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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krieg_der_Bruce_in_Irland" title="Krieg der Bruce in Irland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krieg der Bruce in Irland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerras_Bruce_de_Irlanda" title="Guerras Bruce de Irlanda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerras Bruce de Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campagne_d%27%C3%89douard_Bruce_en_Irlande" title="Campagne d'Édouard Bruce en Irlande – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Campagne d'Édouard Bruce en Irlande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campagna_militare_di_Roberto_I_di_Scozia_in_Irlanda" title="Campagna militare di Roberto I di Scozia in Irlanda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Campagna militare di Roberto I di Scozia in Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanha_de_Bruce_na_Irlanda" title="Campanha de Bruce na Irlanda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Campanha de Bruce na Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" 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.desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Bruce campaign in Ireland</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/First_War_of_Scottish_Independence" title="First War of Scottish Independence">First War of Scottish Independence</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lordship_of_Ireland,_1300.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lordship_of_Ireland%2C_1300.png/220px-Lordship_of_Ireland%2C_1300.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lordship_of_Ireland%2C_1300.png/330px-Lordship_of_Ireland%2C_1300.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Lordship_of_Ireland%2C_1300.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="546" /></a></span><br />The Lordship of Ireland (pink) c. 1300</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>26 May 1315 – 14 October 1318<br />(3 years, 4 months and 18 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Ireland</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Victory for the English and their Irish allies</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/20px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/30px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/40px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="599" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Irish kingdoms</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADr_Eoghain" title="Tír Eoghain">Tír Eoghain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADr_Chonaill" class="mw-redirect" title="Tír Chonaill">Tír Chonaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airg%C3%ADalla" title="Airgíalla">Airgíalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Breifne" title="West Breifne">West Breifne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Connacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Connacht">Connacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thomond" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Thomond">Thomond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Desmond" title="Kingdom of Desmond">Desmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Uí Maine">Uí Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethba" class="mw-redirect" title="Tethba">Tethba</a><sup id="cite_ref-Annála_Connacht_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annála_Connacht-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/20px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/30px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/40px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a><br /> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Lordship_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Lordship_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Lordship_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Lordship_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Lordship_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Lordship_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Lordship_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Edward_Bruce,_High-King_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Arms_of_Edward_Bruce%2C_High-King_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Arms_of_Edward_Bruce%2C_High-King_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Arms_of_Edward_Bruce%2C_High-King_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Arms_of_Edward_Bruce%2C_High-King_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Arms_of_Edward_Bruce%2C_High-King_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Arms_of_Edward_Bruce%2C_High-King_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bruce" title="Edward Bruce">Edward Bruce</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:O%27Conor.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/O%27Conor.png/20px-O%27Conor.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/O%27Conor.png/30px-O%27Conor.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/O%27Conor.png/40px-O%27Conor.png 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="599" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Felim_McHugh_O%27Connor" title="Felim McHugh O'Connor">Fedlim Ó Conchobair</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:O%27Kelly.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/O%27Kelly.png/20px-O%27Kelly.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/O%27Kelly.png/30px-O%27Kelly.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/O%27Kelly.png/40px-O%27Kelly.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tadhg_%C3%93_Cellaigh" title="Tadhg Ó Cellaigh">Tadhg Ó Cellaigh</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sword_of_Nuada.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sword_of_Nuada.png/20px-Sword_of_Nuada.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sword_of_Nuada.png/30px-Sword_of_Nuada.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sword_of_Nuada.png/40px-Sword_of_Nuada.png 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="599" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Thomond#O'Brien_Clan,_claimants" title="List of monarchs of Thomond">Donnchad Ó Briain</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:O%27Rourke_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/O%27Rourke_Arms.svg/20px-O%27Rourke_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/O%27Rourke_Arms.svg/30px-O%27Rourke_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/O%27Rourke_Arms.svg/40px-O%27Rourke_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/West_Breifne#Kings_(Lords)_of_Breifne_O'Rourke" title="West Breifne">Ualgharg O'Ruairc</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_House_of_de_Burgh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Arms_of_the_House_of_de_Burgh.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_House_of_de_Burgh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Arms_of_the_House_of_de_Burgh.