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href="#Production_termination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Production termination </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_termination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernization_and_upgrades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernization_and_upgrades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Modernization and upgrades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernization_and_upgrades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Design </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Design subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Overview </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Stealth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avionics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avionics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Avionics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avionics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cockpit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cockpit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Cockpit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cockpit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Armament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maintenance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maintenance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Maintenance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maintenance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Operational history </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operational history subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Designation_and_testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Designation_and_testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Designation and testing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Designation_and_testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Training </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Introduction_into_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduction_into_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Introduction into service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introduction_into_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initial_operational_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_operational_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Initial operational problems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_operational_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Operational service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Variants </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Variants subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proposed_derivatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_derivatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Proposed derivatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_derivatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Operators </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operators-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operators subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air_Combat_Command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_Combat_Command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Air Combat Command </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_Combat_Command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pacific_Air_Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacific_Air_Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Pacific Air Forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacific_Air_Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_National_Guard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_National_Guard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Air National Guard </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_National_Guard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_Force_Reserve_Command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_Force_Reserve_Command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Air Force Reserve Command </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_Force_Reserve_Command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_Force_Material_Command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_Force_Material_Command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Air Force Material Command </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_Force_Material_Command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Accidents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft_on_display" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft_on_display"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Aircraft on display </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_on_display-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(F-22A)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(F-22A)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Specifications (F-22A) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(F-22A)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" > 76 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A5%D9%81-22_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لوكهيد مارتن إف-22 رابتور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لوكهيد مارتن إف-22 رابتور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81_%DB%B2%DB%B2_%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اف ۲۲ رپتور لاکهید مارتین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اف ۲۲ رپتور لاکهید مارتین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AB-%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E2%80%8C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0" title="লকহিড মার্টিন এফ-২২ র‌্যাপ্টর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লকহিড মার্টিন এফ-২২ র‌্যাপ্টর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin/Boeing_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin/Boeing F-22 Raptor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lockheed Martin/Boeing F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%81-%DB%B2%DB%B2_%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لاکهید مارتین اف-۲۲ رپتور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاکهید مارتین اف-۲۲ رپتور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_%EB%9E%A9%ED%84%B0" title="F-22 랩터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="F-22 랩터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AB-22_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="लॉकहीड मार्टिन एफ-22 रैप्टर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लॉकहीड मार्टिन एफ-22 रैप्टर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin-Boeing_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin-Boeing F-22 Raptor – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lockheed Martin-Boeing F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8" title="F-22 ראפטור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="F-22 ראפטור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22" title="F-22 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="F-22" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%E2%80%9322_Raptor" title="F–22 Raptor – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="F–22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D-22_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="ലോക്ക്ഹീഡ് മാർട്ടിൻ എഫ്-22 റാപ്റ്റർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോക്ക്ഹീഡ് മാർട്ടിൻ എഫ്-22 റാപ്റ്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AB-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="एफ-२२ रॅप्टर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एफ-२२ रॅप्टर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BA-%E1%81%82%E1%81%82_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="အက်ဖ်-၂၂ ရက်ပ်တာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်ဖ်-၂၂ ရက်ပ်တာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A9%9F)" title="F-22 (航空機) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="F-22 (航空機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed/Boeing_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed/Boeing F-22 Raptor – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lockheed/Boeing F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81_22_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="ایف 22 ریپٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایف 22 ریپٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22" title="F-22 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="F-22" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%81-%D9%A2%D9%A2_%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1" title="ئێف-٢٢ ڕاپتۆر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێف-٢٢ ڕاپتۆر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="F-22 раптор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="F-22 раптор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D-22" title="எப்-22 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எப்-22" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F-22_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เอฟ-22 แร็พเตอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอฟ-22 แร็พเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" title="F-22 Raptor – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81-22_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="ایف-22 ریپٹر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایف-22 ریپٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22%E7%8C%9B%E7%A6%BD%E6%88%98%E6%96%97%E6%9C%BA" title="F-22猛禽战斗机 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="F-22猛禽战斗机" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/F22_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="F22 (disambiguation)">F22 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">F-22 Raptor</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_Raptor_edit1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="F-22 Raptor flies over Kadena Air Base, Japan on a flight training mission in 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/F-22_Raptor_edit1_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-F-22_Raptor_edit1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/F-22_Raptor_edit1_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-F-22_Raptor_edit1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/F-22_Raptor_edit1_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-F-22_Raptor_edit1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1988" data-file-height="1491" /></a> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">F-22 Raptor flies over <a href="/wiki/Kadena_Air_Base" title="Kadena Air Base">Kadena Air Base</a>, Japan on a flight training mission</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_superiority_fighter" title="Air superiority fighter">Air superiority fighter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Aeronautics" title="Lockheed Martin Aeronautics">Lockheed Martin Aeronautics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Defense,_Space_%26_Security" title="Boeing Defense, Space & Security">Boeing Integrated Defense Systems</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">In service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary user</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">195 (8 test and 187 production aircraft)<a href="#cite_note-EMD-1">[N 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-combataircraft-2">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1996–2011</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">15 December 2005</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">7 September 1997; 27 years ago (1997-09-07)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed from</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22" title="Lockheed YF-22">Lockheed YF-22</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed into</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-44_MANTA" title="Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA">Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_FB-22" title="Lockheed