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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pansori_repertoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pansori_repertoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><i>Pansori</i> repertoire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pansori_repertoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_between_Shaman_songs_and_Pansori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_between_Shaman_songs_and_Pansori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Relationship between Shaman songs and <i>Pansori</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_between_Shaman_songs_and_Pansori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins:_17th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins:_17th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Origins: 17th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins:_17th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion_and_golden_age:_18th–19th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_and_golden_age:_18th–19th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Expansion and golden age: 18th–19th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion_and_golden_age:_18th–19th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline:_early_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline:_early_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Decline: early 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline:_early_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation_and_resurgence:_late_20th_century_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation_and_resurgence:_late_20th_century_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Preservation and resurgence: late 20th century to present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservation_and_resurgence:_late_20th_century_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elements_and_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elements_and_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Elements and styles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elements_and_styles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elements and styles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elements_and_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Styles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pansori's_Mok_and_Sung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pansori's_Mok_and_Sung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pansori's Mok and Sung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pansori's_Mok_and_Sung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pansori_masterpiece_singer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pansori_masterpiece_singer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pansori masterpiece singer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pansori_masterpiece_singer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Themes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pansori_Changbon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pansori_Changbon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pansori Changbon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pansori_Changbon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_cultures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_cultures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Similar cultures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_cultures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_pansori_singers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_pansori_singers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable pansori singers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_pansori_singers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="بانسوري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بانسوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پانسوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پانسوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%90%EC%86%8C%EB%A6%AC" title="판소리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="판소리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Փանսորի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փանսորի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="פנסורי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פנסורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phanszori" title="Phanszori – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Phanszori" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пансори – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пансори" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AA" title="パンソリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パンソリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пхансори – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пхансори" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96" title="Пхансорі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пхансорі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pansori" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%98%E7%B4%A2%E9%87%8C" title="盘索里 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="盘索里" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q482981#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pansori" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pansori" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Korean traditional musical storytelling</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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The specific problem is: <b>Grammar and translation issues, presentation is confusing and needs more context and introduction.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pansori" title="Special:EditPage/Pansori">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Pansori</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Korea-Busan_3404-06_Pansori.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Korea-Busan_3404-06_Pansori.JPG/220px-Korea-Busan_3404-06_Pansori.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Korea-Busan_3404-06_Pansori.JPG/330px-Korea-Busan_3404-06_Pansori.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Korea-Busan_3404-06_Pansori.JPG/440px-Korea-Busan_3404-06_Pansori.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="766" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pansori performance at the Busan Cultural Center in Busan, South Korea</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;">Korean name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">판소리</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Pansori</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">P'ansori</i></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tbody></table> <p><i><b><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Pansori</i></span></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span lang="ko">판소리</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean</a> genre of musical storytelling performed by a <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">singer</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Pansori_gosu" title="Pansori gosu">drummer</a>. </p><p>The term <i><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">pansori</i></span></i> is compounds of the Korean words <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">pan</i></span> <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">판</span></span> and <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">sori</i></span> <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">소리</span></span>, the latter of which means "sound." However, <i>pan</i> has multiple meanings, and scholars disagree on which was the intended meaning when the term was coined. One meaning is "a situation where many people are gathered." Another meaning is "a song composed of varying tones."<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In music, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gugwangdae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gugwangdae (page does not exist)">Gugwangdae</a> describes a long story that takes as little as three hours and as much as eight hours or more. It is one of the traditional forms of Korean music that mixes body movements and songs to the accompaniment of a <a href="/wiki/Buk_(drum)" title="Buk (drum)">buk</a> drum played by a <a href="/wiki/Pansori_gosu" title="Pansori gosu">gosu</a>. The dramatic content of the drama is changed according to various rhythms based on the melody of Korea's local music. Pansori was originally called the "sori", and it was called Taryeong, Japga (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">잡가</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani"><span lang="ko"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E6%AD%8C#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:雜歌">雜歌</a></span></span></span>), Clown Song, and Geukga (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">극가</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani"><span lang="ko"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8A%87%E6%AD%8C#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:劇歌">劇歌</a></span></span></span>). It was also commonly used in terms such as Changgeukjo (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">창극조</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani"><span lang="ko"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%94%B1%E5%8A%87%E8%AA%BF#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:唱劇調">唱劇調</a></span></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 20th century, the sorrowful "Western style" of <i>pansori</i> overtook the vigorous "Eastern style" of <i>pansori</i>, and <i>pansori</i> began being called the "sound of <i><a href="/wiki/Han_(cultural)" title="Han (cultural)">han</a></i>". All surviving <i>pansori</i> epics end happily, but contemporary <i>pansori</i> focuses on the trials and tribulations of the characters, commonly without reaching the happy ending because of the contemporary popularity of excerpt performances. The history of <i>pansori</i> in the late 20th century, including the recent canonization of <i>han</i>, has led to great concern in the <i>pansori</i> community.