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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">文頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 歷史 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-農業領域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農業領域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 農業領域 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-農業領域-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 切換去農業領域細章節 </button> <ul id="toc-農業領域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-種植農業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#種植農業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 種植農業 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-種植農業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-耕作系統" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#耕作系統"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 耕作系統 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-耕作系統-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-種植農業嘅產品" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#種植農業嘅產品"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 種植農業嘅產品 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-種植農業嘅產品-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-農業生產" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農業生產"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 農業生產 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-農業生產-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 切換去農業生產細章節 </button> <ul id="toc-農業生產-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-農作物管理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農作物管理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 農作物管理 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-農作物管理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各種農法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各種農法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 各種農法 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-各種農法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-能源同農業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#能源同農業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 能源同農業 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-能源同農業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-緩解石油短缺嘅影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#緩解石油短缺嘅影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 緩解石油短缺嘅影響 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-緩解石油短缺嘅影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經濟計算" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟計算"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 經濟計算 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經濟計算-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-農業經營" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農業經營"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 農業經營 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-農業經營-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 切換去農業經營細章節 </button> <ul id="toc-農業經營-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-特點" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特點"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 特點 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-特點-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-規模" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#規模"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 規模 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-規模-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-農業政策" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農業政策"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 農業政策 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-農業政策-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-農業生產額" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農業生產額"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 農業生產額 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-農業生產額-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-農作物嘅流通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農作物嘅流通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 農作物嘅流通 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-農作物嘅流通-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 切換去農作物嘅流通細章節 </button> <ul id="toc-農作物嘅流通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-食品安全、標籤同規管" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#食品安全、標籤同規管"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 食品安全、標籤同規管 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-食品安全、標籤同規管-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-加工、流通同市場營銷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#加工、流通同市場營銷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 加工、流通同市場營銷 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-加工、流通同市場營銷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-品種改良同生物科技" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#品種改良同生物科技"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 品種改良同生物科技 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-品種改良同生物科技-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 切換去品種改良同生物科技細章節 </button> <ul id="toc-品種改良同生物科技-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-基因工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基因工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 基因工程 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基因工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-抗除草劑嘅基因改造作物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#抗除草劑嘅基因改造作物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 抗除草劑嘅基因改造作物 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-抗除草劑嘅基因改造作物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-抗蟲嘅基因改造作物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#抗蟲嘅基因改造作物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 抗蟲嘅基因改造作物 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-抗蟲嘅基因改造作物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基因改造作物嘅成本同好處" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基因改造作物嘅成本同好處"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 基因改造作物嘅成本同好處 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基因改造作物嘅成本同好處-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-農業可持續性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農業可持續性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 農業可持續性 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-農業可持續性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-對環境嘅影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#對環境嘅影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 對環境嘅影響 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-對環境嘅影響-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 切換去對環境嘅影響細章節 </button> <ul id="toc-對環境嘅影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-畜牧業嘅問題" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#畜牧業嘅問題"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 畜牧業嘅問題 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-畜牧業嘅問題-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-開墾同荒廢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#開墾同荒廢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 開墾同荒廢 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-開墾同荒廢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-富營養化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#富營養化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 富營養化 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-富營養化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-農藥" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農藥"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 農藥 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-農藥-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-氣候變化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氣候變化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 氣候變化 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氣候變化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-農業生物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農業生物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 農業生物 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-農業生物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 睇埋 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 註 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-疏仕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#疏仕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 疏仕 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-疏仕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 開/收內容一覽 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">農業</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有197種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-197" aria-hidden="true" > 197種語言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landbou" title="Landbou – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Landbou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landwirtschaft" title="Landwirtschaft – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Landwirtschaft" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%88%BB_%E1%89%B0%E1%8C%8D%E1%89%A3%E1%88%AD" title="የርሻ ተግባር – 阿姆哈拉文" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የርሻ ተግባር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwop-uko" title="Iwop-uko – 奧博洛文" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Iwop-uko" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奧博洛文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF" title="कृषि – 昂加文" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कृषि" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加文" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="زراعة – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زراعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87" title="زراعه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زراعه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF" title="কৃষি – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কৃষি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF" title="कृषि – 阿瓦文" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कृषि" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapuchawi" title="Yapuchawi – 艾馬拉文" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Yapuchawi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾馬拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%99nd_t%C9%99s%C9%99rr%C3%BCfat%C4%B1" title="Kənd təsərrüfatı – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kənd təsərrüfatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="اکینچیلیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اکینچیلیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="正文"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Ауыл хужалығы – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ауыл хужалығы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landwiatschoft" title="Landwiatschoft – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Landwiatschoft" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97s_%C5%ABkis" title="Žemės ūkis – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žemės ūkis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikultura" title="Agrikultura – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Agrikultura" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сельская гаспадарка – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сельская гаспадарка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сельская гаспадарка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сельская гаспадарка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langbow" title="Langbow – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Langbow" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Селско стопанство – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Селско стопанство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="खेती – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="खेती" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%9Bn%C9%9Bk%C9%9B" title="Sɛnɛkɛ – 班巴拉文" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Sɛnɛkɛ" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="কৃষিকাজ – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কৃষিকাজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="སོ་ནམ། – 藏文" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སོ་ནམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏文" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gounezerezh" title="Gounezerezh – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gounezerezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljoprivreda" title="Poljoprivreda – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Poljoprivreda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="正文"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%B4%D3%A9%D3%A9_%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8B" title="Хүдөө ажахы – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүдөө ажахы" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikultura" title="Agrikultura – 宿霧文" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Agrikultura" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿霧文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B6%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%97" title="ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ – 柴羅基文" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="柴羅基文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="وەرزێری – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وەرزێری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zem%C4%9Bd%C4%9Blstv%C3%AD" title="Zemědělství – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zemědělství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gb%C3%B9rz%C3%ABzna" title="Gbùrzëzna – 卡舒布文" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Gbùrzëzna" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒布文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BB_%D1%85%D1%83%D2%AB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%91%D1%85%D3%97" title="Ял хуҫалӑхӗ – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ял хуҫалӑхӗ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaeth" title="Amaeth – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Amaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landbrug" title="Landbrug – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Landbrug" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landwirtschaft" title="Landwirtschaft – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Landwirtschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C9%94bo" title="Koɔbo – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Koɔbo" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagaare</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1)" title="Γεωργία (δραστηριότητα) – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωργία (δραστηριότητα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Agriculture" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikulturo" title="Agrikulturo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Agrikulturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5llumajandus" title="Põllumajandus – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põllumajandus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekazaritza" title="Nekazaritza – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nekazaritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricurtura" title="Agricurtura – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Agricurtura" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="کشاورزی – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کشاورزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maatalous" title="Maatalous – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maatalous" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5llumajandus" title="Põllumajandus – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Põllumajandus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur" title="Landbúnaður – 法羅文" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Landbúnaður" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glelil%C9%9B" title="Glelilɛ – 豐文" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Glelilɛ" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="豐文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Agriculture" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BC%C3%BCrerei" title="Büürerei – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Büürerei" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture – 弗留利文" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Agriculture" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2nbou" title="Lânbou – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lânbou" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmha%C3%ADocht" title="Talmhaíocht – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Talmhaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekincilik" title="Ekincilik – 加告茲文" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Ekincilik" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告茲文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikiltir" title="Agrikiltir – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Agrikiltir" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80iteachas" title="Àiteachas – 蘇格蘭蓋爾文" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Àiteachas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭蓋爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91emit%E1%BB%B9" title="Ñemitỹ – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñemitỹ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirinys" title="Eirinys – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Eirinys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noma" title="Noma – 豪撒文" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Noma" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪撒文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B9ng-ngia%CC%8Dp" title="Nùng-ngia̍p – 客家話" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nùng-ngia̍p" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家話" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="חקלאות – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חקלאות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF" title="कृषि – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कृषि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kheti" title="Kheti – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kheti" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljoprivreda" title="Poljoprivreda – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poljoprivreda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikilti" title="Agrikilti – 海地文" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Agrikilti" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mez%C5%91gazdas%C3%A1g" title="Mezőgazdaság – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mezőgazdaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գյուղատնտեսություն – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գյուղատնտեսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertanian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 國際文（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="國際文（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru_ugbo" title="Oru ugbo – 伊布文" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Oru ugbo" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊布文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikultura" title="Agrikultura – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Agrikultura" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrokultivo" title="Agrokultivo – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Agrokultivo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur" title="Landbúnaður – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Landbúnaður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricoltura" title="Agricoltura – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Agricoltura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="農業 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="農業" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikolcha" title="Agrikolcha – 牙買加克裏奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Agrikolcha" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克裏奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetan%C3%A8n" title="Tetanèn – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tetanèn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="სოფლის მეურნეობა – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სოფლის მეურნეობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C9%96a%CA%8B" title="Haɖaʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Haɖaʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khap" title="Khap – 卡塔布文" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Khap" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Ауыл шаруашылығы – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ауыл шаруашылығы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunaateqarneq" title="Nunaateqarneq – 格陵蘭文" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Nunaateqarneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="格陵蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98" title="កសិកម្ម – 高棉文" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កសិកម្ម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕೃಷಿ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೃಷಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%86%8D%EC%97%85" title="농업 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="농업" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%B2%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کاشکٲری – 喀什米爾文" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کاشکٲری" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="喀什米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87andin%C3%AE" title="Çandinî – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çandinî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammeth" title="Ammeth – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ammeth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Айыл чарба – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Айыл чарба" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikultura" title="Agrikultura – 拉迪諾文" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Agrikultura" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪諾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Хуьруьн майишат – 列茲干文" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Хуьруьн майишат" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列茲干文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultiva" title="Cultiva – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cultiva" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebyamalimiro" title="Ebyamalimiro – 干達文" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ebyamalimiro" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="干達文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landboew" title="Landboew – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Landboew" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricolt%C3%BBa" title="Agricoltûa – 利古里亞文" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Agricoltûa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricoltura" title="Agricoltura – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Agricoltura" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3" title="ກະສິກຳ – 寮文" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກະສິກຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="寮文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97s_%C5%ABkis" title="Žemės ūkis – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žemės ūkis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solsaimesteiba" title="Solsaimesteiba – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Solsaimesteiba" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauksaimniec%C4%ABba" title="Lauksaimniecība – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lauksaimniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF" title="कृषि – 邁蒂利文" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कृषि" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="邁蒂利文" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Pertanian" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fambolena" title="Fambolena – 馬拉加什文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fambolena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬拉加什文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Земјоделство – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Земјоделство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF" title="കൃഷി – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൃഷി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="正文"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%B4%D3%A9%D3%A9_%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B9" title="Хөдөө аж ахуй – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хөдөө аж ахуй" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B5%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B3" title="ပရေင်တဵုလွဳ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ပရေင်တဵုလွဳ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="शेती – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शेती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertanian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 米蘭德斯文" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米蘭德斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="စိုက်ပျိုးမွေးမြူရေး – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စိုက်ပျိုးမွေးမြူရေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="کشاورزی – 馬贊德蘭文" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کشاورزی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="馬贊德蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bueree" title="Bueree – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bueree" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laandbouw" title="Laandbouw – 低地薩克遜文" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Laandbouw" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低地薩克遜文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF" title="कृषि – 尼泊爾文" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कृषि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुँज्या – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बुँज्या" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molaza" title="Molaza – 尼亞斯文" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Molaza" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="尼亞斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landbouw" title="Landbouw – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Landbouw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landbruk" title="Landbruk – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Landbruk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landbruk" title="Landbruk – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Landbruk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikulture" title="Agrikulture – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Agrikulture" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agritchultuthe" title="Agritchultuthe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Agritchultuthe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%C3%A6%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%85%C3%A6%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Хъæууон хæдзарад – 奧塞提文" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хъæууон хæдзарад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奧塞提文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80" title="ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landwirtschaft" title="Landwirtschaft – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Landwirtschaft" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolnictwo" title="Rolnictwo – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rolnictwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%91%DB%8C" title="کھیتی باڑی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کھیتی باڑی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%87" title="کرنه – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کرنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allpa_llamk%27ay" title="Allpa llamk'ay – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Allpa llamk'ay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 羅曼斯文" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="羅曼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultur%C4%83" title="Agricultură – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Agricultură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayricultur%C3%A3" title="Ayriculturã – 羅馬尼亞語系" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ayriculturã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞語系" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сельское хозяйство – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сельское хозяйство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Польногосподарство – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Польногосподарство" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhinzi" title="Ubuhinzi – 盧安達文" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuhinzi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="盧安達文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="कृषिः – 梵文" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कृषिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵文" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Агрикултуура – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Агрикултуура" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱪᱟᱥ – 散塔利文" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱟᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="散塔利文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 撒丁文" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="撒丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultur" title="Agricultur – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Agricultur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA" title="زراعت – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="زراعت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljoprivreda" title="Poljoprivreda – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Poljoprivreda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA" title="කෘෂිකර්මය – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කෘෂිකර්මය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farming" title="Farming – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Farming" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%BEnohospod%C3%A1rstvo" title="Poľnohospodárstvo – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Poľnohospodárstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kmetijstvo" title="Kmetijstvo – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kmetijstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurima" title="Kurima – 塞內加爾文" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kurima" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="塞內加爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer" title="Beer – 索馬利文" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Beer" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索馬利文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bujq%C3%ABsia" title="Bujqësia – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bujqësia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Пољопривреда – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пољопривреда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buur%C3%A4i" title="Buuräi – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Buuräi" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikultur" title="Agrikultur – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Agrikultur" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordbruk" title="Jordbruk – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jordbruk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimo" title="Kilimo – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kilimo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauerstwo" title="Bauerstwo – 西利西亞文" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bauerstwo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/maluk" title="maluk – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="maluk" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="வேளாண்மை – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேளாண்மை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/gaga_na_p%E2%80%99umah_cyoli" title="gaga na p’umah cyoli – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="gaga na p’umah cyoli" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="వ్యవసాయం – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వ్యవసాయం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikultura" title="Agrikultura – 泰頓文" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Agrikultura" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="泰頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D3%A3" title="Кишоварзӣ – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кишоварзӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="เกษตรกรรม – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกษตรกรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%95%E1%88%AD%E1%88%BB" title="ሕርሻ – 提格利尼亞文" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሕርሻ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oba_hojalygy" title="Oba hojalygy – 土庫曼文" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Oba hojalygy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土庫曼文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikultura" title="Agrikultura – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Agrikultura" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egrikalsa" title="Egrikalsa – 托比辛文" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Egrikalsa" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托比辛文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar%C4%B1m" title="Tarım – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tarım" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vurimi" title="Vurimi – 特松加文" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vurimi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="特松加文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%85%D1%83%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Авыл хуҗалыгы – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Авыл хуҗалыгы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сільське господарство – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сільське господарство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA" title="زراعت – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زراعت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qishloq_xo%CA%BBjaligi" title="Qishloq xoʻjaligi – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qishloq xoʻjaligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Agricultura" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mai%C5%BEanduz" title="Maižanduz – 維普森文" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Maižanduz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="維普森文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B4ng_nghi%E1%BB%87p" title="Nông nghiệp – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nông nghiệp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feil" title="Feil – 沃拉普克文" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Feil" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrico%C3%BBteure" title="Agricoûteure – 瓦隆文" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Agricoûteure" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikultura" title="Agrikultura – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Agrikultura" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" title="农业 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="农业" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezolimo" title="Ezolimo – 科薩文" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ezolimo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科薩文" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ოფუტეშ მეურნობა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოფუტეშ მეურნობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="לאנדווירטשאפט – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לאנדווירטשאפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" title="农业 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="农业" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%B2" title="農 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="農" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4ng-gia%CC%8Dp" title="Lông-gia̍p – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lông-gia̍p" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezolimo" title="Ezolimo – 祖魯文" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ezolimo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖魯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11451#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=show-download-screen">下載PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p">印得嘅版本</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Agriculture" hreflang="en">維基同享</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11451" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g">維基數據項</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%90%9E%E6%B8%85%E6%A5%9A" title="Wikipedia:搞清楚"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a>  「農」跳轉到呢度。想搵姓氏，請睇「<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%B0%8F" title="農氏">農氏</a>」。</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder-_The_Corn_Harvest_(August).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder-_The_Corn_Harvest_%28August%29.JPG/220px-Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder-_The_Corn_Harvest_%28August%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder-_The_Corn_Harvest_%28August%29.JPG/330px-Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder-_The_Corn_Harvest_%28August%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder-_The_Corn_Harvest_%28August%29.JPG/440px-Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder-_The_Corn_Harvest_%28August%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2305" data-file-height="1648" /></a><figcaption>中世紀農業畫</figcaption></figure> 農業（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Wikipedia:粵文拼音">粵拼</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yue.forvo.com/word/yue/農業/#yue">nung4 jip6</a>）係人專登去種<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>同埋養<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="動物">動物</a>嚟生產<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9" title="農作物">農作物</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="畜牲">畜牲</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="產業">產業</a>，主要為人提供<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%A2%E9%A3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="嘢食">嘢食</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E7%94%A8%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日用品 (無呢版)">日用品</a>嘅原料，可以細分做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%AE%E6%A4%8D%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種植業 (無呢版)">種植業</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%A5%AD" title="林業">林業</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="畜牧業">畜牧業</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水產業 (無呢版)">水產業</a>四大類。 