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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Användningsområden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Användningsområden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Användningsområden</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Användningsområden-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Användningsområden</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Användningsområden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civila_användningsområden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civila_användningsområden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Civila användningsområden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civila_användningsområden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militära_användningsområden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militära_användningsområden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Militära användningsområden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militära_användningsområden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kritik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicitet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicitet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Toxicitet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicitet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Befarade_hälsoeffekter_vid_militär_användning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Befarade_hälsoeffekter_vid_militär_användning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Befarade hälsoeffekter vid militär användning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Befarade_hälsoeffekter_vid_militär_användning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Utarmat uran</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 41 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B6%D8%A8" title="يورانيوم منضب – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يورانيوم منضب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Збеднены ўран – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Збеднены ўран" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Обеднен уран – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обеднен уран" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urani_empobrit" title="Urani empobrit – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Urani empobrit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochuzen%C3%BD_uran" title="Ochuzený uran – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ochuzený uran" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abreicherung" title="Abreicherung – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abreicherung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Απεμπλουτισμένο ουράνιο – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Απεμπλουτισμένο ουράνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depleted_uranium" title="Depleted uranium – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Depleted uranium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranio_empobrecido" title="Uranio empobrecido – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Uranio empobrecido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranio_pobretu" title="Uranio pobretu – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uranio pobretu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B6%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%81%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87" title="اورانیوم ضعیف‌شده – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اورانیوم ضعیف‌شده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium_appauvri" title="Uranium appauvri – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Uranium appauvri" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EC%86%90_%EC%9A%B0%EB%9D%BC%EB%8A%84" title="감손 우라늄 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="감손 우라늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ह्रासित यूरेनियम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ह्रासित यूरेनियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osiroma%C5%A1eni_uranij" title="Osiromašeni uranij – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Osiromašeni uranij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium_terdeplesi" title="Uranium terdeplesi – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uranium terdeplesi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BDrt_%C3%BAran" title="Rýrt úran – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rýrt úran" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranio_impoverito" title="Uranio impoverito – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Uranio impoverito" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%9C" title="אורניום מדולדל – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורניום מדולדל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szeg%C3%A9ny%C3%ADtett_ur%C3%A1n" title="Szegényített urán – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szegényített urán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ханасан ураны сум – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ханасан ураны сум" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verarmd_uranium" title="Verarmd uranium – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verarmd uranium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A3%E5%8C%96%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3" title="劣化ウラン – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="劣化ウラン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utarmet_uran" title="Utarmet uran – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Utarmet uran" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utarma_uran" title="Utarma uran – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Utarma uran" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%91%D8%A7_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ماڑا یورینیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماڑا یورینیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%8A_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="کمزوره شوي یورانیم – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کمزوره شوي یورانیم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uran_zubo%C5%BCony" title="Uran zubożony – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uran zubożony" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur%C3%A2nio_empobrecido" title="Urânio empobrecido – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Urânio empobrecido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraniu_s%C4%83r%C4%83cit" title="Uraniu sărăcit – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uraniu sărăcit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Обеднённый уран – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Обеднённый уран" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depleted_uranium" title="Depleted uranium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Depleted uranium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochudobnen%C3%BD_ur%C3%A1n" title="Ochudobnený urán – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ochudobnený urán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osiroma%C5%A1eni_uran" title="Osiromašeni uran – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Osiromašeni uran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Осиромашени уранијум – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Осиромашени уранијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osiroma%C5%A1eni_uranij" title="Osiromašeni uranij – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Osiromašeni uranij" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6yhdytetty_uraani" title="Köyhdytetty uraani – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Köyhdytetty uraani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1_%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மெலிவுற்ற யுரேனியம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெலிவுற்ற யுரேனியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zay%C4%B1flat%C4%B1lm%C4%B1%C5%9F_uranyum" title="Zayıflatılmış uranyum – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zayıflatılmış uranyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Збіднений уран – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Збіднений уран" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E9%88%BE" title="貧鈾 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="貧鈾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><table border="1" align="right"> <caption><b>Skillnader mellan naturligt och utarmat uran</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Naturligt uran</th> <th>Utarmat uran </th></tr> <tr> <td>U-238 </td> <td align="right">99,28% </td> <td align="right">99,75% </td></tr> <tr> <td>U-235 </td> <td align="right">0,72% </td> <td align="right">0,25% </td></tr> <tr> <td>U-234 </td> <td align="right">0,0056% </td> <td align="right">0,001% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Utarmat uran</b>, "<i>depleted uranium</i>" (DU), är avfall från <a href="/wiki/Anrikning" title="Anrikning">anrikning</a> av naturligt <a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">uran</a> till <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4rnbr%C3%A4nsle" title="Kärnbränsle">kärnbränsle</a> eller vapen. Naturligt uran består till 99,28% av <sup>238</sup><b>U</b> och 0,72% <a href="/wiki/Uran-235" class="mw-redirect" title="Uran-235"><sup>235</sup><b>U</b></a> och en mindre mängd <sup>234</sup><b>U</b>, vilka är klyvbara. Vid anrikning till reaktorbränsle ska halten <sup>235</sup><b>U</b> ökas till 3-5%, till <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4rnvapen" title="Kärnvapen">kärnvapen</a> upp till 90%. Avfallet består nästan uteslutande av <sup>238</sup><b>U</b>. Samtliga <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotoper</a> är svagt <a href="/wiki/Radioaktiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioaktiv">radioaktiva</a> och emitterar till större delen <a href="/wiki/Alfastr%C3%A5lning" title="Alfastrålning">α-strålning</a> med kort räckvidd och låg penetrationsförmåga. </p><p>Likt naturligt <a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">uran</a> är utarmat uran <a href="/wiki/Pyrofora_%C3%A4mnen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrofora ämnen">pyrofort</a> och kan i finfördelad form självantändas i <a href="/wiki/Rumstemperatur" title="Rumstemperatur">rumstemperatur</a> eller antändas genom ett kraftigt slag. Uran brinner explosivt och sprids som mycket små uranpartiklar till omgivningen. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mark_149_Mod_2_20mm_ammunition.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mark_149_Mod_2_20mm_ammunition.jpg/250px-Mark_149_Mod_2_20mm_ammunition.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mark_149_Mod_2_20mm_ammunition.jpg/375px-Mark_149_Mod_2_20mm_ammunition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mark_149_Mod_2_20mm_ammunition.jpg/500px-Mark_149_Mod_2_20mm_ammunition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="2810" /></a><figcaption>Ammunition med utarmat <a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">uran</a>.