Martin FB-22">Lockheed Martin FB-22</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Lockheed Martin/Boeing F-22 Raptor is an American <a href="/wiki/Twinjet" title="Twinjet">twin-engine</a>, all-weather, <a href="/wiki/Supersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Supersonic">supersonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Stealth_aircraft" title="Stealth aircraft">stealth</a> <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a>. As a product of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Tactical_Fighter" title="Advanced Tactical Fighter">Advanced Tactical Fighter</a> (ATF) program, the aircraft was designed as an <a href="/wiki/Air_superiority_fighter" title="Air superiority fighter">air superiority fighter</a>, but also incorporates <a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">ground attack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic-warfare_aircraft" title="Electronic-warfare aircraft">electronic warfare</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">signals intelligence</a> capabilities. The prime contractor, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Aeronautics" title="Lockheed Martin Aeronautics">Lockheed Martin</a>, built most of the F-22 airframe and weapons systems and conducted final assembly, while program partner <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Defense,_Space_%26_Security" title="Boeing Defense, Space & Security">Boeing</a> provided the wings, <a href="/wiki/Aft" class="mw-redirect" title="Aft">aft</a> fuselage, <a href="/wiki/Avionics" title="Avionics">avionics</a> integration, and training systems. First flown in 1997, the F-22 descended from the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22" title="Lockheed YF-22">Lockheed YF-22</a> and was variously designated F-22 and F/A-22 before it formally entered service in December 2005 as the F-22A. Although the U.S. Air Force (USAF) had originally planned to buy a total of 750 ATFs to replace its <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle">F-15 Eagles</a>, it later scaled down to 381, and the program was ultimately cut to 195 aircraft — 187 of them operational models — in 2009 due to political opposition from high costs, a lack of air-to-air missions at the time of production, and the development of the more affordable and versatile <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">F-35</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[N 2]</a> The last aircraft was delivered in 2012. The F-22 is a critical component of the USAF's current high-end tactical airpower. While it had a protracted development and initial operational difficulties, the aircraft became the service's leading platform for air-to-air missions against peer adversaries. Although designed for counter-air operations, the F-22 has also performed strike and electronic surveillance, including missions in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Assad_family" title="Al-Assad family">Assad</a>-aligned forces. The F-22 is planned to remain a cornerstone of the USAF's fighter fleet until its succession by the crewed <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Air_Dominance" title="Next Generation Air Dominance">Next Generation Air Dominance</a> fighter. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Tactical_Fighter" title="Advanced Tactical Fighter">Advanced Tactical Fighter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22" title="Lockheed YF-22">Lockheed YF-22</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Advanced_Tactical_Fighter_Systems_Project_Office_Patch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Advanced_Tactical_Fighter_Systems_Project_Office_Patch.jpg/220px-Advanced_Tactical_Fighter_Systems_Project_Office_Patch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Advanced_Tactical_Fighter_Systems_Project_Office_Patch.jpg/330px-Advanced_Tactical_Fighter_Systems_Project_Office_Patch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Advanced_Tactical_Fighter_Systems_Project_Office_Patch.jpg/440px-Advanced_Tactical_Fighter_Systems_Project_Office_Patch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>ATF SPO Patch, 1990</figcaption></figure> The F-22 originated from the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Tactical_Fighter" title="Advanced Tactical Fighter">Advanced Tactical Fighter</a> (ATF) program that the U.S. Air Force (USAF) initiated in 1981 to replace the <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle">F-15 Eagle</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16 Fighting Falcon</a>. Although the F-15 and F-16 had only recently entered service, intelligence reports indicated that their effectiveness would be quickly eroded by emerging worldwide threats emanating from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, including new developments in surface-to-air missile systems for integrated air defense networks, the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Beriev_A-50" title="Beriev A-50">Beriev A-50</a> "Mainstay" airborne warning and control system (AWACS), and the proliferation of the <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-27" title="Sukhoi Su-27">Sukhoi Su-27</a> "Flanker" and <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29" title="Mikoyan MiG-29">Mikoyan MiG-29</a> "Fulcrum" class of fighter aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-5">[3]</a> Code-named "Senior Sky", the ATF would become an air superiority fighter program influenced by these reports; in the potential scenario of a Soviet and <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> invasion in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, the ATF was envisaged to support the <a href="/wiki/AirLand_Battle" title="AirLand Battle">air-land battle</a> by spearheading <a href="/wiki/Offensive_counter_air" title="Offensive counter air">offensive</a> and defensive counter-air operations (OCA/DCA) in this highly contested environment that would then enable following echelons of NATO strike and attack aircraft to perform <a href="/wiki/Air_interdiction" title="Air interdiction">air interdiction</a> against ground formations; to do so, the ATF would make an ambitious leap in capability and survivability by taking advantage of the new technologies in fighter design on the horizon, including <a href="/wiki/Composite_material" title="Composite material">composite materials</a>, lightweight <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloys</a>, advanced flight control systems and avionics, more powerful propulsion systems for supersonic cruise (or <a href="/wiki/Supercruise" title="Supercruise">supercruise</a>) around Mach 1.5, and stealth technology for low observability.<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> The USAF initiated an ATF <a href="/wiki/Request_for_information" title="Request for information">request for information</a> (RFI) to the aerospace industry in May 1981, and following a period of concept and specification development, the ATF System Program Office (SPO) issued the demonstration and validation (Dem/Val) <a href="/wiki/Request_for_proposal" title="Request for proposal">request for proposals</a> (RFP) in September 1985, with requirements placing strong emphasis on stealth, supersonic cruise and maneuver. The RFP would see some alterations after its initial release, including more stringent signature reduction requirements in December 1985 and adding the requirement for flying technology demonstrator prototypes in May 1986.<a href="#cite_note-10">[N 3]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[8]</a> Owing to the immense investments required to develop the advanced technologies, teaming between companies was encouraged. Of the seven bidding companies,<a href="#cite_note-13">[N 4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Corporation" title="Northrop Corporation">Northrop</a> were selected on 31 October 1986.<a href="#cite_note-15">[N 5]</a> Lockheed, through its <a href="/wiki/Skunk_Works" title="Skunk Works">Skunk Works</a> division at <a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Burbank, California</a>, teamed with <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics" title="General Dynamics">General Dynamics</a> while Northrop teamed with <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a>. These two contractor teams undertook a 50-month Dem/Val phase, culminating in the flight test of two technology demonstrator prototypes, the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22" title="Lockheed YF-22">YF-22</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-23" title="Northrop YF-23">YF-23</a> respectively; while they represented competing designs, the prototypes were meant for demonstrating concept viability and risk mitigation rather than a competitive flyoff.<a href="#cite_note-17">[N 6]</a> Concurrently, <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney" title="Pratt & Whitney">Pratt & Whitney</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> competed for the ATF engines.<a href="#cite_note-18">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_design_evolution_595_to_645_200x592.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/F-22_design_evolution_595_to_645_200x592.png/150px-F-22_design_evolution_595_to_645_200x592.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="438" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/53/F-22_design_evolution_595_to_645_200x592.png 1.5x" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Evolution of the F-22 design from 1987, with the bottom being the production configuration</figcaption></figure> Dem/Val was focused on <a href="/wiki/System_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="System engineering">system engineering</a>, technology development plans, and risk reduction over point aircraft designs; in fact, after down-select, the Lockheed team completely redesigned the airframe in the summer of 1987 due to weight analysis, with notable changes including the <a href="/wiki/Wing_configuration#Wing_planform" title="Wing configuration">wing planform</a> from swept trapezoidal to diamond-like delta and a reduction in forebody planform area.<a href="#cite_note-20">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[15]</a> The team extensively used analytical and empirical methods including <a href="/wiki/Computational_fluid_dynamics" title="Computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">computer-aided design</a> software, <a href="/wiki/Wind_tunnel" title="Wind tunnel">wind tunnel</a> testing (18,000 hours for Dem/Val), and <a href="/wiki/Radar_cross-section" class="mw-redirect" title="Radar cross-section">radar cross-section</a> (RCS) calculations and pole testing. Avionics systems were tested in ground and flying laboratories.<a href="#cite_note-22">[16]</a> During Dem/Val, the SPO used <a href="/wiki/Trade_study" title="Trade study">trade studies</a> from both teams to review ATF requirements and adjust ones that were significant weight and cost drivers while having marginal value. The short takeoff and landing (<a href="/wiki/STOL" title="STOL">STOL</a>) requirement was relaxed to delete <a href="/wiki/Thrust_reversal" title="Thrust reversal">thrust-reversers</a>, saving substantial weight. As avionics was a major cost driver, <a href="/wiki/Side_looking_airborne_radar" title="Side looking airborne radar">side looking radars</a> were deleted, and the dedicated <a href="/wiki/Infrared_search_and_track" title="Infrared search and track">infrared search and track</a> (IRST) system was eventually removed as well. Space and cooling provisions were retained to allow for the later addition of these components. The <a href="/wiki/Ejection_seat" title="Ejection seat">ejection seat</a> requirement was downgraded from a fresh design to the existing <a href="/wiki/ACES_II" title="ACES II">ACES II</a>. Despite efforts by the contractor teams to rein in weight, the takeoff gross weight estimates grew from 50,000 to 60,000 lb (22,700 to 27,200 kg), resulting in engine thrust requirement increasing from 30,000 to 35,000 lbf (133 to 156 kN) class.