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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Class of German mortars</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the US black metal band, see <a href="/wiki/Minenwerfer_(band)" title="Minenwerfer (band)">Minenwerfer (band)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader"><span style="font-size:120%">Minenwerfer</span><br /><i>Mine shell mortar</i></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:244px;max-width:244px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:261px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:25_cm_minenwerfer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/25_cm_minenwerfer.png/242px-25_cm_minenwerfer.png" decoding="async" width="242" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/25_cm_minenwerfer.png/363px-25_cm_minenwerfer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/25_cm_minenwerfer.png/484px-25_cm_minenwerfer.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:261px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:25_cm_minegranat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/25_cm_minegranat.png/142px-25_cm_minegranat.png" decoding="async" width="142" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/25_cm_minegranat.png/213px-25_cm_minegranat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/25_cm_minegranat.png/284px-25_cm_minegranat.png 2x" data-file-width="1534" data-file-height="2819" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><span style="font-size:120%">Left image:</span> <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Imperial German</a> <a href="/wiki/25_cm_schwerer_Minenwerfer" title="25 cm schwerer Minenwerfer">25 cm schwerer Minenwerfer</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The left soldier is showing a 25 cm (9.8 in) <a href="/wiki/Mine_shell" title="Mine shell">mine shell</a> as used in the artillery piece.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:120%">Right image:</span> Drawing of sectioned <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">shell types</a>. The left shell is a 25 cm (9.8 in) Minenwerfer <a href="/wiki/Mine_shell" title="Mine shell">mine shell</a>. The right shell is a 24 cm (9.4 in) conventional <a href="/wiki/High-explosive_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="High-explosive shell">high-explosive shell</a> for comparison.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p><i><b>Minenwerfer</b></i> ("mine launcher" or "mine thrower") is the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> name for a class of short range <a href="/wiki/Mine_shell" title="Mine shell">mine shell</a> launching <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">mortars</a> used extensively during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> by the <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(German_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (German Empire)">Imperial German Army</a>. The weapons were intended to be used by engineers to clear obstacles, including bunkers and barbed wire, that longer range artillery would not be able to target accurately. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minenwerfer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Germans studied the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Arthur" title="Siege of Port Arthur">Siege of Port Arthur</a>, where heavy artillery had been unable to destroy defensive structures like barbed wire and bunkers. The German Military <i>Ingenieurkomitee</i> ("Engineer committee") began working with <a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a> to study the problem in 1907. The solution they developed was a short-barrelled rifled muzzle-loading mortar for <a href="/wiki/Mine_shell" title="Mine shell">mine shell</a> ammunition, built in three sizes. In 1910, the largest of these was introduced as the <i><a href="/wiki/25_cm_schwerer_Minenwerfer" title="25 cm schwerer Minenwerfer">25 cm schwerer Minenwerfer</a></i> (abbreviated "sMW"; English: "25 cm (9.8 in) heavy mine launcher"). Despite weighing only 955 kg (2,105 lb), it had the same effect on targets as the 28 cm (11 in) and 30.5 cm (12.0 in) mortars, which weighed ten times as much. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Combat_history">Combat history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minenwerfer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Combat history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, the German army had a total of 160 <i>minenwerfers</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were used successfully in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> at <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a> and <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>, and against the French fortress of <a href="/wiki/Maubeuge" title="Maubeuge">Maubeuge</a>. After a few months when <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a> started, the German infantry began calling for short-range weapons, and the <i>minenwerfer</i> entered the battle. Before long Allied forces were demanding similar devices. A captured <i>minenwerfer</i> was taken to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery_Barracks,_Woolwich" title="Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich">Royal Artillery Woolwich</a> establishment in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in November 1914 and 100 copies rushed to the front by <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By mid-1916 there were 281 heavy, 640 medium, and 763 light <i>minenwerfers</i> in service, with 4,300 new weapons being produced every month.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With this powerful armory of short-range artillery, the German forces were able to reach across <a href="/wiki/No_man%27s_land" title="No man's land">No Man's Land</a> and bring a punishing fire to bear on any target which presented itself. When <a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">chemical warfare</a> arrived, the <i>minenwerfer</i> was a highly convenient method of delivering gas. The first German use of gas was in 1915 during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bolim%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Bolimów">Battle of Bolimów</a> in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> on <a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a>. The German army shelled the Russian positions with <a href="/wiki/Xylyl_bromide" title="Xylyl bromide">xylyl bromide</a>, the attack was relatively unsuccessful due to low temperature which prevented the gas from vaporizing and spreading.