Основните права в ЕС

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<span class="ep_mandatory"> <a class="ep_item" href="/about-parliament/bg/democracy-and-human-rights"> <span class="ep_hidden">Връщане към страница : Демокрацията и правата на човека</span> <span class="ep_name">Демокрацията и правата на човека</span> <span class="ep_icon"> </span> </a> <span class="ep_separator"></span> </span> <span class="ep_mandatory"> <span class="ep_item"> <span class="ep_hidden">Настояща страница:</span> <span class="ep_name">Основните права в ЕС</span> <span class="ep_icon"> </span> </span> </span> </div> <div class="ep_previouslink"> <a class="ep_item" href="/about-parliament/bg/democracy-and-human-rights"> <span class="ep_hidden">Връщане към страница : Демокрацията и правата на човека</span> <span class="ep_name">Демокрацията и правата на човека</span> <span class="ep_icon"> </span> </a> <span class="ep_separator"></span> </div> </nav> </div>  <article id="website-body" role="main"> <input type="hidden" id="webanalytic-id_chapters" 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data-view1020="8" data-view750="12" data-view640="8" data-view480="8" data-view320="4"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn-content"> <h1 class="ep-a_heading ep-layout_level1"> <div class="ep_title"> <div class="ep-p_text"><span class="ep_name" data-visibility480="" data-visibility320="" style="position: relative;" spellcheck="false">Защита на основните права в Съюза</span><span class="ep_icon"> </span></div> </div> </h1> </div> </div> <div class="ep_gridcolumn ep-m_product" data-view1200="8" data-view1020="8" data-view750="12" data-view640="8" data-view480="8" data-view320="4"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn-content"> <div class="ep-a_text" data-visibility480="" data-visibility320="" spellcheck="false"> <p>Европейският съюз е обединение на държави, които си сътрудничат в области от взаимен интерес, и общност, основана на ценности.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ep_gridrow"> <div class="ep_gridrow-content"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn" data-view1200="2" data-view1020="2" data-view750="0" data-view640="0" data-view480="0" data-view320="0"> </div> <div class="ep_gridcolumn" data-view1200="8" data-view1020="8" data-view750="12" data-view640="8" data-view480="8" data-view320="4"> <div class="ep_gridrow"> <div class="ep_gridrow-content"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn ep-m_product"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn-content"> <div class="ep-a_media"> <figure> <div class="ep_media ep-layout_image"> <div class="ep-p_image ep-layout_original"><a href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20180409PHT01207/20180409PHT01207_original.jpg" target="_blank"> <div class="ep_image"><img alt="illustration human rights - together" src="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20180409PHT01207/20180409PHT01207-cs.jpg"><span class="ep_small" style="background-image: url("http://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20180409PHT01207/20180409PHT01207-cs.jpg");"> </span><span class="ep_medium" style="background-image: url("http://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20180409PHT01207/20180409PHT01207-cm.jpg");"> </span><span class="ep_large" style="background-image: url("http://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20180409PHT01207/20180409PHT01207-cl.jpg");"> </span><span class="ep_icon"> </span></div> </a></div> </div> <figcaption class="ep_text"> <div class="ep-p_text ep-layout_legend"><span class="ep_name" data-visibility480="" data-visibility320="" style="position: relative;" spellcheck="false"><br data-mce-bogus="1"></span><span class="ep_icon"> </span></div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ep_gridrow"> <div class="ep_gridrow-content"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn ep-m_product" data-view1200="8" data-view1020="8" data-view750="12" data-view640="8" data-view480="8" data-view320="4"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn-content"> <div class="ep-a_text" data-visibility480="" data-visibility320="" spellcheck="false"> <p>Основните ценности, на които се основава Европейският съюз, са залегнали в член 2 от Договора за Европейския съюз. Това са:</p> <ul> <li>зачитане на човешкото достойнство,</li> <li>свобода,</li> <li>демокрация,</li> <li>равенство,</li> <li><a href="https://europarl.europa.eu/committees/bg/fundamental-rights/product-details/20160229CDT00541" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="ep_name">принципите на правовата държава</span><span class="ep_icon"></span></a> и</li> <li>зачитане на основните права, включително правата на лицата, които принадлежат към малцинства.</li> </ul> <p>Спазването на правата на хората е едно от основните задължения на ЕС. Тези права трябва да бъдат зачитани от ЕС при прилагането на политики и програми, от институциите на ЕС и от всяка държава членка.