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<li id="toc-Pre-16th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-16th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-16th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-16th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16th-_and_17th-century_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16th-_and_17th-century_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>16th- and 17th-century changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16th-_and_17th-century_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_century_to_the_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century_to_the_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>18th century to the present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century_to_the_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_and_official_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_and_official_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Constitutional and official role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_and_official_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cultural role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Titles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Titles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Titles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monarch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monarch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Monarch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monarch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dynasts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dynasts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Dynasts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dynasts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ducal_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ducal_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ducal titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ducal_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols_of_the_monarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols_of_the_monarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Symbols of the monarchy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Symbols_of_the_monarchy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Symbols of the monarchy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Symbols_of_the_monarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Regalia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_orders_of_chivalry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_orders_of_chivalry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Royal orders of chivalry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_orders_of_chivalry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_residences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_residences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Royal residences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_residences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Royal_Palace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Palace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Royal Palace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Palace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drottningholm_Palace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drottningholm_Palace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Drottningholm Palace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drottningholm_Palace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Haga_Palace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haga_Palace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3</span> <span>Haga Palace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haga_Palace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Royal Family</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Royal_Family-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Royal Family subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Royal_Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_line_of_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_line_of_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>The line of succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_line_of_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Monarchy of Sweden</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="ملك السويد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملك السويد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rei_de_Suecia" title="Rei de Suecia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rei de Suecia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0v%C3%A9dsk%C3%BD_kr%C3%A1l" title="Švédský král – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Švédský král" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nig_von_Schweden" title="König von Schweden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="König von Schweden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootsi_kuningas" title="Rootsi kuningas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rootsi kuningas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rey_de_Suecia" title="Rey de Suecia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rey de Suecia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suediako_monarkia" title="Suediako monarkia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Suediako monarkia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie_su%C3%A9doise" title="Monarchie suédoise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monarchie suédoise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0vedska_monarhija" title="Švedska monarhija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Švedska monarhija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Swedia" title="Kerajaan Swedia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerajaan Swedia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konungur_Sv%C3%AD%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0ar" title="Konungur Svíþjóðar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Konungur Svíþjóðar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="המלוכה השוודית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המלוכה השוודית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_svenske_monarkiet" title="Det svenske monarkiet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det svenske monarkiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarquia_da_Su%C3%A9cia" title="Monarquia da Suécia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Monarquia da Suécia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarhia_%C3%AEn_Suedia" title="Monarhia în Suedia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Monarhia în Suedia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Monarchy of Sweden" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Шведска монархија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шведска монархија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0vedska_monarhija" title="Švedska monarhija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Švedska monarhija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruotsin_hallitsija" title="Ruotsin hallitsija – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruotsin hallitsija" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveriges_monarki" title="Sveriges monarki – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sveriges monarki" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99" title="พระมหากษัตริย์สวีเดน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระมหากษัตริย์สวีเดน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sve%C3%A7_monar%C5%9Fisi" title="İsveç monarşisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İsveç monarşisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Монархи Швеції – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монархи Швеції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="سویڈن کی فرماں روائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سویڈن کی فرماں روائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_v%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Th%E1%BB%A5y_%C4%90i%E1%BB%83n" title="Quốc vương Thụy Điển – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc vương Thụy Điển" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li 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navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Swedish monarchy as an institution. For a list of kings and queens regnant of Sweden, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">List of Swedish monarchs</a>. For a list of Swedish princes and princesses, see <a href="/wiki/Swedish_royal_family" title="Swedish royal family">Swedish royal family</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr">King of <span class="country-name">Sweden</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Sveriges Konung</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/120px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/180px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/240px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="985" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater coat of arms of Sweden">Greater coat of arms of Sweden</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Incumbent</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_(42282165922)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_%2842282165922%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_%2842282165922%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_%2842282165922%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_%2842282165922%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_%2842282165922%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_%2842282165922%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1402" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a></span></b><br />since 15 September 1973</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">His Majesty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">Heir apparent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden" title="Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden">Crown Princess Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious" title="Eric the Victorious">Eric the Victorious</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Palace" title="Stockholm Palace">Stockholm Palace</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Royal_Palace_of_Stockholm_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Royal_Palace_of_Stockholm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Drottningholm_Palace" title="Drottningholm Palace">Drottningholm Palace</a><sup id="cite_ref-Drottningholm_Palace_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drottningholm_Palace-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kungahuset.se/">www<wbr />.kungahuset<wbr />.se</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>monarchy of Sweden</b> is centred on the monarchical <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-IOG1:5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOG1:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by law a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">hereditary monarchy</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IOG1:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOG1:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been kings in what now is the <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Kingdom of Sweden</a> for more than a millennium. Originally an <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elective monarchy</a>, it became a <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">hereditary monarchy</a> in the 16th century during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Vasa" title="Gustav Vasa">Gustav Vasa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Monarchy_in_Sweden_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monarchy_in_Sweden-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though virtually all monarchs before that belonged to a limited and small number of political families which are considered to be the royal dynasties of Sweden. </p><p>The official continuous count usually begins with the kings who ruled both <a href="/wiki/Svealand" title="Svealand">Svealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6taland" title="Götaland">Götaland</a> as one kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sweden's monarchy is amongst the oldest in the world, with a regnal list stretching back to the tenth century, starting with <a href="/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious" title="Eric the Victorious">Eric the Victorious</a>; the Swedish monarchy has, for the past thousand years, undergone cycles of decline and strengthening, culminating in the modern constitutional monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Swedish monarchy has been one of the key features in the development of Swedish culture, having for centuries patronized the arts and sciences. Several of Sweden's most prestigious academies and cultural institutions are under Swedish royal protection. This historical role politically, militarily and culturally, in spite of the country's otherwise liberal leanings, has resulted in the Swedish monarchy being popular.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, however, some of the most serious criticism ever published has taken place about the way his monarchy has developed under the current king's fifty-year reign.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sweden in the present day is a <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a>, as defined in the current <a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Sweden#Instrument_of_Government" title="Basic Laws of Sweden">Instrument of Government</a> (one of the four <a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Sweden" title="Basic Laws of Sweden">Basic Laws of the Realm</a> which makes up the written constitution<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). The monarch and the members of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_royal_family" title="Swedish royal family">royal family</a> undertake a variety of official, unofficial and other representational duties within Sweden and abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-Monarchy_in_Sweden_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monarchy_in_Sweden-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current king of Sweden is <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a>, while his heir is <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden" title="Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden">Crown Princess Victoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Swedish monarch has numerous residences, primarily state-owned but some privately owned; their official residence and workplace is <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Palace" title="Stockholm Palace">Stockholm Palace</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Drottningholm_Palace" title="Drottningholm Palace">Drottningholm Palace</a> serves as the monarchy's private residence. Other notable residences include <a href="/wiki/Gripsholm_Castle" title="Gripsholm Castle">Gripsholm Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulriksdal_Palace" title="Ulriksdal Palace">Ulriksdal Palace</a>, as well as others throughout Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several large palaces and a considerable section of the Swedish capital of <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> have been at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Right_of_Disposal_(Sweden)" title="Royal Right of Disposal (Sweden)">disposal of the monarch</a> since 1809. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Sweden" title="Category:History of Sweden">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden" title="History of Sweden">History of <span class="fn org label">Sweden</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/80px-Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/120px-Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/160px-Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="308" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Prehistoric</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Sweden" title="Prehistoric Sweden">Prehistory</a> (12000 BC–800 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a> (800–1050)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Early History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(800%E2%80%931521)#Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sweden (800–1521)">Middle Ages</a> (1050–1397)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a> (1397–1521)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1523%E2%80%931611)" title="History of Sweden (1523–1611)">Early Vasa era</a> (1521–1611)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Great Power</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1611%E2%80%931648)" title="History of Sweden (1611–1648)">Emerging Great Power</a> (1611–1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a> (1648–1718)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Enlightenment</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Liberty" title="Age of Liberty">Age of Liberty</a> (1718–1772)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavian_era" title="Gustavian era">Age of Absolutism</a> (1772–1809)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Liberalization</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government_(1809)" title="Instrument of Government (1809)">Constitution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden_in_Union_with_Norway" title="Sweden in Union with Norway">Union</a> (1809–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">United Kingdoms</a> (1814–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_the_late_19th_century" title="Sweden during the late 19th century">Industrialization</a> (1866–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_I" title="Sweden during World War I">World War I</a> (1914–1918)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Modern History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Sweden_(1918%E2%80%931939)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Sweden (1918–1939) (page does not exist)">Interwar period</a> (1918–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">World War II</a> (1939–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1945%E2%80%931967)" title="History of Sweden (1945–1967)">Postwar period</a> (1945–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1967%E2%80%931991)" title="History of Sweden (1967–1991)">Second half of Cold War</a> (1967–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1991%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Sweden (1991–present)">Post-Cold War</a> (1991–present)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Topical</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sweden" title="History of the Jews in Sweden">History of the Jews in Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Sweden" title="LGBT history in Sweden">LGBT history in Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Sweden" title="Military history of Sweden">Military history of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Sweden" title="Economic history of Sweden">Economic history of Sweden</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Swedish_history" title="Timeline of Swedish history">Timeline</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sweden" title="Portal:Sweden">Sweden portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Sweden" title="Template:History of Sweden"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Sweden" title="Template talk:History of Sweden"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Sweden" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Sweden"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden" title="History of Sweden">History of Sweden</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-16th_century">Pre-16th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-16th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Konungr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Konungr.jpg/220px-Konungr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Konungr.jpg/330px-Konungr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Konungr.jpg/440px-Konungr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption><b><span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">kunuki</i></span></b>, i.e. <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">konungi</i></span>, the <a href="/wiki/Dative_case" title="Dative case">dative case</a> for <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">konungr</i></span> ("king"). A <a href="/wiki/Rune" title="Rune">runic</a> inscription of the 11th century (<a href="/wiki/Uppland_Runic_Inscription_11" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 11">U11</a>) refers to King <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5kan_the_Red" title="Håkan the Red">Håkan the Red</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Scandinavian peoples have had kings since prehistoric times. As early as the 1st century CE, <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> wrote that the <a href="/wiki/Suiones" class="mw-redirect" title="Suiones">Suiones</a> had a king, but the order of Swedish regnal succession up until King <a href="/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious" title="Eric the Victorious">Eric the Victorious</a> (died 995), is known almost exclusively through accounts in historically controversial <a href="/wiki/Norse_saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse saga">Norse sagas</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Mythical_kings_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythical kings of Sweden">Mythical kings of Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semi-legendary_kings_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-legendary kings of Sweden">Semi-legendary kings of Sweden</a>). </p><p>Originally, the Swedish king had combined powers limited to that of a war chief, a judge and a priest at the <a href="/wiki/Temple_at_Uppsala" title="Temple at Uppsala">Temple at Uppsala</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Germanic_king" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic king">Germanic king</a>). However, there are thousands of <a href="/wiki/Runestone" title="Runestone">runestones</a> commemorating commoners, but no known chronicle<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> about the Swedish kings prior to the 14th century (though a list of kings was added in the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stg%C3%B6ta_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Västgöta Law">Västgöta Law</a>), and there is a relatively small number of runestones that are thought to mention kings: Gs 11 (<a href="/wiki/Emund_the_Old" title="Emund the Old">Emund the Old</a> – reigned 1050–1060), <a href="/wiki/Uppland_Runic_Inscription_11" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 11">U 11</a> (<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5kan_the_Red" title="Håkan the Red">Håkan the Red</a> – late 11th century) and <a href="/wiki/Norsta_Runestone" title="Norsta Runestone">U 861</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blot-Sweyn" title="Blot-Sweyn">Blot-Sweyn</a> – reigned <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1080). </p><p>About 1000 A.D., the first king known to rule both <a href="/wiki/Svealand" title="Svealand">Svealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6taland" title="Götaland">Götaland</a> was <a href="/wiki/Olof_Sk%C3%B6tkonung" title="Olof Skötkonung">Olof Skötkonung</a>, but further history for the next two centuries is obscure, with many kings whose tenures and actual influence/power remains unclear. The Royal Court of Sweden, however, does count Olof's father, Eric the Victorious, as Sweden's first king. The power of the king was greatly strengthened<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The reason for this is unclear. (December 2017)">why?</span></a></i>]</sup> by the introduction of Christianity during the 11th century, and the following centuries saw a process of consolidation of power into the hands of the king. The Swedes traditionally elected a king from a favored dynasty at the <a href="/wiki/Stones_of_Mora" title="Stones of Mora">Stones of Mora</a>, and the people had the right to elect the king as well as to depose him. The ceremonial stones were destroyed around 1515.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 12th century, the consolidation of Sweden was still affected by dynastic struggles between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Erik" title="House of Erik">Erik</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Sverker" title="House of Sverker">Sverker</a> clans, which ended when a third clan married into the Erik clan and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bj%C3%A4lbo" title="House of Bjälbo">House of Bjälbo</a> was established on the throne. That dynasty formed pre-<a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a> Sweden into a strong state, and finally King <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Eriksson" title="Magnus Eriksson">Magnus Eriksson</a> (reigned 1319–1364) even ruled <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> (1319–1343) and <a href="/wiki/Scania" title="Scania">Scania</a> (1332–1360). Following the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the union weakened, and Scania was captured by Denmark. </p><p>In 1397, after the Black Death and domestic power struggles, Queen <a href="/wiki/Margaret_I_of_Denmark" title="Margaret I of Denmark">Margaret I of Denmark</a> united Sweden (then including <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>), Denmark and Norway (then including <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Union of Kalmar</a> with the approval of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_nobility" title="Swedish nobility">Swedish nobility</a>. Continual tension within each country and the union led to open conflict between the Swedes and the Danes in the 15th century. The union's final disintegration in the early 16th century led to prolonged rivalry between Denmark-Norway and Sweden (with Finland) for centuries to come. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16th-_and_17th-century_changes">16th- and 17th-century changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 16th- and 17th-century changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:60em; width:auto; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:auto">House of Vasa </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto; font-size:89%;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_sv_Kettil_Karlsson_(Vasa).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/COA_sv_Kettil_Karlsson_%28Vasa%29.png/75px-COA_sv_Kettil_Karlsson_%28Vasa%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/COA_sv_Kettil_Karlsson_%28Vasa%29.png/113px-COA_sv_Kettil_Karlsson_%28Vasa%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/COA_sv_Kettil_Karlsson_%28Vasa%29.png/150px-COA_sv_Kettil_Karlsson_%28Vasa%29.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nils_Kettilsson(Vasa)(sv)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nils Kettilsson(Vasa)(sv) (page does not exist)">Nils Kettilsson(Vasa)(sv)</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils_Kettilsson_(Vasa)" class="extiw" title="sv:Nils Kettilsson (Vasa)">sv</a>]</sup><br /><small>(† 1378)</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krister_Nilsson_(Vasa)(sv)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krister Nilsson (Vasa)(sv) (page does not exist)">Krister Nilsson (Vasa)(sv)</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krister_Nilsson_(Vasa)" class="extiw" title="sv:Krister Nilsson (Vasa)">sv</a>]</sup><br /><small>(† 1442)</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Ramborg Nilsdotter<br /><small>(m. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tord_Bonde_(R%C3%B6riksson)(sv)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tord Bonde (Röriksson)(sv) (page does not exist)">Tord Bonde (Röriksson)(sv)</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tord_Bonde_(R%C3%B6riksson)" class="extiw" title="sv:Tord Bonde (Röriksson)">sv</a>]</sup>)<a href="/wiki/Bonde_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonde family">Bonde family</a></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Kristiernsson(Vasa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Kristiernsson(Vasa) (page does not exist)">Karl Kristiernsson(Vasa)</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kristiernsson_(Vasa)" class="extiw" title="sv:Karl Kristiernsson (Vasa)">sv</a>]</sup><br /><small>(† 1440)</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Kristiernsson(Vasa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Kristiernsson(Vasa) (page does not exist)">Johan Kristiernsson(Vasa)</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Kristiernsson_(Vasa)" class="extiw" title="sv:Johan Kristiernsson (Vasa)">sv</a>]</sup><br /><small>(† 1477)</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nils_Kristiernsson_(Vasa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nils Kristiernsson (Vasa) (page does not exist)">Nils Kristiernsson (Vasa)</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils_Kristiernsson_(Vasa)" class="extiw" title="sv:Nils Kristiernsson (Vasa)">sv</a>]</sup><br /><small>(† 1464)</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Kristina Kristiernsdotter<br /><small>(ép. <a href="/wiki/Bengt_J%C3%B6nsson_Oxenstierna" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengt Jönsson Oxenstierna">Bengt Jönsson(Oxenstierna)</a>)</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Knut Tordsson<br /><small>(† 1413)</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Kettil_Karlsson_Vasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kettil Karlsson Vasa">Kettil Karlsson</a><br /><small>(v. 1433–1465)<br /> bishop of Linköping from 1459 to 1465 and Swedish regent in 1465.</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Johansson_Vasa" title="Erik Johansson Vasa">Erik Johansson Vasa</a><br /><small>(v. 1470–1520)</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles VIII of Sweden">Charles VIII Bonde</a></b><br />(1409–1470)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1448–1457, 1464–1465</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#F00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Gustav_I_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav I of Sweden">Gustav I Eriksson Vasa</a></b><br />(1496–1560)<br />Regent 1521–1523<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1523–1560</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" 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style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_House_of_Vasa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arms_of_the_House_of_Vasa.svg/75px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Vasa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arms_of_the_House_of_Vasa.svg/113px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Vasa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arms_of_the_House_of_Vasa.svg/150px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Vasa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="370" /></a></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Eric_XIV_of_Sweden" title="Eric XIV of Sweden">Eric XIV</a></b><br />(1533–1577)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1560–1568</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Sweden" title="John III of Sweden">John III</a></b><br />(1537–1592)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1568–1592</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Charles IX</a></b><br />(1550–1611)<br />Regent 1599–1604<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1604–1611</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Vasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus Vasa">Magnus</a></b><br />(1542–1595)<br /><a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Duke</a> of <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Östergötland">Östergötland</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Gyllenhielm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Gyllenhielm (page does not exist)">Julius Gyllenhielm</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Gyllenhielm" class="extiw" title="sv:Julius Gyllenhielm">sv</a>]</sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gyllenhielm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gyllenhielm (page does not exist)">Gyllenhielm</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyllenhielm" class="extiw" title="sv:Gyllenhielm">sv</a>]</span></b><br />(1560–1581)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a></b><br />(1566–1632)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1592–1599</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Vasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine Vasa">Catherine</a><br /><small>(1584–1638)</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustav II Adolph</a></b><br />(1594–1632)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1611–1632</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gyllenhielm" title="Carl Gyllenhielm">Carl Gyllenhielm</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gyllenhielm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gyllenhielm (page does not exist)">Gyllenhielm</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyllenhielm" class="extiw" title="sv:Gyllenhielm">sv</a>]</span></b><br />(1574–1650)<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_field_marshals" title="List of Swedish field marshals">Swedish Field Marshal</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa" title="Władysław IV Vasa">Władysław IV Vasa</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1595–1648)<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">King of Poland, GD of Lithuania</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1632–1648</span></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_Vasa" title="John II Casimir Vasa">John II Casimir Vasa</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1609–1672)<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">King of Poland, GD of Lithuania</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1648 – 1668 (abdicated)</span></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav</a></b><br />(1622–1660)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1654–1660</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Christina, Queen of Sweden">Christina</a></b><br />(1626–1689)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1632–1654</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Gustav_of_Vasaborg" title="Gustav of Vasaborg">Gustaf Gusstafsson</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Gustafsson_af_Vasaborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustaf Gustafsson af Vasaborg (page does not exist)">Gustaf Gustafsson af Vasaborg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaf_Gustafsson_af_Vasaborg" class="extiw" title="sv:Gustaf Gustafsson af Vasaborg">sv</a>]</span>)</b><br />(1616–1653)<br /><a href="/wiki/Vasaborg" title="Vasaborg">af Vasaborg</a>,1637 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasaborg_(%C3%A4tt)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasaborg (ätt) (page does not exist)">Vasaborg (ätt)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasaborg_(%C3%A4tt)" class="extiw" title="sv:Vasaborg (ätt)">sv</a>]</span>), Count of Nystad, 1647</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustav_Vasa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gustav_Vasa.jpg/170px-Gustav_Vasa.