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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Free and open-source licenses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Free_and_open-source_licenses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Free and open-source licenses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Free_and_open-source_licenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Microsoft_Public_License_(Ms-PL)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft_Public_License_(Ms-PL)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft_Public_License_(Ms-PL)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microsoft_Reciprocal_License_(Ms-RL)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft_Reciprocal_License_(Ms-RL)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Microsoft Reciprocal License (Ms-RL)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft_Reciprocal_License_(Ms-RL)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restricted_licenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restricted_licenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Restricted licenses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Restricted_licenses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Restricted licenses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Restricted_licenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Microsoft_Limited_Public_License_(Ms-LPL)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft_Limited_Public_License_(Ms-LPL)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Microsoft Limited Public License (Ms-LPL)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft_Limited_Public_License_(Ms-LPL)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microsoft_Limited_Reciprocal_License_(Ms-LRL)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft_Limited_Reciprocal_License_(Ms-LRL)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Microsoft Limited Reciprocal License (Ms-LRL)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft_Limited_Reciprocal_License_(Ms-LRL)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microsoft_Reference_Source_License_(Ms-RSL)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft_Reference_Source_License_(Ms-RSL)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Microsoft Reference Source License (Ms-RSL)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft_Reference_Source_License_(Ms-RSL)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_Source" title="Shared Source – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Shared Source" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_Source" title="Shared Source – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shared Source" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_source" title="Shared source – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shared source" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dividita_fonto" title="Dividita fonto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dividita fonto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_Source" title="Shared Source – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shared Source" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9C%A0_%EC%86%8C%EC%8A%A4" title="공유 소스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공유 소스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_source" title="Shared source – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shared source" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="シェアードソース – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シェアードソース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_Source" title="Shared Source – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Shared Source" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_Source" title="Shared Source – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Shared Source" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaettu_l%C3%A4hdekoodi" title="Jaettu lähdekoodi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jaettu lähdekoodi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delad_k%C3%A4llkod" title="Delad källkod – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Delad källkod" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk 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(<b>SSI</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Source-available_software" title="Source-available software">source-available</a> <a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">software licensing</a> scheme launched by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> in May 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program includes a spectrum of technologies and licenses, and most of its source code offerings are available for download after eligibility criteria are met.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shared_Source_Initiative&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft's Shared Source Initiative allows individuals and organizations to access Microsoft's source code for reference (e.g. when developing complementary systems), for review and auditing from a security perspective (mostly wanted by some large corporations and governments), and for development (academic institutions, OEMs, individual developers). </p><p>As part of the framework, Microsoft released 5 licenses for general use. Two of them, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Public_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Public License">Microsoft Public License</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Reciprocal_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Reciprocal License">Microsoft Reciprocal License</a>, have been approved by the <a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">Open Source Initiative</a> as <a href="/wiki/Open_source_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source license">open source licenses</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are regarded by the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> as <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> licenses.<sup id="cite_ref-FSFLicenseList_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FSFLicenseList-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other shared source licenses are proprietary, and thus allow the copyright holder to retain tighter control over the use of their product. </p><p>Microsoft's Shared Source Initiative has been imitated by other companies such as <a href="/wiki/RISC_OS_Open_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="RISC OS Open Ltd">RISC OS Open Ltd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Microsoft also uses specific licenses for some of their products, such as the <a href="/wiki/Shared_Source_Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Shared Source Common Language Infrastructure">Shared Source CLI</a> License<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Microsoft <a href="/wiki/Windows_CE" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows CE">Windows Embedded CE</a> 6.0 Shared Source License.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Free_and_open-source_licenses">Free and open-source licenses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shared_Source_Initiative&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Free and open-source licenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following licenses are considered <a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">open-source</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">Open Source Initiative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_software_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Free software license">free</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microsoft_Public_License_(Ms-PL)"><span id="Microsoft_Public_License_.28Ms-PL.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Microsoft_Public_License"></span> Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shared_Source_Initiative&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is the least restrictive of the Microsoft licenses and allows for distribution of <i>compiled</i> code for either commercial or non-commercial purposes under any license that complies with the Ms-PL. Redistribution of the source code itself is permitted only under the Ms-PL.