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPilzer2016171_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPilzer2016171-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Pansori</i> has been designated as Korea's National Intangible Cultural Heritage No. 5 since 1964. On November 7, 2003, <i>pansori</i> was registered as the UNESCO's <a href="/wiki/Masterpieces_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity">Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity</a> of Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, the <i>pansori</i> practiced by the ethnic Koreans in China was also nominated as the UNESCO's intangible cultural heritage by the governments of <a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally a form of folk entertainment for the lower classes, <i>pansori</i> was embraced by the Korean elite during the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang-2016_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While public interest in the genre temporarily declined in the mid-20th century, today's <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korean</a> publics and government are passionate in registering and recognizing many <i>pansori</i> singers as "<a href="/wiki/Living_National_Treasure_(South_Korea)" title="Living National Treasure (South Korea)">living national treasures of Korea</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJang20133-4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJang20133-4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJang2013126-129_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJang2013126-129-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Korea, on comparison, has yet to implement the systematic support of <i>pansori</i> at the government level, as <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il" title="Kim Jong Il">Kim Jong Il</a> believed that <i>pansori'</i>s performance voice was too hoarse and did not distinguish between male and female to suit the taste of today's people.<sup id="cite_ref-赵杨_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-赵杨-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Pansori is a form of musical entertainment that has persisted in Korea from the 17th century to the present day. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Song_Mangab_-_Jingukmyeongsan.ogg" title="File:Song Mangab - Jingukmyeongsan.ogg"><i>Jingukmyeongsan</i></a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="208" data-mwtitle="Song_Mangab_-_Jingukmyeongsan.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Song_Mangab_-_Jingukmyeongsan.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Song_Mangab_-_Jingukmyeongsan.ogg/Song_Mangab_-_Jingukmyeongsan.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASong_Mangab_-_Jingukmyeongsan.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Pansori singer Song Man-gab performing in 1934.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div><p>A related term, "pannoreum," refers to plays such as Sandae-do Gamgeuk (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">산대도감극</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">山臺都監劇</span></span>) and geundu (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">근두</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani"><span lang="ko"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AD%8B%E6%96%97#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:筋斗">筋斗</a></span></span></span>), as well as tightrope walking. The pansori of the Joseon Dynasty included <a href="/wiki/Sijo" title="Sijo">sijo</a> poetry (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">시조</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani"><span lang="ko"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%99%82%E8%AA%BF#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:時調">時調</a></span></span></span>) accompanied by music. Therefore, it is not appropriate to refer to pansori as Changgeuk (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">창극</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani"><span lang="ko"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%94%B1%E5%8A%87#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:唱劇">唱劇</a></span></span></span>) or Changgeukjo (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">창극조</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani"><span lang="ko"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%94%B1%E5%8A%87%E8%AA%BF#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:唱劇調">唱劇調</a></span></span></span>). Changgeuk is based on the name of Pansori dramatized after Wongaksa Temple (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EA%B0%81%EC%82%AC" class="extiw" title="ko:원각사">원각사</a></span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">圓覺社</span></span>), but it is not suitable for pure Pansori. Therefore, Changgeukjo is appropriate for the musical term of the song sung in Changgeuk, but it is not appropriate for the form of pansori. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=869187&cid=60544&categoryId=60544#TABLE_OF_CONTENT2">[1]</a> </p><p>"Pansori" as a musical term originated independently from the term "pannol" (pannoreum). Likewise, the literary form of this form of pansori is also called pansori. It is therefore necessary to distinguish between pansori as a musical term and pansori as a literary term, but it is still appropriate to use the term "pansori" to refer to sijo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=869187&cid=60544&categoryId=60544#TABLE_OF_CONTENT2">[2]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pansori performances are performed by "Clown", "<a href="/wiki/Pansori_gosu" title="Pansori gosu">Gosu</a>", and "Audience". </p><p>A clown sings with a fan in their right hand, and the singing part and the speaking part intersect. The singing part is called "aniri" or "broader" in terms of sound and speech, which is called "applied" or "spacious."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pansori_gosu" title="Pansori gosu">Gosu</a> is another important component of the performance that plays drums. As the expression "one Gosu two master singers" is often used, in the soundboard, a singer and a clown lead the game together. The drummer beats the emotional circuit of the song and adds more charm to the performance.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang-2016_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rather than listening quietly, the audience adds a "<a href="/wiki/Chuimsae" title="Chuimsae">Chu-imsae</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Kang-2016_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pansori_repertoire"><i>Pansori</i> repertoire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pansori repertoire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 18th century, 12 <a href="/wiki/Song_cycle" title="Song cycle">song cycles</a>, or <i>madang</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">마당</span></span>), were established as the repertoire of <i>pansori</i> stories.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim20083-4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim20083-4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those stories were compiled in Song Man-jae's <i>Gwanuhi</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">관우희</span></span>) and Jeong No-sik's <i>Joseon Changgeuksa</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">조선창극사</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the 12 original <i>madang</i>, only five are currently performed. They are as follows.