Management & Entrepreneurship research area

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <script> //let partyLib = '/themes/custom/icbs/build/js/partytown/'; //if (window.location.href.indexOf("business-school") > -1) { // partyLib = '/business-school' + partyLib; //} //partytown = { // lib: partyLib, // //forward: ['dataLayer.push', 'fbq'], // //resolveUrl: function (url, location, type) { // // //if (type === 'script') { // // // const proxyUrl = new URL('https://cdn.builder.codes/api/v1/js-proxy'); // // // proxyUrl.searchParams.append('url', url.href); // // // proxyUrl.searchParams.append('apiKey', '15f3da5fbb10456e95a390848ef2b861'); // // // return proxyUrl; // // //} // // if (type === 'script') { // // var proxyUrl = new URL('https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/'); // // proxyUrl.searchParams.append('url', url.href); // // return proxyUrl; // // } // // return url; // //}, //}; // ///* Partytown 0.7.0 - MIT builder.io */ //!function(t,e,n,i,r,o,a,d,s,c,p,l){function u(){l||(l=1,"/"==(a=(o.lib||"/~partytown/")+(o.debug?"debug/":""))[0]&&(s=e.querySelectorAll('script[type="text/partytown"]'),i!=t?i.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("pt1",{detail:t})):(d=setTimeout(w,1e4),e.addEventListener("pt0",f),r?h(1):n.serviceWorker?n.serviceWorker.register(a+(o.swPath||"partytown-sw.js"),{scope:a}).then((function(t){t.active?h():t.installing&&t.installing.addEventListener("statechange",(function(t){"activated"==t.target.state&&h()}))}),console.error):w())))}function h(t){c=e.createElement(t?"script":"iframe"),t||(c.setAttribute("style","display:block;width:0;height:0;border:0;visibility:hidden"),c.setAttribute("aria-hidden",!0)),c.src=a+"partytown-"+(t?"atomics.js?v=0.7.0":"sandbox-sw.html?"+Date.now()),e.body.appendChild(c)}function w(t,n){for(f(),t=0;t<s.length;t++)(n=e.createElement("script")).innerHTML=s[t].innerHTML,e.head.appendChild(n);c&&c.parentNode.removeChild(c)}function f(){clearTimeout(d)}o=t.partytown||{},i==t&&(o.forward||[]).map((function(e){p=t,e.split(".").map((function(e,n,i){p=p[i[n]]=n+1<i.length?"push"==i[n+1]?[]:p[i[n]]||{}:function(){(t._ptf=t._ptf||[]).push(i,arguments)}}))})),"complete"==e.readyState?u():(t.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",u),t.addEventListener("load",u))}(window,document,navigator,top,window.crossOriginIsolated); </script>  <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="504a1c92-b457-4e6b-ac1a-afd67320ff16" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script>   <script> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-NLPNR5'); </script>  <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="Join us in research on management and entrepreneurship at Imperial College Business School." /> <meta name="abstract" content="Study management and entrepreneurship at Imperial College Business School. Work with renowned faculty and conduct innovative research" /> <meta name="geo.position" content="51.499273, -0.174787" /> <meta name="geo.region" content="GB" /> <meta name="geo.placename" content="London" /> <meta name="icbm" content="51.499273, -0.174787" /> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow" /> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/phd/management/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Imperial College Business School" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Programme page" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/phd/management/" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Management & Entrepreneurship" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The emergence of new technologies and unprecedented global challenges, encompassing environmental, social, and health crises, necessitate the pursuit of innovative approaches to business" /> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/sites/default/files/2023-10/Students%20on%20campus%204.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The emergence of new technologies and unprecedented global challenges, encompassing environmental, social, and health crises, necessitate the pursuit of innovative approaches to business" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Management & Entrepreneurship" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ImperialBiz" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/phd/management/" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/sites/default/files/2023-10/Students%20on%20campus%204.jpg" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1120036338",accountID:"3403031",trustKey:"66686",xpid:"VwIHUlZQCRABVFJUDggGV1cJ",licenseKey:"NRJS-dc31a2b6da7019ef036",applicationID:"1036991138"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <link rel="icon" href="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <title>Management & Entrepreneurship research area - Business School</title> <link rel="preload" href="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/fonts/NeueHaasUnica/NeueHaasUnicaW05-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/fonts/NeueHaasUnica/NeueHaasUnicaW05-Medium.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Raleway&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/business-school/sites/default/files/css/css_ZMbvgme7ozD-JsV4RZS97k2Bg4jNHuvkoTxfxqJKmLk.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=icbs&include=eJxtUluOgzAMvBA0R0JO4kK2Jo5sU5U9_aYEVEH3J7Jm_JwJ_MBrIIaI4uAT32wS9h6lUw4JaJgxJhgo5Ye6b6im44ydrmo4Ow-KXSBQXU_xjKowonaBBV1mmYHSL3YpeHUjsQdq8Z3ZUHoIQeoMA0ucN2ZoWepS4KxoLb3t02-bfCHnjjFKXeKEBSbCEffyAgKjQJnURVkK0O2D3JZcFk9JJ4x7C8JX8oR9MGiI4Wvf6g5hIVv7AMKLIl0qDOp7xWpxn-aq0T9Egza2JZ4bAx-3WwqPtdfFZ3g2qfdLniiVq7rU2Xpi3hpA0evYCYUbRMnWw8bMEQ_00Hfi2jxlw2xnoyCHiWX7JcOz2h3BWM4pXN7-6qAIEqb9iGTYe4EcUx4v1uNQuCzlD3FQDGQ" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/business-school/sites/default/files/css/css_QxV2fDzhvU4ca6WEYWlt_uxEafb8aDzk90XXZ8CAVk4.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=icbs&include=eJxtUluOgzAMvBA0R0JO4kK2Jo5sU5U9_aYEVEH3J7Jm_JwJ_MBrIIaI4uAT32wS9h6lUw4JaJgxJhgo5Ye6b6im44ydrmo4Ow-KXSBQXU_xjKowonaBBV1mmYHSL3YpeHUjsQdq8Z3ZUHoIQeoMA0ucN2ZoWepS4KxoLb3t02-bfCHnjjFKXeKEBSbCEffyAgKjQJnURVkK0O2D3JZcFk9JJ4x7C8JX8oR9MGiI4Wvf6g5hIVv7AMKLIl0qDOp7xWpxn-aq0T9Egza2JZ4bAx-3WwqPtdfFZ3g2qfdLniiVq7rU2Xpi3hpA0evYCYUbRMnWw8bMEQ_00Hfi2jxlw2xnoyCHiWX7JcOz2h3BWM4pXN7-6qAIEqb9iGTYe4EcUx4v1uNQuCzlD3FQDGQ" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/business-school/sites/default/files/css/css_D2TrI21xhRID5Si8lynGK07s47gcIxHDJ3-pItlmp1Q.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=icbs&include=eJxtUluOgzAMvBA0R0JO4kK2Jo5sU5U9_aYEVEH3J7Jm_JwJ_MBrIIaI4uAT32wS9h6lUw4JaJgxJhgo5Ye6b6im44ydrmo4Ow-KXSBQXU_xjKowonaBBV1mmYHSL3YpeHUjsQdq8Z3ZUHoIQeoMA0ucN2ZoWepS4KxoLb3t02-bfCHnjjFKXeKEBSbCEffyAgKjQJnURVkK0O2D3JZcFk9JJ4x7C8JX8oR9MGiI4Wvf6g5hIVv7AMKLIl0qDOp7xWpxn-aq0T9Egza2JZ4bAx-3WwqPtdfFZ3g2qfdLniiVq7rU2Xpi3hpA0evYCYUbRMnWw8bMEQ_00Hfi2jxlw2xnoyCHiWX7JcOz2h3BWM4pXN7-6qAIEqb9iGTYe4EcUx4v1uNQuCzlD3FQDGQ" /> <script src="/business-school/core/assets/vendor/modernizr/modernizr.min.js?v=3.11.7"></script> </head> <body class="programme-basic programme-page-basic path-node page-node-type-programme-page">  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NLPNR5" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div id="page-wrapper"> <div id="page" class="page page--flexible-page-builder"> <header id="header" class="header" role="banner" aria-label="Site header"> <div class="section layout-container clearfix"> <div class="region region-header"> <div class="region__outer"> <div id="js-header-region-inner" class="region__inner"> <div class="c-site-branding"> <a href="/business-school/" title="Home" class="c-site-branding__site-logo" rel="home" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/logo.svg" alt="Home" id="site-logo--static" /> <div id="site-logo--animated"></div> </a> </div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-secondarytopnavigation-menu" id="block-secondarytopnavigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--secondary-top-navigation"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-secondarytopnavigation-menu">Secondary Top Navigation</h2> <ul class="menu secondary-top-navigation"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/news/" data-drupal-link-system-path=""> News <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/blogs/" data-drupal-link-system-path=""> Blogs <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/events/" data-drupal-link-system-path=""> Events <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/corporate-relations/" data-drupal-link-system-path=""> Corporate Relations <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="block-search-block-header" class="block block-icbs-search block-search-block block--"> <button type="button" aria-label="Toggle search box" class="button button--header icbs-search-drawer__button js-drawer-search-toggle"> <i class="fa fa-times js-drawer-search-toggle search--close"></i> <i class="fa fa-search js-drawer-search-toggle search--open"></i> <span class="js-drawer-search-toggle search--open">Search</span> <span class="js-drawer-search-toggle search--close">Close</span> </button> <div style="display:none;"> <div id="js-icbs-search-drawer" class="icbs-search-drawer"> <form class="search-form" data-drupal-selector="search-form" novalidate="novalidate" action="/business-school/phd/management/" method="post" id="search-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textfield form-type-textfield js-form-item-search-textfield form-item-search-textfield form-no-label"> <label for="edit-search-textfield" class="visually-hidden">Search</label> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-search-textfield" type="text" id="edit-search-textfield" name="search_textfield" value="" size="64" maxlength="64" placeholder="Type your query here..." class="form-text" /> </div> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit button--primary" /> <input autocomplete="off" data-drupal-selector="form-3ykcmuoex0albnawjqwtworblh-moj9jfppoy-rdckk" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-3YkCMUOEX0aLBnaWjqwtWORblH-MOj9jFppOy-RdCKk" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-search-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_form" /> </form> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" id="js-drawer-menu-toggle" aria-label="Toggle menu" class="button button--header region-header__drawer-menu-toggle js-drawer-menu-toggle"> Menu <i class="fa fa-bars"></i> </button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region region-primary-menu"> <div class="region__outer"> <div class="region__inner"> <div id="block-icbs-megamenu" class="block block-icbs-navigation block-main-menu-block block--"> <div class="megamenu-container"> <nav