<sup id="cite_ref-ms-pl_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-pl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially titled <i>Microsoft Permissive License</i>, it was renamed to <i>Microsoft Public License</i> while being reviewed for approval by the <a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">Open Source Initiative</a> (OSI).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The license was approved on October 12, 2007, along with the Ms-RL.<sup id="cite_ref-osi-approval_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osi-approval-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Free Software Foundation, it is a free software license but not compatible with the <a href="/wiki/GNU_GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU GPL">GNU GPL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FSFLicenseList_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FSFLicenseList-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ms-PL provides a free and flexible licensing for developers using source codes under this license. However, the Ms-PL is a <a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">copyleft</a> license because it requires the source code of software it governs to be distributed only under the same license (the Ms-PL).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microsoft_Reciprocal_License_(Ms-RL)"><span id="Microsoft_Reciprocal_License_.28Ms-RL.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Microsoft_Reciprocal_License"></span> Microsoft Reciprocal License (Ms-RL)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shared_Source_Initiative&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Microsoft Reciprocal License (Ms-RL)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This Microsoft license allows for distribution of derived code so long as the modified source files are included and retain the Ms-RL.<sup id="cite_ref-ms-rl_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-rl-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ms-RL allows those files in the distribution that do not contain code originally licensed under Ms-RL to be licensed according to the copyright holder's choosing. This is similar, but not the same as the <a href="/wiki/CDDL" class="mw-redirect" title="CDDL">CDDL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Public_License" title="Eclipse Public License">EPL</a> or <a href="/wiki/LGPL" class="mw-redirect" title="LGPL">LGPL</a> (GPL with a typical "linking exception").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Initially known as the <i>Microsoft Community License</i>, it was renamed during the OSI approval process. </p><p>On December 9, 2005, the Ms-RL license was submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">Open Source Initiative</a> for approval by John Cowan.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OSI then contacted Microsoft and asked if they wanted OSI to proceed. Microsoft replied that they did not wish to be reactive and that they needed time to review such a decision.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Open_Source_Convention" title="O'Reilly Open Source Convention">O'Reilly Open Source Convention</a> in July 2007, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hilf" title="Bill Hilf">Bill Hilf</a>, director of Microsoft's work with open source projects, announced that Microsoft had formally submitted Ms-PL and Ms-RL to <a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">OSI</a> for approval.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was approved on October 12, 2007, along with the Ms-PL.<sup id="cite_ref-osi-approval_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osi-approval-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Free Software Foundation, it is a free software license but not compatible with the <a href="/wiki/GNU_GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU GPL">GNU GPL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FSFLicenseList_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FSFLicenseList-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restricted_licenses">Restricted licenses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shared_Source_Initiative&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Restricted licenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Source-available_software" title="Source-available software">source-available software</a> licenses have limitations that prevent them from being <a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">open-source</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">Open Source Initiative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_software_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Free software license">free</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microsoft_Limited_Public_License_(Ms-LPL)"><span id="Microsoft_Limited_Public_License_.28Ms-LPL.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Microsoft_Limited_Public_License"></span> Microsoft Limited Public License (Ms-LPL)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shared_Source_Initiative&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Microsoft Limited Public License (Ms-LPL)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a version of the Microsoft Public License in which rights are only granted to developers of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>-based software.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This license is not open source, as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">OSI</a>, because the restriction limiting use of the software to Windows violates the stipulation that open-source licenses must be technology-neutral.<sup id="cite_ref-OSD_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSD-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also considered to be non-free by the Free Software Foundation due to this restriction.<sup id="cite_ref-FSFLicenseList_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FSFLicenseList-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microsoft_Limited_Reciprocal_License_(Ms-LRL)"><span id="Microsoft_Limited_Reciprocal_License_.28Ms-LRL.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Microsoft_Limited_Reciprocal_License"></span> Microsoft Limited Reciprocal License (Ms-LRL)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shared_Source_Initiative&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Microsoft Limited Reciprocal License (Ms-LRL)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a version of the Microsoft Reciprocal License in which rights are only granted when developing software for a Microsoft Windows platform.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the Ms-LPL, this license is not open source because it is not technology-neutral<sup id="cite_ref-OSD_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSD-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to its restriction that licensed software must be used on Windows, and is also not considered free by the Free Software Foundation due to this restriction.<sup id="cite_ref-FSFLicenseList_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FSFLicenseList-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microsoft_Reference_Source_License_(Ms-RSL)"><span id="Microsoft_Reference_Source_License_.28Ms-RSL.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Microsoft_Reference_Source_License"></span> Microsoft Reference Source License (Ms-RSL)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shared_Source_Initiative&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Microsoft Reference Source License (Ms-RSL)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is the most restrictive of the Microsoft Shared Source licenses. The source code is made available to view for reference purposes only, mainly to be able to view Microsoft classes source code while debugging.<sup id="cite_ref-reference_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reference-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Developers may not distribute or modify the code for commercial or non-commercial purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The license has previously been abbreviated <i>Ms-RL</i>, but <i>Ms-RL</i> now refers to the <i>Microsoft Reciprocal License</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ms-rl_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-rl-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shared_Source_Initiative&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two specific shared source licenses are interpreted as free software and open source licenses by <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">FSF</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">OSI</a>. However, former OSI president <a href="/wiki/Michael_Tiemann" title="Michael Tiemann">Michael Tiemann</a> considers the phrase "Shared Source" itself to be a marketing term created by Microsoft. He argues that it is "an insurgent term that distracts and dilutes the Open Source message by using similar-sounding terms and offering similar-sounding promises".