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class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/keeping-your-account-and-data-secure/security-log-events"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R1ejb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Security log events</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R1ijb6n6:--label " id=":R1ijb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/keeping-your-account-and-data-secure/removing-sensitive-data-from-a-repository"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R1ijb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Remove sensitive data</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R1mjb6n6:--label " id=":R1mjb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/keeping-your-account-and-data-secure/about-anonymized-urls"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R1mjb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">About anonymized URLs</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R1qjb6n6:--label " id=":R1qjb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/keeping-your-account-and-data-secure/about-githubs-ip-addresses"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R1qjb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">GitHub's IP addresses</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R1ujb6n6:--label " id=":R1ujb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" 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class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 itjSOb"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 cUxMoC"><span id=":R5b6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Secure your account with 2FA</span><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 lmYNOb"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="Octicon-sc-9kayk9-0 daAEFx" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" style="display:inline-block;user-select:none;vertical-align:text-bottom;overflow:visible"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg></span></div></div></button><div><ul id=":R5b6n6H1:" aria-labelledby=":R5b6n6:" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gMkIpo"><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R6lb6n6:--label " id=":R6lb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/securing-your-account-with-two-factor-authentication-2fa/about-two-factor-authentication"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R6lb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">About 2FA</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Ralb6n6:--label " id=":Ralb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/securing-your-account-with-two-factor-authentication-2fa/configuring-two-factor-authentication"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Ralb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Configure 2FA</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Relb6n6:--label " id=":Relb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/securing-your-account-with-two-factor-authentication-2fa/configuring-two-factor-authentication-recovery-methods"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Relb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Configure 2FA recovery</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rilb6n6:--label " id=":Rilb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/securing-your-account-with-two-factor-authentication-2fa/accessing-github-using-two-factor-authentication"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rilb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Access GitHub with 2FA</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rmlb6n6:--label " id=":Rmlb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/securing-your-account-with-two-factor-authentication-2fa/recovering-your-account-if-you-lose-your-2fa-credentials"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rmlb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Recover an account with 2FA</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rqlb6n6:--label " id=":Rqlb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/securing-your-account-with-two-factor-authentication-2fa/changing-your-two-factor-authentication-method"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rqlb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Change 2FA method</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rulb6n6:--label " id=":Rulb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/securing-your-account-with-two-factor-authentication-2fa/about-mandatory-two-factor-authentication"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rulb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">About mandatory 2FA</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R12lb6n6:--label " id=":R12lb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/securing-your-account-with-two-factor-authentication-2fa/countries-where-sms-authentication-is-supported"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R12lb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Countries supporting SMS</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R16lb6n6:--label " id=":R16lb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/securing-your-account-with-two-factor-authentication-2fa/disabling-two-factor-authentication-for-your-personal-account"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R16lb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Disable 2FA</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li aria-labelledby=":R7b6n6:" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 Ywlla"><button tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R7b6n6:--label " id=":R7b6n6:" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls=":R7b6n6H1:" class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 itjSOb"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 cUxMoC"><span id=":R7b6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Authenticate with a passkey</span><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 lmYNOb"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="Octicon-sc-9kayk9-0 daAEFx" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" style="display:inline-block;user-select:none;vertical-align:text-bottom;overflow:visible"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg></span></div></div></button><div><ul id=":R7b6n6H1:" aria-labelledby=":R7b6n6:" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gMkIpo"><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R6nb6n6:--label " id=":R6nb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/authenticating-with-a-passkey/about-passkeys"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R6nb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">About passkeys</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Ranb6n6:--label " id=":Ranb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/authenticating-with-a-passkey/managing-your-passkeys"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Ranb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Manage your passkeys</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Renb6n6:--label " id=":Renb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/authenticating-with-a-passkey/signing-in-with-a-passkey"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Renb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Sign in with a passkey</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li aria-labelledby=":R9b6n6:" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 Ywlla"><button tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R9b6n6:--label " id=":R9b6n6:" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls=":R9b6n6H1:" class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 itjSOb"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 cUxMoC"><span id=":R9b6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Connect with SSH</span><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 lmYNOb"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="Octicon-sc-9kayk9-0 daAEFx" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" style="display:inline-block;user-select:none;vertical-align:text-bottom;overflow:visible"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg></span></div></div></button><div><ul id=":R9b6n6H1:" aria-labelledby=":R9b6n6:" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gMkIpo"><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R6pb6n6:--label " id=":R6pb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/about-ssh"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R6pb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">About SSH</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rapb6n6:--label " id=":Rapb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/using-ssh-agent-forwarding"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rapb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">SSH agent forwarding</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Repb6n6:--label " id=":Repb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/managing-deploy-keys"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Repb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Managing deploy keys</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Ripb6n6:--label " id=":Ripb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/checking-for-existing-ssh-keys"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Ripb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Check for existing SSH