CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Richard Thaler – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )plwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","styczeń","luty","marzec","kwiecień","maj","czerwiec","lipiec","sierpień","wrzesień","październik","listopad","grudzień"],"wgRequestId":"618a51ba-054b-4e7f-8bc8-48602873c4b0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Richard_Thaler","wgTitle":"Richard Thaler","wgCurRevisionId":73498263,"wgRevisionId":73498263,"wgArticleId":2114891,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Amerykańscy ekonomiści","Nobliści – ekonomia","Urodzeni w 1945"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Richard_Thaler","wgRelevantArticleId":2114891,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{ "accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":73498263,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q371212","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.gadget.wikiflex":"ready","ext.gadget.infobox":"ready","ext.gadget.hlist":"ready","ext.gadget.darkmode-overrides":"ready","ext.gadget.small-references":"ready","ext.gadget.citation-access-info":"ready","ext.gadget.sprawdz-problemy-szablony":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ll-script-loader","ext.gadget.veKeepParameters","ext.gadget.szablon-galeria","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.citoid-overrides","ext.gadget.maps","ext.gadget.padlock-indicators","ext.gadget.interwiki-langlist","ext.gadget.edit-summaries","ext.gadget.edit-first-section","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.map-toggler","ext.gadget.narrowFootnoteColumns","ext.gadget.WDsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.gadget.citation-access-info%2Cdarkmode-overrides%2Chlist%2Cinfobox%2Csmall-references%2Csprawdz-problemy-szablony%2Cwikiflex&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg/1200px-Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1604"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg/800px-Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1069"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg/640px-Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="855"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Richard Thaler – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edytuj" href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (pl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Kanał Atom Wikipedii" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Richard_Thaler rootpage-Richard_Thaler skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Przejdź do zawartości</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu główne" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu główne</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu główne</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nawigacja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Przejdź na stronę główną [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Strona główna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Losowa_strona" title="Załaduj losową stronę [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Losuj artykuł</span></a></li><li id="n-Kategorie" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kategorie_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne"><span>Kategorie artykułów</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured-articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wyr%C3%B3%C5%BCniona_zawarto%C5%9B%C4%87_Wikipedii"><span>Najlepsze artykuły</span></a></li><li id="n-FAQ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:FAQ"><span>Częste pytania (FAQ)</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-zmiany" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-zmiany" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla czytelników </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-czytelnicy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii"><span>O Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_z_wikipedystami"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-edytorzy" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-edytorzy" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla wikipedystów </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-pierwsze-kroki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki"><span>Pierwsze kroki</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_wikipedyst%C3%B3w" title="O projekcie – co możesz zrobić, gdzie możesz znaleźć informacje"><span>Portal wikipedystów</span></a></li><li id="n-Noticeboard" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tablica_og%C5%82osze%C5%84"><span>Ogłoszenia</span></a></li><li id="n-Guidelines" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Zasady"><span>Zasady</span></a></li><li id="n-helppage-name" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Spis_tre%C5%9Bci"><span>Pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany" title="Lista ostatnich zmian w Wikipedii. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Richard+Thaler" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Richard+Thaler" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Zaloguj się</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Więcej opcji" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia osobiste</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu użytkownika" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl"><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Richard+Thaler" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Utwórz konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Richard+Thaler" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Książki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Książki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Książki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Książki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Thaler</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 53 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ريتشارد ثالر – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريتشارد ثالر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="ৰিচাৰ্ড থেলাৰ – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰিচাৰ্ড থেলাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C3%A7ard_Taler" title="Riçard Taler – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Riçard Taler" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="রিচার্ড থেলার – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রিচার্ড থেলার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Рычард Тэйлер – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рычард Тэйлер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%80_(%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Ричард Тейлър (икономист) – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ричард Тейлър (икономист)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ریچارد تیلر – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچارد تیلر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%BC%EB%9F%AC" title="리처드 세일러 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리처드 세일러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D4%B9%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ռիչարդ Թեյլեր – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիչարդ Թեյլեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="रिचर्ड थेलर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रिचर्ड थेलर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%AA%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A8" title="ריצ'רד ת'יילר – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריצ'רד ת'יילר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D._%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಎಚ್. ಥೇಲರ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಎಚ್. ಥೇಲರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="რიჩარდ ტალერი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიჩარდ ტალერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardus_Thaler" title="Richardus Thaler – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Richardus Thaler" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_H._Thaler" title="Richard H. Thaler – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Richard H. Thaler" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ричард Талер – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ричард Талер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC" title="റീച്ചാർഡ് തലേർ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റീച്ചാർഡ് തലേർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ريتشارد ثالر – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريتشارد ثالر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="リチャード・セイラー – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチャード・セイラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0" title="ਰਿਚਰਡ ਥੈਲਰ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਿਚਰਡ ਥੈਲਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Талер, Ричард – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Талер, Ричард" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ричард Талер – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ричард Талер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ரிச்சர்ட் தாலர் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரிச்சர்ட் தாலர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ричард Талер – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ричард Талер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Річард Тейлер – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Річард Тейлер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Richard Thaler" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%8B%92" title="理查德·塞勒 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="理查德·塞勒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q371212#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Richard_Thaler" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Richard_Thaler" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Richard_Thaler" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&oldid=73498263" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Richard_Thaler&id=73498263&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRichard_Thaler"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRichard_Thaler"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Richard+Thaler"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Richard_Thaler&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_Thaler" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q371212" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#629ed0; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Richard Thaler</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs grafika-z-wikidanych"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg/179px-Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg/269px-Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg/359px-Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1237" data-file-height="1653" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Państwo działania </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/12_wrze%C5%9Bnia" title="12 września">12 września</a> <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/East_Orange_(New_Jersey)" title="East Orange (New Jersey)">East Orange</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:LightBlue; color:black; text-align:center; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:3px;">Specjalność: <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia" title="Ekonomia">ekonomia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b>Nagrody</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Banku_Szwecji_im._Alfreda_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_ekonomii" title="Laureaci Nagrody Banku Szwecji im. Alfreda Nobla w dziedzinie ekonomii">Nagroda Banku Szwecji im. Alfreda Nobla w dziedzinie ekonomii</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_Thaler" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_Thaler" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Richard Thaler">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Richard H. Thaler</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/12_wrze%C5%9Bnia" title="12 września">12 września</a> <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> w <a href="/wiki/East_Orange_(New_Jersey)" title="East Orange (New Jersey)">East Orange</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">amerykański</a> <a href="/wiki/Ekonomista" title="Ekonomista">ekonomista</a>, jeden z reprezentantów <a href="/wiki/Finanse_behawioralne" title="Finanse behawioralne">finansów behawioralnych</a>, która bada, jak emocje i myślenie (m.in. <a href="/wiki/B%C5%82%C4%85d_poznawczy" title="Błąd poznawczy">błędy poznawcze</a>) wpływają na ekonomiczne decyzje jednostek oraz na funkcjonowanie rynków. Laureat <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Banku_Szwecji_im._Alfreda_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_ekonomii" title="Laureaci Nagrody Banku Szwecji im. Alfreda Nobla w dziedzinie ekonomii">Nagrody Banku Szwecji</a> im. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfreda Nobla</a> w dziedzinie <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia" title="Ekonomia">ekonomii</a> w <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a> roku<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>. Współpracownik noblisty <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniela Kahnemana</a><sup id="cite_ref-autonazwa1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autonazwa1-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Książki"><span id="Ksi.C4.85.C5.BCki"></span>Książki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Książki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Książki"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jedną z najważniejszych książek autorstwa Thalera jest napisana wspólnie z <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cass_Sunstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cass Sunstein (strona nie istnieje)">Cassem Sunsteinem</a> <i>Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness</i>. Autorzy są zdania, że rynki nie zawsze zachowują się tak, jak to tradycyjnie opisują ekonomiści (założenie racjonalności jednostki), a przyczyna tego tkwi w czynnikach psychologicznych. Thaler proponuje doktrynę określaną jako <a href="/wiki/Libertaria%C5%84ski_paternalizm" title="Libertariański paternalizm">libertariański paternalizm</a>, polegającą na stworzeniu takich warunków podejmowania decyzji, które będą zwiększały prawdopodobieństwo