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Guido von List - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi

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Tilgængelig på 28 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="قايدو فون لست – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قايدو فون لست" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="جويدو فون ليست – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جويدو فون ليست" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF_%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%9B%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84" title="Γκουίντο φον Λιστ – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκουίντο φον Λιστ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="گیدو ون لیست – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیدو ون لیست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98" title="גידו פון ליסט – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גידו פון ליסט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="グイド・フォン・リスト – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グイド・フォン・リスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%80%EB%8F%84_%ED%8F%B0_%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="귀도 폰 리스트 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="귀도 폰 리스트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82,_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лист, Гвидо фон – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лист, Гвидо фон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гвидо фон Лист – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гвидо фон Лист" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Guido von List" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гвідо фон Ліст – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гвідо фон Ліст" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q94040#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Guido_von_List" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2007-0705-500,_Guido_von_List.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2007-0705-500%2C_Guido_von_List.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2007-0705-500%2C_Guido_von_List.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2007-0705-500%2C_Guido_von_List.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2007-0705-500%2C_Guido_von_List.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2007-0705-500%2C_Guido_von_List.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2007-0705-500%2C_Guido_von_List.jpg 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Guido von List.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Guido von List</b> (<a href="/wiki/5._oktober" title="5. oktober">5. oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a> – <a href="/wiki/17._maj" title="17. maj">17. maj</a> <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>) var en <a href="/wiki/Okkultisme" title="Okkultisme">okkultist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racel%C3%A6re" title="Racelære">raceideolog</a> og grundlægger af <a href="/wiki/Ariosofi" title="Ariosofi">ariosofien</a>. </p><p>Han var i sin tænkning påvirket af bl.a. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Arthur_Gobineau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Arthur Gobineau (ikke skrevet endnu)">Joseph Arthur Gobineau</a> og <a href="/wiki/Helena_Petrovna_Blavatsky" title="Helena Petrovna Blavatsky">Helena Petrovna Blavatsky</a>. Han troede på eksistensen af en verdensomspænende <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jødisk">jødisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Sammensv%C3%A6rgelse" class="mw-redirect" title="Sammensværgelse">sammensværgelse</a> mod den <a href="/wiki/Arier" title="Arier">ariske</a> <a href="/wiki/Race" title="Race">race</a>. </p><p>Von List blev født i <a href="/wiki/Wien" title="Wien">Wien</a> og voksede op i en <a href="/wiki/Romersk-katolsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Romersk-katolsk">romersk-katolsk</a> familie, hvor det var forventet, at han skulle følge i sin faders fodspor som forretningsmand. Von List viste imidlertid interesser for <a href="/wiki/Hedenskab" title="Hedenskab">hedenske</a> ritualer m.v. og ældre nordisk religion. Han blev tilknyttet organisationen Österreichischer Alpenverein, som han i 1871 blev sekretær for. Han var aktiv med vandringer i alperne. Von List skrev til flere aviser med refleksioner over livet i bjergene og mysticisme. En del af disse udgivelser blev senere udgivet i bogen <i>Deutsch-Mythologische Landschaftsbilder</i> med illustrationer af von List selv. </p><p>Guido von List var stærkt inspireret af de <a href="/wiki/Teosofi" title="Teosofi">teosofiske</a> tanker af bl.a. <a href="/wiki/Madame_Blavatsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Blavatsky">Madame Blavatsky</a>, som han indførte i sine egne overvejelser om race og religiøse anskuelser, der var baseret på tysk hedenskab. Von List kaldte sin doktrin for “<a href="/w/index.php?title=Armanisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Armanisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Armanisme</a>”, der var baseret på forestillinger om sol-konger i en hedensk germansk religion. Von List hævdede, at den romersk-katolske dominans i Østrig-Ungarn udgjorde en okkupation af de germanske stammer oprindelig udtænkt af Det Romerske Imperium, og som fortsat udgjorde en undertrykkelse af det tyske folk og kelterne. </p><p>Han mente også, at der var magiske kræfter i de gamle <a href="/wiki/Runealfabet" title="Runealfabet">runer</a>. I 1891 hævdede han, at <a href="/wiki/Heraldik" title="Heraldik">heraldikken</a> var baseret på <a href="/wiki/Runemagi" title="Runemagi">runemagi</a>. Idéen om runernes magi var bærende for von Lists tænkning. Han skrev artiklen "Das Geheimnis der Runen" i 1906, der dog blev afvist trykt i videnskabelige tidsskrifter, men fik i 1908 udgivet artiklen i udvidet form som bog. </p><p>Det er omdiskuteret i hvilket omfang von Lists idéer og okkultisme var direkte inspiration for den okkulte nazisme, som dyrket af bl.a. SS-lederen <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>. Von Lists <a href="/wiki/Ariosofi" title="Ariosofi">ariosofi</a> var tæt forbundet med <a href="/wiki/Thuleselskabet" title="Thuleselskabet">Thuleselskabets</a> filosofi. Thuleselskabet grundlagde partiet <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Arbeiterpartei" title="Deutsche Arbeiterpartei">Deutsche Arbeiterpartei</a> (DAP), der var forgængeren til Tysklands naziparti <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guido_von_List&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guido_von_List&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Se også"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Rudolf Steiner</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_henvisninger">Eksterne henvisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guido_von_List&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne henvisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guido_von_List&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Eksterne henvisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="plainlinks" style="display:inline;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/11px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> har flere filer relateret til <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Guido_von_List" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Guido von List">Guido von List</a></b> </div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm;jsessionid=B6ACE88F5FE8431CD2161CCACC7C9E5B.prod-worker5?query=Guido+von+List&amp;method=simpleSearch">Værker af Guido von List på Deutschen Nationalbibliothek</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(tysk)</span></li></ul> <table class="" style="width: 100%; float: none; margin: 0 auto; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #66bb77;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;"> <tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;"><span class="metadata"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Østrig"><img alt="Østrig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/80px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td><td style="width:100%"><b>Spire</b><br /><div style="font-size:85%;line-height:135%;">Denne <a href="/wiki/Biografi" title="Biografi">biografi</a> om en <a href="/wiki/%C3%98strigere" class="mw-redirect" title="Østrigere">østriger</a> er en <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Stub" title="Hjælp:Stub">spire</a> som bør udbygges. 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