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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Planning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1992–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1992–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1992–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1992–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Discontinuities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discontinuities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Discontinuities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discontinuities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansions_and_removals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansions_and_removals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Expansions and removals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansions_and_removals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition,_cancellations,_and_removals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition,_cancellations,_and_removals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Opposition, cancellations, and removals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition,_cancellations,_and_removals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Standards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Standards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Standards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Speed_limits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speed_limits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Speed limits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speed_limits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numbering_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numbering_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Numbering system</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Numbering_system-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Numbering system subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Numbering_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_(one-_and_two-digit)_Interstates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_(one-_and_two-digit)_Interstates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Primary (one- and two-digit) Interstates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_(one-_and_two-digit)_Interstates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auxiliary_(three-digit)_Interstates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auxiliary_(three-digit)_Interstates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Auxiliary (three-digit) Interstates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auxiliary_(three-digit)_Interstates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alaska,_Hawaii,_and_Puerto_Rico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alaska,_Hawaii,_and_Puerto_Rico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alaska,_Hawaii,_and_Puerto_Rico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mile_markers_and_exit_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mile_markers_and_exit_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Mile markers and exit numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mile_markers_and_exit_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Business routes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Financing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Financing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Financing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taxes_and_user_fees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxes_and_user_fees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Taxes and user fees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxes_and_user_fees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tolls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tolls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Tolls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tolls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chargeable_and_non-chargeable_Interstate_routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chargeable_and_non-chargeable_Interstate_routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Chargeable and non-chargeable Interstate routes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chargeable_and_non-chargeable_Interstate_routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Signage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Signage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Signage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Signage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Interstate_shield" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interstate_shield"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Interstate shield</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interstate_shield-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exit_numbering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exit_numbering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Exit numbering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exit_numbering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sign_locations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sign_locations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Sign locations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sign_locations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Statistics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Volume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Volume</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elevation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elevation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Elevation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elevation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Length" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Length"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Length</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Length-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_and_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_and_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Impact and reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_and_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Interstate Highway System</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="طرق إنترستيت السريعة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طرق إنترستيت السريعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Interestatal_d%27Autopistes" title="Sistema Interestatal d'Autopistes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema Interestatal d'Autopistes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Междущатска магистрална система – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Междущатска магистрална система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Interestatal_d%27Autopistes_dels_Estats_Units" title="Sistema Interestatal d'Autopistes dels Estats Units – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema Interestatal d'Autopistes dels Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Interstate Highway System" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Interstate Highway System" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway" title="Interstate Highway – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Interstate Highway" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Interstate Highway System" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_interestatal_de_autopistas" title="Sistema interestatal de autopistas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema interestatal de autopistas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter%C5%9Dtata_%C5%9Cosea_Sistemo" title="Interŝtata Ŝosea Sistemo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Interŝtata Ŝosea Sistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatuarteko_Autobide_Sistema" title="Estatuarteko Autobide Sistema – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatuarteko Autobide Sistema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="سامانه بزرگراه‌های میان ایالتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سامانه بزرگراه‌های میان ایالتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_highway" title="Interstate highway – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Interstate highway" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Interestatal_de_Autoestradas" title="Sistema Interestatal de Autoestradas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema Interestatal de Autoestradas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B0%84%EA%B3%A0%EC%86%8D%EB%8F%84%EB%A1%9C" title="주간고속도로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주간고속도로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86-%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="ԱՄՆ-ի միջնահանգային ավտոմայրուղիների համակարգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԱՄՆ-ի միջնահանգային ավտոմայրուղիների համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Jalan_Raya_Antar_Negara_Bagian_(Amerika_Serikat)" title="Sistem Jalan Raya Antar Negara Bagian (Amerika Serikat) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem Jalan Raya Antar Negara Bagian (Amerika Serikat)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Interstate Highway System" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מערכת הכבישים הבין-מדינתיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת הכבישים הבין-מדינתיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_viarum_inter_civitates_Civitatum_Foederatarum" title="Systema viarum inter civitates Civitatum Foederatarum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema viarum inter civitates Civitatum Foederatarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starp%C5%A1tatu_%C5%A1oseju_sist%C4%93ma" title="Starpštatu šoseju sistēma – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Starpštatu šoseju sistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Interstate Highway System" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="आंतरराज्य महामार्ग प्रणाली – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आंतरराज्य महामार्ग प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebuh_raya_antara_negeri" title="Lebuh raya antara negeri – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lebuh raya antara negeri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_highway" title="Interstate highway – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Interstate highway" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9E%E9%96%93%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="州間高速道路 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="州間高速道路" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Interstate Highway System" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Interstate Highway System" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Interestadual_de_Autoestradas_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Sistema Interestadual de Autoestradas dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema Interestadual de Autoestradas dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Interstate Highway System" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Система межштатных автомагистралей США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Система межштатных автомагистралей США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Interstate Highway System" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Interstate Highway System" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Interstate Highway System" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="இடைமாநில நெடுஞ்சாலை முறை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இடைமாநில நெடுஞ்சாலை முறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95" title="ระบบทางหลวงอินเตอร์สเตต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบทางหลวงอินเตอร์สเตต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate" title="Interstate – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Interstate" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B6%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Система міжштатних автомагістралей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Система міжштатних автомагістралей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%B9_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%92_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="انٹر اسٹیٹ ہائی وے سسٹم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انٹر اسٹیٹ ہائی وے سسٹم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_Xa_l%E1%BB%99_Li%C3%AAn_ti%E1%BB%83u_bang" title="Hệ thống Xa lộ Liên tiểu bang – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ thống Xa lộ Liên tiểu bang" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9D" title="אינטערסטעיט הייוועי סיסטעם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינטערסטעיט הייוועי סיסטעם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9E%E9%9A%9B%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="州際公路系統 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="州際公路系統" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q94247#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_highways&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate highways">Interstate highways</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Network of freeways in the United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Interstate" redirects here. For the type of highway, see <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">Controlled-access highway</a>. 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="text-align:center; display: inline-block; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0;"><div style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"></div><div style="margin:0 0 0.1em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-80.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Interstate 80 marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/I-80.svg/72px-I-80.svg.png" decoding="async" width="72" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/I-80.svg/108px-I-80.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/I-80.svg/144px-I-80.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div></div><div style="text-align:center; display: inline-block; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0;"><div style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"></div><div style="margin:0 0 0.1em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Business_Loop_80.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Interstate 80 Business marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Business_Loop_80.svg/72px-Business_Loop_80.svg.png" decoding="async" width="72" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Business_Loop_80.svg/108px-Business_Loop_80.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Business_Loop_80.svg/144px-Business_Loop_80.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MUTCD_M1-10a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Eisenhower Interstate System sign" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/MUTCD_M1-10a.svg/70px-MUTCD_M1-10a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/MUTCD_M1-10a.svg/105px-MUTCD_M1-10a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/MUTCD_M1-10a.svg/140px-MUTCD_M1-10a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="340" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Highway_shield" title="Highway shield">Highway shields</a> for Interstate 80, Business Loop Interstate 80, and the Eisenhower Interstate System <a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 320px; height: 240px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="320" data-height="240" data-overlays="["_06bc8c9896c070603468a15710a66b54b4bf2cf5"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,320x240.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Interstate_Highway_System&revid=1254133218&groups=_06bc8c9896c070603468a15710a66b54b4bf2cf5" width="320" height="240" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,320x240@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Interstate_Highway_System&revid=1254133218&groups=_06bc8c9896c070603468a15710a66b54b4bf2cf5 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"></div><div class="infobox-caption">Primary Interstate Highways in the 48 contiguous states. <a href="#Alaska,_Hawaii,_and_Puerto_Rico">Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico</a> also have Interstate Highways.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header header-USA">System information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">48,890 mi<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (78,680 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">June 29, 1956<span class="noprint">; 68 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1956-06-29</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-FAHA56_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAHA56-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header header-USA">Highway names</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interstates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Interstate X (I-X)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header header-USA">System links</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interstate Highway System</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Interstate_Highways" title="List of Interstate Highways">Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auxiliary_Interstate_Highways" title="List of auxiliary Interstate Highways">Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suffixed_Interstate_Highways" title="List of suffixed Interstate Highways">Suffixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_business_routes_of_the_Interstate_Highway_System" title="List of business routes of the Interstate Highway System">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_future_Interstate_Highways" title="List of future Interstate Highways">Future</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #d69d36"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color: #002466;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dwight_D._Eisenhower,_official_photo_portrait,_May_29,_1959_(cropped)(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_May_29%2C_1959_%28cropped%29%283%29.jpg/75px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_May_29%2C_1959_%28cropped%29%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_May_29%2C_1959_%28cropped%29%283%29.jpg/113px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_May_29%2C_1959_%28cropped%29%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_May_29%2C_1959_%28cropped%29%283%29.jpg/150px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_May_29%2C_1959_%28cropped%29%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2660" data-file-height="3474" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color: #002466;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Dwight D. Eisenhower</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower#Early_life_and_education" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Early Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Military Career</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">World War II</div> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Expeditionary_Force" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force"><span style="color:#4B5320;">Supreme Allied Commander in Europe</span></a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">D-Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">Surrender of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">VE-Day</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Crusade_in_Europe" title="Crusade in Europe">Crusade in Europe</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">34th President of the United States</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency" title="Timeline of the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Transition</a></li> <li>Inaugurations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Second inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">second</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">First Term</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War#Armistice_(July_1953_–_November_1954)" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace" title="Atoms for Peace">Atoms for Peace</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1953%E2%80%9362)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold War (1953–62)">Cold War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Look_(policy)" title="New Look (policy)">New Look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interstate Highway System</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Second Term</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_gap" title="Missile gap">Missile gap</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Education_Act" title="National Defense Education Act">NDEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Act of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine" title="Little Rock Nine">Little Rock Nine</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Admission of states <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Statehood_Act" title="Alaska Statehood Act">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Admission_Act" title="Hawaii Admission Act">Hawaii</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">U-2 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower%27s_farewell_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower's farewell address">Farewell Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy transition</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Presidential campaigns</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Republican Party presidential primaries">1952 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Eisenhower_movement" title="Draft Eisenhower movement">Draft movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">Election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Republican Party presidential primaries">1956 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">Election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Post-Presidency</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower#Legacy_and_memory" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Presidential_Library,_Museum_and_Boyhood_Home" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home">Presidential library and museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of memorials to Dwight D. Eisenhower">Tributes and memorials</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower's signature"><img alt="Dwight D. Eisenhower's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Dwight_Eisenhower_Signature.svg/150px-Dwight_Eisenhower_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Dwight_Eisenhower_Signature.svg/225px-Dwight_Eisenhower_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Dwight_Eisenhower_Signature.svg/300px-Dwight_Eisenhower_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Seal of the President of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></span></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army_(United_States)" title="General of the Army (United States)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/US-O11_insignia.svg/50px-US-O11_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/US-O11_insignia.svg/75px-US-O11_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/US-O11_insignia.svg/100px-US-O11_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1676" data-file-height="1541" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_personal_coats_of_arms_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of personal coats of arms of presidents of the United States"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Coat_of_Arms_of_Dwight_Eisenhower.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Dwight_Eisenhower.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Coat_of_Arms_of_Dwight_Eisenhower.svg/60px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Dwight_Eisenhower.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Coat_of_Arms_of_Dwight_Eisenhower.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Dwight_Eisenhower.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="677" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dwight_D._Eisenhower_series" title="Template:Dwight D. Eisenhower series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Dwight_D._Eisenhower_series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Dwight D. Eisenhower series (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dwight_D._Eisenhower_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dwight D. Eisenhower series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways</b>, commonly known as the <b>Interstate Highway System</b>, or the <b>Eisenhower Interstate System</b>, is a network of <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">controlled-access highways</a> that forms part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_System_(United_States)" title="National Highway System (United States)">National Highway System</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. The system extends throughout the <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">contiguous United States</a> and has routes in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>. </p><p>In the 20th century, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> began funding roadways through the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aid_Road_Act_of_1916" title="Federal Aid Road Act of 1916">Federal Aid Road Act of 1916</a>, and started an effort to construct a national road grid with the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aid_Highway_Act_of_1921" title="Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921">Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921</a>. In 1926, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highway_System" title="United States Numbered Highway System">United States Numbered Highway System</a> was established, creating the first national road numbering system for cross-country travel. The roads were state-funded and maintained, and there were few national standards for road design. United States Numbered Highways ranged from two-lane country roads to multi-lane freeways. After <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> became president in 1953, <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">his administration</a> developed a proposal for an interstate highway system, eventually resulting in the enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956</a>. </p><p>Unlike the earlier United States Numbered Highway System, the interstates were designed to be all freeways, with nationally unified standards for construction and signage. While some older freeways were adopted into the system, most of the routes were completely new. In dense urban areas, the choice of routing destroyed many well-established neighborhoods, often intentionally as part of a program of "<a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-StrombergVox_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StrombergVox-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the two decades following the 1956 Highway Act, the construction of the freeways displaced one million people,<sup id="cite_ref-GamboaNBC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GamboaNBC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as a result of the many <a href="/wiki/Highway_revolts_in_the_United_States" title="Highway revolts in the United States">freeway revolts</a> during this era, several planned Interstates were abandoned or re-routed to avoid urban cores. </p><p>Construction of the original Interstate Highway System was proclaimed complete in 1992, despite deviations from the original 1956 plan and several <a href="/wiki/List_of_gaps_in_Interstate_Highways" title="List of gaps in Interstate Highways">stretches that did not fully conform with federal standards</a>. The construction of the Interstate Highway System cost approximately $114 billion (equivalent to $618 billion in 2023). The system has continued to expand and grow as additional federal funding has provided for new routes to be added, and many <a href="/wiki/List_of_future_Interstate_Highways" title="List of future Interstate Highways">future Interstate Highways</a> are currently either being planned or under construction. </p><p>Though heavily funded by the federal government, Interstate Highways are owned by the state in which they were built. With <a href="/wiki/List_of_gaps_in_Interstate_Highways" title="List of gaps in Interstate Highways">few exceptions</a>, all Interstates must meet <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_standards" title="Interstate Highway standards">specific standards</a>, such as having controlled access, physical barriers or <a href="/wiki/Median_strip" title="Median strip">median strips</a> between lanes of oncoming traffic, <a href="/wiki/Breakdown_lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakdown lane">breakdown lanes</a>, avoiding <a href="/wiki/Intersection_(road)" title="Intersection (road)">at-grade intersections</a>, no <a href="/wiki/Traffic_light" title="Traffic light">traffic lights</a>, and complying with federal <a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_the_United_States" title="Road signs in the United States">traffic sign</a> specifications. Interstate Highways use a numbering scheme in which primary Interstates are assigned one- or two-digit numbers, and shorter routes which branch off of longer ones are assigned three-digit numbers where the last two digits match the parent route. The Interstate Highway System is partially financed through the <a href="/wiki/Highway_Trust_Fund" title="Highway Trust Fund">Highway Trust Fund</a>, which itself is funded by a combination of a federal <a href="/wiki/Fuel_taxes_in_the_United_States" title="Fuel taxes in the United States">fuel tax</a> and transfers from the <a href="/wiki/US_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="US Treasury">Treasury's</a> general fund.