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gustav_Vasa.jpg/255px-Gustav_Vasa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Gustav_Vasa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gustav_I_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav I of Sweden">Gustav I</a>, portrayed here in 1542 by <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Binck" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakob Binck">Jakob Binck</a>, legally created the hereditary monarchy and organized the Swedish <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary state</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Catholic bishops had supported the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">King of Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_II_of_Denmark" title="Christian II of Denmark">Christian II</a>, but he was <a href="/wiki/Swedish_War_of_Liberation" title="Swedish War of Liberation">overthrown in a rebellion</a> led by nobleman <a href="/wiki/Gustav_I_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav I of Sweden">Gustav Vasa</a>, whose father had been executed at the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_bloodbath" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm bloodbath">Stockholm bloodbath</a>. Gustav Vasa (hereinafter referred to as Gustav I) was elected King of Sweden by the <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm" title="Estates of the realm">estates of the realm</a>, assembled in <a href="/wiki/Str%C3%A4ngn%C3%A4s" title="Strängnäs">Strängnäs</a> on 6 June 1523. </p><p>Inspired by the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>, Gustav I used the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> to curb the power of the Roman <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. In 1527 he persuaded the <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm" title="Estates of the realm">estates of the realm</a>, assembled in the city of <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ster%C3%A5s" title="Västerås">Västerås</a>, to confiscate church lands, which comprised 21% of the country's farmland. At the same time, he broke with the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">papacy</a> and established a reformed <a href="/wiki/State_church" class="mw-redirect" title="State church">state church</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-n2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout his reign, Gustav I suppressed both aristocratic and <a href="/wiki/Dacke_War" title="Dacke War">peasant opposition</a> to his ecclesiastical policies and efforts at centralisation, which to some extent laid the foundation for the modern Swedish <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary state</a>. Legally Sweden has only been a <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">hereditary monarchy</a> since 1544 when the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag_of_the_Estates" title="Riksdag of the Estates">Riksdag of the Estates</a>, through <i>Västerås arvförening</i>, designated the sons of King Gustav I as the heirs to the Throne.<sup id="cite_ref-n3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tax reforms took place in 1538 and 1558, whereby multiple complex taxes on independent farmers were simplified and standardised throughout the district<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and tax assessments per farm were adjusted to reflect ability to pay. Crown tax revenues increased, but more importantly the new system was perceived as fairer. A war with <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a> in 1535 resulted in the expulsion of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic traders</a>, who previously had had a monopoly on foreign trade. With its own burghers in charge, Sweden's economic strength grew rapidly, and by 1544 Gustav controlled 60% of the farmlands in all of Sweden. Sweden now built the first modern army in Europe, supported by a sophisticated tax system and an efficient bureaucracy.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the death of King Gustav I in 1560, he was succeeded by his oldest son <a href="/wiki/Eric_XIV_of_Sweden" title="Eric XIV of Sweden">Eric XIV</a>. His reign was marked by Sweden's entrance into the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Northern Seven Years' War">Northern Seven Years' War</a>. The combination of Eric's developing <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disorder</a> and his opposition to the aristocracy led to the <a href="/wiki/Sture_Murders" class="mw-redirect" title="Sture Murders">Sture Murders</a> in 1567 and the imprisonment of his brother <a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Sweden" title="John III of Sweden">John (III)</a>, who was married to <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Jagiellon" title="Catherine Jagiellon">Catherine Jagiellon</a>, sister of King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_II_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigismund II of Poland">Sigismund II of Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1568 Eric was dethroned and succeeded by John III. In domestic politics John III showed clear <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> sympathies, inspired by his queen, creating friction with the Swedish clergy and nobility. He reintroduced several Catholic traditions previously abolished, and his foreign policy was affected by his family connection to the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>, where his eldest son had been made King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III</a> in 1587.<sup id="cite_ref-n20_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n20-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the death of his father, Sigismund tried to <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_union" title="Polish–Swedish union">rule Sweden from Poland</a>, leaving Sweden under the control of a <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> – his paternal uncle (Gustav I's youngest son) <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Charles (IX)</a> – but was unable to defend his Swedish throne against the ambitions of his uncle. In 1598 Sigismund and his Swedish-Polish army were defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St%C3%A5ngebro" title="Battle of Stångebro">Battle of Stångebro</a> by the forces of Charles, and he was declared deposed by the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag_of_the_Estates" title="Riksdag of the Estates">Estates</a> in 1599. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg/170px-Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg/255px-Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg/340px-Gustavus_Adolphus_at_the_Battle_at_Breitenfeld.jpg 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption><i>The Lion of the North</i>: King <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus" title="Gustavus Adolphus">Gustavus Adolphus</a> depicted at the turning point of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breitenfeld_(1631)" title="Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)">Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)</a> against the forces of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Tserclaes,_Count_of_Tilly" title="Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly">Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1604, the Estates finally recognized the regent and de facto ruler as King Charles IX. His short reign was one of uninterrupted warfare. The hostility of Poland and the breakup of Russia involved him in overseas contests for the possession of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Livonia_(1629%E2%80%931721)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Livonia (1629–1721)">Livonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Ingria" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Ingria">Ingria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931611)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)">Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ingrian_War" title="Ingrian War">Ingrian War</a>, while his pretensions to claim <a href="/wiki/Laponia_(historical_province)" title="Laponia (historical province)">Lapland</a> brought on a war with <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kalmar_War" title="Kalmar War">Kalmar War</a>) in the last year of his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-n1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus" title="Gustavus Adolphus">Gustavus Adolphus</a> inherited three wars from his father when he ascended to the throne. From 1612, when Count <a href="/wiki/Axel_Oxenstierna" title="Axel Oxenstierna">Axel Oxenstierna</a> was appointed <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Chancellor_of_Sweden" title="Lord High Chancellor of Sweden">Lord High Chancellor</a>, which he remained until Gustavus Adolphus's death, the two men struck a long and successful partnership and complemented each other well: In Oxenstierna's own words, his "cool" balanced the King's "heat".<sup id="cite_ref-Trettioåriga_kriget_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trettioåriga_kriget-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nordisk_Familjebok_-_Axel_Gustafsson_Oxenstierna_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nordisk_Familjebok_-_Axel_Gustafsson_Oxenstierna-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war against Russia (the <a href="/wiki/Ingrian_War" title="Ingrian War">Ingrian War</a>) ended in 1617 with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stolbovo" title="Treaty of Stolbovo">Treaty of Stolbovo</a>, which excluded Russia from the Baltic Sea. The final inherited war, the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931629)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629)">war against Poland</a>, ended in 1629 with the <a href="/wiki/Truce_of_Altmark" title="Truce of Altmark">Truce of Altmark</a>, which transferred the large province of <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Livonia" title="Swedish Livonia">Livonia</a> to Sweden and freed the Swedish forces for subsequent intervention in the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> in Germany, where Swedish forces had <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Stralsund_(1628)" title="Siege of Stralsund (1628)">already established a bridgehead in 1628</a>. <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> was torn apart by a quarrel between the Protestants and the Catholics. When Gustavus Adolphus <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stettin_(1630)" title="Treaty of Stettin (1630)">began his push</a> into northern Germany in June–July 1630, he had just 4,000 soldiers. But he was soon able to consolidate the <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> position in the north, using reinforcements from Sweden and money supplied by France at the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_B%C3%A4rwalde" title="Treaty of Bärwalde">Treaty of Bärwalde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-n17_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n17-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gustavus Adolphus was killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%BCtzen_(1632)" title="Battle of Lützen (1632)">1632 Battle of Lützen</a>. Queen <a href="/wiki/Maria_Eleonora_of_Brandenburg" title="Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg">Maria Eleonora</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Sweden" title="Privy Council of Sweden">king's ministers</a> took over the government of the Realm on behalf of Gustavus Adolphus' underage daughter <a href="/wiki/Christina_I_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Christina I of Sweden">Christina</a>, until she reached the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">age of majority</a>. Gustavus Adolphus is often regarded by military historians as one of the greatest military commanders of all time, with innovative use of <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined arms</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-n8_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n8-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Christina, Queen of Sweden">Christina</a> succeeded her father aged six. A regency government ruled in her name until she turned 18 years of age. During the regency, Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna wrote the <a href="/wiki/1634_Instrument_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="1634 Instrument of Government">1634 Instrument of Government</a>, which although never approved by any monarch, continued to have an important normative role in the state administration. Christina early on showed an interest in literature and the sciences and famously brought <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a> to Sweden. Sweden continued to be involved in the Thirty Years' War during reign of Christina and that conflict was settled at the 1648 <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a>, and the Swedish monarch received representation at the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imperial Diet</a> due to the German conquests (<a href="/wiki/Bremen-Verden" title="Bremen-Verden">Bremen-Verden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Pomerania" title="Swedish Pomerania">Swedish Pomerania</a>) that were made.<sup id="cite_ref-n10_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n10-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having decided not to marry, Christina abdicated the throne on 5 June 1654 in favor of her cousin <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav" title="Charles X Gustav">Charles X Gustav</a>, went abroad, and converted to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>. </p> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:60em; width:auto; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:auto"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">House of Wittelsbach</a> (Palatine-Zweibrucken branch) on the Swedish Throne </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto; font-size:89%;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sigismund_Vasa_arms.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Sigismund_Vasa_arms.png/75px-Sigismund_Vasa_arms.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Sigismund_Vasa_arms.png/113px-Sigismund_Vasa_arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Sigismund_Vasa_arms.png/150px-Sigismund_Vasa_arms.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="799" /></a></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a></b><br />(1566–1632)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1592–1599</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustav II Adolph</a></b><br />(1594–1632)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1611–1632</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Sweden,_Countess_Palatine_of_Kleeburg" title="Catherine of Sweden, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg">Princess Catherine</a><br />(1584–1638)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/John_Casimir,_Count_Palatine_of_Kleeburg" title="John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg">John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg</a><br />1589–1652</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a><br />(1597–1659)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa" title="Władysław IV Vasa">Władysław IV Vasa</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1595–1648)<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">King of Poland, GD of Lithuania</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1632–1648</span></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_Vasa" title="John II Casimir Vasa">John II Casimir Vasa</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1609–1672)<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">King of Poland, GD of Lithuania</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1648 – 1668 (abdicated)</span></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Christina, Queen of Sweden">Christina</a></b><br />(1626–1689)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1632–1654</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav</a></b><br />(1622–1660)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1654–1660</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg/75px-Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg/113px-Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg/150px-Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="370" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="font-size:85%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #00008B"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Palatinate-Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken">House of Sweden—Palatine-Zweibrücken</a></span></span></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Christina_Magdalena_of_the_Palatinate-Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="Christina Magdalena of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken">Christina Magdalena of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken</a><br />(1616–1662)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI,_Margrave_of_Baden-Durlach" title="Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach">Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach</a><br />(1617–1677)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_XI_of_Sweden" title="Charles XI of Sweden">Charles XI</a></b><br />(1655–1697)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1660–1697</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/John_Frederick,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg-Ansbach" title="John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach">John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach</a><br />1654–1686</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Johanna Elisabeth of Baden-Durlach<br />(1651–1680)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII,_Margrave_of_Baden-Durlach" title="Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach">Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach</a><br />(1647–1709)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Albert,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a><br />(1641–1695)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Hedvig_Sophia_of_Sweden" title="Hedvig Sophia of Sweden">Hedvig Sophia of Sweden</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">hieress of Sweden</a></b><br /><b>eldest sister of <a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII of Sweden</a></b><br />1681–1708</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Sweden" title="Frederick I of Sweden">Frederick I</a></b><br />(1676–1751)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1720–1751</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ulrika_Eleonora,_Queen_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden">Ulrika Eleonora</a></b><br />(1688–1741)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1718–1720</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII</a></b><br />(1682–1718)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1697–1718</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Friederike_of_Brandenburg-Ansbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach">Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach</a><br />(1676–1731)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Reinhard_III,_Count_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Johann Reinhard III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg">Johann Reinhard III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a><br />(1665–1736)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Margravine_Albertina_Frederica_of_Baden-Durlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Margravine Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach">Margravine Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach</a><br />(1682–1755)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Christian_August_of_Holstein-Gottorp,_Prince_of_Eutin" title="Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin">Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin</a><br />(1673–1726)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Charles Frederick</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Duke of Schleswig-<br />Holstein-Gottorp</a></b><br /><b>r. 1702–1739</b><br />1700–1739</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anna_Petrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>daughter & eventual heiress of <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a></b><br /><b>r. 1725–1728</b><br />1708–1728</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt">Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt</a><br />(1691–1768)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Countess_Charlotte_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg">Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a><br />(1700–1726)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Frederick,_King_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden">Adolf Frederick</a></b><br />(1710–1771)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1751–1771</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png/50px-Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png/75px-Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png/100px-Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1829" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/House_of_Romanov#House_of_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov" title="House of Romanov"><b><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#006600">House of Holstein-<br />Gottorp-Romanov</span></span></b></a></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_(branche_su%C3%A8doise).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_%28branche_su%C3%A8doise%29.svg/75px-Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_%28branche_su%C3%A8doise%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_%28branche_su%C3%A8doise%29.svg/113px-Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_%28branche_su%C3%A8doise%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_%28branche_su%C3%A8doise%29.svg/150px-Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_%28branche_su%C3%A8doise%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="384" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #00008B"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Holstein-Gottorp_(Swedish_line)" title="House of Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish line)">House of Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish line)</a></span></span></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#FFD700"><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Russia" title="Peter III of Russia">Peter III</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_all_the_Russias" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of all the Russias">Emperor of Russia</a></b><br /><b>r. 1762–1762</b><br />1728–1762</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_William_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt">Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt</a><br />(1722–1782)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_XI_of_Sweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Charles_XI_of_Sweden.jpg/170px-Charles_XI_of_Sweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Charles_XI_of_Sweden.jpg/255px-Charles_XI_of_Sweden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Charles_XI_of_Sweden.jpg/340px-Charles_XI_of_Sweden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2805" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_XI_of_Sweden" title="Charles XI of Sweden">Charles XI</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lund" title="Battle of Lund">Battle of Lund</a> in 1676. Painting by <a href="/wiki/David_Kl%C3%B6cker_Ehrenstrahl" title="David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl">David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Estates elected <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav" title="Charles X Gustav">Charles X Gustav</a> as their new King, and his short reign is best characterized by <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">foreign wars</a>: <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">first a lengthy campaign within Poland</a> and then with Denmark. In the latter case, the risky 1658 <a href="/wiki/March_across_the_Belts" class="mw-redirect" title="March across the Belts">March across the Belts</a> which resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Roskilde" title="Treaty of Roskilde">Treaty of Roskilde</a>, would prove to be the largest permanent territorial gain Sweden ever had: <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A5ne" class="mw-redirect" title="Skåne">Skåne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blekinge" title="Blekinge">Blekinge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bohusl%C3%A4n" title="Bohuslän">Bohuslän</a> now became Swedish provinces and have remained so ever since. Charles X Gustav was not satisfied, as he wanted to crush Denmark once and for all, but the <a href="/wiki/Assault_on_Copenhagen_(1659)" title="Assault on Copenhagen (1659)">1659 Assault on Copenhagen</a> did not prove successful for the Swedes, largely due to the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sound" title="Battle of the Sound">naval intervention</a> to the aid of the Danes. </p><p>Charles X Gustav died in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a> in 1660 and as the Crown passed to his five-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Charles_XI_of_Sweden" title="Charles XI of Sweden">Charles XI</a>, a new regency government would assume the responsibilities of the state. The regency government, composed of aristocrats and led by Chancellor Count <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Gabriel_De_la_Gardie" title="Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie">Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie</a>, was more interested in feathering their own nests rather than working in the interest of the country at large. When Charles XI came of age in 1672, the effectiveness of the armed forces had seriously deteriorated and the country was ill-prepared as the King of Denmark, <a href="/wiki/Christian_V_of_Denmark" title="Christian V of Denmark">Christian V</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scanian_War" title="Scanian War">invaded to settle old scores</a>. The Danes were <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Lund" title="Peace of Lund">ultimately unsuccessful</a> in their attempts, and Charles XI undertook several measures to prevent what had just almost happened from occurring again: reducing the influence of the aristocracy by <a href="/wiki/Reduction_(Sweden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reduction (Sweden)">nationalizing estates and properties</a> which had been handed out to them by his predecessors, introducing the <a href="/wiki/Allotment_system" title="Allotment system">Allotment system</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">indelningsverket</i>) which would form the basis of the armed forces until the 20th century, and with the support of the Estates he was declared in 1680 an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute monarch">absolute monarch</a>. </p><p>Charles XI was succeeded by his son, <a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII</a>, who would prove to be an extremely able military commander, defeating far larger enemies with the small but highly professional Swedish army. His defeat of the Russians <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1700)" title="Battle of Narva (1700)">at Narva</a> when just 18 years old was to be his greatest victory. However his campaigning at the head of his army during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> would ultimately lead to catastrophic defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poltava" title="Battle of Poltava">Battle of Poltava</a> after which he spent several years in <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Turkey (now Moldova)</a>. Some years later he was killed at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fredriksten" title="Siege of Fredriksten">Siege of Fredriksten</a> during an attempt to invade Norway. The Swedish Age of Greatness (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">stormaktstiden</i>) had ended.<sup id="cite_ref-n18_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n18-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century_to_the_present">18th century to the present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 18th century to the present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:60em; width:auto; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:auto"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a> (Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp branch) & Succession to the Swedish Throne </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-size:95%"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg/50px-Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg/75px-Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg/100px-Armoiries_Su%C3%A8de_Palatinat1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="370" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #00008B"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Palatinate-Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken">House of Sweden—Palatine-Zweibrücken</a></span></span></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Blason_Dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp.svg/50px-Blason_Dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Blason_Dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp.svg/75px-Blason_Dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Blason_Dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp.svg/100px-Blason_Dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="618" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#006600">House of Schleswig-<br />Holstein-Gottorp</span></span></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#00008B"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_XI_of_Sweden" title="Charles XI of Sweden">Charles XI of Sweden</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">King of Sweden</a></b><br /><b>r. 1660–1697</b><br />1655–1697</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_Albert,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Christian Albert</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Duke of Schleswig-<br />Holstein-Gottorp</b><br /><b>r. 1659–1695</b><br />1641–1695</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#FFD700"><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_all_the_Russias" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of all the Russias">Emperor of Russia</a></b><br /><b>r. 1682–1725</b><br />1672 – 1725</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#00008B"><b><a href="/wiki/Hedvig_Sophia_of_Sweden" title="Hedvig Sophia of Sweden">Hedvig Sophia of Sweden</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">hieress of Sweden</a></b><br /><b>eldest sister of <a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII of Sweden</a></b><br />1681–1708</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#2E8B57"><b><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Frederick IV</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Duke of Schleswig-<br />Holstein-Gottorp</b><br /><b>r. 1695–1702</b><br />1671–1702</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_August_of_Holstein-Gottorp,_Prince_of_Eutin" title="Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin">Christian August</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1673–1726</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Princess_Albertina_Frederica_of_Baden-Durlach" title="Princess Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach">Albertina</a><br />of Baden-Durach</b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">her <a href="/wiki/Christina_Magdalena_of_the_Palatinate-Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="Christina Magdalena of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken">grandmother</a> was a sister <br />of <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X of Sweden</a></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Romanoff.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/House_of_Romanoff.svg/50px-House_of_Romanoff.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/House_of_Romanoff.svg/75px-House_of_Romanoff.