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<div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-限制性同位结构和非限制性同位结构" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#限制性同位结构和非限制性同位结构"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>限制性同位结构和非限制性同位结构</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-限制性同位结构和非限制性同位结构-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-示例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#示例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>示例</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-示例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同位语的属格" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同位语的属格"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>同位语的属格</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同位语的属格-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关条目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关条目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>相关条目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关条目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用出处" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用出处"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>引用出处</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用出处-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考书目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考书目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>参考书目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考书目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">同位结构</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。35种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84_(%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88)" title="بدل (نحو) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بدل (نحو)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Прыдатак (мовазнаўства) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прыдатак (мовазнаўства)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Приложение (граматика) – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Приложение (граматика)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposici%C3%B3" title="Aposició – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aposició" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADstavek" title="Přístavek – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přístavek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apposition" title="Apposition – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Apposition" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apposition" title="Apposition – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Apposition" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apozicio" title="Apozicio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Apozicio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposici%C3%B3n" title="Aposición – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aposición" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisand_(keeleteadus)" title="Lisand (keeleteadus) – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lisand (keeleteadus)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposizio" title="Aposizio – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aposizio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84_(%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="بدل (زبان‌شناسی) – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بدل (زبان‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appositio" title="Appositio – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Appositio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apposition" title="Apposition – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Apposition" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8)" title="תמורה (תחביר) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תמורה (תחביר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apozicija" title="Apozicija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Apozicija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89rtelmez%C5%91_(nyelv%C3%A9szet)" title="Értelmező (nyelvészet) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Értelmező (nyelvészet)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BC%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Առդրություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Առդրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoziciono" title="Apoziciono – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Apoziciono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%B0urlag" title="Viðurlag – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Viðurlag" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apposizione" title="Apposizione – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apposizione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%A0%BC" title="同格 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="同格" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Қосарлы айқындауыш – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қосарлы айқындауыш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pried%C4%97lis" title="Priedėlis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Priedėlis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pielikums_(valodniec%C4%ABba)" title="Pielikums (valodniecība) – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pielikums (valodniecība)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijstelling" title="Bijstelling – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bijstelling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apposisjon" title="Apposisjon – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Apposisjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apozycja_(j%C4%99zykoznawstwo)" title="Apozycja (językoznawstwo) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Apozycja (językoznawstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apozi%C8%9Bie" title="Apoziție – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apoziție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Приложение (лингвистика) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Приложение (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADstavok" title="Prístavok – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prístavok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apozitiv" title="Apozitiv – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Apozitiv" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apposition" title="Apposition – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Apposition" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposisyon" title="Aposisyon – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aposisyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Прикладка – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прикладка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q321056#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" 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vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&oldid=80418437" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=info" 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q321056" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/48px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/72px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/96px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">編修</a>，以確保文法、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:避免使用的字詞">用詞、语气</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">格式</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/标点符号">標點</a>等使用恰当。