class="megamenu"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-0" data-menu-level="0"> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About us</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/rankings-facts-and-figures/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5388">Rankings, facts and figures</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/history/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4">History</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/leadership/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4763">Leadership</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/publications/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8">Publications</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/global-initiatives/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Global Initiatives</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/corporate-relations/giving/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Giving</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/culture-and-inclusion/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6578">Culture and inclusion</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/job-opportunities/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Job opportunities</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/professional-staff/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17">Professional staff</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/careers/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3453">Careers</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/idea-lab/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6472">IDEA Lab</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/living-london/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19">Living in London</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/locations/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12">Locations</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/contact-us/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3446">Contact us</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/mba/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6282">MBA</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/mba/full-time-mba/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/968">Full-Time MBA</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/mba/global-online-mba/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2387">Global Online MBA</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/mba/weekend-mba/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2271">Weekend MBA</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/mba/executive-mba/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1107">Executive MBA</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/mba/connect/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6340">Connect with us</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/mba/compare/?compare%5B0%5D=1&compare%5B1%5D=2&compare%5B2%5D=3&compare%5B3%5D=4" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-query="{"compare":["1","2","3","4"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6283">Compare our MBA programmes</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/our-students/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6302">Our students</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/imperial-advantage/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6284">The Imperial advantage</a> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-ctas"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/meet-us/" class="button button--cta "> Register for an upcoming MBA event </a> <a href="/business-school/mba/brochure/" class="button button--cta "> Download brochure </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/masters/" class="megamenu__link" title="MSc" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6305">Masters'</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/masters/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6305">Finance Masters'</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/finance/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1879">MSc Finance</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/finance-accounting/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2563">MSc Finance & Accounting</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/financial-technology/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2480">MSc Financial Technology</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/investment-wealth-management/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2594">MSc Investment & Wealth Management</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/risk-management/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2672">MSc Risk Management & Financial Engineering</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/compare-finance-masters/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6311">Compare our Finance Masters'</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/masters/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6305">Management Masters'</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/management/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6757">MSc in Management (MiM)</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/economics-strategy-business/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2769">MSc Economics & Strategy for Business</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/strategic-marketing/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2779">MSc Strategic Marketing</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/strategic-marketing-online/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6319">MSc Strategic Marketing (online, part-time)</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/masters/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6305">Specialised Masters'</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/business-analytics/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2870">MSc Business Analytics</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/business-analytics-online/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6341">MSc Business Analytics (online, part-time)</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/climate-change-management-finance/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2896">MSc Climate Change, Management & Finance</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/innovation-entrepreneurship-management/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2891">MSc Innovation, Entrepreneurship & Management</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/global-health-management/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2904">MSc Global Health Management</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6305">All MSc programmes</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/connect/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6435">Connect with us</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/our-students/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6302">Our students</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/imperial-advantage/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6284">The Imperial advantage</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/extended-term/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6774">Extended term</a> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-ctas"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/meet-us/" class="button button--cta "> Register for an upcoming MSc event </a> <a href="/business-school/masters/brochure/" class="button button--cta "> Download brochure </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6323">Undergraduate</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/economics-finance-data-science/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5708">BSc Economics, Finance and Data Science</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/economics-finance-data-science/how-to-apply/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5709">Admissions</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/economics-finance-data-science/funding-scholarships/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6066">Funding and scholarships</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/economics-finance-data-science/careers/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5715">Careers</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/economics-finance-data-science/class-profile/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6500">Class profile</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/economics-finance-data-science/student-experience/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5712">Student experience</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/joint-honours/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3270">Joint Honours</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/intercalated/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3278">Intercalated BSc</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/bpes/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3263">BPES modules</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/biomedical-technology-ventures/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6022">BSc Biomedical Technology Ventures</a> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-ctas"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/meet-us/" class="button button--cta "> Register for an upcoming event </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--active-trail js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/phd/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3081">PhD</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/admissions/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3124">Admissions</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/funding-scholarships/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3151">Funding and scholarships</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/career-impact/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3172">Career impact</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/analytics/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3960">Analytics & Operations</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/economics/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3981">Economics & Public Policy</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/finance/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3982">Finance</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--active-trail"> <a