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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birth_and_family_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_and_family_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.1 Birth and family background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_and_family_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St._Petersburg,_Poltava,_and_Saratov" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St._Petersburg,_Poltava,_and_Saratov"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.2 St. Petersburg, Poltava, and Saratov </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St._Petersburg,_Poltava,_and_Saratov-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_travels:_1849–1869" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_travels:_1849–1869"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 World travels: 1849–1869 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_travels:_1849–1869-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tibet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tibet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 Tibet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tibet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Later life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Later life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Embracing_Spiritualism_and_establishing_Theosophy:_1870–1878" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embracing_Spiritualism_and_establishing_Theosophy:_1870–1878"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Embracing Spiritualism and establishing Theosophy: 1870–1878 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embracing_Spiritualism_and_establishing_Theosophy:_1870–1878-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arriving_in_New_York_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arriving_in_New_York_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Arriving in New York City </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arriving_in_New_York_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meeting_Henry_Steel_Olcott_and_the_foundation_of_the_Theosophical_Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meeting_Henry_Steel_Olcott_and_the_foundation_of_the_Theosophical_Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Meeting Henry Steel Olcott and the foundation of the Theosophical Society </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meeting_Henry_Steel_Olcott_and_the_foundation_of_the_Theosophical_Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isis_Unveiled" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isis_Unveiled"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Isis Unveiled </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isis_Unveiled-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India:_1879–1885" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India:_1879–1885"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 India: 1879–1885 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India:_1879–1885-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_years_in_Europe:_1885–1891" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_years_in_Europe:_1885–1891"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Final years in Europe: 1885–1891 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_years_in_Europe:_1885–1891-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publishing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publishing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Publishing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publishing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annie_Besant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annie_Besant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Annie Besant </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annie_Besant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Socio-political_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socio-political_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Socio-political beliefs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socio-political_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theories_and_doctrines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theories_and_doctrines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Theories and doctrines </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Theories_and_doctrines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Theories and doctrines subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Theories_and_doctrines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theosophy,_the_Masters,_and_the_"Ancient_Wisdom"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theosophy,_the_Masters,_and_the_"Ancient_Wisdom""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Theosophy, the Masters, and the "Ancient Wisdom" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theosophy,_the_Masters,_and_the_"Ancient_Wisdom"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theology,_cosmogony,_and_the_place_of_humanity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theology,_cosmogony,_and_the_place_of_humanity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Theology, cosmogony, and the place of humanity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theology,_cosmogony,_and_the_place_of_humanity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Influence </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Influence subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theosophical_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theosophical_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Theosophical movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theosophical_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_esotericism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_esotericism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Western esotericism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_esotericism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Linguistics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Asian_religion_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asian_religion_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 South Asian religion and politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Asian_religion_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 General bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Helena Blavatsky</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" > 53 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A" title="هيلينا بتروفنا بلافاتسكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيلينا بتروفنا بلافاتسكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelena_Blavatskaya" title="Yelena Blavatskaya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yelena Blavatskaya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Елена Блаватска – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Елена Блаватска" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Petrovna_Blavatsk%C3%A1" title="Helena Petrovna Blavatská – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Helena Petrovna Blavatská" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Petrovna_Blavatsky" title="Helena Petrovna Blavatsky – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Helena Petrovna Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Petrovna_Blavatsky" title="Helena Petrovna Blavatsky – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Helena Petrovna Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelena_Blavatskaja" title="Jelena Blavatskaja – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jelena Blavatskaja" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%85" title="Ελένα Μπλαβάτσκυ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελένα Μπλαβάτσκυ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatskij" title="Helena Blavatskij – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Helena Blavatskij" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="هلنا بلاواتسکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هلنا بلاواتسکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%A0%88%EB%82%98_%EB%B8%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%B0%94%EC%B8%A0%ED%82%A4" title="헬레나 블라바츠키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헬레나 블라바츠키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D4%B2%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1" title="Ելենա Բլավատսկայա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ելենա Բլավատսկայա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="हैलीना ब्लावाट्स्की – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हैलीना ब्लावाट्स्की" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelena_Petrovna_Blavatskaja" title="Jelena Petrovna Blavatskaja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jelena Petrovna Blavatskaja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.P._Blavatsky" title="H.P. Blavatsky – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="H.P. Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%A7%D7%99" title="הלנה בלוואצקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הלנה בלוואצקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ელენა ბლავატსკაია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელენა ბლავატსკაია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C4%BCena_Blavatska" title="Jeļena Blavatska – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jeļena Blavatska" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatskaja" title="Helena Blavatskaja – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Helena Blavatskaja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мадам Блаватска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мадам Блаватска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="هيلينا بتروفنا بلافاتسكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيلينا بتروفنا بلافاتسكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BBP%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%84%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" title="ヘレナ・P・ブラヴァツキー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘレナ・P・ブラヴァツキー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Petrovna_Blavatsky" title="Helena Petrovna Blavatsky – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Helena Petrovna Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Petrovna_Blavatsky" title="Helena Petrovna Blavatsky – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Helena Petrovna Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%BC%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="هيلينا بلاوټسکي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هيلينا بلاوټسکي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_B%C5%82awatska" title="Helena Bławatska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Helena Bławatska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_Blavatschi" title="Elena Blavatschi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Elena Blavatschi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Блаватская, Елена Петровна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Блаватская, Елена Петровна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsk%C3%A1" title="Helena Blavatská – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Helena Blavatská" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Хелена Блавацки – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хелена Блавацки" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._P._Blavatsky" title="H. P. Blavatsky – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="H. P. Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="எலனா பிளவாத்ஸ்கி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எலனா பிளவாத்ஸ்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Елена Блаватская – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Елена Блаватская" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80" title="హెలీనా బ్లావట్‌స్కీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హెలీనా బ్లావట్‌స్కీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Petrovna_Blavatsky" title="Helena Petrovna Blavatsky – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Helena Petrovna Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Блаватська Олена Петрівна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Блаватська Олена Петрівна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Helena Blavatsky" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%80%AB%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="海倫娜·布拉瓦茨基 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海倫娜·布拉瓦茨基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189454#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Russian mystic and author (1831–1891)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is Petrovna and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is Blavatsky.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Helena Blavatsky</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Helena_Petrovna_Blavatsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Helena_Petrovna_Blavatsky.jpg/220px-Helena_Petrovna_Blavatsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Helena_Petrovna_Blavatsky.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="438" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Blavatsky in 1877</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Yelena Petrovna von Hahn</div> 12 August [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 31 July] 1831 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Yekaterinoslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Yekaterinoslav">Yekaterinoslav</a>, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 May 1891(1891-05-08) (aged 59) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isis_Unveiled" title="Isis Unveiled">Isis Unveiled</a> (1877) <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Doctrine" title="The Secret Doctrine">The Secret Doctrine</a> (1888)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_philosophy" title="Modern philosophy">Modern philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th-century_philosophy" title="19th-century philosophy">19th-century philosophy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Russian_philosophy" title="Russian philosophy">Russian philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_(Blavatskian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosophy (Blavatskian)">Theosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society" title="Theosophical Society">Theosophical Society</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main interests</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable ideas</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causeless_cause" class="mw-redirect" title="Causeless cause">Causeless cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_of_the_Ancient_Wisdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Masters of the Ancient Wisdom">Masters of the Ancient Wisdom</a></li> <li>The Seven <a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shaktis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devis</a> <a href="/wiki/Prakriti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakriti">Prakriti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iccha-shakti" title="Iccha-shakti">Iccha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jnana" class="mw-redirect" title="Jnana">Jnana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kriya">Kriya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kundalini" title="Kundalini">Kundalini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mantrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantrika">Mantrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parashakti" title="Parashakti">Para</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_mysticism" title="Theosophical mysticism">Theosophical mysticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Theosophical_Society_Seal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Theosophical Society emblem with the ankh symbol in a seal of Solomon encircled by the ouroboros, topped by a swastika and the om ligature and surrounded by the motto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Theosophical_Society_Seal.jpg" decoding="async" width="229" height="239" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="239" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Founders</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helena Blavatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Quan_Judge" title="William Quan Judge">William Quan Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Steel_Olcott" title="Henry Steel Olcott">Henry Steel Olcott</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Theosophists</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Cooper-Oakley" title="Isabel Cooper-Oakley">Isabel Cooper-Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crosbie" title="Robert Crosbie">Robert Crosbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Doubleday" title="Abner Doubleday">Abner Doubleday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hodson" title="Geoffrey Hodson">Geoffrey Hodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavan_N._Iyer" title="Raghavan N. Iyer">Raghavan N. Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Wassily Kandinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Keightley" title="Archibald Keightley">Archibald Keightley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._W._Leadbeater" class="mw-redirect" title="C. W. Leadbeater">C. W. Leadbeater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._R._S._Mead" title="G. R. S. Mead">G. R. S. Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_E._Powell" title="Arthur E. Powell">Arthur E. Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Morgan_Pryse" title="James Morgan Pryse">James Morgan Pryse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallapragada_Subba_Row" title="Tallapragada Subba Row">Subba Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scott-Elliot" title="William Scott-Elliot">William Scott-Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Percy_Sinnett" title="Alfred Percy Sinnett">Alfred Percy Sinnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Rudolf Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stonehouse" title="Brian Stonehouse">Brian Stonehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Tingley" title="Katherine Tingley">Katherine Tingley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Wood" title="Ernest Wood">Ernest Wood</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Concepts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Root_races" class="mw-redirect" title="Root races">Root races</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_rays#In_Theosophy" title="Seven rays">Seven rays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_mysticism" title="Theosophical mysticism">Theosophical mysticism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Organizations</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society" title="Theosophical Society">Theosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society_Adyar" title="Theosophical Society Adyar">Theosophical Society Adyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society_in_America" title="Theosophical Society in America">Theosophical Society in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society_in_America_(Hargrove)" title="Theosophical Society in America (Hargrove)">Theosophical Society in America (Hargrove)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society_Pasadena" title="Theosophical Society Pasadena">Theosophical Society Pasadena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society_Point_Loma_-_Blavatskyhouse" title="Theosophical Society Point Loma - Blavatskyhouse">Theosophical Society Point Loma - Blavatskyhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Lodge_of_Theosophists" title="United Lodge of Theosophists">United Lodge of Theosophists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Texts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_the_Feet_of_the_Master" title="At the Feet of the Master">At the Feet of the Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Dzyan" title="Book of Dzyan">Book of Dzyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Buddhism_(book)" title="Esoteric Buddhism (book)">Esoteric Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis_Unveiled" title="Isis Unveiled">Isis Unveiled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Key_to_Theosophy" title="The Key to Theosophy">The Key to Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Doctrine" title="The Secret Doctrine">The Secret Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosophical Glossary">Theosophical Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_of_the_Silence" title="The Voice of the Silence">The Voice of the Silence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Publications</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_(magazine)" title="Lucifer (magazine)">Lucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunrise (magazine)">Sunrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Theosophist" title="The Theosophist">The Theosophist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Masters</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuthumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuthumi">Kuthumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya_(Theosophy)" title="Maitreya (Theosophy)">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Hilarion" title="Master Hilarion">Master Hilarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Jesus" title="Master Jesus">Master Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morya_(Theosophy)" title="Morya (Theosophy)">Morya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Germain_(Theosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Germain (Theosophy)">St. Germain</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Comparative</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Theosophy" title="Buddhism and Theosophy">Buddhism and Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Theosophy" title="Christianity and Theosophy">Christianity and Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Theosophy" title="Hinduism and Theosophy">Hinduism and Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_and_literature" title="Theosophy and literature">Theosophy and literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_and_visual_arts" title="Theosophy and visual arts">Theosophy and visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_and_Western_philosophy" title="Theosophy and Western philosophy">Theosophy and Western philosophy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Yoga" title="Agni Yoga">Agni Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bailey" title="Alice Bailey">Alice Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascended_Master_Teachings" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascended Master Teachings">Ascended Master Teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esotericism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esotericism">Esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiddu_Krishnamurti" title="Jiddu Krishnamurti">Jiddu Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Catholic_Church" title="Liberal Catholic Church">Liberal Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_of_the_Ancient_Wisdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Masters of the Ancient Wisdom">Masters of the Ancient Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Theosophy" title="Neo-Theosophy">Neo-Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">Occultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_in_the_East" title="Order of the Star in the East">Order of the Star in the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perennial_philosophy" title="Perennial philosophy">Perennial philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plane_(esotericism)" title="Plane (esotericism)">Plane (esotericism)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theosophy" title="Template:Theosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Theosophy" title="Template talk:Theosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Theosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Theosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Esotericism" title="Category:Esotericism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">Esotericism</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:10px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esoteric symbolism"><img alt="Esoteric symbolism" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg/90px-Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg/135px-Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg/180px-Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Key concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_esotericism" title="Eastern esotericism">Eastern esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosis" title="Gnosis">Gnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystical_theology" title="Mystical theology">Mystical theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(perennialism)" title="Traditionalism (perennialism)">Traditionalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Rites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_light" title="Body of light">Body of light</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric transmission">Esoteric transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Evocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiation" title="Initiation">Initiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propitiation" title="Propitiation">Propitiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_passage" title="Rite of passage">Rite of passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">Ritual purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Societies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%E2%88%B4A%E2%88%B4" title="A∴A∴">A∴A∴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lus_Co%C3%ABns" class="mw-redirect" title="Élus Coëns">Élus Coëns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinism" title="Martinism">Martinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosicrucianism" title="Rosicrucianism">Rosicrucianism</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Tariqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhonian_Order" title="Typhonian Order">Typhonian Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">List of magical organizations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Notable figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Blavatsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Blavatsky">Blavatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme" title="Jakob Böhme">Böhme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Burckhardt" title="Titus Burckhardt">Burckhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Faivre" title="Antoine Faivre">Faivre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gurdjieff" title="George Gurdjieff">Gurdjieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manly_P._Hall" title="Manly P. Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Lavey" class="mw-redirect" title="Anton Lavey">Lavey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89liphas_L%C3%A9vi" title="Éliphas Lévi">Lévi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Liddell_Mathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Liddell Mathers">Mathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Oldmeadow" title="Harry Oldmeadow">Oldmeadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithjof_Schuon" title="Frithjof Schuon">Schuon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Edward_Waite" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Edward Waite">Waite</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Neo-Nazism" title="Esoteric Neo-Nazism">Esoteric Hitlerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Esotericism" title="Template:Esotericism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Esotericism" title="Template talk:Esotericism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Esotericism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Esotericism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Helena Petrovna Blavatsky<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Hahn von Rottenstern; 12 August [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 31 July] 1831 – 8 May 1891), often known as Madame Blavatsky, was a Russian and American <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystic</a> and author who co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society" title="Theosophical Society">Theosophical Society</a> in 1875. She gained an international following as the primary founder of <a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a> as a belief system. Born into an aristocratic family in <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinoslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Yekaterinoslav">Yekaterinoslav</a>, then in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a> in Ukraine), Blavatsky traveled widely around the empire as a child. Largely self-educated, she developed an interest in <a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a> during her teenage years. According to her later claims, in 1849 she embarked on a series of world travels, visiting Europe, the Americas, and India. She also claimed that during this period she encountered a group of spiritual adepts, the "<a href="/wiki/Masters_of_the_Ancient_Wisdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Masters of the Ancient Wisdom">Masters of the Ancient Wisdom</a>", who sent her to <a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a>, Tibet, where they trained her to develop a deeper understanding of the synthesis of religion, philosophy, and science. Both contemporary critics and later biographers have argued that some or all of these foreign visits were fictitious, and that she spent this period in Europe. By the early 1870s, Blavatsky was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualist</a> movement; although defending the genuine existence of Spiritualist phenomena, she argued against the mainstream Spiritualist idea that the entities contacted were the spirits of the dead. Relocating to the United States in 1873, she befriended <a href="/wiki/Henry_Steel_Olcott" title="Henry Steel Olcott">Henry Steel Olcott</a> and rose to public attention as a spirit medium, attention that included public accusations of fraudulence. In 1875, New York City, Blavatsky co-founded the Theosophical Society with Olcott and <a href="/wiki/William_Quan_Judge" title="William Quan Judge">William Quan Judge</a>. In 1877, she published <a href="/wiki/Isis_Unveiled" title="Isis Unveiled">Isis Unveiled</a>, a book outlining her Theosophical world-view. Associating it closely with the esoteric doctrines of <a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a>, Blavatsky described Theosophy as "the synthesis of science, religion and philosophy", proclaiming that it was reviving an "Ancient Wisdom" which underlay all the world's religions. In 1880, she and Olcott moved to India, where the Society tried to make allies to the <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu reform movement">Hindu reform movement</a>. On March 26, 1882 Maharishi Dayananda spoke about the Humbuggery of the Theosophists. That same year, while in <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a>, she and Olcott became the first people from the United States to formally convert to Buddhism.<a href="#cite_note-Pierce-2">[1]</a> Although opposed by the British colonial administration, Theosophy spread rapidly in India but experienced internal problems after <a href="/wiki/Coulomb_Affair" title="Coulomb Affair">Blavatsky was accused</a> of producing fraudulent paranormal phenomena. In ailing health, in 1885 she returned to Europe, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Blavatsky_Lodge" title="Blavatsky Lodge">Blavatsky Lodge</a> in London. There she published <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Doctrine" title="The Secret Doctrine">The Secret Doctrine</a>, a commentary on what she claimed were ancient Tibetan manuscripts, as well as two further books, <a href="/wiki/The_Key_to_Theosophy" title="The Key to Theosophy">The Key to Theosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Voice_of_the_Silence" title="The Voice of the Silence">The Voice of the Silence</a>. She died of <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a> in 1891. Blavatsky was a controversial figure during her lifetime, championed by supporters as an enlightened sage and derided as a charlatan by critics. Her Theosophical doctrines influenced the spread of Hindu and Buddhist ideas in the West as well as the development of Western esoteric currents like <a href="/wiki/Ariosophy" title="Ariosophy">Ariosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> Movement. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Developing a reliable account of Blavatsky's life has proved difficult for biographers because in later life she deliberately provided contradictory accounts and falsifications about her own past.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012xii–xiii-3">[2]</a> Furthermore, very few of her own writings written before 1873 survive, meaning that biographers must rely heavily on these unreliable later accounts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200423-4">[3]</a> The accounts of her early life provided by her family members have also been considered dubious by biographers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012xvi-5">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood:_1831–1849">Childhood: 1831–1849</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood: 1831–1849">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Birth_and_family_background">Birth and family background</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Birth and family background">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ekaterinoslav_XIXth_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ekaterinoslav_XIXth_century.jpg/290px-Ekaterinoslav_XIXth_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ekaterinoslav_XIXth_century.jpg/435px-Ekaterinoslav_XIXth_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ekaterinoslav_XIXth_century.jpg/580px-Ekaterinoslav_XIXth_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>An illustration of Yekaterinoslav – Blavatsky's birthplace – as it appeared in the early 19th century</figcaption></figure> Blavatsky was born as Helena Petrovna Hahn von Rottenstern in the town of <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinoslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Yekaterinoslav">Yekaterinoslav</a>, then part of the Russian Empire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston19938Goodrick-Clarke20042Lachman20125-6">[5]</a> Her birth date was 12 August 1831, although according to the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> used in 19th-century Russia it was 31 July.