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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=fr.wikipedia.org&uselang=fr" class=""><span>Faire un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&returnto=Orbiteur" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire." class=""><span>Créer un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=Orbiteur" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connecter</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages pour les contributeurs déconnectés <a href="/wiki/Aide:Premiers_pas" aria-label="En savoir plus sur la contribution"><span>en savoir plus</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_contributions" title="Une liste des modifications effectuées depuis cette adresse IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_discussions" title="La page de discussion pour les contributions depuis cette adresse IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quelques_orbiteurs,_hors_ceux_de_la_Terre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quelques_orbiteurs,_hors_ceux_de_la_Terre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Quelques orbiteurs, hors ceux de la Terre</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Quelques_orbiteurs,_hors_ceux_de_la_Terre-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Quelques orbiteurs, hors ceux de la Terre</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Quelques_orbiteurs,_hors_ceux_de_la_Terre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soleil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soleil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Soleil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soleil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mercure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mercure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mercure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mercure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vénus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vénus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Vénus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vénus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Terre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lune" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lune"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Lune</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lune-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Mars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jupiter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jupiter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Jupiter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jupiter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saturne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saturne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Saturne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saturne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astéroïdes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astéroïdes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Astéroïdes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astéroïdes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comètes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comètes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Comètes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comètes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Orbiteur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 22 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Арбітальны апарат – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арбітальны апарат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Орбитален апарат – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Орбитален апарат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitador_espacial" title="Orbitador espacial – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orbitador espacial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiter_(Raumfahrt)" title="Orbiter (Raumfahrt) – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Orbiter (Raumfahrt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiter" title="Orbiter – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Orbiter" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitilo" title="Orbitilo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Orbitilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="مدارگرد – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدارگرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="מקפת – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiter" title="Orbiter – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orbiter" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengorbit_(wahana_antariksa)" title="Pengorbit (wahana antariksa) – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengorbit (wahana antariksa)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiter" title="Orbiter – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Orbiter" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC_(%E6%8E%A2%E6%9F%BB%E6%A9%9F)" title="オービター (探査機) – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オービター (探査機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B6%A4%EB%8F%84%EC%84%A0" title="궤도선 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="궤도선" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiter_(Raumfaart)" title="Orbiter (Raumfaart) – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Orbiter (Raumfaart)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="ഓർബിറ്റർ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓർബിറ്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiter_(ruimtevaartuig)" title="Orbiter (ruimtevaartuig) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orbiter (ruimtevaartuig)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banesonde" title="Banesonde – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Banesonde" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiter" title="Orbiter – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Orbiter" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Орбитальный аппарат – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Орбитальный аппарат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCnge_arac%C4%B1" title="Yörünge aracı – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yörünge aracı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Орбітальний апарат – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Орбітальний апарат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BAi-t%C5%8D-ki" title="Kúi-tō-ki – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kúi-tō-ki" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q928667#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orbiteur" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Orbiteur" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orbiteur"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orbiteur"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Orbiteur" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Orbiteur" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&oldid=217832238" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Orbiteur&id=217832238&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOrbiteur"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOrbiteur"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Orbiteur"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Orbiteur&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Orbiters_(spacecraft)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q928667" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Orbiteur_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Orbiteur (homonymie)">orbiteur (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-modere"><figure class="mw-halign-right noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:%C3%80_sourcer" title="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus."><img alt="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus.</figcaption></figure><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/45px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/68px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/90px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources</a></strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-08" data-sort-value="2024-08">août 2024</time>).