href="/business-school/phd/management/" class="megamenu__link is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6856">Management & Entrepreneurship</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/marketing/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3984">Marketing</a> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-ctas"> <a href="/business-school/phd/brochure/" class="button button--cta "> Download brochure </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3578">Faculty & Research</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/faculty/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3579">Faculty</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/faculty/people/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1529">People</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/faculty/honorary-fellows/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4260">Honorary Fellows</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/faculty/join-imperial/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3580">Join Imperial</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/academic-areas/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1596">Academic areas</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/academic-areas/analytics-operations/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2963">Analytics & Operations</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/academic-areas/economics-public-policy/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2872">Economics & Public Policy</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/academic-areas/finance/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2842">Finance</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/academic-areas/management-entrepreneurship/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2873">Management & Entrepreneurship</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/academic-areas/marketing/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2964">Marketing</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1908">Research Centres</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/brevan-howard-centre-financial-analysis/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/137">Brevan Howard Centre for Financial Analysis</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/centre-climate-finance-investment/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/139">Centre for Climate Finance & Investment</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/centre-digital-transformation/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4945">Centre for Digital Transformation</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/centre-financial-technology/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">Centre for Financial Technology</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/centre-health-economics-policy-innovation/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/404">Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/centre-responsible-leadership/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4373">Centre for Responsible Leadership</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/gandhi-centre-inclusive-innovation/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/520">Gandhi Centre for Inclusive Innovation</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/imperial-business-design-studio/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4122">Imperial Business Design Studio</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/leonardo-centre-business-society/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3571">Leonardo Centre on Business for Society</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/our-research/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1906">Our Research</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/our-research/coronavirus-covid-19-related-research/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4431">Coronavirus (COVID-19)-related research</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3081">Doctoral Programme</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3454">IB Knowledge</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/our-research/research-impact/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1911">Research impact</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/our-research/research-support/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3368">Research Support</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/our-research/publications/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6088">Publications</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1111">Executive Education</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/apprenticeship-programmes/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5418">Apprenticeship programmes</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/apprenticeship-programmes/data-analytics/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6382">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/apprenticeship-programmes/healthcare/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6398">Healthcare</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/apprenticeship-programmes/leadership/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16">Leadership</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/short-courses/" title="All categories" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2361">Short executive programmes</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/technology-analytics-data/" title="Technology, analytics and data science" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2525">Technology & Analytics</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/marketing-innovation-strategy/" title="Marketing, innovation & strategy" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2529">Marketing & Strategy</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/sustainability-climate/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2569">Sustainability & Climate</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/finance-economics/" title="Finance" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2447">Finance & Economics</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/healthcare/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6074">Healthcare</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/leadership/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6075">Leadership</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/custom-programmes/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4308">Custom programmes</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/custom-programmes/why-imperial/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/465">Why Imperial ?</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/custom-programmes/approach/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5931">Our approach</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/contact-us/custom-programmes-enquiries/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2574">Book a free consultation</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/custom-programmes/testimonials/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4196">Testimonials</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/associate-alumni/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5156">Associate Alumni</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/events/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4282">Events & webinars</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/faqs/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3383">FAQs</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/about-us/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2609">About us</a> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-ctas"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/contact-us/" class="button button--cta "> Contact us </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3454">IB Knowledge</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/entrepreneurship-innovation/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3411">Entrepreneurship & Innovation</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/finance/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3412">Finance</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/technology/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3416">Technology</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/management/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3413">Management</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/marketing/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3415">Marketing</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/health/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3414">Health</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/strategy-leadership/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3410">Strategy & Leadership</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3436">Alumni</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22">Stay Connected</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/frequently-asked-questions/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/64">FAQs</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/alumni/imperial-plexus/" class="megamenu__link">Alumni Log-In</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/advisory-board/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23">Alumni Advisory Board</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/alumni-profiles/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2463">Alumni Profiles</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/alumni-social-media-groups/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/38">Alumni Social Media Groups</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/business-directory/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/39">Alumni Business Directory</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/why-alumni-give/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66">Why Alumni Give</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/magazines-and-enewsletters/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40">Magazines & eNewsletters</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/get-involved/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42">Get Involved</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/get-involved/volunteering/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43">Volunteering</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/corporate-relations/corporate-partnerships/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/53">Business