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anna_Petrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia">Anna</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_consorts_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="List of consorts of Holstein-Gottorp">Duchess consort of<br />Holstein-Gottorp</a></b><br /><b>r. 1725–1728</b><br />1708–1728</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#00008B"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Charles Frederick</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Duke of Schleswig-<br />Holstein-Gottorp</a></b><br /><b>r. 1702–1739</b><br />1700–1739</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Elisabeth_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp">Joanna Elisabeth</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1712–1760<br /><b>married <a href="/wiki/Christian_August,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Zerbst" title="Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst">Christian August</a>-<br />Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst</b></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#00008B"><b><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Frederick_of_Sweden" title="Adolf Frederick of Sweden">Adolf Frederick</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">King of Sweden</a></b><br /><b>r. 1751–1771</b><br />1710–1771</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Frederick_August_I,_Duke_of_Oldenburg" title="Frederick August I, Duke of Oldenburg">Frederick August I</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Counts,_dukes_and_grand_dukes_of_Oldenburg" title="Counts, dukes and grand dukes of Oldenburg">Duke of Oldenburg</a></b><br /><b>r. 1774–1785</b><br />1711–1785</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Prince_Georg_Ludwig_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp">George Louis</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1719–1763</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png/50px-Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png/75px-Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png/100px-Arms_of_the_House_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.png 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1829" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/House_of_Romanov#House_of_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov" title="House of Romanov"><b><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#006600">House of Holstein-<br />Gottorp-Romanov</span></span></b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_(branche_su%C3%A8doise).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_%28branche_su%C3%A8doise%29.svg/50px-Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_%28branche_su%C3%A8doise%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_%28branche_su%C3%A8doise%29.svg/75px-Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_%28branche_su%C3%A8doise%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_%28branche_su%C3%A8doise%29.svg/100px-Blason_dynastie_Holstein-Gottorp_%28branche_su%C3%A8doise%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="384" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #00008B"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Holstein-Gottorp_(Swedish_line)" title="House of Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish line)">House of Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish line)</a></span></span></b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#FFD700"><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Russia" title="Peter III of Russia">Peter III</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_all_the_Russias" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of all the Russias">Emperor of Russia</a></b><br /><b>r. 1762-1762</b><br />1728–1762</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#FFD700"><b><a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine II the Great</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_all_the_Russias" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of all the Russias">Emperess of Russia</a></b><br /><b>r. 1762–1796</b><br />1729–1796</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Gustav_III" title="Gustav III">Gustav III</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">King of Sweden</a></b><br /><b>r. 1771–1792</b><br />1746–1792</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#00008B"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIII" title="Charles XIII">Charles XIII</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">King of Sweden</a></b><br /><b>r. 1809–1818</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_monarchs" title="List of Norwegian monarchs">King of Norway</a></b><br /><b>r. 1814–1818</b><br />1748–1818</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm,_Duke_of_Oldenburg" title="Wilhelm, Duke of Oldenburg">William</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Counts,_dukes_and_grand_dukes_of_Oldenburg" title="Counts, dukes and grand dukes of Oldenburg">Duke of Oldenburg</a></b><br /><b>r. 1785–1823</b><br />1754–1823</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#2E8B57"><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Oldenburg" title="Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg">Peter I</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Counts,_dukes_and_grand_dukes_of_Oldenburg" title="Counts, dukes and grand dukes of Oldenburg">Grand Duke of <br />Oldenburg</a></b><br /><b>r. 1823–1829</b><br />1755–1829</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#FFD700"><b><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_all_the_Russias" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of all the Russias">Emperor of Russia</a></b><br /><b>r. 1796–1801</b><br />1754–1801</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#00008B"><b><a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf" title="Gustav IV Adolf">Gustav IV Adolf</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">King of Sweden</a></b><br /><b>r. 1792–1809</b><br />1778–1837</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#00008B"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Charles XIV John</a></b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bernadotte" title="House of Bernadotte">Bernadotte</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">King of Sweden</a></b><br /><b>r. 1818–1844</b><br />1763–1844</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:#2E8B57"><b><a href="/wiki/Augustus,_Grand_Duke_of_Oldenburg" title="Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg">Augustus</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Counts,_dukes_and_grand_dukes_of_Oldenburg" title="Counts, dukes and grand dukes of Oldenburg">Grand Duke of <br />Oldenburg</a></b><br /><b>r. 1829–1853</b><br />1783–1853</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="612" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/House_of_Romanov#House_of_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov" title="House of Romanov"><b><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#006600">House of Holstein-<br />Gottorp-Romanov</span></span></b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_XIV_John_CoA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Charles_XIV_John_CoA.png/50px-Charles_XIV_John_CoA.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Charles_XIV_John_CoA.png/75px-Charles_XIV_John_CoA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Charles_XIV_John_CoA.png/100px-Charles_XIV_John_CoA.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="689" /></a></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #00008B"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bernadotte" title="House of Bernadotte">House Sweden-Bernadotte</a></span></b></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Charles XII's sister, <a href="/wiki/Ulrika_Eleonora,_Queen_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden">Ulrika Eleonora</a>, now claimed the throne over her nephew and son of her elder sister, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a> (see genealogy chart above). Charles Frederick had the claim of seniority within the family, but Ulrica Eleonora claimed that her elder sister had not "acquired the consent of the Parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm#In_Sweden_and_Finland" title="Estates of the realm">Estates</a>" for her marriage to his father, according to laws of succession laid down in <i>Norrköpings arvförening</i>. The duke's party asserted that the <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a> in Sweden, which his grandfather King Charles XI had created, made that marriage clause irrelevant. When Charles Frederick was confronted with Ulrika Eleonora, he was forced by <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Horn" title="Arvid Horn">Arvid Horn</a> to greet her as queen.<sup id="cite_ref-Lundh-Eriksson_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lundh-Eriksson-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He asked to be granted the title Royal Highness and to be recognised as her heir, but when her husband, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Sweden" title="Frederick I of Sweden">Frederick of Hesse</a>, instead was given the title, he left Sweden in 1719. In 1723, he was granted the title Royal Highness in his absence, but his pro-Russian policy at that time made him impossible as heir to the Swedish throne. His marriage in 1725 to <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anna_Petrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia">Anna</a>, the daughter of Peter of Great, did not help his case.<sup id="cite_ref-Lundh-Eriksson_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lundh-Eriksson-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother, and later Hedwig Eleonora, both supported and worked for his right to be considered heir of Sweden after his childless uncle.<sup id="cite_ref-Lundh-Eriksson_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lundh-Eriksson-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ulrika_Eleonora,_Queen_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden">Ulrika Eleonora</a> was forced by the Estates to sign the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government_(1719)" title="Instrument of Government (1719)">1719 Instrument of Government</a>, which ended the absolute monarchy and made the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag_of_the_Estates" title="Riksdag of the Estates">Riksdag of the Estates</a> the highest organ of the state and reduced the role of monarch to a <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">figurehead</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Liberty" title="Age of Liberty">Age of Liberty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">frihetstiden</i>) with its parliamentary rule, dominated by two parties – the <a href="/wiki/Caps_(party)" title="Caps (party)">Caps</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hats_(party)" title="Hats (party)">Hats</a> – had begun. Ulrika Eleonora had had enough after a year on the throne and abdicated in favor of her husband, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Sweden" title="Frederick I of Sweden">Frederick</a>, who had little interest in the affairs of state and was elected King by the Estates as King Frederick I, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government_(1720)" title="Instrument of Government (1720)">1720 Instrument of Government</a>: content-wise almost identical to the one from 1719. Despite having many extra-marital affairs, Frederick I never sired a legitimate heir to the throne. </p><p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">After the death/impending death of King Frederick without heirs, Charles Frederick's heir, Charles Peter Ulrich, had become untenable in Sweden, as he had been taken to Russia by his aunt <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of Russia">Elizabeth I of Russia</a>, nominated as heir/Grand Duke, and became Emperor <a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Russia" title="Peter III of Russia">Peter III of Russia</a>. In 1743, Adolf Frederick, a cousin of Charles Frederick, of the same house of Holstein-Gottrop, and a descendant of a sister of <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav of Sweden</a> was elected heir to the throne of Sweden by the <a href="/wiki/Hats_(party)" title="Hats (party)">Hat faction</a> (Swedish: <i>Hattarna</i>). The Hat faction wanted to obtain better conditions at the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_%C3%85bo" title="Treaty of Åbo">Treaty of Åbo</a> from Empress <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Russia" title="Elizabeth of Russia">Elizabeth of Russia</a>,</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> who had adopted his nephew as her <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heir</a>. <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">His mother, <a href="/wiki/Albertina_Frederica_of_Baden-Durlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach">Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach</a> (1682–1755), was a descendant of earlier royal dynasties of Sweden, great-granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Sweden,_Countess_Palatine_of_Kleeburg" title="Catherine of Sweden, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg">Princess Catherine of Sweden</a>, mother of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X of Sweden">Charles X of Sweden</a>.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On his mother's side, Adolf Frederick was descended from King <a href="/wiki/Gustav_I_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav I of Sweden">Gustav Vasa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christina_Magdalena_of_Pfalz-Zweibr%C3%BCcken" class="mw-redirect" title="Christina Magdalena of Pfalz-Zweibrücken">Christina Magdalena</a>, a sister of <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X of Sweden">Charles X of Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He succeeded as King Adolf Frederick 8 years later on 25 March 1751.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his 20-year reign, Adolf Frederick was little more than a <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">figurehead</a>, the real power being with the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag_of_the_Estates" title="Riksdag of the Estates">Riksdag of the Estates</a>, often distracted by party strife. Twice he endeavored to free himself from the tutelage of the estates. The first occasion was in 1756. Stimulated by his consort <a href="/wiki/Louisa_Ulrika_of_Prussia" title="Louisa Ulrika of Prussia">Louisa Ulrika of Prussia</a> (sister of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a>), he tried to regain a portion of the attenuated prerogative through the <a href="/wiki/Coup_of_1756" title="Coup of 1756">Coup of 1756</a> to abolish the rule of the Riksdag of the Estates and reinstate absolute monarchy in Sweden. He nearly lost his throne in consequence. On the second occasion during the <a href="/wiki/December_Crisis_(1768)" title="December Crisis (1768)">December Crisis of 1768</a>, under the guidance of his eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_III" title="Gustav III">Gustav</a>, he succeeded in overthrowing the "Cap" (Swedish: <i>Mössorna</i>) senate, but was unable to make any use of his victory.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adolf Frederick's son, King <a href="/wiki/Gustav_III" title="Gustav III">Gustav III</a>, was more successful in restoring royal authority. In 1772, the 1720 Instrument in Government was later replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government_(1772)" title="Instrument of Government (1772)">1772 Instrument of Government</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Self-coup" title="Self-coup">self-coup</a> orchestrated by the King. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_XIV_Johan,_king_of_Sweden_and_Norway,_painted_by_Fredric_Westin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Karl_XIV_Johan%2C_king_of_Sweden_and_Norway%2C_painted_by_Fredric_Westin.jpg/170px-Karl_XIV_Johan%2C_king_of_Sweden_and_Norway%2C_painted_by_Fredric_Westin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Karl_XIV_Johan%2C_king_of_Sweden_and_Norway%2C_painted_by_Fredric_Westin.jpg/255px-Karl_XIV_Johan%2C_king_of_Sweden_and_Norway%2C_painted_by_Fredric_Westin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Karl_XIV_Johan%2C_king_of_Sweden_and_Norway%2C_painted_by_Fredric_Westin.jpg/340px-Karl_XIV_Johan%2C_king_of_Sweden_and_Norway%2C_painted_by_Fredric_Westin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="4485" /></a><figcaption>Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIV John of Sweden">Charles John</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig" title="Battle of Leipzig">Battle of Leipzig</a> (1813). Painting by <a href="/wiki/Fredric_Westin" title="Fredric Westin">Fredric Westin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 17 September 1809 in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fredrikshamn" title="Treaty of Fredrikshamn">Treaty of Fredrikshamn</a>, as a result of the poorly managed <a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a>, Sweden had to surrender <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> to Russia. King <a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf" title="Gustav IV Adolf">Gustav IV Adolf</a> and his descendants were deposed in a coup d'état led by dissatisfied <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Army" title="Swedish Army">army</a> officers. The childless uncle of the former king was almost immediately elected as King <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIII_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIII of Sweden">Charles XIII</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government_(1809)" title="Instrument of Government (1809)">Instrument of Government of 1809</a> put an end to royal <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolutism</a> by dividing the legislative power between the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag_of_the_Estates" title="Riksdag of the Estates">Riksdag</a> (primary) and the king (secondary), and vested executive power in the king when acting through the <a href="/wiki/King_in_Council_(Sweden)" title="King in Council (Sweden)">Council of State</a>. </p><p>The present <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bernadotte" title="House of Bernadotte">Bernadotte dynasty</a> was established in September 1810 when the Riksdag, convened in <a href="/wiki/%C3%96rebro" title="Örebro">Örebro</a>, elected <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_France" title="Marshal of France">French Marshal</a> and Prince of Pontecorvo <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIV John of Sweden">Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte</a> as crown prince. This took place because Charles XIII had no legitimate heir, and a crown prince previously elected in January 1810, <a href="/wiki/Charles_August,_Crown_Prince_of_Sweden" title="Charles August, Crown Prince of Sweden">Charles August</a>, suddenly had died of a stroke during a military exercise. </p><p>Although the 19th century Bernadotte monarchs that would follow <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Charles XIV John</a>'s reign tried to defend the power and privileges they still had, the tide incrementally turned against "personal regal rule" (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">personlig kungamakt</i>) with the growth of the liberals, social democrats, and the expansion of the franchise.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:66-67_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:66-67-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The daughter of <a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolph" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav IV Adolph">Gustav IV Adolph</a>, Princess <a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_Sweden" title="Princess Sophie of Sweden">Sofia Wilhelmina</a> (21 May 1801 – 1865) married Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden" title="Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden">Leopold of Baden</a>, and their granddaughter <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_Baden" title="Victoria of Baden">Victoria of Baden</a> married the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bernadotte" title="House of Bernadotte">Bernadotte</a> king <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_V_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustaf V of Sweden">Gustaf V of Sweden</a>. The present King <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a> of Sweden is thus Gustav IV's heir through his grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_VI_Adolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav VI Adolf">Gustav VI Adolf</a>. </p> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:60em; width:auto; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:auto">House of Bernadotte and Link to Earlier Swedish Dynasties </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIV John of Sweden">Charles XIV John</a></b><br />(1763–1844)<br /><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Act_of_Succession" title="Swedish Act of Succession">Elected Crown Prince by the Riksdag 1810</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1818–1844</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Beauharnais" title="Eugène de Beauharnais">Eugène de Beauharnais</a><br />(1781–1824)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Augusta_of_Bavaria" title="Princess Augusta of Bavaria">Princess Augusta of Bavaria</a><br />(1788–1851)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden">Gustav IV Adolf</a></b><br />(1778–1837)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1792 – <a href="/wiki/Coup_of_1809" title="Coup of 1809">1809</a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Oscar_I_of_Sweden" title="Oscar I of Sweden">Oscar I</a></b><br />(1799–1859)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1844–1859</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Josephine_of_Leuchtenberg" title="Josephine of Leuchtenberg">Josephine of Leuchtenberg</a><br />(1807–1876)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden" title="Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden">Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden</a><br />(1790–1852)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_Sweden" title="Princess Sophie of Sweden">Princess Sophie</a><br />(1801–1865)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Gustavus,_Crown_Prince_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus, Crown Prince of Sweden">Crown Prince Gustav</a><br />(1799–1877)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_XV_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XV of Sweden">Charles XV</a></b><br />(1826–1872)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1859–1872</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gustaf,_Duke_of_Uppland" title="Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland">Prince Gustaf</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gustaf,_Duke_of_Uppland" title="Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland">Duke of Uppland</a><br />(1827–1852)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Oscar_II_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar II of Sweden">Oscar II</a></b><br />(1829–1907)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1872–1907</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden" title="Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden">Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden</a><br />(186–1907)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VIII of Denmark">Frederick VIII of Denmark</a><br />(1843–1912)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Sweden" title="Louise of Sweden">Princess Louise</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Danish consorts">Queen consort of Denmark</a><br />(1851–1926)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Carl_Oscar,_Duke_of_S%C3%B6dermanland" title="Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland">Prince Carl Oscar</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Carl_Oscar,_Duke_of_S%C3%B6dermanland" title="Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland">Duke of Södermanland</a><br />(1852–1854)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_V_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustaf V of Sweden">Gustaf V</a></b><br />(1858–1950)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1907–1950</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_Baden" title="Victoria of Baden">Victoria of Baden</a><br />(1862–1930)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_VI_Adolf_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden">Gustaf VI Adolf</a></b><br />(1882–1973)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1950–1973</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gustaf_Adolf,_Duke_of_V%C3%A4sterbotten" title="Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten">Prince Gustaf Adolf</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gustaf_Adolf,_Duke_of_V%C3%A4sterbotten" title="Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten">Duke of Västerbotten</a><br />(1906–1947)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#C00; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a></b><br />(b. 1946)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1973–present</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden" title="Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden">Crown Princess Victoria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden" title="Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden">Duchess of Västergötland</a><br />1977–<br />(Crown Princess from 1980)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Carl_Philip,_Duke_of_V%C3%A4rmland" title="Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland">Prince Carl Philip</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Carl_Philip,_Duke_of_V%C3%A4rmland" title="Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland">Duke of Värmland</a><br />(b. 1979)<br />(Crown Prince 1979–1980)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Estelle,_Duchess_of_%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Princess Estelle, Duchess of Östergötland">Princess Estelle</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Estelle,_Duchess_of_%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Princess Estelle, Duchess of Östergötland">Duchess of Östergötland</a><br />(b. 2012)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When King <a href="/wiki/Gustav_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav V">Gustav V</a> publicly objected to the defence budget cuts made by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Karl_Staaff" title="Karl Staaff">Karl Staaff</a> and the cabinet just before the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> in event known as the <a href="/wiki/Courtyard_Crisis" title="Courtyard Crisis">Courtyard Crisis</a> accompanied by the <a href="/wiki/Peasant_armament_support_march" title="Peasant armament support march">Peasant armament support march</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">bondetåget</i>), it was seen as a deliberate provocation by conservatives and reactionaries against the uncodified norm of a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> supported by the liberals and the social democrats, leading to Staaff's resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:67-68_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:67-68-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gustaf V then appointed a caretaker government, supported by the conservatives, led by legal scholar <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Hjalmar Hammarskjöld">Hjalmar Hammarskjöld</a>, which remained in power longer than expected due to the outbreak of World War I (in which Sweden remained <a href="/wiki/Swedish_neutrality" title="Swedish neutrality">neutral</a>) and increased defence spending was no longer a controversial issue.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:68-69_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:68-69-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, in the year of the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a>, social tensions continued to rise; the general election in 1917 gave the liberals and social democrats greatly strengthened representation in both Riksdag chambers and a conservative government was no longer a defensible option.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:68-69_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:68-69-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the definite breakthrough of <a href="/wiki/Parliamentarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentarism">parliamentarism</a> in 1917, with the appointment of the coalition government of liberals and social democrats led by professor <a href="/wiki/Nils_Ed%C3%A9n" title="Nils Edén">Nils Edén</a>, the political influence of the King was considerably reduced and an unwritten constitutional precedent was set that would remain in effect until 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:66-69_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:66-69-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lewin:112-115_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewin:112-115-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, in the so-called <a href="/wiki/Midsummer_crisis" title="Midsummer crisis">Midsummer crisis</a> (regarding the issue whether neutral Sweden should permit <a href="/wiki/Transit_of_German_troops_through_Finland_and_Sweden" title="Transit of German troops through Finland and Sweden">rail transport of German troops from Norway passing through to Finland</a>), did Gustaf V allegedly try to intervene in the political process by threatening to <a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">abdicate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:72_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:72-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_VI_Adolf" title="Gustaf VI Adolf">Gustaf VI Adolf</a> succeeded his elderly father who died in 1950, and he is generally regarded as a constitutional monarch who stayed out of politics and controversy. In 1954, a royal commission began work on whether Sweden should undergo constitutional reform to adapt the <a href="/wiki/1809_Instrument_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="1809 Instrument of Government">1809 Instrument of Government</a> to current political realities, or whether a new one should be written; ultimately the latter idea was chosen.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergman1999_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergman1999-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The future role of the monarchy was settled in a manner well known within Swedish political discourse: a political compromise reached at the summer resort of <a href="/wiki/Torekov" title="Torekov">Torekov</a> in 1971 (hence known as the <i>Torekov compromise</i>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Torekovskompromissen</i>) by representatives of four of the parties in the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Social_Democratic_Party" title="Swedish Social Democratic Party">Social Democrats</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Sweden)" title="Centre Party (Sweden)">Centre Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_People%27s_Party_(Sweden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal People's Party (Sweden)">Liberal People's Party</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Moderate_Party" title="Moderate Party">Moderate Party</a>, that is all the parties except the <a href="/wiki/Left_Party_(Sweden)" title="Left Party (Sweden)">Communists</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-n6_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n6-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bergman1999_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergman1999-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It mandated that the monarchy would remain largely as it was but would become entirely ceremonial, without any residual political powers left.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergman1999_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergman1999-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the required double <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a> votes that took place in 1973 and 1974, a new <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Sweden">Instrument of Government</a> was brought into effect. The monarch's functions and duties, as defined in the 1974 Constitution Act, include heading the special cabinet council held when there is a change of government, but no executive powers with respect to the governance of the realm are vested in him.<sup id="cite_ref-Duties_of_the_Monarch_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duties_of_the_Monarch-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Head_of_State_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Head_of_State-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a> became king on 15 September 1973 on the death of his grandfather <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_VI_Adolf" title="Gustaf VI Adolf">Gustaf VI Adolf</a> and because of his father's early death has become the longest reigning monarch in Swedish history.<sup id="cite_ref-SFS_1973:702_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFS_1973:702-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Golden Jubilee of Carl XVI Gustaf">King's Golden Jubilee</a> was celebrated in 2023. Leading up to that year and including it, beginning already in 2018, some of the most serious criticism ever published took place about Carl Gustaf and the way the monarchy has developed during his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_and_official_role">Constitutional and official role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Constitutional and official role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sweden" title="Politics of Sweden">Politics of Sweden</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden_(without_mantle).