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chunhyangga" title="Chunhyangga">Chunhyangga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simcheongga" title="Simcheongga">Simcheongga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heungbuga" title="Heungbuga">Heungbuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugungga" title="Sugungga">Sugungga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeokbyeokga" title="Jeokbyeokga">Jeokbyeokga</a></li></ul> <p>Contemporary performances of the <i>madang</i> differ greatly from the original works. Rather than performing an entire <i>madang</i>, which can take up to 10 hours, musicians may only perform certain sections, highlighting the most popular parts of a <i>madang</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_between_Shaman_songs_and_Pansori">Relationship between Shaman songs and <i>Pansori</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Relationship between Shaman songs and Pansori"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If Pansori comes from a shaman's husband, a clown, the musical wish should be saved in their connection. The rhythm of the unearned value shared by "Lee Bo-hyung" is as follows: </p><p>1. Sinawi-Gwon: This is called the "Yukja-baegi-jo" and belongs to the southern part of the Han River in Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do and Jeolla-do provinces. </p><p>2. Menarizo : This is called an "Sanyuhwa-garak", and "Gyeongsang-do" and "Gangwon-do" provinces belong to it. </p><p>3. Susimga·Sanyeombuljo: "Pyeongan-do" and "Hwanghae-do" provinces </p><p>4. Changbu Taryeong ·Noraegarakjo: belong to Muga in northern Gyeonggi Province, Kaesong, Seoul, Cheorwon, and Yangju. </p><p>In addition, there is a theory that "Gyeong-dereum" is similar to the rhythm of the northern Gyeonggi Muga's Changbu Taryeong. </p><p>Again, the rhythm of Pansori has a tempo from the slow beat of <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%8B%A8#진양조" class="extiw" title="ko:장단">Jinyangjo</a>, <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%8B%A8#진양조" class="extiw" title="ko:장단">Jungmori</a>, <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%8B%A8#진양조" class="extiw" title="ko:장단">Jungjungmori</a>, <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%8B%A8#진양조" class="extiw" title="ko:장단">Jajinmori</a>, <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%8B%A8#진양조" class="extiw" title="ko:장단">Hwimori</a>, <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%8B%A8#진양조" class="extiw" title="ko:장단">Ujungmori</a>, etc. It is necessary to value the term "Mori" that appears here. In other words, if you compare Salpuri Gut in Jeolla-do Province, which is called Sinai Gijo, and Do Salmori, Balae in Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do provinces, the sound of goso sung by clowns is <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%8B%A8#진양조" class="extiw" title="ko:장단">Jungmori</a>, especially in old Hongpagosa and Antaek. </p><p>Therefore, it is the Muga of Hongpae Gosa, Seongjo, and Antaek, which are called by this southern clown, that is, the theory that pansori was produced in the clowns of Chungcheong-do. This is a problem that needs to be further clarified in the future, but even from this, it can be seen that the reasoning that pansori came from the reading voice that some argue is vain. Since clowns are folk singers, it would be right to say that they assimilated various folk songs based on the rhythm of these mugas and completed them. However, even if the song was originally adopted at the time of its establishment, it would have refined it in the process of transmission and developed a new style as a pansori, which seems to be the result of this effort.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins:_17th_century">Origins: 17th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Origins: 17th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Pansori</i> is thought to have originated in the late 17th century during the <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a> Dynasty. The earliest performers of <i>pansori</i> were most likely <a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">shamans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Street_performance" title="Street performance">street performers</a>, and their audiences were lower-class people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUm201333-39_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUm201333-39-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear where in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean peninsula">Korean peninsula</a> <i>pansori</i> originated, but the <a href="/wiki/Honam" title="Honam">Honam</a> region eventually became the site of its development.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim20083-4_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim20083-4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion_and_golden_age:_18th–19th_centuries"><span id="Expansion_and_golden_age:_18th.E2.80.9319th_centuries"></span>Expansion and golden age: 18th–19th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Expansion and golden age: 18th–19th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is believed that <i>pansori</i> was embraced by the upper classes around the mid-18th century. One piece of evidence that supports this belief is that Yu Jin-han, a member of the <i><a href="/wiki/Yangban" title="Yangban">yangban</a></i> upper class, recorded the text of <i><a href="/wiki/Chunhyangga" title="Chunhyangga">Chunhyangga</a>,</i> a famous <i>pansori</i> he saw performed in Honam in 1754, indicating that the elite attended <i>pansori</i> performances by this time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUm201340_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUm201340-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim20085_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim20085-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Golden_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden age">golden age</a> of <i>pansori</i> is considered to be the 19th century when the genre's popularity increased and its musical techniques became more advanced. During the first half of the 19th century, <i>pansori</i> singers incorporated <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk songs</a> into the genre, while using <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">vocal</a> techniques and <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melodies</a> intended to appeal to the upper class.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Purely <a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">humorous</a> <i>pansori</i> also became less popular than <i>pansori</i> that combined humorous and <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragic</a> elements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim20086-7_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim20086-7-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major developments in this period were made by <i>pansori</i> researcher and patron <a href="/wiki/Shin_Jae-hyo" title="Shin Jae-hyo">Shin Jae-hyo</a>. He reinterpreted and compiled songs to fit the tastes of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">upper class</a> and also trained the first notable female singers, including <a href="/wiki/Jin_Chae-seon" title="Jin Chae-seon">Jin Chae-seon</a>, who is considered to be the first female master of <i>pansori</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Western performing arts first made their way to Korea in the late nineteenth century. Jeong Du-won brought Western music concept to Korea for the first time in 1632. He became familiar with Western music via the teachings of Chinese Catholic priests. Lee Eun-Dol, the first Korean to study western music at the Japanese Army's staff sergeant school, began coaching bugle bands in Seoul in 1882. Seo Sang's 1884 presentation of Yun's religious music, notably protestant songs, also had a considerable effect.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang-2016_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline:_early_20th_century">Decline: early 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Decline: early 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 20th century, <i>pansori</i> experienced several notable changes. It was more frequently performed indoors and staged similarly to Western <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">operas</a>. It was recorded and sold on <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">vinyl records</a> for the first time. The number of female singers grew rapidly, supported by organizations of <i><a href="/wiki/Kisaeng" title="Kisaeng">kisaeng</a></i>. And the tragic tone of <i>pansori</i> was intensified, due to the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Japanese occupation of Korea</a> on the Korean public and performers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim200814–16_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim200814–16-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an attempt to suppress Korean culture, the Japanese government often censored <i>pansori</i> that referred to the monarchy or to <a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalism" title="Korean nationalism">Korean nationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUm201347–52_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUm201347–52-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preservation_and_resurgence:_late_20th_century_to_present">Preservation and resurgence: late 20th century to present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Preservation and resurgence: late 20th century to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to Japanese censorship, the rise of <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">cinema</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Changgeuk" title="Changgeuk">changgeuk</a></i>, and the turmoil of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> all contributed to <i>pansori's</i> decreasing popularity by the mid-20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUm201347–52_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUm201347–52-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To