農業係人類定居文明興起嘅重要因素，透過種植馴化物種創造糧食盈餘，令人可以住喺城市入面。雖然人類喺至少105,000年前已經開始收集穀物，但係初期嘅農民大約喺11,500年前先開始種植。羊、山羊、豬同牛大約喺10,000年前被馴化。植物喺世界上至少11個地區獨立被種植。喺20世紀，以大規模單一作物種植為基礎嘅工業農業主導咗農業產量。 截至2021年，小型農場生產咗世界上大約三分之一嘅食物，但係大型農場仲係佔主導地位。全球最大嘅1%農場嘅面積大過50公頃（120英畝），佔全球農地嘅70%以上。差唔多40%嘅農業用地都係喺面積大過1,000公頃（2,500英畝）嘅農場度。不過，全世界六分之五嘅農場嘅面積細過2公頃（4.9英畝），只佔全部農業用地大約12%。農場同耕作大大影響鄉村經濟，亦都深刻塑造鄉村社會，影響直接從事農業嘅勞動力同支持農場同農業人口嘅更廣泛嘅企業。 主要嘅農產品可以大致分為食品、纖維、燃料同原材料（例如橡膠）。食品類包括穀物、蔬菜、水果、食用油、肉、奶、蛋同菇類。全球農業生產量大約有110億噸食物、3,200萬噸天然纖維同40億立方米木材。不過，全世界大約14%嘅食物喺生產到零售之間嘅過程中就已經損失咗。 現代農藝學、植物育種、農用化學品（好似殺蟲劑同肥料）同科技發展大大提高咗農作物產量，但係都對生態同環境造成損害。喺動物畜牧方面，選擇性育種同現代做法都增加咗肉類產量，但係都引起咗對動物福利同環境破壞嘅關注。環境問題包括對氣候變化嘅影響、含水層耗竭、森林砍伐、抗生素耐藥性同其他農業污染。農業既係環境退化嘅原因，又容易受環境退化嘅影響，例如生物多樣性損失、沙漠化、土壤退化同氣候變化，呢啲都可能導致農作物產量下降。基因改造生物被廣泛使用，雖然有啲國家禁止使用。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史">歷史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 歷史">編輯</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">想知多啲：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%98%85%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農業嘅歷史 (無呢版)">農業嘅歷史</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E8%80%95#農耕嘅歷史" class="mw-redirect" title="農耕">農耕 § 農耕嘅歷史</a></div> 人類原本淨係靠打獵同採集嚟維生（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5%E6%8E%A1%E9%9B%86%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="狩獵採集社會 (無呢版)">狩獵採集社會</a>；亦係「搵食」呢個字嘅來源），喺某個階段開始搞農業。關於農業嘅起源有好多講法，但係根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="哈佛大學">哈佛大學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="特拉維夫大學">特拉維夫大學</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海法大學 (無呢版)">海法大學</a>嘅聯合研究團隊喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E5%88%A9%E6%B9%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加利利湖 (無呢版)">加利利湖</a>岸邊發現咗23,000年前嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E8%80%95" class="mw-redirect" title="農耕">農耕</a>遺跡（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%A5" title="大麥">大麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%BA%A5" title="黑麥">黑麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E9%BA%A5" title="燕麥">燕麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%A9%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%8F%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="斯佩爾特小麥">斯佩爾特小麥</a>），呢個發現喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1" title="紐約時報">紐約時報</a>等媒體都有報道過<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>。 另外，大概一萬年前，喺中國嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F" title="長江">長江</a>流域已經開始以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%BB%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="稻作 (無呢版)">稻作</a>為主嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E8%80%95" class="mw-redirect" title="農耕">農耕</a>，呢個通過考古發掘已經證實咗。而喺<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%87%A1%E7%89%B9" title="黎凡特">黎凡特</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E5%98%85%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歷史上嘅敘利亞 (無呢版)">敘利亞</a>周邊，即係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%88%E6%B2%83%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新月沃地 (無呢版)">新月沃地</a>嘅西半部），喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E8%83%A1%E9%9B%B7%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰勒阿布胡雷拉 (無呢版)">泰勒阿布胡雷拉</a>遺址（11050BP，即係公元前9050年左右）發現咗最古老級數嘅農耕遺跡（<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%BA%A5" title="黑麥">黑麥</a>）。講到薯仔類，喺巴布亞新幾內亞發現咗9000年前嘅農業灌溉設施遺跡「庫克早期農耕遺址」，呢個係澳洲學術調查發現嘅。同農耕差唔多時間開始嘅仲有<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="畜牧">畜牧</a>。 中緯度地區嘅狩獵民族定居之後開始搞農耕同畜牧，呢個過程叫做「農業革命」，對之後人類社會有好大影響<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>。 要種植物就要清理自然植被，當時嘅做法係燒掉個塊地然後播種<a href="#cite_note-takahashi-4">[4]</a>。原始人可能唔知，但係草木灰裏面有養分，所以算係一種施肥（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%80%E8%80%95%E7%81%AB%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刀耕火種 (無呢版)">刀耕火種</a>）<a href="#cite_note-takahashi-4">[4]</a>。但係呢個方法唔夠提供充足嘅養分，要實現完全定居嘅農業就要等到歐洲發展出輪作同主動施肥（歐洲主要係用廄肥，日本主要係用割草敷）呢啲方法<a href="#cite_note-takahashi-4">[4]</a>。 隨住社會分工，原本為自給自足同以物易物而搞嘅農業慢慢變成商業化嘅農業<a href="#cite_note-takahashi-4">[4]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="農業領域">農業領域</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 農業領域">編輯</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rice_Terraces_Banaue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rice_Terraces_Banaue.jpg/250px-Rice_Terraces_Banaue.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rice_Terraces_Banaue.jpg/375px-Rice_Terraces_Banaue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rice_Terraces_Banaue.jpg/500px-Rice_Terraces_Banaue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1157" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E7%A7%91%E8%BF%AA%E5%8B%92%E6%8B%89%E6%A2%AF%E7%94%B0%E7%BE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲律賓科迪勒拉梯田群 (無呢版)">菲律賓科迪勒拉梯田群</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="聯合國教科文組織">聯合國教科文組織</a>將佢列為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2" title="世界遺產">世界遺產</a>，係世界上最大規模嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AF%E7%94%B0" title="梯田">梯田</a>。</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crops_Kansas_AST_20010624.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Crops_Kansas_AST_20010624.jpg/250px-Crops_Kansas_AST_20010624.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Crops_Kansas_AST_20010624.jpg/375px-Crops_Kansas_AST_20010624.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Crops_Kansas_AST_20010624.jpg/500px-Crops_Kansas_AST_20010624.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2589" data-file-height="2481" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="美國">美國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%AA%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="堪薩斯州">堪薩斯州</a>嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E8%BB%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中心軸 (無呢版)">中心軸</a>灌溉耕地</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coffee_Plantation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coffee_Plantation.jpg/300px-Coffee_Plantation.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coffee_Plantation.jpg/450px-Coffee_Plantation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coffee_Plantation.jpg/600px-Coffee_Plantation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米納斯吉拉斯州 (無呢版)">米納斯吉拉斯州</a>嘅咖啡種植園</figcaption></figure> 喺產業分類同生產物分類入面，農業通常分為種植農業同畜牧農業（仲有農業服務同園藝服務）<a href="#cite_note-naro-5">[5]</a>。種植同畜牧兩個部門嘅合作叫做種畜連携<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="種植農業">種植農業</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 種植農業">編輯</a>]</div> 種植農業係指種植稻米、小麥、蔬菜等嘅農業活動<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="耕作系統">耕作系統</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 耕作系統">編輯</a>]</div> 耕作系統會因應可用資源同限制條件（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" title="地形">地形</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候">氣候</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" title="天氣">天氣</a>、政府嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="政策">政策</a>、經濟、社會、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>嘅壓力，農戶嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%93%E7%87%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="經營 (無呢版)">經營</a>方針同習慣）而改變<a href="#cite_note-FAO_FS-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-PCP_APS-9">[9]</a>。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%80%E8%80%95%E7%81%AB%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刀耕火種 (無呢版)">刀耕火種</a>係每年燒林，用釋放出嚟嘅營養素嚟耕種，之後種幾年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%9F%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="多年生植物">多年生</a>作物<a href="#cite_note-CS-10">[10]</a>。呢塊地之後會休耕，自然恢復成森林，10到20年之後再燒嚟用。隨住人口密度增加，休耕期會變短，所以就要用肥料同做病蟲害管理。 再下一個階段係冇休耕期嘅耕作系統，呢個就更加需要營養管理同病蟲害管理。再之後工業化進一步發展，就出現咗大規模種植單一作物嘅系統。淨係種一種<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9%E5%93%81%E7%A8%AE" title="栽培品種">栽培品種</a>會令到<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a>減少，需要嘅營養素都變得單一，病蟲害都會容易爆發。所以就要更加依賴<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E8%97%A5" title="農藥">農藥</a>同化學肥料<a href="#cite_note-PCP_APS-9">[9]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%A9%E9%80%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一年兩造 (無呢版)">多造</a>係喺一年之內連續種植幾種作物嘅系統，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%93%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="間作 (無呢版)">間作</a>係同時種植幾種作物嘅系統。仲有類似嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混作 (無呢版)">混作</a>系統<a href="#cite_note-CS-10">[10]</a>。 喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6" class="mw-disambig" title="熱帶">熱帶</a>，呢啲耕作系統實際上都有人用緊。喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="亞熱帶">亞熱帶</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙漠氣候 (無呢版)">沙漠氣候</a>，種植作物就只能喺落雨嘅季節（雨季）做，一年冇辦法種好多次，除非用<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="灌溉">灌溉</a>。喺呢啲環境，人哋會種多年生作物（<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡">咖啡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%8F%A4%E5%8A%9B" title="朱古力">朱古力</a>），仲有一啲好似<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9E%97%E6%B7%B7%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農林混作 (無呢版)">農林混作</a>嘅耕作系統。喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="溫帶">溫帶</a>有好多<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F" title="草原">草原</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F" title="大草原">大草原</a>，主要係一年收成一次嘅高產耕作系統<a href="#cite_note-CS-10">[10]</a>。 20世紀係<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E7%B4%84%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="集約農業">集約農業</a>、農業集中同<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%B7%A5" title="分工">分工</a>發展嘅時代，有新嘅農業化學技術（化學<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="肥料">肥料</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E8%97%A5" title="農藥">農藥</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農業機械 (無呢版)">農業機械</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%81%E7%A8%AE%E6%94%B9%E8%89%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="品種改良 (無呢版)">品種改良</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E4%BA%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="雜交">雜交</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基因改造作物 (無呢版)">基因改造作物</a>）支持住呢啲發展。呢幾十年，連埋社會經濟學嘅公平性同資源保護嘅概念，仲有耕作系統中環境嘅概念，出現咗<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="可持續農業">可持續農業</a>嘅趨勢<a href="#cite_note-USDA_sust-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-ATTRA-12">[12]</a>。呢個趨勢產生咗好多同傳統農業唔同嘅農業形式。例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="有機農業">有機農業</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E9%83%8A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="近郊農業 (無呢版)">近郊農業</a>、<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/community_supported_agriculture" class="extiw" title="en:community supported agriculture">社區支持農業</a>、生態農業、<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/integrated_farming" class="extiw" title="en:integrated farming">綜合農業</a>等等，整體上明顯有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農業多樣化 (無呢版)">農業多樣化</a>嘅趨勢。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="種植農業嘅產品">種植農業嘅產品</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 種植農業嘅產品">編輯</a>]</div> 生產物分類有好幾種，但主要嘅種植農業產品包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%89%A9" title="穀物">穀物</a>（小麥、粟米、稻米、高粱、大麥、黑麥、燕麥、雜糧、其他穀物）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%AC%E8%8F%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="蔬菜">蔬菜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%9E%9C" title="生果">生果</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%85%E6%9E%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="堅果">堅果</a>、油料種子同油料果實（黃豆、花生、棉花、橄欖、椰子等）、香料植物同香料作物（咖啡、茶、胡椒、辣椒）、豆類、糖料作物（甜菜、甘蔗等）、其他植物原料（飼料用植物、纖維植物、煙草）等等<a href="#cite_note-naro-5">[5]</a>。 以下係<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E7%B3%A7%E9%A3%9F%E5%8F%8A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="聯合國糧食及農業組織">聯合國糧食及農業組織</a> (FAO) 對各類作物產量嘅估計： <table class="wikitable" style="float:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">按農作物種類分嘅產量 （單位：百萬噸）2004年 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%89%A9" title="穀物">穀物</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,263 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%AC%E8%8F%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="蔬菜">蔬菜</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%AB%E8%98%86%E7%A7%91" title="葫蘆科">葫蘆科</a>植物</td> <td style="text-align:right;">866 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9" title="根">根</a>同塊莖</td> <td style="text-align:right;">715 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E5%A5%B6" title="牛奶">牛奶</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">619 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%9E%9C" title="生果">生果</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">503 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="肉類">肉類</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">259 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%B2%B9" title="植物油">植物油</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">133 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E9%A1%9E" title="魚類">魚類</a>（2001年估計）</td> <td style="text-align:right;">130 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9E%E8%9B%8B" title="雞蛋">雞蛋</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">63 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%86" class="mw-disambig" title="豆">豆</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物纖維 (無呢版)">植物纖維</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">資料來源： <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E7%B3%A7%E9%A3%9F%E5%8F%8A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="聯合國糧食及農業組織">聯合國糧食及農業組織</a> (FAO)<a href="#cite_note-FAO-13">[13]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-left: 2em"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">按作物分嘅產量 （單位：百萬噸）2004年 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%94%97" class="mw-redirect" title="甘蔗">甘蔗</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,324 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%B1%B3" title="粟米">粟米</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">721 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%BA%A5" title="小麥">小麥</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">627 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%BB%E7%B1%B3" title="稻米">稻米</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">605 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94" title="薯仔">薯仔</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">328 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9C%E8%8F%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="甜菜">甜菜</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">249 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%B1%86" title="黃豆">黃豆</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">204 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B9%E6%A3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="油棕 (無呢版)">油棕</a>果</td> <td style="text-align:right;">162 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%A5" title="大麥">大麥</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">154 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%95%83%E8%8C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="蕃茄">蕃茄</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">120 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">資料來源： <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E7%B3%A7%E9%A3%9F%E5%8F%8A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="聯合國糧食及農業組織">聯合國糧食及農業組織</a> (FAO)<a href="#cite_note-FAO-13">[13]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="農業生產">農業生產</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 農業生產">編輯</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="農作物管理">農作物管理</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 農作物管理">編輯</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mt_Uluguru_and_Sisal_plantations.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mt_Uluguru_and_Sisal_plantations.jpg/300px-Mt_Uluguru_and_Sisal_plantations.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mt_Uluguru_and_Sisal_plantations.jpg/450px-Mt_Uluguru_and_Sisal_plantations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mt_Uluguru_and_Sisal_plantations.jpg/600px-Mt_Uluguru_and_Sisal_plantations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2567" data-file-height="1299" /></a><figcaption>農場入面條主要道路。機器可以經過嘅闊度。（坦桑尼亞）</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%95%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耕作 (無呢版)">耕作</a></dt> <dd>耕作即係整治塊地、種植農作物、撒肥料、同埋殺蟲嘅工作。亦有啲農法好似<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8D%E8%80%95%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="免耕栽培 (無呢版)">免耕栽培</a>咁，基本上唔使耕地。耕作可以令土壤變暖、混入肥料、清除雜草，從而提高生產力。但係亦會令表土容易被沖刷、加速有機物分解釋放二氧化碳、仲會令土壤生物多樣性降低<a href="#cite_note-Soil-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-PCP_Tillage-15">[15]</a>。</dd></dl> <dl><dt>病蟲害防治</dt> <dd>病蟲害防治係指預防同對付<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E8%8D%89" title="雜草">雜草</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E8%9F%B2" title="昆蟲">昆蟲</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="疾病">疾病</a>。方法包括化學防治（用<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E8%97%A5" title="農藥">農藥</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%98%B2%E6%B2%BB" title="生物防治">生物防治</a>、機械防治（耕作）同埋農業習慣等<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>。農業習慣包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%AA%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="輪作 (無呢版)">輪作</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%8F%E8%8B%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疏苗 (無呢版)">疏苗</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%86%E8%93%8B%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="覆蓋作物 (無呢版)">覆蓋作物</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%93%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="間作 (無呢版)">間作</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%86%E8%82%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="堆肥 (無呢版)">堆肥</a>、增強作物抵抗力等技術<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%85%E8%9F%B2%E5%AE%B3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="綜合病蟲害管理 (無呢版)">綜合病蟲害管理</a>就係用呢啲技術，將害蟲控制喺唔會造成經濟損失嘅水平，而農藥係最後嘅選擇<a href="#cite_note-PCP_Pest-18">[18]</a>。</dd></dl> <dl><dt>營養管理（施肥）</dt> <dd>營養管理係指管理農作物同畜產品生產投入嘅營養，包括點樣用家畜嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%9E%E8%82%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="糞肥 (無呢版)">糞肥</a>。營養包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="肥料">肥料</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%9E%E8%82%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="糞肥 (無呢版)">糞肥</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%A0%E8%82%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="綠肥 (無呢版)">綠肥</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%86%E8%82%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="堆肥 (無呢版)">堆肥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="礦物質">礦物質</a>等<a href="#cite_note-PCP_Soil-19">[19]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%AA%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="輪作 (無呢版)">輪作</a>同休耕都係一種營養管理<a href="#cite_note-CS_nutrient-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Soil_nutrient-21">[21]</a>。