</small> </p><p>Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les <b>références utiles à sa <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V%C3%A9rifiabilit%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Vérifiabilité">vérifiabilité</a></b> et en les liant à la section « <a href="/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence" title="Aide:Insérer une référence">Notes et références</a> ». </p><p><b>En pratique :</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources#Qualité_des_sources" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">Quelles sources sont attendues ?</a> <a href="/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_(%C3%89diteur_visuel)" title="Aide:Insérer une référence (Éditeur visuel)">Comment ajouter mes sources ?</a> </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Lunar_orbiter_1_(large).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Lunar_orbiter_1_%28large%29.jpg/220px-Lunar_orbiter_1_%28large%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Lunar_orbiter_1_%28large%29.jpg/330px-Lunar_orbiter_1_%28large%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Lunar_orbiter_1_%28large%29.jpg/440px-Lunar_orbiter_1_%28large%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>Sonde <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Luna orbiter 1</span></i> du <a href="/wiki/Programme_Lunar_Orbiter" title="Programme Lunar Orbiter">Programme <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Lunar Orbiter</span></i></a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dans le domaine de l'<a href="/wiki/Astronautique" title="Astronautique">astronautique</a>, un <b>orbiteur</b> ou <b>sonde orbitale</b> désigne une <a href="/wiki/Sonde_spatiale" title="Sonde spatiale">sonde spatiale</a> qui étudie une <a href="/wiki/Plan%C3%A8te" title="Planète">planète</a> ou un autre corps céleste en se plaçant en orbite autour de celui-ci. Il s'oppose principalement à l'<a href="/wiki/Atterrisseur" title="Atterrisseur">atterrisseur</a> qui est une sonde spatiale atterrissant à la surface pour une étude in situ, ainsi qu'à l'<a href="/wiki/Impacteur" title="Impacteur">impacteur</a> qui vient percuter cette surface. Il existe une quatrième catégorie de sonde spatiale qui ne fait que survoler en passant les corps célestes qu'il étudie. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Description" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Description"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'orbiteur présente des avantages par rapport à un atterrisseur. Il est beaucoup plus facile de placer une sonde spatiale en orbite que de la faire atterrir : la masse nécessaire est plusieurs fois inférieure, car les opérations permettant un atterrissage sur le sol d'une planète sont très délicates et nécessitent plusieurs tonnes d'ergols, voire un bouclier thermique (s'il y a une atmosphère). </p><p>L'orbiteur peut disposer aujourd'hui d'instruments très performants tels que <a href="/wiki/Cam%C3%A9ra" title="Caméra">caméras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spectrom%C3%A8tre" title="Spectromètre">spectromètres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9tom%C3%A8tre" title="Magnétomètre">magnétomètres</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr> Il peut balayer en quelques jours l'ensemble de la surface d'une planète en obtenant beaucoup d'informations à la fois sur la surface, l'atmosphère (si elle existe) et le sous-sol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quelques_orbiteurs,_hors_ceux_de_la_Terre"><span id="Quelques_orbiteurs.2C_hors_ceux_de_la_Terre"></span>Quelques orbiteurs, hors ceux de la Terre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Quelques orbiteurs, hors ceux de la Terre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Quelques orbiteurs, hors ceux de la Terre"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-modere"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Circle-icons-clipboard.svg/17px-Circle-icons-clipboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Circle-icons-clipboard.svg/26px-Circle-icons-clipboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Circle-icons-clipboard.svg/34px-Circle-icons-clipboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell">Cette section contient une ou plusieurs <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Liste" title="Wikipédia:Liste">listes</a>. Le texte gagnerait à être rédigé sous la forme de paragraphes synthétiques. Les listes peuvent demeurer si elles sont introduites par une partie rédigée et sourcée, de façon à bien resituer les différents éléments<small>  (août 2024)</small>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soleil">Soleil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Soleil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Soleil"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-count:3;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_5" title="Pioneer 5">Pioneer 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Pioneer 6">Pioneer 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Pioneer 7">Pioneer 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Pioneer 8">Pioneer 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Pioneer 9">Pioneer 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Helios (sonde spatiale)">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISEE_3" title="ISEE 3">ISEE-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Ulysses (sonde spatiale)">Ulysses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(satellite)" title="Wind (satellite)">WIND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Composition_Explorer" title="Advanced Composition Explorer">ACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Genesis (sonde spatiale)">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mercure">Mercure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Mercure" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Mercure"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vénus"><span id="V.C3.A9nus"></span>Vénus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Vénus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Vénus"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-count:3;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venera_9" title="Venera 9">Venera 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_10" title="Venera 10">Venera 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Venus" title="Pioneer Venus">Pioneer Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_15" title="Venera 15">Venera 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_16" title="Venera 16">Venera 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Magellan (sonde spatiale)">Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terre">Terre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Terre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Terre"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_d%27observation_de_la_Terre" title="Satellite d'observation de la Terre">Satellites d'observation de la Terre</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lune">Lune</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Lune" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Lune"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-count:3;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_33" title="Explorer 33">Explorer 33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Orbiter 1">Lunar Orbiter 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">Luna 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">Luna 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Orbiter 2">Lunar Orbiter 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Orbiter 3">Lunar Orbiter 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Orbiter 4">Lunar Orbiter 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_35" title="Explorer 35">Explorer 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Orbiter 5">Lunar Orbiter 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">Luna 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna 19">Luna 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_49" title="Explorer 49">Explorer 49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna 22">Luna 