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden_%28without_mantle%29.svg/180px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden_%28without_mantle%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden_%28without_mantle%29.svg/270px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden_%28without_mantle%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden_%28without_mantle%29.svg/360px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden_%28without_mantle%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Sweden" title="Basic Laws of Sweden">Basic Laws</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Sweden#Instrument_of_Government" title="Basic Laws of Sweden">Instrument of Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Act_of_Succession" title="Swedish Act of Succession">Act of Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Freedom_of_the_Press_Act" title="Swedish Freedom of the Press Act">Freedom of the Press Act</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression</div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Monarchy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">list</a>): <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heirs_to_the_Swedish_throne" title="List of heirs to the Swedish throne">Crown Princess</a>: <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden" title="Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_royal_family" title="Swedish royal family">Royal family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Realm_(Sweden)" title="Marshal of the Realm (Sweden)">Marshal of the Realm</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Wers%C3%A4ll" title="Fredrik Wersäll">Fredrik Wersäll</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sweden#Executive_branch" title="Politics of Sweden">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sweden" title="Government of Sweden">Government</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kristersson_cabinet" title="Kristersson cabinet">Kristersson cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Sweden">list</a>): <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Ulf Kristersson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden">Deputy Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ebba_Busch" title="Ebba Busch">Ebba Busch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenbad" title="Rosenbad">Government offices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_ministries" title="List of Swedish ministries">Ministries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_agencies_in_Sweden" title="Government agencies in Sweden">Government agencies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sweden#Legislative_branch" title="Politics of Sweden">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Riksdag" title="Speaker of the Riksdag">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Norl%C3%A9n" title="Andreas Norlén">Andreas Norlén</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Deputy_Speakers_of_the_Riksdag" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Deputy Speakers of the Riksdag">Deputy Speakers</a> <dl><dd>1st — <a href="/wiki/%C3%85sa_Lindestam" title="Åsa Lindestam">Åsa Lindestam</a></dd> <dd>2nd — <a href="/wiki/Lotta_Johnsson_Fornarve" title="Lotta Johnsson Fornarve">Lotta Johnsson Fornarve</a></dd> <dd>3rd — <a href="/wiki/Kerstin_Lundgren" title="Kerstin Lundgren">Kerstin Lundgren</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Sweden)" title="Member of Parliament (Sweden)">Membership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Riksdag,_2018%E2%80%932022" title="List of members of the Riksdag, 2018–2022">Current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_apportionment_of_MP_seats_in_the_Riksdag" title="National apportionment of MP seats in the Riksdag">National apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_committees_in_the_Riksdag" title="Parliamentary committees in the Riksdag">Committees</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/War_Delegation" title="War Delegation">War Delegation</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Sweden" title="Judiciary of Sweden">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Sweden" title="Supreme Court of Sweden">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_appeal_in_Sweden" title="Courts of appeal in Sweden">Courts of appeal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_courts_of_Sweden" title="District courts of Sweden">District courts</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Administrative_Court_of_Sweden" title="Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden">Supreme Administrative Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_courts_of_appeal_in_Sweden" title="Administrative courts of appeal in Sweden">Administrative courts of appeal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_courts_in_Sweden" title="Administrative courts in Sweden">Administrative courts</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Legislation_(Sweden)" title="Council on Legislation (Sweden)">Council on Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_Sweden" title="Judicial review in Sweden">Judicial review</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sweden" title="Elections in Sweden">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sweden" title="List of political parties in Sweden">Political parties</a></li> <li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2006_Swedish_general_election" title="2006 Swedish general election">2006</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Swedish_general_election" title="2010 Swedish general election">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Swedish_general_election" title="2014 Swedish general election">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Swedish_general_election" title="2018 Swedish general election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Swedish_general_election" title="2022 Swedish general election">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>European: <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2009 European Parliament election in Sweden">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2014 European Parliament election in Sweden">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2019 European Parliament election in Sweden">2019</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2024 European Parliament election in Sweden">2024</a></i></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Local: <a href="/wiki/2014_Swedish_local_elections" title="2014 Swedish local elections">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Swedish_local_elections" title="2018 Swedish local elections">2018</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Sweden" title="Referendums in Sweden">Referendums</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Sweden" title="Administrative divisions of Sweden">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Sweden" title="Counties of Sweden">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_administrative_boards_of_Sweden" title="County administrative boards of Sweden">County administrative boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_councils_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional councils of Sweden">Regional councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Sweden" title="Municipalities of Sweden">Municipalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sweden" title="Foreign relations of Sweden">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Sweden)" title="Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Billstr%C3%B6m" title="Tobias Billström">Tobias Billström</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Sweden" title="List of diplomatic missions of Sweden">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Sweden" title="List of diplomatic missions in Sweden">in Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_nationality_law" title="Swedish nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_passport" title="Swedish passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Swedish_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Swedish citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa policy of Sweden">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Sweden–NATO relations">Sweden–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="China–Sweden relations">China–Sweden relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Denmark–Sweden relations">Denmark–Sweden relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Finland–Sweden relations">Finland–Sweden relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="France–Sweden relations">France–Sweden relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Germany–Sweden relations">Germany–Sweden relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Italy–Sweden relations">Italy–Sweden relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Norway–Sweden relations">Norway–Sweden relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Russia–Sweden relations">Russia–Sweden relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Sweden–Turkey relations">Sweden–Turkey relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Sweden–United Kingdom relations">Sweden–United Kingdom relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Sweden–United States relations">Sweden–United States relations</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;;text-align:center;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_Parliament_of_Sweden" title="Sámi Parliament of Sweden">Sámi Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Armed_Forces" title="Swedish Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Police_Authority" title="Swedish Police Authority">Police Authority</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sweden" title="Portal:Sweden">Sweden portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Sweden" title="Template:Politics of Sweden"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Sweden" title="Template talk:Politics of Sweden"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Sweden" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Sweden"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When, on 1 January 1975, it replaced the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government_of_1809" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrument of Government of 1809">Instrument of Government of 1809</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Sweden" title="Basic Laws of Sweden">Constitution of Sweden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government_(1974)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrument of Government (1974)">Instrument of Government of 1974</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">1974 års regeringsform</i>) transformed the advisory <a href="/wiki/King_in_Council_(Sweden)" title="King in Council (Sweden)">Council of State</a> (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Statsrådet</i></span>) into the collegial <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sweden" title="Government of Sweden">Government</a> (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Regeringen</i></span>), to which all executive power was transferred.<sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:15-16_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:15-16-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:33-34_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:33-34-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Responsibility for nominating and dismissing the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">prime minister</a> (who, since 1975, is elected by the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a>) was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Riksdag" title="Speaker of the Riksdag">Speaker of the Riksdag</a>; the prime minister appoints and dismisses the other <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">ministers</a> at his or her discretion.<sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:33-34_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:33-34-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forming_a_government_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forming_a_government-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:166-170_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:166-170-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-n12_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n12-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, bills passed by the Riksdag become law without <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a>: the prime minister or any other cabinet minister signs them "On Behalf of the Government" (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">På regeringens vägnar</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Prop._1973:90_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prop._1973:90-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the unwritten precedent was set in 1917, when <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_V" title="Gustaf V">Gustaf V</a> had little choice but to support the idea of a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> and promised Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nils_Ed%C3%A9n" title="Nils Edén">Nils Edén</a> to stop seeking advice from secret advisors other than the duly appointed cabinet ministers and not to interfere in politics again;<sup id="cite_ref-Lewin:112-115_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewin:112-115-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:65-69_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:65-69-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Torekov compromise, struck in 1971 by the four major parties at the time, provided, and continues to provide, a majority consensus in Swedish political discourse on the role of the monarchy within the constitutional framework.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergman1999_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergman1999-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Head_of_State_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Head_of_State-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:41_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:41-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official motive for the radical changes which came to pass in 1975 was for it to be as descriptive as possible of the workings of the state and clear on how decisions actually are made.<sup id="cite_ref-Prop._1973:90_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prop._1973:90-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minister of Justice <a href="/wiki/Lennart_Geijer" title="Lennart Geijer">Lennart Geijer</a> further remarked on the 1973 government bill that any continued pretensions of royal involvement in government decision making would be of a "fictitious nature" and therefore "highly unsatisfactory".<sup id="cite_ref-Prop._1973:90_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prop._1973:90-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus, the monarch lost all formal executive powers, becoming a ceremonial and representative <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">figurehead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prop._1973:90_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prop._1973:90-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:41_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:41-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:166_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:166-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monarch, while explicitly referred to as the "Head of State" (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Statschefen</i></span>) in the 1974 Instrument of Government,<sup id="cite_ref-n26_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n26-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is not even the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nominal" class="extiw" title="wikt:nominal">nominal</a> chief executive.<sup id="cite_ref-n24_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n24-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Head_of_State_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Head_of_State-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:15-16_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:15-16-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Petersson:44_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petersson:44-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Instrument of Government of 1974 does grant the person serving as king or queen regnant <a href="/wiki/Absolute_immunity" title="Absolute immunity">absolute immunity</a> from criminal (but not civil) charges for as long as he or she remains in office.<sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:42_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:42-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-n14_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n14-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monarch therefore cannot be prosecuted or otherwise held to account for his or her actions, both official and private, in judicial proceedings.<sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:42_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:42-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of the other members of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Royal Family">royal family</a> or the employees the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court</a> enjoy similar immunity.<sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:42_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:42-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the request of the Speaker of the Riksdag, the monarch <a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_Riksdag" title="Opening of the Riksdag">opens the annual session of the Riksdag</a> (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Riksmötets öppnande</i></span>) in the chamber of the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Riksdag building">Riksdag building</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-n25_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n25-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-A_year_in_the_Riksdag_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_year_in_the_Riksdag-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king or <a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">queen regnant</a> also receives <a href="/wiki/Letters_of_Credence" class="mw-redirect" title="Letters of Credence">Letters of Credence</a> of foreign ambassadors sent to Sweden and signs those of Swedish ambassadors sent abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-Duties_of_the_Monarch_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duties_of_the_Monarch-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monarch also chairs the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Sweden)" title="Council of State (Sweden)">Cabinet Council</a> (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">skifteskonselj</i></span>) in a session that establishes the new government following a <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sweden" title="Elections in Sweden">general election</a> or major cabinet reshuffle and also chairs information councils (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">informationskonselj</i></span>) approximately four times a year to get information from the assembled Government, apart from that given by ministers in individual audiences or through other means.<sup id="cite_ref-Duties_of_the_Monarch_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duties_of_the_Monarch-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:41-42_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:41-42-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formally, it is the explicit responsibility of the prime minister to keep the monarch informed on the affairs of the realm; the failure to do so following the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">2004 tsunami disaster in the Indian Ocean</a> (in which many Swedes perished) gave rise to wide criticism of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ran_Persson" title="Göran Persson">Göran Persson</a> for his handling of the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:42_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:42-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monarch also chairs the Advisory Council on Foreign Affairs (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Utrikesnämnden</i></span>), a body that enables the government of the day to inform not only the head of state, but also the speaker and representatives of the opposition parties in the Riksdag, on foreign affairs issues in a confidential manner.<sup id="cite_ref-Duties_of_the_Monarch_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duties_of_the_Monarch-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:41-42_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:41-42-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Advisory_Council_on_Foreign_Affairs_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Advisory_Council_on_Foreign_Affairs-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the monarch is no longer the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief#Sweden" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">högste befälhavare</i></span>) of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Armed_Forces" title="Swedish Armed Forces">Swedish Armed Forces</a>, as he once was under the 1809 Instrument of Government,<sup id="cite_ref-Bergman1999_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergman1999-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he is the foremost representative of the Swedish defence establishment and holds supreme rank in each of the service arms. He ranks as a four star <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">admiral</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Navy" title="Swedish Navy">Swedish Navy</a> and general in the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Army" title="Swedish Army">Swedish Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Air_Force" title="Swedish Air Force">Air Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Duties_of_the_Monarch_42-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duties_of_the_Monarch-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of his court, the monarch has a <a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">military staff</a>, which is headed by a senior officer (usually a general or admiral, retired from active service) and includes active duty military officers serving as <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">aides-de-camp</a> to the monarch and his or her family.<sup id="cite_ref-Övriga_funktioner_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Övriga_funktioner-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_role">Cultural role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultural role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The monarch and members of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Royal Family">Royal Family</a> undertake a variety of official, unofficial and other representative duties within Sweden and abroad. The monarch and his or her family play a central role in <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">state visits</a> to Sweden and conduct state visits to other nations on behalf of Sweden. Other members of the Royal Family may also represent the country abroad at lesser functions. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_standard_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Royal_standard_of_Sweden.svg/220px-Royal_standard_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Royal_standard_of_Sweden.svg/330px-Royal_standard_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Royal_standard_of_Sweden.svg/440px-Royal_standard_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>The royal standard used by the monarch</figcaption></figure> <p>Many of the Swedish <a href="/wiki/Flag_flying_days_in_Sweden" title="Flag flying days in Sweden">general flag flying days</a> have direct royal connections; among them are the <a href="/wiki/Name_days_in_Sweden" title="Name days in Sweden">name days</a> of the King (28 January), the Queen (8 August), and the Crown Princess (12 March); the birthdays of the King (30 April), the Queen (23 December), and the Crown Princess (14 July); and <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_Day" title="Gustavus Adolphus Day">Gustavus Adolphus Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Gustav Adolfsdagen</i>), on 6 November, in memory of King <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus</a>, who was killed on that date (<a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar#Sweden" title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar">old style</a>) in 1632 in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%BCtzen_(1632)" title="Battle of Lützen (1632)">Battle of Lützen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-n4_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n4-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of these flag days are <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Sweden" title="Public holidays in Sweden">public holidays</a>, however.<sup id="cite_ref-n21_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n21-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perhaps the most globally known ceremony in which the Royal Family annually participate is the Nobel Prize award ceremony held at the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Concert_Hall" title="Stockholm Concert Hall">Stockholm Concert Hall</a> (and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Banquet" title="Nobel Banquet">banquet</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_City_Hall" title="Stockholm City Hall">Stockholm City Hall</a>), where the monarch hands out the Nobel Prizes on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Foundation" title="Nobel Foundation">Nobel Foundation</a> for outstanding contributions to mankind in <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">physiology or medicine</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">economic sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Levinovitz21-23_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levinovitz21-23-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Eriksgata" title="Eriksgata">Eriksgata</a></i> was the name of the traditional journey of newly elected medieval <a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">Swedish kings</a> through important <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Sweden" title="Provinces of Sweden">provinces</a> to have their election confirmed by local <i><a href="/wiki/Thing_(assembly)" title="Thing (assembly)">Things</a></i>. The actual election took place at the <a href="/wiki/Stone_of_Mora" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone of Mora">Stone of Mora</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uppland" title="Uppland">Uppland</a> and participation was originally restricted to the people of that area; hence, the need of having the election confirmed by the other parts of the realm. The Eriksgata gradually lost its importance when, as of the 14th century, representatives of other parts of Sweden began to participate in the election. After 1544, when <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">hereditary monarchy</a> was instituted, that meant that the Eriksgata had little practical importance. The last king to travel the Eriksgata according to the old tradition was <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Charles IX</a>, whose reign began in 1604. Later, kings, up until present times, have made visits to all the Swedish provinces and called them an <i>Eriksgata</i>, while those visits bear little resemblance to the medieval tradition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles">Titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Throne_of_Sweden_1982.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Throne_of_Sweden_1982.jpg/170px-Throne_of_Sweden_1982.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Throne_of_Sweden_1982.jpg/255px-Throne_of_Sweden_1982.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Throne_of_Sweden_1982.jpg/340px-Throne_of_Sweden_1982.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Silver_Throne" title="Silver Throne">Silver Throne</a>, used by all Swedish monarchs from <a href="/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Christina, Queen of Sweden">Queen Christina</a> in 1650 onward</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monarch">Monarch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Monarch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The full title of the Swedish monarch from 1523<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 1973 was: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <dl><dd>In <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Med Guds Nåde Sveriges, Götes och Vendes Konung</i></dd> <dd>In <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Dei Gratia Suecorum, Gothorum et Vandalorum Rex</i></dd></dl><p> Translated as "<a href="/wiki/By_the_Grace_of_God" title="By the Grace of God">By the Grace of God</a>, King of the Swedes, <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Goths" title="King of the Goths">the Goths</a>, and <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Wends" title="King of the Wends">the Wends</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "By the Grace of God, King of Sweden, of the Goths and <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>During the reign of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Holstein-Gottorp_(Swedish_line)" title="House of Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish line)">House of Holstein-Gottorp</a> from 1751 to 1818, the title <i>Heir to Norway</i> (<span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Arvinge till Norge</i></span>) was also used,<sup id="cite_ref-AOS:P_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AOS:P-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as other titles connected to the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp</a>. When, after the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, Norway was in <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> with Sweden, the title included <i>King of Norway</i>, in older Swedish spellings: <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Sweriges, Norriges, Göthes och Wendes Konung</i></span>. </p><p>Upon his accession, <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a> chose for his title simply <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Sveriges Konung</i></span> (King of Sweden).<sup id="cite_ref-SFS_1973:702_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFS_1973:702-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dynasts">Dynasts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dynasts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The customary title of the <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> is <a href="/wiki/Crown_prince" title="Crown prince">crown prince</a> (<i>kronprins</i>) or crown princess (<i>kronprinsessa</i>). The wife of a crown prince would also receive a corresponding title, but not the husband of a crown princess. The traditional official title used until 1980 for other dynastic male heirs was hereditary prince (<i><a href="/wiki/Arvfurste" class="mw-redirect" title="Arvfurste">arvfurste</a></i>), although the word prince (<i>prins</i>) was used in constitutional legal texts such as the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Succession_(1810)" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Succession (1810)">Act of Succession</a> and also colloquially and informally. Female dynasts are titled princess (<i>prinsessa</i>). </p><p>The Swedish Succession Act was altered in 1980 to allow for female succession to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ducal_titles">Ducal titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ducal titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Duchies_in_Sweden" title="Duchies in Sweden">Duchies in Sweden</a></div> <p>King <a href="/wiki/Gustav_III" title="Gustav III">Gustav III</a> revived a tradition from the time of <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Vasa" title="Gustav Vasa">Gustav Vasa</a> and the medieval era by giving male heirs to the throne <a href="/wiki/Duchies_in_Sweden" title="Duchies in Sweden">ducal titles</a> of <a href="/wiki/Swedish_provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish provinces">Swedish provinces</a>. The difference between the ducal titles from the Vasa era and those granted by Gustav III is they now are non-hereditary courtesy titles given at birth. Since 1980, they have been conferred to all royal heirs, male and female. The wives of royal dukes have always shared their husbands' titles; the husbands of royal duchesses have done so as of 2010. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols_of_the_monarchy">Symbols of the monarchy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Symbols of the monarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regalia">Regalia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Regalia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_crown_of_Sweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Royal_crown_of_Sweden.jpg/170px-Royal_crown_of_Sweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Royal_crown_of_Sweden.jpg/255px-Royal_crown_of_Sweden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Royal_crown_of_Sweden.jpg/340px-Royal_crown_of_Sweden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1617" data-file-height="1714" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Eric_XIV" title="Crown of Eric XIV">Crown of Eric XIV</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Sweden" title="Regalia of Sweden">regalia of Sweden</a> are kept deep in the vaults of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treasury_of_Sweden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treasury of Sweden (page does not exist)">Treasury chamber</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skattkammaren" class="extiw" title="sv:Skattkammaren">sv</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Skattkammaren</i>), located underneath the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_in_Stockholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Palace in Stockholm">Royal Palace in Stockholm</a>, in a museum which has been open to the public since 1970. Among the oldest objects in the collection are the sword of <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Vasa" title="Gustav Vasa">Gustav Vasa</a> and the crown, orb, sceptre and key of <a href="/wiki/King_Erik_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="King Erik XIV">King Erik XIV</a>. The Regalia is state property and the government authority which holds it in trust is the <a href="/wiki/Legal,_Financial_and_Administrative_Services_Agency" title="Legal, Financial and Administrative Services Agency">Legal, Financial and Administrative Services Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-History,_The_Treasury_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History,_The_Treasury-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Regal_symbols_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regal_symbols-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last king to have been crowned was <a href="/wiki/Oscar_II" title="Oscar II">Oscar II</a>. His son and successor, <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_V" title="Gustaf V">Gustaf V</a>, abstained from having a coronation.<sup id="cite_ref-History,_The_Treasury_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History,_The_Treasury-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the crowns and coronets have not been worn by Swedish royalty since 1907, they are nevertheless still displayed on royal occasions such as at weddings, christenings and funerals. Until 1974, the crown and sceptre were also displayed on cushions beside the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Throne" title="Silver Throne">Silver Throne</a> at the annual solemn opening of the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Riksdagens högtidliga öppnande</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-History,_The_Treasury_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History,_The_Treasury-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Regal_symbols_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regal_symbols-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_orders_of_chivalry">Royal orders of chivalry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Royal orders of chivalry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sv_Ordenstkn_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sv_Ordenstkn_3.jpg/170px-Sv_Ordenstkn_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sv_Ordenstkn_3.jpg/255px-Sv_Ordenstkn_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sv_Ordenstkn_3.jpg/340px-Sv_Ordenstkn_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>The Royal Orders of Sweden constituting the Royal Order of Knights</figcaption></figure> <p>The Royal orders have a historical basis, dating back to the 1606 founding of the now extinct <a href="/wiki/Jehova_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehova Order">Jehova Order</a>. The Royal Orders of Knights of Sweden were only truly codified in the 18th century, with their formal foundation in 1748 by King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Sweden" title="Frederick I of Sweden">Frederick I</a>. In 1974 the Riksdag significantly changed the conditions and criteria under which orders and decorations could be awarded: that no Swedish citizen outside the Royal Family is eligible to receive such decorations. The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Seraphim" title="Order of the Seraphim">Order of the Seraphim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Serafimerorden</i>) is only awarded to foreign <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">heads of state</a> and members of the Swedish and foreign royal families, while the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Polar_Star" title="Order of the Polar Star">Order of the Polar Star</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Nordstjärneorden</i>) was only to be bestowed on any non-Swedish citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the reforms, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sword" title="Order of the Sword">Order of the Sword</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Svärdsorden</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Vasa" title="Order of Vasa">Order of Vasa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Vasaorden</i>) were no longer conferred: officially they were declared as "dormant". In 2022 the government proposed a new reform taking effect in 2023 that once again opened the Royal Orders so that they now may be awarded to Swedish citizens again. The Order of the Seraphim however was not affected by these changes. </p><p>Between 1975 and 2023, <a href="/wiki/H._M._The_King%27s_Medal" title="H. M. The King's Medal">H. M. The King's Medal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">H.M. Konungens medalj</i>) was the highest honour that could be awarded to Swedish citizens other than members of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Royal Family">Royal Family</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_residences">Royal residences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Royal residences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crown_palaces_in_Sweden" title="Crown palaces in Sweden">Crown palaces in Sweden</a></div> <p>The Royal Palaces (including the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_in_Stockholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Palace in Stockholm">Royal Palace in Stockholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drottningholm_Palace" title="Drottningholm Palace">Drottningholm Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haga_Palace" title="Haga Palace">Haga Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosendal_Palace" title="Rosendal Palace">Rosendal Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulriksdal_Palace" title="Ulriksdal Palace">Ulriksdal Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosersberg_Palace" title="Rosersberg Palace">Rosersberg Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tullgarn_Palace" title="Tullgarn Palace">Tullgarn Palace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gripsholm_Castle" title="Gripsholm Castle">Gripsholm Castle</a>) are government property, managed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Property_Board_of_Sweden" title="National Property Board of Sweden">National Property Board</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Statens fastighetsverk</i>) and are at the disposal of the Monarch, an arrangement that has been in place since the beginning of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Svenska_folkets_slott_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Svenska_folkets_slott-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-State_administration_in_Sweden_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_administration_in_Sweden-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also residences which are held privately by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Royal Family">Royal Family</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Solliden_Palace" title="Solliden Palace">Solliden Palace</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/%C3%96land" title="Öland">Öland</a>, a cottage in <a href="/wiki/Storlien" title="Storlien">Storlien</a> in the <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4mtland" title="Jämtland">Jämtland</a> and Villa Mirage in <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Maxime" title="Sainte-Maxime">Sainte-Maxime</a> in southern France (originally acquired by <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bertil,_Duke_of_Halland" title="Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland">Prince Bertil</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Interests_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interests-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Royal_Palace">Royal Palace</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Royal Palace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Palace" title="Stockholm Palace">Stockholm Palace</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kunliga_slottet_2_copy1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Kunliga_slottet_2_copy1.jpg/220px-Kunliga_slottet_2_copy1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Kunliga_slottet_2_copy1.jpg/330px-Kunliga_slottet_2_copy1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Kunliga_slottet_2_copy1.jpg/440px-Kunliga_slottet_2_copy1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Palace" title="Stockholm Palace">Royal Palace</a> in Stockholm, as seen from the tower of the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm Cathedral">Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Royal Palace</b> (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Kungliga slottet</i></span>), also known as <b>Stockholm Palace</b> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Stockholms slott</i>), is the <a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">official residence</a> of the king. The Royal Palace is located on <i><a href="/wiki/Stadsholmen" title="Stadsholmen">Stadsholmen</a></i> ("City Island"), commonly known as <i><a href="/wiki/Gamla_Stan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamla Stan">Gamla Stan</a></i> ("the Old Town") in the national capital city <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>. </p><p>The offices of the king, other members of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Royal Family">Swedish Royal Family</a>, and the offices of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court</a> are located in the palace. The Royal Palace is used for representative purposes and State occasions by the king.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Royal_Palace_of_Stockholm_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Royal_Palace_of_Stockholm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Royal Palace is guarded by <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Guards_(Sweden)" title="Royal Guards (Sweden)">Högvakten</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Royal_guard" title="Royal guard">royal guard</a>, consisting of regular service members of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Armed_Forces" title="Swedish Armed Forces">Swedish Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-About_the_Royal_Guards_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_the_Royal_Guards-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tradition of having a regular unit of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Army" title="Swedish Army">Army</a> guarding at the royal residence dates back to 1523.<sup id="cite_ref-About_the_Royal_Guards_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_the_Royal_Guards-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the mid-19th century, the royal guards also maintained law and order in the city and provided firefighting services.<sup id="cite_ref-About_the_Royal_Guards_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_the_Royal_Guards-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slottet_Tre_Kronor_1661.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Slottet_Tre_Kronor_1661.jpg/220px-Slottet_Tre_Kronor_1661.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Slottet_Tre_Kronor_1661.jpg/330px-Slottet_Tre_Kronor_1661.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Slottet_Tre_Kronor_1661.jpg/440px-Slottet_Tre_Kronor_1661.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3912" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>The castle <i><a href="/wiki/Tre_Kronor_(castle)" title="Tre Kronor (castle)">Tre Kronor</a></i>, located on the site of today's palace, in a painting from 1661 by <a href="/wiki/Govert_Dircksz_Camphuysen" title="Govert Dircksz Camphuysen">Govert Dircksz Camphuysen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The southern façade faces the grand style slope <i><a href="/wiki/Slottsbacken" title="Slottsbacken">Slottsbacken</a></i>;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the eastern façade borders <i><a href="/wiki/Skeppsbron" title="Skeppsbron">Skeppsbron</a></i>, a quay which passes along the eastern waterfront of the old town; on the northern front <i><a href="/wiki/Lejonbacken" title="Lejonbacken">Lejonbacken</a></i> is a system of ramps named for the <a href="/wiki/Medici_lions" title="Medici lions">Medici lions</a>, sculptures on the stone railings; and the western wings border the open space <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gvaktsterrassen" title="Högvaktsterrassen">Högvaktsterrassen</a></i>. The Royal Palace in Stockholm is unique among European royal residences in that large portions of it are open year-round to visitors, who pay entrance fees.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Royal_Palace_of_Stockholm_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Royal_Palace_of_Stockholm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first building on this site was a <a href="/wiki/Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress">fortress</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Keep" title="Keep">keep</a> built in the 13th century by <a href="/wiki/Birger_Jarl" title="Birger Jarl">Birger Jarl</a> to defend the entry into <a href="/wiki/Lake_M%C3%A4laren" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Mälaren">Lake Mälaren</a>. The fortress gradually grew to a castle, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Tre_kronor_(castle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tre kronor (castle)">Tre Kronor</a></i>: named after the spire on the centre tower with <a href="/wiki/Three_Crowns" title="Three Crowns">Three Crowns</a>, which have become the Swedish national symbol.<sup id="cite_ref-n88_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n88-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 16th century, work was done to transform the castle into a <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> palace during the reign of <a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Sweden" title="John III of Sweden">John III</a>. In 1690, it was decided that the castle be rebuilt in <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> style in a design by <a href="/wiki/Nicodemus_Tessin_the_Younger" title="Nicodemus Tessin the Younger">Nicodemus Tessin the Younger</a>. In 1692, work began on the northern row. However, much of the old castle was destroyed in a disastrous fire on 7 May 1697. </p><p>Tessin rebuilt the damaged <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">palace</a>, and work continued for another 63 years. Semicircular wings around the outer western <a href="/wiki/Courtyard" title="Courtyard">courtyard</a> were finished in 1734, the palace church was finished in the 1740s, and the exterior was finished in 1754. The royal family moved to the palace with the southwest, southeast, and northeast wings finished. The northwest wing was finished in 1760. In the north, <i>Lejonbacken</i> (the "Lion's Slope") was rebuilt from 1824 to 1830. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drottningholm_Palace">Drottningholm Palace</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Drottningholm Palace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Drottningholm_Palace" title="Drottningholm Palace">Drottningholm Palace</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drottningholm_Palace_viewed_from_east_2005-08-14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Drottningholm_Palace_viewed_from_east_2005-08-14.jpg/220px-Drottningholm_Palace_viewed_from_east_2005-08-14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Drottningholm_Palace_viewed_from_east_2005-08-14.jpg/330px-Drottningholm_Palace_viewed_from_east_2005-08-14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Drottningholm_Palace_viewed_from_east_2005-08-14.jpg/440px-Drottningholm_Palace_viewed_from_east_2005-08-14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Drottningholm Palace, a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>, is the home residence of the King and Queen.<sup id="cite_ref-Drottningholm_Palace_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drottningholm_Palace-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Drottningholm Palace</b> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Drottningholms slott</i>) is located at <a href="/wiki/Drottningholm" title="Drottningholm">Drottningholm</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Lov%C3%B6n" title="Lovön">Lovön</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Eker%C3%B6_Municipality" title="Ekerö Municipality">Ekerö Municipality</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_County" title="Stockholm County">Stockholm County</a>), and is one of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palaces_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Palaces in Sweden">Sweden's Royal Palaces</a>. It was originally built in the late 16th century. It has served as a residence of the Swedish royal family members for most of the 18th and 19th centuries. Apart from being the current private residence of the King and Queen, Drottningholm Palace is a popular tourist attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-Drottningholm_Palace_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drottningholm_Palace-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The gardens and park areas surrounding Drottningholm Palace and adjacent to its buildings are one of the main attractions for the tourists that visit the palace each year. The gardens have been established in stages since the palace was first built, resulting in many different styles.<sup id="cite_ref-Drottningholm_Palace_Park_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drottningholm_Palace_Park-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The royal domain of Drottningholm is a well-preserved milieu from the 17th and 18th centuries, inspired by French buildings such as the <a href="/wiki/Chateau_of_Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Chateau of Versailles">Chateau of Versailles</a>, and is a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, principally because of the <a href="/wiki/Drottningholm_Palace_Theatre" title="Drottningholm Palace Theatre">Drottningholm Palace Theatre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Pavilion_at_Drottningholm" title="Chinese Pavilion at Drottningholm">Chinese Pavilion at Drottningholm</a>. It was added to the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a> in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-The_World_Heritage_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_World_Heritage-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Haga_Palace">Haga Palace</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Haga Palace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Haga_Palace" title="Haga Palace">Haga Palace</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haga_slott_2008b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Haga_slott_2008b.jpg/220px-Haga_slott_2008b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Haga_slott_2008b.jpg/330px-Haga_slott_2008b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Haga_slott_2008b.jpg/440px-Haga_slott_2008b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1746" data-file-height="1158" /></a><figcaption>Haga Palace is the residence of <a href="/wiki/Crown_Princess_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Princess Victoria">Crown Princess Victoria</a> and her family.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Haga Palace</b> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Haga slott</i>), formerly known as the <b>Queen's Pavilion</b> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Drottningens paviljong</i>), is located in the <a href="/wiki/Hagaparken" title="Hagaparken">Haga Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solna_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Solna Municipality">Solna Municipality</a> in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Stockholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Stockholm">Metropolitan Stockholm</a>. The palace, built between 1802 – 1805, was modelled after balletmaster <a href="/wiki/Louis_Gallodier" title="Louis Gallodier">Louis Gallodier</a>'s Italian villa at <a href="/wiki/Drottningholm" title="Drottningholm">Drottningholm</a> by architect <a href="/wiki/Carl_Christoffer_Gj%C3%B6rwell" title="Carl Christoffer Gjörwell">Carl Christoffer Gjörwell</a> on appointment by <a href="/wiki/King_Gustaf_IV_Adolf" class="mw-redirect" title="King Gustaf IV Adolf">King Gustaf IV Adolf</a> for the royal children. It has been the home or summer house of several members of the Swedish royal family – notably it was the birthplace of the present King <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a> – until 1966 when <a href="/wiki/King_Gustaf_VI_Adolf" class="mw-redirect" title="King Gustaf VI Adolf">King Gustaf VI Adolf</a> transferred its disposal to the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">prime minister</a> and it was turned into a guest house for distinguished foreign official visitors (<a href="/wiki/Heads_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of state">heads of state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government">heads of government</a> et cetera).<sup id="cite_ref-Buildings_in_Haga_Park_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buildings_in_Haga_Park-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2009, it was announced by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Reinfeldt" title="Fredrik Reinfeldt">Fredrik Reinfeldt</a> that the rights of disposal of the palace would be transferred back to the King and thus could be used by <a href="/wiki/Crown_Princess_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Princess Victoria">Crown Princess Victoria</a> and her husband, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Daniel,_Duke_of_V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland">Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Regeringen_återlämnar_Haga_slott_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regeringen_återlämnar_Haga_slott-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They moved into the palace in the autumn after their <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden,_and_Daniel_Westling" title="Wedding of Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, and Daniel Westling">wedding on 19 June 2010</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Haga_Palace_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haga_Palace-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Royal_Family">Royal Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Royal Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:150%; background:lavender;"><div style="padding:0 3em"><span style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_royal_family" title="Swedish royal family">Swedish royal family</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/150px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/225px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/300px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="985" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">The King</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Queen_Silvia_of_Sweden" title="Queen Silvia of Sweden">The Queen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden" title="Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden">The Crown Princess</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Daniel,_Duke_of_V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland">Prince Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Estelle,_Duchess_of_%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Princess Estelle, Duchess of Östergötland">Princess Estelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Oscar,_Duke_of_Sk%C3%A5ne" title="Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne">Prince Oscar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Carl_Philip,_Duke_of_V%C3%A4rmland" title="Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland">Prince Carl Philip</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sofia,_Duchess_of_V%C3%A4rmland" title="Princess Sofia, Duchess of Värmland">Princess Sofia</a> <ul><li>Prince Alexander</li> <li>Prince Gabriel</li> <li>Prince Julian</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Madeleine,_Duchess_of_H%C3%A4lsingland_and_G%C3%A4strikland" title="Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland">Princess Madeleine</a> <ul><li>Princess Leonore</li> <li>Prince Nicolas</li> <li>Princess Adrienne</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Birgitta_of_Sweden" title="Princess Birgitta of Sweden">Princess Birgitta</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaretha,_Mrs._Ambler" title="Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler">Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e,_Baroness_Silfverschi%C3%B6ld" title="Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld">Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Christina,_Mrs._Magnuson" title="Princess Christina, Mrs. Magnuson">Princess Christina, Mrs. Magnuson</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Bernadotte" title="Marianne Bernadotte">Princess Marianne Bernadotte</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swedish_royal_family" title="Template:Swedish royal family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swedish_royal_family" title="Template talk:Swedish royal family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swedish_royal_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swedish royal family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Swedish_royal_family" title="Swedish royal family">Swedish royal family</a></div> <p>The Swedish royal family is, according to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court</a>, currently categorized into three groups; </p> <ul><li>first, those with royal titles and <a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">style (manner of address)</a> who perform official and unofficial engagements for the nation, are the members of the Royal Family (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Kungafamiljen</i>) (currently this category only includes the King, Queen and their descendants, including spouses);<sup id="cite_ref-Möt_Kungafamiljen_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Möt_Kungafamiljen-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>second, those with royal titles and style (manner of address) who perform no official engagements (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Kungliga Huset</i>, usually stylized with the shortform <i>Kungl. Huset</i>);<sup id="cite_ref-Möt_Kungafamiljen_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Möt_Kungafamiljen-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>and third, the extended family of the King (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Kungliga Familjens övriga medlemmar</i>, usually stylized with the shortform <i>Kungl. Familjens övriga medlemmar</i>) which is other close relatives who are not dynasts and thus do not represent the country officially.<sup id="cite_ref-Möt_Kungafamiljen_98-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Möt_Kungafamiljen-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>However, in any case, there is no legislation or other public document which delineates the rules of membership in either the Royal House or Royal Family, as it is left to the sole discretion of the King. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_line_of_succession">The line of succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The line of succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Swedish_throne" title="Succession to the Swedish throne">Succession to the Swedish throne</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vasaorden_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vasaorden_3.JPG/220px-Vasaorden_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vasaorden_3.JPG/330px-Vasaorden_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vasaorden_3.JPG/440px-Vasaorden_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2412" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>The royal barge <i>Vasaorden</i>, last used at the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden,_and_Daniel_Westling" title="Wedding of Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, and Daniel Westling">2010 royal wedding</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Act_of_Succession" title="Swedish Act of Succession">Act of Succession of 1810</a> provides the rules governing the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_succession_to_the_Swedish_throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of succession to the Swedish throne">line of succession</a> and designates the legitimate heirs to the Swedish Throne; it also states in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Act_of_Succession_of_Sweden" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Act of Succession of Sweden">article 4</a> that the Monarch and dynastic members of the Royal House must at all times be a <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant Christian</a> of the <i>pure evangelical faith</i> (by implication the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-The_Act_of_Succession_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Act_of_Succession-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:42-44_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:42-44-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A rewrite of the Act, entering into force in 1980, fundamentally changed the rules of succession from <a href="/wiki/Agnatic_primogeniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnatic primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a> to <a href="/wiki/Absolute_primogeniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute primogeniture">absolute primogeniture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:42-44_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:42-44-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed for the crown to pass to the eldest child regardless of gender and thus <a href="/wiki/Ex_post_facto_law" title="Ex post facto law">retroactively</a> installed Princess Victoria as crown princess over her younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Carl_Philip" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Carl Philip">Prince Carl Philip</a>, who had been born as crown prince a few months before. </p><p>In its present reading, Article 1 of the Act of Succession limits the potential number of claimants to the throne, so that only the descendants of Carl XVI Gustaf can inherit the Throne.<sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:42-44_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:42-44-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AOS:1_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AOS:1-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the royal house were to be extinct, the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a> is not obligated to elect a new royal house, as it once was up until the constitutional reforms of the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Nergelius:42_63-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nergelius:42-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 17em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courtyard_Crisis" title="Courtyard Crisis">Courtyard Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriksgata" title="Eriksgata">Eriksgata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe_Fund" title="Guadeloupe Fund">Guadeloupe Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kungss%C3%A5ngen" title="Kungssången">Kungssången</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heirs_to_the_Swedish_throne" title="List of heirs to the Swedish throne">List of heirs to the Swedish throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Warrant_Holders_of_the_Swedish_court" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Royal Warrant Holders of the Swedish court">List of Royal Warrant Holders of the Swedish court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Swedish consorts">List of Swedish consorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">List of Swedish monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_the_Swedish_Crown" title="List of titles and honours of the Swedish Crown">List of titles and honours of the Swedish Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livrustkammaren" title="Livrustkammaren">Livrustkammaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(Sweden)" title="Oath of Allegiance (Sweden)">Oath of Allegiance (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Charles_XIII" title="Order of Charles XIII">Order of Charles XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Polar_Star" title="Order of the Polar Star">Order of the Polar Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sword" title="Order of the Sword">Order of the Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Vasa" title="Order of Vasa">Order of Vasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Sweden" title="Republicanism in Sweden">Republicanism in Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddarholm_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Riddarholm Church">Riddarholm Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_mottos_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="Royal mottos of Swedish monarchs">Royal mottos of Swedish monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_the_Seraphim" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Order of the Seraphim">Royal Order of the Seraphim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stones_of_Mora" title="Stones of Mora">Stones of Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_order_of_precedence" title="Swedish order of precedence">Swedish order of precedence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Royal_Academies" title="Swedish Royal Academies">Swedish Royal Academies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_royal_family" title="Swedish royal family">Swedish royal family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Security_Service" title="Swedish Security Service">Swedish Security Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">Union between Sweden and Norway</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-n2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n2_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A complete Lutheran church ordinance was not presented until the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Church_Ordinance_1571" title="Swedish Church Ordinance 1571">Swedish Church Ordinance 1571</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Statement_of_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Statement of faith">statement of faith</a> finalized by the <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_Synod" title="Uppsala Synod">Uppsala Synod</a> in 1593.