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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="43200"/>   <title>mediaTUM - Medien- und Publikationsserver</title> <meta name="generator" content="mediatum - a multimedia content repository"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" href="/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/mstile-144x144.png"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/mediatum.css"/> <script src="/static/js/mediatum.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">function change_size(){ var searchform = $('#search-form').height(); var cheight = $('#portal-column-content').height()+12; $('#frame-tree').height(cheight-searchform); } $(window).resize(function() { change_size(); }); </script> <meta name="citation_author" content="Winter, Leopold J."/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Hopfes, Thomas"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Giglmaier, Marcus"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Adams, Nikolaus A."/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Influence of the oxygen concentration on the aerodynamic breakup of oxidizing liquid metals"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="International Journal of Multiphase Flow"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="184"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0301-9322"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2024.105121"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="105121"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2025-03-01"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2025"/> <meta name="DC.description" content="This study investigates the effect of varying oxygen concentration on the secondary atomization of Galinstan. The concentration was varied between 0.0021 % and atmospheric concentration (21 %) and compared to water experiments in air where oxidation is not present. Independent of the oxygen concentration, we observe the known breakup morphologies of bag, bag-and-stamen, multimode breakup and shear stripping with similar transition Weber numbers. The results show that early stages during breakup remain unaffected by the oxygen concentration, given that droplets are initially fully oxidized. However, low oxygen environments in the bag, bag-and-stamen, and multimode breakup regimes lead to a later onset of breakup, larger droplet sizes at burst, and more pronounced deformation. In these conditions, Galinstan bags, rims, and, if present, stamens disintegrate more similarly to water. A key finding is the reduced particle size and more spherical particle shape of Galinstan at lower oxygen concentrations. In the shear stripping regime, oxygen concentration affects fragmentation only after the initial oxide layer of the droplet has been shed. Comparisons with water experiments reveal that decreasing the rate of oxidation results in Galinstan atomizing more similarly to common liquids such as water. 漏 2025 The Authors"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/mediatum-tum-editor.css"/> </head> <body onload="change_size();"> <div id="visual-portal-wrapper"> <div id="portal-top"> <div class="header header-left"> <script type="application/javascript" src="/static/js/webstat.js"></script> <noscript> <p><img src="https://webstat.srv.tum.de/matomo.php?idsite=78&rec=1" style="border:0;" alt="Matomo Image Tracker"/> </p> </noscript> <ul> <li><a href="/" class="mediatum-link-internal">mediaTUM</a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.ub.tum.de" class="mediatum-link-external">Universit盲tsbibliothek</a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.tum.de" class="mediatum-link-external">Technische Universit盲t M眉nchen</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="header header-right"><a href="https://tum.de" title="Home tum.de" class="header-logo"><img 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</div> </div>   <div id="result-nav"> <table> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top" nowrap=""><a href="/670517?nodes_per_page=10&result_nav=first"> <div id="mediatum_img_pageleft_end"></div></a><a href="/670517?nodes_per_page=10&show_id=1767813&result_nav=prev"> <div id="mediatum_img_pageleft"></div></a> </td> <td width="100%" align="center"><a href="javascript: history.back()" class="mediatum-link-mediatum">Zur眉ck</a><br/><a href="/670517?nodes_per_page=10" class="mediatum-link-mediatum">Zur眉ck zum Anfang der Trefferliste</a><br/><a href="/1767813" class="mediatum-link-mediatum">Dauerhafter Link zum angezeigten Objekt</a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top" nowrap=""><a href="/670517?nodes_per_page=10&show_id=1767813&result_nav=next"> <div id="mediatum_img_pageright"></div></a><a href="/670517?nodes_per_page=10&result_nav=last"> <div id="mediatum_img_pageright_end"></div></a> </td> </tr> </table><br/> </div>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/childs.