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ep_gridrow"> <div class="ep_gridrow-content"> <article class="ep_gridcolumn ep-m_video" id="eptv-video-51"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn-content"> <div class="ep-a_media ep-layout_video"> <figure><a class="ep_media ep-layout_image" title="Всички държави от ЕС споделят определени основни ценности, формиращи основата на свободното общество. ЕС защитава тези споделени ценности, за да гарантира приобщаване, толерантност, справедливост и солидарност." href="https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/what-are-eu-values_B01-ESN-210315_ev"> <div class="ep-p_text ep-layout_title"><span class="ep_name" data-visibility480="" data-visibility320="" style="position: relative;" spellcheck="false">Кои са ценностите на ЕС?</span><span class="ep_icon"> </span></div> <div class="ep-p_image ep-layout_thumb ep-layout_media"> <div class="ep_image"><img src="/news/img/mediasize_video.png" alt="" title=""><span class="ep_small" style="background-image: url("/resources/library/images/20210315PHT99931/20210315PHT99931-video_s.jpg");"> </span><span class="ep_medium" style="background-image: url("/resources/library/images/20210315PHT99931/20210315PHT99931-video_m.jpg");"> </span><span class="ep_large" style="background-image: url("/resources/library/images/20210315PHT99931/20210315PHT99931-video_l.jpg");"> </span><span class="ep_icon"> </span></div> </div> <div class="ep-p_text ep-layout_video"><span class="ep_name"><span class="ep_hidden">(duration:</span><time datetime="PT1M0S">1:00</time><span class="ep_hidden">)</span></span><span class="ep_icon"> </span></div> </a></figure> </div> </div> </article> <script type="text/javascript"> define("player-loader-51", ['video-player'], function(videoPlayer) { var state = { id: "eptv-video-51", embedUrl: "https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/bg/what-are-eu-values_B01-ESN-210315_ev?p_p_state=pop_up&lang=bg" } var player = videoPlayer.setInPlaceVideoClickHandler ? videoPlayer.setInPlaceVideoClickHandler : videoPlayer.initVideoPlayer player(state) }) </script> </div> </div> <div class="ep_gridrow"> <div class="ep_gridrow-content"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn ep_gridcolumn"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn-content"> <div class="ep_gridrow ep-o_productlist" data-layout1200="separation" data-layout1020="separation" data-layout750="separation" data-layout640="separation" data-layout480="separation" 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href="/about-parliament/bg/democracy-and-human-rights/fundamental-rights-in-the-eu/upholding-citizens-rights" class="ep_gridcolumn-content"> <div class="ep-a_heading ep-layout_level2"> <div class="ep_title"> <div class="ep-p_text"><span class="ep_name" data-visibility480="" data-visibility320="" style="position: relative;" spellcheck="false">Подкрепа за правата на гражданите</span><span class="ep_icon"> </span></div> </div> </div> </a></div> <div class="ep_gridcolumn ep_gridcolumn ep-m_product" data-view1200="12" data-view1020="12" data-view750="12" data-view640="8" data-view480="8" data-view320="4" data-layout1200="center" data-layout1020="center" data-layout750="center" data-layout640="center" data-layout480="center" data-layout320="center"><a href="/about-parliament/bg/democracy-and-human-rights/fundamental-rights-in-the-eu/promoting-equal-opportunities" class="ep_gridcolumn-content"> <div class="ep-a_heading ep-layout_level2"> <div class="ep_title"> <div class="ep-p_text"><span class="ep_name" data-visibility480="" data-visibility320="" style="position: relative;" spellcheck="false">Насърчаване на равни възможности</span><span class="ep_icon"> </span></div> </div> </div> </a></div> <div class="ep_gridcolumn ep_gridcolumn ep-m_product" data-view1200="12" data-view1020="12" data-view750="12" data-view640="8" data-view480="8" data-view320="4" data-layout1200="center" data-layout1020="center" data-layout750="center" data-layout640="center" data-layout480="center" data-layout320="center"><a href="/about-parliament/bg/democracy-and-human-rights/fundamental-rights-in-the-eu/adapting-to-the-digital-age" class="ep_gridcolumn-content"> <div class="ep-a_heading ep-layout_level2"> <div class="ep_title"> <div class="ep-p_text"><span class="ep_name" data-visibility480="" data-visibility320="" style="position: relative;" spellcheck="false">Приспособяване към цифровата ера</span><span class="ep_icon"> </span></div> </div> </div> </a></div> <div class="ep_gridcolumn ep_gridcolumn ep-m_product" data-view1200="12" data-view1020="12" data-view750="12" data-view640="8" data-view480="8" data-view320="4" data-layout1200="center" data-layout1020="center" data-layout750="center" data-layout640="center" data-layout480="center" data-layout320="center"><a href="/about-parliament/bg/democracy-and-human-rights/fundamental-rights-in-the-eu/ensuring-access-to-justice" class="ep_gridcolumn-content"> <div class="ep-a_heading ep-layout_level2"> <div class="ep_title"> <div class="ep-p_text"><span