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2013年7月8日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請按照<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">校對指引</a>，幫助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit">编辑</a>這個條目。（<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:编辑">幫助</a>、<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="Talk:同位结构">討論</a>）</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E8%AF%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:同位语">同位语</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <p><b>同位结构</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Apposition</span>）是指一种在相邻的句子成分之间存在修饰、限定或说明关系的结构，这些句子成分常是<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" title="名詞">名词</a>性成分。修饰另一个成分的成分叫<b>同位语</b>，被修饰的成分叫<b>本语</b>。例如，在“我的朋友爱丽丝”中，“爱丽丝”是“我的朋友”的同位语，同时它们也构成了同位结构。 </p><p>同位结构是一种<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="修辞">修辞</a>格，当子句中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D" title="动词">动词</a>（常是存在类动词）出于让句子变得更生动的考虑而被省去时，就常常出现这种结构。因此同位结构常被认为是<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E8%A3%9D" title="倒裝">倒装</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="修辞">修辞</a>格的无序，因为它打破了句子的连贯性。例如：在读“我夫人，一位训练有素的护士”一句时，就需要在插入的修饰语“一位训练有素的护士”前做停顿。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="限制性同位结构和非限制性同位结构"><span id=".E9.99.90.E5.88.B6.E6.80.A7.E5.90.8C.E4.BD.8D.E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84.E5.92.8C.E9.9D.9E.E9.99.90.E5.88.B6.E6.80.A7.E5.90.8C.E4.BD.8D.E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84"></span>限制性同位结构和非限制性同位结构</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：限制性同位结构和非限制性同位结构"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>同位结构可以分为限制性同位结构和非限制性同位结构，它们都由两个成分组成，并且后一成分补充修饰前一成分。 </p><p>在非限制性同位结构中，后一成分在补充修饰前一成分时不需要变形，对整句的意思来说也并不重要；而在限制性同位结构中，后一成分限定或阐明前一成分，起重要作用。例如：在“我的朋友爱丽丝”中，“爱丽丝”具体指明了“我的朋友”是谁，因此这一结构是限制性的。再例如：“我夫人，一位训练有素的护士”中的“一位训练有素的护士”并没有缩小“我夫人”所指的范围，但却提供了补充信息，因此这一结构是非限制性的。在英语中，非限制性同位语和本位语之间常用<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%97%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="逗号">逗号</a>隔开，但限制性同位语和本位语之间常不会用<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%97%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="逗号">逗号</a>隔开。<sup id="cite_ref-WritingPU_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WritingPU-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>并不是所有的限制性从句都是同位语。例如：在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>中，“Bill's friend Alice ...”里的“Alice”是同位语；而“Bill's friend, whose name is Alice, ...”中的“Alice”就不是同位语，而是从句<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%93%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="谓语">谓语</a>的一部分。这两者之间的主要区别是：第二种结构明显地包含了第一种结构隐晦地表达的内容：句中的“Bill's friend”就是“Alice”。如果“我的朋友”就是“爱丽丝”的意思，那么就可以选择第一种结构。 </p><p>当说话人和背景发生变化时，即便是同样的文字，也可能从限制性同位结构转而变为非限制性同位结构，反之亦然。例如：“我哥哥内森”一句，如果说话人不只有一个哥哥，那么这就是一个限制性同位结构，因为“内森”阐明了“我哥哥”的内容——具体是哪一个哥哥；但如果说话人只有一个哥哥，那么“内森”就只是补充说明了“我哥哥”的信息，因此是非限制性同位结构。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="示例"><span id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B"></span>示例</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：示例"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在下面的示例中，同位语用<i>斜体</i>标注： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="巴里·戈德华特">巴里·戈德华特</a>，<i>亚利桑那州的资浅参议员</i>，于1964年成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" title="共和黨 (美國)">共和党</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="总统">总统</a>候选人。</li> <li>约翰和鲍勃，<i>我的两个朋友</i>，正在组建一支乐队。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="亚历山大大帝">亚历山大大帝</a>，<i>征服了波斯的马其顿人</i>，是古代最伟大的军事天才之一。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81" title="迪安·马丁">迪安·马丁</a>, <i>一位广受欢迎歌手</i>，将在金沙酒店演出。</li></ul> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>中，有一种叫做“假头衔”（英語：<span lang="en">False Title</span>）的同位短语。例如：“United States Deputy Marshal Jim Hall said Tuesday that <i>fatally wounded Lawrence County Sheriff</i> Gene Matthews told him that <i>fugitive tax protester</i> Gordon W. Kahl was dead before other law enforcement officials started shooting.”在新闻界里，这样的用法并无争议：一位《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5" title="纽约时报">纽约时报</a>》的记者称“假头衔”是“故意把读者弄糊涂的文风的工具”，他的同事阿多诺·伯恩斯坦则称“假头衔”是“令人难堪的、滑稽可笑的、假冒伪造的，就像是一张3美元的钞票一样”。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>同为短语也可以表现为字典式定义的形式。以下是《发现幸福——1000位长者教会我的人生30堂课》一书里例子： </p> <ul><li>在因人生智慧而被调查的1000位长者中，<i>没有人（没有一个人）</i> 认为为了幸福人就应该尽可能努力地工作，继而挣足够多的钱去买想要的东西。</li></ul> <ul><li><i>没有人（没有一个人）</i>认为变得至少和周围的人一样有钱这事儿很重要，或者比他们还有钱就是成功了。</li></ul> <ul><li><i>没有人（没有一个人）</i>认为你应该根据预期的收入前景来选择工作。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>另一个例子是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邦尼·泰勒（页面不存在）">邦尼·泰勒</a>的歌曲《<a href="/wiki/The_Best" title="The Best">The Best</a>》的副歌部分： </p> <ul><li>You're simply the best, <i>better than all the rest</i></li> <li>Better than anyone, <i>anyone I've ever met</i></li></ul> <p>同位结构的适用范围并不仅限于人名: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a>，<i>千湖之国</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%A6%A5%E6%80%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="曼妥思">曼妥思</a>，<i>给我好心情</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="同位语的属格"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E4.BD.8D.E8.AF.AD.E7.9A.84.E5.B1.9E.E6.A0.BC"></span>同位语的属格</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：同位语的属格"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在部分语言中，表达领属关系的句法结构也可用同位结构表达。例如： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>中： <ul><li>同位<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E6%A0%BC" title="斜格">斜格</a>，一种含有“of”的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="介词">介词</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="短语">短语</a>，例如：“the month of December”，“the sin of pride”和“the City of New York”。这也被用来解释“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E9%87%8D%E5%B1%9E%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双重属格（页面不存在）">双重属格</a>”: “a friend of mine”。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>词尾“-'s”，例如：“In Dublin's Fair City”。不过这不太常见。</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="古希腊语">古希腊语</a>中： <ul><li>解释性属格（英語：<span lang="en">Genitive of Explanation</span>），例如：“ ὑὸς μέγα χρῆμα (hyòs méga chrêma)”，“野猪怪兽（一件大事）" 。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="日语">日语</a>中： <ul><li>后缀“no”，例如：“ふじの山（Fuji no Yama）”，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="富士山">富士山</a>。</li></ul></li> <li>圣经希伯来语中： <ul><li>联合属格（英語：<span lang="en">genitive of association</span>)，例如גַּן עֵדֶן （Gan 'Ēden），<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%94%B8%E5%9C%92" title="伊甸園">伊甸园</a>"。