<sup id="cite_ref-icaza20110307_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icaza20110307-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Shared Source Initiative has also been noted to increase the problem of <a href="/wiki/License_proliferation" title="License proliferation">license proliferation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shared_Source_Initiative&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid=4253">"Microsoft announces expansion of Shared Source Initiative"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+announces+expansion+of+Shared+Source+Initiative&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geekzone.co.nz%2Fcontent.asp%3Fcontentid%3D4253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShared+Source+Initiative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/ilaw/brazil03/ms.html">"Microsoft Shared Source Initiative"</a>. <i>Berkman Klein Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-08</span></span>. <q><i>Acting on the advice of the License Approval Chair, the OSI Board today approved the Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL) and the Microsoft Reciprocal License (Ms-RL). The decision to approve was informed by the overwhelming (though not unanimous) consensus from the open source community that these licenses satisfied the 10 criteria of the Open Source definition, and should therefore be approved.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSI+Approves+Microsoft+License+Submissions&rft.date=2007-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopensource.org%2Fnode%2F207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShared+Source+Initiative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opensource.org/licenses/MS-PL">"Microsoft Public License (MS-PL) | Open Source Initiative"</a>. <i>opensource.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Reciprocal+License+%28Ms-RL%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fopensource%2Flicenses.mspx%23Ms-RL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShared+Source+Initiative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Cowan2005" class="citation web cs1">John Cowan (2005-12-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crynwr.com/cgi-bin/ezmlm-cgi?3:msp:11322:cokmgmoknbgepfbongjn">"For Approval: Microsoft Community License"</a>. license-discuss mailing list.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+Approval%3A+Microsoft+Community+License&rft.pub=license-discuss+mailing+list&rft.date=2005-12-09&rft.au=John+Cowan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crynwr.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fezmlm-cgi%3F3%3Amsp%3A11322%3Acokmgmoknbgepfbongjn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShared+Source+Initiative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Galli2006" class="citation news cs1">Peter Galli (2006-08-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1895,2007088,00.asp">"Blogger Can't Tempt Microsoft To Drink OSI Kool-Aid"</a>. <a href="/wiki/EWeek" title="EWeek">eWeek</a>.</cite><span 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Microsoft. 2016-07-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-06</span></span>. <q><i>"Reference use" means use of the software within your company as a reference, in read only form, for the sole purposes of debugging your products, maintaining your products, or enhancing the interoperability of your products with the software, and specifically excludes the right to distribute the software outside of your company.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Reference+Source+License&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2016-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freferencesource.microsoft.com%2Flicense.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShared+Source+Initiative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://referencesource.microsoft.com/license.html">"Microsoft Reference Source License"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Reference+Source+License&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freferencesource.microsoft.com%2Flicense.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShared+Source+Initiative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icaza20110307-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-icaza20110307_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Tiemann2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tiemann" title="Michael Tiemann">Michael Tiemann</a> (2007-11-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opensource.org/node/225">"Who Is Behind "Shared Source" Misinformation Campaign?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-12</span></span>. <q><i>Shared source is a marketing term created and controlled by Microsoft. Shared source is not open source by another name. Shared source is an insurgent term that distracts and dilutes the Open Source message by using similar-sounding terms and offering similar-sounding promises. And to date, 'shared source' has been a marketing dud as far as Open Source is concerned.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+Is+Behind+%22Shared+Source%22+Misinformation+Campaign%3F&rft.date=2007-11-11&rft.au=Michael+Tiemann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopensource.org%2Fnode%2F225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShared+Source+Initiative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2007/08/evaluating-microsofts-shared-source-licenses/">Evaluating Microsoft’s Shared Source licenses</a> Ars Technica, 2007</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> (Chairman and CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Hoffman" title="Reid Hoffman">Reid Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandi_Peterson" title="Sandi Peterson">Sandi Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Pritzker" title="Penny Pritzker">Penny Pritzker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_A._Rodriguez" title="Carlos A. Rodriguez">Carlos A. Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scharf" title="Charles Scharf">Charles Scharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stanton" title="John W. Stanton">John W. Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Thompson" title="John W. Thompson">John W. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Walmsley" title="Emma Walmsley">Emma Walmsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmasree_Warrior" title="Padmasree Warrior">Padmasree Warrior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior leadership team</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> (CEO)</li> <li>Takeshi Numoto (CMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Guthrie" title="Scott Guthrie">Scott Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Dybeck_Happe" title="Carolina Dybeck Happe">Carolina Dybeck Happe</a> (COO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Hood" title="Amy Hood">Amy Hood</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Scott_(computer_scientist)" title="Kevin Scott (computer scientist)">Kevin Scott</a> (CTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Smith_(American_lawyer)" title="Brad Smith (American lawyer)">Brad Smith</a> (CLO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Shum" title="Harry Shum">Harry Shum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Spencer_(business_executive)" title="Phil Spencer (business executive)">Phil Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Hogan" title="Kathleen Hogan">Kathleen Hogan</a> (CPO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporate VPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Belfiore" title="Joe Belfiore">Joe Belfiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rashid" title="Richard Rashid">Richard Rashid</a> (SVP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cernuda" title="César Cernuda">César Cernuda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employee groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_LGBTQIA%2B_Employee_%26_Allies_at_Microsoft" title="Global LGBTQIA+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft">Global LGBTQIA+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_and_unions" title="Microsoft and unions">Microsoft and unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_hardware" title="Microsoft hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Kinect" title="Azure Kinect">Azure Kinect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">HoloLens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LifeCam" title="LifeCam">LifeCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Surface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Duo" title="Surface Duo">Duo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Go" title="Surface Go">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Hub" title="Surface Hub">Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Laptop" title="Surface Laptop">Laptop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Laptop_Go" title="Surface Laptop Go">Laptop Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Neo" title="Surface Neo">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Pro" title="Surface Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Studio" title="Surface Studio">Studio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_software" title="List of Microsoft software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Dynamics_365" title="Microsoft Dynamics 365">Dynamics 365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havok_(software)" title="Havok (software)">Havok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Microsoft 365</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Teams</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_and_open_source" title="Microsoft and open source">Open source software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Platform" title="Microsoft Power Platform">Power Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Servers" title="Microsoft Servers">Servers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Start" title="Microsoft Start">Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_(chatbot)" title="Tay (chatbot)">Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Visual Studio Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_system_software" title="Xbox system software">Xbox OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(.NET)" title="Visual Basic (.NET)">VB.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">VBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/AL" title="C/AL">C/AL a.k.a. Navision Attain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Programming_Language" title="Microsoft Visual Programming Language">MVPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Power Fx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_Sharp" title="Q Sharp">Q#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transact-SQL" title="Transact-SQL">Transact-SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visual_J%2B%2B" title="Visual J++">Visual J++</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visual_J_Sharp" title="Visual J Sharp">Visual J#</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Azure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bing" title="Microsoft Bing">Bing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Copilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Learn" title="Microsoft Learn">Learn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_9_(Microsoft)" title="Channel 9 (Microsoft)">Channel 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Developer_Network" title="Microsoft Developer Network">Developer Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_TechNet" title="Microsoft TechNet">TechNet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn_Learning" title="LinkedIn Learning">LinkedIn Learning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Translator" title="Microsoft Translator">Translator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Company</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Build" title="Microsoft Build">Build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Ignite" title="Microsoft Ignite">Ignite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Inspire" title="Microsoft Inspire">Inspire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIX_(Microsoft)" title="MIX (Microsoft)">MIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Developers_Conference" title="Professional Developers Conference">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Engineering_Conference" title="Windows Hardware Engineering Conference">WinHEC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Foundation" title=".NET Foundation">.NET Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Digital_Crimes_Unit" title="Microsoft Digital Crimes Unit">Digital Crimes Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_engineering_groups" title="Microsoft engineering groups">Engineering groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile" title="Microsoft Mobile">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_Technologies" title="Skype Technologies">Skype unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Gaming" title="Microsoft Gaming">Gaming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Game_Studios" title="Xbox Game Studios">Xbox Game Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeniMax_Media" title="ZeniMax Media">ZeniMax Media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Garage" title="Microsoft Garage">Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outercurve_Foundation" title="Outercurve Foundation">Outercurve Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store_(retail)" title="Microsoft Store (retail)">Retail stores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Estates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_campus" title="Microsoft campus">Microsoft campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Egypt">Microsoft Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_India" title="Microsoft India">Microsoft India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Japan" title="Microsoft Japan">Microsoft Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_do_you_want_to_go_today%3F" title="Where do you want to go today?">Where do you want to go today?</a>" (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Champagne_(advertisement)" title="Champagne (advertisement)">Champagne</a>" (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mojave_Experiment" title="Mojave Experiment">Mojave Experiment</a>" (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_a_PC" title="I'm a PC">I'm a PC</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Scroogled" title="Scroogled">Scroogled</a>" (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundling_of_Microsoft_Windows" title="Bundling of Microsoft Windows">Bundling of Microsoft Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Assistant" title="Office Assistant">Clippy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILoo#Reaction" title="ILoo">iLoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer#Security_vulnerabilities" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bob" title="Microsoft Bob">Microsoft Bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSAKEY" title="NSAKEY">_NSAKEY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft_Windows" title="Criticism of Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_XP" title="Criticism of Windows XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_Vista" title="Criticism of Windows Vista">Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_10" title="Criticism of Windows 10">10</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_litigation" title="Microsoft litigation">Litigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alcatel-Lucent_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft Corp.">Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer,_Inc._v._Microsoft_Corp." title="Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.">Apple v. Microsoft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Commission" title="Microsoft Corp. v. Commission">Microsoft v. Commission</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FTC_v._Microsoft" title="FTC v. Microsoft">FTC v. Microsoft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Lindows.com,_Inc." title="Microsoft Corp. v. Lindows.com, Inc.">Microsoft