<a href="#cite_note-23">[17]</a> Each team built two prototype air vehicles for Dem/Val, one for each of the two engine options. The YF-22 had its maiden flight on 29 September 1990 and in testing successfully demonstrated supercruise, high angle-of-attack maneuvers, and the firing of air-to-air missiles from internal weapons bays. After the Dem/Val flight test of the demonstrator prototypes at <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a>, the teams submitted the results and their design proposals — or Preferred System Concept (PSC) — for full-scale development in December 1990; on 23 April 1991, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Secretary of the USAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rice" title="Donald Rice">Donald Rice</a> announced the Lockheed team and Pratt & Whitney as the winners of the ATF and engine competitions.<a href="#cite_note-24">[18]</a> Both designs met or exceeded all performance requirements; the YF-23 was considered stealthier and faster, but the YF-22, with its thrust vectoring nozzles, was more maneuverable as well as less expensive and risky, having flown considerably more test sorties and hours than its counterpart.<a href="#cite_note-Goodall_p110-25">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[20]</a> The press also speculated that the Lockheed team's design was more adaptable to the Navy Advanced Tactical Fighter (NATF) for replacing the <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat" title="Grumman F-14 Tomcat">F-14 Tomcat</a>, but by fiscal year (FY) 1992, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> had abandoned NATF due to cost.<a href="#cite_note-Miller_p76-27">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full-scale_development">Full-scale development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Full-scale development">edit</a>]</div> As the program moved to full-scale development, or <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_readiness_level#Definitions" title="Manufacturing readiness level">Engineering & Manufacturing Development</a> (EMD), the production F-22 design (internally designated as Configuration 645) evolved to have notable differences from the immature YF-22 demonstrator, despite having similar configuration.<a href="#cite_note-29">[N 7]</a> The external geometry saw significant alterations; the wing's <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge" title="Leading edge">leading edge</a> sweep angle was decreased from 48° to 42°, while the vertical stabilizers were shifted rearward and decreased in area by 20%.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-30">[23]</a> The radome shape was changed for better radar performance, the wingtips were clipped for antennas, and the dedicated airbrake was eliminated. To improve pilot visibility and aerodynamics, the canopy was moved forward 7 inches (18 cm) and the engine inlets moved rearward 14 inches (36 cm). The shapes of the fuselage, wing, and <a href="/wiki/Stabilator" title="Stabilator">stabilator</a> trailing edges were refined to improve aerodynamics, strength, and stealth characteristics. The internal structural design was refined and reinforced, with the production airframe designed for a service life of 8,000 hours.<a href="#cite_note-f22_evolution_p2-28">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[24]</a> The revised shaping would be validated with over 17,000 additional hours of wind tunnel testing and further RCS testing at <a href="/wiki/Helendale,_California" title="Helendale, California">Helendale, California</a> and the USAF <a href="/wiki/National_Radar_Cross-section_Facility" title="National Radar Cross-section Facility">RATSCAT range</a> before first flight. Increasing weight during EMD due to demanding ballistic survivability requirements and <a href="/wiki/Scope_creep" title="Scope creep">added capabilities</a> caused slight reductions in projected range and maneuver performance.<a href="#cite_note-32">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22-flying-alongside-the-FTB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/F-22-flying-alongside-the-FTB.jpg/220px-F-22-flying-alongside-the-FTB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6a/F-22-flying-alongside-the-FTB.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>An EMD F-22 alongside the Flying Test Bed</figcaption></figure> Aside from advances in air vehicle and propulsion technology, the F-22's avionics were unprecedented in terms of complexity and scale for a combat aircraft, with the <a href="/wiki/Sensor_fusion" title="Sensor fusion">fusion</a> of multiple sensors systems and antennas, including integrated electronic warfare and integrated communication, navigation, and identification (CNI), and software integration of 1.7 million <a href="/wiki/Source_lines_of_code" title="Source lines of code">lines of code</a> written in <a href="/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)" title="Ada (programming language)">Ada</a>; the avionics often became the pacing factor of the whole program. In light of rapidly advancing computing and semiconductor technology, the avionics was to employ the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a>'s (DoD) <a href="/wiki/PAVE" title="PAVE">PAVE PILLAR</a> systems architecture and <a href="/wiki/Very_High_Speed_Integrated_Circuit_Program" title="Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Program">Very High Speed Integrated Circuit</a> (VHSIC) program technology; the avionics had computing and processing requirements equivalent to multiple contemporary <a href="/wiki/Cray#Cray_Research_Inc._and_Cray_Computer_Corporation:_1972–1996" title="Cray">Cray</a> supercomputers in order to achieve sensor fusion.<a href="#cite_note-33">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-B3.0SW-34">[27]</a> To enable early looks and troubleshooting for mission software development, the software was ground-tested in Boeing's Avionics Integration Laboratory (AIL) and flight-tested on a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_757#Government,_military,_and_corporate" title="Boeing 757">Boeing 757</a> modified with F-22 mission systems, called Flying Test Bed, as an avionics laboratory.<a href="#cite_note-f22_flight_test_update-35">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[29]</a> Because much of the F-22's avionics design occurred in the 1990s as the electronics industry was shifting from military to commercial applications as the predominant market, avionics upgrade efforts would initially be difficult and protracted due to changing industry standards; for instance, <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>/<a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> rather than Ada became predominant programming languages.<a href="#cite_note-raptorroadmap2019-37">[30]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_Raptor_wytw%C3%B3rnie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/F-22_Raptor_wytw%C3%B3rnie.png/220px-F-22_Raptor_wytw%C3%B3rnie.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/F-22_Raptor_wytw%C3%B3rnie.png/330px-F-22_Raptor_wytw%C3%B3rnie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/F-22_Raptor_wytw%C3%B3rnie.png/440px-F-22_Raptor_wytw%C3%B3rnie.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Manufacturers of the F-22</figcaption></figure> The roughly equal division of work amongst the team largely carried through from Dem/Val to EMD, with prime contractor Lockheed responsible for the forward fuselage and control surfaces, General Dynamics for the center fuselage, and Boeing for aft fuselage and wings. Lockheed <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics#Divestitures" title="General Dynamics">acquired General Dynamics</a>' fighter portfolio at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a> in 1993 and thus had the majority of the airframe manufacturing, and would merge with Martin Marietta in 1995 to form <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Aeronautics" title="Lockheed Martin Aeronautics">Lockheed Martin</a>. While Lockheed primarily performed Dem/Val work at its Skunk Works sites in Burbank and Palmdale, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, it would shift its program office and EMD work from Burbank to <a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia" title="Marietta, Georgia">Marietta, Georgia</a>, where it performed final assembly; <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Defense,_Space_%26_Security" title="Boeing Defense, Space & Security">Boeing</a> manufactured airframe components, performed avionics integration and developed the training systems in <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a>. The EMD contract originally ordered seven single-seat F-22As and two twin-seat F-22Bs, although the latter was canceled in 1996 to reduce development costs and the orders were converted to single seaters.<a href="#cite_note-38">[31]</a> The first F-22A, an EMD aircraft with tail number 4001, was unveiled at <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Plant_6" title="United States Air Force Plant 6">Air Force Plant 6</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dobbins_Air_Reserve_Base" title="Dobbins Air Reserve Base">Dobbins Air Reserve Base</a> in Marietta on 9 April 1997 and first flew on 7 September 1997, piloted by chief test pilot Alfred "Paul" Metz.<a href="#cite_note-39">[N 8]</a><a href="#cite_note-F-22_chrono-40">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[33]</a> Because the F-22 had been designed to defeat contemporary and projected Soviet fighters, the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985-1991)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold War (1985-1991)">Cold War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> in 1991 would have major impacts on program funding; the DoD reduced its urgency for new weapon systems and the following years would see successive reductions in its budget. This resulted in the F-22's EMD being rescheduled and lengthened multiple times. Furthermore, the numerous new technologies needed for the F-22's ambitious requirements exacerbated the cost overruns and delays.<a href="#cite_note-42">[34]</a> Some capabilities were also deferred to post-service upgrades, reducing the initial cost but increasing total program cost.<a href="#cite_note-43">[35]</a> Following extensive tests and evaluations with over 7,600 test hours flown, the program transitioned to full-rate production in March 2005 and completed EMD that December as the jet entered operational service, while Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E) activity continued for upgrades.<a href="#cite_note-f22_sar2010-44">[36]</a> Derivatives such as the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-44_MANTA" title="Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA">X-44</a> thrust vectoring research aircraft and the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_FB-22" title="Lockheed Martin FB-22">FB-22</a> medium-range regional bomber were proposed in the late 1990s and early 2000s, although these were eventually abandoned. In 2006, the F-22 development team won the <a href="/wiki/Collier_Trophy" title="Collier Trophy">Collier Trophy</a>, American aviation's most prestigious award.<a href="#cite_note-45">[37]</a> Due to the aircraft's sophisticated capabilities, contractors have been targeted by cyberattacks and technology theft.<a href="#cite_note-46">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production_and_procurement">Production and procurement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Production and procurement">edit</a>]</div> The USAF originally envisioned ordering 750 ATFs at a total program cost of $44.3 billion and procurement cost of $26.2 billion in FY 1985 dollars, with production beginning in 1994 and service entry in the mid-to-late 1990s. The 1990 Major Aircraft Review (MAR) led by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> reduced this to 648 aircraft beginning in 1996 and service entry in the early-to-mid 2000s. After the end of the Cold War, this was further curtailed to 442 in the 1993 Bottom-Up Review while the USAF eventually set its requirement to 381 to support its <a href="/wiki/Air_Expeditionary_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Expeditionary Force">Air Expeditionary Force</a> structure with the last deliveries in 2013. Throughout development and production, the program was continually scrutinized for its costs and less expensive alternatives such as modernized F-15 or F-16 variants were being proposed, even though the USAF considered the F-22 to provide the greatest capability increase against peer adversaries for the investment.