<sup id="cite_ref-ShirleyCBO_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShirleyCBO-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though federal legislation initially banned the collection of tolls, some Interstate routes are <a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">toll roads</a>, either because they were <a href="/wiki/Grandfathered_in" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandfathered in">grandfathered into</a> the system or because subsequent legislation has allowed for tolling of Interstates in some cases. </p><p>As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, about one quarter of all vehicle miles driven in the country used the Interstate Highway System,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has a total length of 48,890 miles (78,680 km).<sup id="cite_ref-hm20_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hm20-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022 and 2023, the number of fatalities on the Interstate Highway System amounted to more than 5,000 people annually, with nearly 5,600 fatalities in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planning">Planning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Cadillacsquareexcerpt.ogg" title="File:Cadillacsquareexcerpt.ogg">Remarks in Cadillac Square, Detroit</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="79" data-mwtitle="Cadillacsquareexcerpt.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Cadillacsquareexcerpt.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/Cadillacsquareexcerpt.ogg/Cadillacsquareexcerpt.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACadillacsquareexcerpt.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">President Eisenhower delivered remarks about the need for a new highway program at <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadillac Square">Cadillac Square</a> in Detroit on October 29, 1954<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/interstate/audiotext.cfm#cadillac">Text of speech excerpt</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Project_for_the_Development_of_National_Highways_of_the_United_States.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Project_for_the_Development_of_National_Highways_of_the_United_States.png/220px-Project_for_the_Development_of_National_Highways_of_the_United_States.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Project_for_the_Development_of_National_Highways_of_the_United_States.png/330px-Project_for_the_Development_of_National_Highways_of_the_United_States.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Project_for_the_Development_of_National_Highways_of_the_United_States.png/440px-Project_for_the_Development_of_National_Highways_of_the_United_States.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3890" /></a><figcaption>The Pershing Map</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FDR_Proposed_Highways.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/FDR_Proposed_Highways.jpg/220px-FDR_Proposed_Highways.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/FDR_Proposed_Highways.jpg/330px-FDR_Proposed_Highways.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/FDR_Proposed_Highways.jpg/440px-FDR_Proposed_Highways.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9957" data-file-height="6670" /></a><figcaption>FDR's hand-drawn map from 1938</figcaption></figure> <p>The United States government's efforts to construct a national network of highways began on an <i>ad hoc</i> basis with the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aid_Road_Act_of_1916" title="Federal Aid Road Act of 1916">Federal Aid Road Act of 1916</a>, which provided $75 million over a five-year period for <a href="/wiki/Matching_funds" title="Matching funds">matching funds</a> to the states for the construction and improvement of highways.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nation's revenue needs associated with <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> prevented any significant implementation of this policy, which expired in 1921. </p><p>In December 1918, E. J. Mehren, a civil engineer and the editor of <i><a href="/wiki/Engineering_News-Record" title="Engineering News-Record">Engineering News-Record</a></i>, presented his "A Suggested National Highway Policy and Plan"<sup id="cite_ref-mehren_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mehren-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during a gathering of the State Highway Officials and Highway Industries Association at the Congress Hotel in Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the plan, Mehren proposed a 50,000-mile (80,000 km) system, consisting of five east–west routes and 10 north–south routes. The system would include two percent of all roads and would pass through every state at a cost of $25,000 per mile ($16,000/km), providing commercial as well as military transport benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-mehren_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mehren-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1919, the US Army sent an expedition across the US to determine the difficulties that military vehicles would have on a cross-country trip. Leaving from <a href="/wiki/The_Ellipse" title="The Ellipse">the Ellipse</a> near the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> on July 7, the <a href="/wiki/1919_Motor_Transport_Corps_convoy" title="1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy">Motor Transport Corps convoy</a> needed 62 days to drive 3,200 miles (5,100 km) on the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Highway" title="Lincoln Highway">Lincoln Highway</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Francisco" title="Presidio of San Francisco">Presidio of San Francisco</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate" title="Golden Gate">Golden Gate</a>. The convoy suffered many setbacks and problems on the route, such as poor-quality bridges, broken crankshafts, and engines clogged with desert sand.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson_article_on_Motor_Transport_convoy_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson_article_on_Motor_Transport_convoy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a>, then a 28-year-old <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">brevet</a> lieutenant colonel,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accompanied the trip "through darkest America with truck and tank," as he later described it. Some roads in the West were a "succession of dust, ruts, pits, and holes."<sup id="cite_ref-Watson_article_on_Motor_Transport_convoy_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson_article_on_Motor_Transport_convoy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the landmark 1916 law expired, new legislation was passed—the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aid_Highway_Act_of_1921" title="Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921">Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921</a> (Phipps Act). This new road construction initiative once again provided for federal matching funds for road construction and improvement, $75 million allocated annually.<sup id="cite_ref-schwantes152_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwantes152-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, this new legislation for the first time sought to target these funds to the construction of a national road grid of interconnected "primary highways", setting up cooperation among the various state highway planning boards.<sup id="cite_ref-schwantes152_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwantes152-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration">Bureau of Public Roads</a> asked the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a> to provide a list of roads that it considered necessary for national defense.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1922, General <a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">John J. Pershing</a>, former head of the <a href="/wiki/American_Expeditionary_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="American Expeditionary Force">American Expeditionary Force</a> in Europe during the war, complied by submitting a detailed network of 20,000 miles (32,000 km) of interconnected primary highways—the so-called <a href="/wiki/Pershing_Map" title="Pershing Map">Pershing Map</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A boom in road construction followed throughout the decade of the 1920s, with such projects as the <a href="/wiki/Parkways_in_New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkways in New York State">New York parkway system</a> constructed as part of a new national highway system. As automobile traffic increased, planners saw a need for such an interconnected national system to supplement the existing, largely non-freeway, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Numbered Highways">United States Numbered Highways</a> system. By the late 1930s, planning had expanded to a system of new superhighways. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Toll_Roads_and_Free_Roads" title="Search Wikisource"><img alt="Search Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this section: <div style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 2px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Toll_Roads_and_Free_Roads" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Toll Roads and Free Roads">Toll Roads and Free Roads </a></b></i></div><div style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 2px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Interregional_Highways" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Interregional Highways">Interregional Highways</a></b></i></div></div></div> </div> <p>In 1938, President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> gave <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Harris_MacDonald" title="Thomas Harris MacDonald">Thomas MacDonald</a>, chief at the Bureau of Public Roads, a hand-drawn map of the United States marked with eight superhighway corridors for study.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1939, Bureau of Public Roads Division of Information chief <a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Fairbank" title="Herbert S. Fairbank">Herbert S. Fairbank</a> wrote a report called <i>Toll Roads and Free Roads</i>, "the first formal description of what became the Interstate Highway System" and, in 1944, the similarly themed <i>Interregional Highways</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956">Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956">Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956</a></div> <p>The Interstate Highway System gained a champion in President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who was influenced by his experiences as a young Army officer crossing the country in the 1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy that drove in part on the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Highway" title="Lincoln Highway">Lincoln Highway</a>, the first road across America. He recalled that, "The old convoy had started me thinking about good two-lane highways... the wisdom of broader ribbons across our land."<sup id="cite_ref-Watson_article_on_Motor_Transport_convoy_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson_article_on_Motor_Transport_convoy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eisenhower also gained an appreciation of the <a href="/wiki/Reichsautobahn" title="Reichsautobahn">Reichsautobahn</a> system, the first "national" implementation of modern Germany's <a href="/wiki/German_autobahns" class="mw-redirect" title="German autobahns">Autobahn</a> network, as a necessary component of a national defense system while he was serving as <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Expeditionary_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force">Supreme Commander</a> of <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied Forces</a> in Europe during <a href="/wiki/European_Theatre_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theatre of World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1954, Eisenhower appointed General <a href="/wiki/Lucius_D._Clay" title="Lucius D. Clay">Lucius D. Clay</a> to head a committee charged with proposing an interstate highway system plan.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Summing up motivations for the construction of such a system, Clay stated, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It was evident we needed better highways. We needed them for safety, to accommodate more automobiles. We needed them for defense purposes, if that should ever be necessary. And we needed them for the economy. Not just as a public works measure, but for future growth.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/National_Highway_Program" title="Search Wikisource"><img alt="Search Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this section: <div style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 2px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/National_Highway_Program" class="extiw" title="wikisource:National Highway Program"> National Highway Program</a></b></i></div><div style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 2px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_10-Year_National_Highway_Program" class="extiw" title="wikisource:A 10-Year National Highway Program"> A 10-Year National Highway Program </a></b></i></div><div style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 2px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/General_Location_of_National_System_of_Interstate_Highways" class="extiw" title="wikisource:General Location of National System of Interstate Highways">General Location of National System of Interstate Highways</a></b></i></div></div></div> </div> <p>Clay's committee proposed a 10-year, $100 billion program ($1.13 trillion in 2023), which would build 40,000 miles (64,000 km) of <a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">divided highways</a> linking all American cities with a population of greater than 50,000. Eisenhower initially preferred a system consisting of <a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">toll roads</a>, but Clay convinced Eisenhower that toll roads were not feasible outside of the highly populated coastal regions. In February 1955, Eisenhower forwarded Clay's proposal to Congress. The bill quickly won approval in the Senate, but House Democrats objected to the use of public <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a> as the means to finance construction. Eisenhower and the House Democrats agreed to instead finance the system through the <a href="/wiki/Highway_Trust_Fund" title="Highway Trust Fund">Highway Trust Fund</a>, which itself would be funded by a <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a> tax.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1956, Eisenhower signed the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956">Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956</a> into law. Under the act, the federal government would pay for 90 percent of the cost of construction of Interstate Highways. Each Interstate Highway was required to be a <a href="/wiki/Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeway">freeway</a> with at least four lanes and no at-grade crossings.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The publication in 1955 of the <i>General Location of National System of Interstate Highways</i>, informally known as the <i>Yellow Book</i>, mapped out what became the Interstate Highway System.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assisting in the planning was <a href="/wiki/Charles_Erwin_Wilson" title="Charles Erwin Wilson">Charles Erwin Wilson</a>, who was still head of <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> when President Eisenhower selected him as Secretary of Defense in January 1953. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Highway_Program_-_National_System_of_Interstate_Highways_-_Rural_Status_of_Improvement,_1965.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/National_Highway_Program_-_National_System_of_Interstate_Highways_-_Rural_Status_of_Improvement%2C_1965.png/220px-National_Highway_Program_-_National_System_of_Interstate_Highways_-_Rural_Status_of_Improvement%2C_1965.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/National_Highway_Program_-_National_System_of_Interstate_Highways_-_Rural_Status_of_Improvement%2C_1965.png/330px-National_Highway_Program_-_National_System_of_Interstate_Highways_-_Rural_Status_of_Improvement%2C_1965.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/National_Highway_Program_-_National_System_of_Interstate_Highways_-_Rural_Status_of_Improvement%2C_1965.png/440px-National_Highway_Program_-_National_System_of_Interstate_Highways_-_Rural_Status_of_Improvement%2C_1965.png 2x" data-file-width="2242" data-file-height="1423" /></a><figcaption>1955 map: The planned status of US Highways in 1965, as a result of the developing Interstate Highway System</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STEEL_RODS,_MADE_FROM_SHREDDED_AUTOS,_ARE_BEING_USED_FOR_REINFORCEMENT_IN_THIS_SECTION_OF_I-55,_NORTH_OF_DURANT._IT..._-_NARA_-_546265.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/STEEL_RODS%2C_MADE_FROM_SHREDDED_AUTOS%2C_ARE_BEING_USED_FOR_REINFORCEMENT_IN_THIS_SECTION_OF_I-55%2C_NORTH_OF_DURANT._IT..._-_NARA_-_546265.jpg/150px-STEEL_RODS%2C_MADE_FROM_SHREDDED_AUTOS%2C_ARE_BEING_USED_FOR_REINFORCEMENT_IN_THIS_SECTION_OF_I-55%2C_NORTH_OF_DURANT._IT..._-_NARA_-_546265.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/STEEL_RODS%2C_MADE_FROM_SHREDDED_AUTOS%2C_ARE_BEING_USED_FOR_REINFORCEMENT_IN_THIS_SECTION_OF_I-55%2C_NORTH_OF_DURANT._IT..._-_NARA_-_546265.jpg/225px-STEEL_RODS%2C_MADE_FROM_SHREDDED_AUTOS%2C_ARE_BEING_USED_FOR_REINFORCEMENT_IN_THIS_SECTION_OF_I-55%2C_NORTH_OF_DURANT._IT..._-_NARA_-_546265.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/STEEL_RODS%2C_MADE_FROM_SHREDDED_AUTOS%2C_ARE_BEING_USED_FOR_REINFORCEMENT_IN_THIS_SECTION_OF_I-55%2C_NORTH_OF_DURANT._IT..._-_NARA_-_546265.jpg/300px-STEEL_RODS%2C_MADE_FROM_SHREDDED_AUTOS%2C_ARE_BEING_USED_FOR_REINFORCEMENT_IN_THIS_SECTION_OF_I-55%2C_NORTH_OF_DURANT._IT..._-_NARA_-_546265.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2030" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Interstate_55_in_Mississippi" title="Interstate 55 in Mississippi">I‑55</a> under construction in <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> in May 1972</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CA_58_I5_FHWA_1957_5776_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/CA_58_I5_FHWA_1957_5776_14.jpg/220px-CA_58_I5_FHWA_1957_5776_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/CA_58_I5_FHWA_1957_5776_14.jpg/330px-CA_58_I5_FHWA_1957_5776_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/CA_58_I5_FHWA_1957_5776_14.jpg/440px-CA_58_I5_FHWA_1957_5776_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2199" data-file-height="2479" /></a><figcaption>1957 aerial photograph showing an recently constructed interchange on I-5 in <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale, California</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some sections of highways that became part of the Interstate Highway System actually began construction earlier. </p><p>Three states have claimed the title of first Interstate Highway. Missouri claims that the first three contracts under the new program were signed in Missouri on August 2, 1956. The first contract signed was for upgrading a section of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66" title="U.S. Route 66">US Route 66</a> to what is now designated <a href="/wiki/Interstate_44" title="Interstate 44">Interstate 44</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-weingroff_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weingroff-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 13, 1956, work began on <a href="/wiki/US_Route_40" class="mw-redirect" title="US Route 40">US 40</a> (now I-70) in St. Charles County.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherrill_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherrill-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-weingroff_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weingroff-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kansas claims that it was the first to start paving after the act was signed. Preliminary construction had taken place before the act was signed, and paving started September 26, 1956. The state marked its portion of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_70" title="Interstate 70">I-70</a> as the first project in the United States completed under the provisions of the new Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-weingroff_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weingroff-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Turnpike" title="Pennsylvania Turnpike">Pennsylvania Turnpike</a> could also be considered one of the first Interstate Highways, and is nicknamed "Grandfather of the Interstate System".<sup id="cite_ref-Sherrill_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherrill-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 1, 1940, 162 miles (261 km) of the highway now designated I‑70 and I‑76 opened between <a href="/wiki/Irwin,_Pennsylvania" title="Irwin, Pennsylvania">Irwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Pennsylvania" title="Carlisle, Pennsylvania">Carlisle</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Commonwealth of Pennsylvania</a> refers to the turnpike as the Granddaddy of the Pikes, a reference to <a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">turnpikes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-weingroff_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weingroff-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Milestones in the construction of the Interstate Highway System include: </p> <ul><li>October 17, 1974: <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> becomes the first state to complete all of its mainline Interstate Highways with the dedication of its final piece of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80_in_Nebraska" title="Interstate 80 in Nebraska">I-80</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>October 12, 1979: The final section of the Canada to Mexico freeway <a href="/wiki/Interstate_5" title="Interstate 5">Interstate 5</a> is dedicated near <a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, California</a>. Representatives of the two neighboring nations attended the dedication to commemorate the first contiguous freeway connecting the North American countries.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 22, 1986: The final section of the coast-to-coast <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80" title="Interstate 80">I-80</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Teaneck,_New_Jersey" title="Teaneck, New Jersey">Teaneck, New Jersey</a>) is dedicated on the western edge of <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City, Utah">Salt Lake City, Utah</a>, making I-80 the world's first contiguous freeway to span from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean and, at the time, the longest contiguous freeway in the world. The section spanned from <a href="/wiki/Utah_State_Route_68" title="Utah State Route 68">Redwood Road</a> to just west of the <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City_International_Airport" title="Salt Lake City International Airport">Salt Lake City International Airport</a>. At the dedication it was noted that coincidentally this was only 50 miles (80 km) from <a href="/wiki/Promontory_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Promontory Summit">Promontory Summit</a>, where a similar feat was accomplished nearly 120 years prior, the driving of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_spike" title="Golden spike">golden spike</a> of the United States' <a href="/wiki/First_transcontinental_railroad" title="First transcontinental railroad">First transcontinental railroad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-highway_history_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highway_history-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-utahmap_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utahmap-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 10, 1990: The final section of coast-to-coast <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10" title="Interstate 10">I-10</a> (<a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a>) is dedicated, the <a href="/wiki/Papago_Freeway_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Papago Freeway Tunnel">Papago Freeway Tunnel</a> under downtown <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a>. Completion of this section was delayed due to a <a href="/wiki/Highway_revolt" title="Highway revolt">freeway revolt</a> that forced the cancellation of an originally planned elevated routing.<sup id="cite_ref-pr_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 12, 1991: <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90" title="Interstate 90">I-90</a> becomes the final coast-to-coast Interstate Highway (<a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a> to <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>) to be completed with the dedication of an elevated <a href="/wiki/Viaduct" title="Viaduct">viaduct</a> bypassing <a href="/wiki/Wallace,_Idaho" title="Wallace, Idaho">Wallace, Idaho</a>, which opened a week earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This section was delayed after residents forced the cancellation of the originally planned at-grade alignment that would have demolished much of <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Historic_District" title="Wallace Historic District">downtown Wallace</a>. The residents accomplished this feat by arranging for most of the downtown area to be declared a <a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">historic district</a> and listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>; this succeeded in blocking the path of the original alignment. Two days after the dedication residents held a mock funeral celebrating the removal of the last stoplight on a transcontinental Interstate Highway.<sup id="cite_ref-pr_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>October 14, 1992: The original Interstate Highway System is proclaimed to be complete with the opening of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_70_in_Colorado" title="Interstate 70 in Colorado">I-70</a> through <a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Canyon" title="Glenwood Canyon">Glenwood Canyon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>. This section is considered an engineering marvel with a 12-mile (19 km) span featuring 40 bridges and numerous tunnels and is one of the most expensive rural highways per mile built in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-funfacts_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-funfacts-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12yearslater_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12yearslater-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The initial cost estimate for the system was $25 billion over 12 years; it ended up costing $114 billion (equivalent to $425 billion in 2006<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday062206_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday062206-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or $618 billion in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and took 35 years.