CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Locomotive - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a621a947-2609-4c39-aee2-6ba0f56b6392","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Locomotive","wgTitle":"Locomotive","wgCurRevisionId":1281291966,"wgRevisionId":1281291966,"wgArticleId":17717,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from March 2025","Articles needing additional references from August 2022","All articles needing additional references","Use dmy dates from August 2023","Articles containing Latin-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018","All accuracy disputes","Articles with disputed statements from March 2025","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011","Commons category link is on Wikidata","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from January 2018","Articles with permanently dead external links","Locomotives","19th-century inventions"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Locomotive","wgRelevantArticleId":17717,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q93301","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/HXD1D_0115%40NXH_%2820180518091616%29.jpg/1200px-HXD1D_0115%40NXH_%2820180518091616%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="796"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/HXD1D_0115%40NXH_%2820180518091616%29.jpg/800px-HXD1D_0115%40NXH_%2820180518091616%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="531"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/HXD1D_0115%40NXH_%2820180518091616%29.jpg/640px-HXD1D_0115%40NXH_%2820180518091616%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="425"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Locomotive - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotive"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotive"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Locomotive rootpage-Locomotive skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Locomotive" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Locomotive" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Locomotive" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Locomotive" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classifications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classifications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classifications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Steam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Steam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_combustion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_combustion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Internal combustion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_combustion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diesel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diesel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Diesel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diesel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Electric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Direct_current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Direct_current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Direct current</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Direct_current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternating_current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternating_current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Alternating current</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternating_current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battery–electric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battery–electric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Battery–electric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battery–electric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Other types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fireless" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fireless"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Fireless</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fireless-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atomic–electric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atomic–electric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Atomic–electric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atomic–electric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fuel_cell–electric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuel_cell–electric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Fuel cell–electric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuel_cell–electric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hybrid_locomotives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hybrid_locomotives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.4</span> <span>Hybrid locomotives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hybrid_locomotives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operational role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wheel_arrangement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wheel_arrangement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Wheel arrangement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wheel_arrangement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Remote_control_locomotives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remote_control_locomotives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Remote control locomotives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remote_control_locomotives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Locomotive</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotief" title="Lokomotief – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lokomotief" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotive" title="Lokomotive – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Lokomotive" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="قاطرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قاطرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llocomotora" title="Llocomotora – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llocomotora" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mba%27yjua_%C3%B1emyiha" title="Mba'yjua ñemyiha – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mba'yjua ñemyiha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiv" title="Lokomotiv – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lokomotiv" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD" title="লোকোমোটিভ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লোকোমোটিভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E" title="Лакаматыў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лакаматыў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E" title="Лякаматыў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лякаматыў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="रेलइंजन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रेलइंजन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Локомотив – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Локомотив" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok" title="Lok – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Lok" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stlejerez" title="Stlejerez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stlejerez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotora" title="Locomotora – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Locomotora" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiva" title="Lokomotiva – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lokomotiva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiv" title="Lokomotiv – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lokomotiv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotive" title="Lokomotive – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lokomotive" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedur" title="Vedur – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vedur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotora" title="Locomotora – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Locomotora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotivo" title="Lokomotivo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lokomotivo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotor" title="Lokomotor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lokomotor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88" title="لوکوموتیو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوکوموتیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Locomotive" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inneall_traenach" title="Inneall traenach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Inneall traenach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inneal-siubhail" title="Inneal-siubhail – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Inneal-siubhail" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotora" title="Locomotora – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Locomotora" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80%EC%B0%A8" title="기관차 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기관차" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BE" title="Լոկոմոտիվ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լոկոմոտիվ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="रेल-इंजन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेल-इंजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiva" title="Lokomotiva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lokomotiva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotivo" title="Lokomotivo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lokomotivo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotif" title="Lokomotif – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lokomotif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotiva" title="Locomotiva – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Locomotiva" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8_(%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA)" title="קטר (רכבת) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קטר (רכבת)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomontip" title="Lokomontip – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lokomontip" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Локомотив – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Локомотив" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injinitreni" title="Injinitreni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Injinitreni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Локомотив – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Локомотив" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currus_tractorius" title="Currus tractorius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Currus tractorius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomot%C4%ABve" title="Lokomotīve – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lokomotīve" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiv" title="Lokomotiv – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lokomotiv" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotyvas" title="Lokomotyvas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lokomotyvas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotiva" title="Locomotiva – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Locomotiva" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotiva" title="Locomotiva – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Locomotiva" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozdony" title="Mozdony – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mozdony" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Локомотива – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Локомотива" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="തീവണ്ടി എഞ്ചിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തീവണ്ടി എഞ്ചിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="रेल्वे इंजिन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रेल्वे इंजिन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotif" title="Lokomotif – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lokomotif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotif" title="Lokomotif – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lokomotif" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Электроулав – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Электроулав" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%B3%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80" title="Зүтгүүр – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зүтгүүр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotief_(spoorwegmaterieel)" title="Locomotief (spoorwegmaterieel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Locomotief (spoorwegmaterieel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2%E8%BB%8A" title="機関車 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="機関車" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiv" title="Lokomotiv – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lokomotiv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiv" title="Lokomotiv – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lokomotiv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotiva" title="Locomotiva – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Locomotiva" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiv" title="Lokomotiv – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lokomotiv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%DB%92_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ریلوے انجن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریلوے انجن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotywa" title="Lokomotywa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lokomotywa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotiva" title="Locomotiva – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Locomotiva" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiv" title="Lokomotiv – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Lokomotiv" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiv" title="Lokomotiv – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Lokomotiv" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotiv%C4%83" title="Locomotivă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Locomotivă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antakuyukuyu" title="Antakuyukuyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Antakuyukuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Локомотив – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Локомотив" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Локомотив – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Локомотив" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Locomotive" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotive" title="Lokomotive – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Lokomotive" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiva" title="Lokomotiva – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lokomotiva" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Locomotive" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1e%C5%88" title="Rušeň – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rušeň" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiva" title="Lokomotiva – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lokomotiva" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damfmaszyna" title="Damfmaszyna – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Damfmaszyna" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Локомотива – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Локомотива" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiva" title="Lokomotiva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lokomotiva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotip" title="Lokomotip – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lokomotip" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veturi" title="Veturi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Veturi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok" title="Lok – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lok" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="உந்துப் பொறி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உந்துப் பொறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="รถจักร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รถจักร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotif" title="Lokomotif – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lokomotif" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Локомотив – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Локомотив" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%DB%92_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ریلوے انجن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریلوے انجن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotiva" title="Locomotiva – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Locomotiva" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A7u_m%C3%A1y_xe_l%E1%BB%ADa" title="Đầu máy xe lửa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đầu máy xe lửa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitur" title="Vitur – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vitur" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotiba" title="Lokomotiba – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lokomotiba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E6%9C%BA%E8%BD%A6" title="铁路机车 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铁路机车" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95" title="לאקאמאטיוו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לאקאמאטיוו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E8%BB%8A%E9%A0%AD" title="火車頭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="火車頭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E6%A9%9F%E8%BB%8A" title="鐵路機車 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鐵路機車" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumel" title="Bumel – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bumel" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q93301#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Locomotive" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Locomotive"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Locomotive"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Locomotive" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Locomotive" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&oldid=1281291966" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Locomotive&id=1281291966&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLocomotive"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLocomotive"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Locomotive&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Locomotives" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q93301" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Self-propelled railway vehicle</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the powered rail vehicle. For the type of heavy-haulage traction engine, see <a href="/wiki/Road_locomotive_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Road locomotive (disambiguation)">Road locomotive</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Locomotive_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Locomotive (disambiguation)">Locomotive (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Locomotive" title="Special:EditPage/Locomotive">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Locomotive%22">"Locomotive"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Locomotive%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Locomotive%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Locomotive%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Locomotive%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Locomotive%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R707-loco-victorian-railways.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/R707-loco-victorian-railways.jpg/260px-R707-loco-victorian-railways.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/R707-loco-victorian-railways.jpg/390px-R707-loco-victorian-railways.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/R707-loco-victorian-railways.jpg/520px-R707-loco-victorian-railways.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1489" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Railways_R_class" title="Victorian Railways R class">Victorian Railways R class</a> <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotive</a> in Australia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HXD1D_0115@NXH_(20180518091616).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/HXD1D_0115%40NXH_%2820180518091616%29.jpg/260px-HXD1D_0115%40NXH_%2820180518091616%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/HXD1D_0115%40NXH_%2820180518091616%29.jpg/390px-HXD1D_0115%40NXH_%2820180518091616%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/HXD1D_0115%40NXH_%2820180518091616%29.jpg/520px-HXD1D_0115%40NXH_%2820180518091616%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3047" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/China_Railways_HXD1D" title="China Railways HXD1D">China Railways HXD1D</a> <a href="/wiki/Electric_locomotive" title="Electric locomotive">electric locomotive</a> in China</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail transport</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aiga_railtransportation_25.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Aiga_railtransportation_25.svg/60px-Aiga_railtransportation_25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Aiga_railtransportation_25.svg/120px-Aiga_railtransportation_25.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="472" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport" title="History of rail transport">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_company" title="Rail transport company">Company types</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Infrastructure</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Railway_infrastructure_manager" title="Railway infrastructure manager">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_yard" title="Rail yard">Rail yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">Railway station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_stations" title="List of railway stations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">Railway track</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Railway_track#Maintenance" title="Railway track">Maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Gauge</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">Rolling stock</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">Bogie (truck)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_coupling" title="Railway coupling">Couplings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freight_rail_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Freight rail transport">Freight</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Locomotives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_unit" title="Multiple unit">Multiple units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_train" title="Passenger train">Passenger train</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">Inter-city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_rail" title="Regional rail">Regional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_car" title="Railroad car">Railroad cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train" title="Train">Trains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maglev" title="Maglev">Maglev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monorail" title="Monorail">Monorail</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Urban_rail_transit" title="Urban rail transit">Urban rail transit</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">Tram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_trams" title="History of trams">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">Light rail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tram-train" title="Tram-train">Tram-train</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interurban" title="Interurban">Interurban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Rapid transit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rapid_transit" title="History of rapid transit">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_guideway_transit" title="Automated guideway transit">Automated</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rail_accidents" title="Lists of rail accidents">Accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Railroad_attractions" title="Category:Railroad attractions">Attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_by_country" title="Rail transport by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_companies" title="List of railway companies">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high-speed_trains" title="List of high-speed trains">List of high-speed trains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longest_train_services" title="Longest train services">Longest train services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_modelling" title="Rail transport modelling">Modelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_museums" title="List of railway museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_undertaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway undertaking">Operating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_speed_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway speed record">Railway speed record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_subsidies" title="Rail subsidies">Subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_rail_transport_terms" title="Glossary of rail transport terms">Terminology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Australian_railway_terms" title="Glossary of Australian railway terms">AU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_North_American_railway_terms" title="Glossary of North American railway terms">NA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_New_Zealand_railway_terms" title="Glossary of New Zealand railway terms">NZ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_United_Kingdom_railway_terms" title="Glossary of United Kingdom railway terms">UK</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/20px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Train_topics" title="Template:Train topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Train_topics" title="Template talk:Train topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Train_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Train topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>locomotive</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">rail vehicle</a> that provides the motive power for a <a href="/wiki/Train" title="Train">train</a>. Traditionally, locomotives pulled trains from the front. However, <a href="/wiki/Push%E2%80%93pull_train" title="Push–pull train">push–pull</a> operation has become common, and in the pursuit for longer and heavier freight trains, companies are increasingly using <a href="/wiki/Distributed_power" title="Distributed power">distributed power</a>: single or multiple locomotives placed at the front and rear and at intermediate points throughout the train under the control of the leading locomotive.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>locomotive</i> originates from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">loco</i></span> 'from a place', <a href="/wiki/Ablative_case" title="Ablative case">ablative</a> of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">locus</i></span> 'place', and the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motivus</i></span> 'causing motion', and is a shortened form of the term <i>locomotive engine</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was first used in 1814<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to distinguish between self-propelled and <a href="/wiki/Stationary_steam_engine" title="Stationary steam engine">stationary steam engines</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classifications">Classifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Class_(locomotive)" title="Class (locomotive)">Class (locomotive)</a></div> <p>Prior to locomotives, the motive force for railways had been generated by various lower-technology methods such as human power, horse power, <a href="/wiki/Gravity_railroad" title="Gravity railroad">gravity</a> or stationary engines that drove cable systems. Few such systems are still in existence today. Locomotives may generate their power from fuel (wood, coal, petroleum or natural gas), or they may take <a href="/wiki/Power_(physics)" title="Power (physics)">power</a> from an outside source of electricity. It is common to classify locomotives by their source of energy. The common ones include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steam">Steam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Steam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">Steam locomotive</a></div> <p>A steam locomotive is a locomotive whose primary power source is a <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engine</a>. The most common form of steam locomotive also contains a <a href="/wiki/Boiler_(power_generation)" title="Boiler (power generation)">boiler</a> to generate the steam used by the engine. The water in the boiler is heated by burning combustible material – usually coal, wood, or oil – to produce steam. The steam moves reciprocating <a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">pistons</a> which are connected to the locomotive's main wheels, known as the "<a href="/wiki/Driving_wheel" title="Driving wheel">driving wheels</a>". Both fuel and water supplies are carried with the locomotive, either on the locomotive itself, in <a href="/wiki/Fuel_bunker" title="Fuel bunker">bunkers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_tank" title="Water tank">tanks</a>, (this arrangement is known as a "<a href="/wiki/Tank_locomotive" title="Tank locomotive">tank locomotive</a>") or pulled behind the locomotive, in <a href="/wiki/Tender_(rail)" title="Tender (rail)">tenders</a>, (this arrangement is known as a "<a href="/wiki/Tender_(rail)" title="Tender (rail)">tender locomotive</a>"). </p><p>The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick">Richard Trevithick</a> in 1802. It was constructed for the <a href="/wiki/Coalbrookdale" title="Coalbrookdale">Coalbrookdale</a> ironworks in <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a> in England though no record of it working there has survived.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 February 1804, the first recorded steam-hauled railway journey took place as another of Trevithick's locomotives hauled a train from the <a href="/wiki/Penydarren" title="Penydarren">Penydarren</a> ironworks, in <a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfil" title="Merthyr Tydfil">Merthyr Tydfil</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Abercynon" title="Abercynon">Abercynon</a> in South Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Vivian" title="Andrew Vivian">Andrew Vivian</a>, it ran with mixed success.