class="ep_name" data-visibility480="" data-visibility320="" style="position: relative;" spellcheck="false">Осигуряване на достъп до правосъдие</span><span class="ep_icon"> </span></div> </div> </div> </a></div> <div class="ep_gridcolumn ep_gridcolumn ep-m_product" data-view1200="12" data-view1020="12" data-view750="12" data-view640="8" data-view480="8" data-view320="4" data-layout1200="center" data-layout1020="center" data-layout750="center" data-layout640="center" data-layout480="center" data-layout320="center"><a href="/about-parliament/bg/democracy-and-human-rights/fundamental-rights-in-the-eu/guaranteeing-the-right-to-asylum" class="ep_gridcolumn-content"> <div class="ep-a_heading ep-layout_level2"> <div class="ep_title"> <div class="ep-p_text"><span class="ep_name" data-visibility480="" data-visibility320="" style="position: relative;" spellcheck="false">Гарантиране на правото на убежище</span><span class="ep_icon"> </span></div> </div> </div> </a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ep_gridrow"> <div class="ep_gridrow-content"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn ep-m_product" data-view1200="8" data-view1020="8" data-view750="12" data-view640="8" data-view480="8" data-view320="4"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn-content"> <div class="ep-a_text" data-visibility480="" data-visibility320="" spellcheck="false"> <p>В <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/BG/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT&from=BG" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="ep_name">Хартата на основните права на Европейския съюз</span><span class="ep_icon"></span></a> са посочени всички лични, граждански, политически, икономически и социални права, с които се ползват хората в Европейския съюз.</p> <p>Хартата допълва националните системи, а не ги заменя. Ако индивидуалните основни права не се спазват, националните съдилища трябва да се произнесат по въпроса. Физическите лица могат да се обърнат също към Европейския съд по правата на човека, който се произнася по нарушения на гражданските и политическите права, установени в Европейската конвенция за защита на правата на човека и основните свободи. В специфични случаи, когато държава членка не спазва правото на ЕС и нарушава нечии права, Европейската комисия също може да заведе дело срещу нея пред Съда на Европейския съюз.</p> <p><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/bg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="ep_name">Агенцията на Европейския съюз за основните права</span><span class="ep_icon"></span></a> е независим орган на ЕС, специализиран в тази област, с мандат, който включва пълния обхват на правата, заложени в Хартата.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ep_gridrow"> <div class="ep_gridrow-content"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn ep-m_product" data-view1200="8" data-view1020="8" data-view750="12" data-view640="8" data-view480="8" data-view320="4"> <div class="ep_gridcolumn-content"> <div class="ep-a_heading ep-layout_level3"> <h3 class="ep_title"> <div class="ep-p_text"><span class="ep_name" data-visibility480="" data-visibility320="" style="position: relative;" spellcheck="false"><strong>Роля на Европейския парламент</strong></span></div> </h3> </div> <div class="ep-a_text" data-visibility480="" data-visibility320="" spellcheck="false"> <p>Европейският парламент е ангажиран в пълна степен със спазването на основните права в рамките на Съюза.</p> <p>Като последваща дейност на работата на <a href="../../../../../../../../../../committees/bg/libe/home.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="ep_name">комисията по граждански свободи, правосъдие и вътрешни работи</span><span class="ep_icon"></span></a>, членовете на ЕП обсъждат и приемат резолюции по време на пленарните сесии на Европейския парламент относно <a href="https://europarl.europa.eu/committees/bg/fundamental-rights/product-details/20160229CDT00541" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="ep_name">положението с основните права в ЕС</span><span class="ep_icon"></span></a> и относно специфични въпроси, отнасящи се до защитата на тези права в държавите членки.</p> <p>Заедно със Съвета на ЕС, Европейският парламент приема законодателство с оглед по-добре да се защитават основните права.</p> <p>Добър пример за това законодателство е съвкупността от закони, които Европейският парламент е приел за забрана на дискриминацията и за да се гарантира, че хората се третират еднакво на работното място.</p> <p>Друго важно постижение е защитата на неприкосновеността на личния живот и гарантирането на това, че обработването на личните данни се извършва при пълно зачитане на законодателството на Съюза, прието с цел защита на това основно право. </p> <p>Държавите членки трябва да прилагат тези закони на национално равнище.</p> <p>През последните години Европейският парламент също така се ангажира повече в областта на принципите на правовата държава и демокрацията. През 2016 г. 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