key</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rmpb6n6:--label " id=":Rmpb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rmpb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Generate new SSH key</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rqpb6n6:--label " id=":Rqpb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rqpb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Add a new SSH key</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rupb6n6:--label " id=":Rupb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/testing-your-ssh-connection"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rupb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Test your SSH connection</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R12pb6n6:--label " id=":R12pb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/working-with-ssh-key-passphrases"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R12pb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">SSH key passphrases</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li aria-labelledby=":Rbb6n6:" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 Ywlla"><button tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rbb6n6:--label " id=":Rbb6n6:" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls=":Rbb6n6H1:" class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 itjSOb"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 cUxMoC"><span id=":Rbb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Troubleshooting SSH</span><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 lmYNOb"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="Octicon-sc-9kayk9-0 daAEFx" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" style="display:inline-block;user-select:none;vertical-align:text-bottom;overflow:visible"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg></span></div></div></button><div><ul id=":Rbb6n6H1:" aria-labelledby=":Rbb6n6:" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gMkIpo"><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R6rb6n6:--label " id=":R6rb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/using-ssh-over-the-https-port"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R6rb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Use SSH over HTTPS port</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rarb6n6:--label " id=":Rarb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/recovering-your-ssh-key-passphrase"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rarb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Recover SSH key passphrase</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rerb6n6:--label " id=":Rerb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/deleted-or-missing-ssh-keys"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rerb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Deleted or missing SSH keys</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rirb6n6:--label " id=":Rirb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-host-key-verification-failed"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rirb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Error: Host key verification failed</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rmrb6n6:--label " id=":Rmrb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-permission-denied-publickey"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rmrb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Permission denied (publickey)</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rqrb6n6:--label " id=":Rqrb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-bad-file-number"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rqrb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Error: Bad file number</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rurb6n6:--label " id=":Rurb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-key-already-in-use"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rurb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Error: Key already in use</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R12rb6n6:--label " id=":R12rb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-permission-to-userrepo-denied-to-other-user"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R12rb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Permission denied other-user</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R16rb6n6:--label " id=":R16rb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-permission-to-userrepo-denied-to-userother-repo"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R16rb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Permission denied other-repo</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R1arb6n6:--label " id=":R1arb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-agent-admitted-failure-to-sign"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R1arb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Agent failure to sign</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R1erb6n6:--label " id=":R1erb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-ssh-add-illegal-option----apple-use-keychain"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R1erb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">ssh-add "illegal option" error</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R1irb6n6:--label " id=":R1irb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-ssl-certificate-problem-verify-that-the-ca-cert-is-ok"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R1irb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">SSL certificate problem</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R1mrb6n6:--label " id=":R1mrb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-unknown-key-type"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R1mrb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Error: Unknown key type</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R1qrb6n6:--label " id=":R1qrb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-were-doing-an-ssh-key-audit"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R1qrb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">SSH key audit</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li aria-labelledby=":Rdb6n6:" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 Ywlla"><button tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rdb6n6:--label " id=":Rdb6n6:" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls=":Rdb6n6H1:" class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 itjSOb"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 cUxMoC"><span id=":Rdb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Verify commit signatures</span><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 lmYNOb"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="Octicon-sc-9kayk9-0 gzcJGA" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" style="display:inline-block;user-select:none;vertical-align:text-bottom;overflow:visible"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg></span></div></div></button><div><ul id=":Rdb6n6H1:" aria-labelledby=":Rdb6n6:" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 enEvIH"><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 hTSEii"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R6tb6n6:--label " id=":R6tb6n6:" aria-current="page" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/about-commit-signature-verification"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R6tb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ivpQTm">Commit signature verification</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Ratb6n6:--label " id=":Ratb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/displaying-verification-statuses-for-all-of-your-commits"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Ratb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Displaying verification for all commits</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Retb6n6:--label " id=":Retb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/checking-for-existing-gpg-keys"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Retb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Existing GPG keys</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Ritb6n6:--label " id=":Ritb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/generating-a-new-gpg-key"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Ritb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Generating a new GPG key</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rmtb6n6:--label " id=":Rmtb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-github-account"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rmtb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Add a GPG key</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rqtb6n6:--label " id=":Rqtb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rqtb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Tell Git about your signing key</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rutb6n6:--label " id=":Rutb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/associating-an-email-with-your-gpg-key"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Rutb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Associate email with GPG key</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R12tb6n6:--label " id=":R12tb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R12tb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Signing