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNBTrevithick_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNBTrevithick-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design incorporated a number of important innovations including the use of high-pressure steam which reduced the weight of the engine and increased its efficiency. </p><p>In 1812, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Murray" title="Matthew Murray">Matthew Murray</a>'s twin-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Rack_railway#Rolling_stock" title="Rack railway">rack locomotive</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Salamanca_(locomotive)" title="Salamanca (locomotive)">Salamanca</a></i> first ran on the <a href="/wiki/Wagonway" title="Wagonway">edge-railed</a> <a href="/wiki/Rack_and_pinion" title="Rack and pinion">rack-and-pinion</a> <a href="/wiki/Middleton_Railway" title="Middleton Railway">Middleton Railway</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Young,1923_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young,1923-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this is generally regarded as the first commercially successful locomotive.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another well-known early locomotive was <i><a href="/wiki/Puffing_Billy_(locomotive)" title="Puffing Billy (locomotive)">Puffing Billy</a></i>, built 1813–14 by engineer <a href="/wiki/William_Hedley" title="William Hedley">William Hedley</a> for the Wylam Colliery near <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>. This locomotive is the oldest preserved, and is on static display in the Science Museum, London. <a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George Stephenson</a> built <i><a href="/wiki/Locomotion_No._1" title="Locomotion No. 1">Locomotion No. 1</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/Stockton_%26_Darlington_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockton & Darlington Railway">Stockton & Darlington Railway</a> in the north-east of England, which was the first public steam railway in the world. In 1829, his son Robert built <i><a href="/wiki/Stephenson%27s_Rocket" title="Stephenson's Rocket">The Rocket</a></i> in Newcastle upon Tyne. Rocket was entered into, and won, the <a href="/wiki/Rainhill_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainhill Trials">Rainhill Trials</a>. This success led to the company emerging as the pre-eminent early builder of steam locomotives used on railways in the UK, US and much of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellis,1968_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellis,1968-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_%26_Manchester_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool & Manchester Railway">Liverpool & Manchester Railway</a>, built by Stephenson, opened a year later making exclusive use of steam power for passenger and <a href="/wiki/Rail_freight_transport" title="Rail freight transport">goods trains</a>. </p><p>The steam locomotive remained by far the most common type of locomotive until after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steam locomotives are less efficient than modern diesel and electric locomotives, and a significantly larger workforce is required to operate and service them.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Rail" title="British Rail">British Rail</a> figures showed that the cost of crewing and fuelling a steam locomotive was about two and a half times larger than the cost of supporting an equivalent diesel locomotive, and the daily mileage they could run was lower.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Between about 1950 and 1970, the majority of steam locomotives were retired from commercial service and replaced with electric and diesel–electric locomotives.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diesel,1935_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diesel,1935-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While North America transitioned from steam during the 1950s, and continental Europe by the 1970s, in other parts of the world, the transition happened later. Steam was a familiar technology that used widely-available fuels and in low-wage economies did not suffer as wide a cost disparity. It continued to be used in many countries until the end of the 20th century. By the end of the 20th century, almost the only steam power remaining in regular use around the world was on <a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">heritage railways</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locomotive_trevithick.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trevithick's 1802 locomotive"><img alt="Trevithick's 1802 locomotive" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Locomotive_trevithick.svg/250px-Locomotive_trevithick.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Locomotive_trevithick.svg/330px-Locomotive_trevithick.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Locomotive_trevithick.svg/500px-Locomotive_trevithick.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="490" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trevithick's 1802 locomotive</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locomotion_No._1..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Locomotion No. 1 at Darlington Railway Centre and Museum"><img alt="The Locomotion No. 1 at Darlington Railway Centre and Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Locomotion_No._1..jpg/180px-Locomotion_No._1..jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Locomotion_No._1..jpg/270px-Locomotion_No._1..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Locomotion_No._1..jpg/360px-Locomotion_No._1..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2058" data-file-height="1527" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <i><a href="/wiki/Locomotion_No._1" title="Locomotion No. 1">Locomotion No. 1</a></i> at Darlington Railway Centre and Museum</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_combustion">Internal combustion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Internal combustion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_Daimler_Motor-Draisine_erstmals_im_Sommer_1887_zwischen_Esslingen_und_Kirchheim-Teck_erprobt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Die_Daimler_Motor-Draisine_erstmals_im_Sommer_1887_zwischen_Esslingen_und_Kirchheim-Teck_erprobt.jpg/250px-Die_Daimler_Motor-Draisine_erstmals_im_Sommer_1887_zwischen_Esslingen_und_Kirchheim-Teck_erprobt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Die_Daimler_Motor-Draisine_erstmals_im_Sommer_1887_zwischen_Esslingen_und_Kirchheim-Teck_erprobt.jpg/330px-Die_Daimler_Motor-Draisine_erstmals_im_Sommer_1887_zwischen_Esslingen_und_Kirchheim-Teck_erprobt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Die_Daimler_Motor-Draisine_erstmals_im_Sommer_1887_zwischen_Esslingen_und_Kirchheim-Teck_erprobt.jpg/500px-Die_Daimler_Motor-Draisine_erstmals_im_Sommer_1887_zwischen_Esslingen_und_Kirchheim-Teck_erprobt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>The 1887 Daimler draisine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teplovoz_Eel2_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Teplovoz_Eel2_%282%29.jpg/250px-Teplovoz_Eel2_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Teplovoz_Eel2_%282%29.jpg/330px-Teplovoz_Eel2_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Teplovoz_Eel2_%282%29.jpg/500px-Teplovoz_Eel2_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="677" /></a><figcaption>The first useful diesel locomotive (a diesel–electric) for long distances, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_locomotive_class_E_el-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian locomotive class E el-2">SŽD Eel2</a>, 1924 in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_locomotive" title="Internal combustion locomotive">Internal combustion locomotive</a></div> <p>Internal combustion locomotives use an <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engine</a>, connected to the <a href="/wiki/Driving_wheel" title="Driving wheel">driving wheels</a> by a transmission. They typically keep the engine running at a near-constant speed whether the locomotive is stationary or moving. Internal combustion locomotives are categorised by their fuel type and sub-categorised by their transmission type. </p><p>The first internal combustion rail vehicle was a <a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">kerosene</a>-powered <a href="/wiki/Draisine" title="Draisine">draisine</a> built by <a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_Daimler" title="Gottlieb Daimler">Gottlieb Daimler</a> in 1887,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this was not technically a locomotive as it carried a payload. </p><p>The earliest <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a> locomotive in the western United States was built by the <a href="/wiki/Best_Manufacturing_Company" title="Best Manufacturing Company">Best Manufacturing Company</a> in 1891 for <a href="/wiki/Alum_Rock_Park#San_Jose_&_Alum_Rock_Park_Railway" title="Alum Rock Park">San Jose and Alum Rock Railroad</a>. It was only a limited success and was returned to Best in 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first commercially successful <a href="/wiki/Petrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrol">petrol</a> locomotive in the United Kingdom was a <a href="#Petrol–mechanical">petrol–mechanical locomotive</a> built by the <a href="/wiki/Maudslay_Motor_Company" title="Maudslay Motor Company">Maudslay Motor Company</a> in 1902, for the Deptford Cattle Market in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. It was an 80 hp locomotive using a three-cylinder vertical petrol engine, with a two speed mechanical gearbox. </p><p>In 1903, the Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Weitzer_railmotor" title="Weitzer railmotor">Weitzer railmotor</a> was the world's first <a href="/wiki/Petrol-electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrol-electric">petrol electric</a> locomotive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diesel">Diesel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diesel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Diesel_locomotive" title="Diesel locomotive">Diesel locomotives</a> are powered by <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engines</a>. In the early days of diesel propulsion development, various transmission systems were employed with varying degrees of success, with electric transmission proving to be the most popular. In 1914, <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Lemp" title="Hermann Lemp">Hermann Lemp</a>, a <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> electrical engineer, developed and patented a reliable <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">direct current</a> electrical control system (subsequent improvements were also patented by Lemp).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lemp's design used a single lever to control both engine and generator in a coordinated fashion, and was the <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> for all <a href="/wiki/Diesel_locomotive#Diesel–electric" title="Diesel locomotive">diesel–electric locomotive</a> control. In 1917–18, GE produced three experimental diesel–electric locomotives using Lemp's control design.<sup id="cite_ref-SDSG_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDSG-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1924, a diesel–electric locomotive (<a href="/wiki/Russian_locomotive_class_E_el-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian locomotive class E el-2">E<sup>el</sup>2</a> original number Юэ 001/Yu-e 001) started operations. It had been designed by a team led by <a href="/wiki/Yury_Lomonosov" title="Yury Lomonosov">Yury Lomonosov</a> and built 1923–1924 by <a href="/wiki/Maschinenfabrik_Esslingen" title="Maschinenfabrik Esslingen">Maschinenfabrik Esslingen</a> in Germany. It had five driving axles (1'E1'). After several test rides, it hauled trains for almost three decades from 1925 to 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electric">Electric</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Electric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electric_locomotive" title="Electric locomotive">Electric locomotive</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lokomotif_listrik_ESS_3200_di_Stasiun_Tanjung_Priuk..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lokomotif_listrik_ESS_3200_di_Stasiun_Tanjung_Priuk..jpg/250px-Lokomotif_listrik_ESS_3200_di_Stasiun_Tanjung_Priuk..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lokomotif_listrik_ESS_3200_di_Stasiun_Tanjung_Priuk..jpg/330px-Lokomotif_listrik_ESS_3200_di_Stasiun_Tanjung_Priuk..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lokomotif_listrik_ESS_3200_di_Stasiun_Tanjung_Priuk..jpg/500px-Lokomotif_listrik_ESS_3200_di_Stasiun_Tanjung_Priuk..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3595" data-file-height="2408" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/ESS_3200_class" title="ESS 3200 class">ESS 200</a> electric locomotive was introduced in 1925 in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>, now <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p>An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered only by electricity. Electricity is supplied to moving trains with a (nearly) continuous <a href="/wiki/Electrical_conductor" title="Electrical conductor">conductor</a> running along the track that usually takes one of three forms: an <a href="/wiki/Overhead_line" title="Overhead line">overhead line</a>, suspended from poles or towers along the track or from structure or tunnel ceilings; a <a href="/wiki/Third_rail" title="Third rail">third rail</a> mounted at track level; or an onboard <a href="/wiki/Electric_battery" title="Electric battery">battery</a>. Both overhead wire and third-rail systems usually use the running rails as the return conductor but some systems use a separate fourth rail for this purpose. The type of electrical power used is either <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">direct current</a> (DC) or <a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">alternating current</a> (AC). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastleigh_Works_geograph-2383942-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Eastleigh_Works_geograph-2383942-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/250px-Eastleigh_Works_geograph-2383942-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Eastleigh_Works_geograph-2383942-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/330px-Eastleigh_Works_geograph-2383942-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Eastleigh_Works_geograph-2383942-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/500px-Eastleigh_Works_geograph-2383942-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2367" data-file-height="1448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_70_(electric)" title="British Rail Class 70 (electric)">Southern Railway (UK) 20002</a> was equipped with both a pantograph and contact shoes.