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/jade_style.css"/> <div class="object_main content_container"> <dl class="object_meta object_column"><dt class="mask_label">Titel:</dt> <dd class="mask_value"><h1>Influence of the oxygen concentration on the aerodynamic breakup of oxidizing liquid metals</h1></dd> <dt class="mask_label">Dokumenttyp:</dt> <dd class="mask_value">Zeitschriftenaufsatz</dd> <dt class="mask_label">Autor(en):</dt> <dd class="mask_value">Winter, Leopold J.; Hopfes, Thomas; Giglmaier, Marcus; Adams, Nikolaus A.</dd> <dt class="mask_label">Abstract:</dt> <dd class="mask_value"><div id="abstract_full" style="display:none">This study investigates the effect of varying oxygen concentration on the secondary atomization of Galinstan. The concentration was varied between 0.0021 % and atmospheric concentration (21 %) and compared to water experiments in air where oxidation is not present. Independent of the oxygen concentration, we observe the known breakup morphologies of bag, bag-and-stamen, multimode breakup and shear stripping with similar transition Weber numbers. The results show that early stages during breakup remain unaffected by the oxygen concentration, given that droplets are initially fully oxidized. However, low oxygen environments in the bag, bag-and-stamen, and multimode breakup regimes lead to a later onset of breakup, larger droplet sizes at burst, and more pronounced deformation. In these conditions, Galinstan bags, rims, and, if present, stamens disintegrate more similarly to water. A key finding is the reduced particle size and more spherical particle shape of Galinstan at lower oxygen concentrations. In the shear stripping regime, oxygen concentration affects fragmentation only after the initial oxide layer of the droplet has been shed. Comparisons with water experiments reveal that decreasing the rate of oxidation results in Galinstan atomizing more similarly to common liquids such as water. 漏 2025 The Authors     <a href="#!" title="Text reduzieren" onclick="expandLongMetatext('abstract'); return false" class="mediatum-link-mediatum">«</a></div><div id="abstract_more"> This study investigates the effect of varying oxygen concentration on the secondary atomization of Galinstan. The concentration was varied between 0.0021 % and atmospheric concentration (21 %) and compared to water experiments in air where oxidation is not present. Independent of the oxygen concentration, we observe the known breakup morphologies of bag, bag-and-stamen, multimode breakup and shear stripping with similar transition Weber numbers. The results show that early stages during breakup...     <a href="#!" title="gesamten Text zeigen" onclick="expandLongMetatext('abstract'); return false" class="mediatum-link-mediatum">»</a></div></dd> <dt class="mask_label">Stichworte:</dt> <dd class="mask_value">Droplet breakup; Liquid metal; Oxidation; Secondary atomization; Shock tube</dd> <dt class="mask_label">Dewey Dezimalklassifikation:</dt> <dd class="mask_value">620 Ingenieurwissenschaften</dd> <dt class="mask_label">Zeitschriftentitel:</dt> <dd class="mask_value">International Journal of Multiphase Flow</dd> <dt class="mask_label">Jahr:</dt> <dd class="mask_value">2025</dd> <dt class="mask_label">Band / Volume:</dt> <dd class="mask_value">184</dd> <dt class="mask_label">Seitenangaben Beitrag:</dt> <dd class="mask_value">105121</dd> <dt class="mask_label">Nachgewiesen in:</dt> <dd class="mask_value">Scopus</dd> <dt class="mask_label">Sprache:</dt> <dd class="mask_value">en</dd> <dt class="mask_label">Volltext / DOI:</dt> <dd class="mask_value"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2024.105121" target="_blank" title="In neuem Fenster anzeigen" class="mediatum-link-external">doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2024.105121</a></dd> <dt class="mask_label">Verlag / Institution:</dt> <dd class="mask_value">Elsevier BV</dd> <dt class="mask_label">E-ISSN:</dt> <dd class="mask_value">0301-9322</dd> <dt class="mask_label">Eingereicht (bei Zeitschrift):</dt> <dd class="mask_value">01.10.2024</dd> <dt class="mask_label">Angenommen (von Zeitschrift):</dt> <dd class="mask_value">30.12.2024</dd> <dt class="mask_label">Publikationsdatum:</dt> <dd class="mask_value">01.03.2025</dd> <dt class="mask_label">TUM Einrichtung:</dt> <dd class="mask_value">Lehrstuhl f眉r Aerodynamik und Str枚mungsmechanik</dd> <dt class="action_icon"><a href="/export/1767813/bibtex" target="bibtexdocument" title="BibTeX Informationen in neuem Fenster 枚ffnen" class="mediatum-link-mediatum"><img src="/static/img/bibtex.gif" 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