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston19938–9Santucci2006177Lachman20125Сенкевич201034-7">[6]</a> Immediately after her birth, she was <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptized</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198021Cranston19939-8">[7]</a> At the time, Yekaterinoslav was undergoing a <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> epidemic, and her mother contracted the disease shortly after childbirth; despite the expectations of their doctor, both mother and child survived the epidemic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198020–21Lachman20125Сенкевич201034-9">[8]</a> Blavatsky's family was aristocratic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn199244Lachman20127Сенкевич201017-10">[9]</a> Her mother was <a href="/wiki/Yelena_Hahn" title="Yelena Hahn">Helena Andreyevna Hahn von Rottenstern</a> (Russian: Елена Андреевна Ган, 1814–1842; née Fadeyeva), a self-educated 17-year-old who was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Princess_Helene_Dolgoruki" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Helene Dolgoruki">Princess Yelena Pavlovna Dolgorukaya</a>, a similarly self-educated aristocrat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell19802–3Meade198016–17Lachman20127–8-11">[10]</a> Blavatsky's father was <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hahn" title="Peter Hahn">Pyotr Alexeyevich Hahn von Rottenstern</a> (Russian: Пётр Алексеевич Ган, 1798–1873), a descendant of the German <a href="/wiki/Von_Hahn" title="Von Hahn">Hahn</a> aristocratic family, who served as a captain in the Russian Royal Horse Artillery, and would later rise to the rank of colonel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198018–19Cranston19935–6Lachman20126Сенкевич201019-12">[11]</a> Pyotr had not been present at his daughter's birth, having been in Poland fighting to suppress the <a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a> against Russian rule, and first saw her when she was six months old.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198020,_21Cranston199310Lachman20126Сенкевич201043-13">[12]</a> As well as her Russian and German ancestry, Blavatsky could also claim French heritage, for a great-great grandfather had been a <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">French Huguenot</a> nobleman who had fled to Russia to escape persecution, there serving in the court of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston19933–4Сенкевич201017-14">[13]</a> As a result of Pyotr's career, the family frequently moved to different parts of the Empire, accompanied by their servants,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199311Santucci2006177Lachman20129-15">[14]</a> a mobile childhood that may have influenced Blavatsky's largely nomadic lifestyle in later life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201210-16">[15]</a> A year after Pyotr's arrival in Yekaterinoslav, the family relocated to the nearby army town of <a href="/wiki/Romankovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Romankovo">Romankovo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198021Cranston199310Lachman201210-17">[16]</a> When Blavatsky was two years old, her younger brother, Sasha, died in another army town when no medical help could be found.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198023Cranston199311Lachman201210-18">[17]</a> In 1835, mother and daughter moved to <a href="/wiki/Odessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Odessa">Odessa</a>, where Blavatsky's maternal grandfather Andrei Fadeyev, a civil administrator for the imperial authorities, had recently been posted. It was in this city that Blavatsky's sister <a href="/wiki/Vera_Zhelikhovsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Vera Zhelikhovsky">Vera Petrovna</a> was born.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198026Cranston199311Lachman201210-19">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="St._Petersburg,_Poltava,_and_Saratov">St. Petersburg, Poltava, and Saratov</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: St. Petersburg, Poltava, and Saratov">edit</a>]</div> After a return to rural Ukraine, Pyotr was posted to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, where the family moved in 1836. Blavatsky's mother liked the city, there establishing her own literary career, penning novels under the pseudonym of "Zenaida R-va" and translating the works of the English novelist <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer-Lytton" title="Edward Bulwer-Lytton">Edward Bulwer-Lytton</a> for Russian publication.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198027–28,_31Cranston199312–13Lachman20128,_10–11Сенкевич201046,_48-20">[19]</a> When Pyotr returned to Ukraine <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1837, she remained in the city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201211-21">[20]</a> After Fadeyev was assigned to become a trustee for the <a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmyk people">Kalmyk people</a> of Central Asia, Blavatsky and her mother accompanied him to <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>, where they befriended a Kalmyk leader, Tumen.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198029–31Cranston199313–14Lachman201211–12Сенкевич201050,_56–57-22">[21]</a> The Kalmyks were practitioners of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, and it was here that Blavatsky gained her first experience with the religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199313–14Lachman201211–12Сенкевич201050,_56–57-23">[22]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H.Hahn_and_H.Blavatsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/H.Hahn_and_H.Blavatsky.jpg/220px-H.Hahn_and_H.Blavatsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/H.Hahn_and_H.Blavatsky.jpg/330px-H.Hahn_and_H.Blavatsky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/H.Hahn_and_H.Blavatsky.jpg/440px-H.Hahn_and_H.Blavatsky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1383" /></a><figcaption>A painting of Blavatsky and her mother, titled "Two Helens (Helena Hahn and Helena Blavatsky)" 1844–1845</figcaption></figure> In 1838, Blavatsky's mother moved with her daughters to be with her husband at <a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a>, where she taught Blavatsky how to play the piano and organized for her to take dance lessons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198031–32Cranston199315Lachman201212-24">[23]</a> As a result of her poor health, Blavatsky's mother returned to Odessa, where Blavatsky learned English from a British governess.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198032Cranston199316–17Lachman201212Сенкевич201052-25">[24]</a> They next moved to <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, where a brother, Leonid, was born in June 1840.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199318Lachman201213Сенкевич201050-26">[25]</a> The family proceeded to Poland and then back to Odessa, where Blavatsky's mother died of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> in June 1842, aged 28.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198034Cranston199323Lachman201213Сенкевич201054-27">[26]</a> The three surviving children were sent to live with their maternal grandparents in Saratov, where their grandfather Andrei had been appointed Governor of <a href="/wiki/Saratov_Governorate" title="Saratov Governorate">Saratov Governorate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198035Cranston199325Lachman201213Сенкевич201056-28">[27]</a> The historian <a href="/wiki/Richard_Davenport-Hines" title="Richard Davenport-Hines">Richard Davenport-Hines</a> described the young Blavatsky as "a petted, wayward, invalid child" who was a "beguiling story-teller".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport-Hines2011-29">[28]</a> Accounts provided by relatives reveal that she socialized largely with lower-class children and that she enjoyed playing pranks and reading.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201214-30">[29]</a> She was educated in French, art, and music, all subjects designed to enable her to find a husband.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201215-31">[30]</a> With her grandparents she holidayed in Tumen's Kalmyk summer camp, where she learned horse riding and some <a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201216Сенкевич201059-32">[31]</a> She later claimed that in Saratov she discovered the personal library of her maternal great-grandfather, Prince Pavel Vasilevich <a href="/wiki/House_of_Dolgorukov" title="House of Dolgorukov">Dolgorukov</a> (d. 1838); it contained a variety of books on esoteric subjects, encouraging her burgeoning interest in it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198048Cranston199331,_35Goodrick-Clarke20042Lachman201219Сенкевич2010116-33">[32]</a> Dolgorukov had been initiated into <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a> in the late 1770s and had belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Strict_Observance" title="Rite of Strict Observance">Rite of Strict Observance</a>; there were rumors that he had met both <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Cagliostro" title="Alessandro Cagliostro">Alessandro Cagliostro</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_St._Germain" title="Count of St. Germain">Count of St. Germain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20042–3-34">[33]</a> She also later stated that at this time of life she began to experience visions in which she encountered a "Mysterious Indian" man, and that in later life she would meet this man in the flesh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201217Сенкевич201078-35">[34]</a> Many biographers have considered this to be the first appearance of the "Masters" in her life story.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201217Сенкевич201079-36">[35]</a> According to some of her later accounts, in 1844–45 Blavatsky was taken by her father to England, where she visited London and <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198043–44Cranston199343Lachman201218-37">[36]</a> According to this story, in London she received piano lessons from the <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemian</a> composer <a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Moscheles" title="Ignaz Moscheles">Ignaz Moscheles</a>, and performed with <a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">Clara Schumann</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201218-38">[37]</a> However, some Blavatsky biographers believe that this visit to Britain never took place, particularly as no mention of it is made in her sister's memoirs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198044Lachman201218-39">[38]</a> After a year spent living with her aunt, Yekaterina Andreyevna <a href="/wiki/De_Witte_family" title="De Witte family">Witte</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198045–46Lachman201226-40">[39]</a> mother of the future first Prime Minister of the Russian Empire, <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Witte" title="Sergei Witte">Sergei Witte</a>, she moved to <a href="/wiki/Tiflis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiflis">Tiflis</a>, Georgia, where her grandfather Andrei had been appointed director of state lands in <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasia">Transcaucasia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198046–47Cranston199333Lachman201226-41">[40]</a> Blavatsky claimed that here she established a friendship with Alexander Vladimirovich Golitsyn, a Russian Freemason and member of the <a href="/wiki/Golitsyn_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Golitsyn family">Golitsyn family</a> who encouraged her interest in esoteric matters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198051–52Cranston199335Goodrick-Clarke20043Lachman201227–29Сенкевич2010102-42">[41]</a> She would also claim that at this period she had further paranormal experiences, <a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">astral traveling</a> and again encountering her "mysterious Indian" in visions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201227-43">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_travels:_1849–1869">World travels: 1849–1869</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World travels: 1849–1869">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picture_of_H.P.Blavatsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Picture_of_H.P.Blavatsky.jpg/220px-Picture_of_H.P.Blavatsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Picture_of_H.P.Blavatsky.jpg/330px-Picture_of_H.P.Blavatsky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Picture_of_H.P.Blavatsky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption>Blavatsky's drawing of a boat scene, produced in England in 1851<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199346-44">[43]</a></figcaption></figure> At age 17, she agreed to marry Nikifor Vladimirovich Blavatsky, a man in his forties who worked as Vice Governor of <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Governorate" title="Erivan Governorate">Erivan Province</a>. Her reasons for doing so were unclear, although she later claimed that she was attracted by his belief in magic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198052–54Cranston199335–36Washington199330Goodrick-Clarke20043Lachman201229–30Сенкевич2010124-45">[44]</a> Although she tried to back out shortly before the wedding ceremony, the marriage took place on 7 July 1849.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198055Cranston199336Lachman201232Сенкевич2010126-46">[45]</a> Moving with him to the <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Palace">Sardar Palace</a>, she made repeated unsuccessful attempts to escape and return to her family in Tiflis, to which he eventually relented.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198056–57Cranston199336–37Lachman201232-47">[46]</a> The family sent her, accompanied by a servant and maid, to Odessa to meet her father, who planned to return to Saint Petersburg with her. The escorts accompanied her to <a href="/wiki/Poti" title="Poti">Poti</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Kerch" title="Kerch">Kerch</a>, intending to continue with her to Odessa. Blavatsky claimed that, fleeing her escorts and bribing the captain of the ship that had taken her to Kerch, she reached <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198061–62Cranston199337–38Washington199331Lachman201233-48">[47]</a> This marked the start of nine years spent traveling the world, possibly financed by her father.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201233–34-49">[48]</a> She did not keep a diary at the time, and was not accompanied by relatives who could verify her activities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199342-50">[49]</a> Thus, historian of esotericism <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Goodrick-Clarke" title="Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke">Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke</a> noted that public knowledge of these travels rests upon "her own largely uncorroborated accounts", which are marred by being "occasionally conflicting in their chronology".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20043-51">[50]</a> For religious studies scholar Bruce F. Campbell, there was "no reliable account" for the next 25 years of her life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell19804-52">[51]</a> According to biographer Peter Washington, at this point "myth and reality begin to merge seamlessly in Blavatsky's biography".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199330–31-53">[52]</a> She later claimed that in Constantinople she developed a friendship with a Hungarian opera singer named Agardi Metrovitch, whom she first encountered when saving him from being murdered.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198070–71Lachman201236–37Сенкевич2010141-54">[53]</a> It was also in Constantinople that she met the Countess Sofia Kiselyova, who she would accompany on a tour of Egypt, Greece, and Eastern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201234-55">[54]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, she met the American art student Albert Rawson, who later wrote extensively about the Middle East,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198064Cranston199343Goodrick-Clarke20043–4Lachman201238–40-56">[55]</a> and together they allegedly visited a Coptic magician, Paulos Metamon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20044Santucci2006177Lachman201241–42-57">[56]</a> In 1851, she proceeded to Paris, where she encountered the mesmerist, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Michal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Michal (page does not exist)">Victor Michal</a>, who impressed her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201242–43-58">[57]</a> From there, she visited England, and would claim that it was here that she met the "mysterious Indian" who had appeared in her childhood visions, a <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> whom she referred to as the Master <a href="/wiki/Morya_(Theosophy)" title="Morya (Theosophy)">Morya</a>. While she provided various conflicting accounts of how they met, locating it in both London and <a href="/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a> according to separate stories, she maintained that he claimed that he had a special mission for her, and that she must travel to <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn199247Cranston199345–46Kalnitsky2003197Goodrick-Clarke20044Lachman201243–44Сенкевич2010163-59">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blavatsky.007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Blavatsky.007.jpg/150px-Blavatsky.007.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Blavatsky.007.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>Helena Blavatsky, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1850</figcaption></figure> She made her way to Asia via the Americas, heading to Canada in autumn 1851. Inspired by the novels of <a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">James Fenimore Cooper</a>, she sought out the Native American communities of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> in the hope of meeting their <a href="/wiki/Magico-religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Magico-religious">magico-religious</a> specialists, but was instead robbed, later attributing these Natives' behavior to the corrupting influence of Christian missionaries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199348Santucci2006177Lachman201244–45-60">[59]</a> She then headed south, visiting <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, Texas, Mexico, and the Andes, before transport via ship from the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199349Santucci2006177Lachman201245-61">[60]</a> She spent two years in India, allegedly following the instructions found in letters that Morya had sent to her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201245–46-62">[61]</a> She attempted to enter Tibet, but was prevented from doing so by the British colonial administration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199350Santucci2006177Lachman201246-63">[62]</a> She later claimed that she then headed back to Europe by ship, surviving a shipwreck near to the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a> before arriving in England in 1854, where she faced hostility as a Russian citizen due to the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> between Britain and Russia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199351–52Lachman201246-64">[63]</a> It was here, she claimed, that she worked as a concert musician for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Philharmonic_Society" title="Royal Philharmonic Society">Royal Philharmonic Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199352Lachman201246-65">[64]</a> Sailing to the U.S., she visited New York City, where she met up with Rawson, before touring Chicago, <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, and San Francisco, and then sailing back to India via Japan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199352–54Santucci2006177Lachman201246-66">[65]</a> There, she spent time in <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>, before making a second attempt to enter Tibet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201247-67">[66]</a> She claimed that this time she was successful, entering Tibet in 1856 through Kashmir, accompanied by a Tartar shaman who was attempting to reach Siberia and who thought that as a Russian citizen, Blavatsky would be able to aid him in doing so.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199357–58Santucci2006177Lachman201260–61-68">[67]</a> According to this account, they reached <a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a> before becoming lost, eventually joining a traveling Tartar group before she headed back to India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201261–62-69">[68]</a> She returned to Europe via <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199360Santucci2006178Lachman201247-70">[69]</a> After spending time in France and Germany, in 1858 she returned to her family, then based in <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198075–76Cranston199363Goodrick-Clarke20044Lachman201247-71">[70]</a> She later claimed that there she began to exhibit further paranormal abilities, with rapping and creaking accompanying her around the house and furniture moving of its own volition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell19804–5Meade198076–78Cranston199365–69Goodrick-Clarke20044Lachman201248–49-72">[71]</a> In 1860, she and her sister visited their maternal grandmother in Tiflis. It was there that she met up with Metrovitch, and where she reconciled with Nikifor in 1862.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn19927567–77Cranston1993Lachman201250-73">[72]</a> Together they adopted a child named Yuri, who would die aged five in 1867, when he was buried under Metrovitch's surname.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201237–38,_50-74">[73]</a> In 1864, while riding in <a href="/wiki/Mingrelia" title="Mingrelia">Mingrelia</a>, Blavatsky fell from her horse and was in a coma for several months with a spinal fracture. Recovering in Tiflis, she claimed that upon awaking she gained full control of her paranormal abilities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20044Lachman201250–51-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn199268-76">[75]</a> She then proceeded to Italy, Transylvania, and Serbia, possibly studying the <a href="/wiki/Cabalah" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabalah">Cabalah</a> with a rabbi at this point.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201251-77">[76]</a> In 1867, she proceeded to the Balkans, Hungary, and then Italy, where she spent time in Venice, Florence, and Mentana, claiming that in the latter she had been injured fighting for <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mentana" title="Battle of Mentana">Battle of Mentana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198091Cranston199378–79Goodrick-Clarke20044Lachman201251–52-78">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tibet">Tibet</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tibet">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tashilhunpo_Monastery,_Shigatse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tashilhunpo_Monastery%2C_Shigatse.JPG/260px-Tashilhunpo_Monastery%2C_Shigatse.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tashilhunpo_Monastery%2C_Shigatse.JPG/390px-Tashilhunpo_Monastery%2C_Shigatse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tashilhunpo_Monastery%2C_Shigatse.JPG/520px-Tashilhunpo_Monastery%2C_Shigatse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>Tashilhunpo Monastery, Shigatse, the place that Blavatsky claimed held the Senzar texts she translated</figcaption></figure> She claimed to have then received a message from Morya to travel to Constantinople, where he met her, and together they traveled overland to Tibet, going through Turkey, Persia, Afghanistan, and then into India, entering Tibet via Kashmir.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20044Lachman201263-79">[78]</a> There, they allegedly stayed in the home of Morya's friend and colleague, Master <a href="/wiki/Koot_Hoomi" title="Koot Hoomi">Koot Hoomi</a>, which was near to <a href="/wiki/Tashilhunpo_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashilhunpo Monastery">Tashilhunpo Monastery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a>. According to Blavatsky, both Morya and Koot Hoomi were Kashmiris of Punjabi origin, and it was at his home that Koot Hoomi taught students of the <a href="/wiki/Gelugpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelugpa">Gelugpa</a> sect of Tibetan Buddhism. Koot Hoomi was described as having spent time in London and <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, being fluent in both English and French, and like Morya was a vegetarian.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199392–83Goodrick-Clarke20044–5Lachman201264–65-80">[79]</a> She claimed that in Tibet, she was taught an ancient, unknown language known as <a href="/wiki/Senzar_language" title="Senzar language">Senzar</a>, and translated a number of ancient texts written in this language that were preserved by the monks of a monastery; she stated that she was, however, not permitted entry into the monastery itself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston1993100Lachman201268–69-81">[80]</a> She also claimed that while in Tibet, Morya and Koot Hoomi helped her develop and control her psychic powers. Among the abilities that she ascribed to these "Masters" were <a href="/wiki/Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">clairvoyance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clairaudience" title="Clairaudience">clairaudience</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">telepathy</a>, and the ability to control another's consciousness, to dematerialize and rematerialize physical objects, and to project their astral bodies, thus giving the appearance of being in two places at once.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201271–72-82">[81]</a> She claimed to have remained on this spiritual retreat from late 1868 until late 1870.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20045-83">[82]</a> Blavatsky never claimed in print to have visited <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a>, although this is a claim that would be made for her in various later sources, including the account provided by her sister.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199397Lachman201267-84">[83]</a> Many critics and biographers have expressed doubt about the veracity of Blavatsky's claims regarding her visits to Tibet, which rely entirely on her own claims, lacking any credible independent testimony.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198069–70Lachman201257-85">[84]</a> It has been highlighted that during the nineteenth century, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet#European_influences_in_Tibet" title="History of Tibet">Tibet was closed to Europeans</a>, and visitors faced the perils of bandits and a harsh terrain; the latter would have been even more problematic if Blavatsky had been as stout and unathletic as she would be in later life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199333Goodrick-Clarke20045Lachman201253–54-86">[85]</a> However, as several biographers have noted, traders and pilgrims from neighboring lands were able to access Tibet freely, suggesting the possibility that she would have been allowed to enter accompanied by Morya, particularly if she had been mistaken for an Asian.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199382Lachman201264-87">[86]</a> Blavatsky's eyewitness account of Shigatse was unprecedented in the West,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20045-83">[82]</a> and one scholar of Buddhism, <a href="/wiki/D._T._Suzuki" title="D. T. Suzuki">D. T. Suzuki</a>, suggested that she later exhibited an advanced knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana Buddhism">Mahayana Buddhism</a> consistent with her having studied in a Tibetan monastery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199384Goodrick-Clarke20045-88">[87]</a> Lachman noted that had Blavatsky spent time in Tibet, then she would be "one of the greatest travelers of the nineteenth century",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201253-89">[88]</a> although he added – "in all honesty I do not know" if Blavatsky spent time in Tibet or not.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201275-90">[89]</a> Biographer <a href="/wiki/Marion_Meade" title="Marion Meade">Marion Meade</a> commented on Blavatsky's tales of Tibet and various other adventures by stating that "hardly a word of this appears to be true".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198069-91">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Embracing_Spiritualism_and_establishing_Theosophy:_1870–1878">Embracing Spiritualism and establishing Theosophy: 1870–1878</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Embracing Spiritualism and establishing Theosophy: 1870–1878">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arriving_in_New_York_City">Arriving in New York City</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Arriving in New York City">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helena_Blavatsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Helena_Blavatsky.jpg/170px-Helena_Blavatsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Helena_Blavatsky.jpg/255px-Helena_Blavatsky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Helena_Blavatsky.jpg/340px-Helena_Blavatsky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Blavatsky in 1875</figcaption></figure> Blavatsky alleged that she departed Tibet with the mission of proving to the world that the phenomena identified by <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualists</a> were objectively real, thus defending Spiritualism against accusations of fraud. However, she also stated that the entities being contacted by Spiritualist mediums were not the spirits of the dead, as the Spiritualist movement typically alleged, but instead either mischievous <a href="/wiki/Elementals" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementals">elementals</a> or the "shells" left behind by the deceased.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGodwin1994282Lachman201277–78,_81-92">[91]</a> She proceeded via the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> to Greece, where she met with another of the Masters, <a href="/wiki/Master_Hilarion" title="Master Hilarion">Master Hilarion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201278-93">[92]</a> She set sail for Egypt aboard the <a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Eunomia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Eunomia (page does not exist)">SS Eunomia</a>, but in July 1871 it exploded during the journey; Blavatsky was one of only 16 survivors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198093Cranston1993105Godwin1994279Lachman201278-94">[93]</a> Reaching Cairo, she met up with Metamon, and with the help of a woman named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emma_Cutting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emma Cutting (page does not exist)">Emma Cutting</a> established a société spirite, which was based largely on <a href="/wiki/Kardecist_spiritism" title="Kardecist spiritism">Spiritism</a>, a form of Spiritualism founded by <a href="/wiki/Allan_Kardec" title="Allan Kardec">Allan Kardec</a> which professed a belief in <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnation</a>, in contrast to the mainstream Spiritualist movement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198094–96Cranston1993105–106Godwin1994279Goodrick-Clarke20045Lachman201279-95">[94]</a> However, Blavatsky believed that Cutting and many of the mediums employed by the society were fraudulent, and she closed it down after two weeks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston1993106Godwin1994279Lachman201280–81-96">[95]</a> In Cairo, she also met with the Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Maspero" title="Gaston Maspero">Gaston Maspero</a>, and another of the Masters, Serapis Bey.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201282-97">[96]</a> It was also here that she met up with Metrovitch, although he soon died of <a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">typhoid</a>, with Blavatsky claiming to have overseen the funeral.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201283-98">[97]</a> Leaving Egypt, she proceeded to Syria, Palestine, and Lebanon, there encountering members of the <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston1993105,_106Lachman201283–84-99">[98]</a> It was during these travels that she met with the writer and traveler <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lidia_Pashkova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lidia Pashkova (page does not exist)">Lidia Pashkova</a>, who provided independent verification of Blavatsky's travels during this period.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201284-100">[99]</a> In July 1872 she returned to her family in Odessa, before departing in April 1873.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston1993106–107Lachman201284-101">[100]</a> She spent time in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> and Paris,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198096–97Cranston1993107Lachman201284-102">[101]</a> before – according to her later claims – Morya instructed her to go to the United States. Blavatsky arrived in New York City on 8 July 1873.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980101Cranston1993107–108Washington199340Lachman201284-104">[103]</a> There, she moved into a women's housing cooperative on <a href="/wiki/Madison_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Madison Street (Manhattan)">Madison Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a>, earning a wage through piece work sewing and designing advertising cards.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980102Washington199340Lachman201287-105">[104]</a> It was here that she attracted attention, and was interviewed by the journalist Anna Ballard of the New York newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sun (New York)">The Sun</a>; this interview was the earliest textual source in which Blavatsky claimed to have spent time in Tibet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980102–103Lachman201288–89-106">[105]</a> Indeed, it was while in New York that "detailed records" of Blavatsky's life again become available to historians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199340-107">[106]</a> Soon after, Blavatsky received news of her father's death, thus inheriting a considerable fortune, allowing her to move into a lavish hotel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201289–90-108">[107]</a> In December 1874, Blavatsky met the <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgian</a> Mikheil Betaneli. Infatuated with her, he repeatedly requested that they marry, to which she ultimately relented; this constituted <a href="/wiki/Bigamy" title="Bigamy">bigamy</a>, as her first husband was still alive. However, as she refused to consummate the marriage, Betaneli sued for divorce and returned to Georgia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980116–117,_137,_145Kuhn199258Washington199348–49Lachman2012121–122-109">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Meeting_Henry_Steel_Olcott_and_the_foundation_of_the_Theosophical_Society">Meeting Henry Steel Olcott and the foundation of the Theosophical Society</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Meeting Henry Steel Olcott and the foundation of the Theosophical Society">edit</a>]</div> Blavatsky was intrigued by a news story about <a href="/wiki/William_and_Horatio_Eddy" class="mw-redirect" title="William and Horatio Eddy">William and Horatio Eddy</a>, brothers based in <a href="/wiki/Chittenden,_Vermont" title="Chittenden, Vermont">Chittenden, Vermont</a>, who it was claimed could <a href="/wiki/Levitation_(paranormal)" title="Levitation (paranormal)">levitate</a> and manifest spiritual phenomena. She visited Chittenden in October 1874, there meeting the reporter Henry Steel Olcott, who was investigating the brothers' claims for the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Graphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Graphic">Daily Graphic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980110–114Cranston1993124–126Washington199329Goodrick-Clarke20046Lachman201292–98-110">[109]</a> Claiming that Blavatsky impressed him with her own ability to manifest spirit phenomena, Olcott authored a newspaper article on her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980125Cranston1993126–127Lachman201298–99,_101-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> They soon became close friends, giving each other the nicknames of "Maloney" (Olcott) and "Jack" (Blavatsky).