<a href="#cite_note-47">[39]</a> However, funding instability had reduced the total to 339 by 1997 and production was nearly halted by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-49">[N 9]</a> Although funds were eventually restored, the planned number continued to decline due to delays and cost overruns during EMD, slipping to 277 by 2003.<a href="#cite_note-50">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Williams_p.22-51">[42]</a> In 2004, with its focus on asymmetric <a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">counterinsurgency</a> warfare in <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Afghanistan</a>, the DoD under Secretary <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> further cut the planned F-22 procurement to 183 production aircraft, despite the USAF's requirement for 381;<a href="#cite_note-52">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[44]</a> funding for this number was reached by a multi-year procurement contract awarded in 2006, with aircraft distributed to seven combat squadrons; total program cost was projected to be $62 billion (~$90.2 billion in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-afpn_20060623_ad-54">[45]</a> In 2008, Congress passed a defense spending bill that raised the total orders for production aircraft to 187.<a href="#cite_note-55">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[47]</a> F-22 production would support over 1,000 subcontractors and suppliers from 46 states and up to 95,000 jobs, and spanned 15 years at a peak rate of roughly two airplanes per month, about half of the initially planned rate from the 1990 MAR; after EMD aircraft contracts, the first production lot was awarded in September 2000.<a href="#cite_note-57">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[50]</a> As production wound down in 2011, the total program cost was estimated to be about $67.3 billion (about $360 million for each production aircraft delivered), with $32.4 billion spent on RDT&E and $34.9 billion on procurement and military construction in then year dollars. The <a href="/wiki/Marginal_cost" title="Marginal cost">incremental cost</a> for an additional F-22 was estimated at $138 million (~$191 million in 2023) in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-usaf_fy2009_budget-60">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-f22_sar2010-44">[36]</a> In total, 195 F-22s were built. The first two were EMD aircraft in the <a href="/wiki/Block_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Block number">Block</a> 1.0<a href="#cite_note-61">[N 10]</a> configuration for initial flight testing and envelope expansion, while the third was a Block 2.0 aircraft built to represent the internal structure of production airframes and enabled it to test full flight loads. Six more EMD aircraft were built in the Block 10 configuration for development and upgrade testing, with the last two considered essentially production-quality jets. Production for operational squadrons consisted of 74 Block 10/20 training aircraft and 112 Block 30/35 combat aircraft for a total of 186 (or 187 when accounting for Production Representative Test Vehicles and certain EMD jets);<a href="#cite_note-EMD-1">[N 1]</a> one of the Block 30 aircraft is dedicated to flight sciences at Edwards Air Force Base, California.<a href="#cite_note-62">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[53]</a> By 2020, Block 20 aircraft from Lot 3 onward were upgraded to Block 30 standards under the Common Configuration Plan, increasing the Block 30/35 fleet to 149 aircraft while 37 remained in the Block 20 configuration for training.<a href="#cite_note-65">[N 11]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-costdata194-67">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ban_on_exports">Ban on exports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ban on exports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_F-22_Raptor_in_flying.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two F-22s overflying snow-capped mountains." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Two_F-22_Raptor_in_flying.jpg/220px-Two_F-22_Raptor_in_flying.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Two_F-22_Raptor_in_flying.jpg/330px-Two_F-22_Raptor_in_flying.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Two_F-22_Raptor_in_flying.jpg/440px-Two_F-22_Raptor_in_flying.jpg 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="773" /></a><figcaption>Two F-22s during flight testing, the upper one being the first EMD F-22, Raptor 4001</figcaption></figure> In order to prevent the inadvertent disclosure of the aircraft's stealth technology and classified capabilities to the U.S.'s adversaries,<a href="#cite_note-68">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[58]</a> annual DoD appropriations acts since FY1998 have included a provision prohibiting the use of funds made available in each act to approve or license the sale of the F-22 to any foreign government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGertler201313-14-70">[59]</a> Customers for U.S. fighters are acquiring earlier designs such as the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon or the newer <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">F-35 Lightning II</a>, which contains technology from the F-22 but was designed to be cheaper, more flexible, and available for export.<a href="#cite_note-WP-71">[60]</a> In September 2006, Congress upheld the ban on foreign F-22 sales.<a href="#cite_note-addr_20060927_fms-72">[61]</a> Despite the ban, the 2010 defense authorization bill included provisions requiring the DoD to report on the costs and feasibility for an F-22 export variant, and another report on the effect of export sales on the U.S. aerospace industry.<a href="#cite_note-73">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[63]</a> Some Australian defense officials and politicians have expressed interest in procuring the F-22; in 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Force_(Australia)" title="Chief of the Defence Force (Australia)">Chief of the Defence Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal_(Australia)" title="Air chief marshal (Australia)">Air Chief Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Angus_Houston" title="Angus Houston">Angus Houston</a>, stated that the aircraft was being considered by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> (RAAF) as a potential supplement to the F-35.<a href="#cite_note-75">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[65]</a> Some defense commentators have even advocated for the purchase in lieu of the planned F-35s, citing the F-22's known capabilities and F-35's delays and developmental uncertainties.<a href="#cite_note-77">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-age_20061002-78">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[68]</a> However, considerations for the F-22 were later dropped and the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">F/A-18E/F Super Hornet</a> would serve as the RAAF's interim aircraft prior to the F-35's service entry.<a href="#cite_note-80">[69]</a> The Japanese government also showed interest in the F-22. The <a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Air Self-Defense Force">Japan Air Self-Defense Force</a> (JASDF) would reportedly require fewer fighters for its mission if it obtained the F-22, thus reducing engineering and staffing costs.<a href="#cite_note-81">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[71]</a> With the end of F-22 production, Japan chose the F-35 in December 2011.<a href="#cite_note-83">[72]</a> At one point the Israeli Air Force had hoped to purchase up to 50 F-22s. In November 2003, however, Israeli representatives announced that after years of analysis and discussions with Lockheed Martin and the DoD, they had concluded that Israel could not afford the aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolkcom200711-84">[73]</a> Israel eventually purchased the F-35.<a href="#cite_note-IAF_F-22-85">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production_termination">Production termination</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Production termination">edit</a>]</div> Throughout the 2000s when the U.S. was primarily fighting counterinsurgency wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the USAF's requirement for 381 F-22s was questioned over rising costs, initial reliability and availability problems, limited multirole versatility, and a lack of relevant adversaries for air combat missions.<a href="#cite_note-WP-71">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-hatch.senate.gov-87">[76]</a> In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Comptroller_General_of_the_United_States" title="Comptroller General of the United States">Comptroller General of the United States</a> <a href="/wiki/David_M._Walker_(U.S._Comptroller_General)" title="David M. Walker (U.S. Comptroller General)">David Walker</a> found that "the DoD has not demonstrated the need" for more investment in the F-22,<a href="#cite_note-88">[77]</a> and further opposition was expressed by <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush Administration</a> Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld and his successor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a>, Deputy Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Gordon_R._England" title="Gordon R. England">Gordon R. England</a>, and Chairman of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee</a> (SASC) Senators <a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">John Warner</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[79]</a> Under Rumsfeld, procurement was severely cut to 183 aircraft. The F-22 lost influential supporters in 2008 after the forced resignations of Secretary of the Air Force <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wynne" title="Michael Wynne">Michael Wynne</a> and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force General <a href="/wiki/T._Michael_Moseley" title="T. Michael Moseley">T. Michael Moseley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-topgeneralwarns-91">[80]</a> In November 2008, Gates stated that the F-22 lacked relevance in <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric</a> post-Cold War conflicts,<a href="#cite_note-92">[81]</a> and in April 2009, under the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama Administration</a>, he called for production to end in FY 2011 after completing 187 F-22s.<a href="#cite_note-cut-93">[82]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_F-22A_Raptor_in_column_flight_-_(Noise_reduced).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Two_F-22A_Raptor_in_column_flight_-_%28Noise_reduced%29.jpg/220px-Two_F-22A_Raptor_in_column_flight_-_%28Noise_reduced%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Two_F-22A_Raptor_in_column_flight_-_%28Noise_reduced%29.jpg/330px-Two_F-22A_Raptor_in_column_flight_-_%28Noise_reduced%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Two_F-22A_Raptor_in_column_flight_-_%28Noise_reduced%29.jpg/440px-Two_F-22A_Raptor_in_column_flight_-_%28Noise_reduced%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Two F-22As in close trail formation</figcaption></figure> The loss of staunch F-22 advocates in the upper DoD echelons resulted in the erosion of its political support. In July 2008, General <a href="/wiki/James_Cartwright" title="James Cartwright">James Cartwright</a>, Vice Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>, stated to the SASC his reasons for supporting the termination of F-22 production, including shifting resources to the multi-service F-35 and the electric warfare <a href="/wiki/Boeing_EA-18G_Growler" title="Boeing EA-18G Growler">EA-18G Growler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[83]</a> Although Russian and Chinese fighter developments fueled concern for the USAF, Gates dismissed this and in 2010, he set the F-22 requirement to 187 aircraft by lowering the number of major regional conflict preparations from two to one, despite an effort by Wynne's and Moseley's successors <a href="/wiki/Michael_B._Donley" title="Michael B. Donley">Michael Donley</a> and General <a href="/wiki/Norton_Schwartz" class="mw-redirect" title="Norton Schwartz">Norton Schwartz</a> to raise the number to 243; according to Schwartz, he and Donley finally relented in order to convince Gates to preserve the <a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Strike_Bomber" title="Long Range Strike Bomber">Long Range Strike Bomber</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-95">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[85]</a> After President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> threatened to <a href="/wiki/Presidential_veto" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential veto">veto</a> further production at Gates' urging, both the Senate and House agreed to abide by the 187 cap in July 2009.