<sup id="cite_ref-mndot50_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mndot50-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992–present"><span id="1992.E2.80.93present"></span>1992–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1992–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Discontinuities">Discontinuities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Discontinuities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_gaps_in_Interstate_Highways" title="List of gaps in Interstate Highways">List of gaps in Interstate Highways</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eisenhower_Interstate_System_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Eisenhower_Interstate_System_sign.jpg/220px-Eisenhower_Interstate_System_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Eisenhower_Interstate_System_sign.jpg/330px-Eisenhower_Interstate_System_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Eisenhower_Interstate_System_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption>Commemorative sign introduced in 1993. The system was established during Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency, and the five stars commemorate his rank as <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army_(United_States)" title="General of the Army (United States)">General of the Army</a> during World War II.</figcaption></figure> <p>The system was proclaimed complete in 1992, but two of the original Interstates—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">I-95</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_70" title="Interstate 70">I-70</a>—were not continuous: both of these discontinuities were due to local opposition, which blocked efforts to build the necessary connections to fully complete the system. I-95 was made a continuous freeway in 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-sofield_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sofield-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thus I-70 remains the only original Interstate with a discontinuity. </p><p>I-95 was discontinuous in New Jersey because of the cancellation of the <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Somerset Freeway">Somerset Freeway</a>. This situation was remedied when the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Turnpike/Interstate_95_Interchange_Project" title="Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project">Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project</a> started in 2010<sup id="cite_ref-PA_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and partially opened on September 22, 2018, which was already enough to fill the gap.<sup id="cite_ref-sofield_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sofield-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, I-70 remains discontinuous in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, because of the lack of a direct interchange with the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Turnpike" title="Pennsylvania Turnpike">Pennsylvania Turnpike</a> at the eastern end of the <a href="/wiki/Concurrency_(road)" title="Concurrency (road)">concurrency</a> near <a href="/wiki/Breezewood,_Pennsylvania" title="Breezewood, Pennsylvania">Breezewood</a>. Traveling in either direction, I-70 traffic must exit the freeway and use a short stretch of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_30_in_Pennsylvania" title="U.S. Route 30 in Pennsylvania">US 30</a> (which includes a number of roadside services) to rejoin I-70. The interchange was not originally built because of a legacy federal funding rule, since relaxed, which restricted the use of federal funds to improve roads financed with tolls.<sup id="cite_ref-Federal_Highway_Administration_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Federal_Highway_Administration-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Solutions have been proposed to eliminate the discontinuity, but they have been blocked by local opposition, fearing a loss of business.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Expansions_and_removals">Expansions and removals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Expansions and removals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Future_Interstate_Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="Future Interstate Highways">Future Interstate Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freeway_removal" title="Freeway removal">Freeway removal</a></div> <p>The Interstate Highway System has been expanded numerous times. The expansions have both created new designations and extended existing designations. For example, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_49" title="Interstate 49">I-49</a>, added to the system in the 1980s as a freeway in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, was designated as an expansion corridor, and FHWA approved the expanded route north from <a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Louisiana" title="Lafayette, Louisiana">Lafayette, Louisiana</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>. The freeway exists today as separate completed segments, with segments under construction or in the planning phase between them.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966, the FHWA designated the entire Interstate Highway System as part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Highway" title="Pan-American Highway">Pan-American Highway</a> System,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at least two proposed Interstate expansions were initiated to help trade with Canada and Mexico spurred by the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA). Long-term plans for <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69" title="Interstate 69">I-69</a>, which currently exists in several separate completed segments (the largest of which are in <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>), is to have the highway route extend from <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>, Mexico to <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada. The planned <a href="/wiki/Interstate_11" title="Interstate 11">I-11</a> will then bridge the Interstate gap between <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas, Nevada">Las Vegas, Nevada</a>, and thus form part of the <a href="/wiki/CANAMEX_Corridor" title="CANAMEX Corridor">CANAMEX Corridor</a> (along with <a href="/wiki/Interstate_19" title="Interstate 19">I-19</a>, and portions of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10" title="Interstate 10">I-10</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_15" title="Interstate 15">I-15</a>) between <a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a>, Mexico and <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, Canada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition,_cancellations,_and_removals"><span id="Opposition.2C_cancellations.2C_and_removals"></span>Opposition, cancellations, and removals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Opposition, cancellations, and removals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Special:EditPage/Interstate Highway System">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Highway_revolts_in_the_United_States" title="Highway revolts in the United States">Highway revolts in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interstate_81_elevated_syracuse_E_Genesee_St.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Interstate 81, carried on an aging viaduct through the middle of Syracuse, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Interstate_81_elevated_syracuse_E_Genesee_St.jpg/300px-Interstate_81_elevated_syracuse_E_Genesee_St.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Interstate_81_elevated_syracuse_E_Genesee_St.jpg/450px-Interstate_81_elevated_syracuse_E_Genesee_St.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Interstate_81_elevated_syracuse_E_Genesee_St.jpg/600px-Interstate_81_elevated_syracuse_E_Genesee_St.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The fervor of <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a> led to the routing of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_81_in_New_York" title="Interstate 81 in New York">Interstate 81</a> through the middle of <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse's</a> 15th Ward in the 1960s. The viaduct is now slated for demolition.<sup id="cite_ref-WalkerCurbed_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WalkerCurbed-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Political opposition from residents canceled many freeway projects around the United States, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_40_in_Tennessee" title="Interstate 40 in Tennessee">I-40</a> in Memphis, Tennessee was rerouted and part of the original I-40 is still in use as the eastern half of <a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooper_Boulevard" title="Sam Cooper Boulevard">Sam Cooper Boulevard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_66" title="Interstate 66">I-66</a> in the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> was abandoned in 1977.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_69" title="Interstate 69">I-69</a> was to continue past its terminus at Interstate 465 to intersect with <a href="/wiki/Interstate_70" title="Interstate 70">Interstate 70</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_65" title="Interstate 65">Interstate 65</a> at the north split, northeast of downtown <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>. Though local opposition led to the cancellation of this project in 1981, bridges and ramps for the connection into the "north split" remained until it was rebuilt in 2023.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_70_in_Maryland" title="Interstate 70 in Maryland">I-70</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> was supposed to run from the Baltimore Beltway (<a href="/wiki/Interstate_695_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 695 in Maryland">Interstate 695</a>), which surrounds the city to terminate at <a href="/wiki/I-95" class="mw-redirect" title="I-95">I-95</a>, the East Coast thoroughfare that runs through Maryland and Baltimore on a diagonal course, northeast to southwest; the connection was cancelled on the mid-1970s due to its routing through <a href="/wiki/Gwynns_Falls_Leakin_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwynns Falls Leakin Park">Gwynns Falls-Leakin Park</a>, a wilderness urban park reserve following the <a href="/wiki/Gwynns_Falls" title="Gwynns Falls">Gwynns Falls</a> stream through West Baltimore. This included the cancellation of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_170_(Maryland)" title="Interstate 170 (Maryland)">I-170</a>, partially built and in use as US 40, and nicknamed the Highway to Nowhere. The freeway stub of I-70 inside the Beltway was renumbered MD 570 in 2014, but continues to bear I-70 signs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_78_in_New_York" title="Interstate 78 in New York">I-78</a> in New York City was canceled along with portions of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_278" title="Interstate 278">I-278</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_478" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 478">I-478</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_878" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 878">I-878</a>. I-878 was supposed to be part of I-78, and I-478 and I-278 were to be spur routes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_80_in_California" title="Interstate 80 in California">I-80</a> in San Francisco was originally planned to travel past the city's Civic Center along the Panhandle Freeway into <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Park" title="Golden Gate Park">Golden Gate Park</a> and terminate at the original alignment of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_280_(California)" title="Interstate 280 (California)">I-280</a>/<a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_1" title="California State Route 1">SR 1</a>. The city canceled this and several other freeways in 1958. Similarly, more than 20 years later, Sacramento canceled plans to upgrade I-80 to Interstate Standards and rerouted the freeway on what was then I-880 that traveled north of Downtown Sacramento.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_83" title="Interstate 83">I-83</a>, southern extension of the <a href="/wiki/Jones_Falls_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jones Falls Expressway">Jones Falls Expressway</a> (southern <a href="/wiki/I-83" class="mw-redirect" title="I-83">I-83</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> was supposed to run along the waterfront of the <a href="/wiki/Patapsco_River" title="Patapsco River">Patapsco River</a> / <a href="/wiki/Helen_Delich_Bentley_Port_of_Baltimore" class="mw-redirect" title="Helen Delich Bentley Port of Baltimore">Baltimore Harbor</a> to connect to <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Maryland" title="Interstate 95 in Maryland">I-95</a>, bisecting historic neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Fells_Point,_Baltimore" class="mw-redirect" title="Fells Point, Baltimore">Fells Point</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Baltimore" title="Canton, Baltimore">Canton</a>, but the connection was never built.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_(Pennsylvania-Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 84 (Pennsylvania-Massachusetts)">I-84</a> in <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> was once planned to fork east of Hartford, into an <a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_(Pennsylvania%E2%80%93Massachusetts)" title="Interstate 84 (Pennsylvania–Massachusetts)">I-86</a> to Sturbridge, Massachusetts, and I-84 to Providence, R.I. The plan was cancelled, primarily because of anticipated impact on a major Rhode Island reservoir. The I-84 designation was restored to the highway to Sturbridge, and other numbering was used for completed Eastern sections of what had been planned as part of I-84.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Maryland" title="Interstate 95 in Maryland">I-95</a> through the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> into <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> was abandoned in 1977. Instead it was rerouted to <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Capital_Beltway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)">I-495 (Capital Beltway)</a>. The completed section is now <a href="/wiki/Interstate_395_(Virginia%E2%80%93District_of_Columbia)" title="Interstate 395 (Virginia–District of Columbia)">I-395</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Massachusetts" title="Interstate 95 in Massachusetts">I-95</a> was originally planned to run up the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Corridor_(Massachusetts)" title="Southwest Corridor (Massachusetts)">Southwest Expressway</a> and meet <a href="/wiki/Interstate_93" title="Interstate 93">I-93</a>, where the two highways would travel along the <a href="/wiki/Central_Artery" title="Central Artery">Central Artery</a> through downtown <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, but was rerouted onto the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_Highway_128" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts State Highway 128">Route 128</a> beltway due to widespread opposition. This revolt also included the cancellation of the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_695_(Massachusetts)" title="Interstate 695 (Massachusetts)">Inner Belt</a>, connecting I-93 to <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Turnpike" title="Massachusetts Turnpike">I-90</a> and a cancelled section of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_3" title="U.S. Route 3">Northwest Expressway</a> which would have carried <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_3" title="U.S. Route 3">US 3</a> inside the Route 128 beltway, meeting with <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_2" title="Massachusetts Route 2">Route 2</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>.</li></ul> <p>In addition to cancellations, removals of freeways are planned: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_81_in_New_York" title="Interstate 81 in New York">I-81</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse, New York</a>, which bisects the city's 15th Ward neighborhood, is planned to be torn down and replaced with a <a href="/wiki/Boulevard" title="Boulevard">boulevard</a> that accommodates pedestrians.<sup id="cite_ref-WalkerCurbed_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WalkerCurbed-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZarroliNYT_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZarroliNYT-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Freeway traffic would be rerouted along <a href="/wiki/I-481" class="mw-redirect" title="I-481">I-481</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ZarroliNYT_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZarroliNYT-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_standards" title="Interstate Highway standards">Interstate Highway standards</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials" title="American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials">American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials</a> (AASHTO) has defined a set of standards that all new Interstates must meet unless a waiver from the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration">Federal Highway Administration</a> (FHWA) is obtained. One almost absolute standard is the <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">controlled access</a> nature of the roads. With few <a href="/wiki/List_of_gaps_in_Interstate_Highways" title="List of gaps in Interstate Highways">exceptions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traffic_light" title="Traffic light">traffic lights</a> (and cross traffic in general) are limited to <a href="/wiki/Toll_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Toll house">toll booths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramp_meter" title="Ramp meter">ramp meters</a> (metered flow control for lane merging during <a href="/wiki/Rush_hour" title="Rush hour">rush hour</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speed_limits">Speed limits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Speed limits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Speed_limits_in_the_United_States" title="Speed limits in the United States">Speed limits in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Maximum_Speed_Law" title="National Maximum Speed Law">National Maximum Speed Law</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-07-15_11_10_50_View_south_along_Interstate_95_from_the_overpass_for_Maryland_State_Route_175_(Waterloo_Road-Rouse_Parkway)_in_Columbia,_Howard_County,_Maryland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2019-07-15_11_10_50_View_south_along_Interstate_95_from_the_overpass_for_Maryland_State_Route_175_%28Waterloo_Road-Rouse_Parkway%29_in_Columbia%2C_Howard_County%2C_Maryland.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2019-07-15_11_10_50_View_south_along_Interstate_95_from_the_overpass_for_Maryland_State_Route_175_%28Waterloo_Road-Rouse_Parkway%29_in_Columbia%2C_Howard_County%2C_Maryland.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2019-07-15_11_10_50_View_south_along_Interstate_95_from_the_overpass_for_Maryland_State_Route_175_%28Waterloo_Road-Rouse_Parkway%29_in_Columbia%2C_Howard_County%2C_Maryland.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Maryland" title="Interstate 95 in Maryland">I-95</a> in <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Maryland" title="Columbia, Maryland">Columbia, Maryland</a>, built to modern standards.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interstate_5_in_the_Central_Valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Interstate_5_in_the_Central_Valley.jpg/220px-Interstate_5_in_the_Central_Valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Interstate_5_in_the_Central_Valley.jpg/330px-Interstate_5_in_the_Central_Valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Interstate_5_in_the_Central_Valley.jpg/440px-Interstate_5_in_the_Central_Valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4440" data-file-height="2885" /></a><figcaption>A rural stretch of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_5_in_California" title="Interstate 5 in California">I-5</a> in California; two lanes in each direction are separated by a large grassy <a href="/wiki/Central_reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Central reservation">median</a> and cross-traffic is limited to <a href="/wiki/Grade_separation" title="Grade separation">grade separations</a> such as this overpass.</figcaption></figure> <p>Being <a href="/wiki/Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeway">freeways</a>, Interstate Highways usually have the highest <a href="/wiki/Speed_limit" title="Speed limit">speed limits</a> in a given area. Speed limits are determined by individual states. From 1975 to 1986, the maximum speed limit on any highway in the United States was 55 miles per hour (90 km/h), in accordance with federal law.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes3a_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes3a-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Typically, lower limits are established in <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern</a> and coastal states, while higher speed limits are established in inland states west of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mit_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mit-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the maximum speed limit is 75 mph (120 km/h) in northern Maine, varies between 50 and 70 mph (80 and 115 km/h)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from southern Maine to New Jersey, and is 50 mph (80 km/h) in New York City and the District of Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-mit_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mit-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, rural speed limits elsewhere generally range from 65 to 80 miles per hour (105 to 130 km/h). Several portions of various highways such as <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10_in_Texas" title="Interstate 10 in Texas">I-10</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20_in_Texas" title="Interstate 20 in Texas">I-20</a> in rural western Texas, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80_in_Nevada" title="Interstate 80 in Nevada">I-80</a> in Nevada between Fernley and Winnemucca (except around Lovelock) and portions of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_15_in_Utah" title="Interstate 15 in Utah">I-15</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_70_in_Utah" title="Interstate 70 in Utah">I-70</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80_in_Utah" title="Interstate 80 in Utah">I-80</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_in_Utah" title="Interstate 84 in Utah">I-84</a> in Utah have a speed limit of 80 mph (130 km/h). Other Interstates in Idaho, Montana, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Wyoming also have the same high speed limits. </p><p>In some areas, speed limits on Interstates can be significantly lower in areas where they traverse significantly hazardous areas. The maximum speed limit on <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90_in_Ohio" title="Interstate 90 in Ohio">I-90</a> is 50 mph (80 km/h) in downtown <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a> because of two sharp curves with a suggested limit of 35 mph (55 km/h) in a heavily congested area; <a href="/wiki/Interstate_70_in_West_Virginia" title="Interstate 70 in West Virginia">I-70</a> through <a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">Wheeling, West Virginia</a>, has a maximum speed limit of 45 mph (70 km/h) through the <a href="/wiki/Wheeling_Tunnel" title="Wheeling Tunnel">Wheeling Tunnel</a> and most of downtown Wheeling; and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_68" title="Interstate 68">I-68</a> has a maximum speed limit of 40 mph (65 km/h) through <a href="/wiki/Cumberland,_Maryland" title="Cumberland, Maryland">Cumberland, Maryland</a>, because of multiple hazards including sharp curves and narrow lanes through the city. In some locations, low speed limits are the result of lawsuits and resident demands; after holding up the completion of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35E_(Minnesota)" title="Interstate 35E (Minnesota)">I-35E</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul, Minnesota</a>, for nearly 30 years in the courts, residents along the stretch of the freeway from the southern city limit to downtown successfully lobbied for a 45 mph (70 km/h) speed limit in addition to a prohibition on any vehicle weighing more than 9,000 pounds (4,100 kg) <a href="/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross vehicle weight">gross vehicle weight</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_93" title="Interstate 93">I-93</a> in <a href="/wiki/Franconia_Notch_State_Park" title="Franconia Notch State Park">Franconia Notch State Park</a> in northern New Hampshire has a speed limit of 45 mph (70 km/h) because it is a parkway that consists of only one lane per side of the highway. On the other hand, Interstates 15, 80, 84, and 215 in Utah have speed limits as high as 70 mph (115 km/h) within the <a href="/wiki/Wasatch_Front" title="Wasatch Front">Wasatch Front</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cedar_City,_Utah" title="Cedar City, Utah">Cedar City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._George,_Utah" title="St. George, Utah">St. George</a> areas, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_25_in_New_Mexico" title="Interstate 25 in New Mexico">I-25</a> in New Mexico within the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_New_Mexico" title="Las Vegas, New Mexico">Las Vegas</a> areas along with <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20_in_Texas" title="Interstate 20 in Texas">I-20</a> in Texas along Odessa and <a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_29_in_North_Dakota" title="Interstate 29 in North Dakota">I-29</a> in North Dakota along the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakota" title="Grand Forks, North Dakota">Grand Forks</a> area have higher speed limits of 75 mph (120 km/h). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As one of the components of the <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_System_(United_States)" title="National Highway System (United States)">National Highway System</a>, Interstate Highways improve the mobility of military troops to and from airports, seaports, rail terminals, and other military bases. Interstate Highways also connect to other roads that are a part of the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Highway_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Highway Network">Strategic Highway Network</a>, a system of roads identified as critical to the <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of Defense">US Department of Defense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-slater_1996_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slater_1996-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The system has also been used to facilitate evacuations in the face of hurricanes and other natural disasters. An option for maximizing traffic throughput on a highway is to reverse the flow of traffic on one side of a divider so that all lanes become outbound lanes. This procedure, known as <a href="/wiki/Contraflow_lane_reversal" title="Contraflow lane reversal">contraflow lane reversal</a>, has been employed several times for hurricane evacuations. After public outcry regarding the inefficiency of evacuating from southern Louisiana prior to <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Georges" title="Hurricane Georges">Hurricane Georges</a>' landfall in September 1998, government officials looked towards contraflow to improve evacuation times. In <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah, Georgia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, in 1999, lanes of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_16_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 16 in Georgia">I-16</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_26_in_South_Carolina" title="Interstate 26 in South Carolina">I-26</a> were used in a contraflow configuration in anticipation of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Floyd" title="Hurricane Floyd">Hurricane Floyd</a> with mixed results.