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Användningsområden"><span id="Anv.C3.A4ndningsomr.C3.A5den"></span>Användningsområden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Användningsområden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Användningsområden"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civila_användningsområden"><span id="Civila_anv.C3.A4ndningsomr.C3.A5den"></span>Civila användningsområden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Civila användningsområden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Civila användningsområden"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På grund av sin höga <a href="/wiki/Densitet" title="Densitet">densitet</a> (19 kg/dm<sup>3</sup>) har utarmat uran använts som strålningsskydd mot <a href="/wiki/Gammastr%C3%A5lning" title="Gammastrålning">gammastrålning</a>. </p><p>Utarmat uran har även använts som motvikter i roder och klaffar i <a href="/wiki/Flygplan" title="Flygplan">flygplan</a>, samt i segelbåtskölar.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vid flygolyckan i <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> den 4 oktober 1992 med <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Al_Flight_1862" class="extiw" title="en:El Al Flight 1862">El Al Flight 1862</a> innehöll planet liksom andra <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a> nästan 300 kg utarmat uran i stjärtpartiet, vilket spreds ut på olycksplatsen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militära_användningsområden"><span id="Milit.C3.A4ra_anv.C3.A4ndningsomr.C3.A5den"></span>Militära användningsområden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Militära användningsområden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Militära användningsområden"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Militärt används utarmat uran främst i pansarbrytande ammunition, oftast i form av <a href="/wiki/Pilprojektil" title="Pilprojektil">pilprojektiler</a>. Det kan även användas defensivt, till exempel som förstärkning i <a href="/wiki/Stridsvagn" title="Stridsvagn">stridsvagnars</a> pansar. Urans höga densitet gör att det överför mycket rörelseenergi på en liten yta när det som projektil träffar ett mål. Ett alternativ till uran i pilprojektiler är <a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">volfram</a>, vilket svenska försvarsmakten använder, då det också är mycket tungt, mycket hårt och inte är giftigt. Många militärer använder utarmat uran istället för volfram i alla fall, då uran är billigare, kraftigt gnistbildande och "vässar" sig självt när det tränger in pansar, istället för att plattas till som volfram tenderar att göra.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kritik">Kritik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kritik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kritik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Användning av utarmat uran har ifrågasatts på grund av uranets giftighet. Detta gäller främst vid militär användning, då uran från ammunition och pansar vid penetration kan finfördelas och få större potential att exponera människor. Detta kan ske både vid tidpunkten för beskjutning men också senare då dessa finfördelade rester av uran kan finnas kvar i mark och grundvatten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toxicitet">Toxicitet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Toxicitet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Toxicitet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uran är en <a href="/wiki/Tungmetall" title="Tungmetall">tungmetall</a> som kan deponeras i kroppens olika organ, framför allt i skelettet och njurarna. I första hand är det dess gifteffekt som har hälsoeffekter. Då det har förekommit omfattande och långvarig exponering för uran i samband med gruvbrytning, höga naturliga uranhalter i miljön, och uranbearbetning av olika slag har dessa effekter kartlagts genom epidemiologiska studier.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Därvid har man kunnat visa att oralt intag även av små mängder uran kan orsaka njurskador, medan det inte observerats några strålskador. Detta är förväntat då uran-isotoperna är alfastrålande, en strålning som hejdas av till exempel vanligt skrivpapper eller människohud. Detta innebär att uranet måste komma in i kroppen genom inandning eller med mat och dryck för att överhuvudtaget kunna utgöra någon radiologisk hälsorisk.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Biologisk <a href="/wiki/Halveringstid" title="Halveringstid">halveringstid</a> för uranintag genom lungorna är 3,8 år. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Befarade_hälsoeffekter_vid_militär_användning"><span id="Befarade_h.C3.A4lsoeffekter_vid_milit.C3.A4r_anv.C3.A4ndning"></span>Befarade hälsoeffekter vid militär användning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Befarade hälsoeffekter vid militär användning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Befarade hälsoeffekter vid militär användning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Projektil" title="Projektil">Projektiler</a> innehållande utarmat uran samt stridsvagnar med pansar förstärkt med utarmat uran användes för första gången i större omfattning under <a href="/wiki/Kuwaitkriget" title="Kuwaitkriget">Kuwaitkriget</a>, och senare vid <a href="/wiki/Natos_flygbombningar_av_Jugoslavien_1999" title="Natos flygbombningar av Jugoslavien 1999">Natos flygbombningar av Jugoslavien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irakkriget" title="Irakkriget">Irakkriget</a> och <a href="/wiki/Afghanistankriget_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Afghanistankriget (2001–2021)">Afghanistankriget</a>. I flera omgångar har de som deltagit i dessa operationer rapporterat om olika hälsoproblem som man förknippat med exponering för utarmat uran. </p><p>Tidigt rapporterades om olika hälsoproblem hos veteraner från Kuwaitkriget vilket kommit att kallas <a href="/wiki/Gulfkrigssyndromet" title="Gulfkrigssyndromet">gulfkrigssyndromet</a>. En undersökning bland kanadensiska veteraner från 2013 slår fast att "det är osannolikt att kanadensiska soldater har blivit exponerade för utarmat uran på sätt som skulle kunna skada deras hälsa".