wyboru najkorzystniejszej opcji (z punktu widzenia jednostki lub społeczeństwa), przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu ograniczonej wolności wyboru. Rozwiązania skłaniające do wyboru takiego wariantu Thaler i Sunstein określają jako <i>nudge</i> (ang. zachęta, przynaglenie)<sup id="cite_ref-autonazwa1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autonazwa1-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180812060857/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2017/">The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2017</a>. Nobel Media AB 2014, 2017-10-09. [dostęp 2017-10-09]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2017/">tego adresu</a> (2018-08-12)]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autonazwa1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autonazwa1_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autonazwa1_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leighbureau.com/speaker.asp?id=430"><i>LeighBureau</i></a> [online], www.leighbureau.com<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2017-11-26]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=LeighBureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leighbureau.com%2Fspeaker.asp%3Fid%3D430" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9K25ECIpU">Wykład Thalera w ramach cyklu authors@google</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .before,.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .after{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background:#ccf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar{font-weight:normal;font-size:xx-small;white-space:nowrap;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.tnavbar{margin-left:1em;float:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .below>hr+.tnavbar{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox .below>.tnavbar:before{content:"Ten szablon: "}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar li:after{content:" · "}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .navbox hr{margin:0.2em 1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .title{background:#ddf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content:not(.grupa-szablonów-nawigacyjnych){margin-top:2px;padding:0;font-size:smaller;overflow:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox .above+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .above+.navbox-main-content,.mw-parser-output .navbox .below,.mw-parser-output .navbox .title+.grid{margin-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below{background:#ddf;text-align:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.before,.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.after{align-self:center;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.navbox-main-content{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .before{margin-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .after{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.opis{text-align:right;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.opis+.spis{border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff);text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td:first-child{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.navbox-odd,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.navbox-even{padding:0 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr+tr>th,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr+tr>td{border-top:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>th+td{border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns{table-layout:fixed}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td{padding:0;border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff);border-right:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr+tr>td{border-top:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th:first-child,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td:first-child{border-left:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th:last-child,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td:last-child{border-right:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>dl{text-align:left;column-width:24em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+table{margin-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>.opis,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>.spis{padding:0.1em 1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div.mw-collapsible>.mw-collapsible-toggle{width:4em;text-align:right;margin-right:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.fakebar,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div.mw-collapsible>.fakebar{float:left;width:4em;height:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background:#ddf;padding:0 1em;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .opis{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .navbox-even,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .navbox-odd{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .navbox-odd,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .navbox-even{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+div{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox p{margin:0;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:gold}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:silver}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#c96}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>ol{column-width:24em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox ul{list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .navbox .references{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist li{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox .rok{display:inline-block;width:4em;padding-right:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-statistics{margin-top:2px;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:small}.mw-parser-output .navbox-summary>.title{font-weight:bold;font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.grupa-szablonów) .navbox{margin:0;border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.grupa-szablonów>.grupa-szablonów-nawigacyjnych>.navbox:first-child{margin-top:2px}@media(max-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex>.before,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex>.after{display:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis img,.