</figcaption></figure> <p>Various collection methods exist: a <a href="/wiki/Trolley_pole" title="Trolley pole">trolley pole</a>, which is a long flexible pole that engages the line with a wheel or shoe; a <a href="/wiki/Bow_collector" title="Bow collector">bow collector</a>, which is a frame that holds a long collecting rod against the wire; a <a href="/wiki/Pantograph_(transport)" title="Pantograph (transport)">pantograph</a>, which is a hinged frame that holds the collecting shoes against the wire in a fixed geometry; or a <a href="/wiki/Current_collector#Contact_shoe" title="Current collector">contact shoe</a>, which is a shoe in contact with the third rail. Of the three, the pantograph method is best suited for high-speed operation. </p><p>Electric locomotives almost universally use axle-hung traction motors, with one motor for each powered axle. In this arrangement, one side of the motor housing is supported by plain bearings riding on a ground and polished journal that is integral to the axle. The other side of the housing has a tongue-shaped protuberance that engages a matching slot in the truck (bogie) bolster, its purpose being to act as a torque reaction device, as well as a support. Power transfer from motor to axle is effected by <a href="/wiki/Gear#Spur" title="Gear">spur gearing</a>, in which a <a href="/wiki/Pinion" title="Pinion">pinion</a> on the motor shaft engages a <a href="/wiki/List_of_gear_nomenclature#Bull_gear" title="List of gear nomenclature">bull gear</a> on the axle. Both gears are enclosed in a liquid-tight housing containing lubricating oil. The type of service in which the locomotive is used dictates the gear ratio employed. Numerically high ratios are commonly found on freight units, whereas numerically low ratios are typical of passenger engines. </p><p>Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient <a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">generating stations</a>, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and <a href="/wiki/Electric_power_transmission" title="Electric power transmission">transmission lines</a> but most purchase power from an <a href="/wiki/Electric_utility" title="Electric utility">electric utility</a>. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and <a href="/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">transformers</a>. </p><p>Electric locomotives usually cost 20% less than diesel locomotives, their maintenance costs are 25–35% lower, and cost up to 50% less to run.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Direct_current">Direct current</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Direct current"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_electric_locomotive,_built_in_1879_by_Werner_von_Siemens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/First_electric_locomotive%2C_built_in_1879_by_Werner_von_Siemens.jpg/220px-First_electric_locomotive%2C_built_in_1879_by_Werner_von_Siemens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/First_electric_locomotive%2C_built_in_1879_by_Werner_von_Siemens.jpg/330px-First_electric_locomotive%2C_built_in_1879_by_Werner_von_Siemens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/First_electric_locomotive%2C_built_in_1879_by_Werner_von_Siemens.jpg/440px-First_electric_locomotive%2C_built_in_1879_by_Werner_von_Siemens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Werner von Siemens experimental DC electric train, 1879</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-and-O_electric.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/B-and-O_electric.jpg/250px-B-and-O_electric.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/B-and-O_electric.jpg/330px-B-and-O_electric.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/B-and-O_electric.jpg/500px-B-and-O_electric.jpg 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption>Baltimore & Ohio electric engine, 1895</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest systems were <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">DC</a> systems. The first electric passenger train was presented by <a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Siemens" title="Werner von Siemens">Werner von Siemens</a> at <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> in 1879. The locomotive was driven by a 2.2 kW, series-wound motor, and the train, consisting of the locomotive and three cars, reached a speed of 13 km/h. During four months, the train carried 90,000 passengers on a 300-meter-long (980-foot) circular track. The electricity (150 V DC) was supplied through a third insulated rail between the tracks. A contact roller was used to collect the electricity. The world's first electric tram line opened in Lichterfelde near Berlin, Germany, in 1881. It was built by Werner von Siemens (see <a href="/wiki/Gross-Lichterfelde_Tramway" title="Gross-Lichterfelde Tramway">Gross-Lichterfelde Tramway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Berlin" title="Trams in Berlin">Berlin Straßenbahn</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Volk%27s_Electric_Railway" title="Volk's Electric Railway">Volk's Electric Railway</a> opened in 1883 in Brighton, and is the oldest surviving electric railway. Also in 1883, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6dling_and_Hinterbr%C3%BChl_Tram" title="Mödling and Hinterbrühl Tram">Mödling and Hinterbrühl Tram</a> opened near Vienna in Austria. It was the first in the world in regular service powered from an overhead line. Five years later, in the U.S. electric <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trolleys</a> were pioneered in 1888 on the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Union_Passenger_Railway" title="Richmond Union Passenger Railway">Richmond Union Passenger Railway</a>, using equipment designed by <a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Sprague" title="Frank J. Sprague">Frank J. Sprague</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first electrically worked <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">underground</a> line was the <a href="/wiki/City_%26_South_London_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="City & South London Railway">City & South London Railway</a>, prompted by a clause in its enabling act prohibiting use of steam power.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It opened in 1890, using electric locomotives built by <a href="/wiki/Mather_%26_Platt" title="Mather & Platt">Mather & Platt</a>. Electricity quickly became the power supply of choice for subways, abetted by the Sprague's invention of <a href="/wiki/Multiple-unit_train_control" title="Multiple-unit train control">multiple-unit train control</a> in 1897. </p><p>The first use of electrification on a main line was on a four-mile stretch of the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Belt_Line" title="Baltimore Belt Line">Baltimore Belt Line</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_%26_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore & Ohio">Baltimore & Ohio</a> (B&O) in 1895 connecting the main portion of the B&O to the new line to New York through a series of tunnels around the edges of Baltimore's downtown. Three <a href="/wiki/UIC_classification_of_locomotive_axle_arrangements" title="UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements">Bo+Bo</a> units were initially used, at the south end of the electrified section; they coupled onto the locomotive and train and pulled it through the tunnels.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DC was used on earlier systems. These systems were gradually replaced by AC. Today, almost all main-line railways use AC systems. DC systems are confined mostly to urban transit such as metro systems, light rail and trams, where power requirement is less. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alternating_current">Alternating current</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Alternating current"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganz_engine_Valtellina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ganz_engine_Valtellina.jpg/250px-Ganz_engine_Valtellina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ganz_engine_Valtellina.jpg/330px-Ganz_engine_Valtellina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ganz_engine_Valtellina.jpg/500px-Ganz_engine_Valtellina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="818" /></a><figcaption>A prototype of a Ganz AC electric locomotive in Valtellina, Italy, 1901</figcaption></figure> <p>The first practical <a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">AC</a> electric locomotive was designed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Eugene_Lancelot_Brown" title="Charles Eugene Lancelot Brown">Charles Brown</a>, then working for <a href="/wiki/Maschinenfabrik_Oerlikon" title="Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon">Oerlikon</a>, Zürich. In 1891, Brown had demonstrated long-distance power transmission, using <a href="/wiki/Three-phase_electric_power" title="Three-phase electric power">three-phase AC</a>, between a <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydro-electric plant</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lauffen_am_Neckar" title="Lauffen am Neckar">Lauffen am Neckar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> am Main West, a distance of 280 km. Using experience he had gained while working for <a href="/wiki/Heilmann_locomotive" title="Heilmann locomotive">Jean Heilmann</a> on steam–electric locomotive designs, Brown observed that <a href="/wiki/AC_motor#Three-phase_AC_synchronous_motors" title="AC motor">three-phase motors</a> had a higher power-to-weight ratio than <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">DC</a> motors and, because of the absence of a <a href="/wiki/Commutator_(electric)" title="Commutator (electric)">commutator</a>, were simpler to manufacture and maintain.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they were much larger than the DC motors of the time and could not be mounted in underfloor <a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">bogies</a>: they could only be carried within locomotive bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003129_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003129-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1894, Hungarian engineer <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n_Kand%C3%B3" title="Kálmán Kandó">Kálmán Kandó</a> developed a new type 3-phase asynchronous electric drive motors and generators for electric locomotives. The new 3-phase asynchronous electric drive motors were more effective than the synchronous electric motors of earlier locomotive designs. Kandó's early 1894 designs were first applied in a short three-phase AC tramway in Evian-les-Bains (France), which was constructed between 1896 and 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1918,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003137_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003137-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kandó invented and developed the <a href="/wiki/Rotary_phase_converter" title="Rotary phase converter">rotary phase converter</a>, enabling electric locomotives to use three-phase motors whilst supplied via a single overhead wire, carrying the simple industrial frequency (50 Hz) single phase AC of the high voltage national networks.<sup id="cite_ref-Patent_Office_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patent_Office-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1896, Oerlikon installed the first commercial example of the system on the <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Lugano" title="Trams in Lugano">Lugano Tramway</a>. Each 30-tonne locomotive had two 110 kW (150 hp) motors run by three-phase 750 V 40 Hz fed from double overhead lines. Three-phase motors run at constant speed and provide <a href="/wiki/Regenerative_brake" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenerative brake">regenerative braking</a>, and are well suited to steeply graded routes, and the first main-line three-phase locomotives were supplied by Brown (by then in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Brown,_Boveri_%26_Cie" title="Brown, Boveri & Cie">Walter Boveri</a>) in 1899 on the 40 km <a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_electrification_systems#Burgdorf-Thun_Bahn" title="List of railway electrification systems">Burgdorf—Thun line</a>, Switzerland. The first implementation of industrial frequency single-phase AC supply for locomotives came from Oerlikon in 1901, using the designs of <a href="/wiki/Hans_Behn-Eschenburg" title="Hans Behn-Eschenburg">Hans Behn-Eschenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emil_Huber-Stockar" title="Emil Huber-Stockar">Emil Huber-Stockar</a>; installation on the Seebach-Wettingen line of the Swiss Federal Railways was completed in 1904. The 15 kV, 50 Hz 345 kW (460 hp), 48 tonne locomotives used transformers and rotary converters to power DC traction motors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003124_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003124-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Italian railways were the first in the world to introduce electric traction for the entire length of a main line rather than just a short stretch. The 106 km Valtellina line was opened on 4 September 1902, designed by Kandó and a team from the Ganz works.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003120–121_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003120–121-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Patent_Office_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patent_Office-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The electrical system was three-phase at 3 kV 15 Hz. The voltage was significantly higher than used earlier and it required new designs for electric motors and switching devices.<sup id="cite_ref-Kalman_Kando2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalman_Kando2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three-phase two-wire system was used on several railways in Northern Italy and became known as "the Italian system". Kandó was invited in 1905 to undertake the management of Società Italiana Westinghouse and led the development of several Italian electric locomotives.<sup id="cite_ref-Kalman_Kando2_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalman_Kando2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battery–electric"><span id="Battery.E2.80.93electric"></span>Battery–electric</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Battery–electric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battery_loco_16_at_West_Ham.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Battery_loco_16_at_West_Ham.JPG/250px-Battery_loco_16_at_West_Ham.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Battery_loco_16_at_West_Ham.JPG/330px-Battery_loco_16_at_West_Ham.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Battery_loco_16_at_West_Ham.JPG/500px-Battery_loco_16_at_West_Ham.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> battery–electric locomotive used for hauling engineers' trains, at <a href="/wiki/West_Ham_station" title="West Ham station">West Ham station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wingrove_%26_Rogers_6092.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Wingrove_%26_Rogers_6092.jpg/250px-Wingrove_%26_Rogers_6092.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Wingrove_%26_Rogers_6092.jpg/330px-Wingrove_%26_Rogers_6092.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Wingrove_%26_Rogers_6092.jpg/500px-Wingrove_%26_Rogers_6092.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A narrow-gauge battery–electric locomotive used for mining</figcaption></figure> <p>A battery–electric locomotive (or battery locomotive) is an electric locomotive powered by onboard <a href="/wiki/Electric_battery" title="Electric battery">batteries</a>; a kind of <a href="/wiki/Battery_electric_vehicle" title="Battery electric vehicle">battery electric vehicle</a>. </p><p>Such locomotives are used where a conventional diesel or electric locomotive would be unsuitable. An example is maintenance trains on electrified lines when the electricity supply is turned off. Another use is in industrial facilities where a combustion-powered locomotive (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam-</a> or <a href="/wiki/Diesel_locomotive" title="Diesel locomotive">diesel-powered</a>) could cause a safety issue due to the risks of fire, explosion or fumes in a confined space. Battery locomotives are preferred for mines where gas could be ignited by <a href="/wiki/Trolley_pole" title="Trolley pole">trolley-powered</a> units <a href="/wiki/Electric_arc" title="Electric arc">arcing</a> at the collection shoes, or where <a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance" title="Electrical resistance and conductance">electrical resistance</a> could develop in the supply or return circuits, especially at rail joints, and allow dangerous current leakage into the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Battery locomotives in over-the-road service can recharge while absorbing dynamic-braking energy.