<a href="#cite_note-97">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[87]</a> Gates highlighted the F-35's role in the decision,<a href="#cite_note-gates_speech-99">[88]</a> and believed that the U.S. would maintain its stealth fighter numbers advantage by 2025 even with F-35 delays.<a href="#cite_note-100">[89]</a> In December 2011, the 195th and final F-22 was completed out of 8 test and 187 production aircraft built; the jet was delivered on 2 May 2012.<a href="#cite_note-AW_last_Raptor-101">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-FG_last_f-22-102">[91]</a> After production ended, F-22 tooling and associated documentation were retained and mothballed at the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Army_Depot" title="Sierra Army Depot">Sierra Army Depot</a> to support repairs and maintenance throughout the fleet life cycle, as well as the possibility of a production restart or a Service Life Extension Program (SLEP).<a href="#cite_note-103">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mothball-105">[94]</a> The Marietta plant space was repurposed to support the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules" title="Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules">C-130J</a> and F-35, while engineering work for sustainment and upgrades continued at Fort Worth, Texas and Palmdale, California.<a href="#cite_note-106">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-restart-107">[96]</a> The curtailed production forced the USAF to extend the service of 179 F-15C/Ds until 2026—well beyond its planned retirement—and replace those with new-build <a href="/wiki/Boeing_F-15EX_Eagle_II" title="Boeing F-15EX Eagle II">F-15EX</a>, which took advantage of an active production line for export customers to minimize non-recurring start-up costs, in order to retain adequate numbers of air superiority fighters.<a href="#cite_note-108">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-f15ex-109">[98]</a> In April 2016, Congress directed the USAF to conduct a cost study and assessment associated with resuming production of the F-22, citing advancing threats from Russia and China.<a href="#cite_note-110">[99]</a> On 9 June 2017, the USAF submitted their report stating they had no plans to restart the F-22 production line due to cost-prohibitive economic and logistical challenges; it estimated it would cost approximately $50 billion to procure 194 additional F-22s at a cost of $206–216 million per aircraft, including approximately $9.9 billion for non-recurring start-up costs and $40.4 billion for acquisition with the first delivery in the mid-to-late 2020s. The long gap since the end of production meant hiring new workers, sourcing replacement vendors, and finding new plant space, contributing to the high start-up costs and lead times. The USAF believed that the funding would be better invested in its next-generation Air Superiority 2030 effort, which evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Air_Dominance" title="Next Generation Air Dominance">Next Generation Air Dominance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-restart-107">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modernization_and_upgrades">Modernization and upgrades</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modernization and upgrades">edit</a>]</div> The F-22 and its subsystems were designed to be upgraded over its life cycle in anticipation for technological advances and evolving threats, although this initially proved difficult and costly due to the highly integrated avionics systems architecture. The modernization and upgrades consist of software and hardware modifications captured under numbered Increments, originally called Spirals, as well as software-only Operational Flight Program (OFP) Updates.<a href="#cite_note-112">[101]</a> Amid debates over the airplane's relevance in asymmetric counterinsurgency warfare, the first Increments and OFP Updates primarily focused on ground attack, or strike capabilities. Increment 2, the first upgrade program, was implemented in 2005 for Block 20 aircraft onward and enabled the employment of <a href="/wiki/Joint_Direct_Attack_Munition" title="Joint Direct Attack Munition">Joint Direct Attack Munitions</a> (JDAM). The improved AN/APG-77(V)1 radar, which incorporates air-to-ground modes, was certified in March 2007 and fitted on airframes from Lot 5 onward.<a href="#cite_note-apg77v1fi-113">[102]</a> Increment 3.1 and Updates 3 and 4 for Block 30/35 aircraft improved ground-attack capabilities through <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_aperture_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic aperture radar">synthetic aperture radar</a> (SAR) mapping and radio emitter <a href="/wiki/Direction_finding" title="Direction finding">direction finding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare#Electronic_attack" title="Electronic warfare">electronic attack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Small_Diameter_Bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Diameter Bomb">Small Diameter Bomb</a> (SDB) integration; testing began in 2009 and the first upgraded aircraft was delivered in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-114">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-AWST-115">[104]</a> To address <a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoxia (medical)">oxygen deprivation issues</a>, F-22s were fitted with an automatic backup oxygen system (ABOS) and modified life support system starting in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-resume-op-116">[105]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_test_fires_AIM-9X.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/F-22_test_fires_AIM-9X.jpg/220px-F-22_test_fires_AIM-9X.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/F-22_test_fires_AIM-9X.jpg/330px-F-22_test_fires_AIM-9X.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/F-22_test_fires_AIM-9X.jpg/440px-F-22_test_fires_AIM-9X.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1113" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>A Block 30 F-22A, serial 06-4132, of the <a href="/wiki/411th_Flight_Test_Squadron" title="411th Flight Test Squadron">411th Flight Test Squadron</a> test-fires an AIM-9X in 2015.</figcaption></figure> In contrast to prior upgrades, Increment 3.2 for Block 30/35 aircraft emphasized air combat capabilities and was a two-part process. 3.2A focused on electronic warfare, communications and identification including Link 16 receive-only capability, and interim <a href="/wiki/AIM-9X" class="mw-redirect" title="AIM-9X">AIM-9X</a> and <a href="/wiki/AIM-120_AMRAAM#Variants_and_upgrades" title="AIM-120 AMRAAM">AIM-120D</a> capability while 3.2B included geolocation improvements and full integration of the AIM-9X/AIM-120D; fleet releases began in 2013 and 2019, respectively. Concurrent with Increment 3.2, Update 5 in 2016 added <a href="/wiki/Automatic_Ground_Collision_Avoidance_System" title="Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System">Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System</a> (AGCAS), datalink updates, and more.<a href="#cite_note-f22-increment-117">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[107]</a> Update 6, deployed in tandem with 3.2B, incorporated cryptographic and avionics stability enhancements. The <a href="/wiki/Multifunctional_Information_Distribution_System" title="Multifunctional Information Distribution System">Multifunctional Information Distribution System</a>-Joint Tactical Radio System (MIDS-JTRS) for Tactical Mandates, including Mode 5 <a href="/wiki/Identification_friend_or_foe" title="Identification friend or foe">IFF</a> and Link 16 transmit/receive capability was installed starting in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-mids-j-119">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-raptorroadmap2019-37">[30]</a> Because the market for electronics was overtaken by the commercial sector over military applications during the course of the F-22's development, aspects of its avionics system such as the integrated circuit design and the use of Ada programming language became obsolescent and difficult to modernize. Due to these issues, the F-22's mission computers were upgraded in 2021 after Increment 3.2B with military-hardened <a href="/wiki/Commercial_off-the-shelf" title="Commercial off-the-shelf">commercial off-the-shelf</a> (COTS) open mission system (OMS) processor modules with a modular open systems architecture (MOSA) while an <a href="/wiki/Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">agile software development</a> process in conjunction with an orchestration system was implemented to enable faster enhancements from additional vendors. Subsequent software updates have since shifted away from Increment releases developed using the <a href="/wiki/Waterfall_model" title="Waterfall model">waterfall model</a> and instead have been implemented through numbered Releases on an annual basis.<a href="#cite_note-120">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[110]</a> Additional upgrades currently being tested include new sensors and antennas, integration of new weapons including the <a href="/wiki/AIM-260_JATM" title="AIM-260 JATM">AIM-260 JATM</a>, and reliability improvements such as more durable stealth coatings; the dedicated infrared search and track (IRST), originally deleted during Dem/Val, is one of the sensors added.<a href="#cite_note-122">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[112]</a> Other developments include all-aspect IRST functionality for the Missile Launch Detector (MLD), manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T) capability with uncrewed <a href="/wiki/Collaborative_combat_aircraft" title="Collaborative combat aircraft">collaborative combat aircraft</a> (CCA) or "loyal wingmen", and cockpit improvements.<a href="#cite_note-raptorroadmap2019-37">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-F22greenbats-125">[114]</a> To preserve the aircraft's stealth while enabling additional payload and fuel capacity, stealthy external carriage has been investigated since the early-2000s, with a low drag, low-observable 600-gallon external tank and pylon currently under development to increase stealthy combat radius.<a href="#cite_note-Raptor_as_bomber-126">[115]</a> The F-22 has also been used to test technology for its eventual successor from the Next <a href="/wiki/Sixth-generation_fighter" title="Sixth-generation fighter">Generation</a> Air Dominance (NGAD) program; some advances are to be applied to the F-22 as well.<a href="#cite_note-F22_NGAD_tech-127">[116]</a> Not all proposed upgrades have been implemented. The planned <a href="/wiki/Multifunction_Advanced_Data_Link" title="Multifunction Advanced Data Link">Multifunction Advanced Data Link</a> (MADL) integration was cut due to development delays and lack of proliferation. Although the <a href="/wiki/Gentex_(military_contractor)" title="Gentex (military contractor)">Gentex</a>/<a href="/wiki/Raytheon" title="Raytheon">Raytheon</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Thales_Group" title="Thales Group">Thales USA</a>) Scorpion <a href="/wiki/Helmet-mounted_display" title="Helmet-mounted display">helmet-mounted cuing system</a> (HMCS) was successfully tested on the F-22 in 2013, funding cuts prevented its deployment.