warao_people" title="Warao people">Warao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wayana" title="Wayana">Wayana</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period">Colonial period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colonial period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Surinam_(English_colony)" title="Surinam (English colony)">Surinam (English colony)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam (Dutch colony)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Surinam_north-Benj004ency01ill_stitched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Surinam_north-Benj004ency01ill_stitched.jpg/220px-Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Surinam_north-Benj004ency01ill_stitched.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Surinam_north-Benj004ency01ill_stitched.jpg/330px-Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Surinam_north-Benj004ency01ill_stitched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Surinam_north-Benj004ency01ill_stitched.jpg/440px-Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Surinam_north-Benj004ency01ill_stitched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3987" data-file-height="5378" /></a><figcaption>Suriname in 1914</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidentieel_Paleis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Presidentieel_Paleis.jpg/220px-Presidentieel_Paleis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Presidentieel_Paleis.jpg/330px-Presidentieel_Paleis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Presidentieel_Paleis.jpg/440px-Presidentieel_Paleis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3839" data-file-height="2024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace_of_Suriname" title="Presidential Palace of Suriname">Presidential Palace of Suriname</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning in the 16th century, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> explorers visited the area. A century later, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> settlers established <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantation</a> colonies along the many rivers in the fertile Guiana plains. The earliest documented colony in <a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">Guiana</a> was an English settlement named Marshall's Creek along the Suriname River.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that, there was another short-lived English colony called <a href="/wiki/Surinam_(English_colony)" title="Surinam (English colony)">Surinam</a> that lasted from 1650 to 1667. </p><p>Disputes arose between the Dutch and the English for control of this territory. In 1667, during negotiations leading to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Breda_(1667)" title="Treaty of Breda (1667)">Treaty of Breda</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Second Anglo-Dutch War">Second Anglo-Dutch War</a>, the Dutch decided to keep the nascent plantation colony of Surinam they had gained from the English. In return the English kept <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>, the main city of the former colony of <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> in North America on the mid-Atlantic coast. The British renamed it <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a> who would later become King <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1683, the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Suriname" title="Society of Suriname">Society of Suriname</a> was founded by the city of <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_van_Aerssen_van_Sommelsdijck" title="Cornelis van Aerssen van Sommelsdijck">Van Aerssen van Sommelsdijck</a> family, and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a>. The society was chartered to manage and defend the colony. The planters of the colony relied heavily on <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Africa" title="Slavery in Africa">African slaves</a> to cultivate, harvest and process the commodity crops of coffee, cocoa, sugar cane and cotton plantations along the rivers. Planters' treatment of the slaves was notoriously brutal even by the standards of the time<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—historian <a href="/wiki/C._R._Boxer" title="C. R. Boxer">C. R. Boxer</a> wrote that "man's inhumanity to man just about reached its limits in Surinam"<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—and many slaves escaped the plantations. In November 1795, the Society was nationalized by the <a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Batavian Republic</a> and from then on the Batavian Republic and its legal successors (the Kingdom of Holland and the Kingdom of the Netherlands) governed the territory as a national colony – barring two periods of British occupation, between 1799 and 1802, and between 1804 and 1816. </p><p>With the help of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">native South Americans</a> living in the adjoining rain forests, runaway slaves established a new and unique culture in the interior that was highly successful in its own right. They were known collectively in English as <a href="/wiki/Maroon_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroon (people)">Maroons</a>, in French as <i>Nèg'Marrons</i> (literally meaning "brown negroes", that is "pale-skinned negroes"), and in Dutch as <i>Marrons</i>. The Maroons gradually developed several independent tribes through a process of <a href="/wiki/Ethnogenesis" title="Ethnogenesis">ethnogenesis</a>, as they were made up of slaves from different African ethnicities. These tribes include the <a href="/wiki/Saramaka" title="Saramaka">Saramaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramaccan_people" title="Paramaccan people">Paramaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ndyuka_people" title="Ndyuka people">Ndyuka</a> or Aukan, <a href="/wiki/Kwinti" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwinti">Kwinti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluku" title="Aluku">Aluku</a> or Boni, and <a href="/wiki/Matawai_people" title="Matawai people">Matawai</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Water-front_houses_in_Paramaribo,_1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Water-front_houses_in_Paramaribo%2C_1955.jpg/220px-Water-front_houses_in_Paramaribo%2C_1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Water-front_houses_in_Paramaribo%2C_1955.jpg/330px-Water-front_houses_in_Paramaribo%2C_1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Water-front_houses_in_Paramaribo%2C_1955.jpg/440px-Water-front_houses_in_Paramaribo%2C_1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>Waterfront houses in <a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a>, 1955</figcaption></figure> <p>The Maroons often raided plantations to recruit new members from the slaves and capture women, as well as to acquire weapons, food, and supplies. They sometimes killed planters and their families in the raids. Colonists built defenses, which were significant enough that they were shown on 18th-century maps.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The colonists also mounted armed campaigns against the Maroons, who generally escaped through the rainforest, which they knew much better than the colonists did. To end hostilities, in the 18th century, the European colonial authorities signed several peace treaties with different tribes. They granted the Maroons sovereign status and trade rights in their inland territories, giving them autonomy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abolition_of_slavery">Abolition of slavery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Abolition of slavery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Suriname" title="Human rights in Suriname">Human rights in Suriname</a></div> <p>From 1861 to 1863, with the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> underway, and enslaved people escaping to Northern territory controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a>, United States President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidency of Abraham Lincoln">his administration</a> looked abroad for places to relocate people who were freed from <a href="/wiki/Enslavement" class="mw-redirect" title="Enslavement">enslavement</a> and who wanted to leave the United States. It opened negotiations with the Dutch government regarding African American emigration to and colonization of the <a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Dutch colony of Suriname</a>. Nothing came of the idea, which was dropped after 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Netherlands abolished slavery in Suriname in 1863, under a gradual process that required slaves to work on plantations for 10 transition years for minimal pay, which was considered as partial compensation for their masters. After that transition period expired in 1873, most <a href="/wiki/Freedmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedmen">freedmen</a> largely abandoned the plantations where they had worked for several generations in favor of the capital city, <a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a>. Some of them were able to purchase the plantations they worked on, especially in the district of Para and Coronie. Their descendants still live on those grounds today. Several plantation owners did not pay their former enslaved workers the pay they owed them for the ten years following 1863. They paid the workers with the property rights of the ground of the plantation in order to escape their debt to the workers.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Suriname_immigranten_afkomstig_uit_Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB_de_vrouw_rechts_draagt_een_peniti_tak_broche_TMnr_60008927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Suriname_immigranten_afkomstig_uit_Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB_de_vrouw_rechts_draagt_een_peniti_tak_broche_TMnr_60008927.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Suriname_immigranten_afkomstig_uit_Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB_de_vrouw_rechts_draagt_een_peniti_tak_broche_TMnr_60008927.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Suriname_immigranten_afkomstig_uit_Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB_de_vrouw_rechts_draagt_een_peniti_tak_broche_TMnr_60008927.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Suriname_immigranten_afkomstig_uit_Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB_de_vrouw_rechts_draagt_een_peniti_tak_broche_TMnr_60008927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Suriname_immigranten_afkomstig_uit_Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB_de_vrouw_rechts_draagt_een_peniti_tak_broche_TMnr_60008927.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Suriname_immigranten_afkomstig_uit_Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB_de_vrouw_rechts_draagt_een_peniti_tak_broche_TMnr_60008927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> immigrants brought as contract workers from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>. Picture was taken between 1880 and 1900.</figcaption></figure> <p>As a plantation colony, Suriname had an economy dependent on labor-intensive commodity crops. To make up for a shortage of labor, the Dutch recruited and transported contract or <a href="/wiki/Indentured_laborer" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured laborer">indentured laborers</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (modern Indonesia) and India (the latter through an arrangement with the British, who then ruled the area). In addition, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, small numbers of laborers, mostly men, were recruited from China and the Middle East. </p><p>Although Suriname's population remains relatively small, because of this complex colonization and exploitation, it is one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse countries in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decolonization">Decolonization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Decolonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Decolonization_of_the_Americas" title="Decolonization of the Americas">Decolonization of the Americas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suriname_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Suriname in World War II">Suriname in World War II</a></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, on 23 November 1941, under an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_government-in-exile" title="Dutch government-in-exile">Netherlands government-in-exile</a>, the United States sent 2,000 soldiers to Suriname to protect the <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a> mines to support the Allies' war effort.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1942, the Dutch government-in-exile began to review the relations between the Netherlands and its colonies in terms of the post-war period.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1954, Suriname became one of the constituent countries of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a> and the Netherlands. In this construction, the Netherlands retained control of its defense and foreign affairs. In 1974, the local government, led by the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Suriname" title="National Party of Suriname">National Party of Suriname</a> (NPS) (whose membership was largely <a href="/wiki/Creole_peoples" title="Creole peoples">Creole</a>, meaning ethnically African or mixed African-European), started negotiations with the Dutch government leading towards full independence; in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>'s earlier <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">war for independence</a> from the Netherlands, the path toward Suriname's independence had been an initiative of the <a href="/wiki/Den_Uyl_cabinet" title="Den Uyl cabinet">then left-wing Dutch government</a>. Independence was granted on 25 November 1975. A large part of Suriname's economy for the first decade following independence was fueled by foreign aid provided by the Dutch government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence">Independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henck_Arron,_Beatrix,_Johan_Ferrier_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Henck_Arron%2C_Beatrix%2C_Johan_Ferrier_1975.jpg/220px-Henck_Arron%2C_Beatrix%2C_Johan_Ferrier_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Henck_Arron%2C_Beatrix%2C_Johan_Ferrier_1975.jpg/330px-Henck_Arron%2C_Beatrix%2C_Johan_Ferrier_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Henck_Arron%2C_Beatrix%2C_Johan_Ferrier_1975.jpg/440px-Henck_Arron%2C_Beatrix%2C_Johan_Ferrier_1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="2016" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henck_Arron" title="Henck Arron">Henck Arron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Beatrix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johan_Ferrier" title="Johan Ferrier">Johan Ferrier</a> on 25 November 1975</figcaption></figure> <p>The first President of the country was <a href="/wiki/Johan_Ferrier" title="Johan Ferrier">Johan Ferrier</a>, the former governor, with <a href="/wiki/Henck_Arron" title="Henck Arron">Henck Arron</a> (the then leader of the NPS) as Prime Minister. In the years leading up to independence, nearly one-third of the population of Suriname emigrated to the Netherlands, amidst concern that the new country would fare worse under independence than it had as a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Surinamese politics did degenerate into ethnic polarisation and corruption soon after independence, with the NPS using Dutch aid money for partisan purposes. Its leaders were accused of fraud in the <a href="/wiki/1977_Surinamese_general_election" title="1977 Surinamese general election">1977 elections</a>, in which Arron won a further term, and the discontent was such that a large portion of the population fled to the Netherlands, joining the already significant Surinamese community there.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980_military_coup">1980 military coup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1980 military coup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1980_Surinamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Surinamese coup d'état">1980 Surinamese coup d'état</a></div> <p>On 25 February 1980, a <a href="/wiki/1980_Surinamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Surinamese coup d'état">military coup</a> overthrew Arron's government. It was initiated by a group of 16 sergeants, led by <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9si_Bouterse" title="Dési Bouterse">Dési Bouterse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opponents of the military regime attempted counter-coups in April 1980, August 1980, 15 March 1981, and again on 12 March 1982. The first counter attempt was led by <a href="/wiki/Fred_Ormskerk" title="Fred Ormskerk">Fred Ormskerk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Janssen2011_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janssen2011-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the second by <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxist-Leninists</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the third by <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Hawker" title="Wilfred Hawker">Wilfred Hawker</a>, and the fourth by <a href="/wiki/Surendre_Rambocus" title="Surendre Rambocus">Surendre Rambocus</a>. </p><p>Hawker escaped from prison during the fourth counter-coup attempt, but he was captured and summarily executed. Between 2 am and 5 am on 7 December 1982, the military, under Bouterse's leadership, rounded up 13 prominent citizens who had criticized the military dictatorship and held them at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Zeelandia_(Paramaribo)" title="Fort Zeelandia (Paramaribo)">Fort Zeelandia</a> in Paramaribo.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dictatorship had all these men <a href="/wiki/December_murders" title="December murders">executed over the next three days</a>, along with Rambocus and <a href="/wiki/Jiwansingh_Sheombar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiwansingh Sheombar">Jiwansingh Sheombar</a> (who was also involved in the fourth counter-coup attempt). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_war,_elections,_and_constitution"><span id="Civil_war.2C_elections.2C_and_constitution"></span>Civil war, elections, and constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Civil war, elections, and constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The brutal <a href="/wiki/Suriname_Guerrilla_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Suriname Guerrilla War">civil war between the Suriname army and Maroons</a> loyal to rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Brunswijk" title="Ronnie Brunswijk">Ronnie Brunswijk</a>, begun in 1986, continued and its effects further weakened Bouterse's position during the 1990s. Due to the civil war, more than 10,000 Surinamese, mostly Maroons, fled to <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> in the late 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>National elections were held in 1987. The National Assembly adopted a new constitution that allowed Bouterse to remain in charge of the army. Dissatisfied with the government, Bouterse summarily dismissed the ministers in 1990, by telephone.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This event became popularly known as the "Telephone Coup". His power began to wane after the 1991 elections.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, Suriname became the smallest independent South American state to win its first ever Olympic medal as <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Nesty" title="Anthony Nesty">Anthony Nesty</a> won gold in the <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics">100-metre butterfly</a>. </p><p>The first half of 1999 was marked by non-violent <a href="/wiki/1999_Surinamese_protests" title="1999 Surinamese protests">national protests</a> against poor general economic and social conditions. By mid-year, the Netherlands tried Bouterse <i><a href="/wiki/Trial_in_absentia" title="Trial in absentia">in absentia</a></i> on drug-smuggling charges. He was convicted and sentenced to prison but remained in Suriname.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 19 July 2010, Bouterse returned to power when he was elected as the president of Suriname.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before his election in 2010, he, along with 24 others, had been charged with the murders of 15 prominent dissidents in the December murders. However, in 2012, two months before the verdict in the trial, the National Assembly extended its <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a> law and provided Bouterse and the others with amnesty of these charges. He was reelected on 14 July 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Bouterse was convicted by a Surinamese court on 29 November 2019 and given a 20-year sentence for his role in the 1982 killings.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rellen_op_17_februari_2023,_bestorming_DNA.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Rellen_op_17_februari_2023%2C_bestorming_DNA.PNG/220px-Rellen_op_17_februari_2023%2C_bestorming_DNA.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Rellen_op_17_februari_2023%2C_bestorming_DNA.PNG/330px-Rellen_op_17_februari_2023%2C_bestorming_DNA.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Rellen_op_17_februari_2023%2C_bestorming_DNA.PNG/440px-Rellen_op_17_februari_2023%2C_bestorming_DNA.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1918" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption>Protesters stormed the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Suriname)" title="National Assembly (Suriname)">National Assembly</a> building in February 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>After winning the <a href="/wiki/2020_Surinamese_general_election" title="2020 Surinamese general election">2020 elections</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Chan Santokhi</a> was the sole nomination for <a href="/wiki/President_of_Suriname" title="President of Suriname">president of Suriname</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 July, Santokhi was elected president by acclamation in an <a href="/wiki/Uncontested_election" title="Uncontested election">uncontested election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was inaugurated on 16 July in a ceremony without public attendance due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2023, there were heavy protests against rising living costs in the capital Paramaribo. Protesters accused the government of President Chan Santokhi of corruption. They stormed the National Assembly, demanding the government to resign. However, the government condemned the protests.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Suriname" title="Politics of Suriname">Politics of Suriname</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Nationale_Assembl%C3%A9e,_nieuwbouw_(Paramaribo),_2022_-_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/De_Nationale_Assembl%C3%A9e%2C_nieuwbouw_%28Paramaribo%29%2C_2022_-_10.jpg/220px-De_Nationale_Assembl%C3%A9e%2C_nieuwbouw_%28Paramaribo%29%2C_2022_-_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/De_Nationale_Assembl%C3%A9e%2C_nieuwbouw_%28Paramaribo%29%2C_2022_-_10.jpg/330px-De_Nationale_Assembl%C3%A9e%2C_nieuwbouw_%28Paramaribo%29%2C_2022_-_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/De_Nationale_Assembl%C3%A9e%2C_nieuwbouw_%28Paramaribo%29%2C_2022_-_10.jpg/440px-De_Nationale_Assembl%C3%A9e%2C_nieuwbouw_%28Paramaribo%29%2C_2022_-_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Suriname)" title="National Assembly (Suriname)">National Assembly of Suriname</a> reconstructed building</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hof_van_Justitie_(Suriname),_2022_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Hof_van_Justitie_%28Suriname%29%2C_2022_-_2.jpg/220px-Hof_van_Justitie_%28Suriname%29%2C_2022_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Hof_van_Justitie_%28Suriname%29%2C_2022_-_2.jpg/330px-Hof_van_Justitie_%28Suriname%29%2C_2022_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Hof_van_Justitie_%28Suriname%29%2C_2022_-_2.jpg/440px-Hof_van_Justitie_%28Suriname%29%2C_2022_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Court of Justice</figcaption></figure> <p>The Republic of Suriname is a <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democratic</a> republic, based on the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Suriname" title="Constitution of Suriname">Constitution of 1987</a>. The legislative branch of government consists of a 51-member <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Suriname">National Assembly</a>, simultaneously and popularly elected for a five-year term. </p><p>In the elections held on Tuesday 25 May 2010, the <i>Megacombinatie</i> won 23 of the National Assembly seats, followed by <i>Nationale Front</i> with 20 seats. A much smaller number, important for coalition-building, went to the "A-combinatie" and to the <i>Volksalliantie.</i> The parties held negotiations to form coalitions. Elections were held on 25 May 2015, and the National Assembly again elected Dési Bouterse as president.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Suriname" title="President of Suriname">president of Suriname</a> is elected for a five-year term by a two-thirds majority of the National Assembly. If at least two-thirds of the National Assembly cannot agree to vote for one presidential candidate, a People's Assembly is formed from all National Assembly delegates and regional and municipal representatives who were elected by popular vote in the most recent national election. The president may be elected by a majority of the People's Assembly called for the special election. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President@JM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/President%40JM.jpg/220px-President%40JM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/President%40JM.jpg/330px-President%40JM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/President%40JM.jpg/440px-President%40JM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace_of_Suriname" title="Presidential Palace of Suriname">Presidential Palace of Suriname</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As head of government, the president appoints a sixteen-minister cabinet. A vice president is normally elected for a five-year term at the same time as the president, by a simple majority in the National Assembly or People's Assembly. There is no constitutional provision for removal or replacement of the president, except in the case of resignation. </p><p>The judiciary is headed by the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Suriname" title="High Court of Justice of Suriname">High Court of Justice of Suriname</a> (Supreme Court). This court supervises the magistrate courts. Members are appointed for life by the president in consultation with the National Assembly, the State Advisory Council, and the National Order of Private Attorneys. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Suriname" title="Foreign relations of Suriname">Foreign relations of Suriname</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoekstra_visits_Suriname_-_53019637854.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Hoekstra_visits_Suriname_-_53019637854.jpg/220px-Hoekstra_visits_Suriname_-_53019637854.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Hoekstra_visits_Suriname_-_53019637854.jpg/330px-Hoekstra_visits_Suriname_-_53019637854.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Hoekstra_visits_Suriname_-_53019637854.jpg/440px-Hoekstra_visits_Suriname_-_53019637854.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wopke_Hoekstra" title="Wopke Hoekstra">Wopke Hoekstra</a> with the President of Suriname, <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Chan Santokhi</a> on the occasion of <a href="/wiki/Ketikoti" title="Ketikoti">Ketikoti</a> in Paramaribo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Suriname.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Diplomatic_relations_of_Suriname.svg/220px-Diplomatic_relations_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Diplomatic_relations_of_Suriname.svg/330px-Diplomatic_relations_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Diplomatic_relations_of_Suriname.svg/440px-Diplomatic_relations_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Diplomatic relations of Suriname</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to Suriname's Dutch colonial history, Suriname had a long-standing special relationship with the Netherlands. </p><p>In 1999, Dési Bouterse was convicted and sentenced <i>in absentia</i> in the Netherlands to 11 years of imprisonment for drug trafficking. He was the main suspect in the court case concerning the December murders, the 1982 assassination of opponents of military rule in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Zeelandia_(Paramaribo)" title="Fort Zeelandia (Paramaribo)">Fort Zeelandia</a>, Paramaribo. He served as president between 2010 and 2020. These two cases still strain relations between the Netherlands and Suriname.<sup id="cite_ref-minbuza_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-minbuza-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dutch government stated during that time that it would maintain limited contact with the president.<sup id="cite_ref-minbuza_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-minbuza-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bouterse was elected as president of Suriname in 2010. The Netherlands in July 2014 dropped Suriname as a member of its development program.