糞肥可以通過集約式輪牧 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/managed_intensive_rotational_grazing" class="extiw" title="en:managed intensive rotational grazing">en</a>) 畀牛羊食草時自然排出，或者將固體/液體糞肥撒喺耕地同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A7%E8%8D%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牧草 (無呢版)">牧草</a>地度。</dd></dl> <dl><dt>水分管理</dt> <dd>世界上大部分地方都需要水分管理，特別係降雨量唔夠或者變化大嘅地方<a href="#cite_note-CS-10">[10]</a>。有啲地方會用<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="灌溉">灌溉</a>嚟補充降雨量。喺美國同加拿大嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="大平原">大平原</a>，有啲地方會用休耕嚟保存土壤水分<a href="#cite_note-PCP_Water-22">[22]</a>。全世界用嘅淡水入面，有70%係用喺農業度<a href="#cite_note-Pimentel_water-23">[23]</a>。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="各種農法">各種農法</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯小節: 各種農法">編輯</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E7%A8%AE%E6%A4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有機種植 (無呢版)">有機種植</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B4%A8%E7%A8%BB%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鴨稻共生 (無呢版)">鴨稻共生</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%BE%B2%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然農法 (無呢版)">自然農法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E8%BE%B2%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物動力農法 (無呢版)">生物動力農法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8D%E8%80%95%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="免耕栽培 (無呢版)">免耕栽培</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%80%95" title="水耕">水耕</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E5%BB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物工廠 (無呢版)">植物工廠</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9E%97%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E7%B6%93%E7%87%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農林複合經營 (無呢版)">農林複合經營</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E8%82%A5%E6%96%99%E7%84%A1%E8%BE%B2%E8%97%A5%E7%A8%AE%E6%A4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無肥料無農藥種植 (無呢版)">無肥料無農藥種植</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E8%BE%B2%E8%97%A5%E7%A8%AE%E6%A4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無農藥種植 (無呢版)">無農藥種植</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E8%BE%B2%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅洛維農法 (無呢版)">雅洛維農法</a>（1950年代喺日本流行一時，之後冇人用）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="能源同農業">能源同農業</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯小節: 能源同農業">編輯</a>]</div> 由1940年代開始，主要靠大量用能源嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%8C%96" title="機械化">機械化</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="肥料">肥料</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E8%97%A5" title="農藥">農藥</a>，農業生產力大幅提高。呢啲能源大部分都係來自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料">化石燃料</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>。1950年到1984年間嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="綠色革命">綠色革命</a>令到全世界嘅農業大變樣，喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="世界人口">世界人口</a>增加一倍嘅同時，穀物產量增加咗250%<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>。而家嘅農業好依賴石油化學產品同機械，有人擔心石油短缺會令成本上升、農業產量減少，引發糧食危機。 <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:center; margin-left:1em"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">發達國家嘅農業同食物系統 用咗幾多能源（%） </th></tr> <tr> <th>國家 </th> <th>年份 </th> <th>農業 （直接&間接） </th> <th>食物 系統 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" title="英國">英國</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> </td> <td>2005年 </td> <td>1.9 </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="美國">美國</a><a href="#cite_note-css.snre.umich.edu-27">[27]</a> </td> <td>1996年 </td> <td>2.1 </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="美國">美國</a><a href="#cite_note-ers.usda.gov-28">[28]</a> </td> <td>2002年 </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> </td> <td>2000年 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>13 </td></tr></tbody></table> 而家嘅機械化農業有兩種方式依賴化石燃料。一係直接喺農場用作燃料，二係間接用嚟製造農場要用嘅嘢。直接用嘅包括農業機械嘅燃料同潤滑油，仲有用嚟做乾燥機、泵、暖氣、冷氣嘅天然氣同電力。2002年美國農場直接用咗大約1.2<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾焦耳 (無呢版)">艾焦耳</a>嘅能源，係美國總能源消耗嘅1%有多<a href="#cite_note-ncseonline.org-30">[30]</a>。 間接用嘅主要係製造肥料同農藥用嘅石油同天然氣，2002年用咗0.6艾焦耳<a href="#cite_note-ncseonline.org-30">[30]</a>。製造農業機械用嘅能源都係間接用，但係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國農業部 (無呢版)">美國農業部</a>嘅統計冇計埋呢樣。加埋計，美國農業直接同間接用嘅能源大約係總能源消耗嘅2%。美國農業嘅直接同間接能源消耗喺1979年達到頂峰，之後30年慢慢減少緊<a href="#cite_note-ncseonline.org-30">[30]</a>。 食物系統唔單止包括農業生產，仲有之後嘅加工、包裝、運輸、銷售、消費、廢棄等所有同食物有關嘅嘢。喺美國，農業用嘅能源唔夠食物系統總能源消耗嘅五分一<a href="#cite_note-css.snre.umich.edu-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-ers.usda.gov-28">[28]</a>。 如果石油短缺，會影響到糧食供應。有啲採用現代有機農法嘅農場話，唔使化學肥料同農藥都可以保持高產量。但係要恢復因為石油科技帶來嘅單一種植而失去嘅土壤養分需要時間<a href="#cite_note-Realities_of_organic_farming-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-extension.agron.iastate.edu-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-berkeley1-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-terradaily1-34">[34]</a>。 2007年，種植<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="生物燃料">生物燃料</a>作物吸引咗好多農民<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>，加上其他因素（運輸成本上升、天氣異常、中國同印度食物需求增加、世界人口增加等）<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>，令到亞洲、中歐、非洲、墨西哥等地<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%A7%E9%A3%9F%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="糧食安全">糧食供應緊張</a>，全世界<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="食品">食品</a>價格都升咗<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a>。截至2007年12月，37個國家出現糧食危機，20個國家實施咗某種形式嘅糧食價格管制。呢次<a href="/w/index.php?title=2007%E5%B9%B4-2008%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%B3%A7%E9%A3%9F%E5%83%B9%E6%A0%BC%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007年-2008年世界糧食價格危機 (無呢版)">2007年-2008年世界糧食價格危機</a>仲引發咗暴動<a href="#cite_note-guardian.co.uk-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-timesonline.co.uk-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-41">[41]</a>。 農業相關嘅化石燃料消耗最大嘅係用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E4%BC%AF-%E5%8D%9A%E4%B8%96%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈伯-博世法 (無呢版)">哈伯-博世法</a>製造化學肥料時，用天然氣嚟製造原料氫氣<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>。用天然氣係因為而家佢係最平嘅氫氣原料<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a>。如果石油減少，天然氣會暫時取代佢，根據<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E6%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="供求">供求</a>關係，天然氣嘅價格會更加貴。如果搵唔到其他氫氣原料，用哈伯-博世法製造化學肥料會變得好貴，化學肥料會越嚟越難買到。咁樣，食品價格可能會突然飆升，引發全球糧食危機。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="緩解石油短缺嘅影響">緩解石油短缺嘅影響</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯小節: 緩解石油短缺嘅影響">編輯</a>]</div> 應對石油短缺嘅一個方法係轉用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="有機農業">有機農業</a>。有機農業唔用石油化學製品製造嘅殺蟲劑、除草劑同化學肥料。有啲農場證明咗用現代有機農法都唔會減少產量<a href="#cite_note-Realities_of_organic_farming-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-extension.agron.iastate.edu-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-berkeley1-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-terradaily1-34">[34]</a>。不過有機農業比較費時費力，需要勞動力由城市轉移去鄉村<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a>。 另一個建議係喺鄉村用廢物製造<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%82%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物炭 (無呢版)">生物炭</a>或者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E7%87%83%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="合成燃料 (無呢版)">合成燃料</a>嚟做燃料。合成燃料可以喺當場製造同使用，效率更高，可能可以為新嘅有機農業提供足夠嘅燃料<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>。 而家仲有人研究緊用少啲肥料都唔會減產嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基因改造作物 (無呢版)">基因改造作物</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>。不過生態學家同經濟學家都對基因改造作物有疑問<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>，2008年1月仲有報告話基因改造作物喺環境、社會同經濟方面都係失敗<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%B1%B1%E9%83%BD" title="孟山都">孟山都</a>嘅失敗例子顯示咗基因改造作物嘅可持續性研究有限，而傳統嘅品種改良繼續改善緊作物嘅可持續性<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a>。生物科技行業對非洲自給自足農民嘅調查發現，大部分農民面對嘅問題同基因改造冇關係<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>。儘管咁，有啲非洲政府仲係話投資基因改造技術係提高可持續性嘅必要條件<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="經濟計算">經濟計算</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯小節: 經濟計算">編輯</a>]</div> <dl><dt>農業生產額</dt> <dd>國內農業生產活動得到嘅產品以生產者價格計算嘅價值，加埋農業服務（稻米共同育苗、蔬果共同分級等）嘅銷售額等<a href="#cite_note-tokei-55">[55]</a>。呢個數字代表咗廣義農業嘅國內生產額<a href="#cite_note-tokei-55">[55]</a>。</dd> <dt>農業總生產</dt> <dd>農業生產額減去中間投入，相當於增加值<a href="#cite_note-tokei-55">[55]</a>。中間投入係指種子、肥料、飼料、農藥同醫藥、農具維修、農用建築維修、能源動力、租金等為咗農業生產而投入嘅物資同服務嘅成本<a href="#cite_note-tokei-55">[55]</a>。</dd> <dt>農業淨生產</dt> <dd>農業總生產減去固定資本消耗等（固定資本消耗＋間接稅－經常補貼）<a href="#cite_note-tokei-55">[55]</a>。固定資本消耗係指固定資產喺正常使用中嘅價值減少（折舊）同資本意外損失嘅評估額<a href="#cite_note-tokei-55">[55]</a>。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="農業經營">農業經營</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=12" title="編輯小節: 農業經營">編輯</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農戶 (無呢版)">農戶</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="特點">特點</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=13" title="編輯小節: 特點">編輯</a>]</div> 現代社會係金錢經濟，農業雖然仲保留緊啲自家消費嘅生產，但係大多數農戶都係靠賣農產品嚟賺錢收入㗎<a href="#cite_note-report2013-56">[56]</a>。同打工仔唔同，農戶自己就係經營體，好多時都係靠家庭勞動，所以計算收入就會複雜啲<a href="#cite_note-report2013-56">[56]</a>。 農業收入就係賣農產品嘅收入（準確啲講仲包埋農戶自己食用嘅農產品）減去農業經營支出<a href="#cite_note-report2013-56">[56]</a>。農業經營支出包括肥料、農藥等物料費、地租、請人工錢、農業機械等嘅折舊費<a href="#cite_note-report2013-56">[56]</a>。呢啲經營支出同包括家庭勞動費、自耕地地租、自己資本利息等嘅「生產成本」係有分別㗎<a href="#cite_note-report2013-56">[56]</a>。除咗賣農產品嘅收入之外，有時政府畀嘅補助金都係重要嘅收入來源<a href="#cite_note-report2013-56">[56]</a>。 農業係喺自然環境裏面生產動植物，所以會有自然災害同歉收嘅風險。如果淨係諗住短期內賺大錢，就會搞到土地失去肥力。所以農業經營係有好多方面要考慮㗎<a href="#cite_note-report2013-56">[56]</a>。 種農作物基本上要同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="大自然">大自然</a>打交道，所以好容易受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%85%A7" title="日照">日照</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氣溫">氣溫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E9%9B%A8%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="降雨量">降雨量</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" title="天氣">天氣</a>狀況嘅影響。仲有因為供求關係同投資影響，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="市場">市場</a>價格會起起跌跌，所以收入方面都幾難穩定。 至於<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="畜牧業">畜牧業</a>呢，除咗市場價格波動之外，仲要日日朝早到深夜照顧啲牲口，要畀<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%BC%E6%96%99" title="飼料">飼料</a>佢哋食，仲要帶佢哋做運動。咁就好難放<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87" class="mw-disambig" title="假">假</a>，從業員身體（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%8E%E5%8B%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="過勞 (無呢版)">過勞</a>）同精神（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" title="壓力">壓力</a>）都會好大負擔。仲有牲口嘅屎尿會造成<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E5%91%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="臭味">臭味</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="環境污染">環境污染</a>等問題添<a href="#cite_note-Umweltverschmutzung-57">[57]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="規模">規模</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=14" title="編輯小節: 規模">編輯</a>]</div> 講到農業經營嘅規模，農業經濟學同農業經營學一直都有大農同小農嘅爭論<a href="#cite_note-report2013-56">[56]</a>。小農係指冇請工人嘅小規模家庭經營農戶，佢哋嘅生產活動係靠自家勞動（家庭勞動）嚟做，有部分農產品係自己食用，家庭開支同生產（經營）都冇分開<a href="#cite_note-report2013-56">[56]</a>。有時都會將佢哋分為家庭經營同企業式農業經營<a href="#cite_note-report2013-56">[56]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="農業政策">農業政策</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=15" title="編輯小節: 農業政策">編輯</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambrogio_Lorenzetti,_The_Effects_of_Bad_Government_on_the_Countryside_(detail).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_The_Effects_of_Bad_Government_on_the_Countryside_%28detail%29.JPG/240px-Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_The_Effects_of_Bad_Government_on_the_Countryside_%28detail%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_The_Effects_of_Bad_Government_on_the_Countryside_%28detail%29.JPG/360px-Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_The_Effects_of_Bad_Government_on_the_Countryside_%28detail%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_The_Effects_of_Bad_Government_on_the_Countryside_%28detail%29.JPG/480px-Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_The_Effects_of_Bad_Government_on_the_Countryside_%28detail%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="929" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption>「壞政府對鄉下嘅壞影響」。呢幅畫顯示咗因為壞政府，<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E4%B8%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="鄉下">鄉下</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9D%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農村 (無呢版)">農村</a>）變得荒廢嘅情況。（14世紀）</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="農業政策">農業政策</a></div> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="農業政策">農業政策</a>係處理農業生產嘅目標同埋方法。喺政策層面，主要嘅農業目標有以下幾樣： <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保育生態學 (無呢版)">生態系統嘅保育</a></li> <li>經濟穩定</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7" title="可持續性">可持續性</a></li> <li>食物質素：確保食物供應有一定嘅質素</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="食品安全">食品安全</a>：確保食物供應冇受到污染</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%A7%E9%A3%9F%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="糧食安全">糧食安全</a>：確保有足夠嘅食物供應畀人口<a href="#cite_note-un_warning-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-nnxnwc-59">[59]</a></li> <li>減少<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E7%AA%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="貧窮">貧窮</a></li></ul> 好多政府都畀緊補貼或者資助農業，確保有適當嘅食物供應。呢啲農業補貼通常係畀<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%BA%A5" title="小麥">小麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%B1%B3" title="粟米">粟米</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="米">米</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%B1%86" title="黃豆">黃豆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E5%A5%B6" title="牛奶">牛奶</a>等特定食品。當<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="已發展國家">已發展國家</a>實施呢啲補貼制度嘅時候，通常會被叫做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保護貿易 (無呢版)">保護貿易</a>，而且經常被批評為冇效率同對環境有壞影響<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a>。 近年來，因為大家對密集式農業對環境嘅負面影響（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外部性 (無呢版)">外部性</a>）有咗反彈，特別係水質污染嘅問題，所以出現咗推動<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="有機農業">有機農業</a>嘅行動。例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐盟">歐盟</a>喺1991年開始認證<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E8%BE%B2%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有機農產品 (無呢版)">有機農產品</a>，到咗2005年，佢哋修改咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="共同農業政策 (無呢版)">共同農業政策</a> (CAP)<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a>，決定逐步將生產量同補貼分開，呢個叫做「脫鈎方式」。 2007年下半年，因為幾個因素，穀物價格突然飆升（小麥升咗58%，黃豆升咗32%，粟米升咗11%），連帶影響到用穀物做飼料嘅畜牧產品價格都跟住升<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a>。全世界好多國家都出現咗<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E5%8B%95" title="暴動">暴動</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian.co.uk-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-timesonline.co.uk-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-41">[41]</a>。價格飆升嘅原因有澳洲等地嘅乾旱、中國同印度等國家嘅中產階級對肉類需求增加、穀物開始用嚟生產生物燃料，同埋有啲國家限制咗貿易等等。 最近，Ug99株嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%BA%A5" title="小麥">小麥</a>染上咗一種叫做小麥桿銹病 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stem_rust" class="extiw" title="en:stem rust">英文</a>) 嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="傳染病">傳染病</a>，喺非洲同亞洲蔓延開，令人好擔心<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewSci-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a>。另外，全世界大約40%嘅農地都面臨嚴重嘅土壤退化問題<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聯合國大學 (無呢版)">聯合國大學</a>喺加納嘅非洲自然資源研究所話，如果非洲繼續呢樣土壤退化落去，到2025年，可能淨係得25%嘅非洲人口先有糧食食<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a>。 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2005gdpAgricultural.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/2005gdpAgricultural.PNG/500px-2005gdpAgricultural.PNG" decoding="async" width="500" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/2005gdpAgricultural.PNG/750px-2005gdpAgricultural.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/2005gdpAgricultural.PNG/1000px-2005gdpAgricultural.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>2005年世界各國嘅農業生產總值大概情況。以中華人民共和國為100，其他國家嘅農業生產值作比較。綠色圓圈代表100%（中華人民共和國），黃色圓圈代表10%（有3個就係30%，如此類推），紅色圓圈代表1%</figcaption></figure> 因為經濟發展、人口密度、文化等因素唔同，世界各地嘅農民都係喺完全唔同嘅條件下工作。 美國嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E8%8A%B1" title="棉花">棉花</a>農民每英畝土地可以攞到230美元嘅補貼（2003年嘅數據），但係<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="馬里共和國">馬里共和國</a>等發展中國家嘅農民就冇呢啲補貼<a href="#cite_note-BBC-69">[69]</a>。就算價格跌，美國嘅棉農因為有補貼，所以唔使減少生產，但係馬里嘅棉農就可能因為價格跌而破產。 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="南韓">南韓</a>嘅畜牧農民受到政府保護，每頭牛仔可以賣到1300美元。但係南美洲<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南方共同市場 (無呢版)">南方共同市場</a>成員國嘅農場主，每頭牛仔嘅售價淨係得120到200美元（兩個都係2008年嘅數據）<a href="#cite_note-beefsite-70">[70]</a>。前者係用政府補貼嚟彌補土地不足同高成本，後者就靠大量土地同低成本嚟彌補冇補貼嘅情況。 喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>，平均每個農戶嘅耕地大約係1公頃<a href="#cite_note-Kansas-71">[71]</a>。喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD" title="巴拉圭">巴拉圭</a>等容許外國人自由買地嘅國家，幾千公頃嘅農地或者未開發嘅土地可以喺國際市場上以每公頃幾百美元嘅價錢賣出<a href="#cite_note-Paraguay-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brazil-73">[73]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="農業生產額">農業生產額</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=16" title="編輯小節: 農業生產額">編輯</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agricultural_value_map_1970-2008.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Agricultural_value_map_1970-2008.gif/400px-Agricultural_value_map_1970-2008.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Agricultural_value_map_1970-2008.gif/600px-Agricultural_value_map_1970-2008.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Agricultural_value_map_1970-2008.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>1970〜2008年嘅農業生產額。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="綠色革命">綠色革命</a>改變咗局勢。</figcaption></figure> 下面係2011年世界各國嘅農業生產額。 <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="font-size:100%"> <caption>2011年嘅農業生產額 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="8%">排名 </th> <th width="23%">國家 </th> <th width="23%">生產額（十億美金） </th> <th width="23%">佔GDP比例 (%) </th> <th width="23%">世界份額 (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">— </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  全世界 </td> <td align="right">4,249.237 </td> <td align="right">6.1% </td> <td align="right">100.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a> </td> <td align="right">737.113 </td> <td align="right">10.1% </td> <td align="right">17.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">— </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:European_Union%E6%97%97%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:European Union旗資料 (無呢版)">Template:European Union旗資料</a> </td> <td align="right">316.398 </td> <td align="right">1.8% </td> <td align="right">7.