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198022Meade1980126Washington199343Lachman2012101-114">[113]</a> He helped attract greater attention to Blavatsky's claims, encouraging the Daily Graphics editor to publish an interview with her,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012107–108-115">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> and discussing her in his book on Spiritualism, People from the Other World (1875),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198023Lachman2012122-117">[116]</a> which her Russian correspondent <a href="/wiki/Alexandr_Aksakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandr Aksakov">Alexandr Aksakov</a> urged her to translate into Russian.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012123-118">[117]</a> She began to instruct Olcott in her own occult beliefs, and encouraged by her he became celibate, tee-totaling, and vegetarian, although she herself was unable to commit to the latter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012108–109-119">[118]</a> In January 1875 the duo visited the Spiritualist mediums <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson_and_Jennie_Owen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nelson and Jennie Owen (page does not exist)">Nelson and Jennie Owen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>; the Owens asked Olcott to test them to prove that the phenomena that they produced were not fraudulent, and while Olcott believed them, Blavatsky opined that they faked some of their phenomena in those instances when genuine phenomena failed to manifest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980134–135Washington199342–43Lachman2012108–110-120">[119]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blavatsky.020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Blavatsky.020.jpg/150px-Blavatsky.020.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Blavatsky.020.jpg/225px-Blavatsky.020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Blavatsky.020.jpg/300px-Blavatsky.020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption>Blavatsky, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1877</figcaption></figure> Drumming up interest for their ideas, Blavatsky and Olcott published a circular letter in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eldridge_Gerry_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eldridge Gerry Brown (page does not exist)">Eldridge Gerry Brown</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>-based Spiritualist publication, <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Spiritual_Scientist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Spiritual Scientist (page does not exist)">The Spiritual Scientist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980140Washington1993495Godwin1994282Lachman2012124-121">[120]</a> There, they named themselves the "Brotherhood of Luxor", a name potentially inspired by the pre-existing <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Brotherhood_of_Luxor" title="Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor">Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980140Godwin1994282Lachman2012124,_126-122">[121]</a> They began living together in a series of rented apartments in New York City, which they decorated with <a href="/wiki/Taxidermy" title="Taxidermy">taxidermied</a> animals and images of spiritual figures; their life was funded largely by Olcott's continued work as a lawyer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199344–45Lachman2012143–144-123">[122]</a> Their last such apartment came to be known as the Lamasery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198076Meade1980177Goodrick-Clarke200410–11-124">[123]</a> Allegedly encouraged by the Masters, Blavatsky and Olcott established the Miracle Club, through which they facilitated lectures on esoteric themes in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198026Washington199349Goodrick-Clarke20047Lachman2012129–130-125">[124]</a> It was through this group that they met an Irish Spiritualist, <a href="/wiki/William_Quan_Judge" title="William Quan Judge">William Quan Judge</a>, who shared many of their interests.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980148Goodrick-Clarke20047Lachman2012129–130-126">[125]</a> At a Miracle Club meeting on 7 September 1875, Blavatsky, Olcott, and Judge agreed to establish an esoteric organization, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Sotheran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Sotheran (page does not exist)">Charles Sotheran</a> suggesting that they call it the <a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society" title="Theosophical Society">Theosophical Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198027–28Meade1980151Washington199353–54Goodrick-Clarke20047Lachman2012130–31,_136-127">[126]</a> The term <a href="/wiki/Theosophy_(Blavatskian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosophy (Blavatskian)">theosophy</a> came from the Greek theos ("god(s)") and sophia ("wisdom"), thus meaning "god-wisdom" or "divine wisdom".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012132-128">[127]</a> The term was not new, but had been previously used in various contexts by the <a href="/wiki/Eirenaeus_Philalethes" class="mw-redirect" title="Eirenaeus Philalethes">Philaletheians</a> and the Christian mystic, <a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme" title="Jakob Böhme">Jakob Böhme</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199355Goodrick-Clarke20048Lachman2012133-129">[128]</a> Theosophists would often argue over how to define Theosophy, with Judge expressing the view that the task was impossible.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012132-128">[127]</a> Blavatsky however insisted that Theosophy was not a religion in itself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012137-130">[129]</a> Lachman has described the movement as "a very wide umbrella, under which quite a few things could find a place".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012135-131">[130]</a> On foundation, Olcott was appointed chairman, with Judge as secretary, and Blavatsky as corresponding secretary, although she remained the group's primary theoretician and leading figure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980155Goodrick-Clarke20047Lachman2012130–131,_135–136-132">[131]</a> Prominent early members included <a href="/wiki/Emma_Hardinge_Britten" title="Emma Hardinge Britten">Emma Hardinge Britten</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Signor_Bruzzesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Signor Bruzzesi (page does not exist)">Signor Bruzzesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/C.C._Massey" class="mw-redirect" title="C.C. Massey">C.C. Massey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_L._Alden" title="William L. Alden">William L. Alden</a>; many were prominent and successful members of the establishment, although not all would remain members for long.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199353–54Lachman2012136–137-133">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Isis_Unveiled">Isis Unveiled</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Isis Unveiled">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The underlying theme among these diverse topics [in Isis Unveiled] is the existence of an ancient wisdom-religion, an ageless occult guide to the cosmos, nature and human life. The many faiths of man are said to derive from a universal religion known to both <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> and the ancient Hindu sages. The wisdom-religion is also identified with Hermetic philosophy as "the only possible key to the Absolute in science and theology" (I, vii). Every religion is based on the same truth or "secret doctrine", which contains "the alpha and omega of universal science" (I, 511). This ancient wisdom-religion will become the religion of the future (I, 613). </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Historian Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, 2004.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20049-134">[133]</a></cite> </div> In 1875, Blavatsky began work on a book outlining her Theosophical worldview, much of which would be written during a stay in the <a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca</a> home of <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Corson" title="Hiram Corson">Hiram Corson</a>, a Professor of English Literature at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. Although she had hoped to call it The Veil of Isis, it would be published as <a href="/wiki/Isis_Unveiled" title="Isis Unveiled">Isis Unveiled</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198031Meade1980152,_176Lachman2012137,_140–143-135">[134]</a> While writing it, Blavatsky claimed to be aware of a second consciousness within her body, referring to it as "the lodger who is in me", and stating that it was this second consciousness that inspired much of the writing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20048Lachman2012137–138-136">[135]</a> In Isis Unveiled, Blavatsky quoted extensively from other esoteric and religious texts, although her contemporary and colleague Olcott always maintained that she had quoted from books that she did not have access to.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20048Lachman2012147-137">[136]</a> Writing more than a century after her death Lachman conjectured that if this had been the case, then she had had an <a href="/wiki/Eidetic_memory" title="Eidetic memory">eidetic memory</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012148-138">[137]</a> such that, while relying on earlier sources, the book represented an original synthesis that connected disparate ideas not brought together before.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012154-139">[138]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cover_of_%27Blavatsky_Unveiled._The_Writings_of_H._P._Blavatsky_in_modern_English._Volume_1.%27_By_Moon_Laramie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Cover_of_%27Blavatsky_Unveiled._The_Writings_of_H._P._Blavatsky_in_modern_English._Volume_1.%27_By_Moon_Laramie.jpg/170px-Cover_of_%27Blavatsky_Unveiled._The_Writings_of_H._P._Blavatsky_in_modern_English._Volume_1.%27_By_Moon_Laramie.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Cover_of_%27Blavatsky_Unveiled._The_Writings_of_H._P._Blavatsky_in_modern_English._Volume_1.%27_By_Moon_Laramie.jpg/255px-Cover_of_%27Blavatsky_Unveiled._The_Writings_of_H._P._Blavatsky_in_modern_English._Volume_1.%27_By_Moon_Laramie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Cover_of_%27Blavatsky_Unveiled._The_Writings_of_H._P._Blavatsky_in_modern_English._Volume_1.%27_By_Moon_Laramie.jpg/340px-Cover_of_%27Blavatsky_Unveiled._The_Writings_of_H._P._Blavatsky_in_modern_English._Volume_1.%27_By_Moon_Laramie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Cover of 'Blavatsky Unveiled', the first translation of Isis Unveiled into modern English.</figcaption></figure> Revolving around Blavatsky's idea that all the world's religions stemmed from a single "Ancient Wisdom", which she connected to the Western esotericism of ancient <a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20049Lachman2012155,_157-140">[139]</a> it also articulated her thoughts on Spiritualism,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012156-141">[140]</a> and provided a criticism of <a href="/wiki/Darwinian_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian evolution">Darwinian evolution</a>, stating that it dealt only with the physical world and ignored the spiritual realms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012159–160-142">[141]</a> The book was edited by Professor of Philosophy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Wilder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Wilder (page does not exist)">Alexander Wilder</a> and published in two volumes by J.W. Bouton in 1877.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980173,_176Goodrick-Clarke20049Lachman2012150–151-143">[142]</a> Although facing negative mainstream press reviews, including from those who highlighted that it extensively quoted around 100 other books without acknowledgement,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198033Washington199352-144">[143]</a> it proved to be such a commercial success, with its initial print run of 1,000 copies selling out in a week,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198035Meade1980179Washington199352Lachman2012152-145">[144]</a> that the publisher requested a sequel, although Blavatsky turned down the offer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012154-139">[138]</a> While Isis Unveiled was a success, the Society remained largely inactive,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199357Lachman2012170-146">[145]</a> having fallen into this state in autumn 1876.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980174-147">[146]</a> This was despite the fact that new lodges of the organization had been established throughout the U.S. and in London, and prominent figures like <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abner_Doubleday" title="Abner Doubleday">Abner Doubleday</a> had joined.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012171-148">[147]</a> In July 1878, Blavatsky gained U.S. citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980183Lachman2012171-149">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India:_1879–1885">India: 1879–1885</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: India: 1879–1885">edit</a>]</div> The Theosophical Society established links with an Indian <a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu reform movement">Hindu reform movement</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a>, which had been founded by the Swami <a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a>; Blavatsky and Olcott believed that the two organizations shared a common spiritual world-view.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198077Washington199357Goodrick-Clarke200411Lachman2012173-150">[149]</a> Unhappy with life in the U.S., Blavatsky decided to move to India, with Olcott agreeing to join her, securing work as a U.S. trade representative to the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199358Lachman2012176–179-151">[150]</a> In December, the duo auctioned off many of their possessions, although Edison gifted them a <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonograph</a> to take with them to India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012180-152">[151]</a> They left New York City aboard the Canada, which took them to London. After meeting with well-wishers in the capital, they traveled to <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, there setting sail aboard the Speke Hall, arriving in Bombay in February 1879.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199359Goodrick-Clarke200411Lachman2012181–182-153">[152]</a> In the city, they were greeted with celebrations organized by Arya Samaj member <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurrychund_Chintamon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hurrychund Chintamon (page does not exist)">Hurrychund Chintamon</a> before obtaining a house in Girgaum Road, part of Bombay's native area.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198079Washington199359–60Lachman2012182–184-154">[153]</a> Associating largely with Indians rather than the governing British elite, Blavatsky took a fifteen-year-old <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_people" title="Gujarati people">Gujarati</a> boy, Vallah "Babula" Bulla, as her personal servant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980197Lachman2012184-155">[154]</a> Many educated Indians were impressed with the Theosophists championing of Indian religions, coming about during a period "of [India's] growing self-assertion against the values and beliefs" of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980206Goodrick-Clarke200411–12-156">[155]</a> Her activity in the city was monitored by British intelligence services, who suspected that she was working for Russia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980198Washington199360-157">[156]</a> In April, Blavatsky took Olcott, Babula, and their friend Moolji Thackersey to the <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a>, announcing that they contained secret passages that led to an underground place where the Masters assembled.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012186–187-158">[157]</a> Then claiming that the Masters were telepathically commanding her to head to <a href="/wiki/Rajputana" title="Rajputana">Rajputana</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>, she and Olcott headed north.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012187-159">[158]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a> river, they met the <a href="/wiki/Sannyasin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sannyasin">sannyasin</a> Babu Surdass, who had sat in the <a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">lotus position</a> for 52 years, and in <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a> saw the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980202–203Lachman2012188-160">[159]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Saharanpur" title="Saharanpur">Saharanpur</a> they met with Dayananda and his Arya Samajists, before returning to Bombay.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980203–204Lachman2012188–189-161">[160]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helena_Blavatsky_in_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Helena_Blavatsky_in_India.jpg/170px-Helena_Blavatsky_in_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Helena_Blavatsky_in_India.jpg/255px-Helena_Blavatsky_in_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Helena_Blavatsky_in_India.jpg/340px-Helena_Blavatsky_in_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Blavatsky and Hindu Theosophists in India, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1884</figcaption></figure> In July 1879, Blavatsky and Olcott began work on a monthly magazine, <a href="/wiki/The_Theosophist" title="The Theosophist">The Theosophist</a>, with the first issue coming out in October.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198079Meade1980207–209Washington199360Goodrick-Clarke200411Lachman2012189-162">[161]</a> The magazine soon obtained a large readership, with the management being taken over by <a href="/wiki/Damodar_K._Mavalankar" title="Damodar K. Mavalankar">Damodar K. Mavalankar</a>, a Theosophist who introduced the idea of referring to the Masters as <a href="/wiki/Mahatmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahatmas">mahatmas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012189-163">[162]</a> In December, Blavatsky and Olcott traveled to <a href="/wiki/Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Allahabad</a>, there visiting <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Percy_Sinnett" title="Alfred Percy Sinnett">Alfred Percy Sinnett</a>, the editor of <a href="/wiki/The_Pioneer_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pioneer (newspaper)">The Pioneer</a> and keen Spiritualist. <a href="/wiki/A.O._Hume" class="mw-redirect" title="A.O. Hume">A.O. Hume</a> was also a guest at the Sinnett's home, and Blavatsky was encouraged to manifest paranormal phenomena in their presence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980209–211Washington199361Goodrick-Clarke200412Lachman2012190–191-164">[163]</a> From there, they traveled to <a href="/wiki/Benares" class="mw-redirect" title="Benares">Benares</a>, where they stayed at the palace of the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Vizianagram" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja of Vizianagram">Maharaja of Vizianagram</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980211–212Lachman2012191-165">[164]</a> Blavatsky and Olcott were then invited to Ceylon by Buddhist monks. There they officially converted to Buddhism – apparently the first from the United States to do so.<a href="#cite_note-Pierce-2">[1]</a> – taking the <a href="/wiki/Five_Precepts" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Precepts">Five Precepts</a> in a ceremony at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana_Nikayana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramayana Nikayana (page does not exist)">Ramayana Nikayana</a> in May 1880.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980214–215Godwin1994321–322Goodrick-Clarke200412Lachman2012193–194-166">[165]</a> Touring the island, they were met by crowds intrigued by these unusual Westerners who embraced Buddhism rather than proselytizing Christianity. Their message proved a boost to Sinhalese nationalist self-esteem, and they were invited to see the <a href="/wiki/Relic_of_the_tooth_of_the_Buddha" title="Relic of the tooth of the Buddha">Buddha's Tooth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012194-167">[166]</a> Upon learning that old comrade Emma Coulomb (née Cutting) and her husband had fallen into poverty in Ceylon, Blavatsky invited them to move into her home in Bombay.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980205–206,_213–214Lachman2012189–190,_192–193-168">[167]</a> However, the Coulombs annoyed Rosa Bates and Edward Winbridge, two American Theosophists who were also living with Blavatsky; when Blavatsky took the side of the Coulombs, Bates and Winbridge returned to the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980215Washington199379Lachman2012194–195-169">[168]</a> Blavatsky was then invited to <a href="/wiki/Simla" class="mw-redirect" title="Simla">Simla</a> to spend more time with Sinnett, and there performed a range of materializations that astounded the other guests; in one instance, she allegedly made a cup-and-saucer materialize under the soil during a picnic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198080Meade1980216,_219–224Goodrick-Clarke200412Lachman2012197–200-170">[169]</a> Sinnett was eager to contact the Masters himself, convincing Blavatsky to facilitate this communication, resulting in the production of over 1400 pages allegedly authored by Koot Hoomi and Morya, which came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahatma Letters">Mahatma Letters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980227–228,_234Lachman2012201-171">[170]</a> Sinnett summarised the teachings contained in these letters in his book <a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Buddhism_(book)" title="Esoteric Buddhism (book)">Esoteric Buddhism</a> (1883), although scholars of Buddhism like <a href="/wiki/Max_M%C3%BCller" title="Max Müller">Max Müller</a> publicly highlighted that the contents were not Buddhist, and Blavatsky herself disliked the misleading title.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012202-172">[171]</a> Since the book's publication, there has been much debate as to the authenticity of the letters, with some arguing that they were written by Blavatsky herself, and others believing that they were written by separate individuals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012203–204-173">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison1997-174">[173]</a> According to Meade, "there can be no reasonable doubt that Helena was their author".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980234-175">[174]</a> Theosophy was unpopular with both Christian missionaries and the British colonial administration,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012219-176">[175]</a> with India's English-language press being almost uniformly negative toward the Society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEСенкевич2010347-177">[176]</a> The group nevertheless proved popular, and branches were established across the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012214-178">[177]</a> While Blavatsky had emphasized its growth among the native Indian population rather than among the British elite, she moved into a comfortable bungalow in the elite Bombay suburb of <a href="/wiki/Breach_Candy" title="Breach Candy">Breach Candy</a>, which she said was more accessible to Western visitors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980230–231Lachman2012214-179">[178]</a> Olcott had decided to establish the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_Education_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist Education Fund (page does not exist)">Buddhist Education Fund</a> to combat the spread of the Christian faith in Ceylon and encourage pride and interest in Buddhism among the island's Sinhalese population. Although Blavatsky initially opposed the idea, stating that the Masters would not approve, Olcott's project proved a success, and she changed her opinion about it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198084Washington199366–67Lachman2012215–216-180">[179]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blavatsky_Olcott_Mavalankar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Blavatsky_Olcott_Mavalankar.jpg/220px-Blavatsky_Olcott_Mavalankar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Blavatsky_Olcott_Mavalankar.jpg/330px-Blavatsky_Olcott_Mavalankar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Blavatsky_Olcott_Mavalankar.jpg/440px-Blavatsky_Olcott_Mavalankar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Blavatsky standing behind Olcott (middle seated) and <a href="/wiki/Damodar_Mavalankar" class="mw-redirect" title="Damodar Mavalankar">Damodar Mavalankar</a> (seated to his left), Bombay, 1881</figcaption></figure> Blavatsky had been diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Bright%27s_disease" title="Bright's disease">Bright's disease</a> and hoping the weather to be more conducive to her condition she took up the offer of the Society's <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a> Branch to move to their city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012217-181">[180]</a> However, in November 1882 the Society purchased an estate in <a href="/wiki/Adyar,_Chennai" title="Adyar, Chennai">Adyar</a>, which became their permanent headquarters; a few rooms were set aside for Blavatsky, who moved into them in December.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198084–85Washington199366Goodrick-Clarke200413Lachman2012217–218-182">[181]</a> She continued to tour the subcontinent, claiming that she then spent time in <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> and Tibet, where she visited her teacher's ashram for several days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012218-183">[182]</a> With her health deteriorating, she agreed to accompany Olcott on his trip to Britain, where he was planning to argue the case for Ceylonese Buddhism and sort out problems with the Society's London Lodge.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012220–221-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEСенкевич2010404-185">[184]</a> Sailing to <a href="/wiki/Marseilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseilles">Marseilles</a>, France, in March 1883, she spent time in <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> with the founder of the Theosophical Society's French branch, the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_de_Mariategui" class="extiw" title="fr:Maria de Mariategui">Countess of Caithness</a> (widow of <a href="/wiki/James_Sinclair,_14th_Earl_of_Caithness" title="James Sinclair, 14th Earl of Caithness">James Sinclair, 14th Earl of Caithness</a>), with whom she continued to Paris.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012221–222-186">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEСенкевич2010397-187">[186]</a> In London, she appeared at the lodge's meeting, where she sought to quell arguments between Sinnett on the one hand and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Kingsford" title="Anna Kingsford">Anna Kingsford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Maitland_(writer)" title="Edward Maitland (writer)">Edward Maitland</a> on the other.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETillett1986131-188">[187]</a> Unsatisfied, Kingsford – whom Blavatsky thought "an unbearable snobbish woman" – split from the Theosophical Society to form the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermetic_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermetic Society (page does not exist)">Hermetic Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199376–77Lachman2012222–223-189">[188]</a> In London, Blavatsky made contact with the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research" title="Society for Psychical Research">Society for Psychical Research</a> (SPR) through <a href="/wiki/Frederic_W._H._Myers" title="Frederic W. H. Myers">Frederic W. H. Myers</a>. She complied with their request to undertake a study of her and the paranormal abilities that she claimed to possess, although wasn't impressed by the organization and mockingly referred to it as the "Spookical Research Society".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012224,_226–227-190">[189]</a> With Blavatsky in Europe, trouble broke out at the society's Adyar headquarters in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Coulomb_Affair" title="Coulomb Affair">Coulomb Affair</a>. The society's Board of Control had accused Emma Coulomb of misappropriating their funds for her own purposes, and asked her to leave their center. She and her husband refused, <a href="/wiki/Blackmail" title="Blackmail">blackmailing</a> the society with letters that they claimed were written by Blavatsky and which proved that her paranormal abilities were fraudulent. The society refused to pay them and expelled them from their premises, at which the couple turned to the Madras-based <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_College_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian College Magazine (page does not exist)">Christian College Magazine</a>, who published an exposé of Blavatsky's alleged fraudulence using the Coulombs' claims as a basis. The story attracted international attention and was picked up by London-based newspaper, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198088–90Washington199379–82Goodrick-Clarke200413Lachman2012224–226Сенкевич2010411–412-191">[190]</a> In response, in November 1884 Blavatsky headed to Cairo, where she and Theosophist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Webster_Leadbeater" title="Charles Webster Leadbeater">Charles Webster Leadbeater</a> searched for negative information on Emma Coulomb, discovering stories of her alleged former history of extortion and criminality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012228-192">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETillett1986142-193">[192]</a> Internally, the Society was greatly damaged by the Coulomb Affair,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198095-194">[193]</a> although it remained popular in India, as did Blavatsky herself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198094–95-195">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_years_in_Europe:_1885–1891">Final years in Europe: 1885–1891</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Final years in Europe: 1885–1891">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HPB_by_Schmiechen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HPB_by_Schmiechen.jpg/170px-HPB_by_Schmiechen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HPB_by_Schmiechen.jpg/255px-HPB_by_Schmiechen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HPB_by_Schmiechen.jpg/340px-HPB_by_Schmiechen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="2928" /></a><figcaption>Mme. Blavatsky (painted by <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schmiechen" title="Hermann Schmiechen">Hermann Schmiechen</a>)</figcaption></figure> Worsening health led Blavatsky to contemplate a return to the milder climate of Europe, and resigning her position as corresponding secretary of the society, she left India in March 1885.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199385Lachman2012231-196">[195]</a> By 1885, the Theosophical Society had experienced rapid growth, with 121 lodges having been chartered across the world, 106 of which were located in India, Burma, and Ceylon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199368-197">[196]</a> Initially, each lodge was chartered directly from the Adyar headquarters, with members making democratic decisions by vote.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199368-197">[196]</a> However, over the coming years the lodges were organized into national units with their own ruling councils, resulting in tensions between the different levels of administration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199368-197">[196]</a> Settling in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, Italy, in April 1885, she began living off of a small Society pension and continued working on her next book, <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Doctrine" title="The Secret Doctrine">The Secret Doctrine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200414Lachman2012232-198">[197]</a> She then moved to <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>, where she was visited by a Swedish Theosophist, the Countess <a href="/wiki/Constance_Wachtmeister" title="Constance Wachtmeister">Constance Wachtmeister</a>, who became her constant companion throughout the rest of her life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200414Lachman2012232–233-199">[198]</a> In December 1885, the SPR published <a href="/wiki/Hodgson_Report" title="Hodgson Report">their report</a> on Blavatsky and her alleged phenomena, authored by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hodgson_(parapsychologist)" title="Richard Hodgson (parapsychologist)">Richard Hodgson</a>. In his report, Hodgson accused Blavatsky of being a spy for the Russian government, further accusing her of faking paranormal phenomena, largely on the basis of the Coulomb's claims.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198092–93Washington199382–83Goodrick-Clarke200413Lachman2012228–230,_236–237-200">[199]</a> The report caused much tension within the Society, with a number of Blavatsky's followers – among them Babaji and <a href="/wiki/Tallapragada_Subba_Row" title="Tallapragada Subba Row">Subba Row</a> – denouncing her and resigning from the organization on the basis of it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199387Lachman2012235-201">[200]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> For our own part, we regard [Blavatsky] neither as the mouthpiece of hidden seers, nor as a mere vulgar adventuress; we think that she has achieved a title to permanent remembrance as one of the most accomplished, ingenious, and interesting imposters in history. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—The statement of the Society for Psychical Research on the basis of the Hodgson Report.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198093-202">[201]</a></cite> </div> Blavatsky wanted to sue her accusers, although Olcott advised against it, believing that the surrounding publicity would damage the Society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199385-203">[202]</a> In private letters, Blavatsky expressed relief that the criticism was focused on her and that the identity of the Masters had not been publicly exposed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012235–236-204">[203]</a> For decades after, Theosophists criticized Hodgson's methodology, arguing that he set out to disprove and attack Blavatsky rather than conduct an unbiased analysis of her claims and abilities. In 1986 the SPR admitted this to be the case and retracted the findings of the report.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESociety_for_Psychical_Research1986-205">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston1993xvii–xviiiWashington199384Goodrick-Clarke200414Lachman2012238-206">[205]</a> However, Johnson has commented "Theosophists have overinterpreted this as complete vindication, when in fact many questions raised by Hodgson remain unanswered."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson19943-207">[206]</a> In 1886, by which time she was using a <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">wheelchair</a>, Blavatsky moved to <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a> in Belgium, where she was visited by Theosophists from across Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199387Goodrick-Clarke200414Lachman2012240–241-208">[207]</a> Among them was the doctor <a href="/wiki/William_Ashton_Ellis" title="William Ashton Ellis">William Ashton Ellis</a>, who treated her during a near-fatal illness in March 1887; Blavatsky credited him with saving her life.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> Supplementing her pension, she established a small ink-producing business.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012241-210">[209]</a> She received messages from members of the Society's London Lodge who were dissatisfied with Sinnett's running of it; they believed that he was focusing on attaining upper-class support rather than encouraging the promotion of Theosophy throughout society, a criticism Blavatsky agreed with.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012241–242-211">[210]</a> She arrived in London in May 1887, initially staying in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Norwood" title="Upper Norwood">Upper Norwood</a> home of Theosophist <a href="/wiki/Mabel_Collins" title="Mabel Collins">Mabel Collins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199391Lachman2012244-212">[211]</a> In September, she moved into the <a href="/wiki/Holland_Park" title="Holland Park">Holland Park</a> home of fellow Theosophists, <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Keightley" title="Bertram Keightley">Bertram Keightley</a> and his nephew <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Keightley" title="Archibald Keightley">Archibald Keightley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012245-213">[212]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blavatsky_and_Olcott.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Blavatsky_and_Olcott.jpg/250px-Blavatsky_and_Olcott.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Blavatsky_and_Olcott.jpg/375px-Blavatsky_and_Olcott.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Blavatsky_and_Olcott.jpg/500px-Blavatsky_and_Olcott.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption>Blavatsky and Olcott in 1888</figcaption></figure> In London, she established the <a href="/wiki/Blavatsky_Lodge" title="Blavatsky Lodge">Blavatsky Lodge</a> as a rival to that run by Sinnett, draining much of its membership.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199390Lachman2012245-214">[213]</a> Lodge meetings were held at the Keightleys' house on Thursday nights, with Blavatsky also greeting many visitors there, among them the occultist and poet <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199391Lachman2012246–247-215">[214]</a> In November 1889 she was visited by the Indian lawyer <a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a>, who was studying the <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a> with the Knightleys. He became an associate member of Blavatsky's Lodge in March 1891, and would emphasize the close connection between Theosophy and Hinduism throughout his life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012258–259-216">[215]</a> In 1888, Blavatsky established the Esoteric Section of the Theosophical Society, a group under her complete control for which admittance was restricted to those who had passed certain tests. She identified it as a place for "true Theosophists" who would focus on the system's philosophy rather than experiment with producing paranormal phenomena.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington1993100Lachman2012248–249-217">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publishing">Publishing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Publishing">edit</a>]</div> In London, Blavatsky founded a magazine, controversially titling it <a href="/wiki/Lucifer_(magazine)" title="Lucifer (magazine)">Lucifer</a>; in this Theosophical publication she sought to completely ignore claims regarding paranormal phenomena, and focus instead on a discussion of philosophical ideas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199390Lachman2012245–246-218">[217]</a> Blavatsky also finished writing The Secret Doctrine, which was then edited by the Keightleys.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199391Lachman2012246-219">[218]</a> As a commercial publisher willing to publish the approximately 1,500-page work could not be found, Blavatsky established the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theosophical_Publishing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theosophical Publishing Company (page does not exist)">Theosophical Publishing Company</a>, who brought out the work in two volumes, the first published in October 1888 and the second in January 1889.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199392Goodrick-Clarke200414Lachman2012249–250-220">[219]</a> Blavatsky claimed that the book constituted her commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Dzyan" title="Book of Dzyan">Book of Dzyan</a>, a religious text written in Senzar which she had been taught while studying in Tibet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199392Goodrick-Clarke200414Lachman2012250-221">[220]</a> Buddhologist <a href="/wiki/David_Reigle" title="David Reigle">David Reigle</a> claimed that he identified Books of Kiu-te, including Blavatsky's Book of Dzyan as a first volume, as the <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a> section of the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon" title="Tibetan Buddhist canon">Tibetan Buddhist canon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReigle1983-222">[221]</a> However, most scholars of Buddhism to have examined The Secret Doctrine have concluded that there was no such text as the Book of Dzyan, and that instead it was the fictional creation of Blavatsky's.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012257-223">[222]</a> In the book, Blavatsky outlined her own <a href="/wiki/Cosmogony" title="Cosmogony">cosmogonical</a> ideas about how the universe, the planets, and the human species came to exist. She also discussed her views about the human being and their soul, thus dealing with issues surrounding an afterlife.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199392–93Goodrick-Clarke200416–18Lachman2012255–256-224">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annie_Besant">Annie Besant</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Annie Besant">edit</a>]</div> The two-volume book was reviewed for the <a href="/wiki/Pall_Mall_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Pall Mall Gazette">Pall Mall Gazette</a> by the social reformer <a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a>; impressed by it, Besant met with Blavatsky and joined the Theosophists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199393Lachman2012157–258-225">[224]</a> In August 1890, Blavatsky moved in to Besant's large house at 19 <a href="/wiki/Avenue_Road,_London" title="Avenue Road, London">Avenue Road</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Wood" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Wood">St. John's Wood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington1993100Lachman2012259-226">[225]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woking_Crematorium_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Woking_Crematorium_2018.jpg/220px-Woking_Crematorium_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Woking_Crematorium_2018.jpg/330px-Woking_Crematorium_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Woking_Crematorium_2018.jpg/440px-Woking_Crematorium_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3986" data-file-height="2600" /></a><figcaption>Woking Crematorium in 2018</figcaption></figure> She appointed Besant to be the new head of the Blavatsky Lodge,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199399Lachman2012265-227">[226]</a> and in July 1890 inaugurated the new European headquarters of the Theosophical Society in Besant's house.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012265-228">[227]</a> There, she authored a book containing questions and corresponding answers, <a href="/wiki/The_Key_to_Theosophy" title="The Key to Theosophy">The Key to Theosophy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012260–261-229">[228]</a> This was followed by <a href="/wiki/The_Voice_of_the_Silence" title="The Voice of the Silence">The Voice of the Silence</a>, a short devotional text which she claimed was based on a Senzar text known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Book_of_the_Golden_Precepts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Book of the Golden Precepts (page does not exist)">The Book of the Golden Precepts</a>. As with The Secret Doctrine, most scholars of Buddhism have doubted that this latter text was an authentic Tibetan Buddhist document.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012261–262-230">[229]</a> She continued to face accusations of fraud; U.S. newspaper The Sun published a July 1890 article based on information provided by an ex-member of the Society, <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Coues" title="Elliott Coues">Elliott Coues</a>. Blavatsky sued the newspaper for libel, and they publicly retracted their accusations in September 1892.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantucci2006184Lachman2012268-231">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> That winter, Britain had been afflicted by an influenza epidemic (the global <a href="/wiki/1889%E2%80%931890_pandemic" title="1889–1890 pandemic">1889–1890 flu pandemic</a>), with Blavatsky contracting the virus. It led to her death on the afternoon of 8 May 1891, in Besant's house.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington1993100Goodrick-Clarke200417Lachman2012269-232">[231]</a> The date would come to be commemorated by Theosophists ever since as <a href="/wiki/White_Lotus_Day" title="White Lotus Day">White Lotus Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012270-233">[232]</a> Her body was <a href="/wiki/Cremated" class="mw-redirect" title="Cremated">cremated</a> at <a href="/wiki/Woking_Crematorium" title="Woking Crematorium">Woking Crematorium</a> on 11 May.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012271-234">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Blavatsky talked incessantly in a guttural voice, sometimes wittily and sometimes crudely. She was indifferent to sex yet frank and open about it; fonder of animals than of people; welcoming, unpretentious, scandalous, capricious and rather noisy. She was also humorous, vulgar, impulsive and warm-hearted, and didn't give a hoot for anyone or anything. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Biographer Peter Washington, 1993.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199341-235">[234]</a></cite> </div> The biographer Peter Washington described Blavatsky as "a short, stout, forceful woman, with strong arms, several chins, unruly hair, a determined mouth, and large, liquid, slightly bulging eyes".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199326-236">[235]</a> She had distinctive azure-colored eyes,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198024-237">[236]</a> and was <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">overweight</a> throughout her life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198024Godwin1994bxv-238">[237]</a> According to the biographer <a href="/wiki/Marion_Meade" title="Marion Meade">Marion Meade</a>, Blavatsky's "general appearance was outrageously untidy".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980167-239">[238]</a> In later life, she was known for wearing loose robes, and wore many rings on her fingers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199341-235">[234]</a> She was a heavy cigarette smoker throughout her life,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980152Washington199341Lachman201240–41-240">[239]</a> and was known for smoking <a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">hashish</a> at times.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198065-241">[240]</a> She lived simply and her followers believed that she refused to accept monetary payment in return for disseminating her teachings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston1993xix-242">[241]</a> Blavatsky preferred to be known by the initialism "HPB",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012ix-243">[242]</a> a sobriquet applied to her by many of her friends which was first developed by Olcott.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199343-244">[243]</a> She avoided social functions and was scornful of social obligations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198049-245">[244]</a> She spoke Russian, Georgian, English, French, Italian, Arabic, and Sanskrit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGodwin1994bxv-246">[245]</a> Meade referred to her as "an eccentric who abided by no rules except her own",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade19807-247">[246]</a> someone who had "utter disregard for the Victorian code of morality".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198071-248">[247]</a> Meade believed that Blavatsky perceived herself as a <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">messianic</a> figure whose purpose was to save the world by promoting Theosophy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade19807-247">[246]</a> Lachman stated that Blavatsky exhibited what he referred to as "Russian traits – an intense devotion to spiritual truth, combined with a profound contradictory character."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201226-249">[248]</a> Washington expressed the view that she was "a persuasive story-teller [with the] power to fascinate others" although noted that she was also "self-absorbed and egotistical".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199330-250">[249]</a> For Meade, Blavatsky had a "vivid imagination" and a "propensity for lying".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980161-251">[250]</a> Godwin noted that Blavatsky had "a fearsome temper".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGodwin1994bxv-246">[245]</a> The religious studies scholar Bruce F. Campbell noted that she had been a "strong-willed, independent child", and that the harsh environment of her childhood might have resulted in her "difficulty in controlling her temper and ... her tendency to swear".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell19803-252">[251]</a> In his opinion, she represented "an archetypal charismatic leader".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell1980100-253">[252]</a> Anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Leo_Klejn" title="Leo Klejn">Leo Klejn</a> claimed that Blavatsky's indefatigability and energy were surprising.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEКлейн2011-254">[253]</a> The Indologist <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Senkevich" title="Alexander Senkevich">Alexander Senkevich</a> stated that Blavatsky's <a href="/wiki/Charisma" title="Charisma">charisma</a> exerted influence on <a href="/wiki/Charles_Massey" title="Charles Massey">Charles Massey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stainton_Moses" class="mw-redirect" title="Stainton Moses">Stainton Moses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEСенкевич2010403-255">[254]</a> Blavatsky's sexuality has been an issue of dispute; many biographers believed that she remained celibate throughout her life,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201231-256">[255]</a> with Washington believing that she "hated sex with her own sort of passion".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199388-257">[256]</a> In later life she stated that she was a virgin, although she had been married to two men during her lifetime.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade19807-247">[246]</a> Throughout its early years, the Theosophical Society promoted celibacy, even within marriage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGodwin1994348-258">[257]</a> Some have suggested that she may have been a lesbian or <a href="/wiki/Transvestite" class="mw-redirect" title="Transvestite">transvestite</a>, due to early accounts in which she traveled while dressed in masculine attire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201234–35-259">[258]</a> Meade thought that Blavatsky had, with a few exceptions, been "contemptuous" of other women, suggesting that while this may have been the result of general societal <a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">misogyny</a>, it may have reflected that Blavatsky had been jilted by another woman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198024-237">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socio-political_beliefs">Socio-political beliefs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Socio-political beliefs">edit</a>]</div> Godwin suggested that Blavatsky's life work was "not only spiritual but socially idealistic and fiercely political".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGodwin1994bxviii-260">[259]</a> He suggested that her "emotional fuel" was partly "a hatred of oppression", which Godwin claimed was either through the intellectual domination of Christianity or British colonial rule in India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGodwin1994bxviii-260">[259]</a> Conversely, Meade thought Blavatsky to be "basically a non-political person".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade1980198-261">[260]</a> Blavatsky's social and political beliefs, like much else in her life, are not always consistent, though reflect what she felt she could reveal of a larger vision. That was, more than anything else, the vision of the succession of root races. These races were a flexible category, cultural as well as physiological, with races often combining in the course of history. Moreover, inspired by recent acrimonious debates over evolution, they are also dynamic, emergent forces. Gary Lachman wrote, "Although few historians have noted it, in Isis Unveiled (1877), Blavatsky presented the first major intellectual – not religious – criticism of evolution." {Lachman 2012, 159–60} Blavatsky held that Darwinism explained human physical evolution, while spirituality followed another developmental pattern.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The scholar of religion <a href="/wiki/Olav_Hammer" title="Olav Hammer">Olav Hammer</a> noted that "on rare occasions" Blavatsky's writings are "overtly racist",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammer2001121-262">[261]</a> adding that her antisemitism "derives from the unfortunate position of Judaism as the origin of Christianity" and refers to "the intense dislike she felt for Christianity".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammer2001121-262">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theories_and_doctrines">Theories and doctrines</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Theories and doctrines">edit</a>]</div> According to Meade, Blavatsky assembled her theories and doctrines gradually, in a piecemeal fashion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198080-263">[262]</a> Blavatsky claimed that these Theosophical doctrines were not her own invention, but had been received from a brotherhood of secretive spiritual adepts whom she referred to as the "Masters" or "Mahatmas".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson19941-264">[263]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theosophy,_the_Masters,_and_the_"Ancient_Wisdom"">Theosophy, the Masters, and the "Ancient Wisdom"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Theosophy, the Masters, and the "Ancient Wisdom"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emb_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Emb_logo.png/200px-Emb_logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Emb_logo.png/300px-Emb_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Emb_logo.png/400px-Emb_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The logo for the Theosophical Society brought together various ancient symbols</figcaption></figure> Blavatsky was the leading theoretician of the Theosophical Society,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantucci2006b1114Lachman2012135–136-265">[264]</a> responsible for establishing its "doctrinal basis".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBednarowski1980221-266">[265]</a> The ideas expounded in her published texts provide the basis from which the Society and wider Theosophical movement emerged.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantucci2006b1114-267">[266]</a> Blavatsky's Theosophical ideas were a form of <a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">occultism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> She subscribed to the anti-Christian current of thought within Western esotericism which emphasized the idea of an ancient and universal "occult science" that should be revived.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanegraaff201340-269">[268]</a> Blavatsky stated that the Theosophical teachings were passed on to her by adepts, who lived in various parts of the world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston1993xix-242">[241]</a> Fundamentally, the underlying concept behind Blavatsky's Theosophy was that there was an "ancient wisdom religion" which had once been found across the world, and which was known to various ancient figures, such as the Greek philosopher <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> and the ancient Hindu sages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell198036Goodrick-Clarke2008216-270">[269]</a> Blavatsky connected this ancient wisdom religion to Hermetic philosophy, a worldview in which everything in the universe is identified as an emanation from a Godhead.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2008216-271">[270]</a> Blavatsky believed that all of the world's religions developed from this original global faith.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2008216-271">[270]</a> Blavatsky understood her Theosophy to be the heir to the Neoplatonist philosophers of <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a>, who had also embraced Hermetic philosophy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2008217-272">[271]</a> Blavatsky claimed that due to <a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">Christianization</a> in Europe, this magical tradition was lost there, but it persisted in modified form in India and Africa, promoting a self-consciously magical <a href="/wiki/Disenchantment" title="Disenchantment">disenchantment</a> narrative.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJosephson-Storm2017117-273">[272]</a> In turn, Blavatsky believed that the Theosophical movement's revival of the "ancient wisdom religion" would lead to it spreading across the world, eclipsing the established world religions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2008216-271">[270]</a> Thus, in bringing these Theosophical ideas to humanity, Blavatsky viewed herself as a <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">messianic</a> figure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade19807-247">[246]</a> According to Goodrick-Clarke, the Theosophical Society "disseminated an elaborate philosophical edifice involving a cosmogony, the macrocosm of the universe, spiritual hierarchies, and intermediary beings, the latter having correspondences with a hierarchical conception of the microcosm of man."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2008220-274">[273]</a> Officially, the Society-based itself upon the following three objectives: <ol><li>To form a nucleus of the Universal Brotherhood of Humanity, without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste, or color.</li> <li>To encourage the study of Comparative Religion, Philosophy, and Science.</li> <li>To investigate the unexplained laws of Nature and the powers latent in man.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199369Goodrick-Clarke200411Lachman2012134-275">[274]</a></li></ol> Washington believed that the purpose of these three precepts was to lead to the "discovery of the powers latent in man through the occult study of science, philosophy and religion [which] shall be the preferred route to the social harmony and equality which will prefigure – and perhaps become – the divine harmony."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199369-276">[275]</a> While living in New York City, Blavatsky had referred to herself as a "Buddhist",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGodwin1994322-277">[276]</a> although officially embraced Buddhism only while in Ceylon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGodwin1994321–322-278">[277]</a> However, Lachman stated that her Buddhism was "highly eccentric and had little to do with the Buddhism of scholars like [Max] Müller or that of your average Buddhist".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012202-172">[171]</a> Blavatsky argued that <a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a> had sought to return to the teachings of the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>, and that Buddhism therefore represented a more accurate survival of ancient <a href="/wiki/Brahmanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmanism">Brahmanism</a> than modern Hinduism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994757-279">[278]</a> Although critical of <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, and opposing their growth in Asia, throughout her life she remained highly sympathetic to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>, commenting that "with the faith of the Russian Church I will not even compare Buddhism".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutton199919-280">[279]</a> <a href="/wiki/G._R._S._Mead" title="G. R. S. Mead">G. R. S. Mead</a> proclaimed, "Two things in all the chaos of her [Blavatsky's] cosmos stood firm in every mood – that her Teachers existed and that she had not cheated."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMead1920-281">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theology,_cosmogony,_and_the_place_of_humanity">Theology, cosmogony, and the place of humanity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Theology, cosmogony, and the place of humanity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Blavatsky's writings garnered the materials of Neoplatonism, Renaissance magic, Kabbalah, and Freemasonry, together with ancient Egyptian and Greco-Roman mythology and religion, joined by Eastern doctrines taken from Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta to present the idea of an ancient wisdom handed down from prehistoric times. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Historian Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2008212-282">[281]</a></cite> </div> Blavatsky expounded what has been described as a "monotheistic, immanentist, and mystical cosmology".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994759-283">[282]</a> Blavatsky was a <a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">pantheist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGodwin1994328-284">[283]</a> and emphasized the idea of an impersonal divinity, referring to the Theosophical God as a "universal Divine Principle, the root of All, from which all proceeds, and within which all shall be absorbed at the end of the great cycle of being".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBednarowski1980221-266">[265]</a> She was dismissive of the Christian idea of God in the Western world, describing it as "a bundle of contradictions and a logical impossibility."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBednarowski1980221-266">[265]</a> She stated that the universe emanated from this Divine Principle, with each particle of matter being infused with a spark of the divine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994753-285">[284]</a> Lower Orders emanated from higher ones, before becoming increasingly dense and being absorbed back into the Divine Principle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994753-285">[284]</a> This cosmology exhibited commonalities with the scientific discoveries of geology and biological evolution, both of which had been revealed by scientific inquiry during the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994753-285">[284]</a> In The Secret Doctrine, Blavatsky articulated the belief that in the beginning of time there was absolute nothingness. This primordial essence then separated itself into seven Rays, which were also intelligent beings known as the Dhyan Chohans; these Seven Rays then created the universe using an energy called Fohat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012255-286">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn1992199-287">[286]</a> The Earth was created and underwent seven Rounds, in each of which different living beings were created.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012255-286">[285]</a> Blavatsky advocated the idea of "<a href="/wiki/Root_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="Root Race">Root Races</a>", each of which was divided into seven Sub-Races.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012256-288">[287]</a> In Blavatsky's cosmogony, the first Root Race were created from pure spirit and lived on a continent known as the "Imperishable Sacred Land".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012255-286">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn1992222-289">[288]</a> The second Root Race, known as the Hyperboreans, were also formed from pure spirit and lived on a land near to the North Pole, which then had a mild climate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012255-286">[285]</a> The third lived on the continent of <a href="/wiki/Lemuria_(continent)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemuria (continent)">Lemuria</a>, which Blavatsky alleged survives today as Australia and Rapa Nui.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012255–256-290">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn1992224-291">[290]</a> Blavatsky alleged that during the fourth Round of the Earth, higher beings descended to the planet, with the beginnings of human physical bodies developing and the sexes separating.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012256-288">[287]</a> At this point, the fourth Root Race appeared, living on the continent of <a href="/wiki/Atlantis" title="Atlantis">Atlantis</a>; they had physical bodies but also psychic powers and advanced technology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn1992225-292">[291]</a> She claimed that some Atlanteans were giants and built such ancient monuments as <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a> in southern England and that they also mated with "she-animals", resulting in the creation of gorillas and <a href="/wiki/Common_chimpanzee" class="mw-redirect" title="Common chimpanzee">chimpanzees</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012256-288">[287]</a> The Atlanteans were decadent and abused their power and knowledge, so Atlantis sunk into the sea, although various Atlanteans escaped and created new societies in Egypt and the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012256-288">[287]</a> The fifth Root Race to emerge was the Aryans and was found across the world at the time she was writing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012256-288">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn1992226-293">[292]</a> She believed that the fifth Race would come to be replaced by the sixth, which would be heralded by the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a>, a figure from Mahayana Buddhist mythology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2008223-294">[293]</a> She further believed that humanity would eventually develop into the final, seventh Root Race.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012256-288">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> Lachman suggested that by reading Blavatsky's cosmogonical claims as a literal account of history, "we may be doing it a disservice."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012256-288">[287]</a> He instead suggested that it could be read as Blavatsky's attempt to formulate "a new myth for the modern age, or as a huge, fantastic science fiction story".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012256-288">[287]</a> Blavatsky taught that humans composed of three separate parts: a divine spark, an astral fluid body, and the physical body.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994755-296">[295]</a> Later Blavatsky proclaimed the septenary of Man and Universe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlavatsky1962sect._vi-297">[296]</a> According to Blavatsky, man is composed of seven parts: <a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Atma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhi" title="Buddhi">Buddhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mental_body" title="Mental body">Manas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a> rupa, <a href="/wiki/Astral_body" title="Astral body">Linga sharira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">Prana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Physical_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical body">Sthula sharira</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlavatsky1962sect._vi-297">[296]</a> In Isis Unveiled, Blavatsky denied that humans would be <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnated</a> back on the Earth after physical death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2008221-298">[297]</a> However, by the time that she had authored The Secret Doctrine, she had changed her opinion on this issue, likely influenced by her time in India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanegraaff2013135-299">[298]</a> Here, she stated that the law of reincarnation was governed by <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karma</a>, with humanity's final purpose being the emancipation of the soul from the cycle of death and rebirth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2008225-300">[299]</a> She believed that knowledge of karma would ensure that human beings lived according to moral principles, arguing that it provided a far greater basis for moral action than that of the Christian doctrine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994761-301">[300]</a> Blavatsky wrote, in Isis Unveiled, that Spiritualism "alone offers a possible last refuge of compromise between" the "revealed religions and materialistic philosophies". While she acknowledged that fanatic believers "remained blind to its imperfections", she wrote that such a fact was "no excuse to doubt its reality" and asserted that Spiritualist fanaticism was "itself a proof of the genuineness and possibility of their phenomena".