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1991, the United States has maintained positive relations with Suriname. The two countries work together through the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean_Basin_Security_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (page does not exist)">Caribbean Basin Security Initiative</a> (CBSI) and the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Suriname also receives military funding from the U.S. Department of Defense.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suriname has been a member of <a href="/wiki/The_Forum_of_Small_States_(FOSS)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Forum of Small States (FOSS)">The Forum of Small States (FOSS)</a> since the group's founding in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-singaporebook_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singaporebook-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> relations and cooperation with Suriname are carried out both on a bilateral and a regional basis. There are ongoing EU-<a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a> (CELAC) and EU-<a href="/wiki/CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">CARIFORUM</a> dialogues. Suriname is party to the <a href="/wiki/Cotonou_Agreement" title="Cotonou Agreement">Cotonou Agreement</a>, the partnership agreement among the members of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States and the European Union.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Suriname_country_profile_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suriname_country_profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 February 2005, the leaders of <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> and Suriname signed the "Agreement for the deepening of bilateral cooperation between the Government of Barbados and the Government of the Republic of Suriname."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23–24 April 2009, both nations formed a Joint Commission in <a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a>, Suriname, to improve relations and to expand into various areas of cooperation.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They held a second meeting toward this goal on 3–4 March 2011, in Dover, Barbados. Their representatives reviewed issues of agriculture, trade, investment, as well as international transport.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 2000s, Suriname intensified development cooperation with other developing countries. China's South-South cooperation with Suriname has included a number of large-scale infrastructure projects, including port rehabilitation and road construction. Brazil signed agreements to cooperate with Suriname in education, health, agriculture, and energy production.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Suriname">Military of Suriname</a></div> <p>The Armed Forces of Suriname have three branches: the Army, the Air Force, and the Navy. The president of the Republic is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces (<i>Opperbevelhebber van de Strijdkrachten</i>). The president is assisted by the minister of defence. Beneath the president and minister of defence is the commander of the armed forces (<i>Bevelhebber van de Strijdkrachten</i>). The military branches and regional military commands report to the commander. </p><p>After the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Statute of the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Army" title="Royal Netherlands Army">Royal Netherlands Army</a> was entrusted with the defense of Suriname, while the defense of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a> was the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Navy" title="Royal Netherlands Navy">Royal Netherlands Navy</a>. The army set up a separate <i>Troepenmacht in Suriname</i> (Forces in Suriname, TRIS). Upon independence in 1975, this force was turned into the <i>Surinaamse Krijgsmacht</i> (SKM):, Surinamese Armed Forces. After the 1980 overthrow of the government, the SKM was rebranded as the <i>Nationaal Leger</i> (NL), National Army. </p><p>In 1965, the Dutch and Americans used Suriname's Coronie site for multiple Nike Apache <a href="/wiki/Sounding_rocket" title="Sounding rocket">sounding rocket</a> launches.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Suriname" title="Districts of Suriname">Districts of Suriname</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resorts_of_Suriname" title="Resorts of Suriname">Resorts of Suriname</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suriname,_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Districts of Suriname"><img alt="Districts of Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Suriname%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg/225px-Suriname%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Suriname%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg/338px-Suriname%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Suriname%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg/450px-Suriname%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1205" /></a><figcaption>Districts of Suriname</figcaption></figure> <p>The country is divided into ten administrative districts, each headed by a district commissioner appointed by the president, who also has the power of dismissal. Suriname is further subdivided into 62 resorts (ressorten). </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>District </th> <th>Capital </th> <th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Area (%) </th> <th>Population <br /> (2012 census)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Population (%) </th> <th>Pop. dens. (inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickerie_District" title="Nickerie District">Nickerie</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nieuw_Nickerie" title="Nieuw Nickerie">Nieuw Nickerie</a></td> <td align="right">5,353</td> <td align="right">3.3</td> <td align="right">34,233</td> <td align="right">6.3</td> <td align="right">6.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coronie_District" title="Coronie District">Coronie</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Totness,_Suriname" title="Totness, Suriname">Totness</a></td> <td align="right">3,902</td> <td align="right">2.4</td> <td align="right">3,391</td> <td align="right">0.6</td> <td align="right">0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>3</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saramacca_District" title="Saramacca District">Saramacca</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Groningen,_Suriname" title="Groningen, Suriname">Groningen</a></td> <td align="right">3,636</td> <td align="right">2.2</td> <td align="right">17,480</td> <td align="right">3.2</td> <td align="right">4.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>4</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wanica_District" title="Wanica District">Wanica</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lelydorp" title="Lelydorp">Lelydorp</a></td> <td align="right">443</td> <td align="right">0.3</td> <td align="right">118,222</td> <td align="right">21.8</td> <td align="right">266.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>5</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramaribo_District" title="Paramaribo District">Paramaribo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a></td> <td align="right">182</td> <td align="right">0.1</td> <td align="right">240,924</td> <td align="right">44.5</td> <td align="right">1323.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>6</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commewijne_District" title="Commewijne District">Commewijne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nieuw_Amsterdam,_Suriname" title="Nieuw Amsterdam, Suriname">Nieuw-Amsterdam</a></td> <td align="right">2,353</td> <td align="right">1.4</td> <td align="right">31,420</td> <td align="right">5.8</td> <td align="right">13.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>7</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marowijne_District" title="Marowijne District">Marowijne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albina,_Suriname" title="Albina, Suriname">Albina</a></td> <td align="right">4,627</td> <td align="right">2.8</td> <td align="right">18,294</td> <td align="right">3.4</td> <td align="right">4.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>8</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Para_District" title="Para District">Para</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Onverwacht,_Suriname" title="Onverwacht, Suriname">Onverwacht</a></td> <td align="right">5,393</td> <td align="right">3.3</td> <td align="right">24,700</td> <td align="right">4.6</td> <td align="right">4.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>9</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sipaliwini_District" title="Sipaliwini District">Sipaliwini</a></td> <td>none</td> <td align="right">130,567</td> <td align="right">79.7</td> <td align="right">37,065</td> <td align="right">6.8</td> <td align="right">0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>10</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brokopondo_District" title="Brokopondo District">Brokopondo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brokopondo" title="Brokopondo">Brokopondo</a></td> <td align="right">7,364</td> <td align="right">4.5</td> <td align="right">15,909</td> <td align="right">2.9</td> <td align="right">2.2 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td></td> <td><b>SURINAME</b></td> <td><b>Paramaribo</b></td> <td align="right"><b>163,820</b></td> <td align="right"><b>100.0</b></td> <td align="right"><b>541,638</b></td> <td align="right"><b>100.0</b></td> <td align="right"><b>3.3</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Suriname" title="Geography of Suriname">Geography of Suriname</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Brokopondo_Reservoir_(33537723975).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/View_of_Brokopondo_Reservoir_%2833537723975%29.jpg/220px-View_of_Brokopondo_Reservoir_%2833537723975%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/View_of_Brokopondo_Reservoir_%2833537723975%29.jpg/330px-View_of_Brokopondo_Reservoir_%2833537723975%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/View_of_Brokopondo_Reservoir_%2833537723975%29.jpg/440px-View_of_Brokopondo_Reservoir_%2833537723975%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="2752" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brokopondo_Reservoir" title="Brokopondo Reservoir">Brokopondo Reservoir</a> surrounded by tropical rainforest</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morning_fog_(2719242329).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Morning_fog_%282719242329%29.jpg/220px-Morning_fog_%282719242329%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Morning_fog_%282719242329%29.jpg/330px-Morning_fog_%282719242329%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Morning_fog_%282719242329%29.jpg/440px-Morning_fog_%282719242329%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Coppename_River" title="Coppename River">Coppename river</a>, one of many rivers in the interior</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suriname_geology_NL_annot.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Suriname_geology_NL_annot.svg/220px-Suriname_geology_NL_annot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Suriname_geology_NL_annot.svg/330px-Suriname_geology_NL_annot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Suriname_geology_NL_annot.svg/440px-Suriname_geology_NL_annot.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption>Geology of Suriname</figcaption></figure> <p>Suriname is the smallest independent country in South America. Situated on the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Shield" title="Guiana Shield">Guiana Shield</a>, it lies mostly between latitudes <a href="/wiki/1st_parallel_north" title="1st parallel north">1°</a> and <a href="/wiki/6th_parallel_north" title="6th parallel north">6°N</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/54th_meridian_west" title="54th meridian west">54°</a> and <a href="/wiki/58th_meridian_west" title="58th meridian west">58°W</a>. The country can be divided into two main geographic regions. The northern, lowland coastal area (roughly above the line Albina-Paranam-Wageningen) has been cultivated, and most of the population lives here. The southern part consists of tropical <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> and sparsely inhabited <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savanna</a> along the border with Brazil, covering about 80% of Suriname's land surface. </p><p>The two main mountain ranges are the <a href="/wiki/Bakhuys_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakhuys Mountains">Bakhuys Mountains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Van_Asch_Van_Wijck_Mountains" title="Van Asch Van Wijck Mountains">Van Asch Van Wijck Mountains</a>. <a href="/wiki/Julianatop" title="Julianatop">Julianatop</a> is the highest mountain in the country at 1,286 metres (4,219 ft) above sea level. Other mountains include <a href="/wiki/Tafelberg,_Suriname" title="Tafelberg, Suriname">Tafelberg</a> at 1,026 metres (3,366 ft), Mount <a href="/wiki/Kasikasima" title="Kasikasima">Kasikasima</a> at 718 metres (2,356 ft), Goliathberg at 358 metres (1,175 ft) and <a href="/wiki/Voltzberg" title="Voltzberg">Voltzberg</a> at 240 metres (790 ft). </p><p>Suriname contains six terrestrial ecoregions: <a href="/wiki/Guayanan_Highlands_moist_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Guayanan Highlands moist forests">Guayanan Highlands moist forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guianan_moist_forests" title="Guianan moist forests">Guianan moist forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramaribo_swamp_forests" title="Paramaribo swamp forests">Paramaribo swamp forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tepuis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tepuis">Tepuis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guianan_savanna" title="Guianan savanna">Guianan savanna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guianan_mangroves" title="Guianan mangroves">Guianan mangroves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Forest_cover" title="Forest cover">forest cover</a> is 90.2%, the highest of any nation in the world. The country had a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 9.39/10, ranking it fifth globally out of 172 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Borders">Borders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Borders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Suriname" title="Borders of Suriname">Borders of Suriname</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suriname_with_disputed_territories.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Suriname_with_disputed_territories.jpg/220px-Suriname_with_disputed_territories.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Suriname_with_disputed_territories.jpg/330px-Suriname_with_disputed_territories.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Suriname_with_disputed_territories.jpg/440px-Suriname_with_disputed_territories.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Map of Suriname with disputed territories in light green.</figcaption></figure> <p>Suriname is situated between <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> to the east and <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> to the west. The southern border is shared with <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and the northern border is the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> coast. The southernmost borders with French Guiana and Guyana are disputed by these countries along the <a href="/wiki/Maroni_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroni River">Marowijne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Courantyne_River" title="Courantyne River">Corantijn</a> rivers, respectively, while a part of the disputed <a href="/wiki/Maritime_boundary" title="Maritime boundary">maritime boundary</a> with Guyana was arbitrated by the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">Permanent Court of Arbitration</a> convened under the rules set out in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea/Annex_VII" class="extiw" title="s:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea/Annex VII">Annex VII</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea" title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea</a> on 20 September 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lying <a href="/wiki/2nd_parallel_north" title="2nd parallel north">two</a> to <a href="/wiki/5th_parallel_north" title="5th parallel north">five degrees north</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>, Suriname has a very hot and wet <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climate</a>, and temperatures do not vary much throughout the year. Average relative humidity is between 80% and 90%. Its average temperature ranges from 29 to 34 °C (84 to 93 °F). Due to the high humidity, actual temperatures are distorted and may therefore feel up to 6 °C (11 °F) hotter than the recorded temperature. </p><p>The year has two <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet seasons</a>, from April to August and from November to February. It also has two <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry seasons</a>, from August to November and February to April. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seasons_in_Suriname_original.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Seasons_in_Suriname_original.png/220px-Seasons_in_Suriname_original.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Seasons_in_Suriname_original.png/330px-Seasons_in_Suriname_original.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Seasons_in_Suriname_original.png/440px-Seasons_in_Suriname_original.png 2x" data-file-width="7834" data-file-height="6343" /></a><figcaption>Seasons in Suriname</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Suriname" title="Climate change in Suriname">Climate change in Suriname</a> is leading to warmer temperatures and more <a href="/wiki/Extreme_weather" title="Extreme weather">extreme weather</a> events. As a relatively poor country, its contributions to global <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> have been limited. Because of the large forest cover, the country has been running a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_removal" title="Carbon dioxide removal">carbon negative</a> economy since 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity_and_conservation">Biodiversity and conservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Biodiversity and conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_in_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiversity in Suriname">Biodiversity in Suriname</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leatherback_Turtle_near_Galibi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leatherback_Turtle_near_Galibi.jpg/220px-Leatherback_Turtle_near_Galibi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leatherback_Turtle_near_Galibi.jpg/330px-Leatherback_Turtle_near_Galibi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leatherback_Turtle_near_Galibi.jpg/440px-Leatherback_Turtle_near_Galibi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leatherback_sea_turtle" title="Leatherback sea turtle">Leatherback sea turtle</a> on the beach near the village of Galibi</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dendrobates_azureus_(Dendrobates_tinctorius)_Edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Dendrobates_azureus_%28Dendrobates_tinctorius%29_Edit.jpg/220px-Dendrobates_azureus_%28Dendrobates_tinctorius%29_Edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Dendrobates_azureus_%28Dendrobates_tinctorius%29_Edit.jpg/330px-Dendrobates_azureus_%28Dendrobates_tinctorius%29_Edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Dendrobates_azureus_%28Dendrobates_tinctorius%29_Edit.jpg/440px-Dendrobates_azureus_%28Dendrobates_tinctorius%29_Edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2591" data-file-height="2002" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Blue_poison_dart_frog" title="Blue poison dart frog">blue poison dart frog</a> is endemic to Suriname.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area,_Top_Countries_(2021).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area%2C_Top_Countries_%282021%29.svg/330px-Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area%2C_Top_Countries_%282021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area%2C_Top_Countries_%282021%29.svg/495px-Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area%2C_Top_Countries_%282021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area%2C_Top_Countries_%282021%29.svg/660px-Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area%2C_Top_Countries_%282021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Share of forest area in total land area, top countries (2021). Suriname has the highest percentage of forest cover in the world.</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the variety of habitats and temperatures, biodiversity in Suriname is considered high.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2013, 16 international scientists researching the ecosystems during a three-week expedition in Suriname's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Palumeu_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upper Palumeu River (page does not exist)">Upper Palumeu River</a> Watershed catalogued 1,378 species and found 60—including six frogs, one snake, and 11 fish—that may be previously unknown species.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the environmental non-profit <a href="/wiki/Conservation_International" title="Conservation International">Conservation International</a>, which funded the expedition, Suriname's ample supply of fresh water is vital to the biodiversity and healthy ecosystems of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Snakewood (<i><a href="/wiki/Brosimum_guianense" title="Brosimum guianense">Brosimum guianense</a></i>), a tree, is native to this tropical region of the Americas. Customs in Suriname report that snakewood is often illegally exported to French Guiana, thought to be for the crafts industry.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 March 2013, Suriname's REDD+ Readiness Preparation Proposal (R-PP 2013) was approved by the member countries of the Participants Committee of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forest_Carbon_Partnership_Facility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (page does not exist)">Forest Carbon Partnership Facility</a> (FCPF).<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As in other parts of Central and South America, indigenous communities have increased their activism to protect their lands and preserve habitat. In March 2015, the "<a href="/wiki/Trio_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Trio people">Trio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wayana_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayana people">Wayana</a> communities presented a declaration of cooperation to the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Suriname">National Assembly of Suriname</a> that announces an indigenous conservation corridor spanning 72,000 square kilometers (27,799 square miles) of southern Suriname. The declaration, led by these indigenous communities and with the support of <a href="/wiki/Conservation_International" title="Conservation International">Conservation International</a> (CI) and <a href="/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wildlife Fund">World Wildlife Fund</a> <a href="/wiki/WWF_Guianas" title="WWF Guianas">(WWF) Guianas</a>, comprises almost half of the total area of Suriname.<sup id="cite_ref-guardians_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardians-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This area includes large forests and is considered "essential for the country's <a href="/wiki/Climate_resilience" title="Climate resilience">climate resilience</a>, freshwater security, and green development strategy." </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Central_Suriname_Nature_Reserve" title="Central Suriname Nature Reserve">Central Suriname Nature Reserve</a> has been designated a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> for its unspoiled forests and <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>. There are many national parks in the country, including Galibi National Reserve along the coast; <a href="/wiki/Brownsberg_Nature_Park" title="Brownsberg Nature Park">Brownsberg Nature Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eilerts_de_Haan_Nature_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Eilerts de Haan Nature Park">Eilerts de Haan Nature Park</a> in central Suriname; and the <a href="/wiki/Sipaliwani_Nature_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Sipaliwani Nature Reserve">Sipaliwani Nature Reserve</a> on the Brazilian border. In all, 16% of the country's land area is national parks and lakes, according to the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suriname's extensive tree cover is vital to the country's efforts to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Suriname" title="Climate change in Suriname">mitigate climate change</a> and maintain <a href="/wiki/Carbon_negativity" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon negativity">carbon negativity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Suriname" title="Economy of Suriname">Economy of Suriname</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosebel_pit.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Rosebel_pit.png/220px-Rosebel_pit.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Rosebel_pit.png/330px-Rosebel_pit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Rosebel_pit.png/440px-Rosebel_pit.png 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rosebel_gold_mine" title="Rosebel gold mine">Rosebel gold mine</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nickerie_rijstveld.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Nickerie_rijstveld.jpg/220px-Nickerie_rijstveld.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Nickerie_rijstveld.jpg/330px-Nickerie_rijstveld.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Nickerie_rijstveld.jpg/440px-Nickerie_rijstveld.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>A rice field in <a href="/wiki/Nickerie_District" title="Nickerie District">Nickerie District</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paranam_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Paranam_3.JPG/220px-Paranam_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Paranam_3.JPG/330px-Paranam_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Paranam_3.JPG/440px-Paranam_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Suralco bauxite factory in <a href="/wiki/Paranam" title="Paranam">Paranam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Suriname's democracy gained some strength after the turbulent 1990s, and its economy became more diversified and less dependent on Dutch financial assistance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">Bauxite</a> (aluminium ore) mining used to be a strong revenue source, since before the independence of the country up to 2015. Because Alcoa stopped all bauxite operations, the bauxite era in Suriname also ended.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The discovery, exploration and exploitation of oil and gold nowadays contributes substantially to Suriname's economic independence. Agriculture, especially rice and bananas, remains a strong component of the economy, and <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecotourism</a> is providing new economic opportunities. More than 93% of Suriname's landmass consists of unspoiled rainforest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> With the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Suriname_Nature_Reserve" title="Central Suriname Nature Reserve">Central Suriname Nature Reserve</a> in 1998, Suriname signaled its commitment to the conservation of this precious resource. The Central Suriname Nature Reserve became a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 2000. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gebouw_van_Financien,_Paramaribo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Gebouw_van_Financien%2C_Paramaribo.jpg/220px-Gebouw_van_Financien%2C_Paramaribo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Gebouw_van_Financien%2C_Paramaribo.jpg/330px-Gebouw_van_Financien%2C_Paramaribo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Gebouw_van_Financien%2C_Paramaribo.jpg/440px-Gebouw_van_Financien%2C_Paramaribo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption>Ministry of Finance</figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of Suriname was dominated by the bauxite industry, which accounted for more than 15% of GDP and 70% of export earnings up to 2015. Currently gold exports make up 60-80% of all exports earnings. In 2021 the gold industry accounted for 8.5% of the GDP. The share of large-scale mining in total gold production is 58% compared to 42% of small-scale mining.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With an export value of US$1.83 billion in 2023, the gold sector makes an important contribution to the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exploration and exploitation of oil adds substantially to the economy of Suriname at about 10% of the GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The national oil company, <a href="/wiki/Staatsolie_Maatschappij_Suriname" title="Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname">STAATSOLIE</a>, is the motor behind Suriname's oil industry. Their core business is oil extraction and refining. In 2022 they made a revenue of US$840 million. In that year their contribution to the state treasury was US$320 million.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023 they made a revenue of US$722 million. The drop in revenue was because of the lower price for oil per barrel that year. Their contribution to the Surinamese state treasury was US$335 million.