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mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idarov_Temriouk" title="Idarov Temriouk – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Idarov Temriouk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99_%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="თემრიუკ ყაბარდოელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თემრიუკ ყაბარდოელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Kabardian prince</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Temryuk Idar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Айдарыкъо Темырикъу</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grigory_Semyonovich_Pleshcheev_travels_to_Cherkasy_together_with_Prince_Temryuk,_his_son_Domanuk_and_head_of_the_archery_Grigory_Vrazhsky.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Grigory_Semyonovich_Pleshcheev_travels_to_Cherkasy_together_with_Prince_Temryuk%2C_his_son_Domanuk_and_head_of_the_archery_Grigory_Vrazhsky.png/250px-Grigory_Semyonovich_Pleshcheev_travels_to_Cherkasy_together_with_Prince_Temryuk%2C_his_son_Domanuk_and_head_of_the_archery_Grigory_Vrazhsky.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Grigory_Semyonovich_Pleshcheev_travels_to_Cherkasy_together_with_Prince_Temryuk%2C_his_son_Domanuk_and_head_of_the_archery_Grigory_Vrazhsky.png/375px-Grigory_Semyonovich_Pleshcheev_travels_to_Cherkasy_together_with_Prince_Temryuk%2C_his_son_Domanuk_and_head_of_the_archery_Grigory_Vrazhsky.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Grigory_Semyonovich_Pleshcheev_travels_to_Cherkasy_together_with_Prince_Temryuk%2C_his_son_Domanuk_and_head_of_the_archery_Grigory_Vrazhsky.png/500px-Grigory_Semyonovich_Pleshcheev_travels_to_Cherkasy_together_with_Prince_Temryuk%2C_his_son_Domanuk_and_head_of_the_archery_Grigory_Vrazhsky.png 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="971" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Grigory Semenovich Pleshcheev goes to Cherkassy (top row) together with Prince Temryuk, his son Domanuk and the head of the archers Grigory Vrazhsky (bottom row)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kabardia" title="Kabardia">Grand Prince of Kabardia</a></th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Kaytuk</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Shiapshuk</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1554–1571</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kabardia" title="Kabardia">Kabardia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1571<br /><a href="/wiki/Kabardia" title="Kabardia">Kabardia</a><br /><i>Buried in:</i> <a href="/wiki/Malgobek" title="Malgobek">Malgobek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Temryukovna" title="Maria Temryukovna">Maria Temryukovna</a>, Domanuk-murza, Mamstruk-murza, Ulgairuk-murza, Saltankul, Altynchach and <a href="/wiki/Mahidevran" title="Mahidevran">Malhurub</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Idar_of_Circassia" class="mw-redirect" title="Idar of Circassia">Idar</a> (father)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Temryuk Idar</b> or <b>Temroqwa Idar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a>: Айдарыкъо Темырикъу) was a prince of the <a href="/wiki/Circassia" title="Circassia">Circassian</a> Kabardian princedom and its head of power for part of the sixteenth century. His fame was largely due to the association of his name with the alliance with <a href="/wiki/Ivan_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan IV">Ivan IV</a> and the marriage of his daughter, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Temryukovna" title="Maria Temryukovna">Maria Temryukovna</a>. When Temryuk came to power, he put down the revolts of the disputing princes, and helped <a href="/wiki/Circassia" title="Circassia">Circassia</a> become a military power within the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alliance_with_Ivan_the_Terrible">Alliance with Ivan the Terrible</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temryuk_Idar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Alliance with Ivan the Terrible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Temroqwa was skilled ruler and military leader. He noticed the increasing military support from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> and feared this would affect the <a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassians</a>' ability to thwart any possible assault. Temroqwa explored the possible allies, and settled his choice on the <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsarist Russia</a>. In 1557, Temroqwa sent a delegation to Moscow to seek alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a>. The delegation included his sons Sultan Qul and Bulat Gery, who were welcomed by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Ivan the Terrible</a>. Ivan agreed to join the alliance with Kabardia.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on the treaty of alliance between the Circassians and the Russians, Circassian cavalry forces participated in several battles with the Russian army in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baltics" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltics">Baltics</a>. Ivan supported Temroqwa's goal to extend his power inside Circassia and to unify the lands of Circassians under his reign. Temroqwa established a fort in <a href="/wiki/Mozdok" title="Mozdok">Mozdok</a> that enabled the Circassian and Russian forces to perform joint training. <a href="/wiki/Ossetia" title="Ossetia">Ossetian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ingushetian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingushetian">Ingushetian</a> lands, as well as the Turkic people, became subjects of the Kabardian raising power. Temroqwa's