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_House_of_de_Burgh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Arms_of_the_House_of_de_Burgh.svg/40px-Arms_of_the_House_of_de_Burgh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_%C3%93g_de_Burgh,_2nd_Earl_of_Ulster" title="Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster">Richard Óg de Burgh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Thomas_de_Mandeville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir Thomas de Mandeville (page does not exist)">Sir Thomas de Mandeville</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_House_of_Mortimer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_House_of_Mortimer.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Mortimer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_House_of_Mortimer.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Mortimer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arms_of_the_House_of_Mortimer.svg/40px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Mortimer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Mortimer,_1st_Earl_of_March" title="Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March">Roger Mortimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Bermingham,_1st_Earl_of_Louth" title="John de Bermingham, 1st Earl of Louth">John de Bermingham</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Butler_arms_(Earl_of_Carrick).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Butler_arms_%28Earl_of_Carrick%29.svg/20px-Butler_arms_%28Earl_of_Carrick%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Butler_arms_%28Earl_of_Carrick%29.svg/30px-Butler_arms_%28Earl_of_Carrick%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Butler_arms_%28Earl_of_Carrick%29.svg/40px-Butler_arms_%28Earl_of_Carrick%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="563" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Butler,_Earl_of_Carrick" title="Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick">Edmund Butler</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_fam_fr_Geraldin2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Blason_fam_fr_Geraldin2.svg/20px-Blason_fam_fr_Geraldin2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Blason_fam_fr_Geraldin2.svg/30px-Blason_fam_fr_Geraldin2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Blason_fam_fr_Geraldin2.svg/40px-Blason_fam_fr_Geraldin2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_FitzGerald,_1st_Earl_of_Desmond" title="Maurice FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond">Maurice FitzGerald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <ul><li>c. 6,000 men (Scotland)</li> <li>c. 3,000 men (Connacht)</li> <li>c. 1,400 men (Breifne)<sup id="cite_ref-Annála_Connacht_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annála_Connacht-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>300 Ships (Scotland)<sup id="cite_ref-Annála_Connacht_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annála_Connacht-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> c. 20,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> unknown</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_First_War_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Template:Campaignbox First War of Scottish Independence"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_First_War_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Template talk:Campaignbox First War of Scottish Independence"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_First_War_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox First War of Scottish Independence"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Warof_Scottish_Independence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/First_War_of_Scottish_Independence" title="First War of Scottish Independence">First War<br />of Scottish Independence</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1296</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Berwick_(1296)" title="Sack of Berwick (1296)">1st Berwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dunbar_(1296)" title="Battle of Dunbar (1296)">Dunbar</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1297–1304</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_at_Lanark" title="Action at Lanark">Lanark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Scone" title="Raid on Scone">Scone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stirling_Bridge" title="Battle of Stirling Bridge">Stirling Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Falkirk" title="Battle of Falkirk">Falkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roslin" title="Battle of Roslin">Roslin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Happrew" title="Battle of Happrew">Happrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieges_of_Stirling_Castle" title="Sieges of Stirling Castle">Stirling Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_at_Earnside" title="Action at Earnside">Earnside</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1306–1314</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Methven" title="Battle of Methven">Methven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dalrigh" title="Battle of Dalrigh">Dalrigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loch_Ryan" title="Battle of Loch Ryan">Loch Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turnberry" title="Battle of Turnberry">Turnberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glen_Trool" title="Battle of Glen Trool">Glen Trool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loudoun_Hill" title="Battle of Loudoun Hill">Loudoun Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slioch" title="Battle of Slioch">Slioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inverurie_(1308)" title="Battle of Inverurie (1308)">Inverurie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrying_of_Buchan" title="Harrying of Buchan">Buchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_River_Dee" title="Battle of the River Dee">River Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pass_of_Brander" title="Battle of the Pass of Brander">Pass of Brander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Roxburgh_(1314)" title="Capture of Roxburgh (1314)">Roxburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bannockburn" title="Battle of Bannockburn">Bannockburn</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Ireland (1315–1318)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Invasion of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moiry_Pass" title="Battle of Moiry Pass">Moiry Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Connor" title="Battle of Connor">Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kells" title="Battle of Kells">Kells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Skerries" title="Battle of Skerries">Skerries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Faughart" title="Battle of Faughart">Faughart</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>1315–1327</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carlisle_(1315)" title="Siege of Carlisle (1315)">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Skaithmuir" title="Battle of Skaithmuir">Skaithmuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Berwick_(1318)" title="Siege of Berwick (1318)">2nd Berwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Myton" title="Battle of Myton">Myton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Raid_of_1322" title="Great