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis .flagicon,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption>.flagicon,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption>.image{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Nobel_Ekonomia" title="Szablon:Nobel Ekonomia"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Nobel_Ekonomia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Nobel Ekonomia (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Nobel_Ekonomia&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Banku_Szwecji_im._Alfreda_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_ekonomii" title="Laureaci Nagrody Banku Szwecji im. Alfreda Nobla w dziedzinie ekonomii">Laureaci Nagrody Banku Szwecji im. Alfreda Nobla w dziedzinie ekonomii</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Samuelson</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Kuznets</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">Hicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Leontief</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Myrdal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_August_von_Hayek" title="Friedrich August von Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kantorowicz" title="Leonid Kantorowicz">Kantorowicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Koopmans</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Ohlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Meade" title="James Meade">Meade</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Simon" title="Herbert Simon">Simon</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Schultz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lewis" title="Arthur Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Klein</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">Tobin</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">Stigler</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Debreu</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Stone</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Modigliani</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Solow</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Allais</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Haavelmo</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz">Markowitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" title="Merton Miller">Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Sharpe" title="William Sharpe">Sharpe</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Coase</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Becker</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Fogel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">North</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">Harsanyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash" title="John Forbes Nash">Nash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Selten</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Lucas Jr.</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">Mirrlees</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">Vickrey</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Merton" title="Robert C. Merton">Merton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myron_Scholes" title="Myron Scholes">Scholes</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Sen</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mundell" title="Robert Mundell">Mundell</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">Heckman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">McFadden</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/George_A._Akerlof" title="George A. Akerlof">Akerlof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence">Spence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Stiglitz" title="Joseph E. Stiglitz">Stiglitz</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Kahneman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Smith" title="Vernon Smith">Smith</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Engle" title="Robert Engle">Engle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clive_Granger" title="Clive Granger">Granger</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Finn_E._Kydland" title="Finn E. Kydland">Kydland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Prescott" title="Edward C. Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Aumann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Schelling</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_S._Phelps" title="Edmund S. Phelps">Phelps</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Hurwicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Maskin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Myerson</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Ostrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Williamson" title="Oliver Williamson">Williamson</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Diamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dale_Mortensen" title="Dale Mortensen">Mortensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Pissarides" title="Christopher Pissarides">Pissarides</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sargent" title="Thomas Sargent">Sargent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sims" title="Christopher Sims">Sims</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth" title="Alvin E. Roth">Roth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley" title="Lloyd Shapley">Shapley</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Fama" title="Eugene Fama">Fama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Hansen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Shiller</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Tirole</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Deaton</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart" title="Oliver Hart">Hart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Holmström</a></li> <li>2017: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thaler</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">Nordhaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Romer" title="Paul Romer">Romer</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Banerjee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Duflo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Kremer</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Milgrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">Card</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Angrist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guido_Imbens" title="Guido Imbens">Imbens</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Bernanke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Diamond" title="Douglas Diamond">Diamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Dybvig" title="Philip Dybvig">Dybvig</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Goldin</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemo%C4%9Flu" title="Daron Acemoğlu">Acemoğlu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Johnson_(ekonomista)" title="Simon Johnson (ekonomista)">Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Alan_Robinson" title="James Alan Robinson">Robinson</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NobelP2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel"><img alt="Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/80px-NobelP2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/120px-NobelP2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/160px-NobelP2.