commits</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R16tb6n6:--label " id=":R16tb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R16tb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Signing tags</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li aria-labelledby=":Rfb6n6:" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 Ywlla"><button tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Rfb6n6:--label " id=":Rfb6n6:" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls=":Rfb6n6H1:" class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 itjSOb"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 cUxMoC"><span id=":Rfb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Troubleshoot verification</span><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 lmYNOb"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="Octicon-sc-9kayk9-0 daAEFx" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" style="display:inline-block;user-select:none;vertical-align:text-bottom;overflow:visible"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg></span></div></div></button><div><ul id=":Rfb6n6H1:" aria-labelledby=":Rfb6n6:" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gMkIpo"><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R6vb6n6:--label " id=":R6vb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-commit-signature-verification/checking-your-commit-and-tag-signature-verification-status"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R6vb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Check verification status</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a sx="[object Object]" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":Ravb6n6:--label " id=":Ravb6n6:" aria-current="false" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 fuIgwR" href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-commit-signature-verification/using-a-verified-email-address-in-your-gpg-key"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":Ravb6n6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Use verified email in GPG key</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></nav></div><div class="flex-column flex-1 min-width-0"><main id="main-content" style="scroll-margin-top:5rem"><div class="container-xl px-3 px-md-6 my-4"><div class="d-none d-xxl-block mt-3 mr-auto width-full"><nav data-testid="breadcrumbs-in-article" class="f5 breadcrumbs Breadcrumbs_breadcrumbs__xAC4i" aria-label="Breadcrumb" data-container="breadcrumbs"><ul><li class="d-inline-block"><a rel="" data-testid="breadcrumb-link" title="Authentication" class="Link--primary mr-2 color-fg-muted" href="/en/authentication">Authentication</a><span class="color-fg-muted pr-2">/</span></li><li class="d-inline-block"><a rel="" data-testid="breadcrumb-link" title="Verify commit signatures" class="Link--primary mr-2 color-fg-muted" href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification">Verify commit signatures</a><span class="color-fg-muted pr-2">/</span></li><li class="d-inline-block"><a rel="" data-testid="breadcrumb-link" title="Commit signature verification" class="Link--primary mr-2 color-fg-muted d-none" href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/about-commit-signature-verification">Commit signature verification</a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="ArticleGridLayout_containerBox__lLLio"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 eQiQea"><div class="d-flex flex-items-baseline flex-justify-between" data-container="title"><h1 id="title-h1" class="border-bottom-0">About commit signature verification</h1></div></div><div id="article-intro" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ijSsTo f4 pb-4"><div class="f2 color-fg-muted mb-3 Lead_container__m3L5f _page-intro" data-container="lead" data-testid="lead" data-search="lead"><p>Using GPG, SSH, or S/MIME, you can sign tags and commits locally. These tags or commits are marked as verified on GitHub so other people can be confident that the changes come from a trusted source.</p></div></div><div data-container="toc" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 giVcWX ArticleGridLayout_sidebarBox__Cj_03 border-bottom border-lg-0 pb-4 mb-5 pb-xl-0 mb-xl-0"><h2 id="in-this-article" class="Heading__StyledHeading-sc-1c1dgg0-0 bebFBv mb-1 ml-3" aria-label="In this article">In this article</h2><nav data-testid="minitoc" class="NavList__NavBox-sc-1c8ygf7-0 Minitocs_miniToc__NaGol my-2" aria-labelledby="in-this-article"><ul class="List__ListBox-sc-1x7olzq-0 hgjakc"><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R2dkteqn6:--label " id=":R2dkteqn6:" aria-current="false" href="#about-commit-signature-verification" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 cJbOew Minitocs_nested__JSAov"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R2dkteqn6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">About commit signature verification</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R2lkteqn6:--label " id=":R2lkteqn6:" aria-current="false" href="#gpg-commit-signature-verification" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 cJbOew Minitocs_nested__JSAov"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R2lkteqn6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">GPG commit signature verification</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R2tkteqn6:--label " id=":R2tkteqn6:" aria-current="false" href="#ssh-commit-signature-verification" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 cJbOew Minitocs_nested__JSAov"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R2tkteqn6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">SSH commit signature verification</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R35kteqn6:--label " id=":R35kteqn6:" aria-current="false" href="#smime-commit-signature-verification" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 cJbOew Minitocs_nested__JSAov"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R35kteqn6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">S/MIME commit signature verification</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R3dkteqn6:--label " id=":R3dkteqn6:" aria-current="false" href="#signature-verification-for-bots" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 cJbOew Minitocs_nested__JSAov"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R3dkteqn6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Signature verification for bots</span></div></a></li><li class="Item__LiBox-sc-yeql7o-0 lnYQME"><a tabindex="0" aria-labelledby=":R3lkteqn6:--label " id=":R3lkteqn6:" aria-current="false" href="#further-reading" class="Link__StyledLink-sc-14289xe-0 cJbOew Minitocs_nested__JSAov"><div data-component="ActionList.Item--DividerContainer" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hROlum"><span id=":R3lkteqn6:--label" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmseMA">Further reading</span></div></a></li></ul></nav></div><div data-container="article" data-search="article-body" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kohLxz"><div id="article-contents"><div class="MarkdownContent_markdownBody__v5MYy markdown-body"><h2 id="about-commit-signature-verification" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="#about-commit-signature-verification">About commit signature verification<span class="heading-link-symbol" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h2> <p>You can sign commits and tags locally, to give other people confidence about the origin of a change you have made. If a commit or tag has a GPG, SSH, or S/MIME signature that is cryptographically verifiable, GitHub marks the commit or tag "Verified" or "Partially verified."</p> <p><picture><source srcset="/assets/cb-17614/mw-1440/images/help/commits/verified-commit.webp 2x" type="image/webp"><img src="/assets/cb-17614/images/help/commits/verified-commit.png" alt="Screenshot of a commit in the commit list for a repository. "Verified" is highlighted with an orange outline."></picture></p> <p>For most individual users, GPG or SSH will be the best choice for signing commits. S/MIME signatures are usually required in the context of a larger organization. SSH signatures are the simplest to generate. You can even upload your existing authentication key to GitHub to also use as a signing key. Generating a GPG signing key is more involved than generating an SSH key, but GPG has features that SSH does not. A GPG key can expire or be revoked when no longer used. The GPG signature may include the information about it being expired or revoked.</p> <p>Commits and tags have the following verification statuses, depending on whether you have enabled vigilant mode. By default vigilant mode is not enabled. For information on how to enable vigilant mode, see "<a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/displaying-verification-statuses-for-all-of-your-commits" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/displaying-verification-statuses-for-all-of-your-commits">Displaying verification statuses for all of your commits</a>."</p> <p>Signing commits differs from signing off on a commit. For more information about signing off on commits, see "<a href="/en/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/managing-repository-settings/managing-the-commit-signoff-policy-for-your-repository" _originalHref="/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/managing-repository-settings/managing-the-commit-signoff-policy-for-your-repository">Managing the commit signoff policy for your repository</a>."