Services</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/keep-learning/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/47">Keep Learning</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/keep-learning/professional-interest-networks/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/48">Professional Interest Networks</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/keep-learning/electives/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/49">Electives</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/keep-learning/professional-development-webinars/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/50">Professional Development Webinars</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1111">Executive Education</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/career-support/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51">Career Support</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/career-support/jobs-board/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/61">Jobs Board</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/career-support/student-services/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63">Student Services</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-ctas"> <a href="/business-school/giving/" class="button button--cta "> Donate to Imperial </a> <a href="https://imperial.eu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_5gsYbX2KlJQReCh?Q_JFE=qdg" class="button button--cta "> Update your details </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="drawer-menu__wrapper"> <div class="drawer-menu__buttons"> <button type="button" disabled aria-label="Go back a level" class=" drawer-menu__back-link js-drawer-submenu-reset"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Menu </button> <button type="button" aria-label="Close menu" class="button button--header js-drawer-menu-toggle"><i class="fa fa-times js-drawer-menu-toggle"></i></button> </div> <nav class="drawer-menu" id="drawer-ajax-content"> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="page-header-wrapper" class="layout-page-header layout-container clearfix"> <div class="region region-breadcrumb"> <div class="region__outer"> <div class="region__inner"> <div id="block-icbs-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block block--"> <nav class="breadcrumb" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li> <a href="/business-school/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/business-school/phd/">PhD</a> </li> <li> Management & Entrepreneurship </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div class="region__outer"> <div class="region__inner"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <main role="main" id="main-wrapper" class="clearfix"> <div id="main" class="layout-main"> <div id="content" class="flexible-page-builder column main-content"> <div class="section content"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <div class="region__outer"> <div class="region__inner"> <div id="block-icbs-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block block--"> <article class="node node--type-programme-page node--view-mode-flexible-page-builder"> <div class="node__content_flexible_page_builder"> <header class="c-flexible-hero c-flexible-hero--cta c-flexible-hero--thin"> <div class="c-flexible-hero__hero"> <div class="c-flexible-hero__text"> <div class="c-flexible-hero__cta"> <div class="c-flexible-hero__wrapper"> <a href="/business-school/phd/brochure/" class="c-flexible-hero__cta__link" >Request a brochure</a> </div> </div> <div class="c-flexible-hero__header"> <div class="c-flexible-hero__wrapper"> <h1 class="c-flexible-hero__title">Management & Entrepreneurship</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <article class="course-info-hero"> <div class="course-info-hero__infobar"> <div class="course-info-hero__infobar__study-mode-select"> <div class="course-info-hero__infobar__select"> <label for="course-info-hero__infobar__select_field"><strong><span id="course-info-hero__infobar__select_field__label">Choose start date:</span></strong></label> <div class="course-info-hero__infobar__select_field__wrapper"> <select id="course-info-hero__infobar__select_field" class="course-info-hero__infobar__select_field"> </select> </div> </div> <div class="course-info-hero__infobar__study-modes"> <div id="course-info-hero__study-mode__18" class="course-info-hero__infobar__study-mode" data-override-label-start-date=""> <div class="course-info-hero__info course-info-hero__info--start-date"> <span class="course-info-hero__info__label"><strong>Start date:</strong></span><br> <span class="course-info-hero__info__value"><time datetime="2025-09-01T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">September 2025</time> </span> </div> <div class="course-info-hero__info course-info-hero__info--duration"> <strong>Duration:</strong><br> <span class="course-info-hero__info__value">Five to six years</span> </div> <div class="course-info-hero__info course-info-hero__info--deadline"> <strong>Deadline:</strong><br> <span class="course-info-hero__info__value"> <time datetime="2024-12-02T17:00:00Z" class="datetime">2 December 2024</time> </span> </div> <div class="course-info-hero__info course-info-hero__info--fee"> <strong>Fee:</strong><br> <span class="course-info-hero__info__value"> Fully funded </span> </div> <div class="course-info-hero__info course-info-hero__info--location"> <strong>Location:</strong><br> <span class="course-info-hero__info__value">London, UK</span> </div> </div> <div class=" field-group-tabs-wrapper"><div data-vertical-tabs-panes><input class="vertical-tabs__active-tab" type="hidden" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </header> <nav aria-label="Page Contents" role="navigation" class="sticky-subnav sticky-subnav--white"> <div class="sticky-subnav__container"> <div class="sticky-subnav__active"></div> <button class="sticky-subnav__toggle" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sticky-subnav">Show page contents</button> <div class="sticky-subnav__nav-container"> <div id="sticky-subnav" class="sticky-subnav__nav nav"> <a class="sticky-subnav__link nav-link" href="#overview"><span id="label-overview">Overview</span></a> <a class="sticky-subnav__link nav-link" href="#research-centres"><span id="label-research-centres">Research centres</span></a> <a class="sticky-subnav__link nav-link" href="#research-areas"><span id="label-research-areas">Research areas</span></a> <a class="sticky-subnav__link nav-link" href="#doctoral-theses"><span id="label-doctoral-theses">Doctoral theses and publications</span></a> <a class="sticky-subnav__link nav-link" href="#faculty"><span id="label-faculty">Faculty</span></a> </div> </div> <a class="sticky-subnav__cta button button--primary" href="/business-school/phd/admissions/">Admissions</a> </div> </nav> <section id="overview" role="region" aria-labelledby="label-overview" class="paragraph paragraph--full-width-section paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--section--colour--section-white paragraph--section--padding--default-padding sticky-subnav-section"> <div class="flexible-paragraph-component"> <article class="paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--margin flexible-text-section--large-text flexible-text-section" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-duration="1200"> <div class="flexible-text-section__container"> <div class="field field--name-field-body field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="text-formatted "> <h2>Work with renowned faculty and conduct innovative research</h2> <p><small>The <a href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/faculty-research/academic-areas/management-entrepreneurship/" target="_blank">Department of Management and Entrepreneurship</a> brings together cutting-edge scientific thought leadership across various areas related to strategic leadership, organisational management, and innovation processes. Our focus extends to entrepreneurship, digitalisation, sustainability, and knowledge management, creating a dynamic environment for scholarly exploration and educational excellence. Our scholarship and educational activities encompass a comprehensive range of analyses, spanning from individual traits and group dynamics to the broader organisational and ecosystem levels. </small></p> <p><small>This is perhaps best represented in our fully-funded MRes/PhD programme, which provides students two years of training in key theoretical and methodological topics followed by three to four years to develop cutting-edge research with supervision by our research faculty. We welcome doctoral applicants from a wide variety of academic disciplines who are united by a desire to conduct innovative research. You may also be co-supervised by faculty in other departments in the School, depending on your research interests.</small></p> <p><small>We understand that the emergence of new technologies and unprecedented global challenges, encompassing environmental, social, and health crises, necessitate the pursuit of innovative approaches to business. Our esteemed faculty delve into a myriad of research questions, including but not limited to exploring the profound implications of personal and group dynamics on organisational well-being and success, driving transformational change and fostering social impact through innovation, redesigning companies for stakeholder-driven value creation, crafting go-to-market strategies for scientific and social innovations, and establishing and nurturing entrepreneurial ecosystems.