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other main export products include rice, bananas, and <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a>. Suriname has recently started exploiting some of its sizeable <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and gold<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserves. About a quarter of the people work in the agricultural sector. The Surinamese economy is very dependent on commerce, its main trade partners being, Switzerland, China, the Netherlands, the United States, Canada, and <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> countries, mainly <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> and the islands of the former <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC_2610_Gebouw_Centrale_Bank_van_Suriname_Waterkant_Paramaribo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/DSC_2610_Gebouw_Centrale_Bank_van_Suriname_Waterkant_Paramaribo.jpg/220px-DSC_2610_Gebouw_Centrale_Bank_van_Suriname_Waterkant_Paramaribo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/DSC_2610_Gebouw_Centrale_Bank_van_Suriname_Waterkant_Paramaribo.jpg/330px-DSC_2610_Gebouw_Centrale_Bank_van_Suriname_Waterkant_Paramaribo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/DSC_2610_Gebouw_Centrale_Bank_van_Suriname_Waterkant_Paramaribo.jpg/440px-DSC_2610_Gebouw_Centrale_Bank_van_Suriname_Waterkant_Paramaribo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Suriname" title="Central Bank of Suriname">Central Bank of Suriname</a> building in Paramaribo</figcaption></figure> <p>After assuming power in the fall of 1996, the <a href="/wiki/Jules_Wijdenbosch" title="Jules Wijdenbosch">Wijdenbosch</a> government ended the <a href="/wiki/Structural_adjustment" title="Structural adjustment">structural adjustment</a> program of the previous government, claiming it was unfair to the poorer elements of society. Tax revenues fell as old taxes lapsed and the government failed to implement new tax alternatives. By the end of 1997, the allocation of new Dutch development funds was frozen as Surinamese Government relations with the Netherlands deteriorated. Economic growth slowed in 1998, with decline in the mining, construction, and <a href="/wiki/Utility" title="Utility">utility</a> sectors. Rampant government expenditures, poor tax collection, a bloated civil service, and reduced foreign aid in 1999 contributed to the fiscal deficit, estimated at 11% of GDP. The government sought to cover this deficit through monetary expansion, which led to a dramatic increase in inflation. It takes longer on average to register a new business in Suriname than virtually any other country in the world (694 days or about 99 weeks).<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>GDP (2010 est.): US$4.794 <a href="/wiki/Billion" title="Billion">billion</a>.</li> <li>Annual growth rate real GDP (2010 est.): 3.5%.</li> <li>Per capita GDP (2010 est.): US$9,900.</li> <li>Inflation (2007): 6.4%.</li> <li>Natural resources: Bauxite, gold, oil, iron ore, other minerals; forests; hydroelectric potential; fish and shrimp.</li> <li>Agriculture: Products—rice, bananas, timber, palm kernels, coconuts, peanuts, citrus fruits, and forest products.</li> <li>Industry: Types—alumina, oil, gold, fish, shrimp, lumber.</li> <li>Trade: <ul><li>Exports (2012): US$2.563 billion: alumina, gold, crude oil, lumber, shrimp and fish, rice, bananas. Major consumers: US 26.1%, Belgium 17.6%, UAE 12.1%, Canada 10.4%, Guyana 6.5%, France 5.6%, Barbados 4.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Imports (2012): US$1.782 billion: capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton, consumer goods. Major suppliers: US 25.8%, Netherlands 15.8%, China 9.8%, UAE 7.9%, Antigua and Barbuda 7.3%, Netherlands Antilles 5.4%, Japan 4.2%.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Suriname" title="Demographics of Suriname">Demographics of Suriname</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surinamese_people" title="Surinamese people">Surinamese people</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suriname_demography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Suriname_demography.png/220px-Suriname_demography.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Suriname_demography.png/330px-Suriname_demography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Suriname_demography.png/440px-Suriname_demography.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>The population of Suriname from 1961 to 2003, in units of 1000. The slowdown and decline in population growth ~1969–1985 reflects a mass migration to the Netherlands and French Guiana.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2022, Suriname had a population of roughly 618,040 according to estimates by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This compares to 541,638 inhabitants from the 2012 census.<sup id="cite_ref-statistics-suriname1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistics-suriname1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Surinamese populace is characterized by high levels of diversity, wherein no particular demographic group constitutes a majority. This is a legacy of centuries of Dutch rule, which entailed successive periods of forced, contracted, or voluntary migration by various nationalities and ethnic groups from around the world. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_majorities_per_resort_in_Suriname.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ethnic groups of Surinme" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Population_majorities_per_resort_in_Suriname.svg/220px-Population_majorities_per_resort_in_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Population_majorities_per_resort_in_Suriname.svg/330px-Population_majorities_per_resort_in_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Population_majorities_per_resort_in_Suriname.svg/440px-Population_majorities_per_resort_in_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic groups of Suriname <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#660000; color:white;"> </span> Creoles</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0f4d18; color:white;"> </span> Hindus</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fffc00; color:black;"> </span> Maroons</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff0000; color:black;"> </span> Javanese</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0000ff; color:white;"> </span> Indigenous</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Ethnic groups of Suriname<sup id="cite_ref-CIAPAPUANEWGUINEA_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAPAPUANEWGUINEA-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Ethnic groups</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Surinamese" title="Indo-Surinamese">Indian</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:27.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">27.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Maroon_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroon (people)">Maroon</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:21.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">21.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Creole_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Creole people">Creole</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Yellow; width:15.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">15.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Javanese_Surinamese" title="Javanese Surinamese">Javanese</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:13.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Multiracial" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial">Mixed</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Red; width:13.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Suriname" title="Indigenous peoples in Suriname">Amerindian</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:3.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Surinamese" title="Chinese Surinamese">Chinese</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Purple; width:1.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/White_Surinamese" title="White Surinamese">White</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Silver; width:0.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:2.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.5%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>The largest ethnic group are <a href="/wiki/Indo-Surinamese" title="Indo-Surinamese">Indians</a>, who form over a quarter of the population (27.4%).<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-statistics-suriname12_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistics-suriname12-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority are descendants of 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Indian_indenture_system" title="Indian indenture system">indentured workers from India</a>, hailing mostly from <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> speaking areas of modern <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>, and northeastern <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> and southeastern <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. If counted as one ethnic group, the <a href="/wiki/Afro-Surinamese" title="Afro-Surinamese">Afro-Surinamese</a> are the largest community, at around 37.4%; however, they are usually divided into two cultural/ethnic groups: the <a href="/wiki/Creole_peoples" title="Creole peoples">Creoles</a> and the Maroons. Surinamese Maroons, whose ancestors are mostly runaway slaves that fled to the interior, comprise 21.7% of the population. They are divided into six tribes: <a href="/wiki/Ndyuka_people" title="Ndyuka people">Ndyuka</a> (Aucans), <a href="/wiki/Saramaka" title="Saramaka">Saramaccans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramaccan" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramaccan">Paramaccans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kwinti" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwinti">Kwinti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluku" title="Aluku">Aluku</a> (Boni) and <a href="/wiki/Matawai_people" title="Matawai people">Matawai</a>. Surinamese <a href="/wiki/Creole_peoples" title="Creole peoples">Creoles</a>, mixed people descending from African slaves and Europeans (mostly Dutch), form 15.7% of the population. <a href="/wiki/Javanese_Surinamese" title="Javanese Surinamese">Javanese</a> make up 14% of the population, and like the East Indians, descend largely from workers contracted from the island of <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> in the former <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-javanese_in_suriname_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-javanese_in_suriname-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 13.4% of the population identifies as being of mixed ethnic heritage. <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Surinamese" title="Chinese Surinamese">Chinese</a>, originating from 19th-century indentured workers and some recent migration, make up 7.3% of the population. </p><p>Other groups include <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a>, primarily <a href="/wiki/Maronites" title="Maronites">Maronites</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Suriname" title="History of the Jews in Suriname">Jews</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a> origin, whose center of population was <a href="/wiki/Jodensavanne" title="Jodensavanne">Jodensavanne</a>. Various <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous peoples</a> make up 3.7% of the population, with the main groups being the <a href="/wiki/Akurio_people" title="Akurio people">Akurio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Kalina</a> (Caribs), <a href="/wiki/Tiriy%C3%B3_people" title="Tiriyó people">Tiriyó</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wayana_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayana people">Wayana</a>. They live mainly in the districts of <a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wanica_District" title="Wanica District">Wanica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Para_District" title="Para District">Para</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marowijne_District" title="Marowijne District">Marowijne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sipaliwini_District" title="Sipaliwini District">Sipaliwini</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A small but influential number of <a href="/wiki/White_Surinamese" title="White Surinamese">Europeans</a> remain in the country, comprising about 1% of the population. They are descended mostly from <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> 19th-century immigrant farmers, known as "<a href="/wiki/Dutch_Surinamese" title="Dutch Surinamese">Boeroes</a>" (derived from <i>boer</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> word for "farmer"), and to a lesser degree other European groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a>. Many Boeroes <a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">left after independence in 1975</a>. </p><p>More recently Suriname has seen a new wave of immigrants, namely <a href="/wiki/Brazilians_in_Suriname" title="Brazilians in Suriname">Brazilians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Surinamese" title="Chinese Surinamese">Chinese</a> (many of them laborers mining for gold). Most do not have legal status.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emigration">Emigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Emigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60008924_Een_groep_Brits-Indische_immigranten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60008924_Een_groep_Brits-Indische_immigranten.jpg/220px-Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60008924_Een_groep_Brits-Indische_immigranten.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60008924_Een_groep_Brits-Indische_immigranten.jpg/330px-Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60008924_Een_groep_Brits-Indische_immigranten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60008924_Een_groep_Brits-Indische_immigranten.jpg/440px-Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60008924_Een_groep_Brits-Indische_immigranten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>Immigrants from India</figcaption></figure> <p>The option to choose between Surinamese or Dutch citizenship in the years leading up to Suriname's independence in 1975 led to a mass migration to the Netherlands. This migration continued in the period immediately after independence and during military rule in the 1980s and for largely economic reasons extended throughout the 1990s. The <a href="/wiki/Surinamese_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Surinamese people in the Netherlands">Surinamese community</a> in the Netherlands numbered 350,300 as of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> (including children and grandchildren of Suriname migrants born in the Netherlands), compared to approximately 566,000 Surinamese in Suriname itself.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a>, around 272,600 people from Suriname lived in other countries in the late 2010s, in particular in the Netherlands (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 192,000</span>), France (c. 25,000, most of them in <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the United States (c. 15,000), <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> (c. 5,000), <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> (c. 1,500), and Canada (c. 1,000).<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Suriname" title="Religion in Suriname">Religion in Suriname</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 490.63900054487px; border-left-color:Beige"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Beige"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Beige"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 125.62719357843px; border-left-color:Chartreuse"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Chartreuse"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Chartreuse"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 96.299405095022px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 87.051316381041px; border-left-color:DarkRed"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkRed"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkRed"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 68.882391633355px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:96.372367829001px 26.690198932038px 0 0; border-top-color:DarkOrange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 991.36510217696px 100px 0; border-right-color:Skyblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Skyblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 562.53406853567px 100px 0; border-right-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 3.7716981617288px 100px 0; border-right-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Suriname (2012 census)<sup id="cite_ref-CENSUS2012_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CENSUS2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (25.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Purple; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> (21.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Skyblue; color:black;"> </span> Other <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a> (1.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (22.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (13.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkRed; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a> (1.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kejawen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kejawen">Kejawen</a> (0.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Chartreuse; color:black;"> </span> Other religion (2.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Beige; color:black;"> </span> None (7.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Black; color:white;"> </span> Not stated (3.2%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neveh_Shalom_Synagogue_and_Mosque_Keizerstraat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Neveh_Shalom_Synagogue_and_Mosque_Keizerstraat.jpg/220px-Neveh_Shalom_Synagogue_and_Mosque_Keizerstraat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Neveh_Shalom_Synagogue_and_Mosque_Keizerstraat.jpg/330px-Neveh_Shalom_Synagogue_and_Mosque_Keizerstraat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Neveh_Shalom_Synagogue_and_Mosque_Keizerstraat.jpg/440px-Neveh_Shalom_Synagogue_and_Mosque_Keizerstraat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Synagogue and mosque adjacent to each other in Paramaribo</figcaption></figure> <p>Suriname's religious makeup is heterogeneous and reflective of the country's multicultural character.<sup id="cite_ref-statistics-suriname12_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistics-suriname12-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew research</a> from 2012, Christians are the largest religious community, at slightly over half the population (51.6%), followed by <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindus</a> (19.8%) and <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> (15.2%); other religious minorities include adherents of various folk traditions (5.3%), Buddhists (<1%), <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> (<1%), practitioners of other faiths (1.8%), and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">unaffiliated</a> (5.4%).<sup id="cite_ref-grf_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grf-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paramaribo_-_Hofstede_Crulllaan_22_-_Heilig_Hartkerk_20161004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Paramaribo_-_Hofstede_Crulllaan_22_-_Heilig_Hartkerk_20161004.jpg/220px-Paramaribo_-_Hofstede_Crulllaan_22_-_Heilig_Hartkerk_20161004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Paramaribo_-_Hofstede_Crulllaan_22_-_Heilig_Hartkerk_20161004.jpg/330px-Paramaribo_-_Hofstede_Crulllaan_22_-_Heilig_Hartkerk_20161004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Paramaribo_-_Hofstede_Crulllaan_22_-_Heilig_Hartkerk_20161004.jpg/440px-Paramaribo_-_Hofstede_Crulllaan_22_-_Heilig_Hartkerk_20161004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption>Church of Sacred Heart in Paramaribo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paramaribo_stad_Arya_Dewaker_Mandir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Paramaribo_stad_Arya_Dewaker_Mandir.jpg/220px-Paramaribo_stad_Arya_Dewaker_Mandir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Paramaribo_stad_Arya_Dewaker_Mandir.jpg/330px-Paramaribo_stad_Arya_Dewaker_Mandir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Paramaribo_stad_Arya_Dewaker_Mandir.jpg/440px-Paramaribo_stad_Arya_Dewaker_Mandir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arya_Diwaker" title="Arya Diwaker">Arya Diwaker</a> temple</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the 2020 census, 52.3% of Surinamese were Christians; 26.7% were <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> (11.18% <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a>, 11.16% <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian</a>, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Remonstrants" title="Remonstrants">Remonstrants</a>), and 4.4% other Protestant denominations), while 21.6% were <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CENSUS2012_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CENSUS2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hindus are the second largest religious group in Suriname, comprising nearly one-fifth of the population (18.8% in 2020),<sup id="cite_ref-grf_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grf-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the third largest proportion of any country in the Western Hemisphere, after <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, both of which also have large proportions of <a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Caribbeans">Indians</a>. Likewise, almost all practitioners of Hinduism are found among the Indo-Surinamese population. Muslims constitute 14.3% of the population, the highest proportion of Muslims in the Americas. They are largely of Javanese or Indian descent.<sup id="cite_ref-CENSUS2012_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CENSUS2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Folk religions are practiced by 5.6% of the population and include <a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Afro-American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-American religion">Afro-American religion</a> practiced mostly by those of Maroon ancestry, <a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Javanism</a> (0.8%),<sup id="cite_ref-CENSUS2012_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CENSUS2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a syncretic faith found among some Javanese Surinamese, and various indigenous folk traditions that are often incorporated into one of the larger religions (usually Christianity). In the 2020 census, 6.2% of the population declared they had "no religion", while a further 1.9% adhere to "other religions".<sup id="cite_ref-grf_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grf-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Butcher_Paramaribo_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Butcher_Paramaribo_market.jpg/170px-Butcher_Paramaribo_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Butcher_Paramaribo_market.jpg/255px-Butcher_Paramaribo_market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Butcher_Paramaribo_market.jpg/340px-Butcher_Paramaribo_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Butcher in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Market_(Paramaribo)" title="Central Market (Paramaribo)">Central Market</a> in Paramaribo with signs written in <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Suriname has roughly 14 local languages, but <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> (<i>Nederlands</i>) is the sole official language and is the language used in education, government, business, and the media.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 60% of the population are <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">native speakers</a> of Dutch<sup id="cite_ref-taalgebied_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taalgebied-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and around 20%–30% speak it as a second language. In 2004, Suriname became an associate member of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Language_Union" title="Dutch Language Union">Dutch Language Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suriname is one of three Dutch-speaking sovereign countries in the world (the others being the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>). It is also the only area in the Americas where Dutch is spoken by a majority of the population (as territories in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean" title="Dutch Caribbean">Dutch Caribbean</a> all have other majority languages). Finally, Suriname and English-speaking <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> are the only countries in <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> along with English-speaking British dependent territory of <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> where a <a href="/wiki/Romance_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance language">Romance language</a> does not predominate. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_abbie_toe_jessie_ma_joe_ne_y%C3%A9r%C3%A9_ne_j%C3%A9ng_woortoe_toe_lessie,_Rotterdam-Centrum,_Rotterdam_(2021)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Joe_abbie_toe_jessie_ma_joe_ne_y%C3%A9r%C3%A9_ne_j%C3%A9ng_woortoe_toe_lessie%2C_Rotterdam-Centrum%2C_Rotterdam_%282021%29_01.jpg/220px-Joe_abbie_toe_jessie_ma_joe_ne_y%C3%A9r%C3%A9_ne_j%C3%A9ng_woortoe_toe_lessie%2C_Rotterdam-Centrum%2C_Rotterdam_%282021%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Joe_abbie_toe_jessie_ma_joe_ne_y%C3%A9r%C3%A9_ne_j%C3%A9ng_woortoe_toe_lessie%2C_Rotterdam-Centrum%2C_Rotterdam_%282021%29_01.jpg/330px-Joe_abbie_toe_jessie_ma_joe_ne_y%C3%A9r%C3%A9_ne_j%C3%A9ng_woortoe_toe_lessie%2C_Rotterdam-Centrum%2C_Rotterdam_%282021%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Joe_abbie_toe_jessie_ma_joe_ne_y%C3%A9r%C3%A9_ne_j%C3%A9ng_woortoe_toe_lessie%2C_Rotterdam-Centrum%2C_Rotterdam_%282021%29_01.jpg/440px-Joe_abbie_toe_jessie_ma_joe_ne_y%C3%A9r%C3%A9_ne_j%C3%A9ng_woortoe_toe_lessie%2C_Rotterdam-Centrum%2C_Rotterdam_%282021%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5344" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Sranan_Tongo" title="Sranan Tongo">Sranan Tongo</a>-language poetry sign located in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, Netherlands</figcaption></figure> <p>In Paramaribo, Dutch is the main home language in two-thirds of the households.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recognition of <i>"Surinaams-Nederlands"</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Surinamese_Dutch" title="Surinamese Dutch">Surinamese Dutch</a>") as a national dialect equal to <i>"Nederlands-Nederlands"</i> ("Dutch Dutch") and <i>"Vlaams-Nederlands"</i> ("Flemish Dutch") was expressed in 2009 by the publication of the <i>Woordenboek Surinaams Nederlands</i> (<i>Surinamese–Dutch Dictionary</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the most commonly spoken language in urban areas. The local languages are only more predominant than Dutch in the interior of Suriname (namely parts of <a href="/wiki/Sipaliwini_District" title="Sipaliwini District">Sipaliwini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brokopondo_District" title="Brokopondo District">Brokopondo</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sranan_Tongo" title="Sranan Tongo">Sranan Tongo</a>, a local English-based <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole language</a>, is the most widely used <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernacular language">vernacular language</a> in daily life and business among the Surinamese. Together with Dutch, it is considered to be one of the two principal languages of Surinamese <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">diglossia</a>. Both are further influenced by other spoken languages which are spoken primarily within ethnic communities. Sranan Tongo is often used interchangeably with Dutch depending on the formality of the setting; Dutch is seen as a <a href="/wiki/Prestige_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Prestige dialect">prestige dialect</a> and Sranan Tongo the common <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT2008_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT2008-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Hindustani#Sarnami_Hindustani" title="Caribbean Hindustani">Sarnami Hindustani</a>, a fusion of <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a> languages, is the third-most used language. It is primarily spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Caribbeans">descendants of Indian indentured labourers</a> from the former <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a>. </p><p>The six <a href="/wiki/Maroon_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroon (people)">Maroon</a> languages of Suriname are also considered English-based creole languages, and include <a href="/wiki/Saramaccan_language" title="Saramaccan language">Saramaccan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ndyuka_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndyuka (language)">Aukan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluku" title="Aluku">Aluku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramaccan_people" title="Paramaccan people">Paramaccan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matawai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Matawai language">Matawai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kwinti_language" title="Kwinti language">Kwinti</a>. Aluku, Paramaccan, and Kwinti are so mutually intelligible with Aukan that they can be considered dialects of the Aukan language. The same can be said about Matawai, which is mutually intelligible with Saramaccan. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a> is used by the residents of Suriname who are descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> indentured laborers once sent from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindian</a> languages include <a href="/wiki/Akurio_language" title="Akurio language">Akurio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arawak_language" title="Arawak language">Arawak-Lokono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carib_language" title="Carib language">Carib-Kari'nja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikiana_language" title="Sikiana language">Sikiana-Kashuyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiriy%C3%B3_language" title="Tiriyó language">Tiro-Tiriyó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waiwai_language" title="Waiwai language">Waiwai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warao_language" title="Warao language">Warao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wayana_language" title="Wayana language">Wayana</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hakka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka language">Hakka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a> are spoken by the descendants of the Chinese indentured labourers. <a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Mandarin</a> is spoken by the recent wave of Chinese immigrants. </p><p><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Creole" title="Guyanese Creole">Guyanese English Creole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_Guianese_Creole" title="French Guianese Creole">French Guianese Creole</a> are spoken at areas near the country's borders where there are many migrants from neighboring countries speaking their respective languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_cities">Largest cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Largest cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The national capital, Paramaribo, is by far the dominant urban area, accounting for nearly half of Suriname's population and most of its urban residents. Indeed, <a href="/wiki/Primate_city" title="Primate city">its population is greater than the next nine largest cities combined</a>. Most municipalities are located within the capital's metropolitan area, or along the densely populated coastline; about 90% of the population lives in <a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a> or on the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Suriname</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Suriname">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Suriname" title="Districts of Suriname">District</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waterkant_seen_from_Suriname_river.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Paramaribo"><img alt="Paramaribo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Waterkant_seen_from_Suriname_river.JPG/120px-Waterkant_seen_from_Suriname_river.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Waterkant_seen_from_Suriname_river.JPG/180px-Waterkant_seen_from_Suriname_river.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Waterkant_seen_from_Suriname_river.JPG/240px-Waterkant_seen_from_Suriname_river.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lelydorp2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lelydorp"><img alt="Lelydorp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Lelydorp2010.jpg/120px-Lelydorp2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Lelydorp2010.jpg/180px-Lelydorp2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Lelydorp2010.jpg/240px-Lelydorp2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lelydorp" title="Lelydorp">Lelydorp</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paramaribo_District" title="Paramaribo District">Paramaribo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">223 757 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nickerie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nieuw Nickerie"><img alt="Nieuw Nickerie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Nickerie.jpg/120px-Nickerie.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Nickerie.jpg/180px-Nickerie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Nickerie.jpg/240px-Nickerie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nieuw_Nickerie" title="Nieuw Nickerie">Nieuw Nickerie</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60006898_Bauxietfabriek_van_Moengo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moengo"><img alt="Moengo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60006898_Bauxietfabriek_van_Moengo.jpg/120px-Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60006898_Bauxietfabriek_van_Moengo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60006898_Bauxietfabriek_van_Moengo.jpg/180px-Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60006898_Bauxietfabriek_van_Moengo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60006898_Bauxietfabriek_van_Moengo.jpg/240px-Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60006898_Bauxietfabriek_van_Moengo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="460" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Moengo" title="Moengo">Moengo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lelydorp" title="Lelydorp">Lelydorp</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wanica" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanica">Wanica</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18 223 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nieuw_Nickerie" title="Nieuw Nickerie">Nieuw Nickerie</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nickerie_District" title="Nickerie District">Nickerie</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 143 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Moengo" title="Moengo">Moengo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Marowijne_District" title="Marowijne District">Marowijne</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 074 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nieuw_Amsterdam,_Suriname" title="Nieuw Amsterdam, Suriname">Nieuw Amsterdam</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Commewijne_District" title="Commewijne District">Commewijne</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 935 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%ABnburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariënburg">Mariënburg</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Commewijne_District" title="Commewijne District">Commewijne</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 427 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wageningen,_Suriname" title="Wageningen, Suriname">Wageningen</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nickerie_District" title="Nickerie District">Nickerie</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 145 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Albina,_Suriname" title="Albina, Suriname">Albina</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Marowijne_District" title="Marowijne District">Marowijne</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 985 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Groningen,_Suriname" title="Groningen, Suriname">Groningen</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saramacca_District" title="Saramacca District">Saramacca</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 216 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brownsweg" title="Brownsweg">Brownsweg</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brokopondo_District" title="Brokopondo District">Brokopondo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 696 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Suriname" title="Culture of Suriname">Culture of Suriname</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Suriname" title="Music of Suriname">Music of Suriname</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bigi_spikri,_Suriname,_2018_-_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bigi_spikri%2C_Suriname%2C_2018_-_1.png/220px-Bigi_spikri%2C_Suriname%2C_2018_-_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bigi_spikri%2C_Suriname%2C_2018_-_1.png/330px-Bigi_spikri%2C_Suriname%2C_2018_-_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bigi_spikri%2C_Suriname%2C_2018_-_1.png/440px-Bigi_spikri%2C_Suriname%2C_2018_-_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1510" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ketikoti" title="Ketikoti">Ketikoti</a> celebrations in <a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drakendans,_Suriname,_Chinees_Nieuwjaar,_2019_-_2.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Drakendans%2C_Suriname%2C_Chinees_Nieuwjaar%2C_2019_-_2.PNG/220px-Drakendans%2C_Suriname%2C_Chinees_Nieuwjaar%2C_2019_-_2.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Drakendans%2C_Suriname%2C_Chinees_Nieuwjaar%2C_2019_-_2.PNG/330px-Drakendans%2C_Suriname%2C_Chinees_Nieuwjaar%2C_2019_-_2.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Drakendans%2C_Suriname%2C_Chinees_Nieuwjaar%2C_2019_-_2.PNG/440px-Drakendans%2C_Suriname%2C_Chinees_Nieuwjaar%2C_2019_-_2.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1318" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lion_dance" title="Lion dance">Lion dance</a> at <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> celebrations in Suriname</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moengo_Festival_of_Theatre_%26_Dance,_2017_-_3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Moengo_Festival_of_Theatre_%26_Dance%2C_2017_-_3.png/220px-Moengo_Festival_of_Theatre_%26_Dance%2C_2017_-_3.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Moengo_Festival_of_Theatre_%26_Dance%2C_2017_-_3.png/330px-Moengo_Festival_of_Theatre_%26_Dance%2C_2017_-_3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Moengo_Festival_of_Theatre_%26_Dance%2C_2017_-_3.png/440px-Moengo_Festival_of_Theatre_%26_Dance%2C_2017_-_3.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption>Moengo Festival Theatre and Dance in 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>Owing to the country's multicultural heritage, Suriname celebrates a variety of distinct ethnic and religious festivals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_holidays">National holidays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: National holidays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1 January – <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a></li> <li>January/February – <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a></li> <li>March (varies) – <a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Phagwah</a></li> <li>March/April – <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li>March/April – <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li> <li>March/April – <a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></li> <li>1 May – <a href="/wiki/Labour_Day" title="Labour Day">Labour Day</a></li> <li>1 July – <a href="/wiki/Keti_Koti" class="mw-redirect" title="Keti Koti">Keti Koti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day</a> – end of slavery)</li> <li>9 August – <a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_the_World%27s_Indigenous_Peoples" title="International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples">Indigenous People's Day</a></li> <li>10 October – <a href="/wiki/Maroons" title="Maroons">Day of the Maroons</a></li> <li>October/November – <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li>25 November – <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Day">Independence Day</a></li> <li>25 December – <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li>26 December – <a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a></li> <li>varies – <a href="/wiki/Eid-ul-adha" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid-ul-adha">Eid-ul-adha</a></li> <li>varies – <a href="/wiki/Eid-ul-Fitr" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid-ul-Fitr">Eid-ul-Fitr</a></li> <li>varies – <a href="/wiki/Satu_Suro" title="Satu Suro">Satu Suro</a>/<a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>There are several <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> national holidays like <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phagwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Phagwa">Phagwa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eid-ul-adha" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid-ul-adha">Eid-ul-adha</a>. These holidays do not have fixed dates on the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, as they are based on the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendars</a>, respectively. As of 2020, Eid-ul-adha is a national holiday, and equal to a Sunday.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several holidays which are unique to Suriname. These include the <a href="/wiki/Prawas_Din" title="Prawas Din">Prawas Din</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Arrival_Day" title="Indian Arrival Day">Indian</a>), Javanese, and Chinese arrival days. They celebrate the arrival of the first ships with their respective immigrants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Year's_Eve"><span id="New_Year.27s_Eve"></span>New Year's Eve</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: New Year's Eve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kerstoudjaar_037.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kerstoudjaar_037.jpg/220px-Kerstoudjaar_037.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kerstoudjaar_037.jpg/330px-Kerstoudjaar_037.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kerstoudjaar_037.jpg/440px-Kerstoudjaar_037.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Pagara (red firecracker ribbons)</figcaption></figure> <p>New Year's Eve in Suriname is called <i>Oud jaar</i>, <i>Owru Yari</i>, or "old year". <a href="/wiki/Firecrackers" class="mw-redirect" title="Firecrackers">Firecrackers</a> called <i>pagaras</i> which have long ribbons attached and are detonated at midnight.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KamperveenStadion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/KamperveenStadion.jpg/220px-KamperveenStadion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/KamperveenStadion.jpg/330px-KamperveenStadion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/KamperveenStadion.jpg/440px-KamperveenStadion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>André Kamperveen Stadium</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Essedstadion2024_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Essedstadion2024_1.jpg/220px-Essedstadion2024_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Essedstadion2024_1.jpg/330px-Essedstadion2024_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Essedstadion2024_1.jpg/440px-Essedstadion2024_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="2296" /></a><figcaption>Franklin Essed Stadium</figcaption></figure> <p>The major sports in Suriname are <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Suriname_Olympic_Committee" title="Suriname Olympic Committee">Suriname Olympic Committee</a> is the national governing body for sports in Suriname. The major <a href="/wiki/Mind_sport" title="Mind sport">mind sports</a> are <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Draughts" class="mw-redirect" title="Draughts">draughts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridge_(card_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge (card game)">bridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Troefcall" title="Troefcall">troefcall</a>. </p><p>Many Suriname-born football players and Dutch-born football players of Surinamese descent have turned out to play for the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_national_football_team" title="Netherlands national football team">Dutch national team</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Vanenburg" title="Gerald Vanenburg">Gerald Vanenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruud_Gullit" title="Ruud Gullit">Ruud Gullit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Rijkaard" title="Frank Rijkaard">Frank Rijkaard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Davids" title="Edgar Davids">Edgar Davids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Seedorf" title="Clarence Seedorf">Clarence Seedorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Kluivert" title="Patrick Kluivert">Patrick Kluivert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aron_Winter" title="Aron Winter">Aron Winter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georginio_Wijnaldum" title="Georginio Wijnaldum">Georginio Wijnaldum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virgil_van_Dijk" title="Virgil van Dijk">Virgil van Dijk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Floyd_Hasselbaink" title="Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink">Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink</a>. In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Mijnals" title="Humphrey Mijnals">Humphrey Mijnals</a>, who played for both <a href="/wiki/Suriname_national_football_team" title="Suriname national football team">Suriname</a> and the Netherlands, was elected Surinamese footballer of the century.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another famous player is <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Kamperveen" title="André Kamperveen">André Kamperveen</a>, who captained Suriname in the 1940s and was the first Surinamese to play professionally in the Netherlands. </p><p>In 2021 <a href="/wiki/Suriname_national_football_team" title="Suriname national football team">Suriname</a> participated in their first <a href="/wiki/CONCACAF_Gold_Cup" title="CONCACAF Gold Cup">CONCACAF Gold Cup</a> where they played against Costa Rica, Jamaica and Guadeloupe in Group C. Suriname lost its first two matches against Jamaica and Costa Rica, but ended third in the group following a 2–1 win against Guadeloupe. </p><p>Swimmer <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Nesty" title="Anthony Nesty">Anthony Nesty</a> is the only <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> medalist for Suriname. He won gold in the 100-meter butterfly at the <a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> and he won bronze in the same discipline at the 1992 Summer Olympics in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>. Originally from <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, he now lives in <a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Florida" title="Gainesville, Florida">Gainesville, Florida</a>, and is the head coach of the University of Florida swim team. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Purcy_R._Olivieira_Sportcentrum,_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Purcy_R._Olivieira_Sportcentrum%2C_2.jpg/220px-Purcy_R._Olivieira_Sportcentrum%2C_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Purcy_R._Olivieira_Sportcentrum%2C_2.jpg/330px-Purcy_R._Olivieira_Sportcentrum%2C_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Purcy_R._Olivieira_Sportcentrum%2C_2.jpg/440px-Purcy_R._Olivieira_Sportcentrum%2C_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2129" /></a><figcaption>Purcy R. Olivieira Sports Center</figcaption></figure> <p>The most famous international track & field athlete from Suriname is <a href="/wiki/Letitia_Vriesde" title="Letitia Vriesde">Letitia Vriesde</a>, who won a silver medal at the <a href="/wiki/1995_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1995 World Championships in Athletics">1995 World Championships</a> behind Ana Quirot in the 800 metres, the first medal won by a South American female athlete in World Championship competition. In addition, she also won a bronze medal at the <a href="/wiki/2001_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2001 World Championships in Athletics">2001 World Championships</a> and won several medals in the 800 and 1500 metres at the <a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-American Games">Pan-American Games</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Central American and Caribbean Games">Central American and Caribbean Games</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Asinga" title="Tommy Asinga">Tommy Asinga</a> also received acclaim for winning a bronze medal in the 800 metres at the <a href="/wiki/1991_Pan_American_Games" title="1991 Pan American Games">1991 Pan American Games</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> is popular in Suriname to some extent, influenced by its popularity <a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cricket in the Netherlands">in the Netherlands</a> and in neighbouring Guyana. The <a href="/wiki/Surinaamse_Cricket_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Surinaamse Cricket Bond">Surinaamse Cricket Bond</a> is an <a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Cricket_Council_members" title="List of International Cricket Council members">associate member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Cricket_Council" title="International Cricket Council">International Cricket Council</a> (ICC). Suriname and Argentina were the only ICC associate members in South America when ICC had a three tiered membership, although Guyana is represented on the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Cricket_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="West Indies Cricket Board">West Indies Cricket Board</a>, a full member. <a href="/wiki/Suriname_national_cricket_team" title="Suriname national cricket team">The national cricket team</a> was ranked 47th in the world and sixth in the <a href="/wiki/ICC_Americas" title="ICC Americas">ICC Americas</a> region as of June 2014, and competes in the <a href="/wiki/World_Cricket_League" title="World Cricket League">World Cricket League</a> (WCL) and <a href="/wiki/ICC_Americas_Championship" title="ICC Americas Championship">ICC Americas Championship</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iris_Jharap" title="Iris Jharap">Iris Jharap</a>, born in Paramaribo, played <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_One_Day_International" title="Women's One Day International">women's One Day International</a> matches for <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_national_women%27s_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands national women's cricket team">the Dutch national side</a>, the only Surinamese to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the sport of <a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a>, another popular sport in Suriname especially with the youth, the local heroes are <a href="/wiki/Virgil_Soeroredjo" title="Virgil Soeroredjo">Virgil Soeroredjo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitchel_Wongsodikromo" title="Mitchel Wongsodikromo">Mitchel Wongsodikromo</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6ren_Opti" title="Sören Opti">Sören Opti</a> and also <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Leefmans" title="Crystal Leefmans">Crystal Leefmans</a>. All winning medals for Suriname at the <a href="/wiki/Carebaco_International" title="Carebaco International">Carebaco Caribbean Championships</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Central American and Caribbean Games">Central American and Caribbean Games</a> (CACSO Games)<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also at the <a href="/wiki/South_American_Games" title="South American Games">South American Games</a>, better known as the <a href="/wiki/ODESUR" title="ODESUR">ODESUR</a> Games. Virgil Soeroredjo also participated for Suriname at the <a href="/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics">2012 London Summer Olympics</a>, only the second badminton player, after <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Brandon" title="Oscar Brandon">Oscar Brandon</a>, for Suriname to achieve this.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Surinamese_National_Badminton_Championships" title="Surinamese National Badminton Championships">National Champion</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6ren_Opti" title="Sören Opti">Sören Opti</a> became the third Surinamese badminton player to participate at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a> in 2016. </p><p>Multiple time <a href="/wiki/K-1" title="K-1">K-1</a> <a href="/wiki/Kickboxing" title="Kickboxing">kickboxing</a> world champions <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Hoost" title="Ernesto Hoost">Ernesto Hoost</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remy_Bonjasky" title="Remy Bonjasky">Remy Bonjasky</a> were born in Suriname or are of Surinamese descent. Other kickboxing world champions include <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Ballantine" title="Gilbert Ballantine">Gilbert Ballantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rayen_Simson" title="Rayen Simson">Rayen Simson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Manhoef" title="Melvin Manhoef">Melvin Manhoef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Spong" title="Tyrone Spong">Tyrone Spong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Ristie" title="Andy Ristie">Andy Ristie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jairzinho_Rozenstruik" title="Jairzinho Rozenstruik">Jairzinho Rozenstruik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regian_Eersel" title="Regian Eersel">Regian Eersel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Donovan_Wisse" title="Donovan Wisse">Donovan Wisse</a>. </p><p>Suriname also has a <a href="/wiki/Suriname_national_korfball_team" title="Suriname national korfball team">national korfball team</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Korfball" title="Korfball">korfball</a> being a Dutch sport. <a href="/wiki/Vinkensport" title="Vinkensport">Vinkensport</a> is also practised. </p><p>In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Sports_Hall_of_Fame_Suriname" title="Sports Hall of Fame Suriname">Sports Hall of Fame Suriname</a> was established in the building of the Suriname Olympic Committee and is dedicated to the achievements of the Surinamese sporters.<sup id="cite_ref-SN_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Suriname" title="Transport in Suriname">Transport in Suriname</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desir%C3%A9_Delano_Bouterse_Highway" title="Desiré Delano Bouterse Highway">Desiré Delano Bouterse Highway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East-West_Link_(Suriname)" title="East-West Link (Suriname)">East-West Link (Suriname)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jules_Wijdenbosch_Bridge_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jules_Wijdenbosch_Bridge_5.jpg/220px-Jules_Wijdenbosch_Bridge_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jules_Wijdenbosch_Bridge_5.jpg/330px-Jules_Wijdenbosch_Bridge_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jules_Wijdenbosch_Bridge_5.jpg/440px-Jules_Wijdenbosch_Bridge_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jules_Wijdenbosch_Bridge" title="Jules Wijdenbosch Bridge">Jules Wijdenbosch Bridge</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Suriname_River" title="Suriname River">Suriname River</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Suriname, along with neighboring <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, is one of only two countries on the mainland South American continent that drive on the left, although many vehicles are left-hand-drive as well as right-hand-drive.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One explanation for this practice is that at the time of its colonization of Suriname, the Netherlands itself used left-hand traffic, also introducing the practice in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>, now <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Scientist_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Scientist-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another is that Suriname was first colonized by the British, and for practical reasons, this was not changed when it came under Dutch administration.<sup id="cite_ref-Kincaid_Rule_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kincaid_Rule-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Netherlands converted to driving to the right at the end of the 18th century,<sup id="cite_ref-New_Scientist_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Scientist-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suriname did not. As of 2003, Suriname had 4303 km (2674 miles) of roads, of which 1119 km (695 miles) are paved.