<sup id="cite_ref-onewayout_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onewayout-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, contraflow was employed ahead of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley" title="Hurricane Charley">Hurricane Charley</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a> area and on the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf Coast</a> before the landfall of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ivan" title="Hurricane Ivan">Hurricane Ivan</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-contraflow_ivan_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-contraflow_ivan-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, evacuation times there were no better than previous evacuation operations. Engineers began to apply lessons learned from the analysis of prior contraflow operations, including limiting exits, removing troopers (to keep traffic flowing instead of having drivers stop for directions), and improving the dissemination of public information. As a result, the 2005 evacuation of New Orleans, Louisiana, prior to <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a> ran much more smoothly.<sup id="cite_ref-roadsandbridges_contraflow_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roadsandbridges_contraflow-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">urban legend</a>, early regulations required that one out of every five miles of the Interstate Highway System must be built straight and flat, so as to be usable by aircraft during times of war. There is no evidence of this rule being included in any Interstate legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also <a href="/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions" title="List of common misconceptions">commonly believed</a> the Interstate Highway System was built for the sole purpose of evacuating cities in the event of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">nuclear warfare</a>. While military motivations were present, the primary motivations were civilian.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numbering_system">Numbering system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Numbering system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_(one-_and_two-digit)_Interstates"><span id="Primary_.28one-_and_two-digit.29_Interstates"></span>Primary (one- and two-digit) Interstates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Primary (one- and two-digit) Interstates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Interstate_Highways" title="List of Interstate Highways">List of Interstate Highways</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interstate_Highway_System_numbering_method_explanation_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Odd numbers run north–south with numbers increasing from west to east, while even numbers run east–west with numbers increasing from south to north." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Interstate_Highway_System_numbering_method_explanation_diagram.png/220px-Interstate_Highway_System_numbering_method_explanation_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Interstate_Highway_System_numbering_method_explanation_diagram.png/330px-Interstate_Highway_System_numbering_method_explanation_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Interstate_Highway_System_numbering_method_explanation_diagram.png/440px-Interstate_Highway_System_numbering_method_explanation_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="5333" data-file-height="3111" /></a><figcaption>Odd numbers run north–south with numbers increasing from west to east, while even numbers run east–west with numbers increasing from south to north.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I-78-US_22_EB_at_mile_marker_24.5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/I-78-US_22_EB_at_mile_marker_24.5.JPG/220px-I-78-US_22_EB_at_mile_marker_24.5.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/I-78-US_22_EB_at_mile_marker_24.5.JPG/330px-I-78-US_22_EB_at_mile_marker_24.5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/I-78-US_22_EB_at_mile_marker_24.5.JPG/440px-I-78-US_22_EB_at_mile_marker_24.5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Interstate_78_in_Pennsylvania" title="Interstate 78 in Pennsylvania">I‑78</a> and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_22_in_Pennsylvania" title="U.S. Route 22 in Pennsylvania">US 22</a></span> in <a href="/wiki/Berks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Berks County, Pennsylvania">Berks County, Pennsylvania</a> (2008)</figcaption></figure> <p>The numbering scheme for the Interstate Highway System was developed in 1957 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). The association's present numbering policy dates back to August 10, 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-aashto_ho2_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aashto_ho2-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the contiguous United States, primary Interstates—also called main line Interstates or two-digit Interstates—are assigned numbers less than 100.<sup id="cite_ref-aashto_ho2_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aashto_ho2-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While numerous exceptions do exist, there is a general scheme for numbering Interstates. Primary Interstates are assigned one- or two-digit numbers, while shorter routes (such as spurs, loops, and short connecting roads) are assigned three-digit numbers where the last two digits match the parent route (thus, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_294" title="Interstate 294">I-294</a> is a loop that connects at both ends to <a href="/wiki/Interstate_94" title="Interstate 94">I-94</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Interstate_787" title="Interstate 787">I-787</a> is a short spur route attached to <a href="/wiki/Interstate_87_(New_York)" title="Interstate 87 (New York)">I-87</a>). In the numbering scheme for the primary routes, east–west highways are assigned even numbers and north–south highways are assigned odd numbers. Odd route numbers increase from west to east, and even-numbered routes increase from south to north (to avoid confusion with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highway_System" title="United States Numbered Highway System">US Highways</a>, which increase from east to west and north to south).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This numbering system usually holds true even if the local direction of the route does not match the compass directions. Numbers <a href="/wiki/Division_(mathematics)" title="Division (mathematics)">divisible</a> by five are intended to be major arteries among the primary routes, carrying traffic long distances.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rambler_20050118_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rambler_20050118-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primary north–south Interstates increase in number from <a href="/wiki/Interstate_5" title="Interstate 5">I-5</a> between Canada and Mexico along the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a> to <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">I‑95</a> between Canada and <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami, Florida</a> along the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a>. Major west–east arterial Interstates increase in number from <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10" title="Interstate 10">I-10</a> between <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90" title="Interstate 90">I-90</a> between <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>, with two exceptions. There are no I-50 and I-60, as routes with those numbers would likely pass through states that currently have US Highways with the same numbers, which is generally disallowed under highway administration guidelines.<sup id="cite_ref-aashto_ho2_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aashto_ho2-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fhwa-faq19_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhwa-faq19-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several two-digit numbers are shared between unconnected road segments at opposite ends of the country for various reasons. Some such highways are incomplete Interstates (such as <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69" title="Interstate 69">I-69</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_74" title="Interstate 74">I-74</a>) and some just happen to share route designations (such as <a href="/wiki/Interstate_76_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Interstate 76 (disambiguation)">I-76</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Interstate 84 (disambiguation)">I-84</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_86_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Interstate 86 (disambiguation)">I‑86</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_87_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Interstate 87 (disambiguation)">I-87</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_88_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Interstate 88 (disambiguation)">I-88</a>). Some of these were due to a change in the numbering system as a result of a new policy adopted in 1973. Previously, letter-suffixed numbers were used for long spurs off primary routes; for example, western <a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_(west)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 84 (west)">I‑84</a> was I‑80N, as it went north from <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80" title="Interstate 80">I‑80</a>. The new policy stated, "No new divided numbers (such as <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35W_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Interstate 35W (disambiguation)">I-35W</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35E_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Interstate 35E (disambiguation)">I-35E</a>, etc.) shall be adopted." The new policy also recommended that existing divided numbers be eliminated as quickly as possible; however, an <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35W_(Texas)" title="Interstate 35W (Texas)">I-35W</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35E_(Texas)" title="Interstate 35E (Texas)">I-35E</a> still exist in the <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex</a> in Texas, and an <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35W_(Minnesota)" title="Interstate 35W (Minnesota)">I-35W</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35E_(Minnesota)" title="Interstate 35E (Minnesota)">I-35E</a> that run through <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a>, Minnesota, still exist.<sup id="cite_ref-aashto_ho2_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aashto_ho2-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, due to Congressional requirements, three sections of I-69 in southern Texas will be divided into <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69W" title="Interstate 69W">I-69W</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69E" title="Interstate 69E">I-69E</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69C" title="Interstate 69C">I-69C</a> (for Central).<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AASHTO policy allows dual numbering to provide continuity between major control points.<sup id="cite_ref-aashto_ho2_61-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aashto_ho2-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Concurrency_(road)" title="Concurrency (road)">concurrency</a> or overlap. For example, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_75_in_Georgia" title="Interstate 75 in Georgia">I‑75</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_85_in_Georgia" title="Interstate 85 in Georgia">I‑85</a> share the same roadway in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>; this 7.4-mile (11.9 km) section, called the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Connector" title="Downtown Connector">Downtown Connector</a>, is labeled both I‑75 and I‑85. Concurrencies between Interstate and US Highway numbers are also allowed in accordance with AASHTO policy, as long as the length of the concurrency is reasonable.<sup id="cite_ref-aashto_ho2_61-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aashto_ho2-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In rare instances, two highway designations sharing the same roadway are signed as traveling in opposite directions; one such <a href="/wiki/Wrong-way_concurrency" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrong-way concurrency">wrong-way concurrency</a> is found between <a href="/wiki/Wytheville,_Virginia" title="Wytheville, Virginia">Wytheville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Chiswell,_Virginia" title="Fort Chiswell, Virginia">Fort Chiswell</a>, Virginia, where <a href="/wiki/Interstate_81_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 81 in Virginia">I‑81</a> north and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_77_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 77 in Virginia">I‑77</a> south are equivalent (with that section of road traveling almost due east), as are I‑81 south and I‑77 north. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auxiliary_(three-digit)_Interstates"><span id="Auxiliary_.28three-digit.29_Interstates"></span>Auxiliary (three-digit) Interstates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Auxiliary (three-digit) Interstates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_auxiliary_Interstate_Highways" title="List of auxiliary Interstate Highways">List of auxiliary Interstate Highways</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FHWA_Auxiliary_Route_Numbering_Diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/FHWA_Auxiliary_Route_Numbering_Diagram.svg/550px-FHWA_Auxiliary_Route_Numbering_Diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/FHWA_Auxiliary_Route_Numbering_Diagram.svg/825px-FHWA_Auxiliary_Route_Numbering_Diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/FHWA_Auxiliary_Route_Numbering_Diagram.svg/1100px-FHWA_Auxiliary_Route_Numbering_Diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Examples of the auxiliary Interstate Highway numbering system. An odd hundreds digit means the route connects at only one end to the rest of the interstate system, known as a "spur route" (see I-310 and I-510 in image). An even hundreds digit means the route connects at both ends, which could be a bypass route (which has two termini) (see I-210 and I-810 in image) or a radial route (known also as a beltway, beltline, or circumferential route) (see I-610 in image).</figcaption></figure> <p>Auxiliary Interstate Highways are circumferential, radial, or spur highways that principally serve <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban areas</a>. These types of Interstate Highways are given three-digit route numbers, which consist of a single digit prefixed to the two-digit number of its parent Interstate Highway. Spur routes deviate from their parent and do not return; these are given an odd first digit. Circumferential and radial loop routes return to the parent, and are given an even first digit. Unlike primary Interstates, three-digit Interstates are signed as either east–west or north–south, depending on the general orientation of the route, without regard to the route number. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_190_(Massachusetts)" title="Interstate 190 (Massachusetts)">I-190</a> in Massachusetts is labeled north–south, while <a href="/wiki/Interstate_195_(New_Jersey)" title="Interstate 195 (New Jersey)">I-195</a> in New Jersey is labeled east–west. Some looped Interstate routes use <a href="/wiki/Inner%E2%80%93outer_directions" title="Inner–outer directions">inner–outer directions</a> instead of compass directions, when the use of compass directions would create ambiguity. Due to the large number of these routes, auxiliary route numbers may be repeated in different states along the mainline.<sup id="cite_ref-fhwa_route_log_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhwa_route_log-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some auxiliary highways do not follow these guidelines, however. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alaska,_Hawaii,_and_Puerto_Rico"><span id="Alaska.2C_Hawaii.2C_and_Puerto_Rico"></span>Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puerto_Rico_Interstates.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Puerto_Rico_Interstates.svg/220px-Puerto_Rico_Interstates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Puerto_Rico_Interstates.svg/330px-Puerto_Rico_Interstates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Puerto_Rico_Interstates.svg/440px-Puerto_Rico_Interstates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption>Map of routes in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> that receive funding from the Interstate program, but are not signed as Interstate Highways</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interstate_Alaska_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Interstate_Alaska_map.png/220px-Interstate_Alaska_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Interstate_Alaska_map.png/330px-Interstate_Alaska_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Interstate_Alaska_map.png/440px-Interstate_Alaska_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="1286" /></a><figcaption>Map of routes in Alaska that receive funding from the Interstate program, but are not signed as Interstate Highways</figcaption></figure> <p>The Interstate Highway System also extends to <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, even though they have no direct land connections to any other states or territories. However, their residents still pay federal fuel and tire taxes. </p><p>The Interstates in Hawaii, all located on the most populous island of <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oahu</a>, carry the prefix <b>H</b>. There are three one-digit routes in the state (<a href="/wiki/Interstate_H-1" title="Interstate H-1">H-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_H-2" title="Interstate H-2">H-2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_H-3" title="Interstate H-3">H-3</a>) and one auxiliary route (<a href="/wiki/Interstate_H-201" title="Interstate H-201">H-201</a>). These Interstates connect several <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">military</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">naval</a> bases together, as well as the important communities spread across Oahu, and especially within the urban core of <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>. </p><p>Both Alaska and Puerto Rico also have public highways that receive 90 percent of their funding from the Interstate Highway program. The <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highways_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate Highways in Alaska">Interstates of Alaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highways_in_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate Highways in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> are numbered sequentially in order of funding without regard to the rules on odd and even numbers. They also carry the prefixes <b>A</b> and <b>PR</b>, respectively. However, these highways are signed according to their local designations, not their Interstate Highway numbers. Furthermore, these routes were neither planned according to nor constructed to the official <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_standards" title="Interstate Highway standards">Interstate Highway standards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FHWA2_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FHWA2-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mile_markers_and_exit_numbers">Mile markers and exit numbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mile markers and exit numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On one- or two-digit Interstates, the mile marker numbering almost always begins at the southern or western state line. If an Interstate originates within a state, the numbering begins from the location where the road begins in the south or west. As with all guidelines for Interstate routes, however, numerous exceptions exist. </p><p>Three-digit Interstates with an even first number that form a complete circumferential (circle) bypass around a city feature mile markers that are numbered in a clockwise direction, beginning just west of an Interstate that bisects the circumferential route near a south polar location. In other words, mile marker 1 on <a href="/wiki/I-465" class="mw-redirect" title="I-465">I-465</a>, a 53-mile (85 km) route around Indianapolis, is just west of its junction with <a href="/wiki/I-65" class="mw-redirect" title="I-65">I-65</a> on the south side of Indianapolis (on the south leg of I-465), and mile marker 53 is just east of this same junction. An exception is <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Capital_Beltway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)">I-495</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a>, with mileposts increasing counterclockwise because part of that road is also part of <a href="/wiki/I-95" class="mw-redirect" title="I-95">I-95</a>. </p><p>Most Interstate Highways use distance-based <a href="/wiki/Exit_numbers_in_the_United_States" title="Exit numbers in the United States">exit numbers</a> so that the exit number is the same as the nearest mile marker. If multiple exits occur within the same mile, letter suffixes may be appended to the numbers in alphabetical order starting with A.<sup id="cite_ref-INDOT-Understanding_Interstate_Route_Numbering,_Mile_Markers_&_Exit_Numbering_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INDOT-Understanding_Interstate_Route_Numbering,_Mile_Markers_&_Exit_Numbering-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small number of Interstate Highways (mostly in the Northeastern United States) use sequential-based exit numbering schemes (where each exit is numbered in order starting with 1, without regard for the mile markers on the road). One Interstate Highway, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_19" title="Interstate 19">I-19</a> in Arizona, is signed with kilometer-based exit numbers. In the state of New York, most Interstate Highways use sequential exit numbering, with some exceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-Is_New_York_State_planning_to_change_its_Interstate_exit_numbering_system_from_a_sequential_system_to_a_distance-based_milepost_system?_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Is_New_York_State_planning_to_change_its_Interstate_exit_numbering_system_from_a_sequential_system_to_a_distance-based_milepost_system?-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_routes">Business routes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Business routes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:228px;max-width:228px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Standard Interstate shields</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Business_Loop_80.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Business Loop Interstate 80 shield marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Business_Loop_80.svg/110px-Business_Loop_80.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Business_Loop_80.svg/165px-Business_Loop_80.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Business_Loop_80.svg/220px-Business_Loop_80.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Business_Spur_80.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Business Spur Interstate 80 shield marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Business_Spur_80.svg/110px-Business_Spur_80.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Business_Spur_80.svg/165px-Business_Spur_80.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Business_Spur_80.svg/220px-Business_Spur_80.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Markers for Business Loop Interstate 80 (left) and Business Spur Interstate 80 (right)</div></div></div></div> <p>AASHTO defines a category of special routes separate from primary and auxiliary Interstate designations. These routes do not have to comply to Interstate construction or limited-access standards but are routes that may be identified and approved by the association. The same route marking policy applies to both US Numbered Highways and Interstate Highways; however, <a href="/wiki/Business_route" title="Business route">business route</a> designations are sometimes used for Interstate Highways.<sup id="cite_ref-aashto_ho1_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aashto_ho1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Known as <a href="/wiki/List_of_business_routes_of_the_Interstate_Highway_System" title="List of business routes of the Interstate Highway System">Business Loops and Business Spurs</a>, these routes principally travel through the corporate limits of a city, passing through the central business district when the regular route is directed around the city. They also use a green shield instead of the red and blue shield.<sup id="cite_ref-aashto_ho1_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aashto_ho1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example would be <a href="/wiki/Interstate_75_Business_(Pontiac,_Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 75 Business (Pontiac, Michigan)">Business Loop Interstate 75</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac, Michigan</a>, which follows surface roads into and through downtown. Sections of BL I-75's routing had been part of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_10_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 10 in Michigan">US 10</a> and <a href="/wiki/M-24_(Michigan_highway)" title="M-24 (Michigan highway)">M-24</a>, predecessors of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_75_in_Michigan" title="Interstate 75 in Michigan">I-75</a> in the area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financing">Financing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Financing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:787NorthEnd.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/787NorthEnd.JPG/220px-787NorthEnd.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/787NorthEnd.JPG/330px-787NorthEnd.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/787NorthEnd.JPG/440px-787NorthEnd.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Interstate_787" title="Interstate 787">I‑787</a> in <a href="/wiki/Watervliet,_New_York" title="Watervliet, New York">Watervliet</a>, New York, showing the exit 8 <a href="/wiki/Diamond_interchange" title="Diamond interchange">diamond interchange</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Interstate Highways and their rights-of-way are owned by the state in which they were built. The last federally owned portion of the Interstate System was the <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Bridge" title="Woodrow Wilson Bridge">Woodrow Wilson Bridge</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Capital_Beltway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)">Washington Capital Beltway</a>. The new bridge was completed in 2009 and is collectively owned by Virginia and Maryland.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maintenance is generally the responsibility of the state department of transportation. However, there are some segments of Interstate owned and maintained by local authorities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxes_and_user_fees">Taxes and user fees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Taxes and user fees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About 70 percent of the construction and maintenance costs of Interstate Highways in the United States have been paid through user fees, primarily the <a href="/wiki/Fuel_tax" title="Fuel tax">fuel taxes</a> collected by the federal, state, and local governments. To a much lesser extent they have been paid for by tolls collected on <a href="/wiki/Toll_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Toll highway">toll highways</a> and bridges. The federal gasoline tax was first imposed in 1932 at one cent per gallon; during the Eisenhower administration, the <a href="/wiki/Highway_Trust_Fund" title="Highway Trust Fund">Highway Trust Fund</a>, established by the Highway Revenue Act in 1956, prescribed a three-cent-per-gallon fuel tax, soon increased to 4.5 cents per gallon. Since 1993 the tax has remained at 18.4 cents per gallon.