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="542" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109363105">0000000109363105</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/112163776">112163776</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n91020664">n91020664</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/124552080">124552080</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00671669">00671669</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122869560">122869560</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/031704247">031704247</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Australii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Australii">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35908173">35908173</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/vse2008430010">vse2008430010</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4841048">XX4841048</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p07524697X">07524697X</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90599303">90599303</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="jp:CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06020113">DA06020113</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">Open Library</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL717241A">OL717241A</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810595204705606">9810595204705606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%202007144061">n2007144061</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007581714005171">987007581714005171</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Portugalii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Portugalii">PTBNP</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.bn.pt/nca/unimarc-authorities/txt?id=1431204">1431204</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_%C5%81otwy" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Łotwy">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000259233&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000259233</a></span></li><li><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalna_i_sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1na_knji%C5%BEnica_u_Zagrebu" class="extiw" title="hr:Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000500452&local_base=nsk10">000500452</a></span></li><li><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONOR" class="extiw" title="sl:CONOR">CONOR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.si/opac7/conor/87717987">87717987</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Korei" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Korei">KRNLK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librarian.nl.go.kr/LI/contents/L20101000000.do?id=KAC200709564">KAC200709564</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Litewska_Biblioteka_Narodowa_im._Martynasa_Ma%C5%BEvydasa" title="Litewska Biblioteka Narodowa im. Martynasa Mažvydasa">LIH</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lnb.libis.lt/simpleSearch.do?doSearch=1&AI001=LNB%3AC2td%3B%3DBt">LNB:C2td;=Bt</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;6744917.html">6744917</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Thaler">biography/Richard-Thaler</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/richard-h-thaler">richard-h-thaler</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/richard-h-thaler">richard-h-thaler</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Richard_Thaler">Richard_Thaler</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-22477188.xml">22477188</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=70418">70418</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div>Identyfikatory zewnętrzne:</div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1153" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1153">Scopus</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7003764086">7003764086</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1960" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1960">Google Scholar</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=mQHCuRgAAAAJ">mQHCuRgAAAAJ</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&oldid=73498263">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&oldid=73498263</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ameryka%C5%84scy_ekonomi%C5%9Bci" title="Kategoria:Amerykańscy ekonomiści">Amerykańscy ekonomiści</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Nobli%C5%9Bci_%E2%80%93_ekonomia" title="Kategoria:Nobliści – ekonomia">Nobliści – ekonomia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Urodzeni_w_1945" title="Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1945">Urodzeni w 1945</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 13 kwi 2024, 08:32.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. Zobacz szczegółowe informacje o <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/pl">warunkach korzystania</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Polityka prywatności</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii">O Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Korzystasz_z_Wikipedii_tylko_na_w%C5%82asn%C4%85_odpowiedzialno%C5%9B%C4%87">Korzystasz z Wikipedii tylko na własną odpowiedzialność</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Powszechne Zasady Postępowania</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dla deweloperów</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pl.wikipedia.org">Statystyki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Oświadczenie o ciasteczkach</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thaler&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Wersja mobilna</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-nb8xg","wgBackendResponseTime":183,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.451","walltime":"0.657","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1864,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":35380,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4472,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":12240,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":10,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 592.356 1 -total"," 35.58% 210.782 1 Szablon:Kontrola_autorytatywna"," 32.19% 190.692 1 Szablon:Naukowiec_infobox"," 21.88% 129.626 1 Szablon:Nobel_Ekonomia"," 21.13% 125.171 1 Szablon:Szablon_nawigacyjny"," 11.08% 65.628 2 Szablon:Infobox_grafika"," 9.82% 58.156 1 Szablon:Przypisy"," 7.42% 43.927 1 Szablon:Infobox_tytuł"," 4.99% 29.580 1 Szablon:Cytuj_stronę"," 3.89% 23.054 1 Szablon:Cytuj"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.288","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3873638,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"Kolejny:start = 1\nKolejny:find{s e n} = table#1 {\n 1,\n 22,\n \"Naukowiec infobox\",\n}\nKolejny:prefix = nil\nKolejny:ns = 10\nKolejny:infoboxTitle = Szablon:Naukowiec infobox\nKolejny:return = \"\"\nsecondary = \"\"\n\n== selectProperty ==\nrank = nil\nloader = table#1 {\n [\"get\"] = function#1,\n}\nfilters = table#1 {\n}\nsnaktype = nil\n#prop A = 1\nbigImage = table#1 {\n \"[[Plik:Richard Thaler Chatham.jpg|240x240px|alt=ilustracja]]\",\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\n\n== Szablon:Szablon nawigacyjny ==\n\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-2zdff","timestamp":"20241122195815","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Richard Thaler","url":"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Thaler","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q371212","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q371212","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wsp\u00f3\u0142tw\u00f3rcy projekt\u00f3w Fundacji Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-10-08T01:08:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2b\/Richard_Thaler_Chatham.jpg","headline":"ameryka\u0144ski ekonomista, noblista"}</script> </body> </html>