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlavatsky1877ax–xi-302">[301]</a> Goodrick-Clarke noted that Blavatsky's cosmology contained all four of the prime characteristics of Western esotericism that had been identified by the scholar <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Faivre" title="Antoine Faivre">Antoine Faivre</a>: "(a) correspondences between all parts of the universe, the macrocosm and microcosm; (b) living nature as a complex, plural, hierarchical, and animate whole; (c) imagination and mediations in the form of intermediary spirits, symbols, and mandalas; and (d) the experience of transmutation of the soul through purification and ascent."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke2008224-303">[302]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Controversy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> [Blavatsky was] one of the most significant, controversial, and prolific of modern esotericists ... It is more than evident that, whatever one thinks of the more flamboyant aspects of this remarkable and many-sided woman, she possessed a keen intellect and a wide-ranging vision of what occultism could be in the modern world. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Robert Ellwood, 2005, Religious studies scholar and Vice-President of the Theosophical Society in America (2002-2005).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllwood2005110-304">[303]</a></cite> </div> Blavatsky was (and is) a controversial figure. Blavatsky's devotees often try to attribute the criticism that she has sustained to the fact that she attacked the vested interests of both the Christian establishment and the material scientific skeptics rather than as a reaction to her alleged frauds and impostures. Thus, all critics of her are deflected by her believers (who say that "the slanders on her reputation are the signs of grace: the stigmata that all great martyrs must bear").<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199345–46-305">[304]</a> Various authors, including <a href="/wiki/William_Emmette_Coleman" title="William Emmette Coleman">William Emmette Coleman</a> and others, have questioned the authenticity of her writings by citing evidence that they are heavily plagiarized from older esoteric sources,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuénon200482–89-306">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell1980-307">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESedgwick2004[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidGcUFmQ-NF_0CpgPA44_44]-308">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a> pronouncing her claim of the existence of masters of wisdom to be utterly false, and accusing her of being a charlatan, false medium, and falsifier of letters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESedgwick200444Campbell198032–34-310">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHower1995-311">[310]</a> Eastern literature scholar <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lillie" title="Arthur Lillie">Arthur Lillie</a> published a list of extracts from mystic works next to extracts from Blavatsky's writings purporting to show her extensive plagiarism in his book Madame Blavatsky and her Theosophy. Lillie also analyzed the Mahatma letters and asserted, based on peculiarities of expression and spelling, that they had been written by Blavatsky.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker1925134–139,_etc.-312">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison1997-174">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist School">Traditionalist School</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">René Guénon</a> wrote a detailed critique of Theosophy in which he claimed that Blavatsky had acquired all her knowledge naturally from other books rather than supernatural so-called "masters".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuénon200482–89-306">[305]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a> virulently criticized her work, and <a href="/wiki/Agehananda_Bharati" title="Agehananda Bharati">Agehananda Bharati</a> dismissed it as "a melee of horrendous hogwash and of fertile inventions of inane esoterica". <a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Mircea Eliade</a> suggested that her theory of spiritual evolution contradicts the entire spirit of Eastern tradition, which is "precisely an anti-evolutionist conception of the spiritual life".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOldmeadow2004131-313">[312]</a> After her death, Blavatsky continued to be accused of having fraudulently produced paranormal phenomena by skeptics such as <a href="/wiki/John_Nevil_Maskelyne" title="John Nevil Maskelyne">John Nevil Maskelyne</a>,<a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Carroll" title="Robert Todd Carroll">Robert Todd Carroll</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll2003376-315">[314]</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi">James Randi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERandi1997-316">[315]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Influence">edit</a>]</div> According to religious studies scholar <a href="/wiki/Mark_Bevir" title="Mark Bevir">Mark Bevir</a>, Blavatsky "adapted the occult tradition to meet the challenge of Victorian science and morality".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994764-317">[316]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hutton" title="Ronald Hutton">Ronald Hutton</a> described Blavatsky as "one of the century's truly international figures" whose ideas gained "considerable popularity".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutton199918-318">[317]</a> Various biographers have noted that, by the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Blavatsky was little-known among the general public.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199345Lachman2012xi-319">[318]</a> In 2006, scholar <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_A._Santucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James A. Santucci (page does not exist)">James A. Santucci</a> nevertheless noted that she was "as visible today as any modern trend-setting guru, and she will most likely remain the most memorable and innovative esotericist of the 19th century."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantucci2006184-320">[319]</a> Some scholars have suggested that Blavatsky sometimes spoke and/or wrote while in <a href="/wiki/Altered_states_of_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Altered states of consciousness">altered states of consciousness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFodor2003-321">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKalnitsky2003180-322">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEСенкевич2010427-323">[322]</a> <a href="/wiki/G._R._S._Mead" title="G. R. S. Mead">G. R. S. Mead</a> wrote about Blavatsky, "I know no one who detested, more than she did, any attempt to hero-worship herself – she positively physically shuddered at any expression of reverence to herself – as a spiritual teacher; I have heard her cry out in genuine alarm at an attempt to kneel to her made by an enthusiastic admirer."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMead1920-281">[280]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Klejn" title="Leo Klejn">Leo Klejn</a> wrote about Blavatsky: "Indefatigability and energy of this woman were surprising. She had a revolutionary's merits."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEКлейн2011-254">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[b]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mabel_Collins" title="Mabel Collins">Mabel Collins</a>, an associate and publisher of <a href="/wiki/Lucifer_(magazine)" title="Lucifer (magazine)">Lucifer</a> between 1887 and 1889, believed Blavatsky's influence to be derived largely from a talent for manipulation. After leaving the Theosopical movement, Collins said that "she taught me one great lesson. I learned from her how foolish, how 'gullible', how easily flattered human beings are, taken en masse. Her contempt for her kind was on the same gigantic scale as everything else about her, except her marvellously delicate taper fingers. In all else, she was a big woman. She had a greater power over the weak and credulous, a greater capacity for making black appear white, a larger waist, a more voracious appetite, a more confirmed passion for tobacco, a more ceaseless and insatiable hatred for those whom she thought to be her enemies, a greater disrespect for les convenances, a worse temper, a greater command of bad language, and a greater contempt for the intelligence of her fellow-beings than I had ever supposed possible to be contained in one person. These, I suppose, must be reckoned as her vices, though whether a creature so indifferent to all ordinary standards of right and wrong can be held to have virtues or vices, I know not."<a href="#cite_note-325">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[324]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leo_Tolstoy_The_Voice_of_the_Silence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Leo_Tolstoy_The_Voice_of_the_Silence.jpg/220px-Leo_Tolstoy_The_Voice_of_the_Silence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Leo_Tolstoy_The_Voice_of_the_Silence.jpg/330px-Leo_Tolstoy_The_Voice_of_the_Silence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Leo_Tolstoy_The_Voice_of_the_Silence.jpg/440px-Leo_Tolstoy_The_Voice_of_the_Silence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>The book <a href="/wiki/The_Voice_of_the_Silence" title="The Voice of the Silence">The Voice of the Silence</a> presented by Blavatsky to Leo Tolstoy</figcaption></figure> Blavatsky presented her book, The Voice of the Silence, to <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>. In his works, Tolstoy used the dicta from Theosophischer Wegweiser, a Theosophical journal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEТолстой195567-327">[325]</a> In his 12 February 1903, diary entry, Tolstoy wrote: "I am reading a beautiful theosophical journal and find many commonalities with my understanding."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEТолстой1935155-328">[326]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theosophical_movement">Theosophical movement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Theosophical movement">edit</a>]</div> According to Kalnitsky, the Theosophical movement of the nineteenth century was created and defined in the main through the astuteness and conceptual ideas provided by H.P. Blavatsky. He stated that "without her <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Charismatic leader">charismatic leadership</a> and uncompromising promotion of the Theosophical agenda, it appears unlikely that the movement could have attained its unique form."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKalnitsky2003331-329">[327]</a> By the time of her death in 1891 she was the acknowledged head of a community numbering nearly 100,000, with journalistic organs in London, Paris, New York and Madras.<a href="#cite_note-330">[328]</a> Her writings have been translated and published in a wide range of European and Asian languages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston1993xxii-331">[329]</a> Blavatsky's Theosophy redirected the interest in Spiritualism toward a more coherent doctrine that included cosmology with theory of evolution in an understanding of humanity's spiritual development.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200418-332">[330]</a> Further, it took the traditional sources of Western esotericism and globalized them by restating many of their ideas in terminology adopted from Asian religions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200418-332">[330]</a> Blavatsky's Theosophy was able to appeal to women by de-emphasizing the importance of gender and allowing them to take on spiritual leadership equal to that of men, thus allowing them a greater role than that permitted in traditional Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBednarowski1980222-333">[331]</a> Since its inception, and through doctrinal assimilation or divergence, Theosophy has also given rise to or influenced the development of other mystical, philosophical, and religious movements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton1990xxv–xxvi-334">[332]</a> During the 1920s the <a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society_Adyar" title="Theosophical Society Adyar">Theosophical Society Adyar</a> had around 7,000 members in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETillett1986942–947-335">[333]</a> There also was a substantial following in Asia. According to a Theosophical source, the Indian section in 2008 was said to have around 13,000 members while in the US the 2008 membership was reported at around 3,900.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETIS2009-336">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_esotericism">Western esotericism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Western esotericism">edit</a>]</div> Blavatsky's Theosophy has been described as representing "a major factor in the modern revival" of Western esotericism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20042-337">[335]</a> Godwin deemed there to be "no more important figure in modern times" within the Western esoteric tradition than Blavatsky.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGodwin1994bxv-246">[245]</a> For Johnson, Blavatsky was "a central figure in the nineteenth-century occult revival".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson19942-338">[336]</a> Lachman claimed that "practically all modern occultism and esotericism" can trace its origins back to her influence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012xi-339">[337]</a> Blavatsky's published Theosophical ideas, particularly those regarding Root Races, have been cited as an influence on <a href="/wiki/Ariosophy" title="Ariosophy">Ariosophy</a>, the esoteric movement established in late 19th- and early 20th-century Germany and Austria by <a href="/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List">Guido von List</a> and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Lanz_von_Liebenfels" title="Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels">Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardell200321–22Lachman2012251-340">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spielvogel1986-341">[339]</a> Hannah Newman stated that via Ariosophy, Blavatsky's Theosophical ideas "contributed to Nazi ideology".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewman200573-342">[340]</a> Nevertheless, Lachman has asserted that Blavatsky should not be held accountable to any of the <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racist</a> ideas that the Ariosophists promoted, commenting that were she alive to witness the development of Ariosophy she probably would have denounced its ideas regarding race.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012251-343">[341]</a> Blavatsky's Theosophical ideas regarding Root Races have also been cited as an influence on <a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a>, the esoteric movement developed by <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Rudolf Steiner</a> in early 20th-century Germany,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaudenmaier20086–7-344">[342]</a> with Steiner's <a href="/wiki/Anthroposophical_Society" title="Anthroposophical Society">Anthroposophical Society</a> being <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner_and_the_Theosophical_Society" title="Rudolf Steiner and the Theosophical Society">termed a "historical offshoot" of the Theosophical Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994765-345">[343]</a> Blavatsky's Theosophy has been cited as an influence on the <a href="/wiki/New_Age_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="New Age Movement">New Age Movement</a>, an esoteric current that emerged in Western nations during the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994765Goodrick-Clarke200418Santucci2006184-346">[344]</a> "No single organization or movement has contributed so many components to the New Age Movement as the Theosophical Society. ... It has been the major force in the dissemination of occult literature in the West in the twentieth century."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton1990458–461-347">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[c]</a> Other organizations loosely based on Theosophical texts and doctrines include the <a href="/wiki/Agni_Yoga" title="Agni Yoga">Agni Yoga</a>, and a group of religions based on Theosophy called the <a href="/wiki/Ascended_Master_Teachings" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascended Master Teachings">Ascended Master Teachings</a>: the <a href="/wiki/%22I_AM%22_Activity" title=""I AM" Activity">"I AM" Activity</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_to_Freedom" title="The Bridge to Freedom">The Bridge to Freedom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Medicine" title="Universal Medicine">Universal Medicine</a> and The Summit Lighthouse, which evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Church_Universal_and_Triumphant" title="Church Universal and Triumphant">Church Universal and Triumphant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-350">[347]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linguistics">Linguistics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Linguistics">edit</a>]</div> American scholar of religion Jason Josephson-Storm has argued that Blavatsky and her Theosophical Society influenced late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century academic <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>. Josephson-Storm notes that Blavatsky's linguistic theories and typologies were widely circulated in Europe, and that influential linguists such as <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Louis_Burnouf" title="Émile-Louis Burnouf">Émile-Louis Burnouf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lee_Whorf" title="Benjamin Lee Whorf">Benjamin Lee Whorf</a> either practiced Theosophy as promoted by the Theosophical Society or publicly defended its doctrines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJosephson-Storm2017119–20-351">[348]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Ferdinand de Saussure</a> is also known to have attended <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ance" title="Séance">séances</a> and wrote a lengthy analysis of the Theosophical claims about linguistics and India, "la théosophie brahmanique (Brahamanic Theosophy)" while delivering his <a href="/wiki/Cours_de_linguistique_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" class="mw-redirect" title="Cours de linguistique générale">Cours de linguistique générale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJosephson-Storm2017119-352">[349]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Asian_religion_and_politics">South Asian religion and politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: South Asian religion and politics">edit</a>]</div> Hutton suggested that Blavatsky had a greater impact in Asia than in the Western world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutton199919-280">[279]</a> Blavatsky has been cited as having inspired Hindus to respect their own religious roots.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade19808-353">[350]</a> The Theosophical Society influenced the growth of Indian national consciousness, with prominent figures in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>, among them Mohandas Gandhi and <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, being inspired by Theosophy to study their own national heritage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200417-354">[351]</a> The Theosophical Society had a major influence on <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Hindu reform movements</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacMahan2008-355">[352]</a> while Blavatsky and Olcott took part in <a href="/wiki/Anagarika_Dharmapala" title="Anagarika Dharmapala">Anagarika Dharmapala</a>'s revival of <a href="/wiki/Theravada_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada Buddhism">Theravada Buddhism</a> in Ceylon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGombrich2003185–188-356">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFields199283–118-357">[354]</a> Meade stated that "more than any other single individual", Blavatsky was responsible for bringing a knowledge of Eastern religion and philosophy to the West.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade19808-353">[350]</a> Blavatsky believed that Indian religion offered answers to problems then facing Westerners; in particular, she believed that Indian religion contained an evolutionary cosmology which complemented Darwinian evolutionary theory, and that the Indian doctrine of reincarnation met many of the moral qualms surrounding <a href="/wiki/Vicarious_atonement" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicarious atonement">vicarious atonement</a> and eternal <a href="/wiki/Damnation" title="Damnation">damnation</a> that preoccupied 19th-century Westerners.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994748-358">[355]</a> In doing so, Meade believed that Blavatsky paved the way for the emergence of later movements such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">International Society for Krishna Consciousness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation_movement" title="Transcendental Meditation movement">Transcendental Meditation movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zen_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Zen Buddhism">Zen Buddhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a> in the West.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade19808-353">[350]</a> Hutton believed that the two greatest achievements of Blavatsky's movement were in popularizing belief in reincarnation and in a singular divine <a href="/wiki/Anima_mundi" title="Anima mundi">world soul</a> within the West.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutton199920-359">[356]</a> Blavatsky "both incorporated a number of the doctrines of eastern religions into her occultism, and interpreted eastern religions in the light of her occultism", in doing so extending a view of the "mystical East" that had already been popularized through Romanticist poetry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994674-360">[357]</a> <a href="/wiki/Max_M%C3%BCller" title="Max Müller">Max Müller</a> scathingly criticized Blavatsky's Esoteric Buddhism. Whilst he was willing to give her credit for good motives, at least at the beginning of her career, in his view she ceased to be truthful both to herself and to others with her later "hysterical writings and performances". There is a nothing esoteric or secretive in Buddhism, he wrote, in fact the very opposite. "Whatever was esoteric was ipso facto not Buddha's teaching; whatever was Buddha's teaching was ipso facto not esoteric".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller1893a-361">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[d]</a> Blavatsky, it seemed to Müller, "was either deceived by others or carried away by her own imaginations."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller1902-363">[359]</a> Blavatsky responded to those academic specialists in Indian religion who accused her of misrepresenting it by claiming that they understood only the exoteric nature of Hinduism and Buddhism and not the inner esoteric secrets of these faiths, which she traced back to the ancient Vedas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994758–759-364">[360]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isis_Unveiled:_A_Master-Key_to_the_Mysteries_of_Ancient_and_Modern_Science_and_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Isis Unveiled: A Master-Key to the Mysteries of Ancient and Modern Science and Theology">Isis Unveiled: A Master-Key to the Mysteries of Ancient and Modern Science and Theology</a> (1877)</li> <li>Studies in Occultism: A collection of articles from Lucifer (1887–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_the_Caves_and_Jungles_of_Hindostan" title="From the Caves and Jungles of Hindostan">From the Caves and Jungles of Hindostan</a> (1879–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Doctrine:_The_Synthesis_of_Science,_Religion_and_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Secret Doctrine: The Synthesis of Science, Religion and Philosophy">The Secret Doctrine: The Synthesis of Science, Religion and Philosophy</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_of_the_Silence" title="The Voice of the Silence">The Voice of the Silence</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Key_to_Theosophy" title="The Key to Theosophy">The Key to Theosophy</a> (1889)</li> <li>Nightmare Tales (1907)</li> <li>The Land of the Gods (2022)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Webster_Leadbeater" title="Charles Webster Leadbeater">Charles Webster Leadbeater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bailey" title="Alice Bailey">Alice Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Creme" title="Benjamin Creme">Benjamin Creme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Roerich" title="Helena Roerich">Helena Roerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer-Lytton" title="Edward Bulwer-Lytton">Edward Bulwer-Lytton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schola_Philosophicae_Initiationis" title="Schola Philosophicae Initiationis">Schola Philosophicae Initiationis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Alexander Scriabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Rudolf Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_Thomsen" title="Martinus Thomsen">Martinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_mysticism" title="Theosophical mysticism">Theosophical mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_and_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosophy and Buddhism">Theosophy and Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_and_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosophy and Christianity">Theosophy and Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosophy and Hinduism">Theosophy and Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_and_literature" title="Theosophy and literature">Theosophy and literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_and_visual_arts" title="Theosophy and visual arts">Theosophy and visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_and_Western_philosophy" title="Theosophy and Western philosophy">Theosophy and Western philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulpa" title="Tulpa">Tulpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_Tweedale" title="Violet Tweedale">Violet Tweedale</a>, close associate of Blavatsky</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_Theosophy%3F" title="What Is Theosophy?">What Is Theosophy?</a>" – article by Blavatsky</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Russian: Елена Петровна Блаватская, romanized: Yelena Petrovna Blavatskaya, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Олена Петрівна Блаватська, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: Olena Petrivna Blavatska </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> Theosophist Leadbeater claimed that, at the time of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, Blavatsky was "in <a href="/wiki/Incarnation" title="Incarnation">incarnation</a> under the name of Père Joseph" and worked with "the <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_S._Germain" class="mw-redirect" title="Comte de S. Germain">Comte de S. Germain</a>".<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeadbeater1992" class="citation cs2">Leadbeater, Charles Webster (1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anandgholap.net/Hidden_Life_In_Freemasonry-CWL.htm">The Hidden Life in Freemasonry</a>, Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56459-026-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56459-026-8"><bdi>978-1-56459-026-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hidden+Life+in+Freemasonry&rft.place=Whitefish%2C+MT&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-56459-026-8&rft.aulast=Leadbeater&rft.aufirst=Charles+Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anandgholap.net%2FHidden_Life_In_Freemasonry-CWL.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> The "Chronology of the New Age Movement" in New Age Encyclopedia begins with the formation of the Theosophical Society in 1875.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton1990ix,&nbsp;xxxviii-348">[346]</a> See <a href="#CITEREFLewisMelton1994">Lewis & Melton 1994</a>, xi. </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> For Sinnett's response and Müller's rejoinder, see <a href="#CITEREFSinnett1893">Sinnett 1893</a> and <a href="#CITEREFMüller1893b">Müller 1893b</a>. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pierce-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pierce_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pierce_2-1">b</a> Lori Pierce, "Origins of Buddhism in North America", in Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America, Rosemary Skinner Keller, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Marie Cantlon (eds.) Indiana University Press, 2006. p. 637 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012xii–xiii-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman2012xii–xiii_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, pp. xii–xiii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200423-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200423_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2004">Goodrick-Clarke 2004</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012xvi-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman2012xvi_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. xvi. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston19938Goodrick-Clarke20042Lachman20125-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECranston19938Goodrick-Clarke20042Lachman20125_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 8; <a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2004">Goodrick-Clarke 2004</a>, p. 2; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston19938–9Santucci2006177Lachman20125Сенкевич201034-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECranston19938–9Santucci2006177Lachman20125Сенкевич201034_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, pp. 8–9; <a href="#CITEREFSantucci2006">Santucci 2006</a>, p. 177; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 5; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198021Cranston19939-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198021Cranston19939_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, p. 21; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198020–21Lachman20125Сенкевич201034-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198020–21Lachman20125Сенкевич201034_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 20–21; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 5; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn199244Lachman20127Сенкевич201017-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn199244Lachman20127Сенкевич201017_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKuhn1992">Kuhn 1992</a>, p. 44; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 7; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell19802–3Meade198016–17Lachman20127–8-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell19802–3Meade198016–17Lachman20127–8_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell1980">Campbell 1980</a>, pp. 2–3; <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 16–17; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, pp. 7–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198018–19Cranston19935–6Lachman20126Сенкевич201019-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198018–19Cranston19935–6Lachman20126Сенкевич201019_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 18–19; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 5–6; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 6; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198020,_21Cranston199310Lachman20126Сенкевич201043-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198020,_21Cranston199310Lachman20126Сенкевич201043_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 20, 21; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 6; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston19933–4Сенкевич201017-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECranston19933–4Сенкевич201017_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, pp. 3–4; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199311Santucci2006177Lachman20129-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECranston199311Santucci2006177Lachman20129_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 11; <a href="#CITEREFSantucci2006">Santucci 2006</a>, p. 177; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201210-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman201210_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198021Cranston199310Lachman201210-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198021Cranston199310Lachman201210_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, p. 21; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198023Cranston199311Lachman201210-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198023Cranston199311Lachman201210_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, p. 23; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 11; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198026Cranston199311Lachman201210-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198026Cranston199311Lachman201210_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, p. 26; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 11; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198027–28,_31Cranston199312–13Lachman20128,_10–11Сенкевич201046,_48-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198027–28,_31Cranston199312–13Lachman20128,_10–11Сенкевич201046,_48_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 27–28, 31; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, pp. 12–13; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, pp. 8, 10–11; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 46, 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201211-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman201211_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198029–31Cranston199313–14Lachman201211–12Сенкевич201050,_56–57-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198029–31Cranston199313–14Lachman201211–12Сенкевич201050,_56–57_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 29–31; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, pp. 13–14; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, pp. 11–12; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, pp. 50, 56–57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199313–14Lachman201211–12Сенкевич201050,_56–57-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECranston199313–14Lachman201211–12Сенкевич201050,_56–57_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, pp. 13–14; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, pp. 11–12; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 50, 56–57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198031–32Cranston199315Lachman201212-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198031–32Cranston199315Lachman201212_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 31–32; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 15; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198032Cranston199316–17Lachman201212Сенкевич201052-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198032Cranston199316–17Lachman201212Сенкевич201052_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, p. 32; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, pp. 16–17; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 12; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199318Lachman201213Сенкевич201050-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECranston199318Lachman201213Сенкевич201050_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 18; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 13; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198034Cranston199323Lachman201213Сенкевич201054-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198034Cranston199323Lachman201213Сенкевич201054_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, p. 34; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 23; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 13; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198035Cranston199325Lachman201213Сенкевич201056-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198035Cranston199325Lachman201213Сенкевич201056_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, p. 35; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 25; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 13; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport-Hines2011-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport-Hines2011_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavenport-Hines2011">Davenport-Hines 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201214-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman201214_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201215-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman201215_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201216Сенкевич201059-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman201216Сенкевич201059_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 16; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 59. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198048Cranston199331,_35Goodrick-Clarke20042Lachman201219Сенкевич2010116-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198048Cranston199331,_35Goodrick-Clarke20042Lachman201219Сенкевич2010116_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, p. 48; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, pp. 31, 35; <a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2004">Goodrick-Clarke 2004</a>, p. 2; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 19; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 116. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20042–3-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20042–3_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2004">Goodrick-Clarke 2004</a>, pp. 2–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201217Сенкевич201078-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman201217Сенкевич201078_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 17; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201217Сенкевич201079-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman201217Сенкевич201079_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 17; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198043–44Cranston199343Lachman201218-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198043–44Cranston199343Lachman201218_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 43–44; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 43; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201218-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman201218_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198044Lachman201218-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198044Lachman201218_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, p. 44; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198045–46Lachman201226-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198045–46Lachman201226_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 45–46; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198046–47Cranston199333Lachman201226-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198046–47Cranston199333Lachman201226_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 46–47; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 33; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198051–52Cranston199335Goodrick-Clarke20043Lachman201227–29Сенкевич2010102-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198051–52Cranston199335Goodrick-Clarke20043Lachman201227–29Сенкевич2010102_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 51–52; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 35; <a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2004">Goodrick-Clarke 2004</a>, p. 3; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, pp. 27–29; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 102. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201227-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman201227_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199346-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECranston199346_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198052–54Cranston199335–36Washington199330Goodrick-Clarke20043Lachman201229–30Сенкевич2010124-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198052–54Cranston199335–36Washington199330Goodrick-Clarke20043Lachman201229–30Сенкевич2010124_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 52–54; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, pp. 35–36; <a href="#CITEREFWashington1993">Washington 1993</a>, p. 30; <a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2004">Goodrick-Clarke 2004</a>, p. 3; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, pp. 29–30; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 124. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198055Cranston199336Lachman201232Сенкевич2010126-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198055Cranston199336Lachman201232Сенкевич2010126_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, p. 55; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 36; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 32; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198056–57Cranston199336–37Lachman201232-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198056–57Cranston199336–37Lachman201232_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 56–57; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, pp. 36–37; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198061–62Cranston199337–38Washington199331Lachman201233-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198061–62Cranston199337–38Washington199331Lachman201233_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 61–62; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, pp. 37–38; <a href="#CITEREFWashington1993">Washington 1993</a>, p. 31; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201233–34-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman201233–34_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, pp. 33–34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECranston199342-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECranston199342_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20043-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20043_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2004">Goodrick-Clarke 2004</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell19804-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell19804_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell1980">Campbell 1980</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington199330–31-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWashington199330–31_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWashington1993">Washington 1993</a>, pp. 30–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198070–71Lachman201236–37Сенкевич2010141-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198070–71Lachman201236–37Сенкевич2010141_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, pp. 70–71; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, pp. 36–37; <a href="#CITEREFСенкевич2010">Сенкевич 2010</a>, p. 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman201234-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman201234_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade198064Cranston199343Goodrick-Clarke20043–4Lachman201238–40-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade198064Cranston199343Goodrick-Clarke20043–4Lachman201238–40_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, p. 64; <a href="#CITEREFCranston1993">Cranston 1993</a>, p. 43; <a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2004">Goodrick-Clarke 2004</a>, pp. 3–4; <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, pp. 38–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20044Santucci2006177Lachman201241–42-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke20044Santucci2006177Lachman201241–42_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2004">Goodrick-Clarke 2004</a>, p. 4; <a href="#CITEREFSantucci2006">Santucci 2006</a>, p. 177; 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Chapter 9. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0741-8450">0741-8450</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=gvKVLcMVIuG&b=395043">the original</a> on 19 December 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Simon+Wiesenthal+Center+Annual&rft.atitle=Hitler%27s+Racial+Ideology%3A+Content+and+Occult+Sources.&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=Chapter+9&rft.date=1986&rft.issn=0741-8450&rft.aulast=Spielvogel&rft.aufirst=Jackson&rft.au=David+Redles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmotlc.wiesenthal.com%2Fsite%2Fpp.asp%3Fc%3DgvKVLcMVIuG%26b%3D395043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewman200573-342"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewman200573_342-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewman2005">Newman 2005</a>, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELachman2012251-343"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELachman2012251_343-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLachman2012">Lachman 2012</a>, p. 251. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaudenmaier20086–7-344"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaudenmaier20086–7_344-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStaudenmaier2008">Staudenmaier 2008</a>, pp. 6–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994765-345"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBevir1994765_345-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBevir1994">Bevir 1994</a>, p. 765. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994765Goodrick-Clarke200418Santucci2006184-346"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBevir1994765Goodrick-Clarke200418Santucci2006184_346-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBevir1994">Bevir 1994</a>, p. 765; <a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2004">Goodrick-Clarke 2004</a>, p. 18; <a href="#CITEREFSantucci2006">Santucci 2006</a>, p. 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton1990458–461-347"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelton1990458–461_347-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMelton1990">Melton 1990</a>, pp. 458–461. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton1990ix,&nbsp;xxxviii-348"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelton1990ix,&nbsp;xxxviii_348-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMelton1990">Melton 1990</a>, ix, xxxviii. </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisMelton1994">Lewis & Melton 1994</a>, pp. 1–2 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJosephson-Storm2017119–20-351"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJosephson-Storm2017119–20_351-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJosephson-Storm2017">Josephson-Storm 2017</a>, pp. 119–20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJosephson-Storm2017119-352"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJosephson-Storm2017119_352-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJosephson-Storm2017">Josephson-Storm 2017</a>, p. 119. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeade19808-353">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade19808_353-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade19808_353-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeade19808_353-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeade1980">Meade 1980</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200417-354"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrick-Clarke200417_354-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2004">Goodrick-Clarke 2004</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacMahan2008-355"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacMahan2008_355-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacMahan2008">MacMahan 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGombrich2003185–188-356"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGombrich2003185–188_356-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGombrich2003">Gombrich 2003</a>, pp. 185–188. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFields199283–118-357"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFields199283–118_357-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFields1992">Fields 1992</a>, pp. 83–118. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994748-358"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBevir1994748_358-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBevir1994">Bevir 1994</a>, p. 748. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutton199920-359"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutton199920_359-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHutton1999">Hutton 1999</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994674-360"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBevir1994674_360-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBevir1994">Bevir 1994</a>, p. 674. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller1893a-361"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller1893a_361-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMüller1893a">Müller 1893a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller1902-363"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller1902_363-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMüller1902">Müller 1902</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevir1994758–759-364"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBevir1994758–759_364-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBevir1994">Bevir 1994</a>, pp. 758–759. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_bibliography">General bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: General bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBednarowski1980" class="citation journal cs1">Bednarowski, Mary Farrell (1980). "Outside the Mainstream: Women's Religion and Women Religious Leaders in Nineteenth-Century America". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 48 (2): 207–230. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjaarel%2FXLVIII.2.207">10.1093/jaarel/XLVIII.2.207</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1462703">1462703</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170516831">170516831</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Religion&rft.atitle=Outside+the+Mainstream%3A+Women%27s+Religion+and+Women+Religious+Leaders+in+Nineteenth-Century+America&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=207-230&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170516831%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1462703%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjaarel%2FXLVIII.2.207&rft.aulast=Bednarowski&rft.aufirst=Mary+Farrell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBevir1994" class="citation journal cs1">Bevir, Mark (1994). "The West Turns Eastward: Madame Blavatsky and the Transformation of the Occult Tradition". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 62 (3): 747–767. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjaarel%2Flxii.3.747">10.1093/jaarel/lxii.3.747</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1465212">1465212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Religion&rft.atitle=The+West+Turns+Eastward%3A+Madame+Blavatsky+and+the+Transformation+of+the+Occult+Tradition&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=747-767&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjaarel%2Flxii.3.747&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1465212%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bevir&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaldwell2000" class="citation book cs1">Caldwell, Daniel H (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blavatskyarchives.com/esotericworldam.htm">The esoteric world of Madame Blavatsky: insights into the life of a modern sphinx</a>. Theosophical Pub. House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8356-0794-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8356-0794-0"><bdi>978-0-8356-0794-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+esoteric+world+of+Madame+Blavatsky%3A+insights+into+the+life+of+a+modern+sphinx&rft.pub=Theosophical+Pub.+House&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8356-0794-0&rft.aulast=Caldwell&rft.aufirst=Daniel+H&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblavatskyarchives.com%2Fesotericworldam.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1980" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Bruce F. (1980). Ancient Wisdom Revived: A History of the Theosophical Movement. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03968-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03968-1"><bdi>978-0-520-03968-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Wisdom+Revived%3A+A+History+of+the+Theosophical+Movement&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-520-03968-1&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Bruce+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCranston1993" class="citation book cs1">Cranston, Sylvia (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hpbextraordinary00cran">HPB: The Extraordinary Life and Influence of Helena Blavatsky, Founder of the Modern Theosophical Movement</a>. London: G.P. Putnam's Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87477-688-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87477-688-1"><bdi>978-0-87477-688-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HPB%3A+The+Extraordinary+Life+and+Influence+of+Helena+Blavatsky%2C+Founder+of+the+Modern+Theosophical+Movement&rft.place=London&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-87477-688-1&rft.aulast=Cranston&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhpbextraordinary00cran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllwood2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ellwood, Robert (2005). "Review of Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke's Helena Blavatsky". Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 9 (2): 110–111. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fnr.2005.9.2.110">10.1525/nr.2005.9.2.110</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/nr.2005.9.2.110">10.1525/nr.2005.9.2.110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nova+Religio%3A+The+Journal+of+Alternative+and+Emergent+Religions&rft.atitle=Review+of+Nicholas+Goodrick-Clarke%27s+Helena+Blavatsky&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=110-111&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fnr.2005.9.2.110&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fnr.2005.9.2.110%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ellwood&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardell2003" class="citation book cs1">Gardell, Mattias (2003). Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism. Durham: Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3059-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3059-2"><bdi>978-0-8223-3059-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods+of+the+Blood%3A+The+Pagan+Revival+and+White+Separatism&rft.place=Durham&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-3059-2&rft.aulast=Gardell&rft.aufirst=Mattias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGodwin1994" class="citation book cs1">Godwin, Joscelyn (1994). The Theosophical Enlightenment. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2151-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2151-2"><bdi>978-0-7914-2151-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theosophical+Enlightenment&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-2151-2&rft.aulast=Godwin&rft.aufirst=Joscelyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGodwin1994b" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Godwin, Joscelyn (1994b). "Foreword". In K. Paul Johnson (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mastersrevealedm0000john/page/">The Masters Revealed: Madame Blavatsky and the Myth of the Great White Lodge</a>. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mastersrevealedm0000john/page/">xv–xix</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2064-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2064-5"><bdi>978-0-7914-2064-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Foreword&rft.btitle=The+Masters+Revealed%3A+Madame+Blavatsky+and+the+Myth+of+the+Great+White+Lodge&rft.place=Albany&rft.pages=xv-xix&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-2064-5&rft.aulast=Godwin&rft.aufirst=Joscelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmastersrevealedm0000john%2Fpage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2004" class="citation book cs1">Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/helenablavatsky0000blav">Helena Blavatsky</a>. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55643-457-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55643-457-0"><bdi>978-1-55643-457-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Helena+Blavatsky&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=North+Atlantic+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-55643-457-0&rft.aulast=Goodrick-Clarke&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhelenablavatsky0000blav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2008" class="citation book cs1"> ———  (2008). The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532099-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532099-2"><bdi>978-0-19-532099-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Western+Esoteric+Traditions%3A+A+Historical+Introduction&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-532099-2&rft.aulast=Goodrick-Clarke&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammer2001" class="citation book cs1">Hammer, Olav (2001). Claiming Knowledge: Strategies of Epistemology from Theosophy to the New Age. Leiden and Boston: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13638-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13638-0"><bdi>978-90-04-13638-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Claiming+Knowledge%3A+Strategies+of+Epistemology+from+Theosophy+to+the+New+Age&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-90-04-13638-0&rft.aulast=Hammer&rft.aufirst=Olav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanegraaff2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wouter_Hanegraaff" title="Wouter Hanegraaff">Hanegraaff, Wouter</a> (2013). Western Esotericism: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Bloomsbury Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-3646-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-3646-6"><bdi>978-1-4411-3646-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Esotericism%3A+A+Guide+for+the+Perplexed&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-3646-6&rft.aulast=Hanegraaff&rft.aufirst=Wouter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutton1999" class="citation book cs1">Hutton, Ronald (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/triumphofmoonhis00hutt">The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft</a>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-285449-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-285449-0"><bdi>978-0-19-285449-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Triumph+of+the+Moon%3A+A+History+of+Modern+Pagan+Witchcraft&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-285449-0&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftriumphofmoonhis00hutt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Johnson, K. Paul (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mastersrevealedm0000john">The Masters Revealed: Madame Blavatsky and the Myth of the Great White Lodge</a>. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2064-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2064-5"><bdi>978-0-7914-2064-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Masters+Revealed%3A+Madame+Blavatsky+and+the+Myth+of+the+Great+White+Lodge&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-2064-5&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=K.+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmastersrevealedm0000john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosephson-Storm2017" class="citation book cs1">Josephson-Storm, Jason (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xZ5yDgAAQBAJ">The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences</a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-40336-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-40336-6"><bdi>978-0-226-40336-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+Disenchantment%3A+Magic%2C+Modernity%2C+and+the+Birth+of+the+Human+Sciences&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-226-40336-6&rft.aulast=Josephson-Storm&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxZ5yDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalnitsky2003" class="citation thesis cs1">Kalnitsky, Arnold (2003). The Theosophical Movement of the Nineteenth Century: The Legitimation of the Disputable and the Entrenchment of the Disreputable (D. Litt. et Phil.). Pretoria: University of South Africa (published 2009). <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10500%2F2108">10500/2108</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/732370968">732370968</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Theosophical+Movement+of+the+Nineteenth+Century%3A+The+Legitimation+of+the+Disputable+and+the+Entrenchment+of+the+Disreputable&rft.inst=University+of+South+Africa&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10500%2F2108&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F732370968&rft.aulast=Kalnitsky&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhn1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Boyd_Kuhn" title="Alvin Boyd Kuhn">Kuhn, Alvin Boyd</a> (1992) [Originally published 1930]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheosophyAModernRevivalOfAncientWisdom">Theosophy: A Modern Revival of Ancient Wisdom</a> (PhD thesis). American religion series: Studies in religion and culture. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56459-175-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56459-175-3"><bdi>978-1-56459-175-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 22 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theosophy%3A+A+Modern+Revival+of+Ancient+Wisdom&rft.place=Whitefish%2C+MT&rft.series=American+religion+series%3A+Studies+in+religion+and+culture&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-56459-175-3&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=Alvin+Boyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheosophyAModernRevivalOfAncientWisdom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLachman2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Lachman" title="Gary Lachman">Lachman, Gary</a> (2012). Madame Blavatsky: The Mother of Modern Spirituality. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58542-863-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58542-863-2"><bdi>978-1-58542-863-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madame+Blavatsky%3A+The+Mother+of+Modern+Spirituality&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Jeremy+P.+Tarcher%2FPenguin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-58542-863-2&rft.aulast=Lachman&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisMelton1994" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, James R.; Melton, J. Gordon (1994). Church Universal and Triumphant : in scholarly perspective. Stanford, Calif.: Center for Academic Publication. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31147646">31147646</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Church+Universal+and+Triumphant+%3A+in+scholarly+perspective&rft.place=Stanford%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=Center+for+Academic+Publication&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31147646&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft.au=Melton%2C+J.+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeade1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marion_Meade" title="Marion Meade">Meade, Marion</a> (1980). Madame Blavatsky: The Woman Behind the Myth. New York: Putnam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-399-12376-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-399-12376-4"><bdi>978-0-399-12376-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madame+Blavatsky%3A+The+Woman+Behind+the+Myth&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-399-12376-4&rft.aulast=Meade&rft.aufirst=Marion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelton1990" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Melton, J. Gordon, ed. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GoEYAAAAIAAJ">New Age Encyclopedia</a>. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Research. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-7159-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-7159-0"><bdi>978-0-8103-7159-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Age+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Farmington+Hills%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Gale+Research&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8103-7159-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGoEYAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantucci2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Santucci, James A. (2006). "Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna". In Wouter J. Hanegraaff (ed.). Dictionary of Gnosis and Western Esotericism. Brill. pp. 177–185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004152311" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004152311"><bdi>978-9004152311</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Blavatsky%2C+Helena+Petrovna&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Gnosis+and+Western+Esotericism&rft.pages=177-185&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-9004152311&rft.aulast=Santucci&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantucci2006b" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"> ———  (2006b). "Theosophical Society". In Wouter J. Hanegraaff (ed.). Dictionary of Gnosis and Western Esotericism. Brill. pp. 1114–1123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004152311" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004152311"><bdi>978-9004152311</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theosophical+Society&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Gnosis+and+Western+Esotericism&rft.pages=1114-1123&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-9004152311&rft.aulast=Santucci&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaudenmaier2008" class="citation journal cs1">Staudenmaier, Peter (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epublications.marquette.edu/hist_fac/79">"Race and Redemption: Racial and Ethnic Evolution in Rudolf Steiner's Anthroposophy"</a>. Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 11 (3): 4–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fnr.2008.11.3.4">10.1525/nr.2008.11.3.4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nova+Religio%3A+The+Journal+of+Alternative+and+Emergent+Religions&rft.atitle=Race+and+Redemption%3A+Racial+and+Ethnic+Evolution+in+Rudolf+Steiner%27s+Anthroposophy&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=4-36&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fnr.2008.11.3.4&rft.aulast=Staudenmaier&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepublications.marquette.edu%2Fhist_fac%2F79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashington1993" class="citation book cs1">Washington, Peter (1993). Madame Blavatsky's Baboon: Theosophy and the Emergence of the Western Guru. London: Secker & Warburg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-436-56418-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-436-56418-5"><bdi>978-0-436-56418-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madame+Blavatsky%27s+Baboon%3A+Theosophy+and+the+Emergence+of+the+Western+Guru&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Secker+%26+Warburg&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-436-56418-5&rft.aulast=Washington&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFСенкевич2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Senkevich" title="Alexander Senkevich">Сенкевич, Александр Николаевич</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blavatskaia0000senk">Елена Блаватская: между светом и тьмой <bdi lang="ru">Елена Блаватская: между светом и тьмой</bdi></a> [Helena Blavatsky: Between Light and Darkness]. Жизнь замечательных людей (in Russian). Moscow: Молодая гвардия. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-235-03283-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-235-03283-5"><bdi>978-5-235-03283-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2011427581">2011427581</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/705783723">705783723</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%3A+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%3A+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9&rft.place=Moscow&rft.series=%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.pub=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F705783723&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2011427581&rft.isbn=978-5-235-03283-5&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblavatskaia0000senk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker1923" class="citation book cs1">Barker, A. Trevor, ed. (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mahatmalettersto00sinnuoft">The Mahatma letters to A. P. Sinnett from the Mahatmas M. & K. H.