help preserve the tradition of <i>pansori,</i> the South Korean government declared it an <a href="/wiki/Intangible_Cultural_Property_(South_Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intangible Cultural Property (South Korea)">Intangible Cultural Property</a> in 1964. Additionally, performers of <i>pansori</i> began to be officially recognized as "<a href="/wiki/Living_National_Treasure_(South_Korea)" title="Living National Treasure (South Korea)">living national treasures</a>." This contributed to a resurgence of interest in the genre beginning in the late 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim200819–26_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim200819–26-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> proclaimed the <i>pansori</i> tradition a <a href="/wiki/Masterpieces_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity">Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity</a> on November 7, 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of pansori performers has increased substantially in the 21st century, though the genre has struggled to find wide public appeal, and <i>pansori</i> audiences are composed mostly of older people, scholars or students of traditional music, and the elite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim200819–26_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim200819–26-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUm201312_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUm201312-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJang20133-4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJang20133-4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <i>pansori</i> fusion music, a trend that began in the 1990s, has continued in the 21st century, with musicians creating combinations including <i>pansori-</i><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>pansori</i>-<a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>pansori</i>-<a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">rap</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Orthodox Pansori performances in well-known places and on traditional theater stages are commonplace. Tradition-based theater and full-length performances in one of the many recognized specialty sectors of Orthodox Pansori are all included within the government of Korea's cultural conservation program, which includes Orthodox Pansori. The performances take place on well-known theater stages, recalling the excitement of older times of court and market entertainment. On the other side, dramatic platforms raise the performers above the audience. In the past, Pansori gave equal importance to the performers and the audience. </p><p>Touristic Pansori is a term that refers to renowned Pansori singers doing short acts of the traditional Pansori performance with other kinds of music, such as religious music. Often, the many short performances have nothing in common, like when court music or religious dances are combined with Pansori. International visitors and visitors from other regions of Korea make up the bulk of the audience. The objective is to make Pansori accessible to a broad audience that is unfamiliar with its norms or with the significance of the tradition to the Korean people.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang-2016_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are recent Pansori-themed films such as "<a href="/wiki/Seopyeonje" title="Seopyeonje">Seopyeonje</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1993), "Hwimori (1994)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>" and "The Millennium Studies (2007)". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elements_and_styles">Elements and styles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Elements and styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are five elements for the musical style of <i>pansori</i>: <i>jo</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">조</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">調</span></span>); <i>jangdan</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">장단</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">長短</span></span>); <i>buchimsae</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">붙임새</span></span>); <i>je</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">제</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">制</span></span>); and vocal production.<sup id="cite_ref-Style_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Style-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Jo</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">조</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">調</span></span>, also spelled <i>cho</i>) refers mostly to the melodic framework of a performance.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of music in <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>, it comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Mode_(music)" title="Mode (music)">mode</a> and <a href="/wiki/Key_(music)" title="Key (music)">key</a>, though <i>jo</i> also includes the vocal <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">emotions</a> expressed through singing. Types of <i>jos</i> include: chucheonmok (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">추천목</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">鞦韆-</span></span>); Gyemyeonjo (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">계면조</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">界面調</span></span>; also called <i>seoreumjo</i> <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">서름조</span></span>, <i>aewonseong</i> <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">애원성</span></span>); seokhwaje (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">석화제</span></span>); and seolleongje (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">설렁제</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Style_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Style-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Jangdan</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">장단</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">長短</span></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythmic</a> structure used.<sup id="cite_ref-Style_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Style-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Jangdan</i> is used to show <a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">emotional</a> states<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> corresponding to the narration of the singer.<sup id="cite_ref-Style_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Style-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Jangdan</i> is also used with the appearances of certain <a href="/wiki/Character_(arts)" title="Character (arts)">characters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some types include: <i>jinyang</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">진양</span></span>); <i>jungjungmori</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">중중모리</span></span>); <i>jajinmori</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">자진모리</span></span>); and <i>hwimori</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">휘모리</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Style_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Style-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Buchimsae</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">붙임새</span></span>) refers to the method in which words in <i>pansori</i> are combined with the <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melodies</a>. The meaning refers more specifically to combinations of words with irregular rhythms. The word is a combination of two <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> words, <i>buchida</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">붙이다</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> to combine) and <i>sae</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">새</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> appearance, form). The two types of <i>buchimsae</i> are: <i>daemadi daejangdan</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">대마디 대장단</span></span>) and <i>eotbuchim</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">엇붙임</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Style_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Style-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Je</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">제</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">制</span></span>) refers to a style of <i>pansori</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Style_31-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Style-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Styles">Styles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pansori's style originated from the division of relations and regions of origin, with the establishment of the flow, singing and theory of each song over a long period of time, leading to the formation of several small branches that diverged from the great stem. Pansori's style was largely classified as the two major mountains of East and West Pyeonje, and expressing style in Pansori was in line with the classification of Yupa in Sijo, Yeongje, Wanje, and Naepoje. </p><p>Pansori can be divided into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Junggoje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junggoje (page does not exist)">Junggoje</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%9C" class="extiw" title="ko:중고제">ko</a>]</span>, in addition to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongpyeonje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongpyeonje (page does not exist)">Dongpyeonje</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%ED%8E%B8%EC%A0%9C" class="extiw" title="ko:동편제">ko</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Seopyeonje" title="Seopyeonje">Seopyeonje</a>, depending on the region.