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a> </td> <td align="right">303.382 </td> <td align="right">18.1% </td> <td align="right">7.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="美國">美國</a> </td> <td align="right">181.128 </td> <td align="right">1.2% </td> <td align="right">4.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a> </td> <td align="right">144.589 </td> <td align="right">5.8% </td> <td align="right">3.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">5 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC" title="印尼">印尼</a> </td> <td align="right">126.006 </td> <td align="right">14.9% </td> <td align="right">3.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">6 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="尼日利亞">尼日利亞</a> </td> <td align="right">93.179 </td> <td align="right">39.0% </td> <td align="right">2.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">7 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a> </td> <td align="right">82.173 </td> <td align="right">1.4% </td> <td align="right">1.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a> </td> <td align="right">77.717 </td> <td align="right">4.2% </td> <td align="right">1.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">9 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a> </td> <td align="right">71.584 </td> <td align="right">9.2% </td> <td align="right">1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">10 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2" title="澳洲">澳洲</a> </td> <td align="right">59.529 </td> <td align="right">4.0% </td> <td align="right">1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">11 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a> </td> <td align="right">54.034 </td> <td align="right">11.2% </td> <td align="right">1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">12 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a> </td> <td align="right">49.286 </td> <td align="right">3.3% </td> <td align="right">1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">13 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國">法國</a> </td> <td align="right">47.198 </td> <td align="right">1.7% </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">14 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/33px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/44px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B" title="泰國">泰國</a> </td> <td align="right">45.971 </td> <td align="right">13.3% </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">15 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a> </td> <td align="right">45.037 </td> <td align="right">3.9% </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">16 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a> </td> <td align="right">44.764 </td> <td align="right">10.0% </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">17 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a> </td> <td align="right">44.008 </td> <td align="right">20.9% </td> <td align="right">1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">18 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a> </td> <td align="right">41.776 </td> <td align="right">1.9% </td> <td align="right">1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">19 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a> </td> <td align="right">33.944 </td> <td align="right">14.4% </td> <td align="right">0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">20 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a> </td> <td align="right">33.442 </td> <td align="right">12.0% </td> <td align="right">0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">- </td> <td style="text-align:left;">其他國家 </td> <td align="right">1,933.377 </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right">45.5% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="農作物嘅流通">農作物嘅流通</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=17" title="編輯小節: 農作物嘅流通">編輯</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="食品安全、標籤同規管">食品安全、標籤同規管</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=18" title="編輯小節: 食品安全、標籤同規管">編輯</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="食品安全">食品安全</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E6%A8%99%E7%B1%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食品標籤 (無呢版)">食品標籤</a>嘅問題係關乎食品安全性嘅問題。喺國際層面，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物多樣性公約 (無呢版)">卡塔赫納生物安全議定書</a>規管咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轉基因作物 (無呢版)">轉基因作物</a>嘅貿易。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐盟">歐盟</a>規定用轉基因作物整嘅食品一定要標明，但係美國就冇呢個要求。因為對轉基因作物嘅安全性仲有疑問，有啲人認為一定要喺食品上面標明有冇用轉基因作物，等普通市民可以自己揀<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E7%B3%A7%E9%A3%9F%E5%8F%8A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="聯合國糧食及農業組織">聯合國糧食及農業組織</a> (FAO) 以「消除饑餓」為目標，提供一個平台畀成員國平等咁傾<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%A7%E9%A3%9F%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="糧食政策 (無呢版)">糧食政策</a>同農業規管，達成共識。FAO嘅畜牧生產同衛生部部長 Samuel Jutzi 話，大型食品公司嘅遊說活動阻礙咗為改善健康同環境而做嘅改革。佢喺 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassion_in_World_Farming" class="extiw" title="en:Compassion in World Farming">世界農業關愛組織</a> (CIWF) 嘅年度會議上講：「真正嘅問題係，受到有強大背景嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%AA%E5%AE%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="說客 (無呢版)">說客</a>影響嘅政治過程解決唔到實際問題。」舉個例，畜牧業界提出咗自我規管嘅建議，想限制每單位面積可以養幾多隻動物，減少對土地嘅長期傷害，但係呢個環保建議最後因為大型<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食品公司 (無呢版)">食品公司</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" title="壓力">壓力</a>而被否決咗<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a>。 <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="食品安全">食品安全</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="加工、流通同市場營銷">加工、流通同市場營銷</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=19" title="編輯小節: 加工、流通同市場營銷">編輯</a>]</div> 喺美國，家庭食品開支入面農業成本嘅比例越嚟越低，而食品加工、流通同市場營銷嘅成本就越嚟越高。呢個唔單止係因為農業生產效率提高咗，仲因為高附加值嘅食品越嚟越多。由1960年到1980年，農業成本喺食品開支入面大概占40%左右，但到咗1990年跌到30%，1998年更加跌到22.2%。食品行業嘅壟斷化都越嚟越嚴重，1995年頭20間食品公司嘅產品已經占咗成個市場一半，比1954年增加咗一倍。喺流通方面都係咁，美國頭6大<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="超市">超市</a>連鎖店喺食品銷售嘅占比由1992年嘅32%升到2000年嘅50%。壟斷化喺某啲方面可能會提高效率，但係對農村可能會有負面影響<a href="#cite_note-Sexton2000-76">[76]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="品種改良同生物科技">品種改良同生物科技</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=20" title="編輯小節: 品種改良同生物科技">編輯</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ueberladewagen_(jha).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Ueberladewagen_%28jha%29.jpg/220px-Ueberladewagen_%28jha%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Ueberladewagen_%28jha%29.jpg/330px-Ueberladewagen_%28jha%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Ueberladewagen_%28jha%29.jpg/440px-Ueberladewagen_%28jha%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1094" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%96%E6%8B%89%E6%A9%9F" title="拖拉機">拖拉機</a>同穀物車</figcaption></figure> 人類由幾千年前文明開始嗰陣已經做緊<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%81%E7%A8%AE%E6%94%B9%E8%89%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="品種改良 (無呢版)">品種改良</a>。人類一直都喺度改變植物嘅遺傳結構，等佢哋有更好嘅特徵。例如，整到果實或者種子變大啲，或者令到佢哋抵得住乾旱，又或者抗蟲。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E6%88%88%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格雷戈爾·孟德爾 (無呢版)">格雷戈爾·孟德爾</a>之後，品種改良技術就有咗好大嘅進步。因為孟德爾喺遺傳特徵方面嘅成就，令人哋對遺傳嘅理解加深咗，品種改良嘅技術就因此而發展。我哋開始揀啲有理想特徵嘅植物，用自花<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%88%E7%B2%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="授粉 (無呢版)">授粉</a>同異花授粉嘅方法，最後仲要搞埋基因改造<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a>。 植物品種改良慢慢令到收成增加，抵抗病害同乾旱嘅能力提高，收割變得容易啲，作物嘅味道同營養價值都提升咗。經過小心嘅揀選同培育，農作物嘅特徵發生咗好大嘅變化。例如喺1920年代到1930年代，紐西蘭通過揀選同培育改良咗牧草同三葉草。到咗1950年代，用<a href="/wiki/X%E5%85%89" title="X光">X光</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" title="紫外線">紫外線</a>嚟增加突變率嘅原始基因工程出現咗，用嚟改良小麥、粟米、大麥等品種<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="綠色革命">綠色革命</a>普及咗傳統嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E4%BA%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="雜交">雜交</a>技術，種植高產量品種令到收成倍增。例如，美國嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%B1%B3" title="粟米">粟米</a>收成量由1900年左右嘅每公頃2.5噸，去到2001年左右已經達到每公頃9.4噸。同樣，小麥嘅全球平均收成量由1900年左右嘅每公頃1噸，去到1990年已經升到每公頃2.5噸。南美洲嘅平均小麥收成量係每公頃2噸，非洲就少過1噸，但係喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>同阿拉伯嘅灌溉地區，收成量可以去到每公頃3.5到4噸。相比之下，技術先進嘅法國可以收到每公頃8噸以上。收成量嘅地區差異主要係因為氣候、品種、耕作技術（肥料、害蟲防治、防止倒伏等）嘅分別<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="基因工程">基因工程</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=21" title="編輯小節: 基因工程">編輯</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="基因工程">基因工程</a></div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基因改造作物 (無呢版)">基因改造作物</a> (GMO) 係用基因工程技術改變咗基因嘅作物（植物）。基因工程擴大咗可以用嚟創造新品種繁殖系嘅基因範圍。1960年代初期，當機械式蕃茄收割機發明出嚟之後，農學家就整咗啲更適合機械收割嘅基因改造蕃茄。最近，基因改造技術俾人用嚟開發各種作物嘅新品種。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="抗除草劑嘅基因改造作物">抗除草劑嘅基因改造作物</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=22" title="編輯小節: 抗除草劑嘅基因改造作物">編輯</a>]</div> 叫做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E9%81%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農達 (無呢版)">農達Ready</a>嘅品種有抗除草劑嘅基因，就算接觸到草甘膦都唔會受影響。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E9%81%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農達 (無呢版)">農達</a>係以草甘膦為主要成分，可以殺死任何雜草嘅非選擇性除草劑嘅商品名。即係話用農達Ready品種嘅話，就算噴草甘膦，作物都唔會受影響，但係可以殺死所有雜草。抗除草劑嘅作物喺全世界都有種植。美國大豆嘅種植面積有92%都係抗除草劑品種（基因改造作物）<a href="#cite_note-USDAAdop-82">[82]</a>。 當抗除草劑作物種得多，自然就會用多啲以草甘膦為主嘅除草劑。有啲地方仲出現咗抗草甘膦嘅雜草，逼到要轉用第二種除草劑<a href="#cite_note-Farmers_Guide_to_GMOs-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a>。而家有研究緊大範圍使用草甘膦對收成量同作物營養價值嘅影響，仲有對經濟同健康嘅影響<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="抗蟲嘅基因改造作物">抗蟲嘅基因改造作物</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=23" title="編輯小節: 抗蟲嘅基因改造作物">編輯</a>]</div> 都有人開發抗蟲嘅基因改造作物，將一種可以產生對昆蟲有毒嘅土壤細菌<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E9%9B%B2%E9%87%91%E8%8A%BD%E8%83%9E%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇雲金芽胞桿菌 (無呢版)">蘇雲金芽胞桿菌</a>嘅基因植入作物度。呢啲作物就唔會俾昆蟲蠶食。例如，有種叫Starlink嘅粟米。棉花都有類似嘅品種，而家美國有63%嘅棉花都係呢啲品種<a href="#cite_note-USDAAdop-82">[82]</a>。 有啲人話唔使做基因改造，用傳統嘅品種改良方法，特別係同野生品種雜交或者異花授粉，都可以整到抗蟲嘅品種。野生品種有時都可以成為各種抗性嘅來源。有人就用野生品種雜交整到可以抵抗19種病害嘅蕃茄栽培品種<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="基因改造作物嘅成本同好處">基因改造作物嘅成本同好處</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=24" title="編輯小節: 基因改造作物嘅成本同好處">編輯</a>]</div> 基因工程師可能遲早會整到唔使理會<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="灌溉">灌溉</a>、排水或者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保育 (無呢版)">保育</a>都可以種植嘅作物。呢啲作物喺嗰啲要靠大規模灌溉嘅貧瘠地區會好重要。不過，基因改造都有好多批評。基因改造作物喺食品安全同環境兩方面都引起咗爭議。例如，將作物嘅下一代種子整到唔可以發芽嘅「終結者種子」就俾環境學家同經濟學家質疑<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a>。終結者種子喺國際間受到強烈反對，而家都未喺實際作物中應用<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a>。 另一個問題就係點樣保護用基因改造技術開發嘅新品種嘅專利。開發公司擁有呢啲品種嘅知識產權，仲有權為用呢啲品種種植嘅作物設定條件。而家全球有十間種子公司控制咗三分之二嘅種子銷售<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a>。環保人士<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8C%83%E9%81%94%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%B8%AD%E5%A8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="范達娜·席娃 (無呢版)">范達娜·席娃</a>話呢啲公司申請生命專利係為咗賺錢，仲話佢哋犯咗生物剽竊罪（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioprospecting" class="extiw" title="en:Bioprospecting">生物勘探</a>）<a href="#cite_note-Shiva,_Vandana_1997-91">[91]</a>。用緊受專利保護嘅種子嘅農民，就算可以喺收成嗰陣攞到下一年嘅種子，都要每年買過新種子。以前農民慣常喺收成嗰陣攞種子留返嚟第二年用，而家為咗唔俾人告佢哋侵犯專利，就要改變呢個習慣<a href="#cite_note-Farmers_Guide_to_GMOs-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shiva,_Vandana_1997-91">[91]</a>。 啲適應有限地區嘅品種（本土品種）而家俾改良品種同基因改造作物威脅到，有滅絕嘅危機。呢啲品種好重要，因為佢哋經過好長時間適應咗當地嘅氣候、土壤同其他環境條件、田地設計，仲有當地人嘅喜好<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a>。引入基因改造作物或者雜交品種可能會同本土品種雜交，產生危險。即係話基因改造作物可能會威脅到本土品種嘅可持續性同當地文化。如果本土品種因為雜交而獲得咗基因改造作物嘅特徵，嗰啲品種就可能要受到擁有專利嘅公司設定嘅條件約束<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="農業可持續性">農業可持續性</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=25" title="編輯小節: 農業可持續性">編輯</a>]</div> 農業唔單只包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%95%E7%94%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="耕田">耕田</a>，仲有好多嘢例如將大片地變成啱種嘢嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="農地">農地</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%8B%E5%A2%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="開墾 (無呢版)">開墾</a>）同埋開水路嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="灌溉">灌溉</a>等唔同嘅專業技術。農業嘅基本，仲係喺<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="農地">農地</a>上種植<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9" title="農作物">農作物</a>同埋喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0" title="牧草地">牧草地</a>度搞<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="畜牧">畜牧</a>。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托馬斯·羅伯特·馬爾薩斯 (無呢版)">托馬斯·羅伯特·馬爾薩斯</a>曾經預咗，地球係養唔起越嚟越多嘅人口，但係<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="綠色革命">綠色革命</a>咁嘅科技令應付糧食需求增加變得可能<a href="#cite_note-BumperCrop-94">[94]</a>。 由二十世紀尾開始，因為擔心傳統農業，大家對<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="可持續農業">可持續農業</a>嘅關注大大提高。雖然通過<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%81%E7%A8%AE%E6%94%B9%E8%89%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="品種改良 (無呢版)">品種改良</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E8%97%A5" title="農藥">農藥</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%82%A5%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化學肥料 (無呢版)">化學肥料</a>等技術創新令到收成量急劇增加，但係環境同人體健康出現咗負面影響（例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="環境污染">環境污染</a>）<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a>。喺畜牧業方面，通過<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%81%E7%A8%AE%E6%94%B9%E8%89%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="品種改良 (無呢版)">品種改良</a>同埋「集約型」嘅養豬、養雞，肉類嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%A2%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="產量 (無呢版)">產量</a>顯著增加，但係亦引起咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="動物虐待 (無呢版)">動物虐待</a>嘅問題，仲有使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="抗生素">抗生素</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E9%95%B7%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生長激素 (無呢版)">生長激素</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="化學物質">化學物質</a>對<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94" title="人體">人體</a>嘅健康影響引發擔心<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a>。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%97%A5%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物藥品 (無呢版)">生物藥品</a>、（歐美國家）藥劑（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E8%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生藥 (無呢版)">生藥</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A1%91%E8%86%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物塑膠 (無呢版)">生物塑膠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="生物燃料">生物燃料</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[註 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a>，越嚟越多地用作呢啲原料<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a>。不過，世界上仲有好多地方面對糧食短缺，唔少人餓死咗。將植物用嚟做燃料燒，會搞到全球糧食供應減少，甚至推高基本農產品嘅價格，從而影響低收入、冇嘢食嘅人，進一步威脅佢哋嘅生存<a href="#cite_note-MenschvorMaschine-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Plantesprisées-101">[100]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="對環境嘅影響">對環境嘅影響</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=26" title="編輯小節: 對環境嘅影響">編輯</a>]</div> 農業因為用農藥、養分流失、過度用水等問題，會對社會造成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外部性 (無呢版)">外部成本</a>（公害）。2000年發表嘅研究顯示，英國喺1996年嘅總<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外部性 (無呢版)">外部成本</a>估計有23億4300萬英鎊，平均每公頃208英鎊<a href="#cite_note-Pretty2000-102">[101]</a>。美國喺2005年嘅耕作相關外部成本估計大約係50億到160億美元（每公頃30到96美元），畜牧業嘅外部成本估計有7億1400萬美元<a href="#cite_note-Tegtmeier2005-103">[102]</a>。兩個研究都話要內部化呢啲外部成本，但冇分析補貼嘅影響，只係提到補貼都會影響農業對社會嘅成本。兩個研究都只係講純經濟影響。2000年嘅研究包括咗農藥污染嘅報告，但冇考慮經常用農藥嘅影響，而2004年嘅研究就用咗1992年嘅農藥影響估計。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E6%B4%9B%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="諾曼·博洛格 (無呢版)">諾曼·博洛格</a>係開發革命性農業技術，救咗幾十億人命嘅重要人物。佢開發嘅品種令到發展中國家嘅穀物產量大幅增加，被稱為「綠色革命之父」。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="畜牧業嘅問題">畜牧業嘅問題</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=27" title="編輯小節: 畜牧業嘅問題">編輯</a>]</div> 聯合國職員同埋呢個問題相關聯合國報告嘅共同作者亨寧·施泰因費爾德話：「畜牧業係今日環境問題最主要嘅原因之一。」<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a>。畜牧業佔咗農業用地總面積嘅70%，用咗地球總面積嘅30%。佢仲係溫室氣體最大嘅來源，換算成二氧化碳，全部溫室氣體排放量嘅18%都係畜牧業產生嘅。相比之下，交通運輸業嘅二氧化碳排放量只佔總量嘅13.5%。人類活動排放嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞氧化氮 (無呢版)">亞氧化氮</a>有65%係畜牧業產生（溫室效應係二氧化碳嘅296倍），<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="甲烷">甲烷</a>有37%係畜牧業產生（溫室效應係二氧化碳嘅23倍）。另外，氨氣嘅64%都係畜牧業產生，呢啲氨氣係<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨">酸雨</a>同生態系統酸化嘅原因。畜牧業仲係森林砍伐嘅主要原因，亞馬遜開墾咗嘅土地有70%變成咗牧場（其餘係耕地）<a href="#cite_note-LEAD-105">[104]</a>。通過森林砍伐同開墾，可以話畜牧業令到生物多樣性減少。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="開墾同荒廢">開墾同荒廢</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=28" title="編輯小節: 開墾同荒廢">編輯</a>]</div> 將土地開墾來搞農業同畜牧業係對地球生態系統影響最大嘅人類活動，亦係令到生物多樣性減少嘅最大動力。人類到而家開墾咗嘅土地估計有39%到50%唔等<a href="#cite_note-Vitousek-106">[105]</a>。土地荒廢 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_degradation" class="extiw" title="en:Land degradation">en</a>) 意味住生態系統功能同生產力長期下降，估計全世界有24%嘅土地（大部分係農地）發生緊呢種情況<a href="#cite_note-FAO_GLADA-107">[106]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E7%B3%A7%E9%A3%9F%E5%8F%8A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="聯合國糧食及農業組織">聯合國糧食及農業組織</a> (FAO) 話土地荒廢嘅主要原因係土地管理出咗問題，報告話有15億人靠住呢啲荒廢咗嘅土地生存。呢度講嘅荒廢包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="森林破壞 (無呢版)">森林破壞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0%E5%8C%96" title="沙漠化">沙漠化</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9D%95" title="侵蝕">侵蝕</a>、礦物質耗盡、土壤酸化同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B9%BD%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鹽害 (無呢版)">鹽害</a>等<a href="#cite_note-CS-10">[10]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="富營養化">富營養化</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=29" title="編輯小節: 富營養化">編輯</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="富營養化">富營養化</a>係指水中生態系統有太多營養，令到藻類大量生長，水中氧氣濃度下降。咁樣魚類就冇得生存，生物多樣性就會減少，呢啲水都冇得飲同用嚟做工業用途。喺耕地放太多肥料或者畜牧業餵太多飼料會令到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷</a>呢啲營養物質<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E6%B5%81%E5%A4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="表面流失 (無呢版)">表面流失</a>或者滲漏。呢啲營養物質係水中生態系統富營養化嘅主要<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非特定污染源 (無呢版)">非特定污染源</a><a href="#cite_note-Eutr-108">[107]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="農藥">農藥</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=30" title="編輯小節: 農藥">編輯</a>]</div> 全世界用農藥嘅數量由1950年開始，每年都增加250萬噸，但係農作物受害蟲破壞嘅情況就差唔多冇變<a href="#cite_note-Pimentel_pesticide-109">[108]</a>。1992年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="世界衛生組織">世界衛生組織</a> (WHO) 估計每年有300萬人因為農藥中毒，大約22萬人因此死亡<a href="#cite_note-WHO-110">[109]</a>。繼續用農藥會令到啲抗藥性嘅害蟲生存落嚟，咁就要用更強嘅農藥，形成一個惡性循環<a href="#cite_note-CS_Pest-111">[110]</a>。 有啲人話用農藥嘅密集式農業可以喺防止飢荒同保護環境之間取得平衡，例如Center for Global Food Issues嘅網站開頭就引用咗「每英畝嘅收成越多，就可以保留更多土地嘅自然狀態」呢個觀點<a href="#cite_note-DAvery-112">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a>。