<sup id="cite_ref-FHWA_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FHWA-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other excise taxes related to highway travel also accumulated in the Highway Trust Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-FHWA_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FHWA-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, that fund was sufficient for the federal portion of building the Interstate system, built in the early years with "10 cent dollars", from the perspective of the states, as the federal government paid 90% of the costs while the state paid 10%. The system grew more rapidly than the rate of the taxes on fuel and other aspects of driving (e. g., excise tax on tires). </p><p>The rest of the costs of these highways are borne by general fund receipts, bond issues, designated property taxes, and other taxes. The federal contribution is funded primarily through <a href="/wiki/Fuel_tax" title="Fuel tax">fuel taxes</a> and through transfers from the Treasury's general fund.<sup id="cite_ref-ShirleyCBO_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShirleyCBO-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local government contributions are overwhelmingly from sources besides user fees.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As decades passed in the 20th century and into the 21st century, the portion of the user fees spent on highways themselves covers about 57 percent of their costs, with about one-sixth of the user fees being sent to other programs, including the <a href="/wiki/Mass_transit_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass transit system">mass transit systems</a> in large cities. Some large sections of Interstate Highways that were planned or constructed before 1956 are still operated as toll roads, for example the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Turnpike" title="Massachusetts Turnpike">Massachusetts Turnpike</a> (I-90), the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Thruway" title="New York State Thruway">New York State Thruway</a> (I-87 and I-90), and <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Turnpike" title="Kansas Turnpike">Kansas Turnpike</a> (I-35, I-335, I-470, I-70). Others have had their construction bonds paid off and they have become toll-free, such as the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Turnpike" title="Connecticut Turnpike">Connecticut Turnpike</a> (I‑95, I-395), the <a href="/wiki/Richmond-Petersburg_Turnpike" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike">Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike</a> in Virginia (also I‑95), and the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Turnpike" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Turnpike">Kentucky Turnpike</a> (I‑65). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bird%27s_Eye_75_(31948398834).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bird%27s_Eye_75_%2831948398834%29.jpg/150px-Bird%27s_Eye_75_%2831948398834%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bird%27s_Eye_75_%2831948398834%29.jpg/225px-Bird%27s_Eye_75_%2831948398834%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bird%27s_Eye_75_%2831948398834%29.jpg/300px-Bird%27s_Eye_75_%2831948398834%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>A view of I-75 in Atlanta, Georgia, featuring <a href="/wiki/HOV_lane" class="mw-redirect" title="HOV lane">HOV lanes</a> running alongside the median</figcaption></figure> <p>As American suburbs have expanded, the costs incurred in maintaining freeway infrastructure have also grown, leaving little in the way of funds for new Interstate construction.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has led to the proliferation of toll roads (turnpikes) as the new method of building limited-access highways in suburban areas. Some Interstates are privately maintained (for example, the VMS company maintains I‑35 in Texas)<sup id="cite_ref-vmsom_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vmsom-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to meet rising costs of maintenance and allow state departments of transportation to focus on serving the fastest-growing regions in their states. </p><p>Parts of the Interstate System might have to be tolled in the future to meet maintenance and expansion demands, as has been done with adding toll <a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_vehicle_lane" title="High-occupancy vehicle lane">HOV</a>/<a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_toll_lane" title="High-occupancy toll lane">HOT lanes</a> in cities such as <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>. Although part of the tolling is an effect of the <a href="/wiki/SAFETEA%E2%80%91LU" class="mw-redirect" title="SAFETEA‑LU">SAFETEA‑LU</a> act, which has put an emphasis on toll roads as a means to reduce congestion,<sup id="cite_ref-cobbrides_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cobbrides-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atlanta_hov_future_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlanta_hov_future-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> present federal law does not allow for a state to change a freeway section to a tolled section for all traffic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tolls">Tolls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Tolls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Tolled_sections_of_Interstate_Highways" title="Category:Tolled sections of Interstate Highways">Category:Tolled sections of Interstate Highways</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2022-07-31_12_16_28_View_west_along_Interstate_76_(Pennsylvania_Turnpike_Philadelphia_Extension)_just_west_of_Exit_320_in_Charlestown_Township,_Chester_County,_Pennsylvania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2022-07-31_12_16_28_View_west_along_Interstate_76_%28Pennsylvania_Turnpike_Philadelphia_Extension%29_just_west_of_Exit_320_in_Charlestown_Township%2C_Chester_County%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2022-07-31_12_16_28_View_west_along_Interstate_76_%28Pennsylvania_Turnpike_Philadelphia_Extension%29_just_west_of_Exit_320_in_Charlestown_Township%2C_Chester_County%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2022-07-31_12_16_28_View_west_along_Interstate_76_%28Pennsylvania_Turnpike_Philadelphia_Extension%29_just_west_of_Exit_320_in_Charlestown_Township%2C_Chester_County%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Interstate_76_(Ohio%E2%80%93New_Jersey)" title="Interstate 76 (Ohio–New Jersey)">I-76</a> trailblazer along the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Turnpike" title="Pennsylvania Turnpike">Pennsylvania Turnpike</a> with the black-on-yellow "Toll" sign</figcaption></figure> <p>About 2,900 miles (4,700 km) of toll roads are included in the Interstate Highway System.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While federal legislation initially banned the collection of tolls on Interstates, many of the toll roads on the system were either completed or under construction when the Interstate Highway System was established. Since these highways provided logical connections to other parts of the system, they were designated as Interstate highways. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> also decided that it was too costly to either build toll-free Interstates parallel to these toll roads, or directly repay all the bondholders who financed these facilities and remove the tolls. Thus, these toll roads were <a href="/wiki/Grandfather_clause" title="Grandfather clause">grandfathered</a> into the Interstate Highway System.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toll roads designated as Interstates (such as the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Turnpike" title="Massachusetts Turnpike">Massachusetts Turnpike</a>) were typically allowed to continue collecting tolls, but are generally ineligible to receive federal funds for maintenance and improvements. Some toll roads that did receive federal funds to finance emergency repairs (notably the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Turnpike" title="Connecticut Turnpike">Connecticut Turnpike</a> (I-95) following the <a href="/wiki/Mianus_River_Bridge" title="Mianus River Bridge">Mianus River Bridge</a> collapse) were required to remove tolls as soon as the highway's construction bonds were paid off. In addition, these toll facilities were grandfathered from <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_standards" title="Interstate Highway standards">Interstate Highway standards</a>. A notable example is the western approach to the <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Bridge" title="Benjamin Franklin Bridge">Benjamin Franklin Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Interstate_676" title="Interstate 676">I-676</a> has a surface street section through a historic area. </p><p>Policies on toll facilities and Interstate Highways have since changed. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration">Federal Highway Administration</a> has allowed some states to collect tolls on existing Interstate Highways, while a recent extension of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_376" title="Interstate 376">I-376</a> included a section of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Route_60" title="Pennsylvania Route 60">Pennsylvania Route 60</a> that was tolled by the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Turnpike_Commission" title="Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission">Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission</a> before receiving Interstate designation. Also, newer toll facilities (like the tolled section of I-376, which was built in the early 1990s) must conform to Interstate standards. A new addition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices" title="Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices">Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices</a></i> in 2009 requires a black-on-yellow "Toll" sign to be placed above the Interstate trailblazer on Interstate Highways that collect tolls.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Legislation passed in 2005 known as <a href="/wiki/SAFETEA-LU" class="mw-redirect" title="SAFETEA-LU">SAFETEA-LU</a>, encouraged states to construct new Interstate Highways through "innovative financing" methods. SAFETEA-LU facilitated states to pursue innovative financing by easing the restrictions on building interstates as toll roads, either through state agencies or through <a href="/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership" title="Public–private partnership">public–private partnerships</a>. However, SAFETEA-LU left in place a prohibition of installing tolls on existing toll-free Interstates, and states wishing to toll such routes to finance upgrades and repairs must first seek approval from Congress. Many states have started using <a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_toll_lane" title="High-occupancy toll lane">High-occupancy toll lane</a> and other partial tolling methods, whereby certain lanes of highly congested freeways are tolled, while others are left free, allowing people to pay a fee to travel in less congested lanes. Examples of recent projects to add HOT lanes to existing freeways include the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_HOT_lanes" title="Virginia HOT lanes">Virginia HOT lanes</a> on the Virginia portions of the <a href="/wiki/Capital_Beltway" title="Capital Beltway">Capital Beltway</a> and other related interstate highways (I-95, I-495, I-395) and the addition of express toll lanes to <a href="/wiki/Interstate_77_in_North_Carolina" title="Interstate 77 in North Carolina">Interstate 77 in North Carolina</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_metropolitan_area" title="Charlotte metropolitan area">Charlotte metropolitan area</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chargeable_and_non-chargeable_Interstate_routes">Chargeable and non-chargeable Interstate routes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Chargeable and non-chargeable Interstate routes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interstate Highways financed with federal funds are known as "chargeable" Interstate routes, and are considered part of the 42,000-mile (68,000 km) network of highways. Federal laws also allow "non-chargeable" Interstate routes, highways funded similarly to state and US Highways to be signed as Interstates, if they both meet the Interstate Highway standards and are logical additions or connections to the system.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These additions fall under two categories: routes that already meet Interstate standards, and routes not yet upgraded to Interstate standards. Only routes that meet Interstate standards may be signed as Interstates once their proposed number is approved.<sup id="cite_ref-FHWA2_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FHWA2-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signage">Signage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Signage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interstate_shield">Interstate shield</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Interstate shield"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_interstate_shield_proposals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three black and white submissions, the third being similar to the modern Interstate Highway shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Texas_interstate_shield_proposals.jpg/220px-Texas_interstate_shield_proposals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Texas_interstate_shield_proposals.jpg/330px-Texas_interstate_shield_proposals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Texas_interstate_shield_proposals.jpg/440px-Texas_interstate_shield_proposals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>Several Interstate shield design proposals submitted by the Texas Highway Department</figcaption></figure> <p>Interstate Highways are signed by a number placed on a red, white, and blue <a href="/wiki/Highway_shield" title="Highway shield">sign</a>. The shield design itself is a <a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered trademark">registered trademark</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials" title="American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials">American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colors red, white, and blue were chosen because they are the colors of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">American flag</a>. In the original design, the name of the state was displayed above the highway number, but in many states, this area is now left blank, allowing for the printing of larger and more-legible digits. Signs with the shield alone are placed periodically throughout each Interstate as <a href="/wiki/Reassurance_marker" title="Reassurance marker">reassurance markers</a>. These signs usually measure 36 inches (91 cm) high, and are 36 inches (91 cm) wide for two-digit Interstates or 45 inches (110 cm) for three-digit Interstates.<sup id="cite_ref-SHS_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHS-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Interstate business loops and spurs use a special shield in which the red and blue are replaced with green, the word "BUSINESS" appears instead of "INTERSTATE", and the word "SPUR" or "LOOP" usually appears above the number.<sup id="cite_ref-SHS_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHS-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The green shield is employed to mark the main route through a city's central business district, which intersects the associated Interstate at one (spur) or both (loop) ends of the business route. The route usually traverses the main thoroughfare(s) of the city's downtown area or other major business district.<sup id="cite_ref-MUTCD2D_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MUTCD2D-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A city may have more than one Interstate-derived business route, depending on the number of Interstates passing through a city and the number of significant business districts therein.<sup id="cite_ref-MDOT11_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MDOT11-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over time, the design of the Interstate shield has changed. In 1957 the Interstate shield designed by <a href="/wiki/Texas_Highway_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Highway Department">Texas Highway Department</a> employee Richard Oliver was introduced, the winner of a contest that included 100 entries;<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the time, the shield color was a dark navy blue and only 17 inches (43 cm) wide.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices" title="Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices">Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices</a></i> (MUTCD) standards revised the shield in the 1961,<sup id="cite_ref-MUTDC61_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MUTDC61-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-MUTDC71_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MUTDC71-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1978<sup id="cite_ref-MUTDC78_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MUTDC78-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> editions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exit_numbering">Exit numbering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Exit numbering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Special:EditPage/Interstate Highway System">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The majority of Interstates have <a href="/wiki/Exit_number" title="Exit number">exit numbers</a>. Like other highways, Interstates feature <a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_the_United_States#Guide_signs" title="Road signs in the United States">guide signs</a> that list <a href="/wiki/Control_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Control cities">control cities</a> to help direct drivers through interchanges and exits toward their desired destination. All <a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_the_United_States" title="Road signs in the United States">traffic signs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lane" title="Lane">lane</a> markings on the Interstates are supposed to be designed in compliance with the <a href="/wiki/Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices" title="Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices">Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices</a> (MUTCD). There are, however, many local and regional variations in signage. </p><p>For many years, California was the only state that did not use an exit numbering system. It was granted an exemption in the 1950s due to having an already largely completed and signed highway system; placing exit number signage across the state was deemed too expensive. To control costs, California began to incorporate exit numbers on its freeways in 2002—Interstate, US, and state routes alike. <a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Transportation" title="California Department of Transportation">Caltrans</a> commonly installs exit number signage only when a freeway or interchange is built, reconstructed, retrofitted, or repaired, and it is usually tacked onto the top-right corner of an already existing sign. Newer signs along the freeways follow this practice as well. Most exits along California's Interstates now have exit number signage, particularly in rural areas. California, however, still does not use mileposts, although a few exist for experiments or for special purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (March 2017)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2010–2011, the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Toll_Highway_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois State Toll Highway Authority">Illinois State Toll Highway Authority</a> posted all new mile markers to be uniform with the rest of the state on I‑90 (Jane Addams Memorial/Northwest Tollway) and the I‑94 section of the Tri‑State Tollway, which previously had matched the I‑294 section starting in the south at I‑80/I‑94/IL Route 394. This also applied to the tolled portion of the Ronald Reagan Tollway (I-88). The tollway also added exit number tabs to the exits.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Exit numbers correspond to Interstate mileage markers in most states. On <a href="/wiki/Interstate_19" title="Interstate 19">I‑19</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, however, length is measured in kilometers instead of miles because, at the time of construction, <a href="/wiki/Metrication_in_the_United_States" title="Metrication in the United States">a push for the United States to change</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric system</a> of measurement had gained enough traction that it was mistakenly assumed that all highway measurements would eventually be changed to metric (and some distance signs retain metric distances);<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proximity to metric-using Mexico may also have been a factor, as I‑19 indirectly connects I‑10 to the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Highway" title="Mexican Federal Highway">Mexican Federal Highway</a> system via surface streets in <a href="/wiki/Nogales,_Arizona" title="Nogales, Arizona">Nogales</a>. Mileage count increases from west to east on most even-numbered Interstates; on odd-numbered Interstates mileage count increases from south to north. </p><p>Some highways, including the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Thruway" title="New York State Thruway">New York State Thruway</a>, use sequential exit-numbering schemes. Exits on the New York State Thruway count up from <a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers</a> traveling north, and then west from Albany. I‑87 in New York State is numbered in three sections. The first section makes up the <a href="/wiki/Major_Deegan_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Deegan Expressway">Major Deegan Expressway</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>, with interchanges numbered sequentially from 1 to 14. The second section of I‑87 is a part of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Thruway" title="New York State Thruway">New York State Thruway</a> that starts in Yonkers (exit 1) and continues north to Albany (exit 24); at Albany, the Thruway turns west and becomes I‑90 for exits 25 to 61. From Albany north to the Canadian border, the exits on I‑87 are numbered sequentially from 1 to 44 along the <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Northway" class="mw-redirect" title="Adirondack Northway">Adirondack Northway</a>. This often leads to confusion as there is more than one exit on I‑87 with the same number. For example, exit 4 on Thruway section of I‑87 connects with the Cross County Parkway in Yonkers, but exit 4 on the Northway is the exit for the Albany airport. These two exits share a number but are located 150 miles (240 km) apart. </p><p>Many northeastern states label exit numbers sequentially, regardless of how many miles have passed between exits. States in which Interstate exits are still numbered sequentially are Connecticut, Delaware, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont; as such, three of the main Interstate Highways that remain completely within these states (<a href="/wiki/Interstate_87_(New_York)" title="Interstate 87 (New York)">87</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_88_(New_York)" title="Interstate 88 (New York)">88</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_89" title="Interstate 89">89</a>) have interchanges numbered sequentially along their entire routes. Maine, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Georgia, and Florida followed this system for a number of years, but have since converted to mileage-based exit numbers. Georgia renumbered in 2000, while Maine did so in 2004. Massachusetts converted its exit numbers in 2021, and most recently Rhode Island in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Turnpike" title="Pennsylvania Turnpike">Pennsylvania Turnpike</a> uses both mile marker numbers and sequential numbers. Mile marker numbers are used for signage, while sequential numbers are used for numbering interchanges internally. The <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Turnpike" title="New Jersey Turnpike">New Jersey Turnpike</a>, including the portions that are signed as I‑95 and I‑78, also has sequential numbering, but other Interstates within New Jersey use mile markers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sign_locations">Sign locations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sign locations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are four common signage methods on Interstates: </p> <ul><li>Locating a sign on the ground to the side of the highway, mostly the right, and is used to denote exits, as well as <a href="/wiki/Rest_area" title="Rest area">rest areas</a>, motorist services such as gas and lodging, recreational sites, and freeway names</li> <li>Attaching the sign to an overpass</li> <li>Mounting on full <a href="/wiki/Gantry_(road_sign)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gantry (road sign)">gantries</a> that bridge the entire width of the highway and often show two or more signs</li> <li>Mounting on half-gantries that are located on one side of the highway, like a ground-mounted sign</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miami_traffic_jam,_I-95_North_rush_hour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Miami_traffic_jam%2C_I-95_North_rush_hour.jpg/220px-Miami_traffic_jam%2C_I-95_North_rush_hour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Miami_traffic_jam%2C_I-95_North_rush_hour.jpg/330px-Miami_traffic_jam%2C_I-95_North_rush_hour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Miami_traffic_jam%2C_I-95_North_rush_hour.jpg/440px-Miami_traffic_jam%2C_I-95_North_rush_hour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4299" data-file-height="3225" /></a><figcaption>Motor vehicles on I-95 in Miami</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volume">Volume</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Volume"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Heaviest traveled</b>: 379,000 vehicles per day: <a href="/wiki/Interstate_405_(California)" title="Interstate 405 (California)">I-405</a> in Los Angeles, California (2011 estimate).