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The country has 55 mostly small airports,<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which only six are paved. The only international airport that supports large <a href="/wiki/Jet_aircraft" title="Jet aircraft">jet aircraft</a> is <a href="/wiki/Johan_Adolf_Pengel_International_Airport" title="Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport">Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JAP_Airport,_2022_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/JAP_Airport%2C_2022_-_2.jpg/220px-JAP_Airport%2C_2022_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/JAP_Airport%2C_2022_-_2.jpg/330px-JAP_Airport%2C_2022_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/JAP_Airport%2C_2022_-_2.jpg/440px-JAP_Airport%2C_2022_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johan_Adolf_Pengel_International_Airport" title="Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport">Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Airlines with departures from Suriname: </p> <ul><li>American Airlines<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Wing_Airlines" title="Blue Wing Airlines">Blue Wing Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_Air" title="Gum Air">Gum Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_All_Ways" title="Fly All Ways">Fly All Ways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_Airways" title="Surinam Airways">Surinam Airways</a> <i>(SLM)</i></li></ul> <p>Airlines with arrivals in Suriname: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Airlines" title="Caribbean Airlines">Caribbean Airlines</a> (Trinidad and Tobago)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLM" title="KLM">KLM</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gol_Transportes_A%C3%A9reos" class="mw-redirect" title="Gol Transportes Aéreos">Gol Transportes Aéreos</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copa_Airlines" title="Copa Airlines">Copa Airlines</a> (Panama)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TUI_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="TUI Airlines">Tui</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_All_Ways" title="Fly All Ways">Fly All Ways</a> (Curaçao), Cuba <i>(<a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>)</i>, <i>(<a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_Airways" title="Surinam Airways">Surinam Airways</a> <i>(SLM)</i> (<a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>), Brazil <i>(<a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m" title="Belém">Belém</a>)</i>, (<a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>), Guyana <i>(<a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Guyana" title="Georgetown, Guyana">Georgetown</a>)</i>, Netherlands <i>(<a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>)</i>, Trinidad and Tobago <i>(<a href="/wiki/Port_of_Spain" title="Port of Spain">Port of Spain</a>)</i>, and the United States <i>(<a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>)</i>.</li></ul> <p>Other national companies with an air operator certification: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aero_Club_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aero Club Suriname (page does not exist)">Aero Club Suriname</a> <i>(ACS)</i> – General Aviation Aeroclub</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronie_Aero_Farmers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coronie Aero Farmers (page does not exist)">Coronie Aero Farmers</a> <i>(CAF)</i> – Agriculture Cropdusting</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Air_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eagle Air Services (page does not exist)">Eagle Air Services</a> <i>(EAS)</i> – Agriculture Cropdusting</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERK_Farms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ERK Farms (page does not exist)">ERK Farms</a> <i>(ERK)</i> – Agriculture Cropdusting</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overeem_Air_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overeem Air Service (page does not exist)">Overeem Air Service</a> <i>(OAS)</i> – General Aviation Charters</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegasus_Air_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegasus Air Service (page does not exist)">Pegasus Air Service</a> <i>(PAS)</i> – Helicopter Charters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Suriname">Suriname Air Force / Surinaamse Luchtmacht</a> <i>(SAF / LUMA)</i> – Military Aviation Surinam Air Force</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surinam_Sky_Farmers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surinam Sky Farmers (page does not exist)">Surinam Sky Farmers</a> <i>(SSF)</i> – Agriculture Cropdusting</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surinaamse_Medische_Zendings_Vliegdienst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surinaamse Medische Zendings Vliegdienst (page does not exist)">Surinaamse Medische Zendings Vliegdienst</a> <i>(MAF – Mission Aviation Fellowship)</i> – General Aviation Missionary</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vortex_Aviation_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vortex Aviation Suriname (page does not exist)">Vortex Aviation Suriname</a> <i>(VAS)</i> – General Aviation Maintenance & Flightschool</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Suriname" title="Health in Suriname">Health in Suriname</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AZP_Suriname.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/AZP_Suriname.jpg/220px-AZP_Suriname.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/AZP_Suriname.jpg/330px-AZP_Suriname.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/AZP_Suriname.jpg/440px-AZP_Suriname.jpg 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Academic_Hospital_Paramaribo" title="Academic Hospital Paramaribo">Academic Hospital Paramaribo</a> is the largest hospital in Suriname with 465 beds</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Global_Burden_of_Disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Burden of Disease">Global Burden of Disease</a> Study provides an on-line data source for analyzing updated estimates of health for 359 diseases and injuries and 84 risk factors from 1990 to 2017 in most of the world's countries.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comparing Suriname with other Caribbean nations show that in 2017 the age-standardized <a href="/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">death rate</a> for all causes was 793 (males 969, females 641) per 100,000, far below the 1219 of <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, somewhat below the 944 of <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> but considerably above the 424 of <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>. In 1990, the death rate was 960 per 100,000. <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">Life expectancy</a> in 2017 was 72 years (males 69, females 75). The death rate for children < 5 years was 581 per 100,000 compared to 1308 in Haiti and 102 in Bermuda. In 1990 and 2017, the leading causes of age-standardized death rates were cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes/chronic kidney disease. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Suriname" title="Education in Suriname">Education in Suriname</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universiteit_van_Suriname.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Universiteit_van_Suriname.JPG/220px-Universiteit_van_Suriname.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Universiteit_van_Suriname.JPG/330px-Universiteit_van_Suriname.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Universiteit_van_Suriname.JPG/440px-Universiteit_van_Suriname.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2337" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anton_de_Kom_University_of_Suriname" title="Anton de Kom University of Suriname">Anton de Kom University of Suriname</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:School_children_Bigi_Poika.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/School_children_Bigi_Poika.jpg/220px-School_children_Bigi_Poika.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/School_children_Bigi_Poika.jpg/330px-School_children_Bigi_Poika.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/School_children_Bigi_Poika.jpg/440px-School_children_Bigi_Poika.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1183" /></a><figcaption>School children in <a href="/wiki/Bigi_Poika" title="Bigi Poika">Bigi Poika</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Education in Suriname is compulsory until the age of 12,<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the nation had a net primary enrollment rate of 94% in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-hdrstats.undp.org_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdrstats.undp.org-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">Literacy</a> is very common, particularly among men.<sup id="cite_ref-hdrstats.undp.org_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdrstats.undp.org-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main university in the country is the <a href="/wiki/Anton_de_Kom_University_of_Suriname" title="Anton de Kom University of Suriname">Anton de Kom University of Suriname</a>. </p><p>From elementary school to high school there are 13 grades. The elementary school has six grades, middle school four grades, and high school three grades. Students take a test at the end of elementary school to determine whether they will go to the MULO (secondary modern school) or a middle school of lower standards like LBO. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, <i><a href="/wiki/De_Ware_Tijd" title="De Ware Tijd">De Ware Tijd</a></i> was the major newspaper of the country, but since the '90s <i><a href="/wiki/Times_of_Suriname" title="Times of Suriname">Times of Suriname</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_West" title="De West">De West</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dagblad_Suriname" title="Dagblad Suriname">Dagblad Suriname</a></i> have also been well-read newspapers. All publish primarily in Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suriname has twenty-four radio stations, most of them also broadcast through the Internet. There are twelve television sources: <a href="/wiki/Ampie%27s_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Ampie's Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> (Ch. 4–1, 2), RBN (Ch. 5–1, 2), Rasonic TV (Ch. 7), STVS (Ch. 8–1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), Apintie (Ch. 10–1), ATV (Ch. 12–1, 2, 3, 4), Radika (Ch. 14), SCCN (Ch. 17–1, 2, 3), Pipel TV (Ch. 18–1, 2), Trishul (Ch. 20–1, 2, 3, 4), Garuda (Ch. 23–1, 2, 3), Sangeetmala (Ch. 26), Ch. 30, Ch. 31, Ch.32, Ch.38, SCTV (Ch. 45). Also listened to is <a href="/wiki/Mart_(broadcaster)" title="Mart (broadcaster)">mArt</a>, a broadcaster from Amsterdam founded by people from Suriname. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kondreman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kondreman (page does not exist)">Kondreman</a> is one of the popular cartoons in Suriname. </p><p>There are also three major news sites: Starnieuws, Suriname Herald, and GFC Nieuws. </p><p>In 2022, Suriname ranked 52nd in the worldwide <a href="/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Freedom Index">Press Freedom Index</a> by the organization <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a strong drop in the ranking compared to the 2018–2021 period (about location 20). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_jungle_from_above.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Amazon_jungle_from_above.jpg/220px-Amazon_jungle_from_above.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Amazon_jungle_from_above.jpg/330px-Amazon_jungle_from_above.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Amazon_jungle_from_above.jpg/440px-Amazon_jungle_from_above.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1071" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Central_Suriname_Nature_Reserve" title="Central Suriname Nature Reserve">Central Suriname Nature Reserve</a> seen from the Voltzberg</figcaption></figure> <p>Most tourists visit Suriname for the <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Basin">Amazonian</a> rain forests in the south of the country, which are noted for their flora and fauna. The <a href="/wiki/Central_Suriname_Nature_Reserve" title="Central Suriname Nature Reserve">Central Suriname Nature Reserve</a> is the biggest and one of the most popular reserves, along with the <a href="/wiki/Brownsberg_Nature_Park" title="Brownsberg Nature Park">Brownsberg Nature Park</a> which overlooks the <a href="/wiki/Brokopondo_Reservoir" title="Brokopondo Reservoir">Brokopondo Reservoir</a>, one of the largest human-made lakes in the world. In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Berg_en_Dal_(Suriname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berg en Dal (Suriname)">Berg en Dal Eco & Cultural Resort</a> opened in Brokopondo.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonka_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonka Island (page does not exist)">Tonka Island</a> in the reservoir is home to a rustic <a href="/wiki/Eco-tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Eco-tourism">eco-tourism</a> project run by the Saramaccaner Maroons.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pangi_(Maroon)" title="Pangi (Maroon)">Pangi</a> wraps and bowls made of calabashes are the two main products manufactured for tourists. The Maroons have learned that colorful and ornate pangis are popular with tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other popular decorative souvenirs are hand-carved purple-hardwood made into bowls, plates, canes, wooden boxes, and wall decors. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jodensavanne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Jodensavanne.jpg/220px-Jodensavanne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Jodensavanne.jpg/330px-Jodensavanne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Jodensavanne.jpg/440px-Jodensavanne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1737" data-file-height="1023" /></a><figcaption>The remains of the synagogue on the <a href="/wiki/Jodensavanne" title="Jodensavanne">Jodensavanne</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are also many waterfalls throughout the country. Raleighvallen, or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raleighfalls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raleighfalls (page does not exist)">Raleigh Falls</a>, is a 56,000-hectare (140,000-acre) nature reserve on the <a href="/wiki/Coppename_River" title="Coppename River">Coppename River</a>, rich in bird life. Also are the <a href="/wiki/Blanche_Marie_Falls" title="Blanche Marie Falls">Blanche Marie Falls</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Nickerie_River" title="Nickerie River">Nickerie River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wonotobo_Falls" title="Wonotobo Falls">Wonotobo Falls</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tafelberg,_Suriname" title="Tafelberg, Suriname">Tafelberg Mountain</a> in the centre of the country is surrounded by its own reserve – the <a href="/wiki/Tafelberg_Nature_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafelberg Nature Reserve">Tafelberg Nature Reserve</a> – around the source of the <a href="/wiki/Saramacca_River" title="Saramacca River">Saramacca River</a>, as is the Voltzberg Nature Reserve further north on the Coppename River at Raleighvallen. In the interior are many <a href="/wiki/Maroon_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroon (people)">Maroon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amerindian" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindian">Amerindian</a> villages, many of which have their own reserves that are generally open to visitors. </p><p>Suriname is one of the few countries in the world where at least one of each <a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">biome</a> that the state possesses has been declared a wildlife reserve. Around 30% of the total land area of Suriname is protected by law as reserves. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Zeelandia_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fort_Zeelandia_2011.jpg/220px-Fort_Zeelandia_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fort_Zeelandia_2011.jpg/330px-Fort_Zeelandia_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fort_Zeelandia_2011.jpg/440px-Fort_Zeelandia_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="2320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fort_Zeelandia_(Paramaribo)" title="Fort Zeelandia (Paramaribo)">Fort Zeelandia</a> in Paramaribo</figcaption></figure> <p>Other attractions include plantations such as <a href="/wiki/Laarwijk" title="Laarwijk">Laarwijk</a>, which is situated along the Suriname River. This plantation can be reached only by boat via Domburg, in the north central <a href="/wiki/Wanica_District" title="Wanica District">Wanica District</a> of Suriname. </p><p>Crime rates continue to rise in Paramaribo and armed robberies are not uncommon. According to the current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of the 2018 report's publication, Suriname has been assessed as Level 1: exercise normal precautions.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kathedraal_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kathedraal_1.jpg/220px-Kathedraal_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kathedraal_1.jpg/330px-Kathedraal_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kathedraal_1.jpg/440px-Kathedraal_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2584" data-file-height="2073" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral,_Paramaribo" title="Saint Peter and Paul Cathedral, Paramaribo">Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul</a> in Paramaribo</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Jules_Wijdenbosch_Bridge" title="Jules Wijdenbosch Bridge">Jules Wijdenbosch Bridge</a> is a bridge over the river Suriname between Paramaribo and Meerzorg in the <a href="/wiki/Commewijne_District" title="Commewijne District">Commewijne district</a>. The bridge was built during the tenure of President <a href="/wiki/Jules_Albert_Wijdenbosch" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Albert Wijdenbosch">Jules Albert Wijdenbosch</a> (1996–2000) and was completed in 2000. The bridge is 52 metres (171 ft) high, and 1,504 metres (4,934 ft) long. It connects Paramaribo with Commewijne, a connection which previously could only be made by ferry. The purpose of the bridge was to facilitate and promote the development of the eastern part of Suriname. The bridge consists of two lanes (one lane each way) and is not accessible to pedestrians. </p><p>The construction of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral,_Paramaribo" title="Saint Peter and Paul Cathedral, Paramaribo">Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral</a> started on 13 January 1883. Before it became a cathedral it was a theatre. The theatre was built in 1809 and burned down in 1820. </p><p>Suriname is one of the few countries in the world where <a href="/wiki/Neveh_Shalom_Synagogue" title="Neveh Shalom Synagogue">a synagogue</a> is located next to <a href="/wiki/Mosque_Keizerstraat" title="Mosque Keizerstraat">a mosque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two buildings are located next to each other in the centre of Paramaribo and have been known to share a parking facility during their respective religious rites, should they happen to coincide with one another. </p><p>A relatively new landmark is the Hindu <a href="/wiki/Arya_Diwaker" title="Arya Diwaker">Arya Diwaker</a> temple in the Johan Adolf Pengelstraat in <a href="/wiki/Wanica" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanica">Wanica</a>, Paramaribo, which was inaugurated in 2001. A special characteristic of the temple is that it does not have images of the Hindu divinities, as they are forbidden in the <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a>, the Hindu movement to which the people who built the temple belong. Instead, the building is covered by many texts derived from the Vedas and other Hindu scriptures. The architecture makes the temple a tourist attraction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/32px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/48px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/64px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Suriname" title="Portal:Suriname">Suriname portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/32px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/48px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/64px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="561" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Caribbean" title="Portal:Caribbean">Caribbean portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Suriname" title="Outline of Suriname">Outline of Suriname</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> are less extensive and populous, but they are an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">overseas department</a> and <a href="/wiki/Overseas_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas region">region</a> of France and an <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="British Overseas Territory">overseas territory</a> of the United Kingdom respectively.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suriname has been carbon negative since at least 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a> made a confusion regarding the number of Surinamese migrants living in French Guiana. Their number is already included in the number for France (24,753 at the time of writing), as can be seen here: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3633212#tableau-Econtinent_radio1">données complémentaires</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170220092458/http://history.rutgers.edu/honors-papers-2015/1302-sode-honors-thesis-2015/file"><i>Suriname: An Asian Immigrant and the Organic Creation of the Caribbean's Most Unique Fusion Culture</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.rutgers.edu/honors-papers-2015/1302-sode-honors-thesis-2015/file">the original</a> on 20 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suriname%3A+An+Asian+Immigrant+and+the+Organic+Creation+of+the+Caribbean%27s+Most+Unique+Fusion+Culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.rutgers.edu%2Fhonors-papers-2015%2F1302-sode-honors-thesis-2015%2Ffile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140629112522/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf">"Censusstatistieken 2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek in Suriname (General Statistics Bureau of Suriname)</i>. p. 76. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Algemeen+Bureau+voor+de+Statistiek+in+Suriname+%28General+Statistics+Bureau+of+Suriname%29&rft.atitle=Censusstatistieken+2012&rft.pages=76&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fdemographic%2Fsources%2Fcensus%2F2010_PHC%2FSuriname%2FSUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/suriname/">"The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"</a>. <i>cia.gov</i>. 29 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cia.gov&rft.atitle=The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsuriname%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlgemeen_Bureau_voor_de_Statistiek" class="citation web cs1">Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080910012719/http://www.statistics-suriname.org/www/images/stories/pdf/2007/census%20profiel%20website%2016jan07.pdf">"Geselecteerde Census variabelen per district (Census-profiel)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ABS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics-suriname.org/www/images/stories/pdf/2007/census%20profiel%20website%2016jan07.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geselecteerde+Census+variabelen+per+district+%28Census-profiel%29&rft.pub=ABS&rft.au=Algemeen+Bureau+voor+de+Statistiek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics-suriname.org%2Fwww%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fpdf%2F2007%2Fcensus%2520profiel%2520website%252016jan07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statistics-suriname1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-statistics-suriname1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-statistics-suriname1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-statistics-suriname1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141113143359/http://www.statistics-suriname.org/index.php/statistieken/downloads/category/30-censusstatistieken-2012">"Census statistieken 2012"</a>. Statistics-suriname.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics-suriname.org/index.php/statistieken/downloads/category/30-censusstatistieken-2012">the original</a> on 13 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+statistieken+2012&rft.pub=Statistics-suriname.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics-suriname.org%2Findex.php%2Fstatistieken%2Fdownloads%2Fcategory%2F30-censusstatistieken-2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Definitieve_Resultaten_Vol_I_Etni-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Definitieve_Resultaten_Vol_I_Etni_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Definitieve_Resultaten_Vol_I_Etni_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Definitieve Resultaten (Vol I) Etniciteit". <i>Presentatie Evaluatie Rapport CENSUS 8</i>: 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presentatie+Evaluatie+Rapport+CENSUS+8&rft.atitle=Definitieve+Resultaten+%28Vol+I%29+Etniciteit&rft.pages=42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CENSUS2012-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CENSUS2012_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CENSUS2012_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CENSUS2012_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CENSUS2012_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CENSUS2012_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924105905/http://www.statistics-suriname.org/images/Presentatie.pdf">"2012 Suriname Census Definitive Results"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek – Suriname. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics-suriname.org/images/Presentatie.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+Suriname+Census+Definitive+Results&rft.pub=Algemeen+Bureau+voor+de+Statistiek+%E2%80%93+Suriname&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics-suriname.org%2Fimages%2FPresentatie.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA_Factbook-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/suriname">"Suriname"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> (2024 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Suriname&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsuriname&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2022.zip">(Archived 2022 edition.)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suriname_country_profile-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Suriname_country_profile_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suriname_country_profile_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suriname_country_profile_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-19997673">"Suriname country profile"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 23 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Suriname+country+profile&rft.date=2023-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-19997673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.SR-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.SR_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.SR_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.SR_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.SR_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=366,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Suriname)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 10 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2023+Edition.+%28Suriname%29&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D366%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNations2024" class="citation report cs1">Nations, United (13 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2023-24">Human Development Report 2023-24</a> (Report). United Nations.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023-24&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft.aulast=Nations&rft.aufirst=United&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fhuman-development-report-2023-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gini-index-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gini-index_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=SR">"GINI index"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GINI+index&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DSR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/suriname/#geography">"Suriname"</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. 29 November 2023 – via CIA.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suriname&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2023-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsuriname%2F%23geography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">"World Population Prospects 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx">"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XSLX)</span> ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022%3A+Demographic+indicators+by+region%2C+subregion+and+country%2C+annually+for+1950-2100&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2FDownload%2FFiles%2F1_Indicators%2520%28Standard%29%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F1_General%2FWPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cia_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/suriname/">"Suriname"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. Central Intelligence Agency. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Suriname&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsuriname%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taalunie.org/publicaties/134/taalonderzoek-in-nederland-vlaanderen-en-suriname-2005">"Taalonderzoek in Nederland, Vlaanderen en Suriname (2005)"</a>. <i>taal:unie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=taal%3Aunie&rft.atitle=Taalonderzoek+in+Nederland%2C+Vlaanderen+en+Suriname+%282005%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaalunie.org%2Fpublicaties%2F134%2Ftaalonderzoek-in-nederland-vlaanderen-en-suriname-2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Suriname", <i>The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, Volume 5. Edition 15, <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, 2002, p. 547</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatte2010" class="citation journal cs1">Patte, M.-F. (2010). "Arawak vs. Lokono". <i>In a Sea of Heteroglossia</i>: 1–10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+a+Sea+of+Heteroglossia&rft.atitle=Arawak+vs.+Lokono&rft.pages=1-10&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Patte&rft.aufirst=M.