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minenwerfer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The medium version, the <i><a href="/wiki/17_cm_mittlerer_Minenwerfer" title="17 cm mittlerer Minenwerfer">17 cm mittlerer Minenwerfer</a></i> (mMW; "17 cm (6.7 in) mid-sized mine launcher"), was introduced in 1913. The model remained in reserve service until 1939-40.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The light version of the weapon, the <a href="/wiki/7.58_cm_Minenwerfer" title="7.58 cm Minenwerfer">7.58 cm <i>Leichter Minenwerfer</i></a> (LMW; "light mine launcher"), was still at the prototype stage when the war started, but rapidly entered production. The weapon was far more efficient than its artillery counterpart: in comparison, the 7.7 cm (3.0 in) FK 96 n/A needed to be towed by a team of six horses, compared with a single horse for the LMW; additionally, the LMW could be moved around the battlefield by four men. The <i>minenwerfer</i> was cheaper, costing only one-seventh as much as the artillery gun, as did its ammunition. </p><p>Since the muzzle velocity, and thus firing shock, of <i>minenwerfers</i> was low, a variety of explosives that would usually be unsuitable for use in artillery was used to fill the shells. In any case, <a href="/wiki/Trinitrotoluene" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitrotoluene">TNT</a> explosive was reserved for use in artillery shells. Typically, the explosives used in <i>minenwerfer</i> shells were <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_nitrate" title="Ammonium nitrate">ammonium nitrate</a>-<a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> explosives. However, the sensitivity of the explosives occasionally made them detonate in the tube. There were a large number of these incidents, one of which claimed the life of Karl Völler, head designer of Rheinmetall, in 1916. These problems, however, were eventually overcome. </p><p>Recognizing the numerous advantages of the <i>minenwerfer</i> in trench warfare, production was stepped up and, by 1918, the numbers had increased dramatically to 1,234 heavy, 2,361 medium and 12,329 light <i>minenwerfer</i>. A 38 cm (15 in) calibre <i>sehr schwerer Minenwerfer</i> (ssMW; English: "very heavy mine launcher") was also developed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minenwerfer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%C2%BB._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3,_1911-1915)_(cropped)_Early_Krupp_MinenWerfer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Early Krupp MinenWerfers"><img alt="Early Krupp MinenWerfers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%C2%BB._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%28%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%2C_1911-1915%29_%28cropped%29_Early_Krupp_MinenWerfer.jpg/123px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%C2%BB._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%28%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%2C_1911-1915%29_%28cropped%29_Early_Krupp_MinenWerfer.jpg/185px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%C2%BB._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%28%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%2C_1911-1915%29_%28cropped%29_Early_Krupp_MinenWerfer.jpg/246px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="906" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Early Krupp MinenWerfers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kann_-_Journal_d%27un_correspondant_de_guerre_en_Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_-_p279.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese troops using a mortar during the Russo-Japanese War"><img alt="Japanese troops using a mortar during the Russo-Japanese War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kann_-_Journal_d%27un_correspondant_de_guerre_en_Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_-_p279.jpg/158px-Kann_-_Journal_d%27un_correspondant_de_guerre_en_Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_-_p279.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kann_-_Journal_d%27un_correspondant_de_guerre_en_Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_-_p279.jpg/237px-Kann_-_Journal_d%27un_correspondant_de_guerre_en_Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_-_p279.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kann_-_Journal_d%27un_correspondant_de_guerre_en_Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_-_p279.jpg/316px-Kann_-_Journal_d%27un_correspondant_de_guerre_en_Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_-_p279.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2086" data-file-height="1584" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Japanese troops using a mortar during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:German_7.58_cm_minenwerfer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="German 7.5 cm MinenWerfer, World War I"><img alt="German 7.5 cm MinenWerfer, World War I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/German_7.58_cm_minenwerfer.jpg/152px-German_7.58_cm_minenwerfer.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/German_7.58_cm_minenwerfer.jpg/228px-German_7.58_cm_minenwerfer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/German_7.58_cm_minenwerfer.jpg/304px-German_7.58_cm_minenwerfer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3324" data-file-height="2626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">German 7.5 cm MinenWerfer, <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:17cmMinenwerferAWM-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="17 cm nMW nA"><img alt="17 cm nMW nA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/17cmMinenwerferAWM-1.jpg/175px-17cmMinenwerferAWM-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/17cmMinenwerferAWM-1.jpg/263px-17cmMinenwerferAWM-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/17cmMinenwerferAWM-1.jpg/350px-17cmMinenwerferAWM-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">17 cm nMW nA</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:25cmMinenwerferCrewLoading.