</small></p> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section id="research-centres" role="region" aria-labelledby="label-research-centres" class="paragraph paragraph--full-width-section paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--section--colour--section-silver paragraph--section--padding--default-padding sticky-subnav-section"> <div class="flexible-paragraph-component"> <article class="paragraph paragraph--small-image-carousel paragraph--view-mode--default image-text-carousel"> <div class="image-text-carousel__container" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="300" data-aos-duration="1200"> <div class="image-text-carousel__listings"> <article class="paragraph paragraph--small-image-carousel-item paragraph--view-mode--default carousel-item"> <figure class="carousel-item__media"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2023-06/BG6I1410OPX%2001_0%201%20%281%29.webp?itok=r_ugNg_c 1x" type="image/webp" width="808" height="450"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2023-06/BG6I1410OPX%2001_0%201%20%281%29.jpg?itok=r_ugNg_c 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="808" height="450"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2023-06/BG6I1410OPX%2001_0%201%20%281%29.jpg?itok=r_ugNg_c 1x" width="808" height="450" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2023-06/BG6I1410OPX%2001_0%201%20%281%29.jpg?itok=r_ugNg_c" alt="Data observatory" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="carousel-item__caption"> <h3 class="carousel-item__heading">Research centres and partnerships</h3> <div class="carousel-item__description"><p>The Business School is home to several research centres and institutes, offering a diverse range of activities that bring together academics and specialists. </p></div> </div> </article> <article class="paragraph paragraph--small-image-carousel-item paragraph--view-mode--default carousel-item"> <figure class="carousel-item__media"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2019-07/imperial%20college%20building%20main.webp?itok=qmCuQmuZ 1x" type="image/webp" width="808" height="450"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2019-07/imperial%20college%20building%20main.jpg?itok=qmCuQmuZ 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="808" height="450"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2019-07/imperial%20college%20building%20main.jpg?itok=qmCuQmuZ 1x" width="808" height="450" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2019-07/imperial%20college%20building%20main.jpg?itok=qmCuQmuZ" alt="Imperial College Business School main entrance" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="carousel-item__caption"> <h3 class="carousel-item__heading">Centre for Digital Transformation </h3> <div class="carousel-item__description"><p>The Centre for Digital Transformation helps businesses understand the far-reaching organisational implications of the digital revolution. From artificial intelligence (AI) to the Internet of Things to blockchain, the Centre’s work focuses on new and emerging digital technologies, and how they can be leveraged to meet both business and social objectives. </p></div> </div> </article> <article class="paragraph paragraph--small-image-carousel-item paragraph--view-mode--default carousel-item"> <figure class="carousel-item__media"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2021-12/Centre%20for%20Responsible%20Leadership.webp?itok=CZsFnB45 1x" type="image/webp" width="808" height="450"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2021-12/Centre%20for%20Responsible%20Leadership.jpg?itok=CZsFnB45 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="808" height="450"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2021-12/Centre%20for%20Responsible%20Leadership.jpg?itok=CZsFnB45 1x" width="808" height="450" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2021-12/Centre%20for%20Responsible%20Leadership.jpg?itok=CZsFnB45" alt="Centre for Responsible Leadership" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="carousel-item__caption"> <h3 class="carousel-item__heading">Centre for Responsible Leadership</h3> <div class="carousel-item__description"><p>Using evidence-based research to create a focus on generating meaningful change in businesses and organisations.</p></div> </div> </article> <article class="paragraph paragraph--small-image-carousel-item paragraph--view-mode--default carousel-item"> <figure class="carousel-item__media"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2023-06/gandhi-centre.webp?itok=lntNPRLr 1x" type="image/webp" width="808" height="450"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2023-06/gandhi-centre.jpg?itok=lntNPRLr 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="808" height="450"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2023-06/gandhi-centre.jpg?itok=lntNPRLr 1x" width="808" height="450" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2023-06/gandhi-centre.jpg?itok=lntNPRLr" alt="gandhi-centre" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="carousel-item__caption"> <h3 class="carousel-item__heading">Gandhi Centre for Inclusive Innovation </h3> <div class="carousel-item__description"><p>Linking innovation and entrepreneurship in companies and institutions globally, through thought leadership, research, technology and next-generation innovation models. </p></div> </div> </article> <article class="paragraph paragraph--small-image-carousel-item paragraph--view-mode--default carousel-item"> <figure class="carousel-item__media"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2020-02/20-016%20-%20Design%20Studio%20web_1280x1024_black.webp?itok=xAD-PhVt 1x" type="image/webp" width="808" height="450"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2020-02/20-016%20-%20Design%20Studio%20web_1280x1024_black.jpg?itok=xAD-PhVt 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="808" height="450"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2020-02/20-016%20-%20Design%20Studio%20web_1280x1024_black.jpg?itok=xAD-PhVt 1x" width="808" height="450" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2020-02/20-016%20-%20Design%20Studio%20web_1280x1024_black.jpg?itok=xAD-PhVt" alt="Imperial Business Design Studio" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="carousel-item__caption"> <h3 class="carousel-item__heading">Imperial Business Design Studio</h3> <div class="carousel-item__description"><p>Creating new empirical evidence on the impact of design thinking on business and the relationship between business, technology and data.</p></div> </div> </article> <article class="paragraph paragraph--small-image-carousel-item paragraph--view-mode--default carousel-item"> <figure class="carousel-item__media"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2021-09/21-044%20-%20Leonardo%20Centre%20webpage_01.webp?itok=Rs4NN3AP 1x" type="image/webp" width="808" height="450"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2021-09/21-044%20-%20Leonardo%20Centre%20webpage_01.png?itok=Rs4NN3AP 1x" type="image/png" width="808" height="450"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2021-09/21-044%20-%20Leonardo%20Centre%20webpage_01.png?itok=Rs4NN3AP 1x" width="808" height="450" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/small_image_carousel/public/2021-09/21-044%20-%20Leonardo%20Centre%20webpage_01.png?itok=Rs4NN3AP" alt="Leonardo Centre" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="carousel-item__caption"> <h3 class="carousel-item__heading">Leonardo Centre</h3> <div class="carousel-item__description"><p>Exploring and experimenting with new ways of doing business to regenerate economies, communities, and natural environments around the world. </p></div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="image-text-carousel__controls"> <div class="carousel-controls__pager"> <div class="carousel-controls__pager__current"></div> / <div class="carousel-controls__pager__total"></div> </div> <div class="carousel-controls__buttons"> <button class="carousel-controls__button carousel-controls__button--prev" aria-label="Previous" type="button"></button> <button class="carousel-controls__button carousel-controls__button--next" aria-label="Next" type="button"></button> </div> </div> <div class="image-text-carousel__footer"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/" class="image-text-carousel__link" >Discover our research centres</a> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section id="research-areas" role="region" aria-labelledby="label-research-areas" class="paragraph paragraph--full-width-section paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--section--colour--section-white paragraph--section--padding--default-padding sticky-subnav-section"> <div class="flexible-paragraph-component"> <article class="paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--margin flexible-text-section--large-text flexible-text-section" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-duration="1200"> <div class="flexible-text-section__container"> <div class="field field--name-field-body field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="text-formatted "> <h2>Research areas</h2> <h3>Innovation & Entrepreneurship</h3> <p><small>Faculty and students in the field undertake research into the innovation and entrepreneurship process, from identifying pockets of original knowledge in the search for ideas, to the diffusion and entrepreneurial exploitation of new products, processes, and services.  Faculty members are particularly interested in the core themes of spotting and leveraging entrepreneurial opportunities; managing the innovation process; building and operating entrepreneurial ecosystems; the role of networks in innovation and entrepreneurship; the impact of corporate entrepreneurship on organisational innovation; and commercialising science innovations. </small></p> <h3>Strategy & Organisational Behaviour</h3> <p><small>Researchers in this area are considering a variety of questions on what constitutes effective organisations across a range of different contexts. Some of these questions include understanding the link between senior managerial style and firm strategy, and the effect of team selection processes on success, how organisational contexts affect how we construe, and therefore facilitate, morally problematic behaviour and how business organisations learn to grow and adapt to environmental turbulence. </small></p> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section class="paragraph--section--colour--full-background-component paragraph--section--colour--full-background-component--first paragraph--section--colour--full-background-component--last paragraph paragraph--full-width-section paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--section--colour--section-blue paragraph--section--padding--default-padding sticky-subnav-section" id="teaching-experience" role="region" aria-labelledby="label-teaching-experience"> <div class="flexible-paragraph-component"> <article class="paragraph paragraph--flexible-text-image-card flexible-text-image"> <div class="flexible-text-image__wrapper" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="300" data-aos-duration="1200"> <div class="flexible-text-image__image"> <figure> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x3_960/public/2019-08/Imperial_110517_40.webp?h=0a8b6f8b&itok=Dg75pTqd 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1060px)" type="image/webp" width="960" height="576"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x3_720/public/2019-08/Imperial_110517_40.webp?h=0a8b6f8b&itok=ZfivCesU 1x" media="all and (min-width: 840px)" type="image/webp" width="740" height="445"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x3_560/public/2019-08/Imperial_110517_40.webp?h=0a8b6f8b&itok=f1FDOMpw 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="560" height="336"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x3_480/public/2019-08/Imperial_110517_40.webp?h=0a8b6f8b&itok=2wPQY5AT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 