-F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-De_Naam_Suriname-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-De_Naam_Suriname_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-De_Naam_Suriname_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-De_Naam_Suriname_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOudschans_Dentz1919–1920" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Oudschans Dentz, F. (1919–1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22134360-90001870">"De Naam Suriname"</a>. <i>De West-Indische Gids</i>. 1st Jaarg (Tweede Deel): 13–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22134360-90001870">10.1163/22134360-90001870</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1382-2373">1382-2373</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41847495">41847495</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194102071">194102071</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=De+West-Indische+Gids&rft.atitle=De+Naam+Suriname&rft.volume=1st+Jaarg&rft.issue=Tweede+Deel&rft.pages=13-17&rft.date=1919%2F1920&rft.issn=1382-2373&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194102071%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41847495%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22134360-90001870&rft.aulast=Oudschans+Dentz&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%252F22134360-90001870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marshall-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaynes1888" class="citation book cs1">Baynes, Thomas Spencer (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=paQMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA253"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, Volume XI</i></a> (Ninth Edition—Popular Reprint ed.). <q>In 1614, the states of Holland granted to any Dutch citizen a four years' monopoly of any harbour or place of commerce which he might discover in that region (Guiana). The first settlement, however, in Suriname (in 1630) was made by an Englishman, whose name is still preserved by Marshall's Creek.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%3A+A+Dictionary+of+Arts%2C+Sciences%2C+and+General+Literature%2C+Volume+XI&rft.edition=Ninth+Edition%E2%80%94Popular+Reprint&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Baynes&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpaQMAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-International_Boundaries:_A_Case_Study-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-International_Boundaries:_A_Case_Study_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon1978" class="citation journal cs1">Menon, P.K. (October 1978). "International Boundaries: A Case Study of the Guyana-Surinam Boundary". <i>The International and Comparative Law Quarterly</i>. <b>27</b> (4): 738–768. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ficlqaj%2F27.4.738">10.1093/iclqaj/27.4.738</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/758476">758476</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+and+Comparative+Law+Quarterly&rft.atitle=International+Boundaries%3A+A+Case+Study+of+the+Guyana-Surinam+Boundary&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=738-768&rft.date=1978-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ficlqaj%2F27.4.738&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F758476%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=P.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_Services_Magazine-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-United_Services_Magazine_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkie1841" class="citation book cs1">Wilkie, Lieutenant-Colonel (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mFkcAQAAIAAJ&q=surinam+surryham&pg=PA205"><i>The United Service Journal and Naval and Military Magazine</i></a>. p. 205. <q>Coming from the south we pass Surinam, the original name of which was Surryham, so called after Lord Surry, in the time of Charles II., and since corrupted to Surinam.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+Service+Journal+and+Naval+and+Military+Magazine&rft.pages=205&rft.date=1841&rft.aulast=Wilkie&rft.aufirst=Lieutenant-Colonel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmFkcAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dsurinam%2Bsurryham%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadoe2015" class="citation web cs1">Badoe, Etta (11 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201120328/https://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york/article_dd6e910f-a882-5b2e-9771-a2caa1574e07.html">"1664 New Amsterdam becomes New York Dutch rulers surrender to England"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Queens_Chronicle" title="Queens Chronicle">Queens Chronicle</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york/article_dd6e910f-a882-5b2e-9771-a2caa1574e07.html">the original</a> on 1 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1664+New+Amsterdam+becomes+New+York+Dutch+rulers+surrender+to+England&rft.pub=Queens+Chronicle&rft.date=2015-11-11&rft.aulast=Badoe&rft.aufirst=Etta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qchron.com%2Feditions%2Fqueenswide%2Fnew-amsterdam-becomes-new-york%2Farticle_dd6e910f-a882-5b2e-9771-a2caa1574e07.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreissguth2009" class="citation book cs1">Streissguth, Tom (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surinameinpictur0000stre"><i>Suriname in Pictures</i></a></span>. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surinameinpictur0000stre/page/23">23</a>–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57505-964-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57505-964-8"><bdi>978-1-57505-964-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suriname+in+Pictures&rft.pages=23-&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-57505-964-8&rft.aulast=Streissguth&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurinameinpictur0000stre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoxer1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/C._R._Boxer" title="C. R. Boxer">Boxer, C.R.</a> (1990). <i>The Dutch Seaborne Empire</i>. Penguin. pp. 271–272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0140136180" title="Special:BookSources/978-0140136180"><bdi>978-0140136180</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dutch+Seaborne+Empire&rft.pages=271-272&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0140136180&rft.aulast=Boxer&rft.aufirst=C.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/524/">Simon M. Mentelle, "Extract of the Dutch Map Representing the Colony of Surinam"</a>, c.1777, Digital World Library via Library of Congress. Retrieved 26 May 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouma,_Michael_J.2015" class="citation journal cs1">Douma, Michael J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michaeljdouma.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/douma-cwh.pdf">"The Lincoln Administration's Negotiations to Colonize African Americans in Dutch Suriname"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Civil War History</i>. <b>61</b> (2): 111–137. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcwh.2015.0037">10.1353/cwh.2015.0037</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142674093">142674093</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Civil+War+History&rft.atitle=The+Lincoln+Administration%27s+Negotiations+to+Colonize+African+Americans+in+Dutch+Suriname&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=111-137&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcwh.2015.0037&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142674093%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Douma%2C+Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmichaeljdouma.files.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F08%2Fdouma-cwh.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.surinameview.com/sranan/geschiedenis/suriname-geschiedenis-deel-5-weer-nederlands-en-nieuwe-immigranten/">"Suriname View Geschiedenis"</a>. 30 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suriname+View+Geschiedenis&rft.date=2020-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.surinameview.com%2Fsranan%2Fgeschiedenis%2Fsuriname-geschiedenis-deel-5-weer-nederlands-en-nieuwe-immigranten%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1211306.stm">"Suriname Country Profile"</a>. BBC News. 14 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Suriname+Country+Profile&rft.date=2012-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2Fcountry_profiles%2F1211306.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120723092050/http://dutch.berkeley.edu/mcnl/immigration/the-netherlands/the-surinamese/">"Multicultural Netherlands"</a>. UC Berkeley. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dutch.berkeley.edu/mcnl/immigration/the-netherlands/the-surinamese/">the original</a> on 23 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multicultural+Netherlands&rft.pub=UC+Berkeley&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdutch.berkeley.edu%2Fmcnl%2Fimmigration%2Fthe-netherlands%2Fthe-surinamese%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120105003256/http://faculty.virginia.edu/setear/students/fdrneutr/38%20to%2041%20Alt.htm#November1">World War II Timeline</a>. Faculty.virginia.edu. Retrieved 15 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trisonline.nl/de-tris/tweede-wereldoorlog/">"Tweede wereldoorlog"</a>. <i>TRIS Online</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TRIS+Online&rft.atitle=Tweede+wereldoorlog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trisonline.nl%2Fde-tris%2Ftweede-wereldoorlog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurice_Blessing2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maurice Blessing (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historischnieuwsblad.nl/wilhemina-preekt-de-revolutie/">"Wilhemina preekt de revolutie"</a> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wilhemina+preekt+de+revolutie&rft.date=2013-10&rft.au=Maurice+Blessing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historischnieuwsblad.nl%2Fwilhemina-preekt-de-revolutie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obituary, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 24 January 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVezzoli2014" class="citation web cs1">Vezzoli, Simona (November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:64e1aae0-e515-4779-9e21-8b64ff65b4d2/files/sjs956g29b">"The evolution of Surinamese emigration across and beyond independence: The role of origin and destination states"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IMI Working Papers Series</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Migration_Institute" title="International Migration Institute">International Migration Institute</a> (IMI), University of Oxford. DEMIG project paper 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMI+Working+Papers+Series&rft.atitle=The+evolution+of+Surinamese+emigration+across+and+beyond+independence%3A+The+role+of+origin+and+destination+states&rft.date=2014-11&rft.aulast=Vezzoli&rft.aufirst=Simona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fora.ox.ac.uk%2Fobjects%2Fuuid%3A64e1aae0-e515-4779-9e21-8b64ff65b4d2%2Ffiles%2Fsjs956g29b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v23/d334">"Foreign Relations, 1977–1980, Volume XXIII, Mexico, Cuba, and the Caribbean – Office of the Historian"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Relations%2C+1977%E2%80%931980%2C+Volume+XXIII%2C+Mexico%2C+Cuba%2C+and+the+Caribbean+%E2%80%93+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1977-80v23%2Fd334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Janssen2011-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Janssen2011_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_Janssen2011" class="citation book cs1">Roger Janssen (1 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kXdhAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA60"><i>In Search of a Path: An Analysis of the Foreign Policy of Suriname from 1975 to 1991</i></a>. BRILL. pp. 60–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25367-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25367-4"><bdi>978-90-04-25367-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+a+Path%3A+An+Analysis+of+the+Foreign+Policy+of+Suriname+from+1975+to+1991&rft.pages=60-&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25367-4&rft.au=Roger+Janssen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkXdhAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetty_Sedoc-Dahlberg" class="citation web cs1">Betty Sedoc-Dahlberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180413153357/https://refuge.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/refuge/article/download/21454/20129">"Refugees from Suriname"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://refuge.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/refuge/article/download/21454/20129">the original</a> on 13 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Refugees+from+Suriname&rft.au=Betty+Sedoc-Dahlberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frefuge.journals.yorku.ca%2Findex.php%2Frefuge%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F21454%2F20129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.starnieuws.com/index.php/welcome/index/nieuwsitem/9910">"Bouterse heeft Daal en Rambocus doodgeschoten"</a>. Network Star Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname. 23 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bouterse+heeft+Daal+en+Rambocus+doodgeschoten&rft.pub=Network+Star+Suriname%2C+Paramaribo%2C+Suriname&rft.date=2012-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.starnieuws.com%2Findex.php%2Fwelcome%2Findex%2Fnieuwsitem%2F9910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blada.com/data/File/2012pdf/panoimmigr102012.pdf">"Panorama de la population immigrée en Guyane"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Panorama+de+la+population+immigr%C3%A9e+en+Guyane&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blada.com%2Fdata%2FFile%2F2012pdf%2Fpanoimmigr102012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeilan1999" class="citation news cs1">Neilan, Terence (17 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/17/world/world-briefing.html">"World Briefing"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=World+Briefing&rft.date=1999-07-17&rft.aulast=Neilan&rft.aufirst=Terence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F07%2F17%2Fworld%2Fworld-briefing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-10690930"><i>Suriname ex-strongman Bouterse back in power</i></a>, In: <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 19 July 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/content/suriname-bouterse-secures-second-presidential-term/2862157.html">Suriname's Bouterse Secures Second Presidential Term</a>, <i>Voice of America News</i>, 14 July 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Associated_Press2019" class="citation news cs1">The Associated Press (29 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/29/world/americas/suriname-president-convicted-in-1982-killings.html">"Suriname President Convicted in 1982 Killings"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Suriname+President+Convicted+in+1982+Killings&rft.date=2019-11-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.au=The+Associated+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F11%2F29%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fsuriname-president-convicted-in-1982-killings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gfcnieuws.com/vhp-grote-winnaar-verkiezingen-25-mei-2020/">"VHP grote winnaar verkiezingen 25 mei 2020"</a>. <i>GFC Nieuws</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GFC+Nieuws&rft.atitle=VHP+grote+winnaar+verkiezingen+25+mei+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gfcnieuws.com%2Fvhp-grote-winnaar-verkiezingen-25-mei-2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbsuriname.com/2020/07/08/breaking-ndp-dient-geen-lijst-in/">"Breaking: NDP dient geen lijst in"</a>. <i>Dagblad Suriname</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dagblad+Suriname&rft.atitle=Breaking%3A+NDP+dient+geen+lijst+in&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbsuriname.com%2F2020%2F07%2F08%2Fbreaking-ndp-dient-geen-lijst-in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115220444/http://dwtonline.com/laatste-nieuws/2020/07/13/live-blog-verkiezing-president-en-vicepresident-suriname/">"Live blog: Verkiezing president en vicepresident Suriname"</a>. <i>De Ware Tijd</i> (in Dutch). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dwtonline.com/laatste-nieuws/2020/07/13/live-blog-verkiezing-president-en-vicepresident-suriname/">the original</a> on 15 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=De+Ware+Tijd&rft.atitle=Live+blog%3A+Verkiezing+president+en+vicepresident+Suriname&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdwtonline.com%2Flaatste-nieuws%2F2020%2F07%2F13%2Flive-blog-verkiezing-president-en-vicepresident-suriname%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waterkant.net/suriname/2020/07/12/inauguratie-nieuwe-president-van-suriname-op-onafhankelijkheidsplein/">"Inauguratie nieuwe president van Suriname op Onafhankelijkheidsplein"</a>. <i>Waterkant</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waterkant&rft.atitle=Inauguratie+nieuwe+president+van+Suriname+op+Onafhankelijkheidsplein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterkant.net%2Fsuriname%2F2020%2F07%2F12%2Finauguratie-nieuwe-president-van-suriname-op-onafhankelijkheidsplein%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuipers2023" class="citation news cs1">Kuipers, Ank (18 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/protesters-storm-surinames-parliament-rampage-through-capital-rally-turns-ugly-2023-02-17/">"Protesters storm Suriname's parliament as anti-austerity rally turns chaotic"</a>. Reuters.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Protesters+storm+Suriname%27s+parliament+as+anti-austerity+rally+turns+chaotic&rft.date=2023-02-18&rft.aulast=Kuipers&rft.aufirst=Ank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fprotesters-storm-surinames-parliament-rampage-through-capital-rally-turns-ugly-2023-02-17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/suriname/">"Suriname: Government"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Suriname%3A+Government&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsuriname%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-minbuza-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-minbuza_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-minbuza_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714163522/http://www.minbuza.nl/en/news/2011/11/the-netherlands-and-suriname-are-closely-linked.html">"The Netherlands and Suriname are closely linked"</a>. MinBuZa.nl. 18 November 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minbuza.nl/en/news/2011/11/the-netherlands-and-suriname-are-closely-linked.html">the original</a> on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Netherlands+and+Suriname+are+closely+linked&rft.pub=MinBuZa.nl&rft.date=2011-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minbuza.nl%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2011%2F11%2Fthe-netherlands-and-suriname-are-closely-linked.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20110323/business/business81.html">"Holland to redefine relationship with Suriname"</a>. <i>Jamaica Gleaner</i>. 23 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jamaica+Gleaner&rft.atitle=Holland+to+redefine+relationship+with+Suriname&rft.date=2011-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjamaica-gleaner.com%2Fgleaner%2F20110323%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness81.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1893.htm">"Suriname"</a>. US Department of State. 3 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suriname&rft.pub=US+Department+of+State&rft.date=2013-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F1893.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singaporebook-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-singaporebook_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>50 Years of Singapore and the United Nations</i>. World Scientific. 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4713-03-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4713-03-0"><bdi>978-981-4713-03-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=50+Years+of+Singapore+and+the+United+Nations&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-981-4713-03-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span>access-date=28 March 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eeas.europa.eu/suriname/index_en.htm">"European Union – EEAS (European External Action Service) | EU Relations with Suriname"</a>. Europa (web portal). 19 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Union+%E2%80%93+EEAS+%28European+External+Action+Service%29+%26%23124%3B+EU+Relations+with+Suriname&rft.pub=Europa+%28web+portal%29&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feeas.europa.eu%2Fsuriname%2Findex_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120803040613/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/speeches/bilateralcoop_barbados_suriname_arthur.jsp">"STATEMENT BY THE RIGHT HONOURABLE OWEN S. ARTHUR, PRIME MINISTER, BARBADOS, ON THE OCCASION OF THE SIGNING OF THE AGREEMENT FOR THE DEEPENING OF BILATERAL COOPERATION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF BARBADOS AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SURINAME, 17 FEBRUARY 2005, PARAMARIBO, SURINAME"</a>. Caribbean Community (CARICOM). 17 February 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caricom.org/jsp/speeches/bilateralcoop_barbados_suriname_arthur.jsp">the original</a> on 3 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STATEMENT+BY+THE+RIGHT+HONOURABLE+OWEN+S.+ARTHUR%2C+PRIME+MINISTER%2C+BARBADOS%2C+ON+THE+OCCASION+OF+THE+SIGNING+OF+THE+AGREEMENT+FOR+THE+DEEPENING+OF+BILATERAL+COOPERATION+BETWEEN+THE+GOVERNMENT+OF+BARBADOS+AND+THE+GOVERNMENT+OF+THE+REPUBLIC+OF+SURINAME%2C+17+FEBRUARY+2005%2C+PARAMARIBO%2C+SURINAME&rft.pub=Caribbean+Community+%28CARICOM%29&rft.date=2005-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caricom.org%2Fjsp%2Fspeeches%2Fbilateralcoop_barbados_suriname_arthur.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706132148/http://foreign.gov.bb/Userfiles/File/suriname%20and%20bados%20jc.pdf">Agreement for the Suriname-Barbados Joint Commission</a>. foreign.gov.bb. 13 March 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gisbarbados.gov.bb/index.php?categoryid=13&p2_articleid=5380">"BGIS Media – Press Releases – Second Meeting of the Barbados/Suriname Joint Commission"</a>. Gisbarbados.gov.bb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BGIS+Media+%E2%80%93+Press+Releases+%E2%80%93+Second+Meeting+of+the+Barbados%2FSuriname+Joint+Commission&rft.pub=Gisbarbados.gov.bb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gisbarbados.gov.bb%2Findex.php%3Fcategoryid%3D13%26p2_articleid%3D5380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErthal_Abdenur,_Adriana2013" class="citation journal cs1">Erthal Abdenur, Adriana (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140108023826/http://www.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/integracion_comercio/i_INTAL_IYT_36_2013_Abdenur.pdf">"South-South Cooperation in Suriname: New Prospects for Infrastructure Integration?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Integration and Trade</i>. <b>36</b> (17): 95–104. Archived from the original on 8 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Integration+and+Trade&rft.atitle=South-South+Cooperation+in+Suriname%3A+New+Prospects+for+Infrastructure+Integration%3F&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=95-104&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Erthal+Abdenur%2C+Adriana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iadb.org%2Fintal%2Fintalcdi%2Fintegracion_comercio%2Fi_INTAL_IYT_36_2013_Abdenur.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiscover_Suriname" class="citation web cs1">Discover Suriname. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discover-suriname.com/about-suriname">"About Suriname | Discover Suriname"</a>. <i>www.discover-suriname.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.discover-suriname.com&rft.atitle=About+Suriname+%26%23124%3B+Discover+Suriname&rft.au=Discover+Suriname&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discover-suriname.com%2Fabout-suriname&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geohive.com/cntry/suriname.aspx">"Suriname at GeoHive"</a>. Geohive.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suriname+at+GeoHive&rft.pub=Geohive.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geohive.com%2Fcntry%2Fsuriname.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinersteinOlsonJoshiVynne2017" class="citation journal cs1">Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287">"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"</a>. <i>BioScience</i>. <b>67</b> (6): 534–545. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014">10.1093/biosci/bix014</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568">0006-3568</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287">5451287</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28608869">28608869</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=An+Ecoregion-Based+Approach+to+Protecting+Half+the+Terrestrial+Realm&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=534-545&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0006-3568&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28608869&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014&rft.aulast=Dinerstein&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Olson%2C+David&rft.au=Joshi%2C+Anup&rft.au=Vynne%2C+Carly&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Neil+D.&rft.au=Wikramanayake%2C+Eric&rft.au=Hahn%2C+Nathan&rft.au=Palminteri%2C+Suzanne&rft.au=Hedao%2C+Prashant&rft.au=Noss%2C+Reed&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Matt&rft.au=Locke%2C+Harvey&rft.au=Ellis%2C+Erle+C&rft.au=Jones%2C+Benjamin&rft.au=Barber%2C+Charles+Victor&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Randy&rft.au=Kormos%2C+Cyril&rft.au=Martin%2C+Vance&rft.au=Crist%2C+Eileen&rft.au=Sechrest%2C+Wes&rft.au=Price%2C+Lori&rft.au=Baillie%2C+Jonathan+E.+M.&rft.au=Weeden%2C+Don&rft.au=Suckling%2C+Kier%C3%A1n&rft.au=Davis%2C+Crystal&rft.au=Sizer%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Moore%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Thau%2C+David&rft.au=Birch%2C+Tanya&rft.au=Potapov%2C+Peter&rft.au=Turubanova%2C+Svetlana&rft.au=Tyukavina%2C+Alexandra&rft.au=de+Souza%2C+Nadia&rft.au=Pintea%2C+Lilian&rft.au=Brito%2C+Jos%C3%A9+C.&rft.au=Llewellyn%2C+Othman+A.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Anthony+G.&rft.au=Patzelt%2C+Annette&rft.au=Ghazanfar%2C+Shahina+A.&rft.au=Timberlake%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Kl%C3%B6ser%2C+Heinz&rft.au=Shennan-Farp%C3%B3n%2C+Yara&rft.au=Kindt%2C+Roeland&rft.au=Lilles%C3%B8%2C+Jens-Peter+Barnekow&rft.au=van+Breugel%2C+Paulo&rft.au=Graudal%2C+Lars&rft.au=Voge%2C+Maianna&rft.au=Al-Shammari%2C+Khalaf+F.&rft.au=Saleem%2C+Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGranthamDuncanEvansJones2020" class="citation journal cs1">Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057">"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material"</a>. <i>Nature Communications</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 5978. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatCo..11.5978G">2020NatCo..11.5978G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-020-19493-3">10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2041-1723">2041-1723</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057">7723057</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33293507">33293507</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Anthropogenic+modification+of+forests+means+only+40%25+of+remaining+forests+have+high+ecosystem+integrity+%E2%80%93+Supplementary+Material&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5978&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7723057%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020NatCo..11.5978G&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33293507&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-020-19493-3&rft.issn=2041-1723&rft.aulast=Grantham&rft.aufirst=H.+S.&rft.au=Duncan%2C+A.&rft.au=Evans%2C+T.+D.&rft.au=Jones%2C+K.+R.&rft.au=Beyer%2C+H.+L.&rft.au=Schuster%2C+R.&rft.au=Walston%2C+J.&rft.au=Ray%2C+J.+C.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+J.+G.&rft.au=Callow%2C+M.&rft.au=Clements%2C+T.&rft.au=Costa%2C+H.+M.&rft.au=DeGemmis%2C+A.&rft.au=Elsen%2C+P.+R.&rft.au=Ervin%2C+J.&rft.au=Franco%2C+P.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+E.&rft.au=Goetz%2C+S.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+A.&rft.au=Hofsvang%2C+E.&rft.au=Jantz%2C+P.&rft.au=Jupiter%2C+S.&rft.au=Kang%2C+A.&rft.au=Langhammer%2C+P.&rft.au=Laurance%2C+W.+F.&rft.au=Lieberman%2C+S.&rft.au=Linkie%2C+M.&rft.au=Malhi%2C+Y.&rft.au=Maxwell%2C+S.&rft.au=Mendez%2C+M.&rft.au=Mittermeier%2C+R.&rft.au=Murray%2C+N.+J.&rft.au=Possingham%2C+H.&rft.au=Radachowsky%2C+J.&rft.au=Saatchi%2C+S.&rft.au=Samper%2C+C.&rft.au=Silverman%2C+J.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+A.&rft.au=Strassburg%2C+B.&rft.au=Stevens%2C+T.&rft.au=Stokes%2C+E.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+R.&rft.au=Tear%2C+T.&rft.au=Tizard%2C+R.&rft.au=Venter%2C+O.&rft.au=Visconti%2C+P.&rft.au=Wang%2C+S.&rft.au=Watson%2C+J.+E.