但係批評者就話環境同食物需求之間唔一定要有取捨<a href="#cite_note-WH-114">[113]</a>，佢哋主張減少用農藥，改用輪作等好嘅農業管理習慣<a href="#cite_note-CS_Pest-111">[110]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="氣候變化">氣候變化</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=31" title="編輯小節: 氣候變化">編輯</a>]</div> 農業受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氣溫">氣溫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E9%9B%A8%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="降雨量">降雨量</a>同降雨時間、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">CO2</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89" class="mw-disambig" title="陽光">陽光</a>等因素變化，或者呢啲因素組合造成嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" title="氣候變化">氣候變化</a>影響<a href="#cite_note-CS-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a>。農業有助防止<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9A%96%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="全球暖化">全球暖化</a>，但同時都可能令情況惡化。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="大氣">大氣</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">CO2</a>增加嘅原因之一係<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E5%9C%9F" title="泥土">泥土</a>中有機物<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E7%88%9B" title="腐爛">腐爛</a>，而大氣中大部分<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="甲烷">甲烷</a>都係由水<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0" title="田">田</a>等濕泥土中有機物分解產生<a href="#cite_note-Soils_OM-116">[115]</a>。喺濕嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="厭氧呼吸 (無呢版)">厭氧</a>泥土中，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%AB%E6%B0%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脫氮 (無呢版)">脫氮</a>會令到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AE" title="一氧化氮">一氧化氮</a>嘅形式釋放到大氣中，呢種氣體都係<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%AE%A4%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" title="溫室氣體">溫室氣體</a>嘅一種<a href="#cite_note-Soils_N-117">[116]</a>。如果好好管理泥土，就可以減少呢啲溫室氣體嘅排放，仲可以喺泥土中<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BA%E7%A2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="固碳 (無呢版)">儲存</a>大氣中嘅CO2<a href="#cite_note-Soils_OM-116">[115]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="農業生物">農業生物</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=32" title="編輯小節: 農業生物">編輯</a>]</div> 講到農業生物，地球上有幾種。 蟻同白蟻都有啲品種會搞<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%95%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耕作 (無呢版)">耕作</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a>。 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9F%BB" title="蟻">蟻</a>嘅一種<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E8%91%89%E8%9F%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切葉蟻 (無呢版)">切葉蟻</a>會種植叫做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9F%BB%E8%8F%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蟻菇 (無呢版)">蟻菇</a>嘅真菌嚟食。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E9%A1%9E" title="魚類">魚類</a>嘅黑尾雀鯛會種植一種叫做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%B2%E8%8F%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="絲菜 (無呢版)">絲菜</a>嘅藻類嚟食。佢哋會將其他種類嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E8%97%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海藻 (無呢版)">海藻</a>扯走，掟到自己地盤以外嘅地方。咁樣，佢哋就會趕走想食佢哋種植嘅藻類嘅海膽同其他魚。</li> <li>魚類<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E9%BC%BB%E9%9B%80%E9%AF%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="長鼻雀鯛 (無呢版)">長鼻雀鯛</a>會喺比黑尾雀鯛大約20倍嘅地盤度種植唔同種類嘅藻類嚟食。</li> <li>一種叫做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%83%E8%89%B2%E7%B6%B2%E7%8B%80%E7%B2%98%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黃色網狀粘菌 (無呢版)">黃色網狀粘菌</a>嘅粘菌，當佢哋嘅食物（細菌）變少，要搬屋嗰陣，有啲株會將細菌帶埋一齊搬，到咗新地方就將細菌撒出嚟，等細菌喺新地方繁殖，咁就唔使擔心冇嘢食。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋">睇埋</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=33" title="編輯小節: 睇埋">編輯</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" title="漁業">漁業</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註">註</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=34" title="編輯小節: 註">編輯</a>]</div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a> 生物燃料包括由<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="生物質">生物質</a>製成嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="甲烷">甲烷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="生物柴油">生物柴油</a>等燃料。 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="疏仕">疏仕</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&section=35" title="編輯小節: 疏仕">編輯</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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.hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0.14em 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.5em)}.mw-parser-output .fan1gaak3+.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.1em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{position:absolute;align-self:baseline;margin-left:-1em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after{padding-top:1em;content:"﹋"}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after{content:"︳";transform-origin:bottom left;transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.35em)}.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/28/science/farming-had-an-earlier-start-a-study-says.html?_r=0">"Farming Had an Earlier Start, a Study Says"</a>. 《紐約時報》. 2015-07-27. 喺2015-07-27搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1&rft.atitle=Farming+Had+an+Earlier+Start%2C+a+Study+Says&rft.date=2015-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F07%2F28%2Fscience%2Ffarming-had-an-earlier-start-a-study-says.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150722144709.htm">"First evidence of farming in Mideast 23,000 years ago"</a>. 《科學日報》. 2015-07-22. 喺2015-07-22搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft.atitle=First+evidence+of+farming+in+Mideast+23%2C000+years+ago&rft.date=2015-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2015%2F07%2F150722144709.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minpaku.ac.jp/sites/default/files/research/activity/publication/periodical/tsushin/pdf/tsushin147-04.pdf">池谷和信「人類にとって定住化とは何か―2014年国際人類学民族学科学連合中間会議の成果から」</a> 國立民族學博物館，2020年6月29日閱覽。 </li> <li id="cite_note-takahashi-4">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-takahashi_4-0">4.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-takahashi_4-1">4.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-takahashi_4-2">4.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-takahashi_4-3">4.3</a> 高橋英一, 「<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.22.671">肥料の歴史 : 人間活動とのかかわり合い</a>」『化學與生物』 1984年 22卷 9號 p.671-673, <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E7%89%A9%E4%BB%B6%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E8%99%9F" title="數碼物件識別號">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1271%2Fkagakutoseibutsu1962.22.671">10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.22.671</a>，2020年6月29日閱覽。 </li> <li id="cite_note-naro-5">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-naro_5-0">5.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-naro_5-1">5.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000649855.pdf">産業別生産物分類策定参考資料</a> 總務省，2020年6月29日閱覽。 </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maff.go.jp/j/council/hyoka/seisan/02/pdf/14_2_1.pdf">耕種と畜産の連携強化による農業生産の総合的な振興</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E5%92%97%E6%95%88%E5%98%85%E9%8F%88" title="Wikipedia:失咗效嘅鏈">失咗效嘅鏈</a>] 農林水產省，2020年6月29日閱覽。 </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pref.wakayama.lg.jp/prefg/020300/sangyo/h23/syosai/html/stop_d/fil/s2_2_05.pdf">5 定義と範囲</a> 和歌山縣，2020年6月29日閱覽。 </li> <li id="cite_note-FAO_FS-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FAO_FS_8-0">↑</a> U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/farmingsystems/description_en.htm">"Analysis of farming systems"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130806063804/http://www.fao.org/farmingsystems/description_en.htm">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2013年8月6號，.. Retrieved December 7, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-PCP_APS-9">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-PCP_APS_9-0">9.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCP_APS_9-1">9.1</a> Acquaah, G. 2002. Agricultural Production Systems. pp. 283-317 in "Principles of Crop Production, Theories, Techniques and Technology". Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. </li> <li id="cite_note-CS-10">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-CS_10-0">10.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CS_10-1">10.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CS_10-2">10.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CS_10-3">10.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CS_10-4">10.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CS_10-5">10.5</a> Chrispeels, M.J.; Sadava, D.E. 1994. "Farming Systems: Development, Productivity, and Sustainability". pp. 25-57 in Plants, Genes, and Agriculture. Jones and Bartlett, Boston, MA. </li> <li id="cite_note-USDA_sust-11"><a href="#cite_ref-USDA_sust_11-0">↑</a> Gold, M.V. 1999. USDA National Agriculture Library. Beltsville, MD. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/terms/srb9902.shtml">"Sustainable Agriculture: Definitions and Terms"</a>. Retrieved December 7, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-ATTRA-12"><a href="#cite_ref-ATTRA_12-0">↑</a> Earles, R.; Williams, P. 2005. ATTRA National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service. Fayetville, AR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/sustagintro.html">"Sustainable Agriculture:An Introduction"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526063958/http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/sustagintro.html">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2011年5月26號，.. Retrieved December 7, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-FAO-13">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FAO_13-0">13.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAO_13-1">13.1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faostat.fao.org/">"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT)"</a>. 喺2007-10-11搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations+%28FAOSTAT%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaostat.fao.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soil-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Soil_14-0">↑</a> Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2002. Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. </li> <li id="cite_note-PCP_Tillage-15"><a href="#cite_ref-PCP_Tillage_15-0">↑</a> Acquaah, G. 2002. "Land Preparation and Farm Energy" pp.318-338 in Principles of Crop Production, Theories, Techniques and Technology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFMayer2015" class="citation book cs1">Mayer, Joachim (2015-02-07). Gemüse biologisch anbauen: Selbst gezogen, frisch geerntet. Gräfe und Unzer Verlag GmbH. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-3-83383-803-3" title="Special:書本來源/978-3-83383-803-3"><bdi>978-3-83383-803-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gem%C3%BCse+biologisch+anbauen%3A+Selbst+gezogen%2C+frisch+geerntet&rft.pub=Gr%C3%A4fe+und+Unzer+Verlag+GmbH&rft.date=2015-02-07&rft.isbn=978-3-83383-803-3&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFPoussetBureau2014" class="citation book cs1">Pousset, Joseph; Bureau, Jean-Marc (19 November 2014). Assolements et rotations des cultures. France Agricole. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-2-85557-343-4" title="Special:書本來源/978-2-85557-343-4"><bdi>978-2-85557-343-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Assolements+et+rotations+des+cultures&rft.pub=France+Agricole&rft.date=2014-11-19&rft.isbn=978-2-85557-343-4&rft.aulast=Pousset&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Bureau%2C+Jean-Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCP_Pest-18"><a href="#cite_ref-PCP_Pest_18-0">↑</a> Acquaah, G. 2002. "Pesticide Use in U.S. Crop Production" pp.240-282 in Principles of Crop Production, Theories, Techniques and Technology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. </li> <li id="cite_note-PCP_Soil-19"><a href="#cite_ref-PCP_Soil_19-0">↑</a> Acquaah, G. 2002. "Soil and Land" pp.165-210 in Principles of Crop Production, Theories, Techniques and Technology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. </li> <li id="cite_note-CS_nutrient-20"><a href="#cite_ref-CS_nutrient_20-0">↑</a> Chrispeels, M.J.; Sadava, D.E. 1994. "Nutrition from the Soil" pp.187-218 in Plants, Genes, and Agriculture. Jones and Bartlett, Boston, MA. </li> <li id="cite_note-Soil_nutrient-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Soil_nutrient_21-0">↑</a> Brady, N.C.; Weil, R.R. 2002. "Practical Nutrient Management" pp.472-515 in Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. </li> <li id="cite_note-PCP_Water-22"><a href="#cite_ref-PCP_Water_22-0">↑</a> Acquaah, G. 2002. "Plants and Soil Water" pp.211-239 in Principles of Crop Production, Theories, Techniques and Technology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pimentel_water-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Pimentel_water_23-0">↑</a> Pimentel, D.; Berger, D.; Filberto, D.; Newton, M.; et al. 2004. "Water Resources: Agricultural and Environmental Issues". Bioscience 54:909-918. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/world-oil-supplies-are-set-to-run-out-faster-than-expected-warn-scientists-453068.html">World oil supplies are set to run out faster than expected, warn scientists</a>". The Independent. June 14, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6496585.stm">The limits of a Green Revolution?</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> Rebecca White (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/research/energy/downloads/eceee07/white.pdf">"Carbon governance from a systems perspective: an investigation of food production and consumption in the UK,"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719044949/http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/research/energy/downloads/eceee07/white.pdf">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2011年7月19號，. Oxford University Center for the Environment </li> <li id="cite_note-css.snre.umich.edu-27">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-css.snre.umich.edu_27-0">27.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-css.snre.umich.edu_27-1">27.1</a> Martin Heller and Gregory Keoleian (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://css.snre.umich.edu/css_doc/CSS00-04.pdf">"Life Cycle-Based Sustainability Indicators for Assessment of the U.S. Food System,"</a> University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Food Systems. </li> <li id="cite_note-ers.usda.gov-28">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ers.usda.gov_28-0">28.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ers.usda.gov_28-1">28.1</a> Patrick Canning, Ainsley Charles, Sonya Huang, Karen R. Polenske, and Arnold Waters (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/ERR94/">"Energy Use in the U.S. Food System,"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918182458/http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err94/">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2010年9月18號，. USDA Economic Research Service Report No. ERR-94. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> Christine Wallgren & Mattias Hojer (2009). "Eating energy—Identifying possibilities for reduced energy use in the future." Energy Policy 37: 5803-5813. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.08.046">doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.08.046</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncseonline.org-30">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ncseonline.org_30-0">30.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncseonline.org_30-1">30.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncseonline.org_30-2">30.2</a> Randy Schnepf (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ncseonline.org/NLE/CRSreports/04nov/RL32677.pdf">"Energy use in Agriculture: Background and Issues,"</a> CRS Report for Congress. </li> <li id="cite_note-Realities_of_organic_farming-31">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Realities_of_organic_farming_31-0">31.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Realities_of_organic_farming_31-1">31.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biotech-info.net/Alex_Avery.html">Realities of organic farming</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-extension.agron.iastate.edu-32">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-extension.agron.iastate.edu_32-0">32.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-extension.agron.iastate.edu_32-1">32.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/organicag/researchreports/nk01ltar.pdf">Comparison of Organic and Conventional Corn, Soybean, Alfalfa, Oats, and Rye Crops at the Neely-Kinyon LTAR</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-berkeley1-33">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-berkeley1_33-0">33.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkeley1_33-1">33.1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060127013201/http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/~christos/articles/cv_organic_farming.html">"Organic Farming can Feed The World!"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/~christos/articles/cv_organic_farming.html">原著</a>喺2006年1月27號歸檔. 喺2024年9月10號搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Organic+Farming+can+Feed+The+World%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnr.berkeley.edu%2F~christos%2Farticles%2Fcv_organic_farming.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-terradaily1-34">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-terradaily1_34-0">34.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-terradaily1_34-1">34.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terradaily.com/news/farm-05c.html">Organic Farms Use Less Energy And Water</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> Smith, Kate; Edwards, Rob (March 8, 2008).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundayherald.com/news/heraldnews/display.var.2104849.0.2008_the_year_of_global_food_crisis.php">"2008: The year of global food crisis"</a>, The Herald (Glasgow). </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0118/p08s01-comv.html">"The global grain bubble"</a>, The Christian Science Monitor (Boston), January 18, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/7284196.stm">"The cost of food: Facts and figures"</a>, BBC News Online (London), October 16, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> Walt, Vivienne (February 27, 2008).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1717572,00.html">"The World's Growing Food-Price Crisis"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111129211855/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1717572,00.html">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2011年11月29號，., Time (New York). </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian.co.uk-39">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_39-0">39.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_39-1">39.1</a> Watts, Jonathan (December 4, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/dec/04/china.business">"Riots and hunger feared as demand for grain sends food costs soaring"</a>, The Guardian (London). </li> <li id="cite_note-timesonline.co.uk-40">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-timesonline.co.uk_40-0">40.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesonline.co.uk_40-1">40.1</a> Mortished, Carl (March 7, 2008).