Raid of 1322">Great Raid of 1322</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Old_Byland" title="Battle of Old Byland">Old Byland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weardale_campaign" title="Weardale campaign">Weardale</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Treaties</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auld_Alliance" title="Auld Alliance">Auld Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Corbeil_(1326)" title="Treaty of Corbeil (1326)">Corbeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Edinburgh%E2%80%93Northampton" title="Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton">Edinburgh–Northampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Bruce campaign</b> was a three-year military campaign in Ireland by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bruce" title="Edward Bruce">Edward Bruce</a>, brother of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scottish</a> king <a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce" title="Robert the Bruce">Robert the Bruce</a>. It lasted from his landing at <a href="/wiki/Larne" title="Larne">Larne</a> in 1315 to his defeat and death in 1318 at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Faughart" title="Battle of Faughart">Battle of Faughart</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Louth" title="County Louth">County Louth</a>. It was part of the <a href="/wiki/First_War_of_Scottish_Independence" title="First War of Scottish Independence">First War of Scottish Independence</a> against <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>, and the conflict between the Irish and <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Anglo-Normans</a>. </p><p>After his victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bannockburn" title="Battle of Bannockburn">Battle of Bannockburn</a>, Robert the Bruce decided to expand his war against the English by sending an army under his younger brother Edward to invade Ireland. Some <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">native Irish</a> leaders also asked him to send an army to help drive the Anglo-Normans out of Ireland, offering to crown his brother <a href="/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland" title="High King of Ireland">High King of Ireland</a> in return. Another reason for the expedition was that supporters of the exiled <a href="/wiki/House_of_Balliol" title="House of Balliol">House of Balliol</a>, rival <a href="/wiki/Competitors_for_the_Crown_of_Scotland" title="Competitors for the Crown of Scotland">competitors for the Crown of Scotland</a>, had fled to Ireland. </p><p>The campaign effectively ended with Edward's defeat and death in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Faughart" title="Battle of Faughart">Battle of Faughart</a> in 1318. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_background">Historical background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the early 14th century, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> had not had a <a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Kings_of_Ireland" title="List of High Kings of Ireland">high king</a> since <a href="/wiki/Ruaidri_mac_Tairrdelbach_Ua_Conchobair" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruaidri mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair">Ruaidri mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair</a> (Rory O'Conor) who had been deposed by his son in 1186. Further, the <a href="/wiki/Plantagenet_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantagenet dynasty">Plantagenet dynasty</a> had claimed a right to take control of Ireland by the papal document <i><a href="/wiki/Laudabiliter" title="Laudabiliter">Laudabiliter</a></i> in 1155 and indirectly ruled much of the eastern part of the island. The country was divided between the <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic</a> dynasties that survived the Norman invasion and the <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Norman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiberno-Norman">Hiberno-Norman</a> <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shama_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shama-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1258 some of the Gaelic aristocrats elected <a href="/wiki/Brian_Ua_N%C3%A9ill" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Ua Néill">Brian Ua Néill</a> high king; however, he was defeated by the Normans at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Down" title="Battle of Down">Battle of Downpatrick</a> in 1260. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invasion_of_Ireland">Invasion of Ireland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Invasion of Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1315 <a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce" title="Robert the Bruce">Robert the Bruce</a>, King of Scots, sent his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bruce" title="Edward Bruce">Edward Bruce</a> to invade Ireland. There have been several theories as to the motives behind Bruce's campaign in Ireland. One theory proposed for the invasion of Ireland was to drain England of men, materials and finance and even to exploit the resources in Ireland for Scotland's benefit, a second front in the <a href="/wiki/First_Scottish_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="First Scottish War of Independence">ongoing war</a>, as England relied heavily on Ireland for resources<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shama_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shama-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and deprive the English of Irish tax revenues contributing to the war effort. This became critical when King Robert's control of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> was lost to Norman-backed Scots in January 1315, opening a threat to the south and southwest of Scotland, and also reopening up a potential source of aid to England from the <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Normans" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiberno-Normans">Hiberno-Normans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gael" class="mw-redirect" title="Gael">Gaelic</a> Irish. </p><p>Added to this was a request for aid from the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_T%C3%ADr_E%C3%B3gain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Tír Eógain">King of Tír Eógain</a> (Tyrone), Domnall mac Brian Ó Néill (Donall Ó Néill). Ó Néill had been troubled by Norman incursions to the southeast (the de Verdons), the east (tenants of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Ulster" title="Earl of Ulster">Earl of Ulster</a>) and west (also by the Earl of Ulster) of Tír Eógain and to retain his lands, he and some twelve of his vassals and allies jointly asked for aid from Scotland. The Bruce brothers agreed, on condition that Edward would be supported as King of Ireland. The brothers envisaged themselves as separate rulers of Scotland and Ireland. Robert would regain Man and Edward possibly make an attack on Wales, with Welsh support. Their vision included "a grand Gaelic alliance against England"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> between Scotland and Ireland, both countries having a common heritage, language and culture. </p><p>When Ó Néill approved of conditions for himself and on behalf of his vassals, preparations began. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Mortimer,_1st_Earl_of_March" title="Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March">Roger Mortimer, 3rd Baron Mortimer</a>, received news from Irish sources around this time that an invasion was about to take place, and made his way to Ireland, where he held land mainly in and around the castle and town of <a href="/wiki/Trim,_County_Meath" title="Trim, County Meath">Trim</a>. He had previously fought against the Bruces at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bannockburn" title="Battle of Bannockburn">Bannockburn</a> where he was taken prisoner and freed to return King <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II</a>'s royal seal, lost in the rout. </p><p>The Scottish Parliament met at <a href="/wiki/Ayr" title="Ayr">Ayr</a> on 26 April 1315, just across the <a href="/wiki/North_Channel_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)" title="North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)">North Channel</a> from <a href="/wiki/County_Antrim" title="County Antrim">Antrim</a>. As King Robert did not yet have a legitimate son, Edward was proclaimed his legal heir and successor as King of Scots and all other titles in case of his death. Edward's invasion fleet also mustered there, having received calls to assemble as far back as at least the previous month. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign_of_1315">Campaign of 1315</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Campaign of 1315"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 26 May 1315 Edward and his fleet (and more than 5,000 men) landed on the Irish coast at points at and between <a href="/wiki/Olderfleet_Castle" title="Olderfleet Castle">Olderfleet Castle</a> at <a href="/wiki/Larne" title="Larne">Larne</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Joyce_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joyce-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Glendrum. His brother had sailed from <a href="/wiki/Tarbert,_Kintyre" title="Tarbert, Kintyre">Tarbert</a> for the Western Isles with his son-in-law Walter Stewart, to subjugate them till <i>"all the isles, great and small, were brought to his will."</i> Edward faced by an army led by vassals and confederates of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Ulster" title="Earl of Ulster">Earl of Ulster</a>, the de Mandevilles, <a href="/wiki/Bissets_of_the_Glens" class="mw-redirect" title="Bissets of the Glens">Bissets of the Glens</a>, Logans, and <a href="/wiki/Savage_family_(Ireland)" title="Savage family (Ireland)">Savages</a>, as well as their Irish allies, overall led by Sir Thomas de Mandeville. However they were defeated in battle by the Scots under <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Randolph,_1st_Earl_of_Moray" title="Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray">Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray</a>. Subsequently, the Scots managed to take the town, though not the castle, of <a href="/wiki/Carrickfergus" title="Carrickfergus">Carrickfergus</a>. </p><p>In early June, Donall <a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_dynasty" title="O'Neill dynasty">Ó Néill of Tyrone</a> and some twelve fellow northern Kings and lords met Edward Bruce<sup id="cite_ref-Joyce_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joyce-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at Carrickfergus and swore fealty to him as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Ireland">King of Ireland</a>. The Irish annals state that Bruce "<i>took the hostages and lordship of the whole province of Ulster without opposition and they consented to him being proclaimed King of Ireland and all the Gaels of Ireland agreed to grant him lordship and they called him King of Ireland."</i> At this point Bruce directly or indirectly ruled much of eastern and mid-Ulster. </p><p>In late June, Edward proceeded with his army from Carrickfergus along Magh Line (<a href="/wiki/Six_Mile_Water" title="Six Mile Water">Six Mile Water</a>), burning Rathmore, near <a href="/wiki/Antrim,_County_Antrim" title="Antrim, County Antrim">Antrim town</a>, which was a holding of the Savages. He then went south by way of the Moiry Pass – called <i>"Innermallan"/"Enderwillane"/Imberdiolan"</i> in contemporary accounts – between <a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dundalk" title="Dundalk">Dundalk</a>. This ancient routeway had been for centuries the passage south out of Ulster into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mide" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mide">Kingdom of Mide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a> but because of its narrowness Ulster armies had frequently ambushed and been ambushed at the pass. Here he was met by Mac Duilechain of Clanbrassil and Mac Artain of Iveagh, both of whom had submitted to him at Carrickfergus. Their attempted ambush ended in their defeat and the army pressed on, destroying de Verdon's fortress of Castleroache, and on 29 June attacked <a href="/wiki/Dundalk" title="Dundalk">Dundalk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Joyce_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joyce-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town, another possession of the de Verdon's, was almost totally destroyed with its population, both Anglo-Irish and Gaelic, massacred alike. </p><p>In July, two separate armies opposing Bruce met and assembled at Sliabh Breagh, south of <a href="/wiki/Ardee" title="Ardee">Ardee</a>. One was led out of <a href="/wiki/Connacht" title="Connacht">Connacht</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_%C3%93g_de_Burgh,_2nd_Earl_of_Ulster" title="Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster">Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster</a> and his ally, the King of Connacht, <a href="/wiki/Felim_McHugh_O%27Connor" title="Felim McHugh O'Connor">Felim mac Aedh Ua Conchobair</a>. The second consisted of forces raised in <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> by the Justicier <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Butler,_Earl_of_Carrick" title="Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick">Edmund Butler</a>. The Scots-Irish army was located at Inniskeen, ten miles north. In between Sliabh Breagh and Inniskeen was the village of Louth. De Burgh moved his army north of Louth and set up camp while his cousin, William Liath de Burgh attempted to ambush Bruce's forces. While some skirmishing did result in a number of Scots deaths, Bruce refused to give battle and instead, with the Ó Néill, retreated northwards to <a href="/wiki/Coleraine" title="Coleraine">Coleraine</a> via <a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a>. Bruce and Ó Néill sacked and burned Coleraine, threw down the bridge over the river Bann and faced off de Burgh's pursuing army on the opposite bank. While both sides now were experiencing shortages of food and supplies, Bruce and Ó Néill could at least draw support from local lords such as Ó Cathain and Ó Floinn. Mindful