</p> <h3 id="default-statuses" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="#default-statuses">Default statuses<span class="heading-link-symbol" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h3> <table><thead><tr><th scope="col">Status</th><th scope="col">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Verified</strong></td><td>The commit is signed and the signature was successfully verified.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Unverified</strong></td><td>The commit is signed but the signature could not be verified.</td></tr><tr><td>No verification status</td><td>The commit is not signed.</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3 id="persistent-commit-signature-verification" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="#persistent-commit-signature-verification">Persistent commit signature verification<span class="heading-link-symbol" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h3> <p>Regardless of the signature choice - GPG, SSH, or S/MIME - once a commit signature is verified, it remains verified within its repository's network. See "<a href="/en/repositories/viewing-activity-and-data-for-your-repository/understanding-connections-between-repositories" _originalHref="/repositories/viewing-activity-and-data-for-your-repository/understanding-connections-between-repositories">Understanding connections between repositories</a>."</p> <p>When a commit signature is verified upon being pushed to GitHub, a verification record is stored alongside the commit. This record can't be edited and will persist so that signatures remain verified over time, even if signing keys are rotated, revoked, or if contributors leave the organization.</p> <p>The verification record includes a timestamp marking when the verification was completed. This persistent record ensures a consistent verified state, providing a stable history of contributions within the repository. You can view this timestamp by hovering over the "Verified" badge on GitHub or by accessing the commit via the REST API, which includes a <code>verified_at</code> field. See "<a href="/en/rest/commits/commits" _originalHref="/rest/commits/commits">REST API endpoints for commits</a>."</p> <p>Persistent commit signature verification applies to new commits pushed to GitHub. For any commits that predate this feature, a persistent record will be created the next time the commit's signature is verified on GitHub, helping ensure that verified statuses remain stable and reliable across the repository's history.</p> <h4 id="records-persist-even-after-revocation-and-expiration" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="#records-persist-even-after-revocation-and-expiration">Records persist even after revocation and expiration<span class="heading-link-symbol" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h4> <p>Persistent commit signature verification reflects the verified state of a commit at the time of verification. This means that if a signing key is later revoked, expired, or otherwise altered, previously verified commits retain their verified status based on the record created during the initial verification. GitHub will not re-verify previously signed commits or retroactively adjust their verification status in response to changes in the key's state. Organizations may need to manage key states directly to align with their security policies, especially if frequent key rotation or revocation is planned.</p> <h4 id="the-verification-record-is-scoped-to-its-repository-network" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="#the-verification-record-is-scoped-to-its-repository-network">The verification record is scoped to its repository network<span class="heading-link-symbol" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h4> <p>The verification record is persistent across the repository network, meaning that if the same commit is pushed again to the same repository or to any of its forks, the existing verification record is reused. This allows GitHub to maintain a consistent verified status across related repositories without re-verifying the commit each time it appears within the network. This persistence reinforces a unified and reliable view of commit authenticity across all instances of the commit within the repository network.</p> <h3 id="signature-verification-for-rebase-and-merge" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="#signature-verification-for-rebase-and-merge">Signature verification for rebase and merge<span class="heading-link-symbol" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h3> <p>When using the <strong>Rebase and Merge</strong> option on a pull request, it's important to note that the commits in the head branch are added to the base branch without commit signature verification. When you use this option, GitHub creates a modified commit, using the data and content of the original commit. This means that GitHub didn't truly create this commit, and can't therefore sign it as a generic system user. GitHub doesn't have access to the committer's private signing keys, so it can't sign the commit on the user's behalf.</p> <p>A workaround for this is to rebase and merge locally, and then push the changes to the pull request's base branch.</p> <p>For more information, see "<a href="/en/repositories/configuring-branches-and-merges-in-your-repository/configuring-pull-request-merges/about-merge-methods-on-github#rebasing-and-merging-your-commits" _originalHref="/repositories/configuring-branches-and-merges-in-your-repository/configuring-pull-request-merges/about-merge-methods-on-github#rebasing-and-merging-your-commits">About merge methods on GitHub</a>."</p> <h3 id="statuses-with-vigilant-mode-enabled" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="#statuses-with-vigilant-mode-enabled">Statuses with vigilant mode enabled<span class="heading-link-symbol" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h3> <table><thead><tr><th scope="col">Status</th><th scope="col">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Verified</strong></td><td>The commit is signed, the signature was successfully verified, and the committer is the only author who has enabled vigilant mode.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Partially verified</strong></td><td>The commit is signed, and the signature was successfully verified, but the commit has an author who: a) is not the committer and b) has enabled vigilant mode. In this case, the commit signature doesn't guarantee the consent of the author, so the commit is only partially verified.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Unverified</strong></td><td>Any of the following is true:<br>- The commit is signed but the signature could not be verified.<br>- The commit is not signed and the committer has enabled vigilant mode.<br>- The commit is not signed and an author has enabled vigilant mode.<br></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Repository administrators can enforce required commit signing on a branch to block all commits that are not signed and verified. For more information, see "<a href="/en/repositories/configuring-branches-and-merges-in-your-repository/managing-protected-branches/about-protected-branches#require-signed-commits" _originalHref="/repositories/configuring-branches-and-merges-in-your-repository/managing-protected-branches/about-protected-branches#require-signed-commits">About protected branches</a>."</p> <p>You can check the verification status of your signed commits or tags on GitHub and view why your commit signatures might be unverified. For more information, see "<a href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-commit-signature-verification/checking-your-commit-and-tag-signature-verification-status" _originalHref="/authentication/troubleshooting-commit-signature-verification/checking-your-commit-and-tag-signature-verification-status">Checking your commit and tag signature verification status</a>."</p> <p>GitHub will automatically use GPG to sign commits you make using the web interface. Commits signed by GitHub will have a verified status. You can verify the signature locally using the public key available at <a href="https://github.com/web-flow.gpg">https://github.com/web-flow.gpg</a>.</p> <p>You can optionally choose to have GitHub GPG sign commits you make in GitHub Codespaces. For more information about enabling GPG verification for your codespaces, see "<a href="/en/codespaces/managing-your-codespaces/managing-gpg-verification-for-github-codespaces" _originalHref="/codespaces/managing-your-codespaces/managing-gpg-verification-for-github-codespaces">Managing GPG verification for GitHub Codespaces</a>."</p> <h2 id="gpg-commit-signature-verification" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="#gpg-commit-signature-verification">GPG commit signature verification<span class="heading-link-symbol" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h2> <p>You can use GPG to sign commits with a GPG key that you generate yourself.</p> <p>GitHub uses OpenPGP libraries to confirm that your locally signed commits and tags are cryptographically verifiable against a public key you have added to your account on GitHub.com.