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first known electric locomotive was built in 1837 by chemist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Davidson_(inventor)" title="Robert Davidson (inventor)">Robert Davidson</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>, and it was powered by <a href="/wiki/Galvanic_cell" title="Galvanic cell">galvanic cells</a> (batteries). Davidson later built a larger locomotive named <i>Galvani</i>, exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_Society_of_Arts" title="Royal Scottish Society of Arts">Royal Scottish Society of Arts</a> Exhibition in 1841. The seven-ton vehicle had two <a href="/wiki/Direct-drive_mechanism" title="Direct-drive mechanism">direct-drive</a> <a href="/wiki/Reluctance_motor" title="Reluctance motor">reluctance motors</a>, with fixed electromagnets acting on iron bars attached to a wooden cylinder on each axle, and simple <a href="/wiki/Commutator_(electric)" title="Commutator (electric)">commutators</a>. It hauled a load of six tons at four miles per hour (6 kilometers per hour) for a distance of one and a half miles (2.4 kilometres). It was tested on the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_and_Glasgow_Railway" title="Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway">Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway</a> in September of the following year, but the limited power from batteries prevented its general use.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another example was at the <a href="/wiki/Kennecott,_Alaska" title="Kennecott, Alaska">Kennecott Copper Mine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latouche,_Alaska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latouche, Alaska (page does not exist)">Latouche, Alaska</a>, where in 1917 the underground haulage ways were widened to enable working by two battery locomotives of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> tons.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1928, Kennecott Copper ordered four 700-series electric locomotives with on-board batteries. These locomotives weighed 85 tons and operated on 750-volt overhead trolley wire with considerable further range whilst running on batteries.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The locomotives provided several decades of service using <a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93iron_battery" title="Nickel–iron battery">Nickel–iron battery</a> (Edison) technology. The batteries were replaced with <a href="/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery" title="Lead–acid battery">lead-acid batteries</a>, and the locomotives were retired shortly afterward. All four locomotives were donated to museums, but one was scrapped. The others can be seen at the <a href="/wiki/Boone_and_Scenic_Valley_Railroad" title="Boone and Scenic Valley Railroad">Boone and Scenic Valley Railroad</a>, Iowa, and at the <a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_Museum" title="Western Railway Museum">Western Railway Museum</a> in Rio Vista, California. The <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission" title="Toronto Transit Commission">Toronto Transit Commission</a> previously operated a battery electric locomotive built by <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Sharyo" title="Nippon Sharyo">Nippon Sharyo</a> in 1968 and retired in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>London Underground regularly operates <a href="/wiki/London_Underground_battery%E2%80%93electric_locomotives" title="London Underground battery–electric locomotives">battery–electric locomotives</a> for general maintenance work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_types">Other types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fireless">Fireless</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fireless"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fireless_locomotive" title="Fireless locomotive">Fireless locomotive</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Atomic–electric"><span id="Atomic.E2.80.93electric"></span>Atomic–electric</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Atomic–electric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1950s, Lyle Borst of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a> was given funding by various US railroad line and manufacturers to study the feasibility of an electric-drive locomotive, in which an onboard atomic reactor produced the steam to generate the electricity. At that time, atomic power was not fully understood; Borst believed the major stumbling block was the price of uranium. With the Borst atomic locomotive, the center section would have a 200-ton reactor chamber and steel walls 5 feet thick to prevent releases of radioactivity in case of accidents. He estimated a cost to manufacture atomic locomotives with 7000 h.p. engines at approximately $1,200,000 each.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, trains with onboard nuclear generators were generally deemed unfeasible due to prohibitive costs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fuel_cell–electric"><span id="Fuel_cell.E2.80.93electric"></span>Fuel cell–electric</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Fuel cell–electric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hydrail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrail">Hydrail</a></div> <p>In 2002, the first 3.6 tonne, 17 kW <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>-(fuel-cell)–powered mining locomotive was demonstrated in <a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Or" title="Val-d'Or">Val-d'Or</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. In 2007 the educational mini-hydrail in <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> went into service. The <a href="/wiki/Railpower_GG20B" title="Railpower GG20B">Railpower GG20B</a> finally is another example of a fuel cell–electric locomotive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hybrid_locomotives">Hybrid locomotives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hybrid locomotives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_train" title="Hybrid train">Hybrid train</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bombardier_ALP-45DP_at_Innotrans_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bombardier_ALP-45DP_at_Innotrans_2010.jpg/220px-Bombardier_ALP-45DP_at_Innotrans_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bombardier_ALP-45DP_at_Innotrans_2010.jpg/330px-Bombardier_ALP-45DP_at_Innotrans_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bombardier_ALP-45DP_at_Innotrans_2010.jpg/440px-Bombardier_ALP-45DP_at_Innotrans_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_ALP-45DP" title="Bombardier ALP-45DP">Bombardier ALP-45DP</a>, at the Innotrans convention in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are many different types of hybrid or dual-mode locomotives using two or more types of motive power. The most common hybrids are <a href="/wiki/Electro-diesel_locomotive" title="Electro-diesel locomotive">electro-diesel locomotives</a> powered either from an electricity supply or else by an onboard <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engine</a>. These are used to provide continuous journeys along routes that are only partly electrified. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/EMD_FL9" title="EMD FL9">EMD FL9</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_ALP-45DP" title="Bombardier ALP-45DP">Bombardier ALP-45DP</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three main uses of locomotives in <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_operations" title="Rail transport operations">rail transport operations</a>: hauling <a href="/wiki/Passenger" title="Passenger">passenger</a> trains, <a href="/wiki/Freight" class="mw-redirect" title="Freight">freight</a> trains, and <a href="/wiki/Shunting_(rail)" title="Shunting (rail)">switching</a> (UK English: shunting). </p><p>Freight locomotives are normally designed to deliver high starting <a href="/wiki/Tractive_effort" title="Tractive effort">tractive effort</a> and high sustained power. This allows them to start and move long, heavy trains, but usually comes at the cost of relatively low maximum speeds. Passenger locomotives usually develop lower starting tractive effort but are able to operate at the high speeds required to maintain passenger schedules. Mixed-traffic locomotives (US English: general purpose or road switcher locomotives) meant for both passenger and freight trains do not develop as much starting tractive effort as a freight locomotive but are able to haul heavier trains than a passenger locomotive.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="Over-simplified; not current; incorrect (March 2025)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Locomotive#Dubious" title="Talk:Locomotive">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most steam locomotives have reciprocating engines, with pistons coupled to the driving wheels by means of connecting rods, with no intervening gearbox. This means the combination of starting tractive effort and maximum speed is greatly influenced by the diameter of the driving wheels. Steam locomotives intended for freight service generally have smaller diameter driving wheels than passenger locomotives. </p><p>In diesel-electric and electric locomotives the control system between the <a href="/wiki/Traction_motor" title="Traction motor">traction motors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Axle" title="Axle">axles</a> adapts the power output to the rails for freight or passenger service. Passenger locomotives may include other features, such as <a href="/wiki/Head-end_power" title="Head-end power">head-end power</a> (also referred to as hotel power or electric train supply) or a <a href="/wiki/Steam_generator_(railroad)" title="Steam generator (railroad)">steam generator</a>. </p><p>Some locomotives are designed specifically to work <a href="/wiki/Steep_grade_railway" title="Steep grade railway">steep grade railways</a>, and feature extensive additional braking mechanisms and sometimes rack and pinion. Steam locomotives built for steep <a href="/wiki/Rack_railway" title="Rack railway">rack and pinion railways</a> frequently have the boiler tilted relative to the <a href="/wiki/Locomotive_frame" title="Locomotive frame">locomotive frame</a>, so that the boiler remains roughly level on steep grades. </p><p>Locomotives are also used on some high-speed trains. Some of them are operated in <a href="/wiki/Push-pull_train" class="mw-redirect" title="Push-pull train">push-pull formation</a> with trailer <a href="/wiki/Control_car" title="Control car">control cars</a> at another end of a train, which often have a cabin with the same design as a cabin of locomotive; examples of such trains with conventional locomotives are <a href="/wiki/Railjet" title="Railjet">Railjet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intercity_225" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity 225">Intercity 225</a>. </p><p>Also many high-speed trains, including all <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a>, many <a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Talgo</a> (250 / 350 / Avril / XXI), some <a href="/wiki/Korea_Train_Express" title="Korea Train Express">Korea Train Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICE_1" title="ICE 1">ICE 1</a>/<a href="/wiki/ICE_2" title="ICE 2">ICE 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intercity_125" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity 125">Intercity 125</a>, use dedicated <a href="/wiki/Power_car" title="Power car">power cars</a>, which do not have places for passengers and technically are special single-ended locomotives. The difference from conventional locomotives is that these power cars are integral part of a train and are not adapted for operation with any other types of passenger coaches. On the other hand, many high-speed trains such as the <a href="/wiki/Shinkansen" title="Shinkansen">Shinkansen</a> network never use locomotives. Instead of locomotive-like power-cars, they use <a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit" title="Electric multiple unit">electric multiple units</a> (EMUs) or diesel multiple units (DMUs) – passenger cars that also have traction motors and power equipment. Using dedicated locomotive-like power cars allows for a high ride quality and less electrical equipment;<sup id="cite_ref-hata_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hata-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but EMUs have less axle weight, which reduces maintenance costs, and EMUs also have higher acceleration and higher seating capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-hata_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hata-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also some trains, including <a href="/wiki/TGV_PSE" class="mw-redirect" title="TGV PSE">TGV PSE</a>, <a href="/wiki/TGV_TMST" class="mw-redirect" title="TGV TMST">TGV TMST</a> and <a href="/wiki/Project_V150" title="Project V150">TGV V150</a>, use both non-passenger power cars and additional passenger motor cars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_role">Operational role <span class="anchor" id="role"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Operational role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Locomotives occasionally work in a specific role, such as: </p> <ul><li><b>Train engine</b> is the technical name for a locomotive attached to the front of a railway <a href="/wiki/Train" title="Train">train</a> to haul that train. Alternatively, where facilities exist for <a href="/wiki/Push-pull_train" class="mw-redirect" title="Push-pull train">push-pull</a> operation, the train engine might be attached to the rear of the train;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot engine">Pilot engine</a> – a locomotive attached in front of the train engine, to enable <a href="/wiki/Double-heading" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-heading">double-heading</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking engine">Banking engine</a> – a locomotive temporarily assisting a train from the rear, due to a difficult start or a sharp incline gradient;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Light engine">Light engine</a> – a locomotive operating without a train behind it, for relocation or operational reasons. Occasionally, a light engine is referred to as a train in and of itself.