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dongpyeonje was based on Unbong, Gurye, Sunchang, and Heungdeok areas, which are east of the Seomjingang River, and it is magnificent and vigorous, and features a simple display of natural volume without any finesse. Aniri has not developed for a long time, has little application, and is a sound material that is carried out by relying on the voice of the neck. Instead of "the Great Leader," they stick together to the rhythm.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seopyeonje refers to the sound of Confucian scholars in Naju, Haenam, and Boseong, west of the Seomjingang River, and is the standard of Park Yu-jeon's legislation. The musical characteristics are mainly used to portray sad and resentful feelings, and to portray sophisticated, colorful, and tantalizing sounds.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Junggoje is another style, where the sound begins at a medium tone and starts flat at a relatively low voice when the window is opened, increases the middle, and lowers the voice when the limit is reached. It is clear that the sound is high and low, so you can hear it clearly, and the tune is monotonous and simple.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pansori's_Mok_and_Sung"><span id="Pansori.27s_Mok_and_Sung"></span>Pansori's Mok and Sung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pansori's Mok and Sung"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Pansori, a person's voice quality, singing style, and the type of tune is called by a certain ‘Mok’ and ‘Sung’. Usually, the ‘Mok’ is deeply related to the type of tune and singing, and the ’Sung’ is deeply related to the quality of sound.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Norang Mok means to lightly vocalize and dye the tune, which means to use the decoration or singing method. But master singers are reluctant to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waega-jip Mok means to the use of a tone or temporary listening rather than the general composition of that tone. </p><p>Soori Sung refers to the sound quality of a master singer who is a bit rough and hoarse. Examples include Song Man-gap and Jeong Jeong-ryul.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terms">Terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Changja: Also known as a singer, it means a person who sings in pansori.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pansori_gosu" title="Pansori gosu">Gosu</a>: It means a person who beats the drum near the intestines and adds Chuimse.</li> <li>Gui-myeongchang: Pansori means a person who enjoys a spear properly.</li> <li>Balim: It means to take action according to the rhythm or editorial content. Some people use a fan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuimsae" title="Chuimsae">Chuimse</a>: It means that the audience or master speaks "Ulssu" or "good" to create an atmosphere and entertain the audience.</li> <li>Aniri: The Changja talk as usual, not to the beat.</li> <li>Noereum sae: Pansori refers to the acting ability to make the audience laugh and cry.* Duneum: It refers to a characteristic part or musical style that is inherited according to Pansori's Confucianism.</li> <li>Doseop: Pansori to the middle form of a sing and an aniri.</li> <li>Duek-eum :Set the voice: The musical competence of the pansori intestines refers to the completed state.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pansori_masterpiece_singer">Pansori masterpiece singer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Pansori masterpiece singer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pansori masterpiece refers to a person who sings exceptionally well in the intestines of Pansori. </p><p>The best literature of Pansori is "<a href="/wiki/Chunhyangga" title="Chunhyangga">Chunhyangga</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>" which was published in "The Cartoon House" by Yu Jin (1711-1791). </p><p>The best singers of Pansori were Uchundae, Kwon Sam-deuk, and Moheung-gap, which appeared in "Guanwoohee<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>" of Song Man-jae, and Hahandam, which appeared in "Gapsin Wanmun<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>", and were from the reign of <a href="/wiki/Yeongjo_of_Joseon" title="Yeongjo of Joseon">King Yeongjo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeongjo_of_Joseon" title="Jeongjo of Joseon">King Jeongjo</a> of modern <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a>. There must have been a masterpiece of pansori even before Uchundae and Haundam, but it remains only in the literature or is not oralized. </p><p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Sunjo_of_Joseon" title="Sunjo of Joseon">King Sunjo</a>, outstanding masters came out to form various groups in pansori, including Kwon Sam-deuk, Hwanghaecheon, Songheungrok, Bangmanchun, Yeom Gye-dal, Moheunggap, Kim Gye-cheol, Gosogwan, Sin Man-yeop, Song Gwang-rok, and Judeokgi. Eight of these are called eight people. The names of these master singers are also seen in Shin Jae-hyo's "The Clown." From this time on, a "sori clown" focusing on sound appeared, distinguishing it from a traditional "aniri clown" focusing on "aniri.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>" </p><p>The early days of <a href="/wiki/Cheoljong_of_Joseon" title="Cheoljong of Joseon">King Cheoljong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gojong_of_Korea" title="Gojong of Korea">King Gojong</a> corresponded to the heyday of pansori. Famous singers such as Park Yu-jeon, Park Man-soon, Lee Il-chi, Kim Se-jong, Song Woo-ryong, Jeong Start-up, Jung Chun-pung, Kim Chang-rok, Jang Ja-baek, Kim Chan-up, and Lee Chang-yoon came out to lead Pansori to a highly artistic level. They formed various factions based on the relationship between private affairs and regional delay, and eight of them were selected as the late eight singers. </p><p>At the end of <a href="/wiki/Gojong_of_Korea" title="Gojong of Korea">King Gojong</a>'s reign and at the beginning of his schedule, Pansori was the fruit of Pansori. On the other hand, after Wonggeuk became popular after Wongaksa Temple, Pansori began to sprout. As the master singers of each region moved in and out of each other, pansori's yupa gradually lost its distinctiveness. The famous singers who were active during this period include Park Ki-hong, Kim Chang-hwan, Kim Chae-man, Song Man-gap, Lee Dong-baek, Yu Gong-ryul, Jeon Do-seong, Kim Chang-ryong, Yoo Seong-jun, and Jeong-ryul. Five of these master singers are called five master singers. </p><p>Right behind the five singers were Jang Pan-gae,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yi Sun-yu, Kim Jeong-moon, Park Jung-geun, Gong Chang-sik, Yi Hwa Jung-sun, Im Bo-le, and Gang Jang-won. They played a major role in the Joseon Vocal Research Society, but were swept away by <a href="/wiki/Changgeuk" title="Changgeuk">Changgeuk</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pushed by Western music, and Pansori began to retreat. </p><p>Later master singers include Park Nok-ju, Kim Yeon-soo, Jeong Gwang-soo, Kim Yeo-ran, Park Cho-wol, Kim So-hee, Park Bong-sul, Park Dong-jin, Jung Kwon-jin, Han Seung-ho, Han Ae-soon, and Jang Young-chan. They are trying to revive the disappearing pansori, but they are in danger of disappearing without proper measures from the government and society. Among them, Kim So-hee,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Park Cho-wol, Park Bong-sul, Park Nok-ju,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kim Yeon-soo, Jeong Gwang-soo, Kim Yeo-ran, Jeong Gwon-jin, and Han Seung-ho were designated as intangible cultural assets. </p><p>After the death of the first generation of national intangible cultural assets, Jo Sang-hyeon, Park Song-hee, Song Soon-seop, Seongwuhyang, Sung Chang-soon, Oh Jeong-sook, Han Nong-seon, Namhae-seong, Shin Yeong-hee, and Kim Il-gu were designated as second generation intangible cultural assets. Following them, Jeong Soon-im, Kim Soo-yeon, Kim Young-ja, Inancho, Jeong Hoe-seok, and Yoon Jin-cheol were designated as third-generation national intangible cultural assets. In addition, there are numerous master singers such as Yoo Soo-jeong, Wang Ki-chul, Chae Soo-jeong, Yoo Mi-ri, Lee Ju-eun, Yeom Kyung-ae, and Jang Moon-hee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The stories described in Pansori all link to a distinct moral issue of people: Chunhyangga, Simcheongga, and Heungboga. Each tale teaches a valuable lesson and illustrates the ancient Koreans' believe in karma in their own unique way.