</p> <p>To sign commits using GPG and have those commits verified on GitHub, follow these steps:</p> <ol> <li><a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/checking-for-existing-gpg-keys" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/checking-for-existing-gpg-keys">Check for existing GPG keys</a></li> <li><a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/generating-a-new-gpg-key" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/generating-a-new-gpg-key">Generate a new GPG key</a></li> <li><a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-github-account" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-github-account">Add a GPG key to your GitHub account</a></li> <li><a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key">Tell Git about your signing key</a></li> <li><a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits">Sign commits</a></li> <li><a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags">Sign tags</a></li> </ol> <h2 id="ssh-commit-signature-verification" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="#ssh-commit-signature-verification">SSH commit signature verification<span class="heading-link-symbol" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h2> <p>You can use SSH to sign commits with an SSH key that you generate yourself. For more information, see the <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-usersigningKey">Git reference documentation</a> for <code>user.Signingkey</code>. If you already use an SSH key to authenticate with GitHub, you can also upload that same key again for use as a signing key. There's no limit on the number of signing keys you can add to your account.</p> <p>GitHub uses <a href="https://github.com/github/ssh_data">ssh_data</a>, an open source Ruby library, to confirm that your locally signed commits and tags are cryptographically verifiable against a public key you have added to your account on GitHub.com.</p> <div class="ghd-alert ghd-alert-accent"><p class="ghd-alert-title"><svg version="1.1" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="octicon mr-2" aria-hidden><path d="M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg>Note</p> <p> SSH signature verification is available in Git 2.34 or later. To update your version of Git, see the <a href="https://git-scm.com/downloads">Git</a> website.</p> </div> <p>To sign commits using SSH and have those commits verified on GitHub, follow these steps:</p> <ol> <li><a href="/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/checking-for-existing-ssh-keys" _originalHref="/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/checking-for-existing-ssh-keys">Check for existing SSH keys</a></li> <li><a href="/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent" _originalHref="/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent">Generate a new SSH key</a></li> <li><a href="/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account" _originalHref="/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account">Add a SSH signing key to your GitHub account</a></li> <li><a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key">Tell Git about your signing key</a></li> <li><a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits">Sign commits</a></li> <li><a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags">Sign tags</a></li> </ol> <h2 id="smime-commit-signature-verification" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="#smime-commit-signature-verification">S/MIME commit signature verification<span class="heading-link-symbol" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h2> <p>You can use S/MIME to sign commits with an X.509 key issued by your organization.</p> <p>GitHub uses <a href="https://packages.debian.org/bullseye/ca-certificates">the Debian ca-certificates package</a>, the same trust store used by Mozilla browsers, to confirm that your locally signed commits and tags are cryptographically verifiable against a public key in a trusted root certificate.</p> <div class="ghd-alert ghd-alert-accent"><p class="ghd-alert-title"><svg version="1.1" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="octicon mr-2" aria-hidden><path d="M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg>Note</p> <p> S/MIME signature verification is available in Git 2.19 or later. To update your version of Git, see the <a href="https://git-scm.com/downloads">Git</a> website.</p> </div> <p>To sign commits using S/MIME and have those commits verified on GitHub, follow these steps:</p> <ol> <li><a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key">Tell Git about your signing key</a></li> <li><a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits">Sign commits</a></li> <li><a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags">Sign tags</a></li> </ol> <p>You don't need to upload your public key to GitHub.</p> <h2 id="signature-verification-for-bots" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="#signature-verification-for-bots">Signature verification for bots<span class="heading-link-symbol" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h2> <p>Organizations and GitHub Apps that require commit signing can use bots to sign commits. If a commit or tag has a bot signature that is cryptographically verifiable, GitHub marks the commit or tag as verified.</p> <p>Signature verification for bots will only work if the request is verified and authenticated as the GitHub App or bot and contains no custom author information, custom committer information, and no custom signature information, such as Commits API.</p> <h2 id="further-reading" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="#further-reading">Further reading<span class="heading-link-symbol" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h2> <ul> <li>"<a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits">Signing commits</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags" _originalHref="/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags">Signing tags</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/en/authentication/troubleshooting-commit-signature-verification" _originalHref="/authentication/troubleshooting-commit-signature-verification">Troubleshooting commit signature verification</a>"</li> </ul></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer data-container="footer"><section class="container-xl mt-lg-8 mt-6 px-3 px-md-6 no-print mx-auto"><h2 class="f3">Help and support</h2><div class="container-xl mx-auto py-6 py-lg-6 clearfix border-top border-color-secondary"><div class="float-left pr-4 mb-6 mb-xl-0 col-12 col-lg-6 col-xl-3"><form class="f5" data-testid="survey-form" aria-live="polite"><h3 id="survey-title" class="f4 mb-3">Did you find what you needed?</h3><input type="text" class="d-none" name="survey-token" value=""/><div class="mb-2" role="radiogroup" aria-labelledby="survey-title"><input class="Survey_visuallyHidden__Xh_nl Survey_customRadio__aNqUl" id="survey-yes" type="radio" name="survey-vote" aria-label="Yes" value="Y"/><label class="btn mr-1" 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To learn how to find your instance's version, see \"\u003ca href=\"/{{ currentVersion }}/get-started/learning-about-github/about-versions-of-github-docs#github-enterprise-server\"\u003eAbout versions of GitHub Docs\u003c/a\u003e\".","redirect_notice":"We've recently moved some of the REST API documentation.","redirect_repo":"If you can't find what you're looking for, you might try the new {{ newRestPagesLinks }} REST API pages.","redirect_enterprise":"If you can't find what you're looking for, you might try the {{ actionsPageLink }} REST API page.","actions_api_title":"Actions"},"versioning":{"about_versions":"About REST API versions"},"overview":{"permissions":{"access":"Access","endpoints":"Endpoint","tokens":"Token types","additionalPermissions":"Additional permissions","uat":"UAT","iat":"IAT"}},"screen_reader_text_checkmark_icon":"Multiple permissions are required, or a different permission may be used. For more information about the permissions, see the documentation for this endpoint."},"domain_edit":{"name":"Domain name","edit":"Edit","edit_your":"Edit your domain name","experimental":"Experimental","your_name":"Your domain name","cancel":"Cancel","save":"Save","snippet_about":"Updating will include the new domain name in all code snippets across GitHub Docs.","learn_more":"Learn more","submission_failed":"Submission failed. Please try again in a minute."},"popovers":{"role_description":"hovercard link"}},"reusables":{},"variables":{"release_candidate":{"version":"enterprise-server@3.15"}}},"currentCategory":"managing-commit-signature-verification","currentPathWithoutLanguage":"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/about-commit-signature-verification","page":{"documentType":"article","type":null,"title":"About commit signature verification","fullTitle":"About commit signature verification - GitHub Docs","topics":["Identity","Access management"],"introPlainText":"Using GPG, SSH, or S/MIME, you can sign tags and commits locally. These tags or commits are marked as verified on GitHub so other people can be confident that the changes come from a trusted source.","applicableVersions":["free-pro-team@latest","enterprise-cloud@latest","enterprise-server@3.15","enterprise-server@3.14","enterprise-server@3.13","enterprise-server@3.12","enterprise-server@3.11","enterprise-server@3.10"],"hidden":false,"noEarlyAccessBanner":false},"enterpriseServerReleases":{"isOldestReleaseDeprecated":true,"oldestSupported":"3.10","nextDeprecationDate":"2024-09-25","supported":["3.15","3.14","3.13","3.12","3.11","3.10"]},"enterpriseServerVersions":["enterprise-server@3.15","enterprise-server@3.14","enterprise-server@3.13","enterprise-server@3.12","enterprise-server@3.11","enterprise-server@3.10"],"allVersions":{"free-pro-team@latest":{"version":"free-pro-team@latest","versionTitle":"Free, Pro, \u0026 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2FA","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/securing-your-account-with-two-factor-authentication-2fa/countries-where-sms-authentication-is-supported","title":"Countries