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_pilot" class="mw-redirect" title="Station pilot">Station pilot</a> – a locomotive used to <a href="/wiki/Shunting_(rail)" title="Shunting (rail)">shunt</a> passenger trains at a <a href="/wiki/Railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway station">railway station</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wheel_arrangement">Wheel arrangement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Wheel arrangement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wheel_arrangement" title="Wheel arrangement">Wheel arrangement</a></div> <p>The wheel arrangement of a locomotive describes how many wheels it has; common methods include the <a href="/wiki/AAR_wheel_arrangement" title="AAR wheel arrangement">AAR wheel arrangement</a>, <a href="/wiki/UIC_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="UIC classification">UIC classification</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Whyte_notation" title="Whyte notation">Whyte notation</a> systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Remote_control_locomotives">Remote control locomotives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Remote control locomotives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Remote_control_locomotive" title="Remote control locomotive">Remote control locomotive</a></div> <p>In the second half of the twentieth century <a href="/wiki/Remote_control_locomotive" title="Remote control locomotive">remote control locomotives</a> started to enter service in switching operations, being remotely controlled by an operator outside of the locomotive cab. The main benefit is one operator can control the loading of grain, coal, gravel, etc. into the cars. In addition, the same operator can move the train as needed. Thus, the locomotive is loaded or unloaded in about a third of the time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_train.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/40px-P_train.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/60px-P_train.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/120px-P_train.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Trains" title="Portal:Trains">Trains portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_brake_(rail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air brake (rail)">Air brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articulated_locomotive" title="Articulated locomotive">Articulated locomotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autorail" title="Autorail">Autorail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_engine" title="Bank engine">Bank engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_plate" title="Builder's plate">Builder's plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_car" title="Control car">Control car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplex_locomotive" title="Duplex locomotive">Duplex locomotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit" title="Electric multiple unit">Electric multiple unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headboard_(train)" title="Headboard (train)">Headboard (train)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headstock_(rolling_stock)" title="Headstock (rolling stock)">Headstock (rolling stock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kry%C5%A1p%C3%ADn%27s_system" title="Kryšpín's system">Kryšpín's system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_locomotive_builders" title="List of locomotive builders">List of locomotive builders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_locomotives" title="List of locomotives">List of locomotives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trains_in_art" title="Trains in art">Locomotives in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brake_(railway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brake (railway)">Railway brakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regenerative_brake" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenerative brake">Regenerative (dynamic) brakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traction_engine" title="Traction engine">Traction engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_vehicle_resistance" title="Rail vehicle resistance">Rail vehicle resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_horn" title="Train horn">Train horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_brake" title="Vacuum brake">Vacuum brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_largest_locomotive" class="mw-redirect" title="World's largest locomotive">World's largest locomotive</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heilmann evaluated both AC and DC electric transmission for his locomotives, but eventually settled on a design based on <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>'s DC system.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy200339–41_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy200339–41-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://railwaysafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3413&Itemid=0">"Home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Railways_Africa" title="Railways Africa">Railways Africa</a>. 19 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Railways+Africa&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frailwaysafrica.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D3413%26Itemid%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=locomotive">"Locomotive"</a>. <i>(etymology)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702120934/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=locomotive">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%28etymology%29&rft.atitle=Locomotive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dlocomotive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Most Important and highly Valuable Sea-Sale Colliery, Near Newcastle-on-Tyne, to be sold by auction, by Mr. Burrell". <i>Leeds Mercury</i>. 12 February 1814. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leeds+Mercury&rft.atitle=Most+Important+and+highly+Valuable+Sea-Sale+Colliery%2C+Near+Newcastle-on-Tyne%2C+to+be+sold+by+auction%2C+by+Mr.+Burrell&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1814-02-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrancis_Trevithick1872" class="citation book cs1">Francis Trevithick (1872). <i>Life of Richard Trevithick: With an Account of His Inventions, Volume 1</i>. E.&F.N.Spon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Richard+Trevithick%3A+With+an+Account+of+His+Inventions%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=E.%26F.N.Spon&rft.date=1872&rft.au=Francis+Trevithick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110415125004/http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/rhagor/article/trevithic_loco">"Richard Trevithick's steam locomotive | Rhagor"</a>. Museumwales.ac.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/rhagor/article/trevithic_loco/">the original</a> on 15 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+Trevithick%27s+steam+locomotive+%26%23124%3B+Rhagor&rft.pub=Museumwales.ac.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumwales.ac.uk%2Fen%2Frhagor%2Farticle%2Ftrevithic_loco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/3509961.stm">"Steam train anniversary begins"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 21 February 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603021117/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/3509961.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2009</span>. <q>A south Wales town has begun months of celebrations to mark the 200th anniversary of the invention of the steam locomotive. Merthyr Tydfil was the location where, on 21 February 1804, Richard Trevithick took the world into the railway age when he set one of his high-pressure steam engines on a local iron master's tram rails</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Steam+train+anniversary+begins&rft.date=2004-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fwales%2F3509961.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNBTrevithick-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNBTrevithick_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPayton2004" class="citation book cs1">Payton, Philip (2004). <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Payton&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Young,1923-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Young,1923_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYoung2000" class="citation book cs1">Young, Robert (2000) [1923]. <i>Timothy Hackworth and the Locomotive</i> (reprint ed.). Lewes, UK: The Book Guild.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Timothy+Hackworth+and+the+Locomotive&rft.place=Lewes%2C+UK&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=The+Book+Guild&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFP._MathurK._MathurS._Mathur2014" class="citation book cs1">P. Mathur; K. Mathur; S. Mathur (2014). <i>Developments and Changes in Science Based Technologies</i>. Partridge Publishing. p. 139.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Developments+and+Changes+in+Science+Based+Technologies&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Partridge+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.au=P.+Mathur&rft.au=K.+Mathur&rft.au=S.+Mathur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNock1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Nock" class="mw-redirect" title="Oswald Nock">Nock, Oswald</a> (1977). <i>Encyclopedia of Railroads</i>. Galahad Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Railroads&rft.pub=Galahad+Books&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Nock&rft.aufirst=Oswald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ellis,1968-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ellis,1968_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHamilton_Ellis1968" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton Ellis (1968). <i>The Pictorial Encyclopedia of Railways</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hamlyn_(publisher)" title="Hamlyn (publisher)">Hamlyn Publishing Group</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">24–</span>30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pictorial+Encyclopedia+of+Railways&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E24-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.pub=Hamlyn+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Hamilton+Ellis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellis, p. 355</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r085.html">"Diesel Locomotives. The Construction of and Performance Obtained from the Oil Engine"</a>. 1935. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003122924/http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r085.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diesel+Locomotives.+The+Construction+of+and+Performance+Obtained+from+the+Oil+Engine&rft.date=1935&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmikes.railhistory.railfan.net%2Fr085.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeiklejohn1906" class="citation journal cs1">Meiklejohn, Bernard (January 1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3IfNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA8446">"New Motors on Railroads: Electric and Gasoline Cars Replacing the Steam Locomotive"</a>. <i>The World's Work: A History of Our Time</i>. <b>XIII</b>: <span class="nowrap">8437–</span>54<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World%27s+Work%3A+A+History+of+Our+Time&rft.atitle=New+Motors+on+Railroads%3A+Electric+and+Gasoline+Cars+Replacing+the+Steam+Locomotive&rft.volume=XIII&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8437-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&rft.date=1906-01&rft.aulast=Meiklejohn&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3IfNAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA8446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diesel,1935-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Diesel,1935_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r085.html">"Diesel locomotives"</a>. <i>mikes.railhistory.railfan.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003122924/http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r085.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mikes.railhistory.railfan.net&rft.atitle=Diesel+locomotives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmikes.railhistory.railfan.net%2Fr085.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWinkler" class="citation web cs1">Winkler, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.technischesmuseum.at/objekt/daimler-waggonet">"Daimler Motorwagen"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201150238/https://www.technischesmuseum.at/objekt/daimler-waggonet">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daimler+Motorwagen&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.technischesmuseum.at%2Fobjekt%2Fdaimler-waggonet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuine2024" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quine" title="Dan Quine">Quine, Dan</a> (November 2024). "The Railroad Equipment of the Yellow Aster Gold Mine Part 1: The Locomotives". <i><a href="/wiki/Narrow_Gauge_and_Short_Line_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow Gauge and Short Line Gazette">Narrow Gauge and Short Line Gazette</a></i>. Vol. 50, no. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Narrow+Gauge+and+Short+Line+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+Railroad+Equipment+of+the+Yellow+Aster+Gold+Mine+Part+1%3A+The+Locomotives&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2024-11&rft.aulast=Quine&rft.aufirst=Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lemp, Hermann. US Patent No. 1,154,785, filed 8 April 1914, and issued 28 September 1915. <i>Accessed via Google Patent Search at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents?vid=USPAT1154785&id=UhpBAAAAEBAJ&dq=1154785">US Patent #1,154,785</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121222010126/http://www.google.com/patents?vid=USPAT1154785&id=UhpBAAAAEBAJ&dq=1154785">Archived</a> 22 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on 8 February 2007.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SDSG-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SDSG_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPinkepank1973">Pinkepank 1973</a>, pp. 139–141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://izmerov.narod.ru/first/thefirst3.html">"The first russian diesel locos"</a>. <i>izmerov.narod.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430082115/http://izmerov.narod.ru/first/thefirst3.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=izmerov.narod.ru&rft.atitle=The+first+russian+diesel+locos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fizmerov.narod.ru%2Ffirst%2Fthefirst3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/electrification-of-u.s.-railways-pie-in-the-sky-or-realistic-goal">"Electrification of U.S. Railways: Pie in the Sky, or Realistic Goal? | Article | EESI"</a>. <i>eesi.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210527201918/https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/electrification-of-u.s.-railways-pie-in-the-sky-or-realistic-goal">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eesi.org&rft.atitle=Electrification+of+U.S.+Railways%3A+Pie+in+the+Sky%2C+or+Realistic+Goal%3F+%26%23124%3B+Article+%26%23124%3B+EESI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eesi.org%2Farticles%2Fview%2Felectrification-of-u.s.-railways-pie-in-the-sky-or-realistic-goal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201032737/http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/richmond.html">"Richmond Union Passenger Railway"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE History Center</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/richmond.html">the original</a> on 1 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richmond+Union+Passenger+Railway&rft.pub=IEEE+History+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieee.org%2Fweb%2Faboutus%2Fhistory_center%2Frichmond.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBadsey-Ellis2005" class="citation book cs1">Badsey-Ellis, Antony (2005). <i>London's Lost Tube Schemes</i>. Harrow: Capital Transport. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85414-293-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85414-293-3"><bdi>1-85414-293-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=London%27s+Lost+Tube+Schemes&rft.place=Harrow&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Capital+Transport&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-85414-293-3&rft.aulast=Badsey-Ellis&rft.aufirst=Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>B&O Power</i>, Sagle, Lawrence, Alvin Stauffer</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy200339–41-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy200339–41_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuffy2003">Duffy (2003)</a>, pp. 39–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003129-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003129_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuffy2003">Duffy (2003)</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_L._Simon1998" class="citation book cs1">Andrew L. Simon (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/madeinhungaryhun0000simo"><i>Made in Hungary: Hungarian Contributions to Universal Culture</i></a></span>. Simon Publications LLC. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/madeinhungaryhun0000simo/page/264">264</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9665734-2-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9665734-2-8"><bdi>978-0-9665734-2-8</bdi></a>. <q>Evian-les-Bains kando.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Made+in+Hungary%3A+Hungarian+Contributions+to+Universal+Culture&rft.pages=264&rft.pub=Simon+Publications+LLC&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-9665734-2-8&rft.au=Andrew+L.+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmadeinhungaryhun0000simo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrancis_S._Wagner1977" class="citation book cs1">Francis S. Wagner (1977). <i>Hungarian Contributions to World Civilization</i>. Alpha Publications. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912404-04-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912404-04-2"><bdi>978-0-912404-04-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hungarian+Contributions+to+World+Civilization&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Alpha+Publications&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-912404-04-2&rft.au=Francis+S.+Wagner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFC.W._Kreidel1904" class="citation book cs1">C.W. Kreidel (1904). <i>Organ für die fortschritte des eisenbahnwesens in technischer beziehung</i>. p. 315.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organ+f%C3%BCr+die+fortschritte+des+eisenbahnwesens+in+technischer+beziehung&rft.pages=315&rft.date=1904&rft.au=C.W.+Kreidel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift: Beihefte, Volumes 11–23</i>. VDE Verlag. 1904. p. 163.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elektrotechnische+Zeitschrift%3A+Beihefte%2C+Volumes+11%E2%80%9323&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=VDE+Verlag&rft.date=1904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>L'Eclairage électrique, Volume 48</i>. 1906. p. 554.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Eclairage+%C3%A9lectrique%2C+Volume+48&rft.pages=554&rft.date=1906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003137-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003137_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuffy2003">Duffy (2003)</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patent_Office-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Patent_Office_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Patent_Office_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHungarian_Patent_Office" class="citation web cs1">Hungarian Patent Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101008073106/http://www.mszh.hu/English/feltalalok/kando.html">"Kálmán Kandó (1869–1931)"</a>. mszh.hu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mszh.hu/English/feltalalok/kando.html">the original</a> on 8 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n+Kand%C3%B3+%281869%E2%80%931931%29&rft.pub=mszh.hu&rft.au=Hungarian+Patent+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mszh.hu%2FEnglish%2Ffeltalalok%2Fkando.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003124-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003124_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuffy2003">Duffy (2003)</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003120–121-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy2003120–121_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuffy2003">Duffy (2003)</a>, p. 120–121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kalman_Kando2-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kalman_Kando2_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kalman_Kando2_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omikk.bme.hu/archivum/angol/htm/kando_k.htm">"Kalman Kando"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191742/http://www.omikk.bme.hu/archivum/angol/htm/kando_k.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kalman+Kando&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omikk.bme.hu%2Farchivum%2Fangol%2Fhtm%2Fkando_k.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120712234334/http://profiles.incredible-people.com/kalman-kando/">"Kalman Kando"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://profiles.incredible-people.com/kalman-kando/">the original</a> on 12 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kalman+Kando&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprofiles.incredible-people.com%2Fkalman-kando%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStrakoš1997" class="citation book cs1">Strakoš, Vladimír; et al. (1997). <i>Mine Planning and Equipment Selection</i>. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Balkema. p. 435. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5410-915-7" title="Special:BookSources/90-5410-915-7"><bdi>90-5410-915-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mine+Planning+and+Equipment+Selection&rft.place=Rotterdam%2C+Netherlands&rft.pages=435&rft.pub=Balkema&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=90-5410-915-7&rft.aulast=Strako%C5%A1&rft.aufirst=Vladim%C3%ADr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLustig2023" class="citation web cs1">Lustig, David (21 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trains.com/trn/train-basics/abcs-of-railroading/emd-joule-battery-electric-locomotive-arrives-in-southern-california/">"EMD Joule Battery Electric Locomotive arrives in Southern California"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Trains_(magazine)" title="Trains (magazine)">Trains</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Kalmbach_Media" title="Kalmbach Media">Kalmbach Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230428043623/https://www.trains.com/trn/train-basics/abcs-of-railroading/emd-joule-battery-electric-locomotive-arrives-in-southern-california/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trains&rft.atitle=EMD+Joule+Battery+Electric+Locomotive+arrives+in+Southern+California&rft.date=2023-04-21&rft.aulast=Lustig&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trains.com%2Ftrn%2Ftrain-basics%2Fabcs-of-railroading%2Femd-joule-battery-electric-locomotive-arrives-in-southern-california%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDayMcNeil1966" class="citation book cs1">Day, Lance; McNeil, Ian (1966). "Davidson, Robert". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780415060424"><i>Biographical dictionary of the history of technology</i></a>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06042-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06042-4"><bdi>978-0-415-06042-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Davidson%2C+Robert&rft.btitle=Biographical+dictionary+of+the+history+of+technology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=978-0-415-06042-4&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Lance&rft.au=McNeil%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780415060424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGordon1910" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, William (1910). "The Underground Electric". <i>Our Home Railways</i>. Vol. 2. London: Frederick Warne and Co. p. 156.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Underground+Electric&rft.btitle=Our+Home+Railways&rft.place=London&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne+and+Co&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Renzo Pocaterra, <i>Treni</i>, De Agostini, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin1919" class="citation book cs1">Martin, George Curtis (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mineralresource01sgoog"><i>Mineral resources of Alaska</i></a>. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mineralresource01sgoog/page/n156">144</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mineral+resources+of+Alaska&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=George+Curtis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmineralresource01sgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306040601/http://utahrails.net/bingham/kcc-diesel-elec-loco.php#700-elec">"List of Kennecott Copper locomotives"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://utahrails.net/bingham/kcc-diesel-elec-loco.php#700-elec">the original</a> on 6 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Kennecott+Copper+locomotives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Futahrails.net%2Fbingham%2Fkcc-diesel-elec-loco.php%23700-elec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transittoronto.ca/subway/5510.shtml">"A Rogue's Gallery: The TTC's Subway Work Car Fleet – Transit Toronto – Content"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427041014/http://transittoronto.ca/subway/5510.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Rogue%27s+Gallery%3A+The+TTC%27s+Subway+Work+Car+Fleet+%E2%80%93+Transit+Toronto+%E2%80%93+Content&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftransittoronto.ca%2Fsubway%2F5510.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nd8DAAAAMBAJ&dq=1954+Popular+Mechanics+January&pg=PA86">"Atomic Locomotive Produces 7000 h.p."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106055318/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nd8DAAAAMBAJ&dq=1954%20Popular%20Mechanics%20January&pg=PA86">Archived</a> 6 November 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Popular Mechanics</i>, April 1954, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hata-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hata_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hata_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHata1998" class="citation magazine cs1">Hata, Hiroshi (1998). Wako, Kanji (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejrcf.or.jp/jrtr/jrtr17/pdf/f40_technology.pdf">"What Drives Electric Multiple Units?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Japan Railway & Transport Review</i>. Tokyo, Japan: <a href="/wiki/East_Japan_Railway_Culture_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="East Japan Railway Culture Foundation">East Japan Railway Culture Foundation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/http://www.ejrcf.or.jp/jrtr/jrtr17/pdf/f40_technology.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Railway+%26+Transport+Review&rft.atitle=What+Drives+Electric+Multiple+Units%3F&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Hata&rft.aufirst=Hiroshi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejrcf.or.jp%2Fjrtr%2Fjrtr17%2Fpdf%2Ff40_technology.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChurella1998" class="citation book cs1">Churella, Albert J. (1998). <i>From Steam To Diesel: Managerial Customs and Organizational Capabilities in the Twentieth-Century American Locomotive Industry</i>. Princeton: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-02776-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-02776-0"><bdi>978-0-691-02776-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Steam+To+Diesel%3A+Managerial+Customs+and+Organizational+Capabilities+in+the+Twentieth-Century+American+Locomotive+Industry&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-691-02776-0&rft.aulast=Churella&rft.aufirst=Albert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2003" class="citation book cs1">Duffy, Michael C. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cpFEm3aqz_MC"><i>Electric Railways 1880–1990</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Institution of Engineering and Technology">IET</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85296-805-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85296-805-5"><bdi>978-0-85296-805-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electric+Railways+1880%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=IET&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-85296-805-5&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcpFEm3aqz_MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEllis1988" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, Cuthbert Hamilton (12 December 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hZfNPQAACAAJ"><i>Pictorial Encyclopedia of Railways</i></a>. Random House Value Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-01305-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-01305-2"><bdi>978-0-517-01305-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pictorial+Encyclopedia+of+Railways&rft.pub=Random+House+Value+Publishing&rft.date=1988-12-12&rft.isbn=978-0-517-01305-2&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Cuthbert+Hamilton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhZfNPQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlowers2020" class="citation book cs1">Flowers, Andy (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_1zEAAAQBAJ"><i>International Passenger Locomotives: Since 1985</i></a>. World Railways Series, Vol 1. Stamford, Lincs, UK: Key Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781913295929" title="Special:BookSources/9781913295929"><bdi>9781913295929</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415114051/https://books.google.com/books?id=j_1zEAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Passenger+Locomotives%3A+Since+1985&rft.place=Stamford%2C+Lincs%2C+UK&rft.series=World+Railways+Series%2C+Vol+1&rft.pub=Key+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781913295929&rft.aulast=Flowers&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj_1zEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPinkepank1973" class="citation book cs1">Pinkepank, Jerry A. (1973). <i>The Second Diesel Spotter's Guide</i>. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: <a href="/wiki/Kalmbach_Media" title="Kalmbach Media">Kalmbach Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89024-026-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89024-026-7"><bdi>978-0-89024-026-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+Diesel+Spotter%27s+Guide&rft.place=Milwaukee%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pub=Kalmbach+Publishing&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-89024-026-7&rft.aulast=Pinkepank&rft.aufirst=Jerry+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocomotive" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Locomotives" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Locomotives">Locomotives</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11164">An engineer's guide from 1891</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602014928/https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11164">Archived</a> 2 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190224173920/http://sakhalianet.x10.mx/history_railway/locomotive_cutaways.php">Locomotive cutaways and historical locomotives of several countries ordered by dates</a></li> <li>Pickzone Locomotive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5Av-LamRJaRbXZXaFYwYVlPREE/view?usp=sharing">Model</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100218105428/http://www.steam.dial.pipex.com/">International Steam Locomotives</a></li> <li><i>Turning a Locomotive into a Stationary Engine</i>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a> monthly, February 1919, page 72, Scanned by Google Books: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7igDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA72">Popular Science</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Locomotive_design324" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Locomotive_design" title="Template:Locomotive design"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Locomotive_design" title="Template talk:Locomotive design"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Locomotive_design" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Locomotive design"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Locomotive_design324" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Locomotive</a> design</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cab_(locomotive)" title="Cab (locomotive)">Cab</a> positioning <br /><a href="/wiki/Short_hood" title="Short hood">Short hood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Long_hood" title="Long hood">Long hood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cab_forward" title="Cab forward">Cab forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharknose" title="Sharknose">Sharknose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplecab" title="Steeplecab">Steeplecab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_unit" title="Cab unit">Cab unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_unit" title="Hood unit">Hood unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowl_unit" title="Cowl unit">Cowl unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxcab" title="Boxcab">Boxcab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_control_stand" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual control stand">Dual Control Stand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wheel_arrangement" title="Wheel arrangement">Wheel arrangement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AAR_wheel_arrangement" title="AAR wheel arrangement">AAR wheel arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UIC_classification_of_locomotive_axle_arrangements" title="UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements">UIC classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_locomotive_and_railcar_classification" title="Swiss locomotive and railcar classification">Swiss classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whyte_notation" title="Whyte notation">Whyte notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valve_gear" title="Valve gear">Valve gear</a> types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephenson_valve_gear#Allan_straight_link_valve_gear" title="Stephenson valve gear">Allan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_valve_gear" title="Baker valve gear">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagnall%E2%80%93Price_valve_gear" title="Bagnall–Price valve gear">Bagnall–Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baguley_valve_gear" title="Baguley valve gear">Baguley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulleid_chain-driven_valve_gear" title="Bulleid chain-driven valve gear">Bulleid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprotti_valve_gear" title="Caprotti valve gear">Caprotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_valve_gear" title="Gab valve gear">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenson_valve_gear#Gooch_valve_gear" title="Stephenson valve gear">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresley_conjugated_valve_gear" title="Gresley conjugated valve gear">Gresley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackworth_valve_gear" title="Hackworth valve gear">Hackworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_valve_gear" title="Joy valve gear">Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhn_slide" title="Kuhn slide">Kuhn slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentz_valve_gear" class="mw-redirect" title="Lentz valve gear">Lentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_valve_gear" title="Southern valve gear">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenson_valve_gear" title="Stephenson valve gear">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walschaerts_valve_gear" title="Walschaerts valve gear">Walschaerts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">Bogie</a> types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AAR_type_A_switcher_truck" title="AAR type A switcher truck">AAR type A switcher truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnoux_system" title="Arnoux system">Arnoux system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articulated_bogie" class="mw-redirect" title="Articulated bogie">Articulated bogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissel_truck" title="Bissel truck">Bissel truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blomberg_B" title="Blomberg B">Blomberg B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogie#Cleminson_system" title="Bogie">Cleminson system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grovers_bogie" class="mw-redirect" title="Grovers bogie">Grovers bogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobs_bogie" title="Jacobs bogie">Jacobs bogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krauss-Helmholtz_bogie" title="Krauss-Helmholtz bogie">Krauss-Helmholtz bogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Bogie" class="mw-redirect" title="Mason Bogie">Mason Bogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_truck" class="mw-redirect" title="Pony truck">Pony truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_steering_truck" class="mw-redirect" title="Radial steering truck">Radial steering truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheffel_bogie" title="Scheffel bogie">Scheffel bogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt_II_bogie" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt II bogie">Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt II bogie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Running_gear_(railway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Running gear (railway)">running gear</a> elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_axle" title="Adams axle">Adams axle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axlebox" class="mw-redirect" title="Axlebox">Axlebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beugniot_lever" title="Beugniot lever">Beugniot lever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrying_wheel" title="Carrying wheel">Carrying wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_wheel" title="Driving wheel">Coupled wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_wheel" title="Driving wheel">Driving wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equalising_beam" title="Equalising beam">Equalising beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6lsdorf_axle" title="Gölsdorf axle">Gölsdorf axle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal box">Journal box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klien-Lindner_axle" title="Klien-Lindner axle">Klien-Lindner axle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading_wheel" title="Leading wheel">Leading wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutterm%C3%B6ller_axle" title="Luttermöller axle">Luttermöller axle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_axle" title="Radial axle">Radial axle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_tire" title="Railway tire">Railway tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road%E2%80%93rail_vehicle" title="Road–rail vehicle">Road–rail vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailing_wheel" title="Trailing wheel">Trailing wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_wheel" title="Train wheel">Train wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelset_(rail_transport)" title="Wheelset (rail transport)">Wheelset</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive_exhaust_system" title="Steam locomotive exhaust system">Exhaust system</a> types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giesl_ejector" title="Giesl ejector">Giesl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kylchap" title="Kylchap">Kylchap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kylpor_ejector" title="Kylpor ejector">Kylpor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lema%C3%AEtre_exhaust" title="Lemaître exhaust">Lemaître</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lempor_ejector" title="Lempor ejector">Lempor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemprex_ejector" title="Lemprex ejector">Lemprex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive_exhaust_system" title="Steam locomotive exhaust system">exhaust system</a> elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blastpipe" title="Blastpipe">Blastpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokebox" title="Smokebox">Smokebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_(locomotive)" title="Chimney (locomotive)">Chimney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1600" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93301#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4036283-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85077999">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Locomotives"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119323014">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Locomotives"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119323014">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565772">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lokomotivy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115173&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX524657">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810701803605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007533881905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&oldid=1281291966">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&oldid=1281291966</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Locomotives" title="Category:Locomotives">Locomotives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_inventions" title="Category:19th-century inventions">19th-century inventions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_March_2025" title="Category:Use British English from March 2025">Use British English from March 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2022" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2022">Articles needing additional references from August 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2023">Use dmy dates from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_accuracy_disputes" title="Category:All accuracy disputes">All accuracy disputes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_disputed_statements_from_March_2025" title="Category:Articles with disputed statements from March 2025">Articles with disputed statements from March 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2011" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2018">Articles with dead external links from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 March 2025, at 13:38<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Locomotive</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>93 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65585cc8dc-wjwds","wgBackendResponseTime":151,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.982","walltime":"1.284","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4807,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":120981,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6996,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":21,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":177685,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1107.748 1 -total"," 23.52% 260.541 2 Template:Reflist"," 12.07% 133.683 15 Template:Cite_web"," 10.98% 121.576 3 Template:Lang"," 9.85% 109.077 1 Template:Train_topics"," 8.04% 89.010 21 Template:Cite_book"," 6.29% 69.712 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.95% 65.902 5 Template:Sfnp"," 5.80% 64.239 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 5.56% 61.539 1 Template:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.617","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20225185,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndrew_L._Simon1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBadsey-Ellis2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFC.W._Kreidel1904\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChurella1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDayMcNeil1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuffy2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllis1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlowers2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrancis_S._Wagner1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrancis_Trevithick1872\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon1910\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamilton_Ellis1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHata1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHungarian_Patent_Office\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLustig2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin1919\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeiklejohn1906\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNock1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFP._MathurK._MathurS._Mathur2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPayton2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuine2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrakoš1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinkler\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung2000\"] = 1,\n [\"role\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 20,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 15,\n [\"Clear\"] = 3,\n [\"Columns-list\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 4,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Dubious\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Frac\"] = 1,\n [\"Gallery\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 3,\n [\"Locostyles\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 8,\n [\"More citations needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pinkepank diesel spotters guide 2\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 5,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Train topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 3,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-684955989f-s87fq","timestamp":"20250331180523","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Locomotive","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Locomotive","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q93301","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q93301","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-05-03T21:50:26Z","dateModified":"2025-03-19T13:38:44Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e5\/HXD1D_0115%40NXH_%2820180518091616%29.jpg","headline":"railway vehicle that provides the motive power for a train"}</script> </body> </html>