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="German soldiers loading a 25 cm MinenWerfer, World War I"><img alt="German soldiers loading a 25 cm MinenWerfer, World War I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/25cmMinenwerferCrewLoading.jpg/173px-25cmMinenwerferCrewLoading.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/25cmMinenwerferCrewLoading.jpg/259px-25cmMinenwerferCrewLoading.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/25cmMinenwerferCrewLoading.jpg/346px-25cmMinenwerferCrewLoading.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="556" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">German soldiers loading a 25 cm MinenWerfer, World War I</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:111-SC-28652_-_NARA_-_55216758_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="24 cm schwerer FlügelMinenWerfer IKO"><img alt="24 cm schwerer FlügelMinenWerfer IKO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/111-SC-28652_-_NARA_-_55216758_%28cropped%29.jpg/131px-111-SC-28652_-_NARA_-_55216758_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/111-SC-28652_-_NARA_-_55216758_%28cropped%29.jpg/196px-111-SC-28652_-_NARA_-_55216758_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/111-SC-28652_-_NARA_-_55216758_%28cropped%29.jpg/262px-111-SC-28652_-_NARA_-_55216758_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="899" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">24 cm schwerer FlügelMinenWerfer IKO</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:240mmalbrechtmortar2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="24 cm schwerer FlügelMinenWerfer Albrecht"><img alt="24 cm schwerer FlügelMinenWerfer Albrecht" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/240mmalbrechtmortar2.jpg/131px-240mmalbrechtmortar2.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/240mmalbrechtmortar2.jpg/197px-240mmalbrechtmortar2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/240mmalbrechtmortar2.jpg/263px-240mmalbrechtmortar2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="509" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">24 cm schwerer FlügelMinenWerfer Albrecht</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Artillery_on_the_Western_Front_Q160.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Minenwerfer Lanz 91"><img alt="A Minenwerfer Lanz 91" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/German_Artillery_on_the_Western_Front_Q160.jpg/153px-German_Artillery_on_the_Western_Front_Q160.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/German_Artillery_on_the_Western_Front_Q160.jpg/229px-German_Artillery_on_the_Western_Front_Q160.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/German_Artillery_on_the_Western_Front_Q160.jpg/306px-German_Artillery_on_the_Western_Front_Q160.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Minenwerfer Lanz 91</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minenwerfer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Granatenwerfer_16" title="Granatenwerfer 16">Granatenwerfer 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9.15_cm_leichtes_Minenwerfer_System_Lanz" title="9.15 cm leichtes Minenwerfer System Lanz">9.15 cm leichtes Minenwerfer System Lanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_cm_schwerer_LadungsWerfer_Ehrhardt" title="24 cm schwerer LadungsWerfer Ehrhardt">24 cm schwerer LadungsWerfer Ehrhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_cm_schwere_Fl%C3%BCgelminenwerfer_IKO" title="24 cm schwere Flügelminenwerfer IKO">24 cm schwere Flügelminenwerfer IKO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_cm_schwere_Fl%C3%BCgelMinenWerfer_Albrecht" title="24 cm schwere FlügelMinenWerfer Albrecht">24 cm schwere FlügelMinenWerfer Albrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Mortar" class="mw-redirect" title="Albrecht Mortar">Albrecht Mortar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minenwerfer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a 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.id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/salmonsen/2/17/0086.html">"Salmonsens konversationsleksikon / Anden Udgave / Bind XVII: Mielck—Nordland / 72 (1915-1930)"</a>. <i>runeberg.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213053/http://runeberg.org/salmonsen/2/17/0086.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=runeberg.org&rft.atitle=Salmonsens+konversationsleksikon+%2F+Anden+Udgave+%2F+Bind+XVII%3A+Mielck%E2%80%94Nordland+%2F+72+%281915-1930%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fsalmonsen%2F2%2F17%2F0086.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinenwerfer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Hogg (1976). <i>War Monthly - Issue 37: Minenwerfer</i>, p. 4. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0307-2886">0307-2886</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Hogg (1976). <i>War Monthly - Issue 37: Minenwerfer</i>, p. 4. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0307-2886">0307-2886</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Hogg (1976). <i>War Monthly - Issue 37: Minenwerfer</i>, p. 6. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0307-2886">0307-2886</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nick Cornish (2001). <i>The Russian Army 1914-18</i>, p. 6. Osprey Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-303-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-303-9">1-84176-303-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Hogg (1976). <i>War Monthly - Issue 37: Minenwerfer</i>, p. 6. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0307-2886">0307-2886</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><i>Russian army 1914-18</i>, Osprey Publishing, Nick Cornish, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-303-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-303-9">1-84176-303-9</a></li> <li><i>German artillery of World War One</i>, Herbert Jäger, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86126-403-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-86126-403-8">1-86126-403-8</a></li> <li><i>German trench warfare: Minenwerfer</i>, Ian Hogg, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0307-2886">0307-2886</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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