<a href="#cite_note-128">[117]</a> While Block 20 aircraft from Lot 3 onwards have been upgraded to Block 30/35 under the Common Configuration Plan, Lockheed Martin in 2017 had also proposed upgrading all remaining Block 20 training aircraft to Block 30/35 as well to increase numbers available for combat; this was not pursued due to other budget priorities.<a href="#cite_note-costdata194-67">[56]</a> Aside from capability upgrades, the F-22's structural design and construction was improved over the course of the production run; for instance, aircraft from Lot 3 onwards had improved stabilators built by <a href="/wiki/Vought" title="Vought">Vought</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[119]</a> The fleet underwent a $350 million "structures retrofit program" to resolve problems identified during testing as well as address improper titanium heat treatment in the parts of early batches.<a href="#cite_note-131">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-availability_63%-132">[121]</a> By January 2021, all aircraft had gone through the Structural Repair Program to ensure full service lives for the entire fleet.<a href="#cite_note-133">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-f22-problems-134">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Design">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/F-22_Raptor.ogv/220px--F-22_Raptor.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="282" data-mwtitle="F-22_Raptor.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:F-22_Raptor.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/F-22_Raptor.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/F-22_Raptor.ogv/F-22_Raptor.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/F-22_Raptor.ogv/F-22_Raptor.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/F-22_Raptor.ogv/F-22_Raptor.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video><figcaption>F-22 flight demonstration video</figcaption></figure> The F-22 Raptor (internally designated Configuration 645) is a <a href="/wiki/Fifth-generation_jet_fighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth-generation jet fighter">fifth-generation</a> air superiority fighter that is considered fourth generation in <a href="/wiki/Stealth_aircraft" title="Stealth aircraft">stealth aircraft</a> technology by the USAF.<a href="#cite_note-135">[124]</a> It is the first operational aircraft to combine supercruise, <a href="/wiki/Supermaneuverability" title="Supermaneuverability">supermaneuverability</a>, stealth, and integrated avionics (or sensor fusion) in a single <a href="/wiki/Weapons_platform" title="Weapons platform">weapons platform</a> to enable it to survive and conduct missions, primarily offensive and defensive counter-air operations, in highly contested environments.<a href="#cite_note-f22_factsheet-136">[125]</a> The F-22's shape combines stealth and aerodynamic performance. Planform and panel edges are aligned at common angular aspects and surfaces, also aligned accordingly, have continuous curvature to minimize the aircraft's radar cross-section.<a href="#cite_note-Miller2005P25-27-137">[126]</a> Its clipped diamond-like <a href="/wiki/Delta_wing" title="Delta wing">delta wings</a> have the leading edge swept back 42°, trailing edge swept forward 17°, and a conical camber to reduce supersonic drag. The wings are smoothly blended into the fuselage with four <a href="/wiki/Empennage" title="Empennage">empennage</a> surfaces and <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_extension" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading edge extension">leading edge root extensions</a> running to the upper outboard corner of the caret inlets; the inlets' upper edges also meet the fuselage's forebody chines. Flight control surfaces include <a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_slat" title="Leading-edge slat">leading-edge flaps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flaperon" title="Flaperon">flaperons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aileron" title="Aileron">ailerons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudders</a> on the canted <a href="/wiki/Vertical_stabilizer" title="Vertical stabilizer">vertical stabilizers</a>, and all-moving horizontal tails (<a href="/wiki/Stabilator" title="Stabilator">stabilators</a>); for <a href="/wiki/Air_brake_(aeronautics)" title="Air brake (aeronautics)">speed brake</a> function, the ailerons deflect up, flaperons down, and rudders outwards to increase drag.<a href="#cite_note-138">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-f22_flight_test_update-35">[28]</a> Owing to the focus on supersonic performance, <a href="/wiki/Area_rule" title="Area rule">area rule</a> is applied extensively to the airplane's shape and nearly all of the fuselage volume lies ahead of the wing's trailing edge to reduce drag at supersonic speeds, with the stabilators pivoting from tail booms extending aft of the engine nozzles.<a href="#cite_note-139">[128]</a> Weapons are carried internally in the fuselage for stealth. The aircraft has a refueling boom receptacle centered on its spine and retractable <a href="/wiki/Tricycle_landing_gear" title="Tricycle landing gear">tricycle landing gear</a> as well as an emergency <a href="/wiki/Tailhook" title="Tailhook">tailhook</a>.<a href="#cite_note-f22_flight_test_update-35">[28]</a> Fire suppression system and fuel tank <a href="/wiki/Inerting_system" title="Inerting system">inerting system</a> are installed for survivability.<a href="#cite_note-live_fire_testing-140">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[130]</a> The aircraft's dual <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F119" title="Pratt & Whitney F119">Pratt & Whitney F119</a> augmented <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a> engines are closely spaced and incorporate rectangular two-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Thrust_vectoring" title="Thrust vectoring">thrust vectoring</a> nozzles with a range of ±20 degrees in the <a href="/wiki/Flight_dynamics" title="Flight dynamics">pitch-axis</a>; the nozzles are fully integrated into the F-22's flight controls and vehicle management system. Each engine has dual-redundant <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Standard" title="Hamilton Standard">Hamilton Standard</a> full-authority digital engine control (<a href="/wiki/FADEC" title="FADEC">FADEC</a>) and maximum <a href="/wiki/Thrust" title="Thrust">thrust</a> in the 35,000 <a href="/wiki/Pound-force" class="mw-redirect" title="Pound-force">lbf</a> (156 kN) class. The F-22's <a href="/wiki/Thrust-to-weight_ratio" title="Thrust-to-weight ratio">thrust-to-weight ratio</a> at typical combat weight is nearly at unity in maximum military power and 1.25 in full <a href="/wiki/Afterburner" title="Afterburner">afterburner</a>. The fixed shoulder-mounted <a href="/wiki/Intake_ramp" title="Intake ramp">caret inlets</a> are offset from the forward fuselage to divert the turbulent <a href="/wiki/Boundary_layer" title="Boundary layer">boundary layer</a> and generate oblique shocks with the upper inboard corners to ensure good total pressure recovery and efficient supersonic flow compression.<a href="#cite_note-142">[131]</a> Maximum speed without external stores is approximately <a href="/wiki/Mach_(speed)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mach (speed)">Mach</a> 1.8 in supercruise at military/intermediate power and greater than Mach 2 with afterburners.<a href="#cite_note-145">[N 12]</a> With 18,000 lb (8,165 kg) of internal fuel and an additional 8,000 lb (3,629 kg) in two 600-gallon external tanks, the jet has a ferry range of over 1,600 nmi (1,840 mi; 2,960 km).<a href="#cite_note-AFM-146">[134]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22F119.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rear view of jet aircraft in-flight at dawn/dusk above mountains. Its engines are in full afterburner, evident through the presence of shock diamonds." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/F-22F119.JPG/220px-F-22F119.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/F-22F119.JPG/330px-F-22F119.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/F-22F119.JPG/440px-F-22F119.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>F-22 flying with its <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F119" title="Pratt & Whitney F119">Pratt & Whitney F119</a> engines on full afterburner during testing</figcaption></figure> The F-22's high cruise speed and operating altitude over prior fighters improve the effectiveness of its sensors and weapon systems, and increase survivability against ground defenses such as <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missiles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[136]</a> Its ability to supercruise, or sustain <a href="/wiki/Supersonic_speed" title="Supersonic speed">supersonic</a> flight without using afterburners, allows it to intercept targets that afterburner-dependent aircraft would lack the fuel to reach. The use of internal <a href="/wiki/Bomb_bay" title="Bomb bay">weapons bays</a> permits the aircraft to maintain comparatively higher performance over most other combat-configured fighters due to a lack of <a href="/wiki/Parasitic_drag" title="Parasitic drag">parasitic drag</a> from external stores.<a href="#cite_note-pilotperspective-149">[137]</a> The F-22's thrust and aerodynamics enable regular combat speeds of Mach 1.5 at 50,000 feet (15,000 m), thus providing 50% greater employment range for air-to-air missiles and twice the effective range for JDAMs than with prior platforms.<a href="#cite_note-151">[N 13]</a><a href="#cite_note-af_almanac_200605-152">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[140]</a> Its structure contains a significant amount of high-strength materials to withstand <a href="/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)" title="Stress (mechanics)">stress</a> and heat of sustained supersonic flight. Respectively, <a href="/wiki/Titanium_alloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Titanium alloy">titanium alloys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bismaleimide" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismaleimide">bismaleimide</a>/epoxy composites comprise 42% and 24% of the structural weight; the materials and multiple <a href="/wiki/Structural_load" title="Structural load">load</a> path structural design also enable good ballistic survivability.<a href="#cite_note-154">[N 14]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[142]</a> The airplane's aerodynamics, <a href="/wiki/Relaxed_stability" title="Relaxed stability">relaxed stability</a>, and powerful thrust-vectoring engines give it excellent maneuverability and energy potential across its flight envelope, capable of 9-g maneuvers at takeoff gross weight.<a href="#cite_note-WMOF_JB-144">[133]</a> Its large control surfaces, vortex-generating chines and LERX, and vectoring nozzles provide excellent high alpha (<a href="/wiki/Angle_of_attack" title="Angle of attack">angle of attack</a>) characteristics, and is capable of flying at trimmed alpha of over 60° while maintaining roll control and performing maneuvers such as the <a href="/wiki/Herbst_maneuver" title="Herbst maneuver">Herbst maneuver</a> (J-turn) and <a href="/wiki/Pugachev%27s_Cobra" class="mw-redirect" title="Pugachev's Cobra">Pugachev's Cobra</a>;<a href="#cite_note-avweek_20070107-157">[143]</a> vortex impingement on the vertical tail fins did cause more <a href="/wiki/Buffeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffeting">buffeting</a> than initially anticipated, resulting in the strengthening of the fin structure by changing the rear spar from composite to titanium.<a href="#cite_note-FI_08_Sep_2003-158">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-peron_aoa-159">[145]</a> The computerized triplex-redundant <a href="/wiki/Fly-by-wire" title="Fly-by-wire">fly-by-wire</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_flight_control_system" title="Aircraft flight control system">control system</a> and FADEC make the aircraft highly <a href="/wiki/Departure_resistance" title="Departure resistance">departure resistant</a> and controllable, thus giving the pilot carefree handling.