<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elevation">Elevation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Elevation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Highest</b>: 11,158 feet (3,401 m): <a href="/wiki/Interstate_70_in_Colorado" title="Interstate 70 in Colorado">I-70</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Tunnel" title="Eisenhower Tunnel">Eisenhower Tunnel</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Divide_of_the_Americas" title="Continental Divide of the Americas">Continental Divide</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Interstate_Highway_System_Fact_Sheet_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interstate_Highway_System_Fact_Sheet-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Lowest (land)</b>: −52 feet (−16 m): <a href="/wiki/Interstate_8" title="Interstate 8">I-8</a> at the <a href="/wiki/New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)" title="New River (Mexico–United States)">New River</a> near <a href="/wiki/Seeley,_California" title="Seeley, California">Seeley, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Interstate_Highway_System_Fact_Sheet_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interstate_Highway_System_Fact_Sheet-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Lowest (underwater)</b>: −103 feet (−31 m): <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Maryland" title="Interstate 95 in Maryland">I-95</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry_Tunnel" title="Fort McHenry Tunnel">Fort McHenry Tunnel</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Harbor" title="Inner Harbor">Baltimore Inner Harbor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Length">Length</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Length"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Longest (east–west)</b>: 3,020.54 miles (4,861.09 km): <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90" title="Interstate 90">I-90</a> from <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fhwa-facts-1_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhwa-facts-1-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fhwa-facts-2_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhwa-facts-2-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Longest (north–south)</b>: 1,908 mi (3,071 km): <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">I-95</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canadian border</a> near <a href="/wiki/Houlton,_Maine" title="Houlton, Maine">Houlton, Maine</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fhwa-facts-1_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhwa-facts-1-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sofield_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sofield-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Shortest (two-digit)</b>: 1.40 mi (2.25 km): <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69W" title="Interstate 69W">I-69W</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Shortest (auxiliary)</b>: 0.70 mi (1.13 km): <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Route_878#Northern_segment" title="New York State Route 878">I-878</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Longest segment between state lines</b>: 877 mi (1,411 km): <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10_in_Texas" title="Interstate 10 in Texas">I-10 in Texas</a> from the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> state line near <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> state line near <a href="/wiki/Orange,_Texas" title="Orange, Texas">Orange, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Shortest segment between state lines</b>: 453 ft (138 m): <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_the_District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 95 in the District of Columbia">I-95</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Capital_Beltway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)">I-495</a> (Capital Beltway) on the <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Bridge" title="Woodrow Wilson Bridge">Woodrow Wilson Bridge</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> where they briefly cross the southernmost tip of the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">District of Columbia</a> between its borders with <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fhwa-facts-2_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhwa-facts-2-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Longest concurrency</b>: 278.4 mi (448.0 km): <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80" title="Interstate 80">I-80</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90" title="Interstate 90">I-90</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gary,_Indiana" title="Gary, Indiana">Gary, Indiana</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Elyria,_Ohio" title="Elyria, Ohio">Elyria, Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-route-finder_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-route-finder-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="States">States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Most states served by an Interstate</b>: 15 states plus the District of Columbia: <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">I-95</a> through <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Florida" title="Interstate 95 in Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Georgia" title="Interstate 95 in Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_South_Carolina" title="Interstate 95 in South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_North_Carolina" title="Interstate 95 in North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 95 in Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_the_District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 95 in the District of Columbia">DC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Maryland" title="Interstate 95 in Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Delaware" title="Interstate 95 in Delaware">Delaware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Pennsylvania" title="Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_New_Jersey" title="Interstate 95 in New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_New_York" title="Interstate 95 in New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Connecticut" title="Interstate 95 in Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Rhode_Island" title="Interstate 95 in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Massachusetts" title="Interstate 95 in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_New_Hampshire" title="Interstate 95 in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Maine" title="Interstate 95 in Maine">Maine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fhwa-facts-1_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhwa-facts-1-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Most Interstates in a state</b>: 32 routes: New York, totaling 1,750.66 mi (2,817.41 km)<sup id="cite_ref-fhwa_route_log_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhwa_route_log-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Most primary Interstates in a state</b>: 13 routes: Illinois<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fhwa_route_log_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhwa_route_log-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Most Interstate mileage in a state</b>: 3,233.45 mi (5,203.73 km): Texas, in 17 different routes.<sup id="cite_ref-fhwa-facts-1_100-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhwa-facts-1-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Fewest Interstates in a state</b>: 3 routes: Delaware, New Mexico, North Dakota, and Rhode Island. Puerto Rico also has 3 routes.<sup id="cite_ref-fhwa_route_log_107-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhwa_route_log-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Fewest primary Interstates in a state</b>: 1 route: Delaware, Maine, and Rhode Island (I-95 in each case).<sup id="cite_ref-fhwa_route_log_107-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhwa_route_log-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Least Interstate mileage in a state</b>: 40.61 mi (65.36 km): Delaware, in 3 different routes.<sup id="cite_ref-fhwa_route_log_107-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhwa_route_log-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_and_reception">Impact and reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Impact and reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the passage of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, passenger rail declined sharply as did freight rail for a short time, but the trucking industry expanded dramatically and the cost of shipping and travel fell sharply.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Need source for costs of shipping and travel (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Suburbanization" title="Suburbanization">Suburbanization</a> became possible, with the rapid growth of larger, sprawling, and more car-dependent housing than was available in central cities, enabling <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> by <a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">white flight</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sense of isolationism developed in suburbs, with suburbanites wanting to keep urban areas disconnected from the suburbs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourism dramatically expanded, creating a demand for more service stations, motels, restaurants and visitor attractions. The Interstate System was the basis for urban expansion in the Sun Belt, and many urban areas in the region are thus very car-dependent.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highways may have contributed to increased economic productivity in, and thereby increased migration to, the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Belt" title="Sun Belt">Sun Belt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In rural areas, towns and small cities off the grid lost out as shoppers followed the interstate and new factories were located near them.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The system had a profound effect on interstate shipping. The Interstate Highway System was being constructed at the same time as the <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_container" title="Intermodal container">intermodal shipping container</a> made its debut. These containers could be placed on trailers behind trucks and shipped across the country with ease. A new road network and shipping containers that could be easily moved from ship to train to truck, meant that overseas manufacturers and domestic startups could get their products to market quicker than ever, allowing for accelerated economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-fox1_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox1-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forty years after its construction, the Interstate Highway system returned on investment, making $6<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (March 2024)">among whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> for every $1 spent on the project.<sup id="cite_ref-Cox_&_Love_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox_&_Love-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to research by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration">FHWA</a>, "from 1950 to 1989, approximately one-quarter of the nation's productivity increase is attributable to increased investment in the highway system."<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The system had a particularly strong effect in Southern states, where major highways were inadequate<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. The new system facilitated the relocation of heavy manufacturing to the South and spurred the development of Southern-based corporations like <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> (in Arkansas) and <a href="/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx">FedEx</a> (in Tennessee).<sup id="cite_ref-fox1_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox1-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Interstate Highway System also dramatically affected American culture, contributing to cars becoming more central to the American identity. Before, driving was considered an excursion that required some amount of skill and could have some chance of unpredictability. With the standardization of signs, road widths and rules, certain unpredictabilities lessened. Justin Fox wrote, "By making road more reliable and by making Americans more reliant on them, they took away most of the adventure and romance associated with driving."<sup id="cite_ref-fox1_116-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox1-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Interstate Highway System has been criticized for contributing to the decline of some cities that were divided by Interstates, and for displacing minority neighborhoods in urban centers.<sup id="cite_ref-StrombergVox_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StrombergVox-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1957 and 1977, the Interstate System alone displaced over 475,000 households and one million people across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-GamboaNBC_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GamboaNBC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Highways have also been criticized for increasing racial segregation by creating physical barriers between neighborhoods,<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for overall reductions in available housing and population in neighborhoods affected by highway construction.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other critics have blamed the Interstate Highway System for the decline of <a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">public transportation in the United States</a> since the 1950s,<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which minorities and low-income residents are three to six times more likely to use.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previous highways, such as <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66" title="U.S. Route 66">US 66</a>, were also bypassed by the new Interstate system, turning countless rural communities along the way into ghost towns.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Interstate System has also contributed to continued resistance against new public transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_110-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Interstate Highway System had a negative impact on minority groups, especially in urban areas. Even though the government used <a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain_in_the_United_States" title="Eminent domain in the United States">eminent domain</a> to obtain land for the Interstates, it was still economical to build where land was cheapest. This cheap land was often located in predominately minority areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not only were minority neighborhoods destroyed, but in some cities the Interstates were used to divide white and minority neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_110-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These practices were common in cities both in the North and South, including <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, and many other cities. The division and destruction of neighborhoods led to the limitation of employment and other opportunities, which deteriorated the economic fabric of neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neighborhoods bordering Interstates have a much higher level of particulate <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution_in_the_United_States" title="Air pollution in the United States">air pollution</a> and are more likely to be chosen for polluting industrial facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_122-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blank_shield.svg/29px-Blank_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blank_shield.svg/43px-Blank_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blank_shield.svg/58px-Blank_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1485" data-file-height="1440" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:U.S._Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:U.S. Roads">U.S. Roads portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highway_systems_by_country" title="Highway systems by country">Highway systems by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_controlled-access_highway_systems" title="List of controlled-access highway systems">List of controlled-access highway systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-motorized_access_on_freeways" title="Non-motorized access on freeways">Non-motorized access on freeways</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-hm20_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hm20-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This counts the suffixed routes in Texas (<a href="/wiki/I-35E_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="I-35E (Texas)">I-35E</a>, <a href="/wiki/I-35W_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="I-35W (Texas)">I-35W</a>, <a href="/wiki/I-69E" class="mw-redirect" title="I-69E">I-69E</a>, <a href="/wiki/I-69C" class="mw-redirect" title="I-69C">I-69C</a>, and <a href="/wiki/I-69W" class="mw-redirect" title="I-69W">I-69W</a>) as auxiliary routes or parts of the same primary Interstate and not separate primary Interstates.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FAHA56-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAHA56_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWeingroff1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Weingroff, Richard F. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Roads&rft.atitle=Federal-Aid+Highway+Act+of+1956%2C+Creating+the+Interstate+System&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1996&rft.issn=0033-3735&rft.aulast=Weingroff&rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhighways.dot.gov%2Fpublic-roads%2Fsummer-1996%2Ffederal-aid-highway-act-1956-creating-interstate-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hm20-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hm20_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hm20_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_Highway_Policy_Information2024" class="citation book cs1">Office of Highway Policy Information (January 12, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics/2022/hm20.cfm"><i>Table HM-20: Public Road Length, 2022, Miles By Functional System</i></a> (Report). Federal Highway Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Table+HM-20%3A+Public+Road+Length%2C+2022%2C+Miles+By+Functional+System&rft.pub=Federal+Highway+Administration&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft.au=Office+of+Highway+Policy+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhwa.dot.gov%2Fpolicyinformation%2Fstatistics%2F2022%2Fhm20.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StrombergVox-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StrombergVox_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StrombergVox_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStromberg2016" class="citation news cs1">Stromberg, Joseph (May 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2015/5/14/8605917/highways-interstate-cities-history">"Highways Gutted American Cities. So Why Did They Build Them?"</a>. <i>Vox</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190425175726/https://www.vox.com/2015/5/14/8605917/highways-interstate-cities-history">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Highways+Gutted+American+Cities.+So+Why+Did+They+Build+Them%3F&rft.date=2016-05-11&rft.aulast=Stromberg&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2015%2F5%2F14%2F8605917%2Fhighways-interstate-cities-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GamboaNBC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GamboaNBC_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GamboaNBC_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGamboaMcCauslandLedermanPopken2021" class="citation news cs1">Gamboa, Suzanne; McCausland, Phil; Lederman, Josh; Popken, Ben (June 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/specials/america-highways-inequality/">"Bulldozed and bisected: Highway construction built a legacy of inequality"</a>. NBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bulldozed+and+bisected%3A+Highway+construction+built+a+legacy+of+inequality&rft.date=2021-06-18&rft.aulast=Gamboa&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft.au=McCausland%2C+Phil&rft.au=Lederman%2C+Josh&rft.au=Popken%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fspecials%2Famerica-highways-inequality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ShirleyCBO-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ShirleyCBO_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ShirleyCBO_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirley2023" class="citation report cs1">Shirley, Chad (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbo.gov/publication/59634">Testimony on the Status of the Highway Trust Fund: 2023 Update</a> (Report). Congressional Budget Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Testimony+on+the+Status+of+the+Highway+Trust+Fund%3A+2023+Update&rft.pub=Congressional+Budget+Office&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Shirley&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbo.gov%2Fpublication%2F59634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_Highway_Policy_Information2024" class="citation book cs1">Office of Highway Policy Information (February 5, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics/2022/vm1.cfm"><i>Table VM-1: Annual Vehicle Distance Traveled in Miles and Related Data, 2022, by Highway Category and Vehicle Type</i></a> (Report). Federal Highway Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Table+VM-1%3A+Annual+Vehicle+Distance+Traveled+in+Miles+and+Related+Data%2C+2022%2C+by+Highway+Category+and+Vehicle+Type&rft.pub=Federal+Highway+Administration&rft.date=2024-02-05&rft.au=Office+of+Highway+Policy+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhwa.dot.gov%2Fpolicyinformation%2Fstatistics%2F2022%2Fvm1.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Center_for_Statistics_and_Analysis2024" class="citation report cs1">National Center for Statistics and Analysis (May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/813581">Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2023</a> (Report). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. DOT HS 813 581<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(December 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schwantes152-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schwantes152_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schwantes152_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchwantes2003">Schwantes (2003)</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNichol2006a" class="citation book cs1">McNichol, Dan (2006a). <i>The Roads That Built America: The Incredible Story of the U.S. Interstate System</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Eisenhower+and+History%27s+Worst+Cross-Country+Road+Trip&rft.date=2015-08-24&rft.aulast=Laskow&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fhuman-interest%2F2015%2F08%2Fin-1919-eisenhower-took-a-disastrous-road-trip-that-led-to-his-support-of-the-modern-paved-highway.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aashto_ho2-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aashto_ho2_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aashto_ho2_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aashto_ho2_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aashto_ho2_61-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aashto_ho2_61-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aashto_ho2_61-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials" title="American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials">American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials</a> (January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061101234238/http://cms.transportation.org/sites/route/docs/HO2_Policy_Retention_HO1.pdf">"Establishment of a Marking System of the Routes Comprising the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cms.transportation.org/sites/route/docs/HO2_Policy_Retention_HO1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 1, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Highway+Numerology+Muddled+by+Potholes+in+Logic&rft.pages=B2&rft.date=2001-11-13&rft.aulast=Fausset&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2001-nov-13-me-3653-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNichol2006a">McNichol (2006a)</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rambler_20050118-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rambler_20050118_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeingroff2005" class="citation web cs1">Weingroff, Richard F. (January 18, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/i76.cfm">"Was I-76 Numbered to Honor Philadelphia for Independence Day, 1776?"</a>. <i>Ask the Rambler</i>. Federal Highway Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703012425/https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/i76.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ask+the+Rambler&rft.atitle=Was+I-76+Numbered+to+Honor+Philadelphia+for+Independence+Day%2C+1776%3F&rft.date=2005-01-18&rft.aulast=Weingroff&rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhwa.dot.gov%2Finfrastructure%2Fi76.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fhwa-faq19-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fhwa-faq19_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Highway_Administrationn.d." class="citation web cs1">Federal Highway Administration (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://highways.dot.gov/highway-history/interstate-system/50th-anniversary/interstate-frequently-asked-questions">"Interstate FAQ"</a>. Federal Highway Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130507121442/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/interstate/faq.htm#question19">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2009</span>. <q>Proposed I-41 in Wisconsin and partly completed I-74 in North Carolina respectively are possible and current exceptions not adhering to the guideline. It is not known if the US Highways with the same numbers will be retained in the states upon completion of the Interstate routes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interstate+FAQ&rft.pub=Federal+Highway+Administration&rft.au=Federal+Highway+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhighways.dot.gov%2Fhighway-history%2Finterstate-system%2F50th-anniversary%2Finterstate-frequently-asked-questions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEssex2013" class="citation news cs1">Essex, Allen (May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227191039/http://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/valley/article_cbb0e04a-c99b-11e2-8c72-001a4bcf6878.html?mode=jqm">"State Adds I-69 to Interstate System"</a>. <i>The Brownsville Herald</i>. 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Federal Highway Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605010643/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/index.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nallresearch.com/uploads/7/9/1/7/7917910/urbanhighways.pdf">"What Did Interstate Highways Do to Urban Neighborhoods?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nall Research</i>. p. 30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210403042929/http://www.nallresearch.com/uploads/7/9/1/7/7917910/urbanhighways.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nall+Research&rft.atitle=What+Did+Interstate+Highways+Do+to+Urban+Neighborhoods%3F&rft.pages=30&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Nall&rft.aufirst=Clayton&rft.au=O%27Keeffe%2C+Zachary+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nallresearch.com%2Fuploads%2F7%2F9%2F1%2F7%2F7917910%2Furbanhighways.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStromberg2015" class="citation news cs1">Stromberg, Joseph (August 10, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2015/8/10/9118199/public-transportation-subway-buses">"The Real Reason American Public Transportation Is Such a Disaster"</a>. <i>Vox</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190510182647/https://www.vox.com/2015/8/10/9118199/public-transportation-subway-buses">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=The+Real+Reason+American+Public+Transportation+Is+Such+a+Disaster&rft.date=2015-08-10&rft.aulast=Stromberg&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2015%2F8%2F10%2F9118199%2Fpublic-transportation-subway-buses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_122-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzgeraldAgyeman2021" class="citation web cs1">Fitzgerald, Joan; Agyeman, Julian (September 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/removing-urban-highways-can-improve-neighborhoods-blighted-by-decades-of-racist-policies-166220">"Removing urban highways can improve neighborhoods blighted by decades of racist policies"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Removing+urban+highways+can+improve+neighborhoods+blighted+by+decades+of+racist+policies&rft.date=2021-09-07&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.au=Agyeman%2C+Julian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fremoving-urban-highways-can-improve-neighborhoods-blighted-by-decades-of-racist-policies-166220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulten2018" class="citation book cs1">Schulten, Susan (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2g1uDwAAQBAJ&dq=how+many+small+towns+on+route+66+fell+into+decline+after+the+interstate&pg=PA229"><i>A History of America in 100 Maps</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-45861-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-45861-8"><bdi>978-0-226-45861-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+America+in+100+Maps&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-226-45861-8&rft.aulast=Schulten&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2g1uDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dhow%2Bmany%2Bsmall%2Btowns%2Bon%2Broute%2B66%2Bfell%2Binto%2Bdecline%2Bafter%2Bthe%2Binterstate%26pg%3DPA229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArcadi2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Arcadi, Teal (2022). "Partisanship and Permanence: How Congress Contested the Origins of the Interstate Highway System and the Future of American Infrastructure". <i>Modern American History</i>. Vol. 5. pp. 53–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fmah.2022.4">10.1017/mah.2022.4</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+American+History&rft.atitle=Partisanship+and+Permanence%3A+How+Congress+Contested+the+Origins+of+the+Interstate+Highway+System+and+the+Future+of+American+Infrastructure&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=53-77&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fmah.2022.4&rft.aulast=Arcadi&rft.aufirst=Teal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowning2011" class="citation book cs1">Browning, Edgar A (2011). <i>Roadbuilding Construction Equipment at Work: Building the Interstate Highways through New England's Green Mountains</i>. Icongrafix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58388-277-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58388-277-1"><bdi>978-1-58388-277-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roadbuilding+Construction+Equipment+at+Work%3A+Building+the+Interstate+Highways+through+New+England%27s+Green+Mountains&rft.pub=Icongrafix&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-58388-277-1&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=Edgar+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedlaender1965" class="citation book cs1">Friedlaender, Ann Fetter (1965). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interstatehighwa0000frie"><i>The Interstate Highway System. A Study in Public Investment</i></a></span>. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/498010">498010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Interstate+Highway+System.+A+Study+in+Public+Investment&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=North-Holland+Publishing&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F498010&rft.aulast=Friedlaender&rft.aufirst=Ann+Fetter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finterstatehighwa0000frie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanlon1997" class="citation book cs1">Hanlon, Martin D. (1997). <i>You Can Get There from Here: How the Interstate Highways Transformed America</i>. New York: Basingstoke. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-12909-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-12909-5"><bdi>978-0-312-12909-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=You+Can+Get+There+from+Here%3A+How+the+Interstate+Highways+Transformed+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basingstoke&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-312-12909-5&rft.aulast=Hanlon&rft.aufirst=Martin+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1997" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Tom (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dividedhighwaysb00lewi"><i>Divided Highways: Building the Interstate Highways, Transforming American Life</i></a></span>. New York: Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-86627-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-86627-4"><bdi>978-0-670-86627-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Divided+Highways%3A+Building+the+Interstate+Highways%2C+Transforming+American+Life&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-670-86627-4&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdividedhighwaysb00lewi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLichterFuguitt1980" class="citation magazine cs1">Lichter, Daniel T.; Fuguitt, Glenn V. (December 1980). "Demographic Response to Transportation Innovation: The Case of the Interstate Highway". <i>Social Forces</i>. Vol. 59, no. 2. pp. 492–512. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fsf%2F59.2.492">10.1093/sf/59.2.492</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2578033">2578033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Forces&rft.atitle=Demographic+Response+to+Transportation+Innovation%3A+The+Case+of+the+Interstate+Highway&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=492-512&rft.date=1980-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fsf%2F59.2.492&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2578033%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lichter&rft.aufirst=Daniel+T.&rft.au=Fuguitt%2C+Glenn+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose1990" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Mark H. (1990). <i>Interstate: Express Highway Politics 1939–1989</i>. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87049-671-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87049-671-4"><bdi>978-0-87049-671-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interstate%3A+Express+Highway+Politics+1939%E2%80%931989&rft.place=Knoxville&rft.pub=University+of+Tennessee+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87049-671-4&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Mark+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstate+Highway+System" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096941587">.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-error code{font-size:inherit;font-weight:normal;border:0}.mw-parser-output .kmldata,.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-wikidata{display:none}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right attached-kml"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Attached_KML/Interstate_Highway_System&action=raw">KML file</a></b> (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Attached_KML/Interstate_Highway_System&action=edit">edit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Help:Attached_KML" title="Help:Attached KML">help</a>)</span></div></div> </div><div class="kmldata" data-server="en.wikipedia.org" title="Template:Attached KML/Interstate Highway System"><a href="/wiki/Template:Attached_KML/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Template:Attached KML/Interstate Highway System">Template:Attached KML/Interstate Highway System</a></div><div title="KML & Wikidata" class="attached-kml-wikidata">KML is not from Wikidata</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Interstate_Highway_System" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Highways_for_the_National_Defense" title="Search Wikisource"><img alt="Search Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 4px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Highways_for_the_National_Defense" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Highways for the National Defense">Highways for the National Defense</a></b></i></div><div style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 4px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Highway_Needs_of_the_National_Defense" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Highway Needs of the National Defense">Highway Needs of the National Defense</a></b></i></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/9714600">Interstate Highway System</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/programadmin/interstate.cfm">Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways</a>, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/interstate_highway_system/routefinder/index.cfm">Route Log and Finder List</a>, FHWA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://highways.dot.gov/research/turner-fairbank-highway-research-center/facility-overview">Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center</a>, FHWA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/research/online-documents/interstate-highway-system">Interstate Highway System</a>, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/now/shows/535/index.html">"Keep on Trucking?: Would you pay more in taxes to fix roads and rail?"</a>, <i>NOW</i> on PBS</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&#124;link=Interstate_Highway_System#Interstate_shield&#124;alt=Blank_Interstate_shield_Primary_Interstate_Highways" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#006A4D; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interstates" title="Template:Interstates"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Interstates" title="Template talk:Interstates"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Interstates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Interstates"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px&#124;link=Interstate_Highway_System#Interstate_shield&#124;alt=Blank_Interstate_shield_Primary_Interstate_Highways" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System#Interstate_shield" title="Interstate Highway System"><img alt="Blank Interstate shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/I-blank.svg/25px-I-blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/I-blank.svg/38px-I-blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/I-blank.svg/50px-I-blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span> Primary <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Interstate Highways</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006A4D; color:white;;width:1%">Signed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_2" title="Interstate 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_4" title="Interstate 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_5" title="Interstate 5"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">5</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_8" title="Interstate 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_10" title="Interstate 10"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">10</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_11" title="Interstate 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_12" title="Interstate 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_14" title="Interstate 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_15" title="Interstate 15"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">15</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_16" title="Interstate 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_17" title="Interstate 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_19" title="Interstate 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_20" title="Interstate 20"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">20</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_22" title="Interstate 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_24" title="Interstate 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_25" title="Interstate 25"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">25</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_26" title="Interstate 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_27" title="Interstate 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_29" title="Interstate 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_30" title="Interstate 30"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">30</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interstate_31" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 31">31</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_35" title="Interstate 35"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">35</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_37" title="Interstate 37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_39" title="Interstate 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_40" title="Interstate 40"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">40</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_41" title="Interstate 41">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_42" title="Interstate 42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_43" title="Interstate 43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_44" title="Interstate 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_45" title="Interstate 45"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">45</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_49" title="Interstate 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_55" title="Interstate 55"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">55</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_57" title="Interstate 57">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_59" title="Interstate 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_64" title="Interstate 64">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_65" title="Interstate 65"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">65</span></a></li> <li>66 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interstate_66_(Kansas%E2%80%93Kentucky)" title="Interstate 66 (Kansas–Kentucky)">KS–KY</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_66" title="Interstate 66">VA–DC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_68" title="Interstate 68">68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_69" title="Interstate 69">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_70" title="Interstate 70"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">70</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_71" title="Interstate 71">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_72" title="Interstate 72">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_73" title="Interstate 73">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_74" title="Interstate 74">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_75" title="Interstate 75"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">75</span></a></li> <li>76 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_76_(Colorado%E2%80%93Nebraska)" title="Interstate 76 (Colorado–Nebraska)">CO–NE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_76_(Ohio%E2%80%93New_Jersey)" title="Interstate 76 (Ohio–New Jersey)">OH–NJ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_77" title="Interstate 77">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_78" title="Interstate 78">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_79" title="Interstate 79">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_80" title="Interstate 80"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">80</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_81" title="Interstate 81">81</a></li> <li>82 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_82" title="Interstate 82">WA–OR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interstate_82_(Pennsylvania%E2%80%93New_York)" title="Interstate 82 (Pennsylvania–New York)">PA–NY</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interstate_82_(Connecticut%E2%80%93Rhode_Island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 82 (Connecticut–Rhode Island)">CT–RI</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_83" title="Interstate 83">83</a></li> <li>84 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_(Oregon%E2%80%93Utah)" title="Interstate 84 (Oregon–Utah)">OR–UT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_(Pennsylvania%E2%80%93Massachusetts)" title="Interstate 84 (Pennsylvania–Massachusetts)">PA–MA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_85" title="Interstate 85"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">85</span></a></li> <li>86 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_86_(Idaho)" title="Interstate 86 (Idaho)">ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_86_(Pennsylvania%E2%80%93New_York)" title="Interstate 86 (Pennsylvania–New York)">PA–NY</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interstate_86_(Connecticut%E2%80%93Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 86 (Connecticut–Massachusetts)">CT–MA</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>87 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_87_(North_Carolina)" title="Interstate 87 (North Carolina)">NC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_87_(New_York)" title="Interstate 87 (New York)">NY</a></li></ul></li> <li>88 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_88_(Illinois)" title="Interstate 88 (Illinois)">IL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_88_(New_York)" title="Interstate 88 (New York)">NY</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_89" title="Interstate 89">89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_90" title="Interstate 90"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">90</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_91" title="Interstate 91">91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_93" title="Interstate 93">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_94" title="Interstate 94">94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95"><span style="background:#FCD116; padding:2px;">95</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_96" title="Interstate 96">96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_97" title="Interstate 97">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_99" title="Interstate 99">99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_H-1" title="Interstate H-1">H-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_H-2" title="Interstate H-2">H-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_H-3" title="Interstate H-3">H-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006A4D; color:white;;width:1%">Unsigned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Interstate_Highways_in_Alaska" title="List of Interstate Highways in Alaska">A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Interstate_Highways_in_Alaska" title="List of Interstate Highways in Alaska">A-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Interstate_Highways_in_Alaska" title="List of Interstate Highways in Alaska">A-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Parks_Highway" title="George Parks Highway">A-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Highway_52" title="Puerto Rico Highway 52">PRI-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Highway_22" title="Puerto Rico Highway 22">PRI-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Highway_53" title="Puerto Rico Highway 53">PRI-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006A4D; color:white;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Interstate_Highways" title="List of Interstate Highways">Primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auxiliary_Interstate_Highways" title="List of auxiliary Interstate Highways">Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suffixed_Interstate_Highways" title="List of suffixed Interstate Highways">Suffixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_business_routes_of_the_Interstate_Highway_System" title="List of business routes of the Interstate Highway System">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_future_Interstate_Highways" title="List of future Interstate Highways">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006A4D; color:white;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_standards" title="Interstate Highway standards">Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gaps_in_Interstate_Highways" title="List of gaps in Interstate Highways">Gaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tolled_sections_of_Interstate_Highways" title="Category:Tolled sections of Interstate Highways">Tolled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#006A4D; color:white;;background:#FCD116; color:black;"><div>Routes in <i>italics</i> are no longer a part of the system. Major Interstates are highlighted.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#006A4D; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_numbered_highways" title="Template:US numbered highways"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_numbered_highways" title="Template talk:US numbered highways"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_numbered_highways" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US numbered highways"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States" title="Numbered highways in the United States"><span style="color:white;">Numbered highways in the United States</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#006A4D; color:white;">National systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interstate Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highway_System" title="United States Numbered Highway System">U.S. Numbered Highways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#006A4D; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/State_highway" title="State highway"><span style="color:white;">State highways</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_routes_in_Alabama" title="List of state routes in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Routes" title="List of Alaska Routes">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_routes_in_Arizona" title="List of state routes in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_System" title="Arkansas Highway System">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_highways_in_California" title="State highways in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Colorado" title="List of state highways in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_routes_in_Connecticut" title="List of state routes in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_State_Route_System" title="Delaware State Route System">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_State_Highway_System" title="Florida State Highway System">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_routes_in_Georgia" title="List of state routes in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Hawaii" title="List of state highways in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Idaho" title="List of state highways in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Highway_System" title="Illinois State Highway System">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_Indiana" title="Numbered highways in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Primary_Highway_System" title="Iowa Primary Highway System">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Kansas" title="List of state highways in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_Kentucky" title="Numbered highways in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Louisiana" title="List of state highways in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_State_Highway_System" title="Maine State Highway System">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_highway_system" title="Maryland highway system">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_Highway_System" title="Massachusetts State Highway System">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_Trunkline_Highway_System" title="Michigan State Trunkline Highway System">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Minnesota" title="List of state highways in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_State_Highway_System" title="Mississippi State Highway System">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Highway_System" title="Missouri State Highway System">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Highway_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana Highway System">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_State_Highway_System" title="Nebraska State Highway System">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_routes_in_Nevada" title="List of state routes in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Highway_System" title="New Hampshire Highway System">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_highways_in_New_Jersey" title="State highways in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_roads_in_New_Mexico" title="List of state roads in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_New_York" title="Numbered highways in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Highway_System" title="North Carolina Highway System">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_North_Dakota" title="List of state highways in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_Ohio" title="Numbered highways in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Oklahoma" title="List of state highways in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_highways_in_Oregon" title="State highways in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Route_System" title="Pennsylvania State Route System">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_routes_in_Rhode_Island" title="Numbered routes in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_State_Highway_System" title="South Carolina State Highway System">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_South_Dakota" title="List of state highways in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_System" title="Tennessee State Route System">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_state_highway_system" title="Texas state highway system">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Utah" title="List of state highways in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Vermont" title="List of state highways in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_highways_in_Virginia" title="State highways in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_highways_in_Washington" title="State highways in Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_State_Highway_System" title="West Virginia State Highway System">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_State_Trunk_Highway_System" title="Wisconsin State Trunk Highway System">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Wyoming" title="List of state highways in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#006A4D; color:white;">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highways_in_American_Samoa" title="List of highways in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streets_and_highways_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Streets and highways of Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highways_in_Guam" title="List of highways in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_highways_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="List of numbered highways in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Roads in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Virgin_Islands_highways" title="List of United States Virgin Islands highways">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Route_designations_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#006A4D; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_route_types" title="Template:US route types"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_route_types" title="Template talk:US route types"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_route_types" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US route types"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Route_designations_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States" title="Numbered highways in the United States"><span style="color:white;">Route designations in the United States</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#006A4D; color:white;">Multistate systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highway_System" title="United States Numbered Highway System">U.S. Highway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#006A4D; color:white;">Intrastate systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">Toll road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_highway" title="State highway">State highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary highway">Secondary highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_highway" title="County highway">County highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm-to-market_road" title="Farm-to-market road">Farm-to-market road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#006A4D; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Special_route" title="Special route"><span style="color:white;">Special route types</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_route" title="Alternate route">Alternate route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_route" title="Business route">Business/city route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bypass_(road)" title="Bypass (road)">Bypass route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connector_(road)" title="Connector (road)">Connector route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_divided_U.S._Routes" title="List of divided U.S. Routes">Divided route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanently_signed_detour_route" title="Permanently signed detour route">Emergency detour route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loop_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Loop route">Loop route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_route" title="Scenic route">Scenic route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spur_route" title="Spur route">Spur route</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#006A4D; color:white;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicycle_Route_System" title="United States Bicycle Route System">U.S. Bicycle Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Highway" title="Forest Highway">Forest highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_route_(United_States)" title="Indian route (United States)">Indian route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States#Territorial_Highways" title="Numbered highways in the United States">Territorial