supporting SMS","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/securing-your-account-with-two-factor-authentication-2fa/disabling-two-factor-authentication-for-your-personal-account","title":"Disable 2FA","childPages":[]}]},{"href":"/en/authentication/authenticating-with-a-passkey","title":"Authenticate with a passkey","childPages":[{"href":"/en/authentication/authenticating-with-a-passkey/about-passkeys","title":"About passkeys","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/authenticating-with-a-passkey/managing-your-passkeys","title":"Manage your passkeys","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/authenticating-with-a-passkey/signing-in-with-a-passkey","title":"Sign in with a passkey","childPages":[]}]},{"href":"/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh","title":"Connect with SSH","childPages":[{"href":"/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/about-ssh","title":"About SSH","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/using-ssh-agent-forwarding","title":"SSH agent forwarding","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/managing-deploy-keys","title":"Managing deploy keys","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/checking-for-existing-ssh-keys","title":"Check for existing SSH key","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent","title":"Generate new SSH key","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account","title":"Add a new SSH key","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/testing-your-ssh-connection","title":"Test your SSH connection","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/working-with-ssh-key-passphrases","title":"SSH key passphrases","childPages":[]}]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh","title":"Troubleshooting SSH","childPages":[{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/using-ssh-over-the-https-port","title":"Use SSH over HTTPS port","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/recovering-your-ssh-key-passphrase","title":"Recover SSH key passphrase","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/deleted-or-missing-ssh-keys","title":"Deleted or missing SSH keys","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-host-key-verification-failed","title":"Error: Host key verification failed","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-permission-denied-publickey","title":"Permission denied (publickey)","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-bad-file-number","title":"Error: Bad file number","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-key-already-in-use","title":"Error: Key already in use","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-permission-to-userrepo-denied-to-other-user","title":"Permission denied other-user","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-permission-to-userrepo-denied-to-userother-repo","title":"Permission denied other-repo","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-agent-admitted-failure-to-sign","title":"Agent failure to sign","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-ssh-add-illegal-option----apple-use-keychain","title":"ssh-add \"illegal option\" error","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-ssl-certificate-problem-verify-that-the-ca-cert-is-ok","title":"SSL certificate problem","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-unknown-key-type","title":"Error: Unknown key type","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-ssh/error-were-doing-an-ssh-key-audit","title":"SSH key audit","childPages":[]}]},{"href":"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification","title":"Verify commit signatures","childPages":[{"href":"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/about-commit-signature-verification","title":"Commit signature verification","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/displaying-verification-statuses-for-all-of-your-commits","title":"Displaying verification for all commits","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/checking-for-existing-gpg-keys","title":"Existing GPG keys","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/generating-a-new-gpg-key","title":"Generating a new GPG key","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-github-account","title":"Add a GPG key","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key","title":"Tell Git about your signing key","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/associating-an-email-with-your-gpg-key","title":"Associate email with GPG key","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits","title":"Signing commits","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags","title":"Signing tags","childPages":[]}]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-commit-signature-verification","title":"Troubleshoot verification","childPages":[{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-commit-signature-verification/checking-your-commit-and-tag-signature-verification-status","title":"Check verification status","childPages":[]},{"href":"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-commit-signature-verification/using-a-verified-email-address-in-your-gpg-key","title":"Use verified email in GPG key","childPages":[]}]}]},"featureFlags":{},"nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion":"free-pro-team@latest","status":200,"fullUrl":"https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/about-commit-signature-verification","currentLayoutName":"default","relativePath":"authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/about-commit-signature-verification.md"},"articleContext":{"title":"About commit signature verification","intro":"\u003cp\u003eUsing GPG, SSH, or S/MIME, you can sign tags and commits locally. These tags or commits are marked as verified on GitHub so other people can be confident that the changes come from a trusted source.\u003c/p\u003e","effectiveDate":"","renderedPage":"\u003ch2 id=\"about-commit-signature-verification\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-link\" href=\"#about-commit-signature-verification\"\u003eAbout commit signature verification\u003cspan class=\"heading-link-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can sign commits and tags locally, to give other people confidence about the origin of a change you have made. If a commit or tag has a GPG, SSH, or S/MIME signature that is cryptographically verifiable, GitHub marks the commit or tag \"Verified\" or \"Partially verified.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cpicture\u003e\u003csource srcset=\"/assets/cb-17614/mw-1440/images/help/commits/verified-commit.webp 2x\" type=\"image/webp\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/assets/cb-17614/images/help/commits/verified-commit.png\" alt=\"Screenshot of a commit in the commit list for a repository. \u0026#x22;Verified\u0026#x22; is highlighted with an orange outline.\"\u003e\u003c/picture\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor most individual users, GPG or SSH will be the best choice for signing commits. S/MIME signatures are usually required in the context of a larger organization. SSH signatures are the simplest to generate. You can even upload your existing authentication key to GitHub to also use as a signing key. Generating a GPG signing key is more involved than generating an SSH key, but GPG has features that SSH does not. A GPG key can expire or be revoked when no longer used. The GPG signature may include the information about it being expired or revoked.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommits and tags have the following verification statuses, depending on whether you have enabled vigilant mode. By default vigilant mode is not enabled. For information on how to enable vigilant mode, see \"\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/displaying-verification-statuses-for-all-of-your-commits\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/displaying-verification-statuses-for-all-of-your-commits\"\u003eDisplaying verification statuses for all of your commits\u003c/a\u003e.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSigning commits differs from signing off on a commit. For more information about signing off on commits, see \"\u003ca href=\"/en/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/managing-repository-settings/managing-the-commit-signoff-policy-for-your-repository\" _originalHref=\"/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/managing-repository-settings/managing-the-commit-signoff-policy-for-your-repository\"\u003eManaging the commit signoff policy for your repository\u003c/a\u003e.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"default-statuses\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-link\" href=\"#default-statuses\"\u003eDefault statuses\u003cspan class=\"heading-link-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u003ctable\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth scope=\"col\"\u003eStatus\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth scope=\"col\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVerified\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eThe commit is signed and the signature was successfully verified.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnverified\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eThe commit is signed but the signature could not be verified.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eNo verification status\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eThe commit is not signed.