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n3-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n3_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The powers of the king were originally regulated by a section of the written legal code called <i>Konungabalk</i> (<i>Kings' partition</i>) from medieval times until 1734, when <a href="/wiki/Civil_Code_of_1734" title="Civil Code of 1734">a new law code</a> of Sweden was adopted and that section was removed. The new law code of Sweden was adopted after a long period of inquiries by <a href="/wiki/Royal_commission" title="Royal commission">royal commissions</a> since the days of <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Charles IX</a> (late 16th/early 17th century)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n20-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n20_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">No <a href="/wiki/Regnal_number" title="Regnal number">regnal number</a> – just <i>Sigismund</i> – is used when referring to <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a> as King of Sweden.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n1_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The war against Denmark was concluded in 1613 with a peace treaty, which did not cost Sweden any territory, but Sweden was nevertheless forced to pay a heavy indemnity to Denmark (<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kn%C3%A4red" title="Treaty of Knäred">Treaty of Knäred</a>) in order to regain control of <a href="/wiki/%C3%84lvsborg_Fortress" title="Älvsborg Fortress">Älvsborg Fortress</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n17-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n17_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meanwhile, a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(German)" title="Catholic League (German)">Catholic army</a> under Tilly was laying waste to <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>. Gustavus Adolphus met Tilly's army and crushed it at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breitenfeld_(1631)" title="Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)">First Battle of Breitenfeld</a> in September 1631. He then marched clear across Germany, establishing his winter quarters near the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>, making plans for the invasion of the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. In March 1632, Gustavus Adolphus invaded <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, a staunch ally of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor</a>. He forced the withdrawal of his Catholic opponents at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rain" title="Battle of Rain">Battle of Rain</a>. In the summer of that year, he sought a political solution that would preserve the existing structure of states in Germany, while guaranteeing the security of its Protestants. But achieving these objectives depended on his continued success on the battlefield.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n8-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n8_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Chapter V of <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Clausewitz" title="Carl von Clausewitz">Carl von Clausewitz</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/On_War" title="On War">On War</a></i>, he lists Gustavus Adolphus as an example of an outstanding military leader, along with: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">Alexander Farnese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XII">Charles XII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> Bonaparte. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n10-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n10_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although the local conflict with Denmark-Norway, as part of the Thirty Years' War was settled at the Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645), in which the Danes ceded the Norwegian provinces of <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4mtland" title="Jämtland">Jämtland</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rjedalen" title="Härjedalen">Härjedalen</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%84lvdalen_Municipality" title="Älvdalen Municipality">Idre & Särna</a> as well as the Danish <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> islands of <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Ösel</a>. Sweden was furthermore exempted from the <a href="/wiki/Sound_Dues" title="Sound Dues">Sound Dues</a> and received the Danish province of <a href="/wiki/Halland" title="Halland">Halland</a> for a period of 30 years as a guarantee of these provisions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n18-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n18_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweden ceded its Baltic provinces and parts of Finland to Russia in the 1721 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nystad" title="Treaty of Nystad">Treaty of Nystad</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n6-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n6_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also known as the Torekov Agreement (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Torekovsövernskommelsen</i>). The participants were Valter Åman (s), <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Fiskesj%C3%B6" title="Bertil Fiskesjö">Bertil Fiskesjö</a> (c), Birger Lundström (fp) and Allan Hernelius (m).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n12-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n12_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Speaker of the Riksdag, not the Prime Minister, is considered the second highest public office in the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_order_of_precedence" title="Swedish order of precedence">order of precedence</a>, below the head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:155_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:155-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n26-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n26_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Such as in the first article in which the monarch is mentioned: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Art. 5.</b> The King or Queen who occupies the throne of Sweden in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Act_of_Succession" title="Swedish Act of Succession">Act of Succession</a> shall be the Head of State.<sup id="cite_ref-IOG_1:5_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOG_1:5-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n24-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n24_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Given their predominance in 20th century Swedish politics, the public positions taken by the leaders of the Social Democrats are noteworthy; particularly given that their party programme does call for the abolishment of the monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-Socialdemokraterna_och_republikfrågan_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Socialdemokraterna_och_republikfrågan-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Party leaders and prime ministers <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Per-Albin_Hansson" class="mw-redirect" title="Per-Albin Hansson">Per-Albin Hansson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tage_Erlander" title="Tage Erlander">Tage Erlander</a> all made statements to the effect of being for a republic in principle whenever the issue was raised, but that it was not worth pursuing (presumably fearing an electoral backlash).<sup id="cite_ref-Åse:58-60_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Åse:58-60-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the 1972 party congress of the Social Democrats, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Olof_Palme" title="Olof Palme">Olof Palme</a> publicly defended the Torekov compromise, in response some members that yearned for a republic, by famously characterizing that the upcoming reforms would reduce the constitutional role of the monarchy to nothing but a "<a href="/wiki/Plume_(feather)" title="Plume (feather)">plume</a>" (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">plym</i></span>) and thus paving the way to abolish the monarchy with the <i>stroke of a pen</i> (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">penndrag</i></span>) at some distant point in the future. Palme emphasized though that other reforms were far more important for the Social Democrats than abolishing the monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-Socialdemokraterna_och_republikfrågan_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Socialdemokraterna_och_republikfrågan-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Åse:11-13_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Åse:11-13-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Successive leaders (and prime ministers) <a href="/wiki/Ingvar_Carlsson" title="Ingvar Carlsson">Ingvar Carlsson</a> and Göran Persson have also defended the status quo.<sup id="cite_ref-Socialdemokraterna_och_republikfrågan_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Socialdemokraterna_och_republikfrågan-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n14-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n14_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This could be interpreted as "for life", given the historical precedent: no voluntary abdication has occurred since <a href="/wiki/Ulrika_Eleonora" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrika Eleonora">Ulrika Eleonora</a>, in 1719 and only three hereditary monarchs have been involuntarily deposed (<a href="/wiki/Eric_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric XIV">Eric XIV</a> in 1568, <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigisumnd</a> 1599, and <a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf" title="Gustav IV Adolf">Gustav IV Adolf</a> in 1809).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n25-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n25_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Riksdag Act provision in question reads: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Special meeting for the opening of the Riksdag session</b> </p><p><b>Art. 6.</b> A special meeting of the Chamber for the formal opening of a Riksdag session takes place no later than the third day of the session. At the request of the Speaker, the Head of State declares the session open. If the Head of State is unable to attend, the Speaker declares the session open.<br />At this meeting, the Prime Minister delivers a statement of Government policy unless there are special grounds why he or she should refrain from doing so. <br /> <b>Time of meeting for the opening of the Riksdag session</b><br /> <i>Supplementary provision</i> <b>3.6.1</b> The formal opening of the session after an election to the Riksdag takes place at 2 p.m. on the second day of the session.<br /> In years in which no election to the Riksdag has been held, the formal opening takes place on the first day of the session at the same time.<br /> </p><p> The Speaker may appoint another time for the meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-RA_3:6_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RA_3:6-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n4-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n4_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, the king died on 16 November, but the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> ("old style") was still used in Protestant Sweden at the time and the same date is still used now.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n21-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n21_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flag days are regulated by an ordinance issued by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sweden" title="Government of Sweden">Government of Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sweden" title="Flag of Sweden">national flag</a> is flown on all public flag poles and buildings on those dates.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n88-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n88_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_City_Hall" title="Stockholm City Hall">Stockholm City Hall</a>, built in 1927, has a similar spire with <a href="/wiki/Three_Crowns" title="Three Crowns">Three Crowns</a> on its tower.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-The_Royal_Palace_of_Stockholm-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Royal_Palace_of_Stockholm_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Royal_Palace_of_Stockholm_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Royal_Palace_of_Stockholm_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208203439/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/theroyalpalace.4.396160511584257f218000138.html">"The Royal Palace of Stockholm"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/theroyalpalace.4.396160511584257f218000138.html">the original</a> on 8 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Palace+of+Stockholm&rft.pub=Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Froyalcourt%2Froyalpalaces%2Ftheroyalpalace.4.396160511584257f218000138.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drottningholm_Palace-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Drottningholm_Palace_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drottningholm_Palace_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drottningholm_Palace_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208204542/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/drottningholmpalace.4.396160511584257f218000368.html">"Drottningholm Palace"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/drottningholmpalace.4.396160511584257f218000368.html">the original</a> on 8 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drottningholm+Palace&rft.pub=Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Froyalcourt%2Froyalpalaces%2Fdrottningholmpalace.4.396160511584257f218000368.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOG1:5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IOG1:5_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="#IOG">Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Article 5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOG1:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IOG1:1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parliamentary system: see the <a href="#IOG">Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Article 1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monarchy_in_Sweden-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Monarchy_in_Sweden_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monarchy_in_Sweden_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322121946/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/monarchy/themonarchyinsweden.4.396160511584257f2180005799.html">"The Monarchy in Sweden"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/monarchy/themonarchyinsweden.4.396160511584257f2180005799.html">the original</a> on 22 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Monarchy+in+Sweden&rft.pub=Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Froyalcourt%2Fmonarchy%2Fthemonarchyinsweden.4.396160511584257f2180005799.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcOmish2023" class="citation web cs1">McOmish, Rebecca Thandi Norman, Freya (5 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scandinaviastandard.com/the-swedish-royal-family-everything-you-need-to-know/">"The Swedish Royal Family: Everything You Need to Know"</a>. <i>Scandinavia Standard</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031213816/https://www.scandinaviastandard.com/the-swedish-royal-family-everything-you-need-to-know/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scandinavia+Standard&rft.atitle=The+Swedish+Royal+Family%3A+Everything+You+Need+to+Know&rft.date=2023-01-05&rft.aulast=McOmish&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+Thandi+Norman%2C+Freya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scandinaviastandard.com%2Fthe-swedish-royal-family-everything-you-need-to-know%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaton2017" class="citation web cs1">Eaton, Victor (13 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oldest.org/politics/monarchy/">"8 Oldest Monarchies in The World"</a>. <i>Oldest.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231023202438/https://www.oldest.org/politics/monarchy/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oldest.org&rft.atitle=8+Oldest+Monarchies+in+The+World&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oldest.org%2Fpolitics%2Fmonarchy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes" class="citation web cs1">Times, The Brussels. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brusselstimes.com/492442/what-do-europeans-think-about-their-monarchies">"What do Europeans think about their monarchies?"</a>. <i>brusselstimes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031213816/https://www.brusselstimes.com/492442/what-do-europeans-think-about-their-monarchies">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=brusselstimes.com&rft.atitle=What+do+Europeans+think+about+their+monarchies%3F&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=The+Brussels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brusselstimes.com%2F492442%2Fwhat-do-europeans-think-about-their-monarchies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svtplay.se/video/ebmEDGY/uppdrag-granskning/kungens-bostader"><i>Uppdrag granskning - kungens bostäder</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922042225/https://www.svtplay.se/video/ebmEDGY/uppdrag-granskning/kungens-bostader">Archived</a> 22 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a> 2023-05-16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Lyrevik in <i>Den kungliga kleptokratin makt, manipulation, berikning</i> 670 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789188383419" title="Special:BookSources/9789188383419">9789188383419</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ulf Bergström, Staffan Nyberg & Tony Karlsson in <i>Monarkins verkliga kostnader 2020</i> 80 p. <a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a> #fsqjvf15c1qs0flz</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/wdkf054nttmr3ccj">Book</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231213125848/http://libris.kb.se/bib/wdkf054nttmr3ccj">Archived</a> 13 December 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Chefen</i> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sj%C3%B6berg_(journalist)" title="Thomas Sjöberg (journalist)">Thomas Sjöberg</a> 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riksdagen.se/en/How-the-Riksdag-works/Democracy/The-Constitution/">"The Constitution"</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110215202/http://www.riksdagen.se/en/How-the-Riksdag-works/Democracy/The-Constitution/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Constitution&rft.pub=The+Riksdag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riksdagen.se%2Fen%2FHow-the-Riksdag-works%2FDemocracy%2FThe-Constitution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sweden.se/life/people/the-swedish-monarchy">"The Swedish monarchy"</a>. <i>sweden.se</i>. 18 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003114523/https://sweden.se/life/people/the-swedish-monarchy">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sweden.se&rft.atitle=The+Swedish+monarchy&rft.date=2023-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsweden.se%2Flife%2Fpeople%2Fthe-swedish-monarchy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kungahuset.se/english/royal-palaces-and-residences">"Royal palaces and residences"</a>. <i>kungahuset.se</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231023032650/https://www.kungahuset.se/english/royal-palaces-and-residences">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kungahuset.se&rft.atitle=Royal+palaces+and+residences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Fenglish%2Froyal-palaces-and-residences&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlete2002" class="citation book cs1">Glete, Jan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hI5agv3IDGIC&q=questia+Glete,+War+and+the+State"><i>War and the State in Early Modern Europe: Spain, the Dutch Republic and Sweden as Fiscal-military States, 1500–1660</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22644-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22644-8"><bdi>978-0-415-22644-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+the+State+in+Early+Modern+Europe%3A+Spain%2C+the+Dutch+Republic+and+Sweden+as+Fiscal-military+States%2C+1500%E2%80%931660&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-22644-8&rft.aulast=Glete&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhI5agv3IDGIC%26q%3Dquestia%2BGlete%2C%2BWar%2Band%2Bthe%2BState&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article "Johan III", from <a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trettioåriga_kriget-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trettioåriga_kriget_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEricson_WolkeLarsson2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ericson Wolke, Lars; Larsson, Villstrand (2006). Historiska Media (ed.). <i>Trettioåriga kriget</i> (in Swedish). Historiska media. pp. 145–148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-85377-37-6" title="Special:BookSources/91-85377-37-6"><bdi>91-85377-37-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trettio%C3%A5riga+kriget&rft.pages=145-148&rft.pub=Historiska+media&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=91-85377-37-6&rft.aulast=Ericson+Wolke&rft.aufirst=Lars&rft.au=Larsson%2C+Villstrand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nordisk_Familjebok_-_Axel_Gustafsson_Oxenstierna-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nordisk_Familjebok_-_Axel_Gustafsson_Oxenstierna_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbt/0622.html">"Nordisk Familjebok – Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna"</a>. <i>Nordisk Familjebok at runeberg.org</i> (in Swedish). 1914. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020093126/https://runeberg.org/nfbt/0622.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nordisk+Familjebok+at+runeberg.org&rft.atitle=Nordisk+Familjebok+%E2%80%93+Axel+Gustafsson+Oxenstierna&rft.date=1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fnfbt%2F0622.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrinz2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Prinz, Oliver C. (2005). <i>Der Einfluss von Heeresverfassung und Soldatenbild auf die Entwicklung des Militärstrafrechts</i>. Osnabrücker Schriften zur Rechtsgeschichte (in German). Vol. 7. Osnabrück: V&R unipress. pp. 40–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89971-129-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-89971-129-7"><bdi>3-89971-129-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Einfluss+von+Heeresverfassung+und+Soldatenbild+auf+die+Entwicklung+des+Milit%C3%A4rstrafrechts&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck&rft.series=Osnabr%C3%BCcker+Schriften+zur+Rechtsgeschichte&rft.pages=40-41&rft.pub=V%26R+unipress&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-89971-129-7&rft.aulast=Prinz&rft.aufirst=Oliver+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span> Referring to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKroener1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kroener, Bernhard R. (1993). "Militärgeschichte des Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit bis 1648. Vom Lehnskrieger zum Söldner". In Neugebauer, Karl-Volker (ed.). <i>Grundzüge der deutschen Militärgeschichte</i> (in German). Vol. 1. Freiburg: Rombach. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Milit%C3%A4rgeschichte+des+Mittelalters+und+der+fr%C3%BChen+Neuzeit+bis+1648.+Vom+Lehnskrieger+zum+S%C3%B6ldner&rft.btitle=Grundz%C3%BCge+der+deutschen+Milit%C3%A4rgeschichte&rft.place=Freiburg&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Rombach&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Kroener&rft.aufirst=Bernhard+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lundh-Eriksson-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lundh-Eriksson_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lundh-Eriksson_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lundh-Eriksson_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lundh-Eriksson, Nanna (Swedish): Den glömda drottningen. Karl XII:s syster. Ulrika Eleonora D.Y. och hennes tid (The Forgotten Queen. The Sister of Charles XII. The Age of Ulrika Eleonora the Younger) Affärstryckeriet, Norrtälje. (1976)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNina_Ringbom" class="citation web cs1">Nina Ringbom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historiesajten.se/visainfo.asp?id=414">"Kristina Magdalena av Pfalz-Zweibrücken"</a>. historiesajten.se. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128173032/https://historiesajten.se/visainfo.asp?id=414">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kristina+Magdalena+av+Pfalz-Zweibr%C3%BCcken&rft.pub=historiesajten.se&rft.au=Nina+Ringbom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoriesajten.se%2Fvisainfo.asp%3Fid%3D414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbk/0057.html">"Hattpartiet, Hattarna"</a>. Nordisk familjebok. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408140105/http://runeberg.org/nfbk/0057.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hattpartiet%2C+Hattarna&rft.pub=Nordisk+familjebok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fnfbk%2F0057.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbs/0211.html">"Mösspartiet, Mössorna"</a>. Nordisk familjebok. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200821034324/http://runeberg.org/nfbs/0211.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C3%B6sspartiet%2C+M%C3%B6ssorna&rft.pub=Nordisk+familjebok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fnfbs%2F0211.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:66-67-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:66-67_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Larsson_&_Bäck">Larsson & Bäck</a>: pp. 66–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:67-68-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:67-68_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Larsson_&_Bäck">Larsson & Bäck</a>: pp. 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:68-69-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:68-69_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:68-69_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Larsson_&_Bäck">Larsson & Bäck</a>: pp. 68–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:66-69-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:66-69_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Larsson_&_Bäck">Larsson & Bäck</a>: pp. 66–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewin:112-115-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lewin:112-115_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lewin:112-115_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Lewin:112-115">Lewin</a>: pp. 112–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:72-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:72_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Larsson_&_Bäck">Larsson & Bäck</a>: p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergman1999-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bergman1999_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergman1999_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergman1999_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergman1999_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergman1999_39-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Torbjörn Bergman (1999). "Trade-offs in Swedish Constitutional design: The Monarchy Under Challenge". In Wolfgang C. Müller and <a href="/wiki/Kaare_Str%C3%B8m_(political_scientist)" title="Kaare Strøm (political scientist)">Kaare Strøm</a>, eds., <i>Policy? Office?, or Votes? How Political Parties Make Hard Choices</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-63723-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-63723-6">0-521-63723-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=4980649">"Monarken utan formell makt efter Torekovskompromissen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">Sveriges Radio</a></i> (in Swedish). 23 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090259/http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=4980649">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sveriges+Radio&rft.atitle=Monarken+utan+formell+makt+efter+Torekovskompromissen&rft.date=2012-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsverigesradio.se%2Fsida%2Fartikel.aspx%3Fprogramid%3D83%26artikel%3D4980649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duties_of_the_Monarch-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duties_of_the_Monarch_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duties_of_the_Monarch_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duties_of_the_Monarch_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duties_of_the_Monarch_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duties_of_the_Monarch_42-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316041821/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/monarchy/themonarchyinsweden/dutiesofthemonarch.4.396160511584257f2180003302.html">"Duties of the Monarch"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/monarchy/themonarchyinsweden/dutiesofthemonarch.4.396160511584257f2180003302.html">the original</a> on 16 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duties+of+the+Monarch&rft.pub=Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Froyalcourt%2Fmonarchy%2Fthemonarchyinsweden%2Fdutiesofthemonarch.4.396160511584257f2180003302.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Head_of_State-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Head_of_State_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Head_of_State_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Head_of_State_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225235411/http://www.government.se/sb/d/2853/nocache/true/a/21785/dictionary/true">"The Head of State"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sweden" title="Government of Sweden">Government of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.se/sb/d/2853/nocache/true/a/21785/dictionary/true">the original</a> on 25 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Head+of+State&rft.pub=Government+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.se%2Fsb%2Fd%2F2853%2Fnocache%2Ftrue%2Fa%2F21785%2Fdictionary%2Ftrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFS_1973:702-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFS_1973:702_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFS_1973:702_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Swedish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://62.95.69.15/cgi-bin/thw?${HTML}=sfst_lst&${OOHTML}=sfst_dok&${SNHTML}=sfst_err&${BASE}=SFST&${TRIPSHOW}=format=THW&BET=1973:702$">SFS (1973:702)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120219105931/http://62.95.69.15/cgi-bin/thw?%24%7BHTML%7D=sfst_lst&%24%7BOOHTML%7D=sfst_dok&%24%7BSNHTML%7D=sfst_err&%24%7BBASE%7D=SFST&%24%7BTRIPSHOW%7D=format%3DTHW&BET=1973%3A702%24">Archived</a> 19 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svtplay.se/video/ebmEDGY/uppdrag-granskning/kungens-bostader"><i>Uppdrag granskning - kungens bostäder</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922042225/https://www.svtplay.se/video/ebmEDGY/uppdrag-granskning/kungens-bostader">Archived</a> 22 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a> 2023-05–16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nergelius:15-16-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:15-16_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:15-16_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Nergelius">Nergelius</a>: pp. 15–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nergelius:33-34-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:33-34_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:33-34_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Nergelius">Nergelius</a>: pp. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forming_a_government-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Forming_a_government_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riksdagen.se/en/How-the-Riksdag-works/Democracy/Forming-a-government/">"Forming a government"</a>. The Riksdag. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009160056/http://www.riksdagen.se/en/How-the-Riksdag-works/Democracy/Forming-a-government/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forming+a+government&rft.pub=The+Riksdag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riksdagen.se%2Fen%2FHow-the-Riksdag-works%2FDemocracy%2FForming-a-government%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:166-170-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:166-170_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Larsson_&_Bäck">Larsson & Bäck</a>: pp. 166–170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:155-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:155_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Larsson_&_Bäck">Larsson & Bäck</a>: p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prop._1973:90-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prop._1973:90_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prop._1973:90_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prop._1973:90_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prop._1973:90_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Prop. 1973:90. Kungl. Maj:ts proposition med förslag till ny regeringsform och ny riksdagsordning m. m.; given Stockholms slott den 16 mars 1973. pp. 172–175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:65-69-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:65-69_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Larsson_&_Bäck">Larsson & Bäck</a>: pp. 65–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nergelius:41-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:41_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:41_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Nergelius">Nergelius</a>: p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larsson_&_Bäck:166-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Larsson_&_Bäck:166_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Larsson_&_Bäck">Larsson & Bäck</a>: p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOG_1:5-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IOG_1:5_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#IOG">The Instrument of Government</a>: Chapter 1, Article 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Socialdemokraterna_och_republikfrågan-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Socialdemokraterna_och_republikfrågan_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Socialdemokraterna_och_republikfrågan_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Socialdemokraterna_och_republikfrågan_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbark.se/2010/06/socialdemokraterna-och-republikfragan">"Socialdemokraterna och republikfrågan"</a>. Arbetarrörelsen arkiv och bibliotek (Swedish Labour Movement Archives and Library). 18 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114021357/http://www.arbark.se/2010/06/socialdemokraterna-och-republikfragan/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Socialdemokraterna+och+republikfr%C3%A5gan&rft.pub=Arbetarr%C3%B6relsen+arkiv+och+bibliotek+%28Swedish+Labour+Movement+Archives+and+Library%29&rft.date=2010-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arbark.se%2F2010%2F06%2Fsocialdemokraterna-och-republikfragan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Åse:58-60-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Åse:58-60_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Åse">Åse</a>: pp. 58–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Åse:11-13-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Åse:11-13_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Åse">Åse</a>: pp. 11–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petersson:44-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Petersson:44_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Petersson">Petersson</a>: p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nergelius:42-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:42_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:42_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:42_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:42_63-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:42_63-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Nergelius">Nergelius</a>: p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RA_3:6-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RA_3:6_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#RA">The Riksdag Act</a>: Chapter 3, Article 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_year_in_the_Riksdag-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_year_in_the_Riksdag_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riksdagen.se/en/How-the-Riksdag-works/What-does-the-Riksdag-do/A-year-in-the-Riksdag/">"A year in the Riksdag"</a>. The Riksdag. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141024144158/http://www.riksdagen.se/en/How-the-Riksdag-works/What-does-the-Riksdag-do/A-year-in-the-Riksdag/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+year+in+the+Riksdag&rft.pub=The+Riksdag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riksdagen.se%2Fen%2FHow-the-Riksdag-works%2FWhat-does-the-Riksdag-do%2FA-year-in-the-Riksdag%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nergelius:41-42-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:41-42_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:41-42_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Nergelius">Nergelius</a>: pp. 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Advisory_Council_on_Foreign_Affairs-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Advisory_Council_on_Foreign_Affairs_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riksdagen.se/en/How-the-Riksdag-works/Authorities-and-boards-under-the-Riksdag/The-Advisory-Council-on-Foreign-Affairs/">"The Advisory Council on Foreign Affairs"</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141024144059/http://www.riksdagen.se/en/How-the-Riksdag-works/Authorities-and-boards-under-the-Riksdag/The-Advisory-Council-on-Foreign-Affairs/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Advisory+Council+on+Foreign+Affairs&rft.pub=The+Riksdag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riksdagen.se%2Fen%2FHow-the-Riksdag-works%2FAuthorities-and-boards-under-the-Riksdag%2FThe-Advisory-Council-on-Foreign-Affairs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Övriga_funktioner-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Övriga_funktioner_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602045554/http://www.kungahuset.se/hovstaterna/hovstaternasorganisation/ovrigafunktioner.4.19ae4931022afdcff3800017274.html">"Övriga funktioner"</a> (in Swedish). The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/hovstaterna/hovstaternasorganisation/ovrigafunktioner.4.19ae4931022afdcff3800017274.html">the original</a> on 2 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%96vriga+funktioner&rft.pub=The+Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Fhovstaterna%2Fhovstaternasorganisation%2Fovrigafunktioner.4.19ae4931022afdcff3800017274.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Wilson" class="citation web cs1">Steve Wilson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/17thcentury/articles/geniusofsweden.aspx">"The genius of Sweden's 'Lion of the North'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Military History Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140209050158/http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/17thcentury/articles/geniusofsweden.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+genius+of+Sweden%27s+%27Lion+of+the+North%27&rft.pub=Military+History+Online&rft.au=Steve+Wilson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryhistoryonline.com%2F17thcentury%2Farticles%2Fgeniusofsweden.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19011104&id=66VXAAAAIBAJ&pg=3598,459401">"In Memory of a Great Man"</a>. Spokane Daily Chronicle (scanned by Google). 4 November 1901. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414155910/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19011104&id=66VXAAAAIBAJ&pg=3598,459401">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Memory+of+a+Great+Man&rft.pub=Spokane+Daily+Chronicle+%28scanned+by+Google%29&rft.date=1901-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1338%26dat%3D19011104%26id%3D66VXAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3598%2C459401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedishlanguagetraining.co.uk/calendar.html">"Swedish Festival Calendar"</a>. Swedish Language Training London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225041850/http://www.swedishlanguagetraining.co.uk/calendar.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swedish+Festival+Calendar&rft.pub=Swedish+Language+Training+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swedishlanguagetraining.co.uk%2Fcalendar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://62.95.69.15/cgi-bin/thw?%24{HTML}=sfst_lst&%24{OOHTML}=sfst_dok&%24{SNHTML}=sfst_err&%24{BASE}=SFST&%24{TRIPSHOW}=format%3DTHW&BET=1982%3A270%24x">"Förordning (1982:270) om allmänna flaggdagar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Code_of_Statutes" title="Swedish Code of Statutes">Swedish Code of Statutes</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=F%C3%B6rordning+%281982%3A270%29+om+allm%C3%A4nna+flaggdagar&rft.pub=Swedish+Code+of+Statutes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F62.95.69.15%2Fcgi-bin%2Fthw%3F%2524%7BHTML%7D%3Dsfst_lst%26%2524%7BOOHTML%7D%3Dsfst_dok%26%2524%7BSNHTML%7D%3Dsfst_err%26%2524%7BBASE%7D%3DSFST%26%2524%7BTRIPSHOW%7D%3Dformat%253DTHW%26BET%3D1982%253A270%2524x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levinovitz21-23-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Levinovitz21-23_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Levinovitz">Levinovitz</a>, pp. 21–23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saob.se/artikel/?seek=Vender&pz=6">"vender | SAOB"</a> (in Swedish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515154220/https://www.saob.se/artikel/?seek=Vender&pz=6">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=vender+%7C+SAOB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saob.se%2Fartikel%2F%3Fseek%3DVender%26pz%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saob.se/artikel/?unik=G_1565-0208.95cR#M_G1565_206886">"göt | SAOB"</a> (in Swedish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515154223/https://www.saob.se/artikel/?unik=G_1565-0208.95cR#M_G1565_206886">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=g%C3%B6t+%7C+SAOB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saob.se%2Fartikel%2F%3Funik%3DG_1565-0208.95cR%23M_G1565_206886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=%22King+of+the+Swedes,+the+Goths,+and+the+Wends%22&tbm=bks">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"King of the Swedes, the Goths, and the Wends" – Google Search"</a>. <i>google.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230417220043/https://www.google.com/search?q=%22King+of+the+Swedes,+the+Goths,+and+the+Wends%22&tbm=bks">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=google.com&rft.atitle=%22King+of+the+Swedes%2C+the+Goths%2C+and+the+Wends%22+%E2%80%93+Google+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3D%2522King%2Bof%2Bthe%2BSwedes%2C%2Bthe%2BGoths%2C%2Band%2Bthe%2BWends%2522%26tbm%3Dbks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=%22King+of+Sweden,+of+the+Goths+and+Vandals%22&tbm=bks">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"King of Sweden, of the Goths and Vandals" – Google Search"</a>. <i>google.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315235743/https://www.google.com/search?q=%22King%20of%20Sweden%2C%20of%20the%20Goths%20and%20Vandals%22&tbm=bks">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=google.com&rft.atitle=%22King+of+Sweden%2C+of+the+Goths+and+Vandals%22+%E2%80%93+Google+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3D%2522King%2Bof%2BSweden%2C%2Bof%2Bthe%2BGoths%2Band%2BVandals%2522%26tbm%3Dbks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AOS:P-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AOS:P_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Preamble" title="Preamble">preamble</a> to the <a href="#AOS">Act of Succession</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sweden.se/society/the-swedish-monarchy/">"The Swedish Monarchy"</a>. sweden.se. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626230527/https://sweden.se/society/the-swedish-monarchy/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Swedish+Monarchy&rft.pub=sweden.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsweden.se%2Fsociety%2Fthe-swedish-monarchy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History,_The_Treasury-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History,_The_Treasury_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History,_The_Treasury_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History,_The_Treasury_84-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140603222521/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/theroyalpalace/thetreasury/history.4.396160511584257f21800011991.html">"History, The Treasury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/theroyalpalace/thetreasury/history.4.396160511584257f21800011991.html">the original</a> on 3 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History%2C+The+Treasury&rft.pub=Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Froyalcourt%2Froyalpalaces%2Ftheroyalpalace%2Fthetreasury%2Fhistory.4.396160511584257f21800011991.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Regal_symbols-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Regal_symbols_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Regal_symbols_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203211617/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/monarchy/regalsymbols.4.396160511584257f2180001975.html">"Regal symbols"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/monarchy/regalsymbols.4.396160511584257f2180001975.html">the original</a> on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regal+symbols&rft.pub=Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Froyalcourt%2Fmonarchy%2Fregalsymbols.4.396160511584257f2180001975.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140603173313/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/theroyalpalace/thetreasury.4.396160511584257f2180002742.html">"The Treasury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/theroyalpalace/thetreasury.4.396160511584257f2180002742.html">the original</a> on 3 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Treasury&rft.pub=Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Froyalcourt%2Froyalpalaces%2Ftheroyalpalace%2Fthetreasury.4.396160511584257f2180002742.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalcourt.se/royalcourt/monarchy/orders.4.396160511584257f2180005150.html">Orders</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516115947/http://www.royalcourt.se/royalcourt/monarchy/orders.4.396160511584257f2180005150.html">Archived</a> 16 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalcourt.se/royalcourt.4.367010ad11497db6cba800054503.html">Swedish Royal Court</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100722063753/http://www.royalcourt.se/royalcourt.4.367010ad11497db6cba800054503.html">Archived</a> 22 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, date accessed 2014-10-22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Svenska_folkets_slott-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Svenska_folkets_slott_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810142752/http://www.sfv.se/Documents/Kulturvarden/2013_03/Svenska_folkets_slott.pdf">"Svenska folkets slott"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Swedish). <a href="/wiki/Statens_fastighetsverk" class="mw-redirect" title="Statens fastighetsverk">Statens fastighetsverk</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfv.se/Documents/Kulturvarden/2013_03/Svenska_folkets_slott.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Svenska+folkets+slott&rft.pub=Statens+fastighetsverk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfv.se%2FDocuments%2FKulturvarden%2F2013_03%2FSvenska_folkets_slott.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-State_administration_in_Sweden-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-State_administration_in_Sweden_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141113102346/http://www.government.se/sb/d/15479/nocache/true/a/183485/dictionary/true">"State administration in Sweden"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sweden" title="Government of Sweden">Government of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.se/sb/d/15479/nocache/true/a/183485/dictionary/true">the original</a> on 13 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+administration+in+Sweden&rft.pub=Government+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.se%2Fsb%2Fd%2F15479%2Fnocache%2Ftrue%2Fa%2F183485%2Fdictionary%2Ftrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Interests-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Interests_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505204755/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalfamily/hmkingcarlxvigustaf/interests.4.396160511584257f2180003500.html">"Interests"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalfamily/hmkingcarlxvigustaf/interests.4.396160511584257f2180003500.html">the original</a> on 5 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interests&rft.pub=Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Froyalcourt%2Froyalfamily%2Fhmkingcarlxvigustaf%2Finterests.4.396160511584257f2180003500.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About_the_Royal_Guards-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-About_the_Royal_Guards_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_the_Royal_Guards_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_the_Royal_Guards_91-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301103817/http://www.forsvarsmakten.se/en/about/the-royal-guards/about-the-royal-guards/">"About the Royal Guards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Armed_Forces" title="Swedish Armed Forces">Swedish Armed Forces</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forsvarsmakten.se/en/about/the-royal-guards/about-the-royal-guards/">the original</a> on 1 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Royal+Guards&rft.pub=Swedish+Armed+Forces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forsvarsmakten.se%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fthe-royal-guards%2Fabout-the-royal-guards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drottningholm_Palace_Park-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drottningholm_Palace_Park_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140603222418/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/drottningholmpalace/thepalacepark.4.396160511584257f2180001860.html">"Drottningholm Palace Park"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/drottningholmpalace/thepalacepark.4.396160511584257f2180001860.html">the original</a> on 3 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drottningholm+Palace+Park&rft.pub=Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Froyalcourt%2Froyalpalaces%2Fdrottningholmpalace%2Fthepalacepark.4.396160511584257f2180001860.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_World_Heritage-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_World_Heritage_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208203358/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/drottningholmpalace/theworldheritage.4.396160511584257f2180002024.html">"The World Heritage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/drottningholmpalace/theworldheritage.4.396160511584257f2180002024.html">the original</a> on 8 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Heritage&rft.pub=Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Froyalcourt%2Froyalpalaces%2Fdrottningholmpalace%2Ftheworldheritage.4.396160511584257f2180002024.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buildings_in_Haga_Park-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buildings_in_Haga_Park_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140603222856/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/hagapark/buildingsinhagapark.4.1a6f639212652d9b15a80005035.html">"Buildings in Haga Park"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/hagapark/buildingsinhagapark.4.1a6f639212652d9b15a80005035.html">the original</a> on 3 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buildings+in+Haga+Park&rft.pub=Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Froyalcourt%2Froyalpalaces%2Fhagapark%2Fbuildingsinhagapark.4.1a6f639212652d9b15a80005035.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Regeringen_återlämnar_Haga_slott-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Regeringen_återlämnar_Haga_slott_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426215817/http://www.regeringen.se/sb/d/11817/a/125035">"Regeringen återlämnar Haga slott"</a> (in Swedish). <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sweden" title="Government of Sweden">Government of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regeringen.se/sb/d/11817/a/125035">the original</a> on 26 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regeringen+%C3%A5terl%C3%A4mnar+Haga+slott&rft.pub=Government+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regeringen.se%2Fsb%2Fd%2F11817%2Fa%2F125035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haga_Palace-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haga_Palace_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160708124230/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalfamily/hrhcrownprincessvictoria/hagapalace.4.1a6f639212652d9b15a800016931.html">"Haga Palace"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalfamily/hrhcrownprincessvictoria/hagapalace.4.1a6f639212652d9b15a800016931.html">the original</a> on 8 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haga+Palace&rft.pub=Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Froyalcourt%2Froyalfamily%2Fhrhcrownprincessvictoria%2Fhagapalace.4.1a6f639212652d9b15a800016931.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Möt_Kungafamiljen-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Möt_Kungafamiljen_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Möt_Kungafamiljen_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Möt_Kungafamiljen_98-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kungahuset.se/kungafamiljen.4.1c3432a100d8991c5b80002606.html">"Möt Kungafamiljen"</a> (in Swedish). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Sweden" title="Royal Court of Sweden">Royal Court of Sweden</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180507022020/http://www.kungahuset.se/kungafamiljen.4.1c3432a100d8991c5b80002606.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C3%B6t+Kungafamiljen&rft.pub=Royal+Court+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kungahuset.se%2Fkungafamiljen.4.1c3432a100d8991c5b80002606.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Act_of_Succession-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Act_of_Succession_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riksdagen.se/en/How-the-Riksdag-works/Democracy/The-Constitution/The-Act-of-Succession/">"The Act of Succession"</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141024144000/http://www.riksdagen.se/en/How-the-Riksdag-works/Democracy/The-Constitution/The-Act-of-Succession/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Act+of+Succession&rft.pub=The+Riksdag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riksdagen.se%2Fen%2FHow-the-Riksdag-works%2FDemocracy%2FThe-Constitution%2FThe-Act-of-Succession%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nergelius:42-44-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:42-44_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:42-44_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nergelius:42-44_100-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Nergelius">Nergelius</a>: pp. 42–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AOS:1-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AOS:1_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="#AOS">Act of Succession, Article 1</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>English translations of Swedish fundamental laws and the Riksdag Act</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="IOG" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riksdagen.se/en/SysSiteAssets/07.-dokument--lagar/the-instrument-of-government-2015.pdf/"><i>The Instrument of Government</i></a>. Stockholm: The <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a>. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316002029/http://www.riksdagen.se/en/SysSiteAssets/07.-dokument--lagar/the-instrument-of-government-2015.pdf/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Instrument+of+Government&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=The+Riksdag&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riksdagen.se%2Fen%2FSysSiteAssets%2F07.-dokument--lagar%2Fthe-instrument-of-government-2015.pdf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="AOS" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riksdagen.se/en/SysSiteAssets/07.-dokument--lagar/the-act-of-succession-2012.pdf/"><i>The Act of Succession</i></a>. Stockholm: The <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a>. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020064404/http://www.riksdagen.se/en/SysSiteAssets/07.-dokument--lagar/the-act-of-succession-2012.pdf/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Stockholm: The <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a>. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020064554/http://www.riksdagen.se/en/SysSiteAssets/07.-dokument--lagar/the-riksdag-act-2015.pdf/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Riksdag+Act&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=The+Riksdag&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riksdagen.se%2Fen%2FSysSiteAssets%2F07.-dokument--lagar%2Fthe-riksdag-act-2015.pdf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Bibliography</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Larsson_&_Bäck" class="citation book cs1">Larsson, Torbjörn; Bäck, Henry (2008). <i>Governing and Governance in Sweden</i>. Lund: <a href="/wiki/Studentlitteratur" title="Studentlitteratur">Studentlitteratur</a> AB. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-44-03682-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-44-03682-3"><bdi>978-91-44-03682-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governing+and+Governance+in+Sweden&rft.place=Lund&rft.pub=Studentlitteratur+AB&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-91-44-03682-3&rft.aulast=Larsson&rft.aufirst=Torbj%C3%B6rn&rft.au=B%C3%A4ck%2C+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Levinovitz" class="citation book cs1">Levinovitz, Agneta Wallin (2001). Nils Ringertz (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QMSg5mRJiukC"><i>The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Press" title="Imperial College Press">Imperial College Press</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Scientific" title="World Scientific">World Scientific Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-02-4664-1" title="Special:BookSources/981-02-4664-1"><bdi>981-02-4664-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230924100744/https://books.google.com/books?id=QMSg5mRJiukC">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize%3A+The+First+100+Years&rft.pub=Imperial+College+Press+and+World+Scientific+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=981-02-4664-1&rft.aulast=Levinovitz&rft.aufirst=Agneta+Wallin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQMSg5mRJiukC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Lewin" class="citation book cs1">Lewin, Leif (1988). <i>Ideology and Strategy: A Century of Swedish Politics</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521343305" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521343305"><bdi>978-0521343305</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideology+and+Strategy%3A+A+Century+of+Swedish+Politics&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0521343305&rft.aulast=Lewin&rft.aufirst=Leif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Nergelius" class="citation book cs1">Nergelius, Joakim (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vue3del4NAIC&q=Constitutional%20Law%20in%20Sweden&pg=PP1"><i>Constitutional Law in Sweden</i></a>. Alphen aan den Rijn: <a href="/wiki/Wolters_Kluwer" title="Wolters Kluwer">Kluwer Law International BV</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9041134356" title="Special:BookSources/978-9041134356"><bdi>978-9041134356</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Law+in+Sweden&rft.place=Alphen+aan+den+Rijn&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International+BV&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9041134356&rft.aulast=Nergelius&rft.aufirst=Joakim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvue3del4NAIC%26q%3DConstitutional%2520Law%2520in%2520Sweden%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Petersson" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petersson, Olof (2010). <i>Den offentliga makten</i> (in Swedish). Stockholm: SNS Förlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-86203-66-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-86203-66-5"><bdi>978-91-86203-66-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Den+offentliga+makten&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=SNS+F%C3%B6rlag&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-91-86203-66-5&rft.aulast=Petersson&rft.aufirst=Olof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1992" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Michael (1992). <i>Gustavus Adolphus</i>. Profiles in Power (2nd ed.). London: Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0582090008" title="Special:BookSources/0582090008"><bdi>0582090008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gustavus+Adolphus&rft.place=London&rft.series=Profiles+in+Power&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0582090008&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Truedson_Demitz" class="citation book cs1">Truedson Demitz, Jacob (1996). <i><a href="/wiki/Throne_of_a_Thousand_Years" title="Throne of a Thousand Years">Throne of a Thousand Years</a></i>. Ludvika & Los Angeles: Ristesson Ent. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-630-5030-7" title="Special:BookSources/91-630-5030-7"><bdi>91-630-5030-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Throne+of+a+Thousand+Years&rft.place=Ludvika+%26+Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Ristesson+Ent.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=91-630-5030-7&rft.aulast=Truedson+Demitz&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Åse" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Åse, Cecilia (2009). <i>Monarkins makt. Nationell gemenskap i svensk demokrati</i> (in Swedish). Stockholm: Ordfront. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7037-416-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-7037-416-6"><bdi>978-91-7037-416-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monarkins+makt.