0)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="288"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x3_960/public/2019-08/Imperial_110517_40.jpg?h=0a8b6f8b&itok=Dg75pTqd 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1060px)" type="image/jpeg" width="960" height="576"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x3_720/public/2019-08/Imperial_110517_40.jpg?h=0a8b6f8b&itok=ZfivCesU 1x" media="all and (min-width: 840px)" type="image/jpeg" width="740" height="445"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x3_560/public/2019-08/Imperial_110517_40.jpg?h=0a8b6f8b&itok=f1FDOMpw 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="560" height="336"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x3_480/public/2019-08/Imperial_110517_40.jpg?h=0a8b6f8b&itok=2wPQY5AT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 0)" type="image/jpeg" width="480" height="288"/> <img loading="eager" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x3_960/public/2019-08/Imperial_110517_40.jpg?h=0a8b6f8b&itok=Dg75pTqd" width="960" height="576" alt="Career impact" /> </picture> </figure> </div> <div class="flexible-text-image__container"> <h3 class="flexible-text-image__title"> Teaching experience </h3> <div class="flexible-text-image__copy"> <p>PhD students on the Graduate Teaching Assistant (GTA) scholarship will undertake 150 hours of teaching assistant duties from year three of the programme. There will be opportunities for PhD students to engage in teaching activities within the Business School’s programmes such as MSc in Management, MSc Economics & Strategy for Businesses, MSc Innovation, Entrepreneurship & Management as well as on our MBA.</p> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section id="doctoral-theses" role="region" aria-labelledby="label-doctoral-theses" class="paragraph paragraph--full-width-section paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--section--colour--section-white paragraph--section--padding--default-padding sticky-subnav-section"> <div class="flexible-paragraph-component"> <article class="paragraph paragraph--flexible-table flexible-table" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-duration="1200"> <div class="flexible-table__header"> <h3 class="flexible-table__title">Doctoral theses in Management & Entrepreneurship</h3> </div> <div class="flexible-table__wrapper"> <div class="flexible-table__table table-layout table-layout--none"><div id="tablefield-wrapper-paragraph-48476-field_flexible_table-0" class="tablefield-wrapper"><table id="tablefield-paragraph-48476-field_flexible_table-0" class="tablefield ui celled table" data-striping="1"> <tbody> <tr class="odd"> <td class="row_0 col_0 odd"><p><strong>Name</strong></p></td> <td class="row_0 col_1 even"><p><strong>Thesis</strong></p></td> <td class="row_0 col_2 odd"><p><strong>Supervisor</strong></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td class="row_1 col_0 odd"><p>Jiho Yang </p></td> <td class="row_1 col_1 even"><p>Essays on Organizational Structure and Innovation </p></td> <td class="row_1 col_2 odd"><p>Professor Paola Criscuolo and Dr Dmitry Sharapov </p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td class="row_2 col_0 odd"><p>Stefano Benigni </p></td> <td class="row_2 col_1 even"><p>A cognitive perspective on learning, decision-making, and technology evaluations in organisations </p></td> <td class="row_2 col_2 odd"><p>Professor Paola Criscuolo and Professor Markus Perkmann</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td class="row_3 col_0 odd"><p>Linghe Lei</p></td> <td class="row_3 col_1 even"><p>Toward a Clear Understanding of Self-monitoring and Its Relationship with Leadership </p></td> <td class="row_3 col_2 odd"><p>Dr Jonathan Pinto </p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td class="row_4 col_0 odd"><p>Maxine Yinmiao Yu</p></td> <td class="row_4 col_1 even"><p>Effective Communication in Nascent Markets: Managing Strength and Speed of Trust Development </p></td> <td class="row_4 col_2 odd"><p>Dr Yuri Mishina </p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td class="row_5 col_0 odd"><p>Selina Zhe Cao</p></td> <td class="row_5 col_1 even"><p>Ecosystem synergies, change and orchestration </p></td> <td class="row_5 col_2 odd"><p>Professor Chris Tucci and Dr Dmitry Sharapov</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td class="row_6 col_0 odd"><p>John Callaghan</p></td> <td class="row_6 col_1 even"><p>Three essays on Social Enterprise Performance (survival and growth)</p></td> <td class="row_6 col_2 odd"><p>Professor Markus Perkmann and Professor Michelle Rogan</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td class="row_7 col_0 odd"><p>Damiano Morando</p></td> <td class="row_7 col_1 even"><p>Networking on Twitter: Entrepreneurs’ Quest for Funding</p></td> <td class="row_7 col_2 odd"><p>Professor Anne ter Wal and Professor Paola Criscuolo</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="flexible-paragraph-component"> <article class="paragraph paragraph--flexible-table flexible-table" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-duration="1200"> <div class="flexible-table__header"> <h3 class="flexible-table__title">Publications co-authored by recent PhD students </h3> </div> <div class="flexible-table__wrapper"> <div class="flexible-table__table table-layout table-layout--none"><div id="tablefield-wrapper-paragraph-48496-field_flexible_table-0" class="tablefield-wrapper"><table id="tablefield-paragraph-48496-field_flexible_table-0" class="tablefield ui celled table" data-striping="1"> <tbody> <tr class="odd"> <td class="row_0 col_0 odd"><p><strong>Date</strong></p></td> <td class="row_0 col_1 even"><p><strong>Authors</strong></p></td> <td class="row_0 col_2 odd"><p><strong>Title</strong></p></td> <td class="row_0 col_3 even"><p><strong>Journal</strong></p></td> <td class="row_0 col_4 odd"><p><strong>Volume</strong></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td class="row_1 col_0 odd"><p>November 2023 </p></td> <td class="row_1 col_1 even"><p>Lei, L., Wang, C., Pinto, J. </p></td> <td class="row_1 col_2 odd"><p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/01461672231210778" target="_blank">Do Chameleons Lead Better? A Meta-Analysis of the Self-Monitoring and Leadership Relationship</a> </p></td> <td class="row_1 col_3 even"><p>Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin </p></td> <td class="row_1 col_4 odd"></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td class="row_2 col_0 odd"><p>January 2023 </p></td> <td class="row_2 col_1 even"><p>Posen, H.E., Ross, J-M., Wu, B., Benigni, S., Caro, Z.</p></td> <td class="row_2 col_2 odd"><p><a href="https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/annals.2021.0044" target="_blank">Reconceptualizing Imitation: Implications for Dynamic Capabilities, Innovation, and Competitive Advantage</a> </p></td> <td class="row_2 col_3 even"><p>Academy of Management Annals </p></td> <td class="row_2 col_4 odd"><p>Volume 17, pp.74-112 </p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td class="row_3 col_0 odd"><p>January 2021 </p></td> <td class="row_3 col_1 even"><p>Salandra, R, Criscuolo, P., Salter, A. </p></td> <td class="row_3 col_2 odd"><p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048733320302055" target="_blank">Directing scientists away from potentially biased publications: the role of systematic reviews in health care</a> </p></td> <td class="row_3 col_3 even"><p>Research Policy</p></td> <td class="row_3 col_4 odd"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section id="faculty" role="region" aria-labelledby="label-faculty" class="paragraph paragraph--full-width-section paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--section--colour--section-white paragraph--section--padding--default-padding sticky-subnav-section"> <div class="flexible-paragraph-component"> <article class="paragraph paragraph--faculty-carousel faculty-carousel"> <div class="faculty-carousel__header" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="300" data-aos-duration="1200"> <div class="faculty-carousel__details"> <h2 class="faculty-carousel__title">Meet your faculty</h2> <div class="faculty-carousel__description"><p>Our PhD programme fosters close collaboration between leading Management & Entrepreneurship faculty and doctoral students, developing their research interests and providing continuous support and guidance throughout the programme. </p> </div> </div> <div class="faculty-carousel__carousel-controls"> <div class="carousel-controls__pager"> <div class="carousel-controls__pager__current"></div> / <div class="carousel-controls__pager__total"></div> </div> <div class="carousel-controls__buttons"> <button class="carousel-controls__button carousel-controls__button--prev" aria-label="Previous" type="button"></button> <button class="carousel-controls__button carousel-controls__button--next" aria-label="Next" type="button"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faculty-carousel__listings"> <div class="listing-carousel"> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="1050"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2021-12/Erkko%20Autio.webp?h=aa81dfca&itok=8pF7R54e 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2021-12/Erkko%20Autio.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=8pF7R54e 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2021-12/Erkko%20Autio.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=8pF7R54e 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2021-12/Erkko%20Autio.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=8pF7R54e" alt="Erkko Autio" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Erkko Autio</h3> <div class="profile__role">Chair in Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/erkko.autio" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="1300"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2021-10/Michael%20Yeomans.webp?h=aa81dfca&itok=87DpbZBP 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2021-10/Michael%20Yeomans.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=87DpbZBP 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2021-10/Michael%20Yeomans.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=87DpbZBP 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2021-10/Michael%20Yeomans.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=87DpbZBP" alt="Michael Yeomans" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Michael Yeomans</h3> <div class="profile__role">Assistant Professor in Strategy and Organisational Behaviour</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/m.yeomans" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="1550"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2023-11/Mark%20Kennedy.webp?h=aa81dfca&itok=gyrcjO79 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2023-11/Mark%20Kennedy.