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"persistent-commit-signature-verification\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-link\" href=\"#persistent-commit-signature-verification\"\u003ePersistent commit signature verification\u003cspan class=\"heading-link-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegardless of the signature choice - GPG, SSH, or S/MIME - once a commit signature is verified, it remains verified within its repository's network. See \"\u003ca href=\"/en/repositories/viewing-activity-and-data-for-your-repository/understanding-connections-between-repositories\" _originalHref=\"/repositories/viewing-activity-and-data-for-your-repository/understanding-connections-between-repositories\"\u003eUnderstanding connections between repositories\u003c/a\u003e.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen a commit signature is verified upon being pushed to GitHub, a verification record is stored alongside the commit. This record can't be edited and will persist so that signatures remain verified over time, even if signing keys are rotated, revoked, or if contributors leave the organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe verification record includes a timestamp marking when the verification was completed. This persistent record ensures a consistent verified state, providing a stable history of contributions within the repository. You can view this timestamp by hovering over the \"Verified\" badge on GitHub or by accessing the commit via the REST API, which includes a \u003ccode\u003everified_at\u003c/code\u003e field. See \"\u003ca href=\"/en/rest/commits/commits\" _originalHref=\"/rest/commits/commits\"\u003eREST API endpoints for commits\u003c/a\u003e.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePersistent commit signature verification applies to new commits pushed to GitHub. For any commits that predate this feature, a persistent record will be created the next time the commit's signature is verified on GitHub, helping ensure that verified statuses remain stable and reliable across the repository's history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"records-persist-even-after-revocation-and-expiration\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-link\" href=\"#records-persist-even-after-revocation-and-expiration\"\u003eRecords persist even after revocation and expiration\u003cspan class=\"heading-link-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePersistent commit signature verification reflects the verified state of a commit at the time of verification. This means that if a signing key is later revoked, expired, or otherwise altered, previously verified commits retain their verified status based on the record created during the initial verification. GitHub will not re-verify previously signed commits or retroactively adjust their verification status in response to changes in the key's state. Organizations may need to manage key states directly to align with their security policies, especially if frequent key rotation or revocation is planned.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"the-verification-record-is-scoped-to-its-repository-network\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-link\" href=\"#the-verification-record-is-scoped-to-its-repository-network\"\u003eThe verification record is scoped to its repository network\u003cspan class=\"heading-link-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe verification record is persistent across the repository network, meaning that if the same commit is pushed again to the same repository or to any of its forks, the existing verification record is reused. This allows GitHub to maintain a consistent verified status across related repositories without re-verifying the commit each time it appears within the network. This persistence reinforces a unified and reliable view of commit authenticity across all instances of the commit within the repository network.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"signature-verification-for-rebase-and-merge\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-link\" href=\"#signature-verification-for-rebase-and-merge\"\u003eSignature verification for rebase and merge\u003cspan class=\"heading-link-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen using the \u003cstrong\u003eRebase and Merge\u003c/strong\u003e option on a pull request, it's important to note that the commits in the head branch are added to the base branch without commit signature verification.\nWhen you use this option, GitHub creates a modified commit, using the data and content of the original commit. This means that GitHub didn't truly create this commit, and can't therefore sign it as a generic system user.\nGitHub doesn't have access to the committer's private signing keys, so it can't sign the commit on the user's behalf.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA workaround for this is to rebase and merge locally, and then push the changes to the pull request's base branch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor more information, see \"\u003ca href=\"/en/repositories/configuring-branches-and-merges-in-your-repository/configuring-pull-request-merges/about-merge-methods-on-github#rebasing-and-merging-your-commits\" _originalHref=\"/repositories/configuring-branches-and-merges-in-your-repository/configuring-pull-request-merges/about-merge-methods-on-github#rebasing-and-merging-your-commits\"\u003eAbout merge methods on GitHub\u003c/a\u003e.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"statuses-with-vigilant-mode-enabled\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-link\" href=\"#statuses-with-vigilant-mode-enabled\"\u003eStatuses with vigilant mode enabled\u003cspan class=\"heading-link-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u003ctable\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth scope=\"col\"\u003eStatus\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth scope=\"col\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVerified\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eThe commit is signed, the signature was successfully verified, and the committer is the only author who has enabled vigilant mode.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePartially verified\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eThe commit is signed, and the signature was successfully verified, but the commit has an author who: a) is not the committer and b) has enabled vigilant mode. In this case, the commit signature doesn't guarantee the consent of the author, so the commit is only partially verified.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnverified\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eAny of the following is true:\u003cbr\u003e- The commit is signed but the signature could not be verified.\u003cbr\u003e- The commit is not signed and the committer has enabled vigilant mode.\u003cbr\u003e- The commit is not signed and an author has enabled vigilant mode.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRepository administrators can enforce required commit signing on a branch to block all commits that are not signed and verified. For more information, see \"\u003ca href=\"/en/repositories/configuring-branches-and-merges-in-your-repository/managing-protected-branches/about-protected-branches#require-signed-commits\" _originalHref=\"/repositories/configuring-branches-and-merges-in-your-repository/managing-protected-branches/about-protected-branches#require-signed-commits\"\u003eAbout protected branches\u003c/a\u003e.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can check the verification status of your signed commits or tags on GitHub and view why your commit signatures might be unverified. For more information, see \"\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-commit-signature-verification/checking-your-commit-and-tag-signature-verification-status\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/troubleshooting-commit-signature-verification/checking-your-commit-and-tag-signature-verification-status\"\u003eChecking your commit and tag signature verification status\u003c/a\u003e.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGitHub will automatically use GPG to sign commits you make using the web interface. Commits signed by GitHub will have a verified status. You can verify the signature locally using the public key available at \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/web-flow.gpg\"\u003ehttps://github.com/web-flow.gpg\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can optionally choose to have GitHub GPG sign commits you make in GitHub Codespaces. For more information about enabling GPG verification for your codespaces, see \"\u003ca href=\"/en/codespaces/managing-your-codespaces/managing-gpg-verification-for-github-codespaces\" _originalHref=\"/codespaces/managing-your-codespaces/managing-gpg-verification-for-github-codespaces\"\u003eManaging GPG verification for GitHub Codespaces\u003c/a\u003e.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"gpg-commit-signature-verification\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-link\" href=\"#gpg-commit-signature-verification\"\u003eGPG commit signature verification\u003cspan class=\"heading-link-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can use GPG to sign commits with a GPG key that you generate yourself.