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7723057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">Permanent Court of Arbitration</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asp?pag_id=1147">Guyana v. Suriname</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130208082359/http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asp?pag_id=1147">Archived</a> 8 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pca-cpa.org/showfile.asp?fil_id=664">Award of the Tribunal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110102053445/http://pca-cpa.org/showfile.asp?fil_id=664">Archived</a> 2 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. pca-cpa.org. Retrieved 15 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/01/1056422">"Suriname's climate promise, for a sustainable future"</a>. <i>UN News</i>. 31 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=Suriname%27s+climate+promise%2C+for+a+sustainable+future&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2020%2F01%2F1056422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inaturalist.org/places/suriname">"Suriname"</a>. inaturalist.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suriname&rft.pub=inaturalist.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inaturalist.org%2Fplaces%2Fsuriname&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/oct/03/new-species-suriname-frog">Cocoa frog and lilliputian beetle among 60 new species found in Suriname</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (3 October 2013). Retrieved 7 October 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003055806/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/10351238/New-species-discovered-in-Surinames-mountain-rainforests.html">New species discovered in Surname's mountain rainforests</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i> (2 October 2013). Retrieved 7 October 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/science/scientists-discover-scores-species-surinames-tropical-eden-8C11339818">Scientists discover scores of species in Suriname's 'Tropical Eden'</a>. NBC News (7 October 2013). Retrieved 7 October 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126234340/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/01/pictures/120125-suriname-new-species-armored-catfish-cowboy-frog-science/">New-Species Pictures: Cowboy Frog, Armored Catfish, More</a>. <i>National Geographic</i> (1 January 2012). Retrieved 7 October 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/03/new-species-suriname_n_4038741.html">Discover 60 New Species In Suriname</a>. <i>The Huffington Post</i> (3 October 2013). Retrieved 7 October 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profor.info/sites/profor.info/files/publication/LAC_2007_Law%20Compliance_Prevention%20and%20Control%20of%20Illegal%20Activities%20in%20the%20Forest%20Sector%20of%20Suriname.pdf">Law Compliance, and prevention, and control of illegal activities in the forest sector of Suriname</a></i>, Maureen Playfair</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jamaica-gleaner.com/extra/article.php?id=2255">Suriname gets the nod for environment programme – News – Global Jamaica</a>. Jamaica-gleaner.com (25 March 2013). Retrieved 12 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardians-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardians_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conservation.org/NewsRoom/pressreleases/Pages/Guardians-of-the-Forest-Indigenous-Peoples-Take-Action-to-Conserve-Nearly-Half-of-Suriname.aspx">"Guardians of the Forest: Indigenous Peoples Take Action to Conserve Nearly Half of Suriname"</a>, 5 March 2015, Press Release, Conservation International. Retrieved 6 October 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdpa.org/"><i>World Databbase on Protected Areas</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090804170907/http://www.wdpa.org/">Archived</a> 4 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/01/1056422">"Suriname's climate promise, for a sustainable future"</a>. <i>UN News</i>. 31 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201110002634/https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/01/1056422">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=Suriname%27s+climate+promise%2C+for+a+sustainable+future&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2020%2F01%2F1056422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbsuriname.com/2022/10/04/overheidsinkomsten-uit-goudsector-stijgen-dit-jaar-verder/">"Overheidsinkomsten uit goudsector stijgen dit jaar verder"</a>. <i>Dagblad Suriname</i> (in Dutch). 4 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dagblad+Suriname&rft.atitle=Overheidsinkomsten+uit+goudsector+stijgen+dit+jaar+verder&rft.date=2022-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbsuriname.com%2F2022%2F10%2F04%2Foverheidsinkomsten-uit-goudsector-stijgen-dit-jaar-verder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.starnieuws.com/index.php/welcome/index/nieuwsitem/80975">"Starnieuws - Column: De bijdrage van goud aan de economie van Suriname"</a>. <i>m.starnieuws.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=m.starnieuws.com&rft.atitle=Starnieuws+-+Column%3A+De+bijdrage+van+goud+aan+de+economie+van+Suriname&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.starnieuws.com%2Findex.php%2Fwelcome%2Findex%2Fnieuwsitem%2F80975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.staatsolie.com/en/news/agm-approves-2022-financial-statements-contribution-of-us-320-million-to-the-state-treasury/">"Staatsolie - Suriname's National Energy, Oil & Gas Company - AGM Approves 2022 Financial Statements; Contribution of US$ 320 million to the State treasury"</a>. <i>www.staatsolie.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.staatsolie.com&rft.atitle=Staatsolie+-+Suriname%27s+National+Energy%2C+Oil+%26+Gas+Company+-+AGM+Approves+2022+Financial+Statements%3B+Contribution+of+US%24+320+million+to+the+State+treasury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.staatsolie.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fagm-approves-2022-financial-statements-contribution-of-us-320-million-to-the-state-treasury%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dagbladdewest.com/2023/06/25/staatsolie-draagt-enorm-bij-aan-staatskas/">"De West - STAATSOLIE DRAAGT ENORM BIJ AAN STAATSKAS - DE WEST"</a>. <i>dagbladdewest.com</i>. 25 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dagbladdewest.com&rft.atitle=De+West+-+STAATSOLIE+DRAAGT+ENORM+BIJ+AAN+STAATSKAS+-+DE+WEST&rft.date=2023-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdagbladdewest.com%2F2023%2F06%2F25%2Fstaatsolie-draagt-enorm-bij-aan-staatskas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://surinamenieuwscentrale.com/staatsolie-draagt-us-335-miljoen-bij-aan-de-staatskas-2023">"Staatsolie draagt US$ 335 miljoen bij aan de staatskas in 2023 | Suriname Nieuws Centrale"</a>. <i>surinamenieuwscentrale.com</i> (in Dutch). 7 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=surinamenieuwscentrale.com&rft.atitle=Staatsolie+draagt+US%24+335+miljoen+bij+aan+de+staatskas+in+2023+%7C+Suriname+Nieuws+Centrale&rft.date=2024-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsurinamenieuwscentrale.com%2Fstaatsolie-draagt-us-335-miljoen-bij-aan-de-staatskas-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=28224">rigzone.com</a>; <i>Staatsolie Launches Tender for 3 Offshore Blocks</i> (3 January 2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808034224/http://www.cambior.com/2/archives/annual_report/2001/development.pdf">cambior.com</a>; <i>Development of the Gross Rosebel Mine in Suriname</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Suriname-FOREIGN-TRADE.html">"Suriname – Foreign trade"</a>. Encyclopedia of the Nations. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suriname+%E2%80%93+Foreign+trade&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+of+the+Nations&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationsencyclopedia.com%2FAmericas%2FSuriname-FOREIGN-TRADE.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 2008 Edition, London: Profile Books</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations"</a>. <i>population.un.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=population.un.org&rft.atitle=World+Population+Prospects+%E2%80%93+Population+Division+%E2%80%93+United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/suriname-population">"World Population Review"</a>. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Review&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcountries%2Fsuriname-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAPAPUANEWGUINEA-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIAPAPUANEWGUINEA_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/suriname/">"South America :: SURINAME"</a>. CIA The World Factbook. 17 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+America+%3A%3A+SURINAME&rft.pub=CIA+The+World+Factbook&rft.date=2022-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsuriname%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170220092458/http://history.rutgers.edu/honors-papers-2015/1302-sode-honors-thesis-2015/file"><i>Suriname: An Asian Immigrant and the Organic Creation of the Caribbean's Most Unique Fusion Culture</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.rutgers.edu/honors-papers-2015/1302-sode-honors-thesis-2015/file">the original</a> on 20 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suriname%3A+An+Asian+Immigrant+and+the+Organic+Creation+of+the+Caribbean%27s+Most+Unique+Fusion+Culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.rutgers.edu%2Fhonors-papers-2015%2F1302-sode-honors-thesis-2015%2Ffile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140629112522/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf">"Censusstatistieken 2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek in Suriname (General Statistics Bureau of Suriname)</i>. p. 76. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Algemeen+Bureau+voor+de+Statistiek+in+Suriname+%28General+Statistics+Bureau+of+Suriname%29&rft.atitle=Censusstatistieken+2012&rft.pages=76&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fdemographic%2Fsources%2Fcensus%2F2010_PHC%2FSuriname%2FSUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/suriname/">"The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"</a>. <i>cia.gov</i>. 29 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cia.gov&rft.atitle=The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsuriname%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statistics-suriname12-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-statistics-suriname12_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-statistics-suriname12_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141113143359/http://www.statistics-suriname.org/index.php/statistieken/downloads/category/30-censusstatistieken-2012">"Census statistieken 2012"</a>. Statistics-suriname.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics-suriname.org/index.php/statistieken/downloads/category/30-censusstatistieken-2012">the original</a> on 13 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+statistieken+2012&rft.pub=Statistics-suriname.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics-suriname.org%2Findex.php%2Fstatistieken%2Fdownloads%2Fcategory%2F30-censusstatistieken-2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Definitieve Resultaten (Vol I) Etniciteit". <i>Presentatie Evaluatie Rapport CENSUS 8</i>: 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presentatie+Evaluatie+Rapport+CENSUS+8&rft.atitle=Definitieve+Resultaten+%28Vol+I%29+Etniciteit&rft.pages=42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-javanese_in_suriname-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-javanese_in_suriname_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Indonesian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110316132831/http://unik.kompasiana.com/2011/03/14/orang-jawa-di-suriname/">Orang Jawa di Suriname (Javanese in Suriname)</a>, <i>kompasiana</i> (14 March 2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/violence-erupts-surinam">Violence erupts in Surinam</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100102065401/http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/violence-erupts-surinam">Archived</a> 2 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. 26 December 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Organization_for_Migration" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501120652/https://www.iom.int/world-migration">"World Migration"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iom.int/world-migration">the original</a> on 1 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Migration&rft.au=International+Organization+for+Migration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iom.int%2Fworld-migration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grf-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grf_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grf_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grf_102-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140123085725/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/suriname#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016">"Suriname"</a>. <i>Global Religious Futures Project</i>. Pew Research Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/suriname#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016">the original</a> on 23 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Religious+Futures+Project&rft.atitle=Suriname&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalreligiousfutures.org%2Fcountries%2Fsuriname%23%2F%3Faffiliations_religion_id%3D0%26affiliations_year%3D2020%26region_name%3DAll%2520Countries%26restrictions_year%3D2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/">"Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project – Research and data from Pew Research Center"</a>. 19 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pew-Templeton+Global+Religious+Futures+Project+%E2%80%93+Research+and+data+from+Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2024-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ftopic%2Freligion%2Freligious-demographics%2Fpew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taalgebied-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taalgebied_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taalunieversum.org/taalpeil/2005/het_nederlandse_taalgebied.html">"Het Nederlandse taalgebied"</a> (in Dutch). Nederlandse Taalunie. 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Het+Nederlandse+taalgebied&rft.pub=Nederlandse+Taalunie&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaalunieversum.org%2Ftaalpeil%2F2005%2Fhet_nederlandse_taalgebied.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taalunieversum.org/en/about_us/">Nederlandse Taalunie</a>. taalunieversum.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Prisma Woordenboek Surinaams Nederlands</i>, edited by Renata de Bies, in cooperation with Willy Martin and Willy Smedts, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-491-0054-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-491-0054-4">978-90-491-0054-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT2008-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT2008_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Romero" title="Simon Romero">Romero, Simon</a> (23 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/23/world/americas/23suriname.html">"In Babel of Tongues, Suriname Seeks Itself"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Babel+of+Tongues%2C+Suriname+Seeks+Itself&rft.date=2008-03-23&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F03%2F23%2Fworld%2Famericas%2F23suriname.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/suriname">"Suriname - Summary"</a>. <i>Climate Change Knowledge Portal</i>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+Change+Knowledge+Portal&rft.atitle=Suriname+-+Summary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org%2Fcountry%2Fsuriname&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geonames.org/SR/largest-cities-in-suriname.html">"Biggest Cities Suriname"</a>. <i>www.geonames.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.geonames.org&rft.atitle=Biggest+Cities+Suriname&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geonames.org%2FSR%2Flargest-cities-in-suriname.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brussels.embassy.gov.sr/about-suriname/national-holidays/">"National Holidays – the Embassy of the Republic of Suriname in Belgium"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Holidays+%E2%80%93+the+Embassy+of+the+Republic+of+Suriname+in+Belgium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrussels.embassy.gov.sr%2Fabout-suriname%2Fnational-holidays%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sr.usembassy.gov/holiday-calendar/">"Holiday Calendar"</a>. U.S. Embassy in Suriname<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Holiday+Calendar&rft.pub=U.S.+Embassy+in+Suriname&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsr.usembassy.gov%2Fholiday-calendar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725081932/http://dwtonline.com/laatste-nieuws/2020/07/25/eid-ul-adha-vrije-dag/">"Eid-ul-Adha vrije dag"</a>. <i>De Ware Tijd</i> (in Dutch). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dwtonline.com/laatste-nieuws/2020/07/25/eid-ul-adha-vrije-dag/">the original</a> on 25 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=De+Ware+Tijd&rft.atitle=Eid-ul-Adha+vrije+dag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdwtonline.com%2Flaatste-nieuws%2F2020%2F07%2F25%2Feid-ul-adha-vrije-dag%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140922204719/http://www.funtrivia.com/en/subtopics/A-Sabbatical-in-Suriname-334838.html">"A Sabbatical in Suriname – Fun Facts, Questions, Answers, Information"</a>. Funtrivia.com. 25 February 1980. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.funtrivia.com/en/subtopics/A-Sabbatical-in-Suriname-334838.html">the original</a> on 22 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Sabbatical+in+Suriname+%E2%80%93+Fun+Facts%2C+Questions%2C+Answers%2C+Information&rft.pub=Funtrivia.com&rft.date=1980-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.funtrivia.com%2Fen%2Fsubtopics%2FA-Sabbatical-in-Suriname-334838.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055955/http://www.olympischstadion.nl/nl/2_nieuws/?news_id=913">"Het debuut van Humphrey Mijnals"</a>. Olympisch Stadion. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympischstadion.nl/nl/2_nieuws/?news_id=913">the original</a> on 21 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Het+debuut+van+Humphrey+Mijnals&rft.pub=Olympisch+Stadion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympischstadion.nl%2Fnl%2F2_nieuws%2F%3Fnews_id%3D913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espncricinfo.com/netherlands/content/player/54678.html">Iris Jharap player profile and statistics</a> – ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 1 December 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnw.nl/suriname/article/het-blijft-bij-een-keer-brons-op-cacso">Het blijft bij één keer brons op Cacso| Radio Nederland Wereldomroep</a>. Rnw.nl (27 September 2012). Retrieved 12 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.london2012.com/athlete/soeroredjo-virgil-1102087/">Results And Medalists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130404122609/http://www.london2012.com/athlete/soeroredjo-virgil-1102087/">Archived</a> 4 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. London2012.com. Retrieved 12 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SN-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SN_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Starnieuws, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.starnieuws.com/index.php/welcome/index/nieuwsitem/38230">Hall of Fame na twaalf jaar een feit geworden</a>, 6 November 2016 <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/04/world/in-suriname-s-rain-forests-a-fight-over-trees-vs-jobs.html">In Suriname's Rain Forests, A Fight Over Trees vs. Jobs</a>, Anthony DePalma, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 4 September 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Scientist-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_Scientist_120-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_Scientist_120-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qfak8nsMNGIC&dq=New+Scientist++Indonesia+drive+Napoleon&pg=PA18"><i>New Scientist</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408103902/https://books.google.com/books?id=qfak8nsMNGIC&dq=New+Scientist++Indonesia+drive+Napoleon&pg=PA18">Archived</a> 8 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 25 December 1986 – 1 January 1987, page 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kincaid_Rule-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kincaid_Rule_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QatPAAAAMAAJ&q=Dutch"><i>The Rule of the Road: An International Guide to History and Practice</i></a>, Peter Kincaid, Greenwood Press, 1986, page 138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/suriname/">"Suriname – The World Factbook"</a>. <i>www.cia.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov&rft.atitle=Suriname+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsuriname%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Suriname/Transport">"Suriname Transport Facts & Stats"</a>. <i>www.nationmaster.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nationmaster.com&rft.atitle=Suriname+Transport+Facts+%26+Stats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationmaster.com%2Fcountry-info%2Fprofiles%2FSuriname%2FTransport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.aa.com/news/news-details/2021/American-Airlines-Becomes-the-Only-US-Carrier-with-Nonstop-Service-from-Miami-to-Tel-Aviv-and-Paramaribo-Suriname-NET-RTS-02/default.aspx">"American Airlines Becomes the Only US Carrier with Nonstop Service from Miami to Tel Aviv and Paramaribo, Suriname"</a>. <i>news.aa.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.aa.com&rft.atitle=American+Airlines+Becomes+the+Only+US+Carrier+with+Nonstop+Service+from+Miami+to+Tel+Aviv+and+Paramaribo%2C+Suriname&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.aa.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-details%2F2021%2FAmerican-Airlines-Becomes-the-Only-US-Carrier-with-Nonstop-Service-from-Miami-to-Tel-Aviv-and-Paramaribo-Suriname-NET-RTS-02%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/">"GBD Compare | IHME Viz Hub"</a>. <i>vizhub.healthdata.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vizhub.healthdata.org&rft.atitle=GBD+Compare+%7C+IHME+Viz+Hub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvizhub.healthdata.org%2Fgbd-compare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" class="citation web cs1">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510010240/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,SUR,4562d94e2,48caa491c,0.html">"The UN Refugee Agency"</a>. Unhcr.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,SUR,4562d94e2,48caa491c,0.html">the original</a> on 10 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+UN+Refugee+Agency&rft.pub=Unhcr.org&rft.au=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fcountry%2C%2C%2C%2CSUR%2C4562d94e2%2C48caa491c%2C0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hdrstats.undp.org-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hdrstats.undp.org_127-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hdrstats.undp.org_127-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090818084138/http://hdrstats.undp.org/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_SUR.html">"United Nations Development Programme"</a>. Hdrstats.undp.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdrstats.undp.org/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_SUR.html">the original</a> on 18 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.pub=Hdrstats.undp.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdrstats.undp.org%2Fcountries%2Fdata_sheets%2Fcty_ds_SUR.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Koninckde_Vries2008" class="citation book cs1">De Koninck, Marc; de Vries, Ellen (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ellendevries.nl/upload/epiloog.pdf"><i>K'ranti! De Surinaamse pers 1774–2008</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 235–243.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%27ranti%21+De+Surinaamse+pers+1774%E2%80%932008&rft.pages=235-243&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=De+Koninck&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.au=de+Vries%2C+Ellen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ellendevries.nl%2Fupload%2Fepiloog.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2011-2012,1043.html">Press Freedom Index 2011–2012 – Reporters Without Borders</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230901/http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2011-2012%2C1043.html">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Reports Without Borders. Retrieved 15 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rd.nl/kerk-religie/surinaamse-broedergemeente-stapt-in-ecotoerisme-1.604989">"Surinaamse Broedergemeente stapt in ecotoerisme"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reformatorisch_Dagblad" title="Reformatorisch Dagblad">Reformatorisch Dagblad</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reformatorisch+Dagblad&rft.atitle=Surinaamse+Broedergemeente+stapt+in+ecotoerisme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rd.nl%2Fkerk-religie%2Fsurinaamse-broedergemeente-stapt-in-ecotoerisme-1.604989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130208082657/http://www.tonka-eiland.com/kennis.php">"Tonka-eiland Saramaccaans kennis-centrum en Eco-toeristisch paradijs"</a>. Tonka-Eiland. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tonka-eiland.com/kennis.php">the original</a> on 8 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tonka-eiland+Saramaccaans+kennis-centrum+en+Eco-toeristisch+paradijs&rft.pub=Tonka-Eiland&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tonka-eiland.com%2Fkennis.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrouns2011" class="citation web cs1">Brouns, Rachelle (February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117135408/http://geography2.ruhosting.nl/masterthesis/scripties/BrounsRachelle.pdf">"People in the beating heart of the Amazon"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Radboud university Nijmegen. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography2.ruhosting.nl/masterthesis/scripties/BrounsRachelle.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=People+in+the+beating+heart+of+the+Amazon&rft.pub=Radboud+university+Nijmegen&rft.date=2011-02&rft.aulast=Brouns&rft.aufirst=Rachelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography2.ruhosting.nl%2Fmasterthesis%2Fscripties%2FBrounsRachelle.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osac.gov/Pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=23564">"OSAC"</a>. <i>osac.gov</i>. 