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3500975.ece">"Already we have riots, hoarding, panic: the sign of things to come?"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110814134028/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3500975.ece">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2011年8月14號，., The Times (London). </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-41">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_41-0">41.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_41-1">41.1</a> Borger, Julian (February 26, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/feb/26/food.unitednations">"Feed the world? We are fighting a losing battle, UN admits"</a>, The Guardian (London). </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080630204707/http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/statistics/indicators/ind_reserves.asp">"Raw Material Reserves"</a>. International Fertilizer Industry Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/statistics/indicators/ind_reserves.asp">原著</a>喺2008-06-30歸檔. 喺2015-11-11搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Raw+Material+Reserves&rft.pub=International+Fertilizer+Industry+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fertilizer.org%2Fifa%2Fstatistics%2Findicators%2Find_reserves.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> Integrated Crop Management-<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E8%8D%B7%E8%8F%AF%E5%B7%9E%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛荷華州立大學 (無呢版)">Iowa State University</a> January 29, 2001 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/2001/1-29-2001/natgasfert.html">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126035318/http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-57/iss-12/p39.html">"The Hydrogen Economy"</a>, Physics Today, December 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> Strochlic, R.; Sierra, L. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cirsinc.org/Documents/Pub0207.1.PDF">Conventional, Mixed, and "Deregistered" Organic Farmers: Entry Barriers and Reasons for Exiting Organic Production in California</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509163805/http://www.cirsinc.org/Documents/Pub0207.1.PDF">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2008年5月9號，.. California Institute for Rural Studies. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Read2007" class="citation web cs1">Peter Read (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050511152534/http://www.rsnz.org/topics/energy/ccmgmt.php#2">"Carbon cycle management with increased photo-synthesis and long-term sinks"</a>. Royal Society of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsnz.org/topics/energy/ccmgmt.php#2">原著</a>喺2005-05-11歸檔. 喺2015-11-11搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carbon+cycle+management+with+increased+photo-synthesis+and+long-term+sinks&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Peter+Read&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsnz.org%2Ftopics%2Fenergy%2Fccmgmt.php%232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> Greene, Nathanael (December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bio.org/ind/GrowingEnergy.pdf">How biofuels can help end America's energy dependence</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101205034108/http://www.bio.org/ind/GrowingEnergy.pdf">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2010年12月5號，.. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFSrinivas2008" class="citation journal cs1">Srinivas; 等 (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ejeafche.uvigo.es/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=363">"Reviewing The Methodologies For Sustainable Living"</a>. 7. The Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry: 2993–3014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reviewing+The+Methodologies+For+Sustainable+Living&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=2993-3014&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Srinivas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fejeafche.uvigo.es%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_docman%26task%3Ddoc_download%26gid%3D363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>); Explicit use of et al. in: <code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#explicit_et_al" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>); Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFConway,_G.2000" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Conway, G. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol4/iss1/art2/#GeneticModificationAndTheSustainabilityOfTheFoodSystem">"Genetically modified crops: risks and promise"</a>. 4(1): 2. Conservation Ecology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Genetically+modified+crops%3A+risks+and+promise&rft.volume=4%281%29%3A+2&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Conway%2C+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecologyandsociety.org%2Fvol4%2Fiss1%2Fart2%2F%23GeneticModificationAndTheSustainabilityOfTheFoodSystem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFPillarisetti,_R.;_Radel,_Kylie2004" class="citation journal cs1">Pillarisetti, R.; Radel, Kylie (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23000784?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">"Economic and Environmental Issues in International Trade and Production of Genetically Modified Foods and Crops and the WTO"</a>. 19 (2). Journal of Economic Integration: 332–352.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Economic+and+Environmental+Issues+in+International+Trade+and+Production+of+Genetically+Modified+Foods+and+Crops+and+the+WTO&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=332-352&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Pillarisetti%2C+R.%3B+Radel%2C+Kylie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23000784%3Fseq%3D1%23page_scan_tab_contents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>); Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E5%90%8D%E5%96%AE" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFLopez_Villar,_Juan;_Freese,_Bill2008" class="citation web cs1">Lopez Villar, Juan; Freese, Bill (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foeeurope.org/GMOs/Who_Benefits/Ex_Summary_Feb08.pdf">"Who Benefits from GM Crops?"</a> (PDF). Friends of the Earth International. 喺2010-12-22搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+Benefits+from+GM+Crops%3F&rft.pub=Friends+of+the+Earth+International&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Lopez+Villar%2C+Juan%3B+Freese%2C+Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foeeurope.org%2FGMOs%2FWho_Benefits%2FEx_Summary_Feb08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E5%90%8D%E5%96%AE" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18124330.700-monsanto-failure.html">"Monsanto failure"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新科學人 (無呢版)">《New Scientist》</a>.第181卷第2433號. London. February 7, 2004. 喺2008-04-18搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Monsanto+failure&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=2433&rft.date=2004-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg18124330.700-monsanto-failure.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFKuyek,_Devlin2002" class="citation web cs1">Kuyek, Devlin (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grain.org/briefings_files/africa-gmo-2002-en.pdf">"Genetically Modified Crops in Africa: Implications for Small Farmers"</a> (PDF). Genetic Resources Action International (GRAIN). 喺2010-12-22搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Genetically+Modified+Crops+in+Africa%3A+Implications+for+Small+Farmers&rft.pub=Genetic+Resources+Action+International+%28GRAIN%29&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Kuyek%2C+Devlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grain.org%2Fbriefings_files%2Fafrica-gmo-2002-en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFCooke,_Jeremy2008" class="citation news cs1">Cooke, Jeremy (May 30, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7428789.stm">"Genetically Modified Crops in Africa: Implications for Small Farmers"</a>. BBC News Online. London. 喺2008-06-06搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Online&rft.atitle=Genetically+Modified+Crops+in+Africa%3A+Implications+for+Small+Farmers&rft.date=2008-05-30&rft.au=Cooke%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F7428789.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tokei-55">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-tokei_55-0">55.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tokei_55-1">55.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tokei_55-2">55.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tokei_55-3">55.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tokei_55-4">55.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tokei_55-5">55.5</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maff.go.jp/j/tokei/kouhyou/keizai_keisan/gaiyou/">農業・食料関連産業の経済計算の概要</a> 農林水產省，2020年6月29日閱覽。 </li> <li id="cite_note-report2013-56">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-report2013_56-0">56.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report2013_56-1">56.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report2013_56-2">56.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report2013_56-3">56.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report2013_56-4">56.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report2013_56-5">56.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report2013_56-6">56.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report2013_56-7">56.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report2013_56-8">56.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report2013_56-9">56.09</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nochuri.co.jp/report/pdf/n1311re2.pdf">清水徹朗「農業收入、農戶經濟同農業經營─佢哋嘅趨勢同對農業結構改革嘅啟示─」農林金融2013・11</a> 農林中金綜合研究所，2020年6月29日閲覽。 </li> <li id="cite_note-Umweltverschmutzung-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Umweltverschmutzung_57-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFSchümann2014" class="citation news cs1">Schümann, Helmut (2014年10月14號)。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tagesspiegel.de/weltspiegel/streit-um-dung-kuehe-die-in-windeln-machen/10839028.html">〈啲牛着尿片嘅爭議〉</a>。Der Tagesspiegel。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel&rft.atitle=%E5%95%B2%E7%89%9B%E7%9D%80%E5%B0%BF%E7%89%87%E5%98%85%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0&rft.date=2014-10-14&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%BCmann&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fweltspiegel%2Fstreit-um-dung-kuehe-die-in-windeln-machen%2F10839028.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-un_warning-58"><a href="#cite_ref-un_warning_58-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finfacts.com/irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_1011078.shtml">小麥價格創紀錄上升，聯合國官員警告食品價格飆升可能會喺發展中國家引發社會動盪</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-nnxnwc-59"><a href="#cite_ref-nnxnwc_59-0">↑</a> Trumbull, Mark（2007年7月24日）。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0724/p01s01-wogi.html">「食品價格上升限制咗對全球窮人嘅援助」</a>，《基督教科學箴言報》（波士頓）。 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider1989" class="citation news cs1">Schneider, Keith (1989年9月8日)。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/08/us/science-academy-recommends-resumption-of-natural-farming.html">〈科學學院建議恢復自然耕種〉</a>。《紐約時報》。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1&rft.atitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E5%BB%BA%E8%AD%B0%E6%81%A2%E5%BE%A9%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%80%95%E7%A8%AE&rft.date=1989-09-08&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F09%2F08%2Fus%2Fscience-academy-recommends-resumption-of-natural-farming.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> 歐盟委員會（2003年），<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/capreform/index_en.htm">CAP改革</a>。 </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/06/business/06tyson.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/W/Wheat">〈泰森同卡夫嘅利潤受到穀物成本限制〉</a>。《紐約時報》。彭博社。2007年9月6日。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1&rft.atitle=%E6%B3%B0%E6%A3%AE%E5%90%8C%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%AB%E5%98%85%E5%88%A9%E6%BD%A4%E5%8F%97%E5%88%B0%E7%A9%80%E7%89%A9%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6&rft.date=2007-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F09%2F06%2Fbusiness%2F06tyson.html%3Fn%3DTop%2FReference%2FTimes%2520Topics%2FSubjects%2FW%2FWheat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFMcMullen2008" class="citation news cs1">McMullen, Alia (2008年1月7日)。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.financialpost.com/story.html?id=213343">〈唔使理石油啦，而家新嘅全球危機係食物〉</a>。《金融郵報》。多倫多。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E9%83%B5%E5%A0%B1&rft.atitle=%E5%94%94%E4%BD%BF%E7%90%86%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%95%A6%EF%BC%8C%E8%80%8C%E5%AE%B6%E6%96%B0%E5%98%85%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F%E4%BF%82%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9&rft.date=2008-01-07&rft.aulast=McMullen&rft.aufirst=Alia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialpost.com%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D213343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> McKie, Robin; Rice, Xan（2007年4月22日）。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2007/apr/22/food.foodanddrink">「數百萬人因農作物疾病肆虐面臨飢荒」</a>，《觀察家報》（倫敦）。 </li> <li id="cite_note-NewSci-65"><a href="#cite_ref-NewSci_65-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFMackenzie2007" class="citation journal cs1">Mackenzie, Debora (2007年4月3日)。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070509024241/http://environment.newscientist.com/channel/earth/mg19425983.700-billions-at-risk-from-wheat-superblight.html">〈數十億人面臨小麥超級枯萎病嘅風險〉</a>。《新科學人》。倫敦 (2598): 6–7。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environment.newscientist.com/channel/earth/mg19425983.700-billions-at-risk-from-wheat-superblight.html">原著</a>喺2007-05-09歸檔。喺2007-04-19搵到。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E4%BA%BA&rft.atitle=%E6%95%B8%E5%8D%81%E5%84%84%E4%BA%BA%E9%9D%A2%E8%87%A8%E5%B0%8F%E9%BA%A5%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E6%9E%AF%E8%90%8E%E7%97%85%E5%98%85%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA&rft.issue=2598&rft.pages=6-7&rft.date=2007-04-03&rft.aulast=Mackenzie&rft.aufirst=Debora&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenvironment.newscientist.com%2Fchannel%2Fearth%2Fmg19425983.700-billions-at-risk-from-wheat-superblight.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> Leonard, K.J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=10755">黑桿銹病嘅生物學同對小麥種植者嘅威脅</a>，美國農業部農業研究局 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> Sample, Ian（2007年8月31日）。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/aug/31/climatechange.food">「全球糧食危機迫在眉睫，氣候變化同人口增長令肥沃嘅土地減少」</a>，《衛報》（倫敦）。 </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.mongabay.com/2006/1214-unu.html">「到2025年，非洲可能淨係可以養活25%嘅人口」</a>，《mongabay.com》，2006年12月14日。 </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-69"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_69-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBaxter2003" class="citation news cs1">Baxter, Joan (2003年5月19日)。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3027079.stm">〈棉花補貼令馬里陷入困境〉</a>。《BBC新聞網》。倫敦。喺2010-01-01搵到。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2&rft.atitle=%E6%A3%89%E8%8A%B1%E8%A3%9C%E8%B2%BC%E4%BB%A4%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E9%99%B7%E5%85%A5%E5%9B%B0%E5%A2%83&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F3027079.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-beefsite-70"><a href="#cite_ref-beefsite_70-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425230600/http://www.megaagro.com.uy/scripts/templates/portada.asp?nota=portada%2Ffaena">〈生產夥伴〉</a> (西班牙文)。megaagro.com.uy。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.megaagro.com.uy/scripts/templates/portada.asp?nota=portada/faena">原著</a>喺2012-04-25歸檔。喺2009-02-18搵到。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E5%A4%A5%E4%BC%B4&rft.pub=megaagro.com.uy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.megaagro.com.uy%2Fscripts%2Ftemplates%2Fportada.asp%3Fnota%3Dportada%2Ffaena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kansas-71"><a href="#cite_ref-Kansas_71-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031219222154/http://www.asiakan.org/china/china_ag_intro.shtml">〈中國：養活龐大嘅人口〉</a>。堪薩斯-亞洲（非政府組織）。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiakan.org/china/china_ag_intro.shtml">原著</a>喺2003-12-19歸檔。喺2009年2月18日搵到。｢而家中國平均每個農戶大概耕種1公頃嘅土地｣</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%EF%BC%9A%E9%A4%8A%E6%B4%BB%E9%BE%90%E5%A4%A7%E5%98%85%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft.pub=%E5%A0%AA%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF-%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%EF%BC%88%E9%9D%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%EF%BC%89&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiakan.org%2Fchina%2Fchina_ag_intro.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paraguay-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Paraguay_72-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ventacamposparaguay.com/farmland.htm">〈巴拉圭農地房地產〉</a>。Peer Voss。喺2009-02-18搵到。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD%E8%BE%B2%E5%9C%B0%E6%88%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%94%A2&rft.pub=Peer+Voss&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ventacamposparaguay.com%2Ffarmland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brazil-73"><a href="#cite_ref-Brazil_73-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090227003156/http://agbrazil.com/frontier_land_for_sale.htm">〈巴西邊疆農地〉</a>。AgBrazil。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agbrazil.com/frontier_land_for_sale.htm">原著</a>喺2009-02-27歸檔。喺2009-02-18搵到。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E9%82%8A%E7%96%86%E8%BE%B2%E5%9C%B0&rft.pub=AgBrazil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fagbrazil.com%2Ffrontier_land_for_sale.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> Shiva, Vandana. 《地球民主：正義、可持續發展同和平》, South End Press, 劍橋, 麻省, 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFJowit2010" class="citation news cs1">Jowit, Juliette (2010年9月22日)。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/sep/22/food-firms-lobbying-samuel-jutzi">〈聯合國高級官員警告企業遊說阻礙食品改革：農業峰會透露大型農業企業同食品生產商用拖延戰術，阻撓有利人類健康同環境嘅決定〉</a>。《衛報》。倫敦。喺2010-12-23搵到。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%A1%9B%E5%A0%B1&rft.atitle=%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E9%AB%98%E7%B4%9A%E5%AE%98%E5%93%A1%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E9%81%8A%E8%AA%AA%E9%98%BB%E7%A4%99%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%EF%BC%9A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83%E9%80%8F%E9%9C%B2%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E5%90%8C%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E5%95%86%E7%94%A8%E6%8B%96%E5%BB%B6%E6%88%B0%E8%A1%93%EF%BC%8C%E9%98%BB%E6%92%93%E6%9C%89%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E5%90%8C%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%98%85%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A&rft.date=2010-09-22&rft.aulast=Jowit&rft.aufirst=Juliette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fenvironment%2F2010%2Fsep%2F22%2Ffood-firms-lobbying-samuel-jutzi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988">, 衛報（英國），2010年9月22日 </li> <li id="cite_note-Sexton2000-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Sexton2000_76-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFSexton,R.J.2000" class="citation journal cs1">Sexton,R.J. (2000)。