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=gyrcjO79 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2023-11/Mark%20Kennedy.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=gyrcjO79 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2023-11/Mark%20Kennedy.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=gyrcjO79" alt="Mark Kennedy" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Mark Kennedy</h3> <div class="profile__role">Associate Professor</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/mark.kennedy" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="1800"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2022-11/Sanaz%20Talaifar.webp?h=aa81dfca&itok=U3P05d0a 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2022-11/Sanaz%20Talaifar.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=U3P05d0a 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2022-11/Sanaz%20Talaifar.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=U3P05d0a 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2022-11/Sanaz%20Talaifar.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=U3P05d0a" alt="Sanaz Talaifar" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Sanaz Talaifar</h3> <div class="profile__role">Assistant Professor in Management</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/s.talaifar" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="2050"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2022-02/Celia%20Moore.webp?h=aa81dfca&itok=GHJ-FDeA 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2022-02/Celia%20Moore.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=GHJ-FDeA 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2022-02/Celia%20Moore.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=GHJ-FDeA 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2022-02/Celia%20Moore.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=GHJ-FDeA" alt="Celia Moore" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Celia Moore</h3> <div class="profile__role">Professor of Organisational Behaviour; Director, Centre for Responsible Leadership</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/c.moore" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="2300"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-04/IB%20Logo.webp?h=aa81dfca&itok=RtnkdWb0 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-04/IB%20Logo.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=RtnkdWb0 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-04/IB%20Logo.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=RtnkdWb0 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-04/IB%20Logo.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=RtnkdWb0" alt="IB Logo" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Susan Scott</h3> <div class="profile__role">Professor of Management & Artificial Intelligence</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/susan.scott" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="2550"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-05/Perkmann%2C%20Markus.webp?h=c6980913&itok=CrrG55Hf 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-05/Perkmann%2C%20Markus.jpg?h=c6980913&itok=CrrG55Hf 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-05/Perkmann%2C%20Markus.jpg?h=c6980913&itok=CrrG55Hf 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-05/Perkmann%2C%20Markus.jpg?h=c6980913&itok=CrrG55Hf" alt="Markus Perkmann" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Markus Perkmann</h3> <div class="profile__role">Vice Dean (Faculty & Research), Professor of Innovation and Entrepreneurship</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/m.perkmann" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="2800"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-05/Hampel%2C%20Chris.webp?h=c6980913&itok=Ahz6wy2o 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-05/Hampel%2C%20Chris.jpg?h=c6980913&itok=Ahz6wy2o 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-05/Hampel%2C%20Chris.jpg?h=c6980913&itok=Ahz6wy2o 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-05/Hampel%2C%20Chris.jpg?h=c6980913&itok=Ahz6wy2o" alt="Christian Hampel" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Christian Hampel</h3> <div class="profile__role">Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship & Strategy</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/c.hampel" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="3050"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2020-02/Dmitry%20Sharapov.webp?h=aa81dfca&itok=wXv4AePW 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2020-02/Dmitry%20Sharapov.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=wXv4AePW 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2020-02/Dmitry%20Sharapov.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=wXv4AePW 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2020-02/Dmitry%20Sharapov.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=wXv4AePW" alt="Dimtry Sharapov" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Dmitry Sharapov</h3> <div class="profile__role">Associate Professor of Innovation, Entrepreneurship & Strategy</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/dmitry.sharapov" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="3300"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-11/anu-wadhwa.webp?h=51f24853&itok=IciB9Zfl 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-11/anu-wadhwa.jpg?h=51f24853&itok=IciB9Zfl 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-11/anu-wadhwa.jpg?h=51f24853&itok=IciB9Zfl 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-11/anu-wadhwa.jpg?h=51f24853&itok=IciB9Zfl" alt="Anu Wadhwa 11" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Anu Wadhwa</h3> <div class="profile__role">Professor of Strategy & Entrepreneurship</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/a.wadhwa" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="3550"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-05/Mishina%2C%20Yuri.webp?h=1dc651db&itok=aINVkV3y 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-05/Mishina%2C%20Yuri.jpg?h=1dc651db&itok=aINVkV3y 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-05/Mishina%2C%20Yuri.jpg?h=1dc651db&itok=aINVkV3y 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2019-05/Mishina%2C%20Yuri.jpg?h=1dc651db&itok=aINVkV3y" alt="Yuri Mishina" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Yuri Mishina</h3> <div class="profile__role">Associate Professor in Organisational Behaviour and Strategy</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/y.mishina" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="3800"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-07/Anne%20ter%20Wal.webp?h=aa81dfca&itok=RH65mOnp 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-07/Anne%20ter%20Wal.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=RH65mOnp 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-07/Anne%20ter%20Wal.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=RH65mOnp 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-07/Anne%20ter%20Wal.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=RH65mOnp" alt="Anne ter Wal" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Anne ter Wal</h3> <div class="profile__role">Professor of Technology & Innovation Management</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/a.terwal" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="4050"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-05/Maurizio%202.webp?h=10d202d3&itok=r3MZiOgq 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-05/Maurizio%202.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=r3MZiOgq 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-05/Maurizio%202.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=r3MZiOgq 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-05/Maurizio%202.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=r3MZiOgq" alt="Prof Maurizio Zollo" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Maurizio Zollo</h3> <div class="profile__role">Professor of Strategy & Sustainability, Scientific Director, Leonardo Centre on Business for Society</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/m.zollo" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="4300"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2022-10/Kevin%20Corley.webp?h=4241e03c&itok=s7nzDdb4 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2022-10/Kevin%20Corley.jpg?h=4241e03c&itok=s7nzDdb4 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2022-10/Kevin%20Corley.jpg?h=4241e03c&itok=s7nzDdb4 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2022-10/Kevin%20Corley.jpg?h=4241e03c&itok=s7nzDdb4" alt="Kevin Corley" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Kevin Corley</h3> <div class="profile__role">Head of the Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Professor of Management</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/k.corley" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-carousel__item" data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-delay="4550"> <article class="profile"> <figure class="profile__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-09/Chengwei%20Liu.webp?h=aa81dfca&itok=7P8rDsx7 1x" type="image/webp" width="300" height="300"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-09/Chengwei%20Liu.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=7P8rDsx7 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="300"/> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-09/Chengwei%20Liu.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=7P8rDsx7 1x" width="300" height="300" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_300_x_300/public/2024-09/Chengwei%20Liu.