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osac.gov&rft.atitle=OSAC&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osac.gov%2FPages%2FContentReportDetails.aspx%3Fcid%3D23564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuriname" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-life-and-religion/187112/way-south-of-the-border">Down Suriname Way, a Tiny Community of Jews Endures</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet</a></i>, 8 December 2014</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Box, Ben, <i>Footprint Focus Guide: Guyana, Guyane & Suriname</i> (Footprint Travel Guides, 2011)</li> <li>Briggs, Philip, "Suriname, 2nd Ed.", (Bradt Guides, 2020)</li> <li>Counter, S. Allen and David L. Evans, <i>I Sought My Brother: An Afro-American Reunion</i>, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1981</li> <li>Dew, Edward M., <i>The Trouble in Suriname, 1975–93</i>, (Greenwood Press, 1994)</li> <li>Gimlette, John, <i>Wild Coast: Travels on South America's Untamed Edge</i> (Profile Books, 2011)</li> <li>McCarthy Sr., Terrence J., <i>A Journey into Another World: Sojourn in Suriname</i>, (Wheatmark Inc., 2010)</li> <li>Westoll, Adam, <i>Surinam</i>, (Old Street Publishing, 2009)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Suriname</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Suriname" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Suriname">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Suriname" class="extiw" title="c:Suriname">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Suriname" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Suriname">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Suriname" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Suriname">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Suriname" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Suriname">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Suriname" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Suriname">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Suriname" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Suriname">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Suriname" class="extiw" title="voy:Suriname">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/suriname/">Suriname</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085808/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/suriname.htm">Suriname</a> at <i>UCB Libraries GovPubs</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1211306.stm">Suriname</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/americas/suriname/index.html">Dictionaries of Suriname languages</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Suriname" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Suriname">Wikimedia Atlas of Suriname</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/287082">Suriname</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/suriname.html">Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SR">Key Development Forecasts for Suriname</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dloc.com/results/?t=suriname">Materials on Suriname</a> in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dloc.com">Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC)</a></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Websites of the government, President and National Assembly</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.president.gov.sr/">Website of the President of the Republic of Suriname</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227035012/http://www.president.gov.sr/">Archived</a> 27 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.sr/">Website of the Government of the Republic of Suriname</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dna.sr/">Website of the National Assembly of the Republic of Suriname</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Suriname_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Suriname_topics" title="Template:Suriname topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Suriname_topics" title="Template talk:Suriname topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Suriname_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Suriname topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Suriname_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Suriname</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Suriname" title="Outline of Suriname">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Suriname" title="History of Suriname">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Suriname" title="List of colonial governors of Suriname">Colonial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_Estates_of_Suriname" title="List of chairmen of the Estates of Suriname">Chairmen of the Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Armed_Forces_in_Suriname" title="Netherlands Armed Forces in Suriname">Colonial forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Colony of Surinam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Suriname" title="Society of Suriname">Society of Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_during_World_War_II" title="Suriname during World War II">World War II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Within the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Surinamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Surinamese coup d'état">1980 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Military_Council_(Suriname)" title="National Military Council (Suriname)">National Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_murders" title="December murders">December murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_Interior_War" title="Surinamese Interior War">Interior War <span style="font-size:85%;">(1986–1992)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Surinamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Surinamese coup d'état">1990 coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname" title="Coat of arms of Suriname"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="559" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Suriname" title="Geography of Suriname">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Suriname" title="List of cities and towns in Suriname">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Suriname">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Suriname" title="Climate change in Suriname">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Suriname">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Suriname">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Suriname" title="Biodiversity of Suriname">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Suriname">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Suriname" title="Category:World Heritage Sites in Suriname">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Suriname" title="Politics of Suriname">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Suriname">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Suriname" title="Constitution of Suriname">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Suriname" title="Elections in Suriname">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Suriname" title="Foreign relations of Suriname">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Suriname" title="Human rights in Suriname">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Suriname">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Suriname" title="Law enforcement in Suriname">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_National_Army" title="Suriname National Army">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Armed_Forces_(Suriname)" title="Commander of the Armed Forces (Suriname)">Commander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Suriname)" title="National Assembly (Suriname)">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Suriname" title="List of chairmen of the National Assembly of Suriname">Chairman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Suriname" title="List of political parties in Suriname">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Suriname" title="President of Suriname">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Suriname" title="Vice President of Suriname">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Suriname" title="List of prime ministers of Suriname">Prime Minister <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputy_prime_ministers_of_Suriname" title="List of deputy prime ministers of Suriname">Deputy Prime Minister <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Suriname" title="High Court of Justice of Suriname">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Suriname" title="Constitutional Court of Suriname">Constitutional Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Suriname" title="Economy of Suriname">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Suriname" title="Agriculture in Suriname">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Suriname" title="List of companies of Suriname">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_dollar" title="Surinamese dollar">Dollar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Suriname (page does not exist)">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Suriname" title="Mining industry of Suriname">Mining industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_and_technology_in_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science and technology in Suriname (page does not exist)">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Suriname" title="Telecommunications in Suriname">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Suriname" title="Transport in Suriname">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Suriname" title="Category:Society of Suriname">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Suriname" title="Crime in Suriname">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Suriname" title="Demographics of Suriname">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Suriname" title="Education in Suriname">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Suriname" title="Health in Suriname">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Suriname">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_people" title="Surinamese people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Surinamese_people" title="List of Surinamese people">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Suriname" title="Indigenous peoples in Suriname">indigenous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Suriname" title="Religion in Suriname">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Suriname" title="Culture of Suriname">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_zij_met_ons_Suriname" title="God zij met ons Suriname">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Suriname" title="Coat of arms of Suriname">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Surinamese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Suriname" title="Flag of Suriname">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_literature" title="Surinamese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Suriname" title="Music of Suriname">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Public holidays in Suriname">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Suriname">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Suriname" title="Outline of Suriname">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Suriname" title="Outline of Suriname">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suriname" title="Category:Suriname">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Suriname" title="Portal:Suriname">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_South_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_South_America" title="Template:Countries of South America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_South_America" title="Template talk:Countries of South America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_South_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of South America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_South_America" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America">Countries and dependencies of South America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/80px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/160px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">UK</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Guianas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Guianas" title="Template:The Guianas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Guianas" title="Template talk:The Guianas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Guianas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Guianas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Guianas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá"><img alt="Amapá" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana"><img alt="French Guiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/23px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/35px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/45px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guayana_Region,_Venezuela" title="Guayana Region, Venezuela">Guayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_territorial_dispute" title="Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute">Esequiba</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname"><img alt="Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Suriname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tigri_Area" title="Tigri Area">Tigri Area</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara" title="Demerara">Demerara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essequibo_(colony)" title="Essequibo (colony)">Essequibo</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Independent_Guiana" title="Republic of Independent Guiana">Counani</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Dutch Guiana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonisation_of_the_Guianas" title="Dutch colonisation of the Guianas">Pre-1667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeroon_(colony)" title="Pomeroon (colony)">Pomeroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Independent_Guiana#_Free_State_of_Counani_(1904–1912)" title="Republic of Independent Guiana">Free Counani</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guayana_Province" title="Guayana Province">Trinidad-Guayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(English_colony)" title="Surinam (English colony)">Surinam (English colony)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template talk:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hissein_Brahim_Taha" title="Hissein Brahim Taha">Hissein Brahim Taha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Pakistan-OIC relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Countries<br />and territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Muslim<br />communities</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Moro National Liberation Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">International<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Declarations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declarations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuja_Declaration_(1989)" title="Abuja Declaration (1989)">Abuja Declaration (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Resolution_10/11" title="OIC Resolution 10/11">OIC Resolution 10/11</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Council_of_Foreign_Ministers_Resolution_10/37" title="OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37">OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sessions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Extraordinary" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extraordinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="First Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Second Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Third Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fifth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Sixth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Seventh Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Eighth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Ninth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Arab%E2%80%93Islamic_extraordinary_summit" title="2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit">Arab–Islamic (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP (PPP)">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_per_capita_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP per capita (PPP)">GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_exports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by exports">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_imports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by imports">Imports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by population">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest cities in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member countries">Largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Education in the member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> As the "Turkish Cypriot State".</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Union_of_South_American_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Union_of_South_American_Nations_topics" title="Template:Union of South American Nations topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Union_of_South_American_Nations_topics" title="Template talk:Union of South American Nations topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Union_of_South_American_Nations_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Union of South American Nations topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Union_of_South_American_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_Mercosur" title="Member states of Mercosur">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suspended members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_South_American_Summit" title="2004 South American Summit">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Ecuador_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 Ecuador South American Summit (page does not exist)">2009 Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Argentina_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 Argentina South American Summit (page does not exist)">2009 Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_South_American_Summit" title="2010 South American Summit">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2014</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cusco_Declaration" title="Cusco Declaration">Cusco Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNASUR_Constitutive_Treaty" title="UNASUR Constitutive Treaty">Constitutive Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="President pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations">President Pro Tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Secretary General of the Union of South American Nations">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">Bank of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_Parliament" title="South American Parliament">South American Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_the_Integration_of_the_Regional_Infrastructure_of_South_America" title="Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America">Initiative for Infrastructure Integration of South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_South_American_Defense" title="Council of South American Defense">Council of South American Defense</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean Community of Nations">Andean Community</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" title="Template:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" title="Template talk:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Secretariat of the Caribbean Community">Secretariat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Secretary-General of the Caribbean Community">Secretary-General</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Free_Trade_Association" title="Caribbean Free Trade Association">Caribbean Free Trade Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chaguaramas" title="Treaty of Chaguaramas">Treaty of Chaguaramas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Single Market and Economy (CSME)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Flag of the Caribbean Community"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/68px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/102px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/136px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/32px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/48px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/64px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="561" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Caribbean" title="Portal:Caribbean">Caribbean portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Meteorological_Organisation" title="Caribbean Meteorological Organisation">Caribbean Meteorological Organisation (CMO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fund_for_Commodities" title="Common Fund for Commodities">Common Fund for Commodities (CFC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Court_of_Justice" title="Caribbean Court of Justice">Court of Justice (CCJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Disaster_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency">Disaster Emergency Management (CDEMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Examinations_Council" title="Caribbean Examinations Council">Examinations Council (CXC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Institute_for_Meteorology_and_Hydrology" title="Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology">Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Public_Health_Agency" title="Caribbean Public Health Agency">Public Health Agency (CARPHA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Single Market and Economy (CSME)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">CARIFORUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><sup>1</sup> Member of the Community but not of the <a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">CARICOM Single Market and Economy</a> (CSME)</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British overseas territory</a> awaiting entrustment to join the CSME</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organization_of_American_States_(OAS)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organization_of_American_States" title="Template:Organization of American States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organization_of_American_States" title="Template talk:Organization of American States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organization_of_American_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organization of American States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organization_of_American_States_(OAS)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States (OAS)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organization_of_American_States" title="Member states of the Organization of American States">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Organization_of_American_States" title="General Assembly of the Organization of American States">General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States_Secretariat_for_Political_Affairs" title="Organization of American States Secretariat for Political Affairs">Secretariat for Political Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_for_Integral_Development" title="Executive Secretary for Integral Development">Secretariat for Integral Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States_Secretariat_for_Multidimensional_Security" title="Organization of American States Secretariat for Multidimensional Security">Secretariat for Multidimensional Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Commission_of_Women" title="Inter-American Commission of Women">Inter-American Commission of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="Inter-American Commission on Human Rights">Inter-American Commission on Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Telecommunication_Commission" title="Inter-American Telecommunication Commission">Inter-American Telecommunication Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="Inter-American Court of Human Rights">Inter-American Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Union_Building" title="Pan American Union Building">Pan American Union Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_Organization_of_American_States" title="Charter of the Organization of American States">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Declaration_of_the_Rights_and_Duties_of_Man" title="American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man">American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="American Convention on Human Rights">American Convention on Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Conference" title="Pan-American Conference">Pan-American Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_of_the_Americas" title="Summit of the Americas">Summit of the Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dutch_Language_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dutch_Language_Union" title="Template:Dutch Language Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dutch_Language_Union" title="Template talk:Dutch Language Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch_Language_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch Language Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dutch_Language_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Language_Union" title="Dutch Language Union">Dutch Language Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Suriname</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands#Constituent_countries" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands#Constituent_countries" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands#Constituent_countries" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">Dutch orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch dictionary">Dutch dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish language">Flemish language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404016456">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/128955856">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204607/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvhqTMTJVBwkfKwKDpwYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4058664-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79022986">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11882739s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11882739s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571742">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Surinam"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134606&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554953505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/9d1049fb-7b2d-3862-a26d-3cc58c8c7b5b">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/e728917c-860d-4ddb-9565-a6020f70f42c">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/itz6tV4E">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/087396521">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003399">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046380">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/surinam">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Suriname&params=4_N_56_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">4°N</span> <span class="longitude">56°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4°N 56°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">4; -56</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suriname&oldid=1259231123">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suriname&oldid=1259231123</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1975_establishments_in_South_America" title="Category:1975 establishments in South America">1975 establishments in South America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Countries_and_territories_where_Dutch_is_an_official_language" title="Category:Countries and territories where Dutch is an official language">Countries and territories where Dutch is an official language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Countries_in_South_America" title="Category:Countries in South America">Countries in South America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_Dutch_colonies" title="Category:Former Dutch colonies">Former Dutch colonies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_English_colonies" title="Category:Former English colonies">Former English colonies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Category:Member states of the Caribbean Community">Member states of the Caribbean Community</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_Dutch_Language_Union" title="Category:Member states of the Dutch Language Union">Member states of the Dutch Language Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Category:Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Category:Member states of the Union of South American Nations">Member states of the Union of South American Nations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Category:Member states of the United Nations">Member states of the United Nations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republics" title="Category:Republics">Republics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Small_Island_Developing_States" title="Category:Small Island Developing States">Small Island Developing States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1975" title="Category:States and territories established in 1975">States and territories established in 1975</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suriname" title="Category:Suriname">Suriname</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Guianas" title="Category:The Guianas">The Guianas</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Indonesian-language_sources_(id)" title="Category:Articles with Indonesian-language sources (id)">Articles with Indonesian-language sources (id)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl)">Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2018">Use dmy dates from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Dutch_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Dutch IPA">Pages with Dutch IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Sranan_Tongo_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Sranan Tongo IPA">Pages with Sranan Tongo IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2024">Articles needing additional references from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2013" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 02:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suriname&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-542sp","wgBackendResponseTime":203,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.343","walltime":"2.852","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16667,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":495860,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":97289,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":57,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":480892,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2344.520 1 -total"," 30.26% 709.541 2 Template:Reflist"," 22.17% 519.795 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 11.35% 266.126 65 Template:Cite_web"," 5.25% 123.196 1 Template:Sister_project_links"," 5.25% 123.061 2 Template:Native_name"," 5.09% 119.319 1 Template:Navboxes"," 4.64% 108.779 1 Template:Suriname_topics"," 4.54% 106.426 1 Template:Country_topics"," 4.00% 93.684 9 Template:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.332","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21307290,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","360","23.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","200","13.2"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","180","11.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","100","6.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","5.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","5.3"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","3.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","60","3.9"],["type","60","3.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","40","2.6"],["[others]","300","19.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-sgrqq","timestamp":"20241124021352","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Suriname","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suriname","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q730","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q730","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-03-24T03:45:12Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T02:13:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/60\/Flag_of_Suriname.svg","headline":"country in South America"}</script> </body> </html>