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang-2016_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chunhyang relates the tale of a girl who was born into a humble household but transformed herself after marrying the governor's son. She subsequently rejected and resisted another governor's pressure. The narrative concludes with her husband rescuing her when she demonstrates the purity, love, and unity of individuals from many social classes.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang-2016_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Simcheongga emphasizes filial piety, chastity, and fortitude. Simcheong was freed by the King of the Sea as a compassion act, and she met and married the king of her realm, whom she had sacrificed herself to restore his sight. When she organizes a blind party, she stumbles across his father. Her father's sight is restored as a result of her tremendous love and devotion. The song underlines the significance of parents and children developing a solid bond.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang-2016_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heungboga's lessons underscore the pitfalls of human avarice. Heungbo's aid to a swallow with a broken leg pays off. His wicked brother, too, breaks a swallow's leg and does lovely things, but he pays for his actions. In this song, morality and goodness are praised, while wickedness is punished. This song teaches people this.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang-2016_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pansori_Changbon">Pansori Changbon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pansori Changbon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Pansori" is one of Korea's unique art forms that convey theatrical effects to those who see it as a sound in line with Gosu's drumming while clowns holding Hapjukseon in one hand beautifully and mixing all kinds of broadness. Just as there must be a script for the play to be staged, there must be a Pansori editorial before that to make Pansori sound by clowns, and the document that records the Pansori editorial is called the Pansori Changbon. In other words, in pansori, Changbon has the characteristics of a play in a play.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, there is a great feature in the Pansori version that plays do not have, which is that plays can be performed by anyone, while there is a specific version of the Pansori version for clowns. These windows are called "famous" and are distinguished from "unknown" versions without specific clowns. For example, "Song Man-gap Changbon" refers to the Pansori document sung by Song Man-gap. However, Song Man-gap is not his own creative work. Of course, it may be the work of a clown himself, but it is usually built by an outstanding scholar or supporter. Because most clowns had no writing skills. Thus, the established versions are usually oral transcriptions, which have been inherited from later generations, or were built by civil servants for certain clowns. </p><p>The original version of Pansori is sometimes produced in various ways during the transmission process. In other words, there is a slight (sometimes significant) variation in the content of the book, which has been handed down for hundreds of years to this day. For example, the early "Chunhyangga" could have been sung in three hours, but today, the content was greatly added enough to sing eight and a half hours. </p><p>Even if the original version of Pansori is the original copy of Dongil genealogy, many versions are gradually derived. As the first literature on the twelve yards of pansori, Song Man-jae's "Gwanwoohee" is currently cited, and there is no way to know which clown it belonged to before the 1810s because there is no technology on the original version. This does not mean that there is a clear record in the post-1810 literature. However, there are several copies or copies of the transcripts held by individuals because they are based on the oral tradition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_cultures">Similar cultures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Similar cultures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Musical storytelling of literatures like <i>pansori</i> was a concept that was prevalent in both the East and the West during the ancient times. </p><p>In Vietnam, the <a href="/wiki/Ca_tru" class="mw-redirect" title="Ca tru">ca tru</a> singing (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Vietnamese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="vi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">[kaː<span class="wrap"> </span>ʈû]</a></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1051880798">.mw-parser-output .vi-nom{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Nom Na Tong","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","Han-Nom Kai","TH-Khaai-TP0","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP0","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP0","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP0","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP0","TH-Ming-JP2","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinA","HanaMinB","HanaMin","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)",sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .vi-nom.ext{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP2","BabelStone Han","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinB","Han-Nom Kai",sans-serif}</style><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E7%B1%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:歌籌">歌籌</a></span>, "tally card songs"), also known as hát cô đầu or hát nói, is a Vietnamese genre of musical storytelling performed by a featuring female vocalist, with origins in northern Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For much of its history, it was associated with a pansori-like form of entertainment, which combined entertaining wealthy people as well as performing religious songs for the royal court. </p><p>In Europe, there was also a group of minstrel poets after the Middle Ages. In France, the matrimonial poem "changson de geste" was sung by monks in non-Latin slang (lingua romana) for pilgrims, and romance was also developed in the form of singing for several people in squares and salons. This form of epic poetry created by the collaboration of literature and music was of any people. This is a common medieval literary form from the 10th century to the 14th and 5th centuries, and Korean pansori is characterized by novels formed by letters first, and this pansori form was characterized by the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mo_Heunggap-ui_pansorido.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A painting depicting a pansori performance, 19th century."><img alt="A painting depicting a pansori performance, 19th century." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mo_Heunggap-ui_pansorido.jpg/120px-Mo_Heunggap-ui_pansorido.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mo_Heunggap-ui_pansorido.jpg/180px-Mo_Heunggap-ui_pansorido.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mo_Heunggap-ui_pansorido.jpg/240px-Mo_Heunggap-ui_pansorido.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1283" data-file-height="729" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A painting depicting a pansori performance, 19th century.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_music-Pansori-Heungbuga-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heungbuga performed by Ahn Suk-seon in Seoul, 2006."><img alt="Heungbuga performed by Ahn Suk-seon in Seoul, 2006." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Korean_music-Pansori-Heungbuga-01.jpg/120px-Korean_music-Pansori-Heungbuga-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Korean_music-Pansori-Heungbuga-01.jpg/180px-Korean_music-Pansori-Heungbuga-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Korean_music-Pansori-Heungbuga-01.jpg/240px-Korean_music-Pansori-Heungbuga-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Heungbuga" title="Heungbuga">Heungbuga</a></i> performed by Ahn Suk-seon in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, 2006.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korea-Busan_3405-06_Pansori.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pansori performance at the Busan Cultural Center in Busan, 2006."><img alt="Pansori performance at the Busan Cultural Center in Busan, 2006." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Korea-Busan_3405-06_Pansori.JPG/120px-Korea-Busan_3405-06_Pansori.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Korea-Busan_3405-06_Pansori.JPG/180px-Korea-Busan_3405-06_Pansori.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Korea-Busan_3405-06_Pansori.JPG/240px-Korea-Busan_3405-06_Pansori.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="831" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pansori performance at the Busan Cultural Center in <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, 2006.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean.music-Pansori-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A young Pansori singer in Edinburgh, Scotland, 2006."><img alt="A young Pansori singer in Edinburgh, Scotland, 2006." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Korean.music-Pansori-01.jpg/80px-Korean.music-Pansori-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Korean.music-Pansori-01.jpg/120px-Korean.music-Pansori-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Korean.music-Pansori-01.jpg/160px-Korean.music-Pansori-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A young Pansori singer in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, 2006.