v. Lindows</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_v._MikeRoweSoft" title="Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft">Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Shah" title="Microsoft Corp. v. Shah">Microsoft v. Shah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft</a></i> (2001 antitrust case)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._United_States" title="Microsoft Corp. v. United States">Microsoft v. United States</a></i> (2018 data privacy case)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Microsoft" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft">Acquisitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wunderlist" title="Wunderlist">6Wunderkinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Access_Software" title="Access Software">Access Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acompli" title="Acompli">Acompli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Activision_Blizzard_by_Microsoft" title="Acquisition of Activision Blizzard by Microsoft">acquisition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altamira_Software" title="Altamira Software">Altamira Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AltspaceVR" title="AltspaceVR">AltspaceVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AQuantive" title="AQuantive">aQuantive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Amalga" title="Microsoft Amalga">Azyxxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixer_(service)" title="Mixer (service)">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Ribbon_SoundWorks" title="The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks">The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungie" title="Bungie">Bungie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloquis" title="Colloquis">Colloquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsion_Games" title="Compulsion Games">Compulsion Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connectix" title="Connectix">Connectix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers_Software" title="Consumers Software">Consumers Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danger,_Inc." title="Danger, Inc.">Danger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Fine" title="Double Fine">Double Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Travel" title="MSN Travel">Farecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASA_Studio" title="FASA Studio">FASA Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Development_Center_Norway" title="Microsoft Development Center Norway">Fast Search & Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(website)" title="Firefly (website)">Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forethought,_Inc." title="Forethought, Inc.">Forethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">GIANT Company Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains_Software" title="Great Plains Software">Great Plains Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenButton" title="GreenButton">GreenButton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Networks" title="Groove Networks">Groove Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havok_(company)" title="Havok (company)">Havok Group</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High_Heat_Major_League_Baseball" title="High Heat Major League Baseball">High Heat Major League Baseball</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Hotmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InXile_Entertainment" title="InXile Entertainment">inXile Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish.com" title="Jellyfish.com">Jellyfish.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkExchange" title="LinkExchange">LinkExchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionhead_Studios" title="Lionhead Studios">Lionhead Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maluuba" title="Maluuba">Maluuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massive_Incorporated" title="Massive Incorporated">Massive Incorporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaswitch" title="Metaswitch">Metaswitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MileIQ" title="MileIQ">Mobile Data Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojang_Studios" title="Mojang Studios">Mojang Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninja_Theory" title="Ninja Theory">Ninja Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile" title="Microsoft Mobile">Nokia Devices and Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Npm" title="Npm">npm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuance_Communications" title="Nuance Communications">Nuance Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian_Entertainment" title="Obsidian Entertainment">Obsidian Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Toolbar#Onfolio" title="Windows Live Toolbar">Onfolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pando_Networks" title="Pando Networks">Pando Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perceptive_Pixel" title="Perceptive Pixel">Perceptive Pixel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlaceWare" title="PlaceWare">PlaceWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground_Games" title="Playground Games">Playground Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerset_(company)" title="Powerset (company)">Powerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Play_(company)" title="Press Play (company)">Press Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProClarity" title="ProClarity">ProClarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_(company)" title="Rare (company)">Rare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_Analytics" title="Revolution Analytics">Revolution Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RiskIQ" title="RiskIQ">RiskIQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScreenTonic" class="mw-redirect" title="ScreenTonic">ScreenTonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Islands">Secure Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplygon" title="Simplygon">Simplygon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_Technologies" title="Skype Technologies">Skype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Calendar" title="Sunrise Calendar">Sunrise Atelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SwiftKey" title="Microsoft SwiftKey">SwiftKey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TakeLessons" title="TakeLessons">TakeLessons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleo" title="Teleo">Teleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellme_Networks" title="Tellme Networks">Tellme Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twisted_Pixel_Games" title="Twisted Pixel Games">Twisted Pixel Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undead_Labs" title="Undead Labs">Undead Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermeer_Technologies" title="Vermeer Technologies">Vermeer Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visio_Corporation" title="Visio Corporation">Visio Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flux_(graphics_software)" title="Flux (graphics software)">Vivaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoloMetrix" title="VoloMetrix">VoloMetrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetShow" title="NetShow">VXtreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_TV" title="MSN TV">WebTV Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sysinternals" title="Sysinternals">Winternals Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xamarin" title="Xamarin">Xamarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xandr" title="Xandr">Xandr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppNexus" title="AppNexus">AppNexus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Yammer">Yammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yupi" title="Yupi">Yupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeniMax_Media" title="ZeniMax Media">ZeniMax Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Microsoft" title="Category:Microsoft">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft_free_and_open-source_software_(FOSS)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Microsoft_FOSS" title="Template:Microsoft FOSS"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Microsoft_FOSS" title="Template talk:Microsoft FOSS"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft_FOSS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft FOSS"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microsoft_free_and_open-source_software_(FOSS)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software (FOSS)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_and_open_source" title="Microsoft and open source">Microsoft and open source</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shared Source Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_Movie_Maker" title="3D Movie Maker">3D Movie Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(text_editor)" title="Atom (text editor)">Atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_XP" title="Conference XP">Conference XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family.Show" title="Family.Show">Family.Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Manager_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="File Manager (Windows)">File Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Live_Writer" title="Open Live Writer">Open Live Writer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerToys" title="Microsoft PowerToys">Microsoft PowerToys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Terminal" title="Windows Terminal">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Calculator" title="Windows Calculator">Windows Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Windows Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Package_Manager" title="Windows Package Manager">Windows Package Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldWide_Telescope" title="WorldWide Telescope">WorldWide Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Notepad" title="XML Notepad">XML Notepad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegiance_(video_game)" title="Allegiance (video game)">Allegiance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosque_(programming_language)" title="Bosque (programming language)">Bosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafny" title="Dafny">Dafny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F*_(programming_language)" title="F* (programming language)">F*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW-BASIC" title="GW-BASIC">GW-BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IronPython" title="IronPython">IronPython</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IronRuby" title="IronRuby">IronRuby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lean_(proof_assistant)" title="Lean (proof assistant)">Lean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P_(programming_language)" title="P (programming language)">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Power Fx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Verona" title="Project Verona">Project Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_Sharp" title="Q Sharp">Q#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic .NET">Visual Basic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frameworks,<br />development tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Gadgeteer" title=".NET Gadgeteer">.NET Gadgeteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_MAUI" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET MAUI">.NET MAUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Micro_Framework" title=".NET Micro Framework">.NET Micro Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirSim" title="AirSim">AirSim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_AJAX" title="ASP.NET AJAX">ASP.NET AJAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_Core" title="ASP.NET Core">ASP.NET Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_MVC" title="ASP.NET MVC">ASP.NET MVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_Razor" title="ASP.NET Razor">ASP.NET Razor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_Web_Forms" title="ASP.NET Web Forms">ASP.NET Web Forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalonia_(software_framework)" title="Avalonia (software framework)">Avalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon.js" title="Babylon.js">Babylon.js</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitFunnel" title="BitFunnel">BitFunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blazor" title="Blazor">Blazor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/WinRT" title="C++/WinRT">C++/WinRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confidential_Consortium_Framework" title="Confidential Consortium Framework">CCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JavaScript engine)">ChakraCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLR_Profiler" title="CLR Profiler">CLR Profiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapr" title="Dapr">Dapr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepSpeed" title="DeepSpeed">DeepSpeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiskSpd" title="DiskSpd">DiskSpd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dryad_(programming)" title="Dryad (programming)">Dryad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Language_Runtime" title="Dynamic Language Runtime">Dynamic Language Runtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBPF_on_Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="EBPF on Windows">eBPF on Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_(software_framework)" title="Electron (software framework)">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entity_Framework" title="Entity Framework">Entity Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluent_Design_System" title="Fluent Design System">Fluent Design System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_Framework" title="Fluid Framework">Fluid Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infer.NET" title="Infer.NET">Infer.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LightGBM" title="LightGBM">LightGBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_Extensibility_Framework" title="Managed Extensibility Framework">Managed Extensibility Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Automatic_Graph_Layout" title="Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout">Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_C%2B%2B_Standard_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft C++ Standard Library">Microsoft C++ Standard Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Cognitive_Toolkit" title="Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit">Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_(design_language)" title="Metro (design language)">Microsoft Design Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Detours" title="Microsoft Detours">Microsoft Detours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Enterprise_Library" title="Microsoft Enterprise Library">Microsoft Enterprise Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SEAL" title="Microsoft SEAL">Microsoft SEAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimalloc" title="Mimalloc">mimalloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_Reality_Toolkit" title="Mixed Reality Toolkit">Mixed Reality Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML.NET" title="ML.NET">ML.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_mono" title="Mod mono">mod_mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MonoDevelop" title="MonoDevelop">MonoDevelop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSBuild" title="MSBuild">MSBuild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MsQuic" title="MsQuic">MsQuic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_Network_Intelligence" title="Neural Network Intelligence">Neural Network Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Npm" title="Npm">npm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuGet" title="NuGet">NuGet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneFuzz" title="OneFuzz">OneFuzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Management_Infrastructure" title="Open Management Infrastructure">Open Management Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Neural_Network_Exchange" title="Open Neural Network Exchange">Open Neural Network Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Service_Mesh" title="Open Service Mesh">Open Service Mesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_XML_SDK" class="mw-redirect" title="Open XML SDK">Open XML SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orleans_(software_framework)" title="Orleans (software framework)">Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playwright_(software)" title="Playwright (software)">Playwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProcDump" title="ProcDump">ProcDump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Monitor" title="Process Monitor">ProcMon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_Tools_for_Visual_Studio" title="Python Tools for Visual Studio">Python Tools for Visual Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Tools_for_Visual_Studio" title="R Tools for Visual Studio">R Tools for Visual Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RecursiveExtractor" class="mw-redirect" title="RecursiveExtractor">RecursiveExtractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn_(compiler)" title="Roslyn (compiler)">Roslyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandcastle_(software)" title="Sandcastle (software)">Sandcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignalR" title="SignalR">SignalR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StyleCop" title="StyleCop">StyleCop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVNBridge" title="SVNBridge">SVNBridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T2_Temporal_Prover" title="T2 Temporal Prover">T2 Temporal Prover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_Template_Transformation_Toolkit" title="Text Template Transformation Toolkit">Text Template Transformation Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLA%2B_Toolbox" class="mw-redirect" title="TLA+ Toolbox">TLA+ Toolbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-Prove" title="U-Prove">U-Prove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vcpkg" title="Vcpkg">vcpkg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_File_System_for_Git" title="Virtual File System for Git">Virtual File System for Git</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voldemort_(distributed_data_store)" title="Voldemort (distributed data store)">Voldemort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoTT" title="VoTT">VoTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vowpal_Wabbit" title="Vowpal Wabbit">Vowpal Wabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_App_SDK" title="Windows App SDK">Windows App SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">Windows Communication Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Driver_Frameworks" title="Windows Driver Frameworks">Windows Driver Frameworks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kernel-Mode_Driver_Framework" title="Kernel-Mode Driver Framework">KMDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User-Mode_Driver_Framework" title="User-Mode Driver Framework">UMDF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Forms" title="Windows Forms">Windows Forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">Windows Presentation Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Template_Library" title="Windows Template Library">Windows Template Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_UI_Library" title="Windows UI Library">Windows UI Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinJS" title="WinJS">WinJS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinObjC" class="mw-redirect" title="WinObjC">WinObjC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiX" title="WiX">WiX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDP_for_Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="XDP for Windows">XDP for Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSP_(software)" title="XSP (software)">XSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XUnit.net" title="XUnit.net">xUnit.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z3_Theorem_Prover" title="Z3 Theorem Prover">Z3 Theorem Prover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> (v1.25, v2.0 & v4.0)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrelfish_(operating_system)" title="Barrelfish (operating system)">Barrelfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SONiC_(operating_system)" title="SONiC (operating system)">SONiC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Linux" title="Azure Linux">Azure Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChronoZoom" title="ChronoZoom">ChronoZoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Storage_Engine" title="Extensible Storage Engine">Extensible Storage Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexWiki" class="mw-redirect" title="FlexWiki">FlexWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FourQ" title="FourQ">FourQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollum_(software)" title="Gollum (software)">Gollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mu" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Mu">Project Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReactiveX" title="ReactiveX">ReactiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SILK" title="SILK">SILK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLAPS" class="mw-redirect" title="TLAPS">TLAPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TPM_2.0_Reference_Implementation" class="mw-redirect" title="TPM 2.0 Reference Implementation">TPM 2.0 Reference Implementation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiBhasha" title="WikiBhasha">WikiBhasha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">Licenses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Public_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Public License">Microsoft Public License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Reciprocal_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Reciprocal License">Microsoft Reciprocal License</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forge_(software)" title="Forge (software)">Forges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CodePlex" title="CodePlex">CodePlex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Foundation" title=".NET Foundation">.NET Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_Software_Foundation" title="F Sharp Software Foundation">F# Software Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise" title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Letter to Hobbyists">Open Letter to Hobbyists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Security_Foundation" title="Open Source Security Foundation">Open Source Security Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outercurve_Foundation" title="Outercurve Foundation">Outercurve Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Microsoft_free_software" title="Category:Microsoft free software">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_and_open-source_software" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FOSS" title="Template:FOSS"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FOSS" title="Template talk:FOSS"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FOSS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FOSS"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free_and_open-source_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_terms_for_free_software" title="Alternative terms for free software">Alternative terms for free software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_and_closed-source_software" title="Comparison of open-source and closed-source software">Comparison of open-source and closed-source software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_source-code-hosting_facilities" title="Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities">Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_software_project_directories" title="List of free software project directories">Free software project directories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre">Gratis versus libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">Long-term support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_development" title="Open-source software development">Open-source software development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_free_software" title="Outline of free software">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_free_and_open-source_software" title="Timeline of free and open-source software">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages" title="List of free and open-source software packages">Software<br />packages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_free_software_for_audio" title="Comparison of free software for audio">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_bioinformatics_software" title="List of open-source