of this, de Burgh eventually withdrew back forty miles to Antrim, while Butler had to return to Ormond due to lack of supplies. </p><p>In addition to this, Bruce sent separate messages both to King Felim and a rival dynast, Cathal Ua Conchobair, promising to support them if they withdrew. Cathal managed to return to Connacht and had himself proclaimed king, leaving Felim with no choice but to return to put down his rebellion. Worse followed: De Burgh found himself deprived of not two but three allies and their armies when his kinsman, Walter mac Walter Cattach Burke deserted back to Connacht at the head of several hundred men, probably to guard his own estates from the upcoming conflict. Thus, when in August, Bruce and his men crossed the Bann (in four ships supplied by Scots sea captain, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Dun (page does not exist)">Thomas Dun</a>), de Burgh retreated still further to <a href="/wiki/Connor,_County_Antrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Connor, County Antrim">Connor</a>, where on either the first or ninth of September a charge by the Scots-Irish led to his defeat. William Liath was captured and taken as hostage to Scotland by Moray who arrived there on 15 September 1315 to raise more troops, <i>"his ships filled with booty."</i> De Burgh retreated back to Connacht, while other Anglo-Irish took refuge in <a href="/wiki/Carrickfergus_Castle" title="Carrickfergus Castle">Carrickfergus Castle</a>. </p><p>Finally apprised of the seriousness of the situation, Edward II had on 1 September ordered an assembly of the leading Anglo-Irish, which met at <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ireland" title="Parliament of Ireland">Parliament</a> in Dublin in late October, but no decisive action was taken. On 13 November, Bruce marched further south via Dundalk – where, incredibly, <i>"some gave them the right hand"</i>, i.e., a fight – garrisoned Nobber on the 30th, and advanced to Kells, where he was met by Mortimer. Mortimer had managed to raise a large force consisting both of his Anglo-Irish and Gaelic vassals, in addition to forces of other magnates. At the same time, Bruce was reinforced by Moray who had returned from Scotland with around five hundred fresh troops and supplies. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kells" title="Battle of Kells">Battle of Kells</a> was fought on the sixth or seventh of November, with Mortimer being decisively defeated by Bruce. Mortimer was forced to retreat to Dublin while his lieutenant, Walter Cusack, held out at Trim. He almost immediately set sail for England to urge Edward II for reinforcements. At the same time, Governor of Ireland (and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Ely" title="Bishop of Ely">Bishop of Ely</a>) <a href="/wiki/John_Hotham_(bishop)" title="John Hotham (bishop)">John de Hothum</a> began to take drastic action to defend Dublin from Bruce, such as levelling entire tenements and churches to use the stones to reinforce their walls.<sup id="cite_ref-Shama_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shama-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After sacking and burning Kells, Bruce proceeded to do the same to <a href="/wiki/Granard" title="Granard">Granard</a>, Finnea, the <a href="/wiki/Cistercian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercian">Cistercian</a> monastery of <a href="/wiki/Abbeylara" title="Abbeylara">Abbeylara</a> and raided <a href="/wiki/Angaile" class="mw-redirect" title="Angaile">Angaile</a> (Annaly), the lordship of Gaelic lord O Hanely. Bruce spent Christmas at de Verdon's manor of <a href="/wiki/Ballymore,_County_Westmeath" title="Ballymore, County Westmeath">Loughsewdy</a>, consuming its supplies entirely and before leaving, razing it to the ground. The only manors left alone belonged to Irish lords intimidated to join him, or that of a junior branch of the de Lacy family who in an effort to gain lands voluntarily joined him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Remonstrance_of_1317">Remonstrance of 1317</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Remonstrance of 1317"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Remonstrance"></span> In 1317, <a href="/wiki/Donnell_O%27Neill_(d._1325)" title="Donnell O'Neill (d. 1325)">Domhnall Ó Néill</a>, the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Tyrone" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Tyrone">King of Tyrone</a>, with the support of Edward's Irish allies sent a remonstrance to <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXII" title="Pope John XXII">Pope John XXII</a> asking him to revoke <i><a href="/wiki/Laudabiliter" title="Laudabiliter">Laudabiliter</a></i> and mentioning Edward as King of Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-cain_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cain-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-corpus_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corpus-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pope John ignored the request. </p> <dl><dd>"And that we may be able to attain our purpose more speedily and fitly in this respect, we call to our help and assistance Edward de Bruyis, illustrious earl of Carrick, brother of Robert by the grace of God most illustrious king of the Scots, who is sprung from our noblest ancestors.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>"And as it is free to anyone to renounce his right and transfer it to another, all the right which is publicly known to pertain to us in the said kingdom as its true heirs, we have given and granted to him by our letters patent, and in order that he may do therein judgment and justice and equity which through default of the prince [i.e. <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a>] have utterly failed therein, we have unanimously established and set him [Edward Bruce] up as our king and lord in our kingdom aforesaid, for in our judgment and the common judgment of men he is pious and prudent, humble and chaste, exceedingly temperate, in all things sedate and moderate, and possessing power (God on high be praised) to snatch us mightily from the house of bondage with the help of God and our own justice, and very willing to render to everyone what is due to him of right, and above all is ready to restore entirely to the Church in Ireland the possessions and liberties of which she was damnably despoiled, and he intends to grant greater liberties than ever otherwise she has been wont to have".</dd></dl> <p>Similarities exist between the 1317 Remonstrance and the 1320 <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Arbroath" title="Declaration of Arbroath">Declaration of Arbroath</a> have long been evident. The Declaration of Arbroath was likewise sent to Pope John XXII complaining of mistreatment at English hands. Historian Sean Duffy argues that the author of the Declaration relied heavily on the text of the Remonstrance.