highway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dwight_D._Eisenhower" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Template:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Template talk:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dwight_D._Eisenhower" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">34th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1953–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a> (1951–1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the Army</a> (1945–1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Expeditionary_Force#Commander_and_senior_staff" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force">Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force</a> (1943–1945)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Military<br />career</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Motor_Transport_Corps_convoy" title="1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy">1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Maneuvers" title="Louisiana Maneuvers">Louisiana Maneuvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_Operations_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theater of Operations United States Army">European Theater of Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6,_1944,_order_of_the_day" title="June 6, 1944, order of the day">June 6, 1944, order of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Western_Europe_speech" title="People of Western Europe speech">People of Western Europe speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Veritable" title="Operation Veritable">Operation Veritable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_(1945)" title="Berlin Declaration (1945)">Berlin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disarmed_Enemy_Forces" title="Disarmed Enemy Forces">Disarmed Enemy Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Advisory_Commission" title="European Advisory Commission">European Advisory Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Commander of NATO, 1951-1952</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency" title="Timeline of the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1953 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Second inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1957 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1953_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="February 1953 State of the Union Address">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1954 State of the Union Address">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1955 State of the Union Address">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1956 State of the Union Address">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1957 State of the Union Address">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1958 State of the Union Address">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1959 State of the Union Address">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1960 State of the Union Address">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12,_1961_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="January 12, 1961 State of the Union Address">1961</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower%27s_farewell_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower's farewell address">Farewell address</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy transition</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Dwight_David_Eisenhower/Executive_Orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Dwight David Eisenhower/Executive Orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Dwight_David_Eisenhower/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Dwight David Eisenhower/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> <ul><li>1953; <a href="/wiki/Korean_Armistice_Agreement" title="Korean Armistice Agreement">Korean Armistice Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chance_for_Peace_speech" title="Chance for Peace speech">"Chance for Peace" speech</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1953%E2%80%931962)" title="Cold War (1953–1962)">Cold War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War#Crisis_and_escalation_(1953–62)" title="Cold War">Khrushchev, Eisenhower and De-Stalinization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Look_(policy)" title="New Look (policy)">New Look policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">1955 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1954" title="Atomic Energy Act of 1954">Atomic Energy Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace" title="Atoms for Peace">Atoms for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Data" title="Restricted Data">Restricted Data</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Trade_Development_and_Assistance_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954">Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Peace" title="Food for Peace">Food for Peace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURATOM_Cooperation_Act_of_1958" title="EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958">EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> <ul><li>1958; <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_40" title="Operation 40">Operation 40</a> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_10479" title="Executive Order 10479">Executive Order 10479</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Continental_Shelf" title="Outer Continental Shelf">Outer Continental Shelf Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_Relief_Act" title="Refugee Relief Act">Refugee Relief Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submerged_Lands_Act" title="Submerged Lands Act">Submerged Lands Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Act of 1954">Agricultural Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Wool_Act_of_1954" title="National Wool Act of 1954">National Wool Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Milk_Program" title="Special Milk Program">Special Milk Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excise_Tax_Reduction_Act_of_1954" title="Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954">Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">Internal Revenue Code of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watershed_Protection_and_Flood_Prevention_Act_of_1954" title="Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954">Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Watershed_Program" title="Small Watershed Program">Small Watershed Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Pollution_Control_Act_of_1955" title="Air Pollution Control Act of 1955">Air Pollution Control Act of 1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1956" title="Agricultural Act of 1956">Agricultural Act of 1956</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Bank_Act" title="Soil Bank Act">Soil Bank Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Bank_Program" title="Soil Bank Program">Soil Bank Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Voting_Assistance_Program" title="Federal Voting Assistance Program">Federal Voting Assistance Program</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Holding_Company_Act" title="Bank Holding Company Act">Bank Holding Company Act</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interstate Highway System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_Trust_Fund" title="Highway Trust Fund">Highway Trust Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Wildlife_Act" title="Fish and Wildlife Act">Fish and Wildlife Act</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_to_People_Student_Ambassador_Program" title="People to People Student Ambassador Program">People to People Student Ambassador Program</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Fitness,_Sports_and_Nutrition" class="mw-redirect" title="President's Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition">President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Act of 1957</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights" title="United States Commission on Civil Rights">U.S. Commission on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice_Civil_Rights_Division" title="United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division">U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Plant_Pest_Act_of_1957" title="Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957">Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine" title="Little Rock Nine">Little Rock Nine intervention</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price%E2%80%93Anderson_Nuclear_Industries_Indemnity_Act" title="Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act">Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Statehood_Act" title="Alaska Statehood Act">Alaska Statehood Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Slaughter_Act" title="Humane Slaughter Act">Humane Slaughter Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Education_Act" title="National Defense Education Act">National Defense Education Act</a> <ul><li>1958; <a href="/wiki/Federal_Perkins_Loan" title="Federal Perkins Loan">Federal Perkins Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_the_United_States" title="Student loans in the United States">Student loans in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Admission_Act" title="Hawaii Admission Act">Hawaii Admission Act</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-Use_Sustained-Yield_Act_of_1960" title="Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960">Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960" title="Civil Rights Act of 1960">Civil Rights Act of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikes_Act" title="Sikes Act">Sikes Act</a> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_in_Europe" title="Crusade in Europe"><i>Crusade in Europe</i> (1948)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Eisenhower_movement" title="Draft Eisenhower movement">Draft Eisenhower movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican Party presidential primaries (1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Republican Party presidential primaries">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Republican Party presidential primaries">1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention (1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">United States Presidential election (1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Bibliography of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Birthplace_State_Historic_Site" title="Eisenhower Birthplace State Historic Site">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Presidential_Library,_Museum_and_Boyhood_Home" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home">Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, gravesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Home" title="Eisenhower Home">Boyhood home</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_National_Historic_Site" title="Eisenhower National Historic Site">Eisenhower National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial">Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_National_Airport" title="Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport">Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Fellowships" title="Eisenhower Fellowships">Eisenhower Fellowships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower Institute">Eisenhower Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Monument" title="Eisenhower Monument">Eisenhower Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_dollar" title="Eisenhower dollar">Eisenhower dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Centennial_silver_dollar" title="Eisenhower Centennial silver dollar">Eisenhower Centennial silver dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Army_Medical_Center" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center">Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Medical_Center" title="Eisenhower Medical Center">Eisenhower Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Trophy" title="Eisenhower Trophy">Eisenhower Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Golf_Club" title="Eisenhower Golf Club">Eisenhower Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts#Eisenhower_Theater" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">Eisenhower Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_(U.S._Capitol)" title="Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)">Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Eisenhower" title="Fort Eisenhower">Fort Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Eisenhower" title="Mount Eisenhower">Mount Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_for_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places named for Dwight D. Eisenhower">Places named for Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower#Tributes_and_memorials" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Other tributes and memorials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_jacket" title="Eisenhower jacket">Eisenhower jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Tree" title="Eisenhower Tree">Eisenhower Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_in_Europe#TV_series" title="Crusade in Europe"><i>Crusade in Europe</i> (1949 television series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House"><i>Backstairs at the White House</i> (1979 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_(miniseries)" title="Ike (miniseries)"><i>Ike</i> (1979 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike:_Countdown_to_D-Day" title="Ike: Countdown to D-Day"><i>Ike: Countdown to D-Day</i> (2004 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_(play)" title="Pressure (play)"><i>Pressure</i> (2014 play)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Family of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower" title="Mamie Eisenhower"> Mary "Mamie" Geneva Doud Eisenhower</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eisenhower" title="John Eisenhower">John Eisenhower</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Eisenhower" title="David Eisenhower">David Eisenhower</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Eisenhower" title="Anne Eisenhower">Anne Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Eisenhower" title="Susan Eisenhower">Susan Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jean_Eisenhower" title="Mary Jean Eisenhower">Mary Jean Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Eisenhower" title="Jennie Eisenhower">Jennie Eisenhower</a> (great-granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Stover_Eisenhower" title="Ida Stover Eisenhower">Ida Stover Eisenhower</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Eisenhower">Arthur Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_N._Eisenhower" title="Edgar N. Eisenhower">Edgar N. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy Eisenhower">Roy Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_D._Eisenhower" title="Earl D. Eisenhower">Earl D. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_S._Eisenhower" title="Milton S. Eisenhower">Milton S. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_baseball_controversy" title="Eisenhower baseball controversy">Eisenhower baseball controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/And_I_don%27t_care_what_it_is" title="And I don't care what it is">And I don't care what it is</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace_Award" title="Atoms for Peace Award">Atoms for Peace Award</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Outer_Space" title="Introduction to Outer Space">Introduction to Outer Space</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Slovik" title="Eddie Slovik">Eddie Slovik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Summersby" title="Kay Summersby">Kay Summersby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">← Harry S. Truman</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Category:Dwight D. Eisenhower">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_federal_transportation_legislation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_highway_acts" title="Template:US highway acts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_highway_acts" title="Template talk:US highway acts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_highway_acts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US highway acts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_federal_transportation_legislation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Transportation policy of the United States">United States federal transportation legislation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act">Federal aid highway acts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aid_Road_Act_of_1916" title="Federal Aid Road Act of 1916">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aid_Highway_Act_of_1921" title="Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1944" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1952" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1968" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1973" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Amendments_of_1974" title="Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974">1974</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface transportation<br />assistance acts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Transportation_Assistance_Act" title="Surface Transportation Assistance Act">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Transportation_and_Uniform_Relocation_Assistance_Act" title="Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermodal_Surface_Transportation_Efficiency_Act" title="Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act">Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act</a> (ISTEA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_System_Designation_Act_of_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway System Designation Act of 1995">National Highway System Designation Act of 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Equity_Act_for_the_21st_Century" title="Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century">Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century</a> (TEA-21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe,_Accountable,_Flexible,_Efficient_Transportation_Equity_Act:_A_Legacy_for_Users" title="Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users">Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users</a> (SAFETEA-LU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Ahead_for_Progress_in_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act">Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act</a> (MAP-21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixing_America%27s_Surface_Transportation_Act" title="Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act">Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act</a> (FAST Act)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a> (IIJA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public transit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Mass_Transportation_Act_of_1964" title="Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Speed_Ground_Transportation_Act_of_1965" title="High-Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Mass_Transportation_Act_of_1970" title="Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mass_Transportation_Assistance_Act" title="National Mass Transportation Assistance Act">1974</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal-aid_highway_program" title="Federal-aid highway program">Federal-aid highway program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_Trust_Fund" title="Highway Trust Fund">Highway Trust Fund</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interstate Highway System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Traffic_and_Motor_Vehicle_Safety_Act" title="National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act">National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">United States Department of Transportation</a> (USDOT)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94247#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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2526.989 1 -total"," 37.58% 949.746 2 Template:Reflist"," 16.75% 423.156 1 Template:Infobox_state_highway_system"," 15.88% 401.332 53 Template:Cite_web"," 13.55% 342.292 1 Template:Infobox"," 5.59% 141.342 23 Template:Cite_book"," 5.51% 139.225 1 Template:Inflation-fn"," 5.10% 128.835 22 Template:Cite_news"," 4.33% 109.354 9 Template:Fix"," 4.27% 107.819 4 Template:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.507","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21839540,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdderly2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllison2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmbrose1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Association_of_State_Highway_Officials1958\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Association_of_State_Highway_Officials1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officialsn.d.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArcadi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlas2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrowning2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalifornia_Department_of_Transportationn.d.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarr2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChiotakis2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColorado_Department_of_Transportationn.d.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoxJean1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurtiss1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeSimone2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDevlin1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEssex2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaigin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaquir2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFausset2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFederal_Highway_Administration2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFederal_Highway_Administration2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFederal_Highway_Administration2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFederal_Highway_Administration2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFederal_Highway_Administration2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFederal_Highway_Administration2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFederal_Highway_Administrationn.d.\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFField1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzgeraldAgyeman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFox2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFree1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedlaender1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGamboaMcCauslandLedermanPopken2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlaeserTobio2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHallHall2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanlon1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHart2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHecox2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIdaho_Transportation_Department2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndiana_Department_of_Transportationn.d.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoenig2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKruse2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaskow2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLichterFuguitt1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahajan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMassachusetts_Department_of_Transportationn.d.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcNichol2006a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcNichol2006b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMehren1918\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMikkelson2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2018\"] = 1,\n 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[\"CITEREFPennsylvania_Turnpike_Commissionn.d.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetroski2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhelps2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrice2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRose1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchulten2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwantes2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherrill2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShirley2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlater1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSofield2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStromberg2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStromberg2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStufflebeam_RowLaDowMoler2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTexas_Transportation_Institute2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuna1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUtah_Transportation_Commission1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVMS,_Inc.n.d.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVanMeter2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeingroff1996\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFWeingroff2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeingroff2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeingroff2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeingroff2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWeingroff2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeiss2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolshon2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZarroli2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhang2014\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Among whom\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Attached KML\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Category see also\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite MDOT map\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 23,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite map\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 22,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 51,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 46,\n [\"Dwight D. Eisenhower\"] = 1,\n [\"Eisenhower series\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatprice\"] = 2,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 7,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 2,\n [\"Inflation-fn\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation-year\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox road/shieldmain/USA\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox state highway system\"] = 1,\n [\"Interstates\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"Maplink\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed section\"] = 2,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Self-published inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Self-published source\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"TxDOT\"] = 1,\n [\"US highway acts\"] = 1,\n [\"US numbered highways\"] = 1,\n [\"US route types\"] = 1,\n [\"USDCY\"] = 1,\n [\"USPL\"] = 1,\n [\"Usc\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource-multi\"] = 3,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","360","22.5"],["?","280","17.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","180","11.2"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","7.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","80","5.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","60","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","60","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","3.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","40","2.5"],["gsub","40","2.5"],["[others]","320","20.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-8s6gj","timestamp":"20241123051023","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Interstate Highway System","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interstate_Highway_System","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q94247","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q94247","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-03-11T22:22:19Z","dateModified":"2024-10-29T15:40:39Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/11\/I-80.svg","headline":"network of freeways in the United States"}</script> </body> </html>