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Man framhåller dock att många veteraner lider av symptom efter militär tjänstgöring, vilket även om det inte specifikt har samband med exponering för utarmat uran kan orsaka betydande lidande.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Två studier från 2010<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> anger att det efter beskjutningar i <a href="/wiki/Slaget_om_Falluja" title="Slaget om Falluja">slaget om Falluja</a> 2004 observerats ökad andel missbildningar och cancer hos barn som fötts där. De som gjort undersökningen nämner utarmat uran som en tänkbar orsak.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studien får väsentlig kritik i en senare studie från 2011<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som pekar på metodiska fel.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>År 2001 rapporterades om ökad förekomst av leukemi hos Balkansoldater, något som senare undersökts bland svenska soldater där inget samband mellan tjänstgöring på Balkan och cancer eller annan ohälsa kunde påvisas.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Man anger dock att flera av de undersökta personerna upplevt oro, sömnstörningar och trötthet vilket kan ha berott på den pressande miljön i tjänstgöringen och/eller den oro som debatten om utarmat uran gett upphov till.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lakartidningen.se/wp-content/uploads/OldPdfFiles/2001/22976.pdf">Ej visat att utarmat uran har negativa hälsoeffekter</a> Läkartidningen, Nr 21, 2001, Volym 98 (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png/14px-Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png/21px-Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png/28px-Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a></small>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bleise et al, sid 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFHarald_Franzen">Harald Franzen (5 mars 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-science-of-the-silver/">”The Science of the Silver Bullet”</a>. <i>Scientific American</i> (Springer Nature)<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-science-of-the-silver/">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-science-of-the-silver/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Science+of+the+Silver+Bullet&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.aulast=Harald+Franzen&rft.au=Harald+Franzen&rft.date=5+mars+2001&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-science-of-the-silver%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Utarmat_uran"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://analys.se/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/utarmat-uran-rapport2001-1.pdf">”Utarmat uran och dess risker”</a>. Analysgruppen vid KSU. april 2001<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://analys.se/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/utarmat-uran-rapport2001-1.pdf">https://analys.se/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/utarmat-uran-rapport2001-1.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 januari 2024</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Utarmat+uran+och+dess+risker&rft.atitle=&rft.date=april+2001&rft.pub=Analysgruppen+vid+KSU&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanalys.se%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F05%2Futarmat-uran-rapport2001-1.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Utarmat_uran"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.veterans.gc.ca/pdf/Reports/scientific-advisory/2013-du-veterans.pdf">”Depleted uranium and Canadian veterans - A Review of Potential Exposure and Health Effects - A Report Prepared for the Minister of Vetrans Affairs”</a>. The Scientific Advisory Committee on Vetran's Health. January 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.veterans.gc.ca/pdf/Reports/scientific-advisory/2013-du-veterans.pdf">https://www.veterans.gc.ca/pdf/Reports/scientific-advisory/2013-du-veterans.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 januari 2024</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Depleted+uranium+and+Canadian+veterans+-+A+Review+of+Potential+Exposure+and+Health+Effects+-+A+Report+Prepared+for+the+Minister+of+Vetrans+Affairs&rft.atitle=&rft.date=January+2013&rft.pub=The+Scientific+Advisory+Committee+on+Vetran%27s+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.veterans.gc.ca%2Fpdf%2FReports%2Fscientific-advisory%2F2013-du-veterans.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Utarmat_uran"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text">"It is unlikely that Canadian soldiers have been exposed to levels of depleted uranium which could be harmful to their health"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text">"There are many Veterans suffering from persistent symptoms following deployment or military conflict which, although not linked to specific exposures such as DU, can cause considerable suffering and can be effectively treated."