</a> London: T. Fisher Unwin. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/277224098">277224098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mahatma+letters+to+A.+P.+Sinnett+from+the+Mahatmas+M.+%26+K.+H.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=T.+Fisher+Unwin&rft.date=1923&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F277224098&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmahatmalettersto00sinnuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlavatsky1877a" class="citation book cs1">Blavatsky, Helena P. (1877a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0sV5SIgE75sC">Isis unveiled: a master-key to the mysteries of ancient and modern science and theology</a>. Vol. 1. New York: J. W. Bouton. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7211493">7211493</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isis+unveiled%3A+a+master-key+to+the+mysteries+of+ancient+and+modern+science+and+theology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=J.+W.+Bouton&rft.date=1877&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7211493&rft.aulast=Blavatsky&rft.aufirst=Helena+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0sV5SIgE75sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlavatsky1877b" class="citation book cs1">—— (1877b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GfDUN6fgoSgC">Isis unveiled: a master-key to the mysteries of ancient and modern science and theology</a>. Vol. 2. New York: J. W. Bouton. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7211493">7211493</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isis+unveiled%3A+a+master-key+to+the+mysteries+of+ancient+and+modern+science+and+theology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=J.+W.+Bouton&rft.date=1877&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7211493&rft.aulast=Blavatsky&rft.aufirst=Helena+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGfDUN6fgoSgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_TheosophistOct._1879" class="citation journal cs1">—— (October 1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602220754/https://www.blavatsky.net/index.php/what-is-theosophy">"What is Theosophy?"</a>. The Theosophist. 1 (1): 2–5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blavatsky.net/index.php/what-is-theosophy">the original</a> on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Theosophist&rft.atitle=What+is+Theosophy%3F&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2-5&rft.date=1879-10&rft.aulast=Blavatsky&rft.aufirst=Helena+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blavatsky.net%2Findex.php%2Fwhat-is-theosophy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlavatsky1888a" class="citation book cs1">—— (1888a). The secret doctrine: the synthesis of science, religion, and philosophy. Vol. 1. London: The Theosophical Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8129381">8129381</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+secret+doctrine%3A+the+synthesis+of+science%2C+religion%2C+and+philosophy&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Theosophical+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1888&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8129381&rft.aulast=Blavatsky&rft.aufirst=Helena+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> Please note other editions vary. Reprinted without original diacritical marks in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlavatsky1999" class="citation book cs1">Blavatsky, Helena P. (1999) [1888]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secretdoctrineth01blav">The secret doctrine: the synthesis of science, religion, and philosophy</a>. Vol. 1 (photoreprint of original 1st ed.). Pasadena: Theosophical University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55700-001-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55700-001-9"><bdi>978-1-55700-001-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+secret+doctrine%3A+the+synthesis+of+science%2C+religion%2C+and+philosophy&rft.place=Pasadena&rft.edition=photoreprint+of+original+1st&rft.pub=Theosophical+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-55700-001-9&rft.aulast=Blavatsky&rft.aufirst=Helena+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecretdoctrineth01blav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlavatsky1888b" class="citation book cs1">—— (1888b). The secret doctrine: the synthesis of science, religion, and philosophy. Vol. 2. London: The Theosophical Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8129381">8129381</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+secret+doctrine%3A+the+synthesis+of+science%2C+religion%2C+and+philosophy&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Theosophical+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1888&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8129381&rft.aulast=Blavatsky&rft.aufirst=Helena+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> Please note other editions vary. Reprinted without original diacritical marks in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlavatsky1999" class="citation book cs1">Blavatsky, Helena P. (1999) [1888]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secretdoctrineth01blav">The secret doctrine: the synthesis of science, religion, and philosophy</a>. Vol. 2 (photoreprint of original 1st ed.). Pasadena: Theosophical University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55700-001-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55700-001-9"><bdi>978-1-55700-001-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+secret+doctrine%3A+the+synthesis+of+science%2C+religion%2C+and+philosophy&rft.place=Pasadena&rft.edition=photoreprint+of+original+1st&rft.pub=Theosophical+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-55700-001-9&rft.aulast=Blavatsky&rft.aufirst=Helena+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecretdoctrineth01blav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlavatsky1888" class="citation journal cs1">—— (December 1888). "Dialogue between the two editors on astral bodies, or doppelgangers". Lucifer. 3 (16): 328–333. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/804337810">804337810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lucifer&rft.atitle=Dialogue+between+the+two+editors+on+astral+bodies%2C+or+doppelgangers&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=328-333&rft.date=1888-12&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F804337810&rft.aulast=Blavatsky&rft.aufirst=Helena+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> Reprinted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_ZirkoffEklund1988" class="citation book cs1">De Zirkoff, Boris; Eklund, Dara, eds. (1988) [1964]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.katinkahesselink.net/blavatsky/articles/v10/y1888_094.htm">Collected writings</a>. Vol. 10 (Reprint ed.). Wheaton, Il: Theosophical Publishing House. pp. 217–226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8356-7188-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8356-7188-0"><bdi>978-0-8356-7188-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collected+writings&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+Il&rft.pages=217-226&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Theosophical+Publishing+House&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8356-7188-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.katinkahesselink.net%2Fblavatsky%2Farticles%2Fv10%2Fy1888_094.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlavatsky1918" class="citation book cs1">—— (1918) [1892]. <a href="/wiki/G._R._S._Mead" title="G. R. S. Mead">Mead, George R. S.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theosophicalglos00blav">The theosophical glossary</a> (Reprint of 1st ed.). Los Angeles: Theosophical Publishing Society. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/679877592">679877592</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+theosophical+glossary&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.edition=Reprint+of+1st&rft.pub=Theosophical+Publishing+Society&rft.date=1918&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F679877592&rft.aulast=Blavatsky&rft.aufirst=Helena+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheosophicalglos00blav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker1925" class="citation book cs1">—— (1925). Barker, A. Trevor (ed.). The letters of H.P. Blavatsky to A.P. Sinnett, and other miscellaneous letters. London: T. Fisher Unwin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+letters+of+H.P.+Blavatsky+to+A.P.+Sinnett%2C+and+other+miscellaneous+letters&rft.place=London&rft.pub=T.+Fisher+Unwin&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Blavatsky&rft.aufirst=Helena+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeff1937" class="citation book cs1">—— (1937). Neff, Mary K. (ed.). Personal memoirs of H. P. Blavatsky. New York: Dutton. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/311492">311492</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personal+memoirs+of+H.+P.+Blavatsky&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dutton&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F311492&rft.aulast=Blavatsky&rft.aufirst=Helena+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlavatsky1962" class="citation book cs1">—— (1962) [1889]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924075773683">The key to theosophy being a clear exposition in the form of question and answer of the ethics, science, and philosophy for the study of which the Universal brotherhood and Theosophical society has been founded</a> (Reprint of original 1st ed.). Los Angeles: Theosophical Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/26116335">26116335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+key+to+theosophy+being+a+clear+exposition+in+the+form+of+question+and+answer+of+the+ethics%2C+science%2C+and+philosophy+for+the+study+of+which+the+Universal+brotherhood+and+Theosophical+society+has+been+founded&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.edition=Reprint+of+original+1st&rft.pub=Theosophical+Company&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F26116335&rft.aulast=Blavatsky&rft.aufirst=Helena+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924075773683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> Please note other editions vary. Reprinted without original diacritical marks in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/key/key-hp.htm">The key to theosophy being a clear exposition in the form of question and answer of the ethics, science, and philosophy for the study of which the Universal brotherhood and Theosophical society has been founded</a> (Theosophical University Press electronic ed.). Pasadena: The Theosophical Society. 1962. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55700-046-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55700-046-0"><bdi>978-1-55700-046-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+key+to+theosophy+being+a+clear+exposition+in+the+form+of+question+and+answer+of+the+ethics%2C+science%2C+and+philosophy+for+the+study+of+which+the+Universal+brotherhood+and+Theosophical+society+has+been+founded&rft.place=Pasadena&rft.edition=Theosophical+University+Press+electronic&rft.pub=The+Theosophical+Society&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=978-1-55700-046-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theosociety.org%2Fpasadena%2Fkey%2Fkey-hp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlavatsky2004" class="citation book cs1">—— (2004). Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9AqCWRKkWkC">Helena Blavatsky</a>. Western esoteric masters series. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55643-457-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55643-457-0"><bdi>978-1-55643-457-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Helena+Blavatsky&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.series=Western+esoteric+masters+series&rft.pub=North+Atlantic+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-55643-457-0&rft.aulast=Blavatsky&rft.aufirst=Helena+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ9AqCWRKkWkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleiler1948" class="citation book cs1">Bleiler, Everett Franklin (1948). The checklist of fantastic literature; a bibliography of fantasy, weird and science fiction books published in the English language. Chicago: Shasta Publishers. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1113926">1113926</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+checklist+of+fantastic+literature%3B+a+bibliography+of+fantasy%2C+weird+and+science+fiction+books+published+in+the+English+language&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Shasta+Publishers&rft.date=1948&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1113926&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoase1908" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Boase" title="Frederic Boase">Boase, Frederic</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UzMqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PAPA1954">"Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna"</a>. Modern English biography: containing many thousand concise memoirs of persons who have died since the year 1850. Vol. 4. Truro: Netherton and Worth. col. 428–429. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2704608">2704608</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Blavatsky%2C+Helena+Petrovna&rft.btitle=Modern+English+biography%3A+containing+many+thousand+concise+memoirs+of+persons+who+have+died+since+the+year+1850&rft.place=Truro&rft.pages=col.+428-429&rft.pub=Netherton+and+Worth&rft.date=1908&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2704608&rft.aulast=Boase&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUzMqAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPAPA1954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaldwell2000" class="citation book cs1">Caldwell, Daniel H (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blavatskyarchives.com/esotericworldam.htm">The esoteric world of Madame Blavatsky: insights into the life of a modern sphinx</a>. Theosophical Pub. House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8356-0794-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8356-0794-0"><bdi>978-0-8356-0794-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+esoteric+world+of+Madame+Blavatsky%3A+insights+into+the+life+of+a+modern+sphinx&rft.pub=Theosophical+Pub.+House&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8356-0794-0&rft.aulast=Caldwell&rft.aufirst=Daniel+H&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblavatskyarchives.com%2Fesotericworldam.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2003" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Carroll, Robert T. (2003). "Theosophy". The Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions. Hoboken: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-27242-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-27242-7"><bdi>978-0-471-27242-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theosophy&rft.btitle=The+Skeptic%27s+Dictionary%3A+A+Collection+of+Strange+Beliefs%2C+Amusing+Deceptions%2C+and+Dangerous+Delusions&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-471-27242-7&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Robert+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter1998" class="citation book cs1">Carter, Steven R. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jamesjonesameric0000cart">James Jones: an American literary orientalist master</a>. Urbana, Il and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-02371-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-02371-2"><bdi>978-0-252-02371-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+Jones%3A+an+American+literary+orientalist+master&rft.place=Urbana%2C+Il+and+Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-252-02371-2&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Steven+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjamesjonesameric0000cart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman1895" class="citation book cs1">Coleman, William E. (1895) [essay composed 2 August 1893]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924031226792">"Appendix C. The sources of Madame Blavatsky's writings"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Solovyov" title="Vsevolod Solovyov">Solovyov, Vsevolod S.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Walter_Leaf" title="Walter Leaf">Leaf, Walter</a> (eds.). A Modern Priestess of Isis. Abridged and translated on behalf of the Society for Psychical Research. London: Longmans, Green. pp. 353–366. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/468865051">468865051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+C.+The+sources+of+Madame+Blavatsky%27s+writings&rft.btitle=A+Modern+Priestess+of+Isis&rft.place=London&rft.pages=353-366&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green&rft.date=1895&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F468865051&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924031226792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Times1878-07-09" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1878/07/09/87289398.pdf">"Court notes"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. New York. 9 July 1878. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved 14 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Court+notes&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1878-07-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1878%2F07%2F09%2F87289398.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport-Hines2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Davenport-Hines, Richard (January 2011) [2004]. "Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna (1831–1891)". <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F40930">10.1093/ref:odnb/40930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Blavatsky%2C+Helena+Petrovna+%281831%E2%80%931891%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F40930&rft.aulast=Davenport-Hines&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFields1992" class="citation book cs1">Fields, Rick (1992) [1981]. How the swans came to the lake: a narrative history of Buddhism in America (3rd rev. and updated ed.). Boston; London: Shambhala Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87773-583-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87773-583-0"><bdi>978-0-87773-583-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+the+swans+came+to+the+lake%3A+a+narrative+history+of+Buddhism+in+America&rft.place=Boston%3B+London&rft.edition=3rd+rev.+and+updated&rft.pub=Shambhala+Publications&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-87773-583-0&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFodor2003" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nandor_Fodor" title="Nandor Fodor">Fodor, Nandor</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blavatskyarchives.com/fodor.htm">"Mme Helene Petrovna Blavatsky (1831–91)"</a>. Encyclopaedia of Psychic Science (reprint ed.). London: Arthurs Press. pp. 31–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-3931-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-3931-2"><bdi>978-0-7661-3931-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 25 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mme+Helene+Petrovna+Blavatsky+%281831%E2%80%9391%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Psychic+Science&rft.place=London&rft.pages=31-32&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Arthurs+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7661-3931-2&rft.aulast=Fodor&rft.aufirst=Nandor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blavatskyarchives.com%2Ffodor.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench2000" class="citation thesis cs1">French, Brendan J. (2000). The theosophical masters: an investigation into the conceptual domains of H.P. Blavatsky and C.W. Leadbeater (PhD thesis). Sydney: University of Sydney (published 2001). <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2123%2F7147">2123/7147</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/223328198">223328198</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+theosophical+masters%3A+an+investigation+into+the+conceptual+domains+of+H.P.+Blavatsky+and+C.W.+Leadbeater&rft.inst=University+of+Sydney&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2123%2F7147&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F223328198&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Brendan+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGandhi1927" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi, Mohandas K.</a> (1927). "Acquaintance with religions". In Desai, Mahadev H. (ed.). An autobiography, or, The story of my experiments with truth. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/32031578">32031578</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Acquaintance+with+religions&rft.btitle=An+autobiography%2C+or%2C+The+story+of+my+experiments+with+truth&rft.place=Ahmedabad&rft.pub=Navajivan+Publishing+House&rft.date=1927&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F32031578&rft.aulast=Gandhi&rft.aufirst=Mohandas+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> via <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00litlinks/gandhi/part1/120chapter.html">"Acquaintance with religions"</a>. columbia.edu. Transcribed and proofread by Frances W. Pritchett. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100627113005/http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00litlinks/gandhi/part1/120chapter.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Acquaintance+with+religions&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fitc%2Fmealac%2Fpritchett%2F00litlinks%2Fgandhi%2Fpart1%2F120chapter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrett1894" class="citation book cs1">Garrett, Edmund (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822035058494;view=1up;seq=1">Isis Very Much Unveiled: Being the Story of the Great Mahatma Hoax</a>. Cover title:Isis very much unveiled :the story of the great Mahatma hoax. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isis+Very+Much+Unveiled%3A+Being+the+Story+of+the+Great+Mahatma+Hoax&rft.series=Cover+title%3AIsis+very+much+unveiled+%3Athe+story+of+the+great+Mahatma+hoax&rft.pub=London&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Garrett&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.31822035058494%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGodwinChanelDeveney1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joscelyn_Godwin" title="Joscelyn Godwin">Godwin, Joscelyn</a>; Chanel, Christian; Deveney, John P., eds. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9B1k19eqlBcC&pg=PAPA6">The Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor: initiatic and historical documents of an order of practical occultism</a>. York Beach, ME: S. Weiser. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87728-825-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87728-825-1"><bdi>978-0-87728-825-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hermetic+Brotherhood+of+Luxor%3A+initiatic+and+historical+documents+of+an+order+of+practical+occultism&rft.place=York+Beach%2C+ME&rft.pub=S.+Weiser&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-87728-825-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9B1k19eqlBcC%26pg%3DPAPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGombrich2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gombrich" title="Richard Gombrich">Gombrich, Richard F.</a> (2003) [1988]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EBCqWLgOz58C">Theravāda Buddhism: a social history from ancient Benares to modern Colombo</a>. Library of religious beliefs and practices (Reprint of 1st ed.). London; New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-07585-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-07585-5"><bdi>978-0-415-07585-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Therav%C4%81da+Buddhism%3A+a+social+history+from+ancient+Benares+to+modern+Colombo&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.series=Library+of+religious+beliefs+and+practices&rft.edition=Reprint+of+1st&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-07585-5&rft.aulast=Gombrich&rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEBCqWLgOz58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreer2003" class="citation book cs1">Greer, John M. (2003). The New Encyclopedia of the Occult. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56718-336-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56718-336-8"><bdi>978-1-56718-336-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclopedia+of+the+Occult&rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+MN&rft.pub=Llewellyn+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-56718-336-8&rft.aulast=Greer&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuénon2004" class="citation book cs1">Guénon, René (2004) [2003]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7_WwVFntyFwC">Theosophy: history of a pseudo-religion</a>. translated by Alvin Moore, Jr. Hillsdale, NY: Sophia Perennis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-900588-79-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-900588-79-2"><bdi>978-0-900588-79-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theosophy%3A+history+of+a+pseudo-religion&rft.place=Hillsdale%2C+NY&rft.pub=Sophia+Perennis&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-900588-79-2&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9non&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7_WwVFntyFwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> Translation of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuénon1921" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guénon, René (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/lethosophismeh00gu/lethosophismeh00gu.pdf">Le théosophisme: histoire d'une pseudo-religion</a> (PDF) (in French). Paris: Nouvelle librairie nationale. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lethosophismeh00gu">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+th%C3%A9osophisme%3A+histoire+d%27une+pseudo-religion&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Nouvelle+librairie+nationale&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9non&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2Flethosophismeh00gu%2Flethosophismeh00gu.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanson1988" class="citation book cs1">Hanson, Virginia (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hpblavatskyse00hans">H.P. Blavatsky and The secret doctrine</a>. A Quest book. Theosophical Pub. House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8356-0630-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8356-0630-1"><bdi>978-0-8356-0630-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17477685">17477685</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H.P.+Blavatsky+and+The+secret+doctrine&rft.series=A+Quest+book&rft.pub=Theosophical+Pub.+House&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17477685&rft.isbn=978-0-8356-0630-1&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhpblavatskyse00hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1997" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Vernon (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OEVRAQAAIAAJ">H. P. Blavatsky and the SPR: an examination of the Hodgson Report of 1885</a>. Pasadena: Theosophical University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55700-117-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55700-117-7"><bdi>978-1-55700-117-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H.+P.+Blavatsky+and+the+SPR%3A+an+examination+of+the+Hodgson+Report+of+1885&rft.place=Pasadena&rft.pub=Theosophical+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-55700-117-7&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Vernon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOEVRAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> Revision of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1986" class="citation journal cs1">Harrison, Vernon (April 1986). "J'accuse. An Examination of the Hodgson Report of 1885". Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. 53 (803): 287–310. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-9751">0037-9751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+for+Psychical+Research&rft.atitle=J%27accuse.+An+Examination+of+the+Hodgson+Report+of+1885&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=803&rft.pages=287-310&rft.date=1986-04&rft.issn=0037-9751&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Vernon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHower1995" class="citation news cs1">Hower, Edward (26 February 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/26/books/the-medium-with-a-message.html">"The medium with a message"</a>. The New York Times (book review). New York. p. BR13. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved 31 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+medium+with+a+message&rft.pages=BR13&rft.date=1995-02-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Hower&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F02%2F26%2Fbooks%2Fthe-medium-with-a-message.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1994" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, K. Paul (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bMVrr1XaADwC">The masters revealed: Madame Blavatsky and the myth of the Great White Lodge</a>. SUNY series in Western esoteric traditions. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2063-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2063-8"><bdi>978-0-7914-2063-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+masters+revealed%3A+Madame+Blavatsky+and+the+myth+of+the+Great+White+Lodge&rft.place=Albany&rft.series=SUNY+series+in+Western+esoteric+traditions&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-2063-8&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=K.+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbMVrr1XaADwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans-Wentz2000" class="citation book cs1">Karma-gliṅ-pa (2000) [1927]. Evans-Wentz, Walter Y. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYi3NpsOq8UC&pg=PA12">The Tibetan book of the dead: or, The after-death experiences on the Bardo plane, according to Lāma Kazi Dawa-Samdup's English rendering</a>. with a new foreword and afterword by Donald S. Lopez, Jr (3rd ed.). London: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513311-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513311-0"><bdi>978-0-19-513311-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tibetan+book+of+the+dead%3A+or%2C+The+after-death+experiences+on+the+Bardo+plane%2C+according+to+L%C4%81ma+Kazi+Dawa-Samdup%27s+English+rendering&rft.place=London&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513311-0&rft.au=Karma-gli%E1%B9%85-pa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYi3NpsOq8UC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingsfordMaitland1919" class="citation book cs1">Kingsford, Anna Bonus; Maitland, Edward (1919) [1882]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/perfectwayorfind00king">"Appendix xv: The secret of satan"</a>. The perfect way: or, the finding of Christ (7th ed.). New York: Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/perfectwayorfind00king/page/359">359–364</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fuc2.ark%3A%2F13960%2Ft66401z2m">2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t66401z2m</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/681713510">681713510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+xv%3A+The+secret+of+satan&rft.btitle=The+perfect+way%3A+or%2C+the+finding+of+Christ&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=359-364&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Macoy+Publishing+%26+Masonic+Supply&rft.date=1919&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fuc2.ark%3A%2F13960%2Ft66401z2m&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F681713510&rft.aulast=Kingsford&rft.aufirst=Anna+Bonus&rft.au=Maitland%2C+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fperfectwayorfind00king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> Also reprinted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingsfordMaitland1889" class="citation book cs1">Kingsford, Anna Bonus; Maitland, Edward (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/clothedwithsunb00maitgoog">"Lambda or the last of the gods being the secret of satan"</a>. "Clothed with the sun": being the book of the illuminations of Anna (Bonus) Kingsford. London: George Redway. pp. 263–269. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/381443">381443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lambda+or+the+last+of+the+gods+being+the+secret+of+satan&rft.btitle=%22Clothed+with+the+sun%22%3A+being+the+book+of+the+illuminations+of+Anna+%28Bonus%29+Kingsford&rft.place=London&rft.pages=263-269&rft.pub=George+Redway&rft.date=1889&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F381443&rft.aulast=Kingsford&rft.aufirst=Anna+Bonus&rft.au=Maitland%2C+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclothedwithsunb00maitgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacMahan2008" class="citation book cs1">MacMahan, David L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XU6HNwlxhCAC">The making of Buddhist modernism</a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518327-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518327-6"><bdi>978-0-19-518327-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+making+of+Buddhist+modernism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518327-6&rft.aulast=MacMahan&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXU6HNwlxhCAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSociety_for_Psychical_Research1986" class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blavatsky.net/index.php/9-theosophy/history/382-spr-press-release">"Madame Blavatsky, co-founder of the Theosophical Society, was unjustly condemned, new study concludes"</a> (Press release). London: The Incorporated Society for Psychical Research. 8 May 1986. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990202214538/http://www.blavatsky.net/gen/refute/sprpress.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 1999. Retrieved 26 November 2009 – via blavatsky.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madame+Blavatsky%2C+co-founder+of+the+Theosophical+Society%2C+was+unjustly+condemned%2C+new+study+concludes&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Incorporated+Society+for+Psychical+Research&rft.date=1986-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blavatsky.net%2Findex.php%2F9-theosophy%2Fhistory%2F382-spr-press-release&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMead1920" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._R._S._Mead" title="G. R. S. Mead">Mead, G. R. S.</a> (1920) [First published 1904]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnosis.org/library/grs-mead/grsm_concerning_hpb.html">Concerning H.P.B.: (stray thoughts on theosophy)</a>. Adyar pamphlets. Adyar, Madras, India: Theosophical Pub. House. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/212946490">212946490</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concerning+H.P.B.%3A+%28stray+thoughts+on+theosophy%29&rft.place=Adyar%2C+Madras%2C+India&rft.series=Adyar+pamphlets&rft.pub=Theosophical+Pub.+House&rft.date=1920&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F212946490&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=G.+R.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnosis.org%2Flibrary%2Fgrs-mead%2Fgrsm_concerning_hpb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopedia_of_Occultism_and_Parapsychology2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Melton, J. Gordon, ed. (2001). "Theosophical Society". Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology. Vol. 2 (5th ed.). Detroit: Gale Research Company. pp. 1557–1559. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-8570-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-8570-2"><bdi>978-0-8103-8570-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0731-7840">0731-7840</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8262489">8262489</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL16977697W">16977697W</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theosophical+Society&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Occultism+%26+Parapsychology&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pages=1557-1559&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Gale+Research+Company&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8262489&rft.issn=0731-7840&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fworks%2FOL16977697W%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-8103-8570-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinderovic2011" class="citation web cs1">Minderovic, Zoran (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/q7982/biography">"Alexander Scriabin (Biography)"</a>. AllMusic. Retrieved 18 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Alexander+Scriabin+%28Biography%29&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Minderovic&rft.aufirst=Zoran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fq7982%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller1893a" class="citation journal cs1">Müller, Friedrich M. (May 1893a). "Esoteric Buddhism". The Nineteenth Century. 33 (195): 767–788. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2043-5290">2043-5290</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nineteenth+Century&rft.atitle=Esoteric+Buddhism&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=195&rft.pages=767-788&rft.date=1893-05&rft.issn=2043-5290&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller1893b" class="citation journal cs1">—— (August 1893b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2twaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PAPA296">"Esoteric Buddhism: a rejoinder"</a>. The Nineteenth Century. 34 (198): 296–303. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2043-5290">2043-5290</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nineteenth+Century&rft.atitle=Esoteric+Buddhism%3A+a+rejoinder&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=198&rft.pages=296-303&rft.date=1893-08&rft.issn=2043-5290&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2twaAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPAPA296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller1902" class="citation book cs1">—— (1902) [letter composed 10 June 1893]. "[letter] To Colonel Olcott". In Müller, Georgina A. (ed.). The life and letters of the Right Honourable Friedrich Max Müller. Vol. 2. London: Longmans, Green. pp. 297–299. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fuc1.b3334965">2027/uc1.b3334965</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/700634676">700634676</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%5Bletter%5D+To+Colonel+Olcott&rft.btitle=The+life+and+letters+of+the+Right+Honourable+Friedrich+Max+M%C3%BCller&rft.place=London&rft.pages=297-299&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green&rft.date=1902&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fuc1.b3334965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F700634676&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphet1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Murphet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard Murphet (page does not exist)">Murphet, Howard</a> (1988) [1975]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CwQFfR3Ao0wC">When daylight comes: a biography of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky</a>. A quest book. Wheaton, Illinois: Theosophical Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8356-0461-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8356-0461-1"><bdi>978-0-8356-0461-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+daylight+comes%3A+a+biography+of+Helena+Petrovna+Blavatsky&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+Illinois&rft.series=A+quest+book&rft.pub=Theosophical+Publishing+House&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8356-0461-1&rft.aulast=Murphet&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCwQFfR3Ao0wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Newman, Hannah (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tdn6FFZklkcC&pg=PAPA72">"Blavatsky, Helena P. (1831–1891)"</a>. In Levy, Richard S. (ed.). Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 72–73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-439-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-439-4"><bdi>978-1-85109-439-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Blavatsky%2C+Helena+P.+%281831%E2%80%931891%29&rft.btitle=Antisemitism%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia+of+Prejudice+and+Persecution&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pages=72-73&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-439-4&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTdn6FFZklkcC%26pg%3DPAPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNilakant1886" class="citation journal cs1">Nilakant (May 1886). Judge, William Q. (ed.). "Theosophical symbolism". The Path. 1 (2): 51. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2003221012">2003221012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Path&rft.atitle=Theosophical+symbolism&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=51&rft.date=1886-05&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2003221012&rft.au=Nilakant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> Transcribed in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/path/v01n02p51_theosophical-symbolism.htm">"Theosophical symbolism"</a>. Pasadena: theosociety.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080209155235/http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/path/v01n02p51_theosophical-symbolism.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 17 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theosophical+symbolism&rft.place=Pasadena&rft.pub=theosociety.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theosociety.org%2Fpasadena%2Fpath%2Fv01n02p51_theosophical-symbolism.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Times1891" class="citation news cs1">"Obituary". The Times. No. 33320. London. 9 May 1891. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460">0140-0460</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary&rft.issue=33320&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1891-05-09&rft.issn=0140-0460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlcott1891" class="citation journal cs1">Olcott, Henry S. (January 1891). "Constitution and Rules of the Theosophical Society". 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New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-15119-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-15119-5"><bdi>978-0-312-15119-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Blavatsky%2C+Helena+Petrovna&rft.btitle=An+encyclopedia+of+claims%2C+frauds%2C+and+hoaxes+of+the+occult+and+supernatural%3A+decidedly+skeptical+definitions+of+alternative+realities&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-312-15119-5&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> Reprinted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randi.org/encyclopedia/Blavatsky,%20Helena%20Petrovna.html">"Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna"</a>. randi.org. Retrieved 2 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blavatsky%2C+Helena+Petrovna&rft.pub=randi.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randi.org%2Fencyclopedia%2FBlavatsky%2C%2520Helena%2520Petrovna.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReigle1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Reigle" title="David Reigle">Reigle, David</a> (1983). The Books of Kiu-te, or The Tibetan Buddhist tantras: a preliminary analysis. Secret doctrine reference series. San Diego: Wizard's Bookshelf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-913510-49-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-913510-49-0"><bdi>978-0-913510-49-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10745775">10745775</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Books+of+Kiu-te%2C+or+The+Tibetan+Buddhist+tantras%3A+a+preliminary+analysis&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.series=Secret+doctrine+reference+series&rft.pub=Wizard%27s+Bookshelf&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10745775&rft.isbn=978-0-913510-49-0&rft.aulast=Reigle&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReitemeyer2006" class="citation journal cs1">Reitemeyer, Frank (Summer 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140521041411/http://www.theosophycanada.com/files/fohat-summer-2006.pdf">"Open questions in HP Blavatsky's genealogy: review: 'Ein deutschbaltischer Hintergrund der Theosophie?' by Peter Lauer"</a> (PDF). Fohat: The Mystical, the Magical. 10 (2): 35–36. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1205-9676">1205-9676</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theosophycanada.com/files/fohat-summer-2006.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fohat%3A+The+Mystical%2C+the+Magical&rft.atitle=Open+questions+in+HP+Blavatsky%27s+genealogy%3A+review%3A+%27Ein+deutschbaltischer+Hintergrund+der+Theosophie%3F%27+by+Peter+Lauer&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=35-36&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=1205-9676&rft.aulast=Reitemeyer&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theosophycanada.com%2Ffiles%2Ffohat-summer-2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard-Nafarre1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Richard-Nafarre, Noël (1991). Helena P. Blavatsky ou La réponse du sphinx (in French). Paris: Noël Richard-Nafarre, distributed by Éditions François de Villac. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2950626103" title="Special:BookSources/978-2950626103"><bdi>978-2950626103</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Helena+P.+Blavatsky+ou+La+r%C3%A9ponse+du+sphinx&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=No%C3%ABl+Richard-Nafarre%2C+distributed+by+%C3%89ditions+Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Villac&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-2950626103&rft.aulast=Richard-Nafarre&rft.aufirst=No%C3%ABl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyanKnoche1937" class="citation book cs1">Ryan, Charles J; Knoche, Grace F (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/hpb-tm/hpbtm-hp.htm">H.P. Blavatsky and the theosophical movement: a brief historical sketch</a>. Theosophical University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55700-090-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55700-090-3"><bdi>978-1-55700-090-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H.P.+Blavatsky+and+the+theosophical+movement%3A+a+brief+historical+sketch&rft.pub=Theosophical+University+Press&rft.date=1937&rft.isbn=978-1-55700-090-3&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Charles+J&rft.au=Knoche%2C+Grace+F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theosociety.org%2Fpasadena%2Fhpb-tm%2Fhpbtm-hp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSedgwick2004" class="citation book cs1">Sedgwick, Mark (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GcUFmQ-NF_0C&pg=PAPA44">Against the modern world: traditionalism and the secret intellectual history of the twentieth century</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515297-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515297-5"><bdi>978-0-19-515297-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Against+the+modern+world%3A+traditionalism+and+the+secret+intellectual+history+of+the+twentieth+century&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515297-5&rft.aulast=Sedgwick&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGcUFmQ-NF_0C%26pg%3DPAPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinnett1886" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Percy_Sinnett" title="Alfred Percy Sinnett">Sinnett, Alfred P.</a>, ed. (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924029172983">Incidents in the life of Madame Blavatsky: compiled from information supplied by her relatives and friends</a>. London: George Redway. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1876380">1876380</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Incidents+in+the+life+of+Madame+Blavatsky%3A+compiled+from+information+supplied+by+her+relatives+and+friends&rft.place=London&rft.pub=George+Redway&rft.date=1886&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1876380&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924029172983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinnett1893" class="citation journal cs1">—— (June 1893). "Esoteric Buddhism: a reply". The Nineteenth Century. 33 (196): 1015–1027. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2043-5290">2043-5290</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nineteenth+Century&rft.atitle=Esoteric+Buddhism%3A+a+reply&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=196&rft.pages=1015-1027&rft.date=1893-06&rft.issn=2043-5290&rft.aulast=Sinnett&rft.aufirst=Alfred+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpielvogelRedles1986" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jackson_J._Spielvogel" title="Jackson J. Spielvogel">Spielvogel, Jackson J.</a>; Redles, David (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://motlc.kintera.org/resources/books/annual3/chap09.html">"Hitler's racial ideology: content and occult sources"</a>. Simon Wiesenthal Center Annual. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0741-8450">0741-8450</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070623220601/http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=gvKVLcMVIuG&b=395043">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Simon+Wiesenthal+Center+Annual&rft.atitle=Hitler%27s+racial+ideology%3A+content+and+occult+sources&rft.volume=3&rft.date=1986&rft.issn=0741-8450&rft.aulast=Spielvogel&rft.aufirst=Jackson+J.&rft.au=Redles%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmotlc.kintera.org%2Fresources%2Fbooks%2Fannual3%2Fchap09.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSymonds2006" class="citation book cs1">Symonds, John (2006) [1959]. The lady with the magic eyes: Madame Blavatsky, medium and magician. Kessinger Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4254-8709-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4254-8709-6"><bdi>978-1-4254-8709-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/122353386">122353386</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+lady+with+the+magic+eyes%3A+Madame+Blavatsky%2C+medium+and+magician&rft.pub=Kessinger+Pub&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F122353386&rft.isbn=978-1-4254-8709-6&rft.aulast=Symonds&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTIS2009" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225091111/http://teozofija.info/Teozofsko_gibanje/Membership_Statistics_2007-08.htm">"Theosophical Society Membership Statistics 2007/2008"</a>. teozofija.info. Theosophy in Slovenia. January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teozofija.info/Teozofsko_gibanje/Membership_Statistics_2007-08.htm">the original</a> on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teozofija.info&rft.atitle=Theosophical+Society+Membership+Statistics+2007%2F2008&rft.date=2009-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteozofija.info%2FTeozofsko_gibanje%2FMembership_Statistics_2007-08.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThibaux1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thibaux, Jean-Michel (1992). Héléna Blavatsky, les sept esprits de la révolte (in French). Paris: Éditions n° 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-86391-500-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-86391-500-4"><bdi>978-2-86391-500-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H%C3%A9l%C3%A9na+Blavatsky%2C+les+sept+esprits+de+la+r%C3%A9volte&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+n%C2%B0+1&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-2-86391-500-4&rft.aulast=Thibaux&rft.aufirst=Jean-Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTillett1986" class="citation thesis cs1">Tillett, Gregory J. (1986). Charles Webster Leadbeater 1854–1934: a biographical study (PhD). Sydney: University of Sydney (published 2007). <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2123%2F1623">2123/1623</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/220306221">220306221</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Charles+Webster+Leadbeater+1854%E2%80%931934%3A+a+biographical+study&rft.inst=University+of+Sydney&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2123%2F1623&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F220306221&rft.aulast=Tillett&rft.aufirst=Gregory+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTingley1921" class="citation book cs1">Tingley, Katherine (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/helenapetrovnabl00tingrich">Helena Petrovna Blavatsky: foundress of the original Theosophical Society in New York, 1875, the international headquarters of which are now at Point Loma, California</a>. 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(11 December 1891). "Madame Blavatsky". Two Worlds: 671–672.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Two+Worlds&rft.atitle=Madame+Blavatsky&rft.pages=671-672&rft.date=1891-12-11&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=Hannah+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZirkoff1967–1968" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Boris_de_Zirkoff" title="Boris de Zirkoff">Zirkoff, Boris de</a> (Winter 1967–1968). "Who played that trick on H.P.B.?: the puzzle of The Theosophical Glossary". Theosophia. 24 (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theosophia&rft.atitle=Who+played+that+trick+on+H.P.B.%3F%3A+the+puzzle+of+The+Theosophical+Glossary&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1967%2F1968&rft.aulast=Zirkoff&rft.aufirst=Boris+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> Transcribed in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaldwell2001" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Caldwell, Daniel H. (11 May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theos-talk.com/archives/200105/tt00067.html">"Who played that trick on H.P.B.? by Boris de Zirkoff"</a>. theos-talk (Mailing list). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041120100703/http://www.theos-talk.com/archives/200105/tt00067.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2004. Retrieved 14 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+played+that+trick+on+H.P.B.%3F+by+Boris+de+Zirkoff&rft.date=2001-05-11&rft.aulast=Caldwell&rft.aufirst=Daniel+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theos-talk.com%2Farchives%2F200105%2Ftt00067.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFПензенская_энциклопедия2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Вишневский, К. Д., ed. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.penza-trv.ru/go/region/dolgorukiypv">"Долгорукий Павел Васильевич"</a>. Пензенская энциклопедия (in Russian). Пенза: Министерство культуры Пензенской области. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5852702340" title="Special:BookSources/978-5852702340"><bdi>978-5852702340</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071109153001/http://www.penza-trv.ru/go/region/dolgorukiypv">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.place=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-5852702340&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.penza-trv.ru%2Fgo%2Fregion%2Fdolgorukiypv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКайдаш" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Кайдаш, Светлана. <bdi lang="ru">Елена Блаватская в России</bdi>. Утренняя Звезда (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F+%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> – almanac of the International Roerich Centre, No. 2–3, 1994–1997</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКлейн2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Klejn" title="Leo Klejn">Клейн, Лев Самуилович</a> (June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://razumru.ru/humanism/journal/59/klein.htm">"Рациональный взгляд на успехи мистики"</a>. Здравый смысл (in Russian). 16 (2): 11. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1814-0416">1814-0416</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2011-06&rft.issn=1814-0416&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD&rft.aufirst=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frazumru.ru%2Fhumanism%2Fjournal%2F59%2Fklein.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКранстон1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1999) [1996]. Данилов, Леонид Лукьянович (ed.). <bdi lang="ru">Е.П. Блаватская: Жизнь и творчество основательницы современного теософского движения</bdi> (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Рига: Лигатма. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-7738-0017-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-7738-0017-0"><bdi>978-5-7738-0017-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%95.%D0%9F.+%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%3A+%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.place=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-5-7738-0017-0&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1.+%D0%9B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> Translation of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCranston" class="citation book cs1">Cranston, Sylvia L. HPB: the extraordinary life and influence of Helena Blavatsky, founder of the modern Theosophical movement.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HPB%3A+the+extraordinary+life+and+influence+of+Helena+Blavatsky%2C+founder+of+the+modern+Theosophical+movement&rft.aulast=Cranston&rft.aufirst=Sylvia+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFПисарева1909" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Писарева, Елена Ф. (1909). <bdi lang="ru">Елена Петровна Блаватская (биографический очерк)</bdi> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%28%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%29&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A4.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> Transcribed in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magister.msk.ru/library/blavatsk/about/pisae001.htm">"IPage" <bdi lang="ru">Елена Петровна Блаватская (биографический очерк)</bdi></a>. magister.msk.ru (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001219045500/http://www.magister.msk.ru/library/blavatsk/about/pisae001.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2000. Retrieved 19 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=magister.msk.ru&rft.atitle=IPage+%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%28%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.magister.msk.ru%2Flibrary%2Fblavatsk%2Fabout%2Fpisae001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFТолстой1935" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Толстой, Лев Н. (1935). Чертков, Влади́мир Г. (ed.). <bdi lang="ru">Полное собрание сочинений</bdi> (in Russian). Vol. 54. Moscow: Гос. изд-во худож. лит-ры. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/51015050">51015050</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6321531">6321531</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81.+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4-%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6.+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82-%D1%80%D1%8B&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6321531&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F51015050&rft.aulast=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9&rft.aufirst=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%9D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFТолстой1955" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1955). Чертков, Влади́мир Г. (ed.). <bdi lang="ru">Полное собрание сочинений</bdi> (in Russian). Vol. 80. Moscow: Гос. изд-во худож. лит-ры. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/51015050">51015050</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6321531">6321531</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81.+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4-%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6.+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82-%D1%80%D1%8B&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6321531&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F51015050&rft.aulast=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9&rft.aufirst=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%9D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 235px; clear: ; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External media</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Images</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filosofiaesoterica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/OS-CHELAS.png">Young H. P. von Hahn, a bust by Ukrainian sculptor Alexey Leonov</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Video</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDM3XM5hVpo">The Life of H. P. Blavatsky</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNfF3VmPcyc">The Day of the White Lotus</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nla.gov.au/selected-library-collections/john-cooper-theosophy-collection">John Cooper Theosophy Collection</a>, including letters of Helena Blavatsky</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carloscardosoaveline.com/autor/helena-p-blavatsky/">Articles by Helena P. Blavatsky</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blavatskyarchives.com/">The Blavatsky Study Center / Blavatsky Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/2154">Works by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Blavatsky%2C%20Helena%20Petrovna%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Blavatsky%2C%20Helena%20P%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Blavatsky%2C%20H%2E%20P%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Helena%20Petrovna%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Helena%20P%2E%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22H%2E%20P%2E%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Blavatsky%2C%20Helena%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Helena%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Helena%20Petrovna%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Helena%20P%2E%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22H%2E%20P%2E%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22H%2E%20Petrovna%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Blavatsky%2C%20Helena%20Petrovna%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Blavatsky%2C%20Helena%20P%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Blavatsky%2C%20H%2E%20P%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Blavatsky%2C%20H%2E%20Petrovna%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Helena%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Blavatsky%2C%20Helena%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Helena%20Petrovna%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Helena%20P%2E%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20title%3A%22H%2E%20P%2E%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Helena%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Helena%20Petrovna%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Helena%20P%2E%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20description%3A%22H%2E%20P%2E%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Blavatsky%2C%20Helena%20Petrovna%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Blavatsky%2C%20Helena%20P%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Helena%20Blavatsky%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Blavatsky%2C%20Helena%22%29%20OR%20%28%221831-1891%22%20AND%20Blavatsky%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Helena Blavatsky</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/3227">Works by Helena Blavatsky</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></li> <li>A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:DIV.LIB:div00034">collection of letters</a> to and from Helena Blavatsky are in the Harvard Divinity School Library at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Divinity_School" title="Harvard Divinity School">Harvard Divinity School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/60852/60852-h/60852-h.htm">https://www.gutenberg.org/files/60852/60852-h/60852-h.htm</a><a href="#cite_note-365">[1]</a></li> <li>An extensive online bibliography, dating from 1908 to 2001, with section for "Internet Resources",<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/2108/12bibliography.pdf?sequence=12">[1]</a> annexed to The theosophical movement of the nineteenth century doctoral dissertation of Arnold Kalnitsky.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/2108">The theosophical movement of the nineteenth century: the legitimation of the disputable and the entrenchment of the disreputable</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Helena Blavatsky at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="c:Елена Петровна Блаватская">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" class="extiw" title="q:Helena Blavatsky">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Helena_Petrovna_Blavatsky" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Helena Petrovna Blavatsky">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Theosophy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theosophy_topics" title="Template:Theosophy topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Theosophy_topics" title="Template talk:Theosophy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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href="/wiki/Alice_Bailey" title="Alice Bailey">Alice Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Webster_Leadbeater" title="Charles Webster Leadbeater">C.W. Leadbeater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_E._Powell" title="Arthur E. Powell">Arthur E. Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_de_Purucker" title="Gottfried de Purucker">Gottfried de Purucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Roerich" title="Helena Roerich">Helena Roerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Roerich" title="Nicholas Roerich">Nicholas Roerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Percy_Sinnett" title="Alfred Percy Sinnett">A. P. Sinnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini_Devi_Arundale" title="Rukmini Devi Arundale">Rukmini Devi Arundale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curuppumullage_Jinarajadasa" title="Curuppumullage Jinarajadasa">Jinarajadasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Evans-Wentz" title="Walter Evans-Wentz">Walter Evans-Wentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Keightley" title="Bertram Keightley">Bertram Keightley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Wachtmeister" title="Constance Wachtmeister">Constance Wachtmeister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiddu_Krishnamurti" title="Jiddu Krishnamurti">Jiddu Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Theosophists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Theosophists">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theosophical texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isis_Unveiled" title="Isis Unveiled">Isis Unveiled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Key_to_Theosophy" title="The Key to Theosophy">The Key to Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mahatma_Letters_to_A.P._Sinnett" title="The Mahatma Letters to A.P. Sinnett">The Mahatma Letters to A.P. Sinnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Doctrine" title="The Secret Doctrine">The Secret Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosophical Glossary">Theosophical Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_of_the_Silence" title="The Voice of the Silence">The Voice of the Silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Theosophical_texts" title="Category:Theosophical texts">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophical concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashic_records" title="Akashic records">Akashic records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_body" title="Astral body">Astral body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_plane" title="Astral plane">Astral plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_body" title="Mental body">Mental body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Brotherhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Brotherhood">Universal Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Theosophical_philosophical_concepts" title="Category:Theosophical philosophical concepts">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blavatsky_Lodge" title="Blavatsky Lodge">Blavatsky Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society" title="Theosophical Society">Theosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society_Adyar" title="Theosophical Society Adyar">Theosophical Society Adyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society_Pasadena" title="Theosophical Society Pasadena">Theosophical Society Pasadena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Lodge_of_Theosophists" title="United Lodge of Theosophists">United Lodge of Theosophists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Theosophy" title="Category:Theosophy">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_(magazine)" title="Lucifer (magazine)">Lucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunrise (magazine)">Sunrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Theosophist" title="The Theosophist">The Theosophist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Theosophical_Movement" title="The Theosophical Movement">The Theosophical Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Theosophy" title="Category:Theosophy">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01802008?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500433968">ULAN</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/793703">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118511629.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118511629">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02744905X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6np278v">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/60852/60852-h/60852-h.htm">"Lucifer: A Theosophical Magazine (Vol. I) edited by H.P. Blavatsky and Mabel Collins"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lucifer%3A+A+Theosophical+Magazine+%28Vol.+I%29+edited+by+H.P.+Blavatsky+and+Mabel+Collins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F60852%2F60852-h%2F60852-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelena+Blavatsky" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&oldid=1259131980">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helena_Blavatsky&oldid=1259131980</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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