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defeat_in_1318">Defeat in 1318</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Defeat in 1318"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After several years of mobile warfare, Bruce and his allies failed to hold areas that they had conquered. His army fed itself by <a href="/wiki/War_loot" class="mw-redirect" title="War loot">pillaging</a>, which caused increasing unpopularity. The pan-European <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_1315%E2%80%931317" title="Great Famine of 1315–1317">Great Famine of 1315–1317</a> affected Ireland also, and disease became widespread in his army, causing it to shrink, and he was defeated and killed at the end of 1318 at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Faughart" title="Battle of Faughart">Battle of Faughart</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Louth" title="County Louth">County Louth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representation_in_fiction">Representation in fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Representation in fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This campaign has sometimes been dealt with briefly or not at all in accounts of the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Wars of Scottish Independence">Wars of Scottish Independence</a>, but there are a few exceptions. </p><p>The campaign is described in books 14 to 16 of <a href="/wiki/John_Barbour_(poet)" title="John Barbour (poet)">John Barbour's</a>, 1375–77, epic poem <i><a href="/wiki/The_Brus" title="The Brus">The Brus</a></i>, for his principle patron, <a href="/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland" title="Robert II of Scotland">Robert II of Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Tranter" title="Nigel Tranter">Nigel Tranter</a>'s novel <i>The Price of the King's Peace</i>, the third part of his <a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce" title="Robert the Bruce">Robert the Bruce</a> trilogy, the campaign, and particularly Robert's visit to Ireland to support his brother, are described at significant length. Edward Bruce is shown as out of his depth during his invasion of Ireland; there may be some truth in this, although the novel could exaggerate his lack of competence and the differences between the two brothers. </p><p>The invasion of 1315 also forms the backdrop of a series of novels by Tim Hodkinson, <i>Lions of the Grail</i> and <i>The Waste Land</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland</i>, GWS Barrow, 1976. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85224-307-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85224-307-7">978-0-85224-307-7</a>.</li> <li><i>Annals of Ireland 1162–1370</i> in <i>Britannia</i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Camden" title="William Camden">William Camden</a>; ed. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Gough_(antiquarian)" title="Richard Gough (antiquarian)">Richard Gough</a>, London, 1789.</li> <li><i>Robert the Bruce's Irish Wars: The Invasions of Ireland 1306–1329</i>, Sean Duffy, 2004.</li> <li><i>The Greatest Traitor: The Life of Sir Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March</i>, Ian Mortimer, 2004.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Annála_Connacht-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Annála_Connacht_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annála_Connacht_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annála_Connacht_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100011.html">"Annála Connacht"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ann%C3%A1la+Connacht&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcelt.ucc.ie%2Fpublished%2FT100011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruce+campaign+in+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shama-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shama_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shama_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shama_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/ireland_invasion_01.shtml">Shama, Simon, "Invasions of Ireland from 1170–1320", BBC – History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyireland.com/medieval-history-pre-1500/the-bruce-invasions-of-ireland-11/">"History Ireland"</a>. History Ireland. 31 May 1916<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+Ireland&rft.pub=History+Ireland&rft.date=1916-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2Fmedieval-history-pre-1500%2Fthe-bruce-invasions-of-ireland-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruce+campaign+in+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joyce-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Joyce_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joyce_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joyce_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libraryireland.com/JoyceHistory/Bruce.php">Joyce, P.W., "Edward Bruce (1315–1318)", <i>A Concise History of Ireland</i>, Dublin, 1909</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cain-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cain_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch1169-1799.htm">"Chronology of Key Events in Irish History, 1169 to 1799"</a>. CAIN Web Service.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+Key+Events+in+Irish+History%2C+1169+to+1799&rft.pub=CAIN+Web+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcain.ulster.ac.uk%2Fothelem%2Fchron%2Fch1169-1799.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruce+campaign+in+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 23 March 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-corpus-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-corpus_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T310000-001.html">"Remonstrance of the Irish Chiefs to Pope John XXII"</a>. Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remonstrance+of+the+Irish+Chiefs+to+Pope+John+XXII&rft.pub=Corpus+of+Electronic+Texts+Edition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcelt.ucc.ie%2Fpublished%2FT310000-001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruce+campaign+in+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 23 March 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2022" class="citation journal cs1">Duffy, Seán (13 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/shr.2022.0576">"The Irish Remonstrance: Prototype for the Declaration of Arbroath"</a>. <i>Scottish Historical Review</i>. <b>101</b> (3): 395–428. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fshr.2022.0576">10.3366/shr.2022.0576</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254676295">254676295</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scottish+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Irish+Remonstrance%3A+Prototype+for+the+Declaration+of+Arbroath&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=395-428&rft.date=2022-12-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fshr.2022.0576&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A254676295%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Se%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euppublishing.com%2Fdoi%2F10.3366%2Fshr.2022.0576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruce+campaign+in+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbour1856" class="citation book cs1">Barbour, John (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/brusorbookmoste00barbgoog"><i>The Brus; from a collation of the Cambridge and Edinburgh manuscripts</i></a>. New York Public Library. Aberdeen, Spalding club.