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87" title="文言文">文言文</a>中： <ul><li>“之”有可能用於標明同位語，例如：工之僑</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关条目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E6.9D.A1.E7.9B.AE"></span>相关条目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：相关条目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="修辞">修辞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E8%A3%9D" title="倒裝">倒装</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用出处"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8.E5.87.BA.E5.A4.84"></span>引用出处</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：引用出处"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WritingPU-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WritingPU_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/writing/center/resources/commas.pdf">Commas: Some Common Problems</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Princeton Writing Program, Princeton University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&rft.btitle=Commas%3A+Some+Common+Problems&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Princeton+Writing+Program%2C+Princeton+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2Fwriting%2Fcenter%2Fresources%2Fcommas.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2017年6月失效">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Reed, Roy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/25/opinion/titles-that-aren-t-titles.html?sec=&spon=">Titles That Aren't Titles</a>. The New York Times. July 25, 1987 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-05-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191130205851/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/25/opinion/titles-that-aren-t-titles.html?sec=&spon=">存档</a>于2019-11-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&rft.atitle=Titles+That+Aren%27t+Titles&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.date=1987-07-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F07%2F25%2Fopinion%2Ftitles-that-aren-t-titles.html%3Fsec%3D%26spon%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>. According to that site, a version of the article appeared in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>, July 5, 1987, p. 31. The sentence is quoted from the <i>Arkansas Gazette</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brody, Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/30lessonsforlivi00pill">30 Lessons for Living</a>. Penguin Group. 2011: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/30lessonsforlivi00pill/page/57">57</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1594630844" title="Special:网络书源/1594630844"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1594630844</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.aulast=Brody&rft.btitle=30+Lessons+for+Living&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1594630844&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F30lessonsforlivi00pill&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chapter 5, §14.3 (pages 447–448), Rodney Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum, <i>The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0521431468" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-43146-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gordon M. Messing. Greek Grammar'<span></span>. Harvard University Press. : 317–318.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&rft.au=Gordon+M.+Messing&rft.btitle=Greek+Grammar%27&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=317-318&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bruce K. Waltke and M. O'Connor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontobi0000walt">An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax</a>. Bruce K. Waltke and M. O'Connor. 1990: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontobi0000walt/page/153">153</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-931464-31-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-931464-31-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-931464-31-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&rft.au=Bruce+K.+Waltke+and+M.+O%27Connor&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Biblical+Hebrew+Syntax&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-931464-31-5&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Bruce+K.+Waltke+and+M.+O%27Connor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontobi0000walt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="参考书目"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E4.B9.A6.E7.9B.AE"></span>参考书目</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参考书目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Randolph Quirk, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, Jan Svartvik. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London and New York: Longman. 1985. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-582-51734-6" title="Special:网络书源/0-582-51734-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-582-51734-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&rft.au=Randolph+Quirk%2C+Sidney+Greenbaum%2C+Geoffrey+Leech%2C+Jan+Svartvik&rft.btitle=A+Comprehensive+Grammar+of+the+English+Language&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-582-51734-6&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Longman&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 4627/2007. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg. 2007: 286–293.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&rft.btitle=Lecture+Notes+in+Computer+Science&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=286-293&rft.pub=Springer+Berlin%2C+Heidelberg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090214004953/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/AG/allgre.282.html">Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, section 282</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/figures/appositio.htm">Audio illustrations</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201211024613/http://www.americanrhetoric.com/figures/appositio.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/appositive.htm">Appositives</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210126101447/http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/appositive.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） at chompchomp.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etc.tuiasi.ro/sibm/romanian_spoken_language/en/fraze_subiect_dublu.htm">Apposition and double subject in Romanian - a controversial issue</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180930213725/http://www.etc.tuiasi.ro/sibm/romanian_spoken_language/en/fraze_subiect_dublu.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） in * <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etc.tuiasi.ro/sibm/romanian_spoken_language/index.htm">Sounds of the Romanian Language</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210226222119/http://www.etc.tuiasi.ro/sibm/romanian_spoken_language/index.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://proofexchange.com/appositives-purdue-owl">Graphical examples</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160927052446/https://proofexchange.com/appositives-purdue-owl">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/m715jp5734512753/">Appositions Versus Double Subject Sentences – What Information the Speech Analysis Brings to a Grammar Debate</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2020年2月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=同位结构&oldid=80418437">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=同位结构&oldid=80418437</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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