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KOCIS_Korea_Changdeokgung_Moonlight_Tour_20130426_26_(8695455174).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pansori performance at the Changdeokgung Palace in Seoul, 2013."><img alt="Pansori performance at the Changdeokgung Palace in Seoul, 2013." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/KOCIS_Korea_Changdeokgung_Moonlight_Tour_20130426_26_%288695455174%29.jpg/120px-KOCIS_Korea_Changdeokgung_Moonlight_Tour_20130426_26_%288695455174%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/KOCIS_Korea_Changdeokgung_Moonlight_Tour_20130426_26_%288695455174%29.jpg/180px-KOCIS_Korea_Changdeokgung_Moonlight_Tour_20130426_26_%288695455174%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/KOCIS_Korea_Changdeokgung_Moonlight_Tour_20130426_26_%288695455174%29.jpg/240px-KOCIS_Korea_Changdeokgung_Moonlight_Tour_20130426_26_%288695455174%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4044" data-file-height="2544" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pansori performance at the <a href="/wiki/Changdeokgung_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Changdeokgung Palace">Changdeokgung Palace</a> in Seoul, 2013.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_pansori_singers">Notable pansori singers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notable pansori singers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chae-seon" title="Jin Chae-seon">Jin Chae-seon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_So-hee_(singer,_born_1917)" title="Kim So-hee (singer, born 1917)">Kim So-hee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh_Jeong-suk" title="Oh Jeong-suk">Oh Jeong-suk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pak_Tongjin_(musician)" title="Pak Tongjin (musician)">Pak Tongjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahn_Sook-sun" title="Ahn Sook-sun">Ahn Sook-sun</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean music">Korean music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changgeuk" title="Changgeuk">Changgeuk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seopyeonje" title="Seopyeonje">Seopyeonje</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0059663">"Pansori" <bdi lang="ko">판소리</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i> (in Korean). The Academy of Korean Studies<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft.atitle=Pansori+%ED%8C%90%EC%86%8C%EB%A6%AC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FContents%2FItem%2FE0059663&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APansori" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF판소리" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">판소리. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/html/HtmlPage.do?pg=/unesco/CulHeritage/CulHeritage_02.jsp&pageNo=5_3_2_0"><bdi lang="ko">국가문화유산포탈 | 한국의 인류무형문화유산</bdi></a>. <i>www.heritage.go.kr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JoongAng+Ilbo&rft.atitle=%ED%8C%90%EC%86%8C%EB%A6%AC%E3%80%8D%EC%B0%BD%EB%B3%B8+%EA%B0%84%ED%96%89&rft.date=1974-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.joins.com%2Farticle%2F1370106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APansori" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norton, Barley. <i>Ca Trù: A Vietnamese Chamber Music Genre</i>. International Association for Research in Vietnamese Music.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=869187&cid=60544&categoryId=60544#TABLE_OF_CONTENT8">"판소리"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%ED%8C%90%EC%86%8C%EB%A6%AC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterms.naver.com%2Fentry.naver%3FdocId%3D869187%26cid%3D60544%26categoryId%3D60544%23TABLE_OF_CONTENT8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APansori" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJang2013" class="citation book cs1">Jang, Yeonok (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_XFBAgAAQBAJ"><i>Korean P'ansori Singing Tradition: Development, Authenticity, and Performance History</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810884625" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810884625"><bdi>978-0810884625</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korean+P%27ansori+Singing+Tradition%3A+Development%2C+Authenticity%2C+and+Performance+History&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0810884625&rft.aulast=Jang&rft.aufirst=Yeonok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_XFBAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APansori" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2008" class="citation book cs1">Kim, Kee Hyung (2008). "History of Pansori". In Yi, Yong-shik (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gugak.go.kr/site/program/board/basicboard/view?menuid=001003002005&boardtypeid=24&boardid=1409"><i>Pansori</i></a>. The National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Arts. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788985952101" title="Special:BookSources/9788985952101"><bdi>9788985952101</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History+of+Pansori&rft.btitle=Pansori&rft.pub=The+National+Center+for+Korean+Traditional+Performing+Arts&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9788985952101&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Kee+Hyung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gugak.go.kr%2Fsite%2Fprogram%2Fboard%2Fbasicboard%2Fview%3Fmenuid%3D001003002005%26boardtypeid%3D24%26boardid%3D1409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APansori" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUm2013" class="citation book cs1">Um, Haekyung (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2TxzBAAAQBAJ"><i>Korean Musical Drama: P'ansori and the Making of Tradition in Modernity</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0754662761" title="Special:BookSources/978-0754662761"><bdi>978-0754662761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korean+Musical+Drama%3A+P%27ansori+and+the+Making+of+Tradition+in+Modernity&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0754662761&rft.aulast=Um&rft.aufirst=Haekyung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2TxzBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APansori" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPilzer2016" class="citation cs2">Pilzer, Joshua D. (2016), "Musics of East Asia II: Korea", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hjklDwAAQBAJ"><i>Excursions in World Music, Seventh Edition</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-21375-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-21375-8"><bdi>978-1-317-21375-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Musics+of+East+Asia+II%3A+Korea&rft.btitle=Excursions+in+World+Music%2C+Seventh+Edition&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-21375-8&rft.aulast=Pilzer&rft.aufirst=Joshua+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhjklDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APansori" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansori&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pansori" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pansori">Pansori</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfGT-mN6ngw">"The Pansori Epic Chant"</a> on <i>YouTube</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/27/resources/12540">Robert C. Provine Collection of recordings of performances originating at the College of Music, Seoul National University</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.harvard.edu/collections/isham-memorial-library">Isham Memorial Library, Harvard University</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity:_Music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UNESCO Oral and Intangible music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity:_Music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity</a>: Music</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aka_people#Music" title="Aka people">Aka polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_iso-polyphony" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian iso-polyphony">Albanian folk iso-polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angklung" title="Angklung">Angklung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqyn" title="Aqyn">Aqyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_maqam" title="Arabic maqam">Arabic maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arirang" title="Arirang">Arirang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashiqs_of_Azerbaijan" title="Ashiqs of Azerbaijan">Ashiqs of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(Azerbaijani_instrument)" title="Tar (Azerbaijani instrument)">Azerbaijani tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baul#Baul_music" title="Baul">Baul music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C4%87arac" title="Bećarac">Bećarac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigwala" title="Bigwala">Bigwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyelgee" title="Biyelgee">Biyelgee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistritsa_Babi" title="Bistritsa Babi">Bistritsa Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumba_Meu_Boi#Bumba_meu_boi_in_Maranhão" title="Bumba