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Brus%3B+from+a+collation+of+the+Cambridge+and+Edinburgh+manuscripts&rft.pub=Aberdeen%2C+Spalding+club&rft.date=1856&rft.aulast=Barbour&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrusorbookmoste00barbgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruce+campaign+in+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100001B/index.html">The Annals of Ulster (UCC.ie / celt) </a></li></ul> <div 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Irish_history" title="Timeline of Irish history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Ireland" title="Prehistoric Ireland">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protohistory_of_Ireland" title="Protohistory of Ireland">Protohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(400%E2%80%93800)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (400–800)">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(800%E2%80%931169)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (800–1169)">800–1169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1169%E2%80%931536)" title="History of Ireland (1169–1536)">1169–1536</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1536%E2%80%931691)" title="History of Ireland (1536–1691)">1536–1691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1691%E2%80%931800)" title="History of Ireland (1691–1800)">1691–1800</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1801%E2%80%931923)" title="History of Ireland (1801–1923)">1801–1923</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republic" title="Irish Republic">Irish Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ireland_(1921%E2%80%931922)" title="Southern Ireland (1921–1922)">Southern Ireland (1921–1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (1921–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">since 1922</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State (1922–1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="History of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland (since 1922)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(Ireland)" title="Battle of Tara (Ireland)">Battles of Tara</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glenmama" title="Battle of Glenmama">Glenmama</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Clontarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_invasion_of_Ireland" title="Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland">Norman invasion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bruce campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Tudor conquest of Ireland">Tudor conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Rebellions" title="Desmond Rebellions">Desmond Rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada_in_Ireland" title="Spanish Armada in Ireland">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Tyrone's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Earls" title="Flight of the Earls">Flight of the Earls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">1641 Rebellion</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irish_Confederate_Wars" title="Irish Confederate Wars">Confederate War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652" title="Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652">Settlement of 1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_laws_(Ireland)" title="Penal laws (Ireland)">Penal Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Famine_(1740%E2%80%931741)" title="Irish Famine (1740–1741)">First Great Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">1798 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Act of Union (1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebellion_of_1803" title="Irish rebellion of 1803">1803 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithe_War" title="Tithe War">Tithe War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Second Great Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_War" title="Land War">Land War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Rising" title="Fenian Rising">Fenian Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_lock-out" title="Dublin lock-out">Dublin lock-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1914" title="Government of Ireland Act 1914">Home Rule crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(Ireland)" title="The Emergency (Ireland)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Northern campaign (Irish Republican Army)">IRA Northern Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Border campaign (Irish Republican Army)">IRA Border Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economy of the Republic of Ireland">Economy of the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Tiger" title="Celtic Tiger">Celtic Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_economic_downturn" title="Post-2008 Irish economic downturn">Post-2008 Irish economic downturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_banking_crisis" title="Post-2008 Irish banking crisis">Post-2008 Irish banking crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Ireland" title="List of conflicts in Ireland">List of conflicts in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes#Goidels_/_Gaels_/_Hibernians" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">List of Irish tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_kingdoms" title="List of Irish kingdoms">List of Irish kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Kings_of_Ireland" title="List of High Kings of Ireland">List of High Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland#Dress" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic clothing and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland">List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ireland" title="Geography of Ireland">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Ireland" title="Climate of Ireland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Climate change in the Republic of Ireland">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_landforms_of_Ireland" title="Coastal landforms of Ireland">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Ireland" title="Extreme points of Ireland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Ireland" title="Fauna of Ireland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ireland" title="List of islands of Ireland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_loughs_of_Ireland" title="List of loughs of Ireland">Loughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_in_Ireland" title="Lists of mountains in Ireland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Rivers of Ireland">Rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ireland" title="List of rivers of Ireland">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland">List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom#National_parks_in_Northern_Ireland" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">in Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ireland" title="Architecture of Ireland">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_in_Ireland" title="List of buildings in Ireland">Notable buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Ireland" title="List