bioinformatics software">Bioinformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_codecs" title="List of open-source codecs">Codecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_configuration_management_software" title="Comparison of open-source configuration management software">Configuration management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">Drivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver" title="Free and open-source graphics device driver">Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_wireless_drivers" title="Comparison of open-source wireless drivers">Wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_health_software" title="List of open-source health software">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_software_for_mathematics" title="List of open-source software for mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_office_suites" title="List of office suites">Office suites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_operating_systems" title="Comparison of open-source operating systems">Operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_routing_platforms" title="List of open-source routing platforms">Routing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_television_software" title="List of free television software">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_video_games" title="List of open-source video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_web_applications" title="List of free and open-source web applications">Web applications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_shopping_cart_software" title="Comparison of shopping cart software">E-commerce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_Android_applications" title="List of free and open-source Android applications">Android apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_iOS_applications" title="List of free and open-source iOS applications">iOS apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercial_open-source_applications_and_services" title="List of commercial open-source applications and services">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_formerly_proprietary_software" title="List of formerly proprietary software">Formerly proprietary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_formerly_free_and_open-source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="List of formerly free and open-source software">Formerly open-source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_free_and_open-source_software" title="History of free and open-source software">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source-software_movement" title="Open-source-software movement">Open-source-software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free-software_events" title="List of free-software events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_advocacy" title="Open-source software advocacy">Advocacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_software_organizations" title="List of free and open-source software organizations">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Movement_of_India" title="Free Software Movement of India">Free Software Movement of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free-software_license" title="Free-software license">Licenses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_Free_License" title="Academic Free License">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Public_Source_License" title="Apple Public Source License">APSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_License" title="Artistic License">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beerware" title="Beerware">Beerware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">BSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Development_and_Distribution_License" title="Common Development and Distribution License">CDDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Public_License" title="Eclipse Public License">EPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU GPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Affero_General_Public_License" title="GNU Affero General Public License">GNU AGPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public License">GNU LGPL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISC_license" title="ISC license">ISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Public_License" title="Mozilla Public License">MPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_License" title="Python License">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_Software_Foundation_License" title="Python Software Foundation License">Python Software Foundation License</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shared Source Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepycat_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleepycat License">Sleepycat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlicense" title="Unlicense">Unlicense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTFPL" title="WTFPL">WTFPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlib_License" title="Zlib License">zlib</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Types_and_standards" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types and<br /> standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_free_and_open-source_software_licenses" title="Comparison of free and open-source software licenses">Comparison of licenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributor_License_Agreement" title="Contributor License Agreement">Contributor License Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Debian Free Software Guidelines">Debian Free Software Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works">Definition of Free Cultural Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_license" title="Free license">Free license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Software_Definition" title="The Free Software Definition">The Free Software Definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Source_Definition" title="The Open Source Definition">The Open Source Definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">Open-source license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permissive_software_license" title="Permissive software license">Permissive software license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Challenges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/License_proliferation" title="License proliferation">License proliferation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_software_rebranded_by_Debian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla software rebranded by Debian">Mozilla software rebranding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_device_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietary device driver">Proprietary device drivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_firmware" title="Proprietary firmware">Proprietary firmware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO/Linux controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_patents_and_free_software" title="Software patents and free software">Software patents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_security" title="Open-source software security">Software security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivoization" title="Tivoization">Tivoization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Computing" title="Trusted Computing">Trusted Computing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">Forking</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GNU_Manifesto" title="GNU Manifesto">GNU Manifesto</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise" title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-core_model" title="Open-core model">Open-core model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open-source hardware</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shared Source Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source-available_software" title="Source-available software">Source-available software</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cathedral_and_the_Bazaar" title="The Cathedral and the Bazaar">The Cathedral and the Bazaar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolution_OS" title="Revolution OS">Revolution OS</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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