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFBusbyHamdanAriabi">Busby, C; Hamdan, M; Ariabi, E (juli 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2922729">”Cancer, infant mortality and birth sex-ratio in Fallujah, Iraq 2005-2009”</a>. <i>Int J Environ Res Public Health</i> 7 (7): sid. 2828–2837. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph7072828">10.3390/ijerph7072828</a></span>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20717542?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:20717542">PMID 20717542</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cancer%2C+infant+mortality+and+birth+sex-ratio+in+Fallujah%2C+Iraq+2005-2009&rft.jtitle=Int+J+Environ+Res+Public+Health&rft.aulast=Busby&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Busby%2C+C&rft.au=Hamdan%2C+M&rft.au=Ariabi%2C+E&rft.date=juli+2010&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B2828%E2%80%932837&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fijerph7072828&rft_id=info:pmid/20717542&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Utarmat_uran"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFHagopianLaftaHassanDavis2010-06">Hagopian, Amy; Lafta, Riyadh; Hassan, Jenan; Davis, Scott; Mirick, Dana; Takaro, Tim (2010-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2009.164236">”Trends in Childhood Leukemia in Basrah, Iraq, 1993–2007”</a> (på engelska). <i>American Journal of Public Health</i> 100 (6): sid. 1081–1087. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2009.164236">10.2105/AJPH.2009.164236</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0090-0036">0090-0036</a>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167894?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:20167894">PMID 20167894</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMCPMC2866604">PMC2866604</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2009.164236">https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2009.164236</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 januari 2024</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Childhood+Leukemia+in+Basrah%2C+Iraq%2C+1993%E2%80%932007&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.aulast=Hagopian&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft.au=Hagopian%2C+Amy&rft.au=Lafta%2C+Riyadh&rft.au=Hassan%2C+Jenan&rft.au=Davis%2C+Scott&rft.au=Mirick%2C+Dana&rft.au=Takaro%2C+Tim&rft.date=2010-06&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B1081%E2%80%931087&rft_id=info:doi/10.2105%2FAJPH.2009.164236&rft_id=info:pmid/20167894&rft.issn=0090-0036&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fajph.aphapublications.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.2105%2FAJPH.2009.164236&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Utarmat_uran"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lakartidningen.se/wp-content/uploads/OldWebArticlePdf/1/15253/2631_2632.pdf">”Ökning av cancer, spädbarnsdödlighet och genetiska skador i Irak”</a>. <i>Läkartidningen</i> 107 (43): sid. 2631. Oktober 2010<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://lakartidningen.se/wp-content/uploads/OldWebArticlePdf/1/15253/2631_2632.pdf">https://lakartidningen.se/wp-content/uploads/OldWebArticlePdf/1/15253/2631_2632.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 januari 2024</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%C3%96kning+av+cancer%2C+sp%C3%A4dbarnsd%C3%B6dlighet+och+genetiska+skador+i+Irak&rft.jtitle=L%C3%A4kartidningen&rft.date=Oktober+2010&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=43&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B2631&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flakartidningen.se%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FOldWebArticlePdf%2F1%2F15253%2F2631_2632.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Utarmat_uran"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120729190951/http://www.fib.se/hem/item/1032-19-2-svt2-dokument-utifran-arvet-efter-falluja"><i>Arvet efter Falluja</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/FiB_Kulturfront" class="mw-redirect" title="FiB Kulturfront">FiB Kulturfront</a> (2012-02-14)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFAnders_Romelsjö2010">Anders Romelsjö (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lakartidningen.se/wp-content/uploads/OldWebArticlePdf/1/14081/LKT1013s896_899.pdf">”Kraftig ökning av barnleukemi i Basra”</a>. Läkartidningen nr 13-14 2010, volym 107<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://lakartidningen.se/wp-content/uploads/OldWebArticlePdf/1/14081/LKT1013s896_899.pdf">https://lakartidningen.se/wp-content/uploads/OldWebArticlePdf/1/14081/LKT1013s896_899.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 januari 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Kraftig+%C3%B6kning+av+barnleukemi+i+Basra&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Anders+Romelsj%C3%B6&rft.au=Anders+Romelsj%C3%B6&rft.date=2010&rft.pub=L%C3%A4kartidningen+nr+13-14+2010%2C+volym+107&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flakartidningen.se%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FOldWebArticlePdf%2F1%2F14081%2FLKT1013s896_899.