expansion extended towards the Georgian kingdoms in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1560, <a href="/wiki/Anastasia_Romanovna" title="Anastasia Romanovna">Anastasia Romanovna</a>, Ivan's first wife, died. It was proposed that Ivan would marry <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Jagiellon" title="Catherine Jagiellon">Catherine Jagiellon</a> in order to strengthen diplomatic relations with Poland. However Ivan instead decided to marry Temroqwa's daughter, Gwashanay. A high-level delegation was sent to betroth Gwashanay. She was accompanied by her brother, Sultan Qul, on her way to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. Gwashanay was later baptized and became known as Maria Temryukovna. Her brother married the daughter of a member of the tsar's entourage who handled the state treasury. He was later baptized and became known as Mikhael.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In several narratives, Temroqwa was described as a tyrant who only cared about his rule. However, after his death, many elegies were written for him. Temroqwa allied with <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsarist Russia</a> under the belief of unity against shared enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1556 Temroqwa led a military campaign against the Tatars. He managed to expel the Tatars from the Circassian lands and to chase the fleeing troops until <a href="/wiki/Taman_Peninsula" title="Taman Peninsula">Taman Peninsula</a>. There, Temroqwa established the city which is now known as <a href="/wiki/Temryuk" title="Temryuk">Temryuk</a>. In 1569, in an attempt to push back the Russian forces, Tatar-Ottoman joint troops attacked the city of <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kazan" title="Khanate of Kazan">Khanate of Kazan</a>. The joint troops were annihilated by a sudden attack from Temroqwa. Temroqwa kept his advance until north of the <a href="/wiki/Don_(river)" title="Don (river)">Don</a> and established the city of known today as <a href="/wiki/Novocherkassk" title="Novocherkassk">Novocherkassk</a> (New Circassia) near <a href="/wiki/Rustov" title="Rustov">Rustov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temryuk_Idar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1570, the Tatars swept and burned <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. During their retreat, Tatar forces marched towards northwestern Circassia in 1571. Temroqwa, against the advice of his counsellors, launched a counter attack. He disregarded that Tatars had mounted an enormous army of 130,000 soldiers from Qazan, Astrakhan and the Ottoman Empire, and that Russia would not assist him in his counterstrike due to the severe losses. Temroqwa chose to face the <a href="/wiki/Tatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatar">Tatar</a> army rather than being described as cowardly. The battle took place on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Kuban_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuban river">Kuban</a> where Temroqwa was killed and two of his sons, Mashoqwa and Bulat Gery, were captured.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temryuk_Idar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDemidova" class="citation web cs1">Demidova, N.F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrono.info/biograf/bio_t/temryuk.php">"Temruk Idarovich"</a>. <i>Hrono</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrono&rft.atitle=Temruk+Idarovich&rft.aulast=Demidova&rft.aufirst=N.F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrono.info%2Fbiograf%2Fbio_t%2Ftemryuk.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemryuk+Idar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibliotekar.ru/karamzin/70.htm">"<i>Domestic and foreign policy of Ivan the Terrible.</i>"</a>. <i>Bibliotekar</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bibliotekar&rft.atitle=Domestic+and+foreign+policy+of+Ivan+the+Terrible.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbibliotekar.ru%2Fkaramzin%2F70.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemryuk+Idar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Khasht, Ali. <i>Circassian Prince Temroqwa Idar.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronevsky" class="citation web cs1">Bronevsky, S.N. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus9/Bronevskij/frametext1.htm">"<i>Historical summary on Russia's relations with Persia, Georgia and with the mountain peoples of the Caucasus</i>"</a>. <i>Vostlit</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vostlit&rft.atitle=Historical+summary+on+Russia%27s+relations+with+Persia%2C+Georgia+and+with+the+mountain+peoples+of+the+Caucasus&rft.aulast=Bronevsky&rft.aufirst=S.N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vostlit.info%2FTexts%2Frus9%2FBronevskij%2Fframetext1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemryuk+Idar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temryuk_Idar&oldid=1248674892">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temryuk_Idar&oldid=1248674892</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1571_deaths" title="Category:1571 deaths">1571 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchs_of_Kabardia" title="Category:Monarchs of Kabardia">Monarchs of Kabardia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Converts_to_Islam_from_Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Category:Converts to Islam from Eastern Orthodoxy">Converts to Islam from Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_unknown" title="Category:Year of birth unknown">Year of birth unknown</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 September 2024, at 20:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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