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGitHub uses OpenPGP libraries to confirm that your locally signed commits and tags are cryptographically verifiable against a public key you have added to your account on GitHub.com.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo sign commits using GPG and have those commits verified on GitHub, follow these steps:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/checking-for-existing-gpg-keys\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/checking-for-existing-gpg-keys\"\u003eCheck for existing GPG keys\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/generating-a-new-gpg-key\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/generating-a-new-gpg-key\"\u003eGenerate a new GPG key\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-github-account\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-github-account\"\u003eAdd a GPG key to your GitHub account\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key\"\u003eTell Git about your signing key\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits\"\u003eSign commits\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags\"\u003eSign tags\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"ssh-commit-signature-verification\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-link\" href=\"#ssh-commit-signature-verification\"\u003eSSH commit signature verification\u003cspan class=\"heading-link-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can use SSH to sign commits with an SSH key that you generate yourself. For more information, see the \u003ca href=\"https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-usersigningKey\"\u003eGit reference documentation\u003c/a\u003e for \u003ccode\u003euser.Signingkey\u003c/code\u003e. If you already use an SSH key to authenticate with GitHub,\nyou can also upload that same key again for use as a signing key. There's no limit on the number of signing keys you can add to your account.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGitHub uses \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/github/ssh_data\"\u003essh_data\u003c/a\u003e, an open source Ruby library, to confirm that your locally signed commits and tags are cryptographically verifiable against a public key you have added to your account on GitHub.com.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ghd-alert ghd-alert-accent\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"ghd-alert-title\"\u003e\u003csvg version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" class=\"octicon mr-2\" aria-hidden\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003eNote\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\nSSH signature verification is available in Git 2.34 or later. To update your version of Git, see the \u003ca href=\"https://git-scm.com/downloads\"\u003eGit\u003c/a\u003e website.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo sign commits using SSH and have those commits verified on GitHub, follow these steps:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/checking-for-existing-ssh-keys\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/checking-for-existing-ssh-keys\"\u003eCheck for existing SSH keys\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent\"\u003eGenerate a new SSH key\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account\"\u003eAdd a SSH signing key to your GitHub account\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key\"\u003eTell Git about your signing key\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits\"\u003eSign commits\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags\"\u003eSign tags\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"smime-commit-signature-verification\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-link\" href=\"#smime-commit-signature-verification\"\u003eS/MIME commit signature verification\u003cspan class=\"heading-link-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can use S/MIME to sign commits with an X.509 key issued by your organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGitHub uses \u003ca href=\"https://packages.debian.org/bullseye/ca-certificates\"\u003ethe Debian ca-certificates package\u003c/a\u003e, the same trust store used by Mozilla browsers, to confirm that your locally signed commits and tags are cryptographically verifiable against a public key in a trusted root certificate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ghd-alert ghd-alert-accent\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"ghd-alert-title\"\u003e\u003csvg version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" class=\"octicon mr-2\" aria-hidden\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003eNote\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\nS/MIME signature verification is available in Git 2.19 or later. To update your version of Git, see the \u003ca href=\"https://git-scm.com/downloads\"\u003eGit\u003c/a\u003e website.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo sign commits using S/MIME and have those commits verified on GitHub, follow these steps:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key\"\u003eTell Git about your signing key\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits\"\u003eSign commits\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags\"\u003eSign tags\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou don't need to upload your public key to GitHub.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"signature-verification-for-bots\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-link\" href=\"#signature-verification-for-bots\"\u003eSignature verification for bots\u003cspan class=\"heading-link-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOrganizations and GitHub Apps that require commit signing can use bots to sign commits. If a commit or tag has a bot signature that is cryptographically verifiable, GitHub marks the commit or tag as verified.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSignature verification for bots will only work if the request is verified and authenticated as the GitHub App or bot and contains no custom author information, custom committer information, and no custom signature information, such as Commits API.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"further-reading\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-link\" href=\"#further-reading\"\u003eFurther reading\u003cspan class=\"heading-link-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\"\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits\"\u003eSigning commits\u003c/a\u003e\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\"\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-tags\"\u003eSigning tags\u003c/a\u003e\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\"\u003ca href=\"/en/authentication/troubleshooting-commit-signature-verification\" _originalHref=\"/authentication/troubleshooting-commit-signature-verification\"\u003eTroubleshooting commit signature verification\u003c/a\u003e\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","miniTocItems":[{"contents":{"href":"#about-commit-signature-verification","title":"About commit signature verification"}},{"contents":{"href":"#gpg-commit-signature-verification","title":"GPG commit signature verification"}},{"contents":{"href":"#ssh-commit-signature-verification","title":"SSH commit signature verification"}},{"contents":{"href":"#smime-commit-signature-verification","title":"S/MIME commit signature verification"}},{"contents":{"href":"#signature-verification-for-bots","title":"Signature verification for bots"}},{"contents":{"href":"#further-reading","title":"Further reading"}}],"permissions":"","includesPlatformSpecificContent":false,"includesToolSpecificContent":false,"defaultPlatform":"","defaultTool":"","product":"","productVideoUrl":"","currentLearningTrack":null,"detectedPlatforms":[],"detectedTools":[],"allTools":{"agents":"Agents","api":"API","azure_data_studio":"Azure Data Studio","bash":"Bash","cli":"GitHub CLI","codespaces":"Codespaces","curl":"curl","desktop":"Desktop","importer_cli":"GitHub Enterprise Importer CLI","javascript":"JavaScript","jetbrains":"JetBrains IDEs","jetbrains_beta":"JetBrains IDEs (Beta)","skillsets":"Skillsets","vimneovim":"Vim/Neovim","powershell":"PowerShell","visualstudio":"Visual Studio","vscode":"Visual Studio Code","webui":"Web browser","windowsterminal":"Windows Terminal","xcode":"Xcode"},"supportPortalVaIframeProps":{"supportPortalUrl":"https://support.github.com","vaFlowUrlParameter":""},"currentLayout":"default"}},"languagesContext":{"languages":{"en":{"name":"English","code":"en"},"zh":{"name":"Simplified Chinese","code":"zh","hreflang":"zh-Hans","nativeName":"简体中文"},"es":{"name":"Spanish","code":"es","nativeName":"Español"},"pt":{"name":"Portuguese","code":"pt","nativeName":"Português do Brasil"},"ru":{"name":"Russian","code":"ru","nativeName":"Русский"},"ja":{"name":"Japanese","code":"ja","nativeName":"日本語"},"fr":{"name":"French","code":"fr","nativeName":"Français"},"de":{"name":"German","code":"de","nativeName":"Deutsch"},"ko":{"name":"Korean","code":"ko","nativeName":"한국어"}}},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/[versionId]/[productId]/[...restPage]","query":{"versionId":"free-pro-team@latest","productId":"authentication","restPage":["managing-commit-signature-verification","about-commit-signature-verification"]},"buildId":"s6DUzkqIicbHKjzn5sSgX","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"gssp":true,"appGip":true,"locale":"en","locales":["en","zh","es","pt","ru","ja","fr","de","ko"],"defaultLocale":"en","scriptLoader":[]}</script></body></html>