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=7P8rDsx7" alt="Chengwei Liu" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="profile__content"> <h3 class="profile__name">Chengwei Liu</h3> <div class="profile__role">Associate Professor of Strategy & Behavioural Science</div> <a href="https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/c.liu" class="profile__link">Imperial Profile</a> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faculty-carousel__footer"> <div class="faculty-carousel__carousel-controls--mobile"> <div class="carousel-controls__pager"> <div class="carousel-controls__pager__current"></div> / <div class="carousel-controls__pager__total"></div> </div> <div class="carousel-controls__buttons"> <button class="carousel-controls__button carousel-controls__button--prev" aria-label="Previous" type="button"></button> <button class="carousel-controls__button carousel-controls__button--next" aria-label="Next" type="button"></button> </div> </div> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/faculty/people/" class="faculty-carousel__link">View all faculty members</a> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section id="explore-more" role="region" aria-labelledby="label-explore-more" class="paragraph paragraph--full-width-section paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--section--colour--section-silver paragraph--section--padding--default-padding sticky-subnav-section"> <div class="flexible-paragraph-component"><article class="paragraph paragraph--explore-more paragraph--view-mode--default explore-more"> <div class="explore-more__title"> <h2>Explore more</h2> </div><div class="explore-more__items"> <div class="explore-more__item" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="300"> <article class="flexible-cta"> <a class="flexible-cta__card" href="/business-school/phd/" > <h3 class="flexible-cta__heading">Doctoral programmes</h3> <div class="flexible-cta__description"> <p>Study your doctoral programme at a global top 10 university offering world-class faculty, leadership coaching, global business experience, industry connections, specialist careers support and an exciting London location. </p> </div> <span class="flexible-cta__icon"></span> </a> </article> </div> <div class="explore-more__item" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="600"> <article class="flexible-cta"> <a class="flexible-cta__card" href="/business-school/phd/brochure/" > <h3 class="flexible-cta__heading">Request a brochure</h3> <div class="flexible-cta__description"> <p>Downloading a brochure is a great way to find out more about our programmes and discover which is right for you. </p> </div> <span class="flexible-cta__icon"></span> </a> </article> </div> <div class="explore-more__item" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="900"> <article class="flexible-cta"> <a class="flexible-cta__card" href="/business-school/phd/mailing-list/" > <h3 class="flexible-cta__heading">Stay up to date</h3> <div class="flexible-cta__description"> <p>Keep up to date about news, events, and application deadlines for the Doctoral programme by joining our mailing list. </p> </div> <span class="flexible-cta__icon"></span> </a> </article> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer id="footer" class="site-footer"> <div class="layout-container"> <div class="site-footer__top clearfix"> <div class="region region-footer-first"> <div class="region__outer"> <div class="region__inner"> <div class="c-footer-college-links block"> <div class="c-footer-college-links__link c-footer-college-links__link--logo"> <a href="/business-school/"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/images/icbs-logo-footer.png" alt="Imperial College Business School" loading="lazy"/> </a> </div> <div class="c-footer-college-links__link c-footer-college-links__link--text-logo"> <a href="https://imperial.ac.uk"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/images/ic-logo-footer.svg" alt="Imperial College London" loading="lazy"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="c-footer-address block"> <h2>Find us</h2> <div class="c-footer-address__inner"> <h3>Imperial College Business School</h3> <address>Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom</address> </div> </div> <div id="block-footer-social-media" class="block-social-media-links block block-social-media-links-block block--"> <h2>Connect with us</h2> <div class="c-social-links "> <div class="c-social-link c-social-link--linkedin"> <a class="c-social-link__icon" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/2661479" aria-label="LinkedIn"> <span class='icbs-fa fab fa-linkedin-in i-linkedin'></span> </a> </div> <div class="c-social-link c-social-link--twitter"> <a class="c-social-link__icon" href="https://www.twitter.com/ImperialBiz" aria-label="Twitter"> <span class='icbs-fa fab fa-x-twitter i-twitter'></span> </a> </div> <div class="c-social-link c-social-link--facebook"> <a class="c-social-link__icon" href="https://www.facebook.com/imperialbusiness" aria-label="Facebook"> <span class='icbs-fa fab fa-facebook-f i-facebook'></span> </a> </div> <div class="c-social-link c-social-link--instagram"> <a class="c-social-link__icon" href="https://www.instagram.com/imperialbiz" aria-label="Instagram"> <span class='icbs-fa fab fa-instagram i-instagram'></span> </a> </div> <div class="c-social-link c-social-link--youtube"> <a class="c-social-link__icon" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ICBusinessSchool" aria-label="Youtube"> <span class='icbs-fa fab fa-youtube i-youtube'></span> </a> </div> <div class="c-social-link c-social-link--e-mail"> <a class="c-social-link__icon" href="mailto:info@icbs.biz" aria-label="E-Mail"> <span class='icbs-fa fas fa-envelope i-email'></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-footer-accreditations block"> <h2>Accreditations</h2> <div class="c-footer-accreditations__items"> <div class="c-footer-accreditations__item"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/images/accreditations/aacsb.png" alt="AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business) accreditation" loading="lazy"/> </div> <div class="c-footer-accreditations__item"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/images/accreditations/amba.png" alt="AMBAs (Association of MBAs) accreditation" loading="lazy"/> </div> <div class="c-footer-accreditations__item"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/images/accreditations/athena.png" alt="Athena SWAN (Scientific Women's Academic Network) accreditation" loading="lazy"/> </div> <div class="c-footer-accreditations__item"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/images/accreditations/equis.png" alt="EFMD EQUIS (European Foundation for Management Development - Quality Improvement System) accreditation" loading="lazy"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__bottom"> <div class="region region-footer-second"> <div class="region__outer"> <div class="region__inner"> <div id="block-footercopyright" class="block block-icbs-globals block-footer-copyright block--"> <div class="footer-copyright">© 2024 Imperial College London</div> </div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-icbs-footer-menu" id="block-icbs-footer" class="block block-menu navigation menu--footer"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-icbs-footer-menu">Footer menu</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/sitemap" data-drupal-link-system-path="sitemap">Sitemap</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/glossary/" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/512">Glossary</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/accessibility/" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3794">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about-the-site/privacy/">Privacy</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://imperial.eu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Np7BJAXlkiHpid">Feedback</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/user/login" data-drupal-link-system-path="user/login">Login</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/business-school\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/6856","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"ajax_loader\/ajax_loader.throbber,classy\/base,classy\/messages,classy\/node,core\/drupal.collapse,core\/drupal.vertical-tabs,core\/normalize,icbs\/aos,icbs\/faculty-carousel,icbs\/flexible-cta,icbs\/flexible-hero,icbs\/flexible-table,icbs\/flexible-text,icbs\/flexible-text-image,icbs\/footer-accreditation,icbs\/footer-address,icbs\/footer-college-links,icbs\/global,icbs\/hoverintent,icbs\/image-text-carousel,icbs\/link,icbs\/lity,icbs\/site-branding,icbs\/social-link,icbs\/social-links,icbs\/sticky-subnav,icbs\/text,icbs_globals\/anchor_link_validator,icbs_globals\/iconset,icbs_globals\/ie_popup,icbs_globals\/options_search,paragraphs\/drupal.paragraphs.unpublished,social_media_links\/social_media_links.theme,system\/base","theme":"icbs","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true},"ajaxLoader":{"markup":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022ajax-throbber sk-bounce\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-bounce-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-bounce-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E","hideAjaxMessage":true,"alwaysFullscreen":true,"throbberPosition":"body"},"breakpoints":{"icbs.xs":"all and (min-width: 0)","icbs.sm":"all and (min-width: 576px)","icbs.md":"all and (min-width: 840px)","icbs.lg":"all and (min-width: 1060px)","icbs.xl":"all and (min-width: 1240px)"},"field_group":{"tabs":{"mode":"flexible_hero_select","context":"view","settings":{"classes":"","id":"","direction":"vertical"}}},"widthBreakpoint":640,"browserIs":"OTHERS","user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"671422eabcf635a61b589f98456de3e2db12460cc83d549d70450ca609c95f1a"}}</script> <script src="/business-school/sites/default/files/js/js_DpvxXV-nYmgMd7Zpjs4ibcNGokm0KQoXmuBfot6hJNk.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=icbs&include=eJxtUluOgzAMvBA0R0JO4kK2Jo5sU5U9_aYEVEH3J7Jm_JwJ_MBrIIaI4uAT32wS9h6lUw4JaJgxJhgo5Ye6b6im44ydrmo4Ow-KXSBQXU_xjKowonaBBV1mmYHSL3YpeHUjsQdq8Z3ZUHoIQeoMA0ucN2ZoWepS4KxoLb3t02-bfCHnjjFKXeKEBSbCEffyAgKjQJnURVkK0O2D3JZcFk9JJ4x7C8JX8oR9MGiI4Wvf6g5hIVv7AMKLIl0qDOp7xWpxn-aq0T9Egza2JZ4bAx-3WwqPtdfFZ3g2qfdLniiVq7rU2Xpi3hpA0evYCYUbRMnWw8bMEQ_00Hfi2jxlw2xnoyCHiWX7JcOz2h3BWM4pXN7-6qAIEqb9iGTYe4EcUx4v1uNQuCzlD3FQDGQ"></script> <script src="/business-school/sites/default/files/js/js_zPXLEOTdh-IaVDoFhVgmCKPuM_FHzggYimYPPxyKB48.js?scope=footer&delta=1&language=en&theme=icbs&include=eJxtUluOgzAMvBA0R0JO4kK2Jo5sU5U9_aYEVEH3J7Jm_JwJ_MBrIIaI4uAT32wS9h6lUw4JaJgxJhgo5Ye6b6im44ydrmo4Ow-KXSBQXU_xjKowonaBBV1mmYHSL3YpeHUjsQdq8Z3ZUHoIQeoMA0ucN2ZoWepS4KxoLb3t02-bfCHnjjFKXeKEBSbCEffyAgKjQJnURVkK0O2D3JZcFk9JJ4x7C8JX8oR9MGiI4Wvf6g5hIVv7AMKLIl0qDOp7xWpxn-aq0T9Egza2JZ4bAx-3WwqPtdfFZ3g2qfdLniiVq7rU2Xpi3hpA0evYCYUbRMnWw8bMEQ_00Hfi2jxlw2xnoyCHiWX7JcOz2h3BWM4pXN7-6qAIEqb9iGTYe4EcUx4v1uNQuCzlD3FQDGQ"></script>    <script id="hs-script-loader" async defer src="//js.hs-scripts.com/5653437.js"></script>   <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:3070969,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script>  </js-bottom-placeholder> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-dc31a2b6da7019ef036","applicationID":"1036991138","transactionName":"YlBQMkBXCxJSVBIMDVsacwVGXwoPHEcHAgdqVlMFWlM=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":27,"atts":"ThdTRAhNGBw=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Management & Entrepreneurship research area - Business School