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Utarmat_uran"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFAlrudainyHassanSalihAbbas2011-05">Alrudainy, Laith A.; Hassan, Jenan G.; Salih, Hussam M.; Abbas, Mohammed K.; Majeed, Athar As (2011-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21969893">”Time trends and geographical distribution of childhood leukaemia in basrah, iraq, from 2004 to 2009”</a>. <i>Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal</i> 11 (2): sid. 215–220. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2075-0528">2075-0528</a>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21969893?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:21969893">PMID 21969893</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3121026">3121026</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21969893">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21969893</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 januari 2024</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Time+trends+and+geographical+distribution+of+childhood+leukaemia+in+basrah%2C+iraq%2C+from+2004+to+2009&rft.jtitle=Sultan+Qaboos+University+Medical+Journal&rft.aulast=Alrudainy&rft.aufirst=Laith+A.&rft.au=Alrudainy%2C+Laith+A.&rft.au=Hassan%2C+Jenan+G.&rft.au=Salih%2C+Hussam+M.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+Mohammed+K.&rft.au=Majeed%2C+Athar+As&rft.date=2011-05&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B215%E2%80%93220&rft_id=info:pmid/21969893&rft.issn=2075-0528&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F21969893&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Utarmat_uran"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFMats_Reimer2012">Mats Reimer (10 april 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dagensmedicin.se/opinion/gastkronika/utarmat-uran-fem-professorer-i-gp-glommer-kolla-fakta/">”Utarmat uran - fem professorer i GP glömmer kolla fakta”</a>. Dagens Medicin<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dagensmedicin.se/opinion/gastkronika/utarmat-uran-fem-professorer-i-gp-glommer-kolla-fakta/">https://www.dagensmedicin.se/opinion/gastkronika/utarmat-uran-fem-professorer-i-gp-glommer-kolla-fakta/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 januari 2024</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Utarmat+uran+-+fem+professorer+i+GP+gl%C3%B6mmer+kolla+fakta&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Mats+Reimer&rft.au=Mats+Reimer&rft.date=10+april+2012&rft.pub=Dagens+Medicin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dagensmedicin.se%2Fopinion%2Fgastkronika%2Futarmat-uran-fem-professorer-i-gp-glommer-kolla-fakta%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Utarmat_uran"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-15">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFBarbro_Lagercrantz2003">Barbro Lagercrantz (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lakartidningen.se/wp-content/uploads/OldPdfFiles/2003/26052.pdf">”Utarmat uran - en cancerrisk som försvann - Larmrapporterna om leukemi hos Balkansoldater kom av sig”</a>. Läkartidningen nr 4 2003 Volym 100<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://lakartidningen.se/wp-content/uploads/OldPdfFiles/2003/26052.pdf">https://lakartidningen.se/wp-content/uploads/OldPdfFiles/2003/26052.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 januari 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Utarmat+uran+-+en+cancerrisk+som+f%C3%B6rsvann+-+Larmrapporterna+om+leukemi+hos+Balkansoldater+kom+av+sig&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Barbro+Lagercrantz&rft.au=Barbro+Lagercrantz&rft.date=2003&rft.pub=L%C3%A4kartidningen+nr+4+2003+Volym+100&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flakartidningen.se%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FOldPdfFiles%2F2003%2F26052.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Utarmat_uran"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFA._Bleise,_P.R._Danesi,_W._Burkart2003">A. Bleise, P.R. Danesi, W. Burkart (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/properties.pdf">”Properties, use and health effects of depleted uranium (DU): a general overview”</a>. <i>Journal of environmental Radioactivity</i> (Elsevier Science Ltd) 64: sid. 93-112<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/properties.pdf">https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/properties.pdf</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Properties%2C+use+and+health+effects+of+depleted+uranium+%28DU%29%3A+a+general+overview&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+Radioactivity&rft.aulast=A.+Bleise%2C+P.R.+Danesi%2C+W.+Burkart&rft.au=A.+Bleise%2C+P.R.+Danesi%2C+W.+Burkart&rft.date=2003&rft.volume=64&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B93-112&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science+Ltd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iaea.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fproperties.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Utarmat_uran"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&oldid=54389177">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utarmat_uran&oldid=54389177</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:K%C3%A4rnteknik" title="Kategori:Kärnteknik">Kärnteknik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ammunition" title="Kategori:Ammunition">Ammunition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Milj%C3%B6gifter" title="Kategori:Miljögifter">Miljögifter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Uran" title="Kategori:Uran">Uran</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 30 januari 2024 kl. 13.42.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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