<a href="#cite_note-160">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-pilotperspective-149">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stealth">Stealth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Stealth">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F_22_raptor_bomb_bay_display_2014_Reno_Air_Races_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/F_22_raptor_bomb_bay_display_2014_Reno_Air_Races_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/220px-F_22_raptor_bomb_bay_display_2014_Reno_Air_Races_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/F_22_raptor_bomb_bay_display_2014_Reno_Air_Races_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/330px-F_22_raptor_bomb_bay_display_2014_Reno_Air_Races_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/F_22_raptor_bomb_bay_display_2014_Reno_Air_Races_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/440px-F_22_raptor_bomb_bay_display_2014_Reno_Air_Races_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4235" data-file-height="2829" /></a><figcaption>For stealth, the F-22 carries weapons in internal bays. The doors for the center and side bays are open; the six LAU-142/A AMRAAM Vertical Eject Launchers (AVEL) are visible.</figcaption></figure> The F-22 was designed to be highly difficult to detect and track by radar, with radio waves reflected, <a href="/wiki/Scattering" title="Scattering">scattered</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Diffraction" title="Diffraction">diffracted</a> away from the emitter source towards specific sectors, or absorbed and attenuated. Measures to reduce RCS include airframe shaping such as alignment of edges and continuous curvature of surfaces, internal carriage of weapons, fixed-geometry <a href="/wiki/S-duct" title="S-duct">serpentine inlets</a> and curved vanes that prevent line-of-sight of the engine fan faces and turbines from any exterior view, use of <a href="/wiki/Radar-absorbent_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Radar-absorbent material">radar-absorbent material</a> (RAM), and attention to detail such as hinges and pilot helmets that could provide a radar return.<a href="#cite_note-Miller2005P25-27-137">[126]</a> The F-22 was also designed to have decreased radio frequency emissions, <a href="/wiki/Infrared_signature" title="Infrared signature">infrared signature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_signature" title="Acoustic signature">acoustic signature</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_camouflage" title="Aircraft camouflage">reduced visibility to the naked eye</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[147]</a> The aircraft's rectangular thrust-vectoring nozzles flatten the exhaust plume and facilitate its mixing with ambient air through <a href="/wiki/Vortex_shedding" title="Vortex shedding">shed vortices</a>, which reduces infrared emissions to mitigate the threat of <a href="/wiki/Infrared_homing" title="Infrared homing">infrared homing</a> ("heat seeking") surface-to-air or <a href="/wiki/Air-to-air_missile" title="Air-to-air missile">air-to-air missiles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[149]</a> Additional measures to reduce the infrared signature include special topcoat and <a href="/wiki/Regenerative_cooling" title="Regenerative cooling">active cooling</a> to manage the heat buildup from supersonic flight.<a href="#cite_note-164">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miller2005P25-27-137">[126]</a> Compared to previous stealth designs, the F-22 is less reliant on RAM, which are maintenance-intensive and susceptible to adverse weather conditions, and can undergo repairs on the flight line or in a normal hangar without climate control. The F-22 incorporates a Signature Assessment System which delivers warnings when the radar signature is degraded and necessitates repair.<a href="#cite_note-avweek_20070107-157">[143]</a> While the F-22's exact RCS is <a href="/wiki/Classified_information_in_the_United_States" title="Classified information in the United States">classified</a>, in 2009 Lockheed Martin released information indicating that from certain angles the airplane has an RCS of 0.0001 m2 or −40 <a href="/wiki/Decibel#Radar" title="Decibel">dBsm</a> – equivalent to the radar reflection of a "steel marble"; the aircraft can mount a <a href="/wiki/Luneburg_lens" title="Luneburg lens">Luneburg lens</a> reflector to mask its RCS.<a href="#cite_note-f22-paris-165">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[152]</a> For missions where stealth is required, the <a href="/wiki/Availability" title="Availability">mission capable rate</a> is 62–70%.<a href="#cite_note-168">[N 15]</a> Beginning in 2021, the F-22 has been seen testing a new chrome-like surface coating, speculated to help reduce the F-22's detectability by infrared tracking systems.<a href="#cite_note-169">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[155]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_(09-4191)_arrives_at_the_2016_RIAT_Fairford_7Jul2016_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_%2809-4191%29_arrives_at_the_2016_RIAT_Fairford_7Jul2016_arp.jpg/220px-Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_%2809-4191%29_arrives_at_the_2016_RIAT_Fairford_7Jul2016_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_%2809-4191%29_arrives_at_the_2016_RIAT_Fairford_7Jul2016_arp.jpg/330px-Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_%2809-4191%29_arrives_at_the_2016_RIAT_Fairford_7Jul2016_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_%2809-4191%29_arrives_at_the_2016_RIAT_Fairford_7Jul2016_arp.jpg/440px-Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_%2809-4191%29_arrives_at_the_2016_RIAT_Fairford_7Jul2016_arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5562" data-file-height="3708" /></a><figcaption>Front fuselage detail of an F-22</figcaption></figure> The effectiveness of the stealth characteristics is difficult to gauge. The RCS value is a restrictive measurement of the aircraft's frontal or side area from the perspective of a static radar. When an aircraft maneuvers it exposes a completely different set of angles and surface area, potentially increasing radar observability. Furthermore, the F-22's stealth contouring and radar-absorbent materials are chiefly effective against high-frequency radars, usually found on other aircraft. The effects of <a href="/wiki/Rayleigh_scattering" title="Rayleigh scattering">Rayleigh scattering</a> and resonance mean that <a href="/wiki/Low-frequency_radar" title="Low-frequency radar">low-frequency radars</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Weather_radar" title="Weather radar">weather radars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early-warning_radar" title="Early-warning radar">early-warning radars</a> are more likely to detect the F-22 due to its physical size. These are also conspicuous, susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Clutter_(radar)" title="Clutter (radar)">clutter</a>, and have low precision.<a href="#cite_note-171">[156]</a> Additionally, while faint or fleeting radar contacts make defenders aware that a stealth aircraft is present, reliably vectoring interception to attack the aircraft is much more challenging.<a href="#cite_note-172">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avionics">Avionics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Avionics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_put_out_Flare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/F-22_put_out_Flare.jpg/220px-F-22_put_out_Flare.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/F-22_put_out_Flare.jpg/330px-F-22_put_out_Flare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/F-22_put_out_Flare.jpg/440px-F-22_put_out_Flare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1996" /></a><figcaption>An F-22 releases a flare during a training flight</figcaption></figure> The aircraft has an integrated avionics system where through sensor fusion, data from all onboard sensor systems as well as off-board inputs are filtered and processed into a combined tactical picture, thus enhancing the pilot's <a href="/wiki/Situational_awareness" class="mw-redirect" title="Situational awareness">situational awareness</a> and reducing workload. Key mission systems include <a href="/wiki/Sanders_Associates" title="Sanders Associates">Sanders</a>/General Electric AN/ALR-94 electronic warfare system, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Marietta" title="Martin Marietta">Martin Marietta</a> AN/AAR-56 <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> <a href="/wiki/Missile_Approach_Warning" class="mw-redirect" title="Missile Approach Warning">Missile Launch Detector</a> (MLD), <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Electronic_Systems" title="Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems">Westinghouse</a>/<a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a> <a href="/wiki/AN/APG-77" title="AN/APG-77">AN/APG-77</a> <a href="/wiki/Active_electronically_scanned_array" title="Active electronically scanned array">active electronically scanned array</a> (AESA) radar, <a href="/wiki/TRW_Inc." title="TRW Inc.">TRW</a> Communication/Navigation/Identification (CNI) suite, and <a href="/wiki/Raytheon" title="Raytheon">Raytheon</a> advanced <a href="/wiki/Infrared_search_and_track" title="Infrared search and track">infrared search and track</a> (IRST) currently being tested.<a href="#cite_note-F22greenbats-125">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[160]</a> The APG-77 radar has a low-observable, active-aperture, electronically scanned antenna with multiple target <a href="/wiki/Track-while-scan" class="mw-redirect" title="Track-while-scan">track-while-scan</a> in all weather conditions; the antenna is tilted back for stealth. Its emissions can be focused to overload enemy sensors as an <a href="/wiki/Radar_jamming_and_deception" title="Radar jamming and deception">electronic-attack capability</a>. The radar changes frequencies more than 1,000 times per second to <a href="/wiki/Low_probability_of_intercept_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Low probability of intercept radar">lower interception probability</a> and has an estimated range of 125–150 mi (201–241 km) against an 11 sq ft (1 m2) target and 250 mi (400 km) or more in narrow beams. The upgraded APG-77(V)1 provides air-to-ground functionality through synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mapping, <a href="/wiki/Moving_target_indication" title="Moving target indication">ground moving target indication/track</a> (GMTI/GMTT), and strike modes.<a href="#cite_note-apg77v1fi-113">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-avweek_20070107-157">[143]</a> Alongside the radar is the ALR-94 electronic warfare system, among the most technically complex equipment on the F-22, that integrates more than 30 antennas blended into the wings and fuselage for all-round <a href="/wiki/Radar_warning_receiver" title="Radar warning receiver">radar warning receiver</a> (RWR) coverage and threat geolocation. It can be used as a passive detector capable of searching targets at ranges (250+ <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a>) exceeding the radar's, and can provide enough information for a radar lock and cue emissions to a <a href="/wiki/Pencil_(optics)" title="Pencil (optics)">narrow beam</a> (down to 2° by 2° in azimuth and elevation). Depending on the detected threat, the defensive systems can prompt the pilot to release countermeasures such as flares or chaff. The MLD uses six sensors to provide <a href="/wiki/All-aspect" title="All-aspect">full spherical</a> infrared coverage while the advanced IRST, housed in a stealthy wing pod, is a narrow field-of-view sensor for long-range passive identification and targeting.