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten" title="Hiten">Hiten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine" title="Clementine">Clementine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mars">Mars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Mars" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Mars"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-count:3;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_5" title="Mars 5">Mars 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2">Viking 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Phobos" title="Programme Phobos">Phobos 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars_Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter">ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jupiter">Jupiter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Jupiter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Jupiter"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Galileo (sonde spatiale)">Galileo</a></li> <li>Juno</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saturne">Saturne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Saturne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Saturne"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassini-Huygens" title="Cassini-Huygens">Cassini-Huygens</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astéroïdes"><span id="Ast.C3.A9ro.C3.AFdes"></span>Astéroïdes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Astéroïdes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Astéroïdes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-count:3;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a>, étude de <a href="/wiki/(433)_%C3%89ros" title="(433) Éros">(433) Éros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Hayabusa (sonde spatiale)">Hayabusa</a>, étude de <a href="/wiki/(25143)_Itokawa" title="(25143) Itokawa">25143 Itokawa</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comètes"><span id="Com.C3.A8tes"></span>Comètes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Comètes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Comètes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(sonde_spatiale)#L'orbiteur" title="Rosetta (sonde spatiale)">Rosetta</a>, étude de <a href="/wiki/67P/Tchourioumov-Gu%C3%A9rassimenko" title="67P/Tchourioumov-Guérassimenko">67P/Tchourioumov-Guérassimenko</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiteur&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atterrisseur" title="Atterrisseur">Atterrisseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navette_spatiale" title="Navette spatiale">Navette spatiale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impacteur" title="Impacteur">Impacteur</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#DDDDDD;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Sondes_spatiales_objets_mineurs" title="Modèle:Palette Sondes spatiales objets mineurs"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Sondes_spatiales_objets_mineurs&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Missions spatiales vers des objets mineurs (astéroïdes, comètes)</div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="background:#DDDDDD;" colspan="2">Les dates indiquées entre parenthèses sont celles de lancement</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDDD;">Survols</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giotto_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Giotto (sonde spatiale)">Giotto</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakigake" title="Sakigake">Sakigake</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisei" title="Suisei">Suisei</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISEE_3" title="ISEE 3">ICE</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1">Deep Space 1</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Stardust (sonde spatiale)">Stardust</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Rosetta (sonde spatiale)">Rosetta</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Deep Impact (sonde spatiale)">Deep Impact</a> / <a href="/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI">EPOXI</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Lucy (sonde spatiale)">Lucy</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY+</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBR_Explorer" title="MBR Explorer">MBR Explorer</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a> (2029)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDDD;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orbiteurs</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Rosetta (sonde spatiale)">Rosetta</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Dawn (sonde spatiale)">Dawn</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psych%C3%A9_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Psyché (sonde spatiale)">Psyché</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen_2" title="Tianwen 2">Tianwen 2</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBR_Explorer" title="MBR Explorer">MBR Explorer</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Impacteur" title="Impacteur">Impacteurs</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(sonde_spatiale)#L'impacteur" title="Deep Impact (sonde spatiale)">SMART</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_2#Instrumentation_scientifique" title="Hayabusa 2">SCI</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test">DART</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Atterrisseur" title="Atterrisseur">Atterrisseurs</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philae_(atterrisseur)" title="Philae (atterrisseur)">Philae</a> (module de la sonde Rosetta, 2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBR_Explorer" title="MBR Explorer">MBR Explorer</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Mission_de_retour_d%27%C3%A9chantillons" title="Mission de retour d'échantillons">Retour d'échantillons</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Hayabusa (sonde spatiale)">Hayabusa</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos-Grunt" title="Phobos-Grunt">Phobos-Grunt</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2">Hayabusa 2</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_Exploration" title="Martian Moons Exploration">MMX</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDDD;">Survols (mission secondaire)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Galileo (sonde spatiale)">Galileo</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini-Huygens" title="Cassini-Huygens">Cassini</a> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDDD;">Projets à l'étude</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Astrobiology_Exploration_SAmple_Return" title="Comet Astrobiology Exploration SAmple Return">CAESAR</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDDD;">Projets abandonnés</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Rendezvous_Asteroid_Flyby" title="Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby">Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vesta_(sonde_spatiale)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vesta (sonde spatiale) (page inexistante)">Vesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_Kuiper_Express" title="Pluto Kuiper Express">Pluto Kuiper Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons_2" title="New Horizons 2">New Horizons 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quichotte_(concept_de_mission_spatiale)" title="Don Quichotte (concept de mission spatiale)">Don Quichotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MarcoPolo-R" title="MarcoPolo-R">MarcoPolo-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OKEANOS" title="OKEANOS">OKEANOS</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="background:#DDDDDD;" colspan="2"><sup><small>1</small></sup> Mission ayant échoué.</td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronautique" title="Portail de l’astronautique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/24px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/36px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/48px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronautique" title="Portail:Astronautique">Portail de l’astronautique</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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