+Nationell+gemenskap+i+svensk+demokrati&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Ordfront&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-91-7037-416-6&rft.aulast=%C3%85se&rft.aufirst=Cecilia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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Sweden"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Sweden" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Sweden"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Sweden" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">Monarchs of Sweden</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Muns%C3%B6" title="House of Munsö">Munsö</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="c._970_–_c._1060" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 970 – c. 1060</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious" title="Eric the Victorious">Eric "VII"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olof_Sk%C3%B6tkonung" title="Olof Skötkonung">Olof Skötkonung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anund_Jacob" title="Anund Jacob">Anund Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emund_the_Old" title="Emund the Old">Emund the Old</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stenkil" title="House of Stenkil">Stenkil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="c._1060_–_c._11301160–1161" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">c. 1060 – c. 1130<br />1160–1161</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stenkil" title="Stenkil">Stenkil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_and_Eric" title="Eric and Eric">Eric and Eric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halsten_Stenkilsson" title="Halsten Stenkilsson">Halsten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anund_G%C3%A5rdske" class="mw-redirect" title="Anund Gårdske">Anund Gårdske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5kan_the_Red" title="Håkan the Red">Håkan the Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halsten_Stenkilsson" title="Halsten Stenkilsson">Halsten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Inge_the_Elder" title="Inge the Elder">Inge the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blot-Sweyn" title="Blot-Sweyn">Blot-Sweyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inge_the_Elder" title="Inge the Elder">Inge the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Sweden" title="Philip of Sweden">Philip</a> / <a href="/wiki/Inge_the_Younger" title="Inge the Younger">Inge the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnvald_Knaph%C3%B6vde" title="Ragnvald Knaphövde">Ragnvald Knaphövde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_the_Strong" title="Magnus the Strong">Magnus I</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Estridsen" title="House of Estridsen">House of Estridsen</a>, <small>descendant of Inge the Elder</small>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sverker" title="House of Sverker">Sverker</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Eric" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Eric">Eric</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="c._1130_–_1250" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">c. 1130 – 1250</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sverker_the_Elder" title="Sverker the Elder">Sverker the Elder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Erik" title="Saint Erik">Eric "IX" the Holy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Henriksson" title="Magnus Henriksson">Magnus II</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Estridsen" title="House of Estridsen">House of Estridsen</a>, <small>descendant of Inge the Elder</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Sverkersson" title="Karl Sverkersson">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_of_Sweden" title="Kol of Sweden">Kol</a> / <a href="/wiki/Boleslaw_of_Sweden" title="Boleslaw of Sweden">Boleslaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_Eriksson" title="Knut Eriksson">Knut Eriksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverker_the_Younger" title="Sverker the Younger">Sverker the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Knutsson" title="Erik Knutsson">Eric "X"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="John I of Sweden">John I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erik_Eriksson" title="Erik Eriksson">Eric "XI"</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_L%C3%A5nge" title="Knut Långe">Knut Långe</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erik_Eriksson" title="Erik Eriksson">Eric "XI"</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bj%C3%A4lbo" title="House of Bjälbo">Bjälbo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1250–1364" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">1250–1364</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valdemar,_King_of_Sweden" title="Valdemar, King of Sweden">Valdemar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Ladul%C3%A5s" title="Magnus Ladulås">Magnus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birger,_King_of_Sweden" title="Birger, King of Sweden">Birger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Eriksson" title="Magnus Eriksson">Magnus IV</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_XII_of_Sweden" title="Eric XII of Sweden">Eric "XII"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Eriksson" title="Magnus Eriksson">Magnus IV</a> / <a href="/wiki/Haakon_VI_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon VI of Norway">Haakon</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Mecklenburg" title="House of Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1364–1389" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">1364–1389</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert,_King_of_Sweden" title="Albert, King of Sweden">Albert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a> <div style="padding-top:0.5em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:80%;"><i>Italics</i> indicate<br />regents</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1389–1523" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">1389–1523</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_I_of_Denmark" title="Margaret I of Denmark">Margaret</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Estridsen" title="House of Estridsen">House of Estridsen</a>) / <a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Pomerania" title="Eric of Pomerania">Eric XIII</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Griffins" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Griffins">House of Griffins</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Pomerania" title="Eric of Pomerania">Eric XIII</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Griffins" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Griffins">House of Griffins</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karl_Knutsson" title="Karl Knutsson">Charles (VIII)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Pomerania" title="Eric of Pomerania">Eric XIII</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Griffins" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Griffins">House of Griffins</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karl_Knutsson" title="Karl Knutsson">Charles (VIII)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_of_Bavaria" title="Christopher of Bavaria">Christopher of Bavaria</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">House of Wittelsbach</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bengt_J%C3%B6nsson_(Oxenstierna)" title="Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna)">Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna)</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Nils_J%C3%B6nsson_(Oxenstierna)" title="Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna)">Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Knutsson" title="Karl Knutsson">Charles VIII</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonde" title="House of Bonde">House of Bonde</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Bengtsson_Oxenstierna" title="Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna">Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Erik_Axelsson_Tott" title="Erik Axelsson Tott">Erik Axelsson Tott</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_I_of_Denmark" title="Christian I of Denmark">Christian I</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kettil_Karlsson_(Vasa)" title="Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)">Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Knutsson" title="Karl Knutsson">Charles VIII</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonde" title="House of Bonde">House of Bonde</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kettil_Karlsson_(Vasa)" title="Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)">Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Bengtsson_Oxenstierna" title="Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna">Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erik_Axelsson_Tott" title="Erik Axelsson Tott">Erik Axelsson Tott</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Knutsson" title="Karl Knutsson">Charles VIII</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonde" title="House of Bonde">House of Bonde</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sten_Sture_the_Elder" title="Sten Sture the Elder">Sten Sture the Elder</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_Denmark" title="John, King of Denmark">John II</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sten_Sture_the_Elder" title="Sten Sture the Elder">Sten Sture the Elder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svante_Nilsson_(regent_of_Sweden)" title="Svante Nilsson (regent of Sweden)">Svante Nilsson</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erik_Trolle" title="Erik Trolle">Erik Trolle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sten_Sture_the_Younger" title="Sten Sture the Younger">Sten Sture the Younger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_II_of_Denmark" title="Christian II of Denmark">Christian II</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Vasa" title="Gustav Vasa">Gustav (I)</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Vasa" title="House of Vasa">Vasa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1523–1654" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">1523–1654</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Vasa" title="Gustav Vasa">Gustav I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_XIV_of_Sweden" title="Eric XIV of Sweden">Eric XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Sweden" title="John III of Sweden">John III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Charles IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus" title="Gustavus Adolphus">Gustav II Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Christina, Queen of Sweden">Christina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Palatinate-Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken">Palatinate-<br />Zweibrücken</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach)</a><br /><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel">Hesse-Kassel</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1654–1751" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">1654–1751</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav" title="Charles X Gustav">Charles X Gustav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XI_of_Sweden" title="Charles XI of Sweden">Charles XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrika_Eleonora_of_Sweden" title="Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden">Ulrika Eleonora</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Sweden" title="Frederick I of Sweden">Frederick I</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Holstein-Gottorp_(Swedish_line)" title="House of Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish line)">Holstein-Gottorp</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1751–1818" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">1751–1818</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Frederick_of_Sweden" title="Adolf Frederick of Sweden">Adolf Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_III" title="Gustav III">Gustav III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf" title="Gustav IV Adolf">Gustav IV Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIII" title="Charles XIII">Charles XIII</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bernadotte" title="House of Bernadotte">Bernadotte</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="since_1818" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">since 1818</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Charles XIV John</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_I_of_Sweden" title="Oscar I of Sweden">Oscar I</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XV" title="Charles XV">Charles XV</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_II" title="Oscar II">Oscar II</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_V" title="Gustaf V">Gustaf V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_VI_Adolf" title="Gustaf VI Adolf">Gustaf VI Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span> Lineage uncertain</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>2</small></sup></span> Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_monarchs" title="List of Norwegian monarchs">Norwegian monarch</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>3</small></sup></span> Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_monarchs" title="List of Norwegian monarchs">Norwegian</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_monarchs" title="List of Danish monarchs">Danish monarch</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>4</small></sup></span> Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">king of Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sweden_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sweden_topics" title="Template:Sweden topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sweden_topics" title="Template talk:Sweden topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sweden_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sweden topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sweden_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden" title="History of Sweden">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Sweden" title="Prehistoric Sweden">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(800%E2%80%931521)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sweden (800–1521)">800–1521</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1523%E2%80%931611)" title="History of Sweden (1523–1611)">1523–1611</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1611%E2%80%931648)" title="History of Sweden (1611–1648)">Rise to become Great Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Liberty" title="Age of Liberty">Age of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_1756" title="Coup of 1756">Coup of 1756</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_Crisis_(1768)" title="December Crisis (1768)">December Crisis (1768)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1772" title="Revolution of 1772">Revolution of 1772</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavian_era" title="Gustavian era">Gustavian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_1809" title="Coup of 1809">Coup of 1809</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">Sweden–Norway union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_famine_of_1867%E2%80%931869" title="Swedish famine of 1867–1869">Famine of 1867–1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_the_late_19th_century" title="Sweden during the late 19th century">Modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrialization_of_Sweden" title="Industrialization of Sweden">Industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_I" title="Sweden during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II_(timeline)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweden during World War II (timeline)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1945%E2%80%931967)" title="History of Sweden (1945–1967)">1945–1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1967%E2%80%931991)" title="History of Sweden (1967–1991)">1967–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1991%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Sweden (1991–present)">Since 1991</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sweden" title="Geography of Sweden">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Sweden" title="List of cities in Sweden">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Sweden" title="Counties of Sweden">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Sweden">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Sweden" title="Forests of Sweden">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Sweden" title="List of islands of Sweden">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Sweden" title="List of lakes of Sweden">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_of_Sweden" title="Lands of Sweden">Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Sweden" title="List of metropolitan areas in Sweden">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Sweden" title="List of national parks of Sweden">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Sweden" title="Provinces of Sweden">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Sweden" title="List of rivers of Sweden">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Sweden" title="Wildlife of Sweden">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sweden" title="Politics of Sweden">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Sweden" title="Administrative divisions of Sweden">Administrative division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Sweden">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sweden" title="Elections in Sweden">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sweden" title="Foreign relations of Sweden">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Sweden" title="Human rights in Sweden">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Sweden">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sweden" title="Government of Sweden">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_agencies_in_Sweden" title="Government agencies in Sweden">State agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Sweden" title="Judiciary of Sweden">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Sweden" title="Law of Sweden">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Sweden" title="Law enforcement in Sweden">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Armed_Forces" title="Swedish Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_neutrality" title="Swedish neutrality">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sweden" title="List of political parties in Sweden">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sweden" title="Economy of Sweden">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Sweden" title="Agriculture in Sweden">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Sweden" title="Automotive industry in Sweden">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Sweden" title="Energy in Sweden">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_Sweden" title="Income inequality in Sweden">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">Krona <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_labour_movement" title="Swedish labour movement">Labour unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehn%E2%80%93Meidner_model" title="Rehn–Meidner model">Rehn–Meidner model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Stockholm" title="Nasdaq Stockholm">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Sweden" title="Taxation in Sweden">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sweden" title="Telecommunications in Sweden">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Sweden" title="Transport in Sweden">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Sweden" title="Tourism in Sweden">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Sweden" title="Category:Society of Sweden">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Sweden" title="Abortion in Sweden">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Sweden" title="Censorship in Sweden">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Sweden" title="Crime in Sweden">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Sweden" title="Demographics of Sweden">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sweden" title="Education in Sweden">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in Sweden">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Sweden" title="Homelessness in Sweden">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Sweden" title="Human trafficking in Sweden">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Sweden" title="Immigration to Sweden">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sweden" title="Languages of Sweden">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_counties_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Swedish counties by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedes" title="Swedes">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Sweden" title="Prostitution in Sweden">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Sweden" title="Welfare in Sweden">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Sweden" title="Women in Sweden">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden" title="Culture of Sweden">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Du_gamla,_du_fria" title="Du gamla, du fria">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Sweden" title="Architecture of Sweden">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_art" title="Swedish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Sweden" title="Coat of arms of Sweden">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_wine" title="Swedish wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_fashion" title="Swedish fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sweden" title="Flag of Sweden">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Sweden" title="Irreligion in Sweden">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_literature" title="Swedish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Sweden">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sweden" title="Music of Sweden">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Sweden" title="National Day of Sweden">National Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Sweden" title="Public holidays in Sweden">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Sweden" title="Sport in Sweden">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sweden" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Sweden">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sweden" title="Outline of Sweden">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sweden" title="Category:Sweden">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sweden" title="Portal:Sweden">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states" title="Template:Heads of state of the European Union member states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states" title="Template talk:Heads of state of the European Union member states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of the European Union member states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads of state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">member states</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen" title="Alexander Van der Bellen">Van der Bellen</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippe_of_Belgium" title="Philippe of Belgium">Philippe</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rumen_Radev" title="Rumen Radev">Radev</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Milanović</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Christodoulides</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Pavel" title="Petr Pavel">Pavel</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Frederik_X" title="Frederik X">Frederik X</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Karis</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Stubb</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Steinmeier</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Katerina_Sakellaropoulou" title="Katerina Sakellaropoulou">Sakellaropoulou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Sulyok" title="Tamás Sulyok">Sulyok</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Higgins</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Mattarella</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edgars_Rink%C4%93vi%C4%8Ds" title="Edgars Rinkēvičs">Rinkēvičs</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Nausėda</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono" title="Myriam Spiteri Debono">Spiteri Debono</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Duda</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Rebelo de Sousa</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Iohannis</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Pellegrini</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nata%C5%A1a_Pirc_Musar" title="Nataša Pirc Musar">Pirc Musar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/16px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/24px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">EU portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Template:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of state and government of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads<br />of state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Armenia" title="President of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Austria" title="President of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Belarus" title="President of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bulgaria" title="President of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="President of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Georgia" title="President of Georgia">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Greece" title="President of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Holy See (Vatican City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Hungary" title="President of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iceland" title="President of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan" title="President of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Latvia" title="President of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Moldova" title="President of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_North_Macedonia" title="President of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian Federation</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captains_Regent" title="Captains Regent">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovakia" title="President of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovenia" title="President of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Partially recognised<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Abkhazia" title="President of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kosovo" title="President of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="President of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Ossetia" title="President of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Unrecognised states<sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Transnistria" title="President of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Andorra" title="List of heads of government of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Austria" title="Chancellor of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belarus" title="Prime Minister of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Holy See (Vatican City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Liechtenstein" title="List of heads of government of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Luxembourg" title="List of prime ministers of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Moldova" title="Prime Minister of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(Monaco)" title="Minister of State (Monaco)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_North_Macedonia" title="Prime Minister of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russian Federation</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captains_Regent" title="Captains Regent">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Partially recognised<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Abkhazia" title="Prime Minister of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kosovo" title="Prime Minister of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Ossetia" title="Prime Minister of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Unrecognised states<sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Transnistria" title="Prime Minister of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.</li> <li>2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.</li> <li>3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchy_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchy_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Monarchy of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Albania (page does not exist)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Croatia (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Finland" title="Monarchy of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Germany" title="Monarchy of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Greece" title="Monarchy of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Hungary (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of the Republic of Ireland (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Italy" title="Monarchy of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Switzerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Switzerland (page does not exist)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchies" title="Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchies" title="Template talk:Monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states" title="List of current monarchs of sovereign states">List of current sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign monarchs">List of current non-sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchy_referendums" title="List of monarchy referendums">List of monarchy referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarchy" title="Diarchy">Diarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">Abdication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Abolition of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">Criticism of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy (political)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati" title="Chhatrapati">Chhatrapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen regnant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince regnant">Prince regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Africa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Africa" title="Monarchies in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_African_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent African monarchs">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Asia" title="Monarchies in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_Asian_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">Vatican City (Holy See)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Oceania" title="Monarchies in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankole" title="Ankole">Ankole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Aussa" title="Sultanate of Aussa">Aussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bagirmi" title="Sultanate of Bagirmi">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi" title="Kingdom of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gomma" title="Kingdom of Gomma">Gomma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gumma" title="Kingdom of Gumma">Gumma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Luba">Luba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merina_Kingdom" title="Merina Kingdom">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte#History" title="Mayotte">Maore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maravi" title="Maravi">Maravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li#History" title="Mohéli">Mwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjouan#Early_and_colonial_history" title="Anjouan">Ndzuwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore#History" title="Grande Comore">Ngazidja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rwanda" title="Kingdom of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilluk_Kingdom" title="Shilluk Kingdom">Shilluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Refreshment" title="Islands of Refreshment">Islands of Refreshment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia" title="Kingdom of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_Empire" title="Wassoulou Empire">Wassoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeke_Kingdom" title="Yeke Kingdom">Yeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe" title="Kingdom of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">and other</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Araucanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Talamanca" title="Kingdom of Talamanca">Talamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Trinidad" title="Principality of Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir" title="Idrisid Emirate of Asir">Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_(historical_polity)" title="Cebu (historical polity)">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty">Chehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_China" title="Monarchy of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapitan_Kingdom" title="Dapitan Kingdom">Dapitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">Indonesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Jabal_Shammar" title="Emirate of Jabal Shammar">Jabal Shammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kurdistan" title="Kingdom of Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahra_Sultanate" title="Mahra Sultanate">Mahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldivian_monarchs" title="List of Maldivian monarchs">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Najran" title="Principality of Najran">Najran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shan_States" title="Shan States">Shan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_monarchy" title="Sinhalese monarchy">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sip_Song_Chau_Tai" title="Sip Song Chau Tai">Sip Song Chau Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria" title="Arab Kingdom of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikdom_of_Upper_Asir" title="Sheikdom of Upper Asir">Upper Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_South_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirates of South Arabia">Emirates of South Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Corsica_(1736)" title="Kingdom of Corsica (1736)">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Finland_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Finland (1918)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Imereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland" title="Monarchy of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kartli-Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel#History" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Piedmont-Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Samos" title="Principality of Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tavolara" title="Kingdom of Tavolara">Tavolara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Baltic_Duchy" title="United Baltic Duchy">United Baltic Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abemama" title="Abemama">Abemama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bora_Bora" title="Kingdom of Bora Bora">Bora Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Easter_Island" title="King of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Fiji" title="Kingdom of Fiji">Kingdom of Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huahine" title="Huahine">Huahine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva" title="Mangareva">Mangareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niuē-Fekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva" title="Nuku Hiva">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Raiatea" title="List of monarchs of Raiatea">Raiatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Iti" title="Rapa Iti">Rapa Iti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimatara" title="Rimatara">Rimatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rurutu" title="Rurutu">Rurutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahuata" title="Tahuata">Tahuata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti" title="Kingdom of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commonwealth realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">princely states</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> / <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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