Meu Boi">Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainichido_Bugaku" title="Dainichido Bugaku">Dainichido Bugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peking_opera" title="Peking opera">Beijing opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cante_Alentejano" title="Cante Alentejano">Cante Alentejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantu_a_tenore" title="Cantu a tenore">Cantu a tenore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca_tr%C3%B9" title="Ca trù">Ca trù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremona_violins" class="mw-redirect" title="Cremona violins">Cremona violins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doina" title="Doina">Doina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duduk" title="Duduk">Duduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshuva" title="Eshuva">Eshuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fado" title="Fado">Fado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frevo" title="Frevo">Frevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujara" title="Fujara">Fujara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagaku" title="Gagaku">Gagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagok" title="Gagok">Gagok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garifuna_music" title="Garifuna music">Garifuna music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(country)#Traditional_vocal_polyphony" title="Music of Georgia (country)">Georgian vocal polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_of_gong_culture" title="Space of gong culture">Gong culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guqin" title="Guqin">Guqin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwo_ka" title="Gwo ka">Gwoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan%27ge" title="Shan'ge">Hua'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudhud_chants" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudhud chants">Hudhud chants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongmyo_jerye" title="Jongmyo jerye">Jongmyo Jereyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Maqam" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Maqam">Iraqi Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_scale" title="Istrian scale">Istrian scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgal_Laox" class="mw-redirect" title="Kgal Laox">Kgal Laox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overtone_singing" title="Overtone singing">Khuumii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klapa" title="Klapa">Klapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koodiyattam" title="Koodiyattam">Koodiyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutar" title="Dutar">Khorasan Bakhshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumi_odori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumi odori">Kumi odori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunqu" title="Kunqu">Kunqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhamo" title="Lhamo">Lhamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_song" title="Long song">Long song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloya" title="Maloya">Maloya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshrep" title="Meshrep">Meshrep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morin_khuur" title="Morin khuur">Morin khuur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">Mugham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqam" title="Muqam">Muqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanguan_music" title="Nanguan music">Nanyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A3_nh%E1%BA%A1c" title="Nhã nhạc">Nhã nhạc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pungmul" title="Pungmul">Nongak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojkanje" title="Ojkanje">Ojkanje singing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pansori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirekua" title="Pirekua">Pirekua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quan_h%E1%BB%8D" title="Quan họ">Quan họ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qudud_Halabiya" title="Qudud Halabiya">Qudud Halabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radif_(music)" title="Radif (music)">Radif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebetiko" title="Rebetiko">Rebetiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_de_roda" class="mw-redirect" title="Samba de roda">Samba de roda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setos" title="Setos">Seto Leelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashmaqam" title="Shashmaqam">Shashmaqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silbo_Gomero" title="Silbo Gomero">Silbo Gomero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slov%C3%A1cko_Verbu%C5%88k" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovácko Verbuňk">Slovácko Verbuňk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yemen" title="Music of Yemen">Song of Sana'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosso_Bala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosso Bala">Sosso Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania#Sutartinės" title="Music of Lithuania">Sutartinės</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1nch%C3%A1z" title="Táncház">Táncház</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_the_Sibyl" title="The Song of the Sibyl">The Song of the Sibyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumba_francesa" title="Tumba francesa">Tumba francesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_chant" title="Vedic chant">Vedic chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayang#Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang">Wayang kulit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_guyue" title="Xi'an guyue">Xi'an guyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xoan_singing" title="Xoan singing">Xoan singing</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" 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href="/wiki/Moxibustion" title="Moxibustion">Moxibustion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ainu_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ainu dance (page does not exist)">Ainu dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akiu_no_Taue_Odori" title="Akiu no Taue Odori">Akiu no Taue Odori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqyn" title="Aqyn">Akyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angklung" title="Angklung">Angklung</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Arirang" title="Arirang">Arirang</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran#Khorasan" title="Music of Iran">Bakhshi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">Batik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul tradition of Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peking_opera" title="Peking opera">Beijing opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokator" title="Bokator">Bokator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boysun_District" title="Boysun District">Boysun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunraku" title="Bunraku">Bunraku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca_tr%C3%B9" title="Ca trù">Ca trù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakkirako" title="Chakkirako">Chakkirako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheoyongmu" title="Cheoyongmu">Cheoyongmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_architecture" title="Chinese architecture">Chinese architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing#Origins_in_Asia" title="Woodblock printing">Chinese block printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Chinese calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_paper_cutting" title="Chinese paper cutting">Chinese paper cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_carving" title="Seal carving">Chinese seal engraving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_play#Chinese" title="Shadow play">Chinese shadow puppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daemokjang" title="Daemokjang">Daemokjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimokutate" title="Daimokutate">Daimokutate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainichido_Bugaku" title="Dainichido Bugaku">Dainichido Bugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darangen_Epic" class="mw-redirect" title="Darangen Epic">Darangen Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival" title="Dragon Boat Festival">Dragon Boat Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drametse_Ngacham" title="Drametse Ngacham">Drametse Ngacham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja_in_Kolkata" title="Durga Puja in Kolkata">Durga Puja in Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_King_Gesar" title="Epic of King Gesar">Epic of King Gesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagaku" title="Gagaku">Gagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagok" title="Gagok">Gagok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganggangsullae" title="Ganggangsullae">Ganggangsullae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangneung_Danoje" title="Gangneung Danoje">Gangneung Danoje Festival</a></li> <li><a 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