〈美國食品業嘅工業化同整合：對競爭同福利嘅影響〉。《美國農業經濟學期刊》。82 (5): 1087–1104。<a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F0002-9092.00106">10.1111/0002-9092.00106</a>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A&rft.atitle=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E6%A5%AD%E5%98%85%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%8C%96%E5%90%8C%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%B6%E7%88%AD%E5%90%8C%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%A9%E5%98%85%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1087-1104&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F0002-9092.00106&rft.au=Sexton%2CR.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cls.casa.colostate.edu/TransgenicCrops/history.html">History of Plant Breeding</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130121061931/http://cls.casa.colostate.edu/TransgenicCrops/history.html">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2013年1月21號，.. Retrieved December 8, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_journal2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Cite journal2 (無呢版)">Template:Cite journal2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_book2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Cite book2 (無呢版)">Template:Cite book2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFRuttan1999" class="citation journal cs1">Ruttan, Vernon W. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindfully.org/GE/Skeptical-Perspective-VW-Ruttan.htm">"Biotechnology and Agriculture: A Skeptical Perspective"</a> (-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=author%3ARuttan+intitle%3ABiotechnology+and+Agriculture%3A+A+Skeptical+Perspective&as_publication=AgBioForum&as_ylo=1999&as_yhi=1999&btnG=Search">Scholar search</a>). AgBioForum. 2 (1): 54–60. 喺October 11, 2007搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AgBioForum&rft.atitle=Biotechnology+and+Agriculture%3A+A+Skeptical+Perspective&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=54-60&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Ruttan&rft.aufirst=Vernon+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindfully.org%2FGE%2FSkeptical-Perspective-VW-Ruttan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|format=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>); Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFCassman1998" class="citation journal cs1">Cassman, K. (December 5, 1998). "Ecological intensification of cereal production systems: The Challenge of increasing crop yield potential and precision agriculture". Proceedings of a National Academy of Sciences Colloquium, Irvine, California. University of Nebraska.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+a+National+Academy+of+Sciences+Colloquium%2C+Irvine%2C+California&rft.atitle=Ecological+intensification+of+cereal+production+systems%3A+The+Challenge+of+increasing+crop+yield+potential+and+precision+agriculture&rft.date=1998-12-05&rft.aulast=Cassman&rft.aufirst=K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDAAdop-82">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-USDAAdop_82-0">82.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USDAAdop_82-1">82.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/BiotechCrops/adoption.htm">Adoption of Genetically Engineered Crops in the US: Extent of Adoption</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610043433/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data/biotechcrops/adoption.htm">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2012年6月10號，.. Retrieved December 8, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-Farmers_Guide_to_GMOs-83">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Farmers_Guide_to_GMOs_83-0">83.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Farmers_Guide_to_GMOs_83-1">83.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rafiusa.org/pubs/Farmers_Guide_to_GMOs.pdf">Farmers Guide to GMOs</a>. Retrieved December 8, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/feb2008/db20080212_435043.htm">Report Raises Alarm over 'Super-weeds'</a>. Retrieved December 9, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> Ozturk, et al., "Glyphosate inhibition of ferric reductase activity in iron deficient sunflower roots", New Phtologist, 177:899-906, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> Kimbrell, A. Faltal Harvest: The Tragedy of Industrial Agriculture, Island Press, Washington, 2002. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFConway,_G.2000" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Conway, G. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol4/iss1/art2/#GeneticModificationAndTheSustainabilityOfTheFoodSystem">"Genetically modified crops: risks and promise"</a>. 4(1): 2. Conservation Ecology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Genetically+modified+crops%3A+risks+and+promise&rft.volume=4%281%29%3A+2&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Conway%2C+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecologyandsociety.org%2Fvol4%2Fiss1%2Fart2%2F%23GeneticModificationAndTheSustainabilityOfTheFoodSystem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREF._R._Pillarisetti_and_Kylie_Radel2004" class="citation journal cs1">. R. Pillarisetti and Kylie Radel (2004). "Economic and Environmental Issues in International Trade and Production of Genetically Modified Foods and Crops and the WTO". 19 (2). Journal of Economic Integration: 332–352.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Economic+and+Environmental+Issues+in+International+Trade+and+Production+of+Genetically+Modified+Foods+and+Crops+and+the+WTO&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=332-352&rft.date=2004&rft.au=.+R.+Pillarisetti+and+Kylie+Radel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>); Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/twr118a.htm">UN biodiversity meet fails to address key outstanding issues</a>, Third World Network. Retrieved December 9, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etcgroup.org/en/materials/publications.html?pub_id=706">Who Owns Nature?</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327004345/http://www.etcgroup.org/en/materials/publications.html?pub_id=706">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2009年3月27號，.. Retrieved December 9, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shiva,_Vandana_1997-91">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Shiva,_Vandana_1997_91-0">91.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shiva,_Vandana_1997_91-1">91.1</a> Shiva, Vandana. Biopiracy, South End Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a> Nabhan, Gary Paul. Enduring Seeds, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1989. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a> Shiva, Vanadana. Stolen Harvest: The Hijacking of the Global Food Supply South End Press, Cambrdge, MA, 2000, pp. 90-93. </li> <li id="cite_note-BumperCrop-94"><a href="#cite_ref-BumperCrop_94-0">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Cite news2 (無呢版)">Template:Cite news2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/health/human.htm">"Human Health Issues | Pesticides | US EPA"</a>. Epa.gov. 2006-06-28. 喺2009-11-26搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Health+Issues+%26%23124%3B+Pesticides+%26%23124%3B+US+EPA&rft.pub=Epa.gov&rft.date=2006-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fopp00001%2Fhealth%2Fhuman.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090724053931/http://www.organicconsumers.org/toxic/hormone042302.cfm">"EU Scientists Confirm Health Risks of Growth Hormones in Meat"</a>. Organicconsumers.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.organicconsumers.org/toxic/hormone042302.cfm">原著</a>喺2009-07-24歸檔. 喺2009-11-26搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EU+Scientists+Confirm+Health+Risks+of+Growth+Hormones+in+Meat&rft.pub=Organicconsumers.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.organicconsumers.org%2Ftoxic%2Fhormone042302.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBrickates_Kennedy2007" class="citation news cs1">Brickates Kennedy, Val (October 16, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/bioengineers-aim-to-cash-in-on-plants-that-make-green-plastics">"Plastics that are green in more ways than one"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Plastics+that+are+green+in+more+ways+than+one&rft.date=2007-10-16&rft.aulast=Brickates+Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Val&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Fbioengineers-aim-to-cash-in-on-plants-that-make-green-plastics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code>、<code class="cs1-code">|newspaper=</code> specified (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#redundant_parameters" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091225105326/http://www.bio.org/healthcare/pmp/factsheet5.asp">"Growing Plants for Pharmaceutical Production vs. for Food and Feed Crops"</a>. bio.org. Washington DC: Biotechnology Industry Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bio.org/healthcare/pmp/factsheet5.asp">原著</a>喺2009-12-25歸檔. 喺2009-10-02搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bio.org&rft.atitle=Growing+Plants+for+Pharmaceutical+Production+vs.+for+Food+and+Feed+Crops&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bio.org%2Fhealthcare%2Fpmp%2Ffactsheet5.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MenschvorMaschine-100"><a href="#cite_ref-MenschvorMaschine_100-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFKuhr2012" class="citation news cs1">Kuhr, Daniela (2012-08-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wirtschaft/diskussion-um-biokraftstoff-e-mensch-vor-maschine-1.1447917">"Mensch vor Maschine"</a>. Süddeutsche Zeitung.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Mensch+vor+Maschine&rft.date=2012-08-23&rft.aulast=Kuhr&rft.aufirst=Daniela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fwirtschaft%2Fdiskussion-um-biokraftstoff-e-mensch-vor-maschine-1.1447917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plantesprisées-101"><a href="#cite_ref-Plantesprisées_101-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFCherki2014" class="citation news cs1">Cherki, Marc (2014-02-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/sciences/2014/02/21/01008-20140221ARTFIG00285-des-plantes-de-plus-en-plus-prisees-pour-du-bioplastique.php">"Des plantes de plus en plus prisées pour du bioplastique"</a>. Le Figaro.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Des+plantes+de+plus+en+plus+pris%C3%A9es+pour+du+bioplastique&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft.aulast=Cherki&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fsciences%2F2014%2F02%2F21%2F01008-20140221ARTFIG00285-des-plantes-de-plus-en-plus-prisees-pour-du-bioplastique.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pretty2000-102"><a href="#cite_ref-Pretty2000_102-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFPretty2000" class="citation journal cs1">Pretty, J; 等 (2000). "An assessment of the total external costs of UK agriculture". Agricultural Systems. 65 (2): 113–136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0308-521X%2800%2900031-7">10.1016/S0308-521X(00)00031-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Systems&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+the+total+external+costs+of+UK+agriculture&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=113-136&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0308-521X%2800%2900031-7&rft.aulast=Pretty&rft.aufirst=J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Explicit use of et al. in: <code class="cs1-code">|last1=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#explicit_et_al" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Tegtmeier2005-103"><a href="#cite_ref-Tegtmeier2005_103-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFTegtmeierDuffy2005" class="citation journal cs1">Tegtmeier, E.M.; Duffy, M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205134016/http://www.organicvalley.coop/fileadmin/pdf/ag_costs_IJAS2004.pdf">"External Costs of Agricultural Production in the United States"</a> (PDF). The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Agriculture. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.organicvalley.coop/fileadmin/pdf/ag_costs_IJAS2004.pdf">原著</a> (PDF)喺2009年2月5號歸檔. 喺2024年9月10號搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Earthscan+Reader+in+Sustainable+Agriculture&rft.atitle=External+Costs+of+Agricultural+Production+in+the+United+States&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Tegtmeier&rft.aufirst=E.M.&rft.au=Duffy%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.organicvalley.coop%2Ffileadmin%2Fpdf%2Fag_costs_IJAS2004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080328062709/http%3A//www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2006/1000448/index.html">"Livestock a major threat to environment"</a>. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. November 29, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2006/1000448/index.html">原著</a>喺March 28, 2008歸檔. 喺2009-08-07搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Livestock+a+major+threat+to+environment&rft.pub=UN+Food+and+Agriculture+Organization&rft.date=2006-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fnewsroom%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2006%2F1000448%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LEAD-105"><a href="#cite_ref-LEAD_105-0">↑</a> Steinfeld, H.; Gerber, P.; Wassenaar, T.; Castel, V.; Rosales, M.; de Haan, C. 2006. U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0701e/a0701e00.HTM">"Livestock's Long Shadow - Environmental issues and options."</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vitousek-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Vitousek_106-0">↑</a> Vitousek, P.M.; Mooney, H.A.; Lubchenco, J.; Melillo, J.M. 1997. "Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems". Science 277:494-499. </li> <li id="cite_note-FAO_GLADA-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FAO_GLADA_107-0">↑</a> Bai, Z.G., D.L. Dent, L. Olsson, and M.E. Schaepman. 2008. Global assessment of land degradation and improvement 1:identification by remote sensing. Report 2008/01, FAO/ISRIC - Rome/Wageningen. Retrieved on December 5, 2008 from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2008/1000874/index.html">"Land degradation on the rise"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090212133207/http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2008/1000874/index.html">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2009年2月12號，. </li> <li id="cite_note-Eutr-108"><a href="#cite_ref-Eutr_108-0">↑</a> Carpenter, S.R., N.F. Caraco, D.L. Correll, R.W. Howarth, A.N. Sharpley, and V.H. Smith. 1998. "Nonpoint Pollution of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen". Ecological Applications 8:559-568. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pimentel_pesticide-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Pimentel_pesticide_109-0">↑</a> Pimentel, D. T.W. Culliney, and T. Bashore. 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/pimentel.htm">"Public health risks associated with pesticides and natural toxins in foods in Radcliffe's IPM World Textbook"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990218073023/http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/pimentel.htm">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期1999年2月18號，.. Retrieved December 7, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO-110"><a href="#cite_ref-WHO_110-0">↑</a> WHO. 1992. Our planet, our health: Report of the WHU commission on health and environment. Geneva: World Health Organization. </li> <li id="cite_note-CS_Pest-111">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-CS_Pest_111-0">110.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CS_Pest_111-1">110.1</a> Chrispeels, M.J. and D.E. Sadava. 1994. "Strategies for Pest Control" pp.355-383 in Plants, Genes, and Agriculture. Jones and Bartlett, Boston, MA. </li> <li id="cite_note-DAvery-112"><a href="#cite_ref-DAvery_112-0">↑</a> Avery, D.T. 2000. Saving the Planet with Pesticides and Plastic: The Environmental Triumph of High-Yield Farming. Hudson Institute, Indianapolis, IN. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a> Center for Global Food Issues. Churchville, VA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgfi.org/">"Center for Global Food Issues."</a>. Retrieved December 7, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-WH-114"><a href="#cite_ref-WH_114-0">↑</a> Lappe, F.M., J. Collins, and P. Rosset. 1998. "Myth 4: Food vs. Our Environment" pp. 42-57 in World Hunger, Twelve Myths, Grove Press, New York. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a> Fraser, E.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vulnerablefoodsystems.com/">"Crop yield and climate change"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161023023431/http://vulnerablefoodsystems.com/">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2016年10月23號，., Retrieved on September 14, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-Soils_OM-116">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Soils_OM_116-0">115.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soils_OM_116-1">115.1</a> Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2002. "Soil Organic Matter" pp.353-385 in Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. </li> <li id="cite_note-Soils_N-117"><a href="#cite_ref-Soils_N_117-0">↑</a> Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2002. "Nitrogen and Sulfur Economy of Soils" pp.386-421 in Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20527481.300-for-sustainable-architecture-think-bug.html?page=1">"For sustainable architecture, think bug"</a>. NewScientist. 喺2010-02-26搵到.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+sustainable+architecture%2C+think+bug&rft.pub=NewScientist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg20527481.300-for-sustainable-architecture-think-bug.html%3Fpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFB._Hölldobler_&_E.O._Wilson1990" class="citation book cs1">B. Hölldobler & E.O. Wilson (1990). The Ants. Cambridge MA: Belknap. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-674-48525-9" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-674-48525-9"><bdi>978-0-674-48525-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ants&rft.place=Cambridge+MA&rft.pub=Belknap&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-674-48525-9&rft.au=B.+H%C3%B6lldobler+%26+E.O.+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="權威控制" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="權威控制" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%A8%81%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="權威控制">權威控制</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" 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