of tallest structures in Ireland">Tallest buildings and structures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Ireland" title="City status in Ireland">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland" title="Counties of Ireland">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Demographics of the Republic of Ireland">Demographics of the Republic of Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Demographics of Northern Ireland">of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Ireland" title="List of ports in Ireland">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_border" title="Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border">ROI–UK border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_towns_in_Ireland" title="Lists of towns in Ireland">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Tourism in the Republic of Ireland">Tourism in the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Ireland" title="List of tourist attractions in Ireland">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ireland" title="Transport in Ireland">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_loyalism" title="Ulster loyalism">Ulster loyalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economy of the Republic of Ireland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Education in the Republic of Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ireland" title="Foreign relations of Ireland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Law of the Republic of Ireland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Republic of Ireland">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas"><i>Oireachtas</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">parliament</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann"><i>Dáil Éireann</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(lower house)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann"><i>Seanad Éireann</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(upper house)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Taxation in the Republic of Ireland">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Education in Northern Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Northern_Ireland" title="LGBT rights in Northern Ireland">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_dishes" title="List of Irish dishes">List of dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barmbrack" title="Barmbrack">Barmbrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon_and_cabbage" title="Bacon and cabbage">Bacon and cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxty" title="Boxty">Boxty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(food)" title="Champ (food)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coddle" title="Coddle">Coddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colcannon" title="Colcannon">Colcannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drisheen" title="Drisheen">Drisheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_breakfast#Ireland" title="Full breakfast">Irish fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirts_and_kidneys" title="Skirts and kidneys">Skirts and kidneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_bread" title="Soda bread">Soda bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_bag" title="Spice bag">Spice Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stew" title="Irish stew">Stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-in-1_(fast_food_dish)" title="3-in-1 (fast food dish)">Three-in-One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_coffee" title="Irish coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinness" title="Guinness">Guinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_breakfast_tea" title="Irish breakfast tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Whiskey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_dance" title="Irish dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jig</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_dance" title="Sean-nós dance">Sean-nós</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_set_dancing" title="Irish set dancing">Set dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stepdance" title="Irish stepdance">Stepdance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Bealtaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Twelfth" title="The Twelfth">The Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lúnasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Tralee_(festival)" title="Rose of Tralee (festival)">Rose of Tralee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wren_Day" title="Wren Day">Wren Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ireland" title="Languages of Ireland">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Hiberno-English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_dialect" title="Ulster Scots dialect">Ulster Scots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_literature" title="Irish literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_annals" title="Irish annals">Annals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_prose_fiction" title="Irish prose fiction">Fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_literature_in_Irish" title="Modern literature in Irish">Gaeilge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_poetry" title="Irish poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_theatre" title="Irish theatre">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triads_of_Ireland" title="Triads of Ireland">Triads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ireland" title="Music of Ireland">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_ballads" title="List of Irish 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style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Ireland" title="Sport in Ireland">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Association football in the Republic of Ireland">Association football in the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Association football in Northern Ireland">Association football in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_handball" title="Gaelic handball">Gaelic handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_martial_arts" title="Irish martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_road_bowling" title="Irish road bowling">Road bowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Ireland" title="Rugby union in Ireland">Rugby union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Ireland" title="Category:National symbols of Ireland">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigid%27s_cross" title="Brigid's cross">Brighid's Cross</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celtic_harp" title="Celtic harp">Cláirseach</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Ireland" title="Armorial of Ireland">County coats of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Ireland" title="List of flags of Ireland">Flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_flags_issue" title="Northern Ireland flags issue">Northern Ireland flags issue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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