<a href="#cite_note-mld-176">[161]</a> To ensure stealth in the radio frequency spectrum, CNI emissions are strictly controlled and confined to specific sectors, with tactical communication between F-22s performed using the directional Inter/Intra-Flight Data Link (IFDL); the integrated CNI system also manages <a href="/wiki/TACAN" class="mw-redirect" title="TACAN">TACAN</a>, IFF (including <a href="/wiki/Aviation_transponder_interrogation_modes" title="Aviation transponder interrogation modes">Mode 5</a> through the MIDS-JTRS terminal), and communication through <a href="/wiki/HAVE_QUICK" class="mw-redirect" title="HAVE QUICK">HAVE QUICK</a>/SATURN, <a href="/wiki/SINCGARS" title="SINCGARS">SINCGARS</a> and <a href="/wiki/JTIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="JTIDS">JTIDS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-fighter_EW_next-178">[163]</a> The aircraft has also been upgraded to incorporate an automatic ground collision avoidance system (GCAS).<a href="#cite_note-179">[164]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CIP_F-22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/CIP_F-22.jpg/220px-CIP_F-22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/CIP_F-22.jpg/330px-CIP_F-22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/CIP_F-22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>A CIP unit for the F-22</figcaption></figure> Information from radar, CNI, and other sensors are processed by two <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Electronics" title="Hughes Electronics">Hughes</a> Common Integrated Processor (CIP) mission computers, each capable of processing up to 10.5 billion <a href="/wiki/Instructions_per_second" title="Instructions per second">instructions per second</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[166]</a> The F-22's baseline software has some 1.7 million <a href="/wiki/Source_lines_of_code" title="Source lines of code">lines of code</a>, the majority involving the mission systems such as processing radar data.<a href="#cite_note-182">[167]</a> The highly integrated nature of the avionics architecture system, as well as the use of the programming language <a href="/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)" title="Ada (programming language)">Ada</a>,<a href="#cite_note-184">[N 16]</a> has made the development and testing of upgrades challenging. To enable more rapid upgrades, the CIPs were upgraded with <a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright" title="Curtiss-Wright">Curtiss-Wright</a> open mission systems (OMS) processor modules as well as a modular open systems architecture called the Open Systems Enclave (OSE) orchestration platform to allow the avionics suite to interface with <a href="/wiki/Containerization_(computing)" title="Containerization (computing)">containerized</a> software from third-party vendors.<a href="#cite_note-raptorroadmap2019-37">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[169]</a> The F-22's ability to operate close to the battlefield gives the aircraft threat detection and identification capability comparative with the <a href="/wiki/Rivet_Joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivet Joint">RC-135 Rivet Joint</a>, and the ability to function as a "mini-<a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">AWACS</a>", though its radar is less powerful than those of dedicated platforms. This allows the F-22 to rapidly designate targets for allies and coordinate friendly aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-avweek_20070107-157">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[170]</a> Although communication with other aircraft types was initially limited to voice, upgrades have enabled data to be transferred through a <a href="/wiki/Battlefield_Airborne_Communications_Node" title="Battlefield Airborne Communications Node">Battlefield Airborne Communications Node</a> (BACN) or via <a href="/wiki/Link_16" title="Link 16">Link 16</a> traffic through MIDS-JTRS.<a href="#cite_note-mids-j-119">[108]</a> The <a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE 1394</a>B <a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">bus</a> developed for the F-22 was derived from the commercial IEEE 1394 "FireWire" bus system.<a href="#cite_note-avweek_20070205-187">[171]</a> In 2007, the F-22's radar was tested as a wireless data transceiver, transmitting data at 548 megabits per second and receiving at gigabit speed, far faster than the Link 16 system.<a href="#cite_note-188">[172]</a> The radio frequency receivers of the electronic support measures (ESM) system give the aircraft the ability to perform <a href="/wiki/Intelligence,_surveillance,_and_reconnaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance">intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance</a> (ISR) tasks.<a href="#cite_note-189">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cockpit">Cockpit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cockpit">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22-raptor-16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/F-22-raptor-16.jpg/220px-F-22-raptor-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/F-22-raptor-16.jpg/330px-F-22-raptor-16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/F-22-raptor-16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>Cockpit of the F-22, showing instruments, head-up display and throttle top (lower left)</figcaption></figure> The F-22 has a <a href="/wiki/Glass_cockpit" title="Glass cockpit">glass cockpit</a> with all-digital flight instruments. The monochrome <a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">head-up display</a> offers a wide field of view and serves as a primary <a href="/wiki/Flight_instrument" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight instrument">flight instrument</a>; information is also displayed upon six color <a href="/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">liquid-crystal display</a> (LCD) panels.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_p10-191">[175]</a> The primary flight controls are a force-sensitive <a href="/wiki/Side-stick" title="Side-stick">side-stick</a> controller and a pair of throttles. The USAF initially wanted to implement <a href="/wiki/Direct_voice_input" title="Direct voice input">direct voice input</a> (DVI) controls, but this was judged to be too technically risky and was abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-192">[176]</a> The canopy's dimensions are approximately 140 inches long, 45 inches wide, and 27 inches tall (355 cm × 115 cm × 69 cm) and weighs 360 pounds.<a href="#cite_note-LMBrettSHaisty-193">[177]</a> The canopy was redesigned after the original design lasted an average of 331 hours instead of the required 800 hours.<a href="#cite_note-hatch.senate.gov-87">[76]</a> The F-22 has integrated radio functionality, the signal processing systems are virtualized rather than as a separate hardware module.<a href="#cite_note-194">[178]</a> The integrated control panel (ICP) is a keypad system for entering communications, navigation, and autopilot data. Two 3 in × 4 in (7.6 cm × 10.2 cm) up-front displays located around the ICP are used to display integrated caution advisory/warning (ICAW) data, CNI data and also serve as the stand-by flight instrumentation group and fuel quantity indicator for redundancy.<a href="#cite_note-MoirSeabridge-195">[179]</a> The stand-by flight group displays an <a href="/wiki/Artificial_horizon" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial horizon">artificial horizon</a>, for basic <a href="/wiki/Instrument_meteorological_conditions" title="Instrument meteorological conditions">instrument meteorological conditions</a>. The 8 in × 8 in (20 cm × 20 cm) <a href="/wiki/Multi-function_display" title="Multi-function display">primary multi-function display</a> (PMFD) is located under the ICP, and is used for navigation and situation assessment. Three 6.25 in × 6.25 in (15.9 cm × 15.9 cm) secondary multi-function displays are located around the PMFD for tactical information and stores management.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_p11-196">[180]</a> The ejection seat is a version of the ACES II commonly used in USAF aircraft, with a center-mounted ejection control.<a href="#cite_note-197">[181]</a> The F-22 has a complex <a href="/wiki/Life_support_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Life support system">life support system</a>, which includes the onboard oxygen generation system (OBOGS), protective pilot garments, and a breathing regulator/anti-g (BRAG) valve controlling flow and pressure to the pilot's mask and garments. The pilot garments were developed under the Advanced Technology Anti-G Suit (ATAGS) project and protect against chemical/biological hazards and <a href="/wiki/Water_landing" title="Water landing">cold-water immersion</a>, counter <a href="/wiki/G-force" title="G-force">g-forces</a> and low pressure at high altitudes, and provide thermal relief.<a href="#cite_note-ATAGSRichardsonS-198">[182]</a> Following a series of hypoxia-related issues, the life support system was consequently revised to include an automatic backup oxygen system and a new flight vest valve.<a href="#cite_note-resume-op-116">[105]</a> In combat environments, the ejection seat includes a modified <a href="/wiki/M4_carbine" title="M4 carbine">M4 carbine</a> designated the GAU-5/A.<a href="#cite_note-199">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armament">Armament</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Armament">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_GBU39B_AIM-120_m02006120800117.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/F-22_GBU39B_AIM-120_m02006120800117.jpg/220px-F-22_GBU39B_AIM-120_m02006120800117.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/F-22_GBU39B_AIM-120_m02006120800117.jpg/330px-F-22_GBU39B_AIM-120_m02006120800117.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/F-22_GBU39B_AIM-120_m02006120800117.jpg/440px-F-22_GBU39B_AIM-120_m02006120800117.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>One <a href="/wiki/AIM-120_AMRAAM" title="AIM-120 AMRAAM">AIM-120 AMRAAM</a> (right) and four <a href="/wiki/GBU-39_Small_Diameter_Bomb" title="GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb">GBU-39 SDB</a> (left) fitted in the main weapons bay of an F-22</figcaption></figure> The F-22 has three internal weapons bays: a large main bay on the bottom of the fuselage, and two smaller bays on the sides of the fuselage, aft of the engine inlets; a small bay for countermeasures such as flares is located behind each side bay.<a href="#cite_note-200">[184]</a> The main bay is split along the centerline and can accommodate six LAU-142/A launchers for beyond-visual-range (BVR) missiles and each side bay has an LAU-141/A launcher for short-range missiles. The primary air-to-air missiles are the <a href="/wiki/AIM-120_AMRAAM" title="AIM-120 AMRAAM">AIM-120 AMRAAM</a> and the <a href="/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9 Sidewinder</a>, with planned integration of the <a href="/wiki/AIM-260_JATM" title="AIM-260 JATM">AIM-260 JATM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[185]</a> Missile launches require the bay doors to be open for less than a second, during which pneumatic or hydraulic arms push missiles clear of the aircraft; this is to reduce vulnerability to detection and to deploy missiles during high-speed flight.<a href="#cite_note-202">[186]</a> An internally mounted <a href="/wiki/M61_Vulcan" title="M61 Vulcan">M61A2 Vulcan</a> 20 mm <a href="/wiki/Rotary_cannon" title="Rotary cannon">rotary cannon</a> is embedded in the airplane's right wing root with the <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_(firearms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzzle (firearms)">muzzle</a> covered by a retractable door.<a href="#cite_note-Miller_2005_p94-203">[187]</a> The radar projection of the cannon fire's path is displayed on the pilot's head-up display.<a href="#cite_note-204">[188]</a> Although designed for air-to-air missiles, the main bay can replace four launchers with two bomb racks that can each carry one 1,000 lb (450 kg) or four 250 lb (110 kg) bombs for a total of 2,000 pounds (910 kg) of air-to-surface ordnance.<a href="#cite_note-Polmar-205">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-f22_factsheet-136">[125]</a> In 2024, Lockheed Martin disclosed its proposed <a href="/wiki/Mako_(missile)" title="Mako (missile)">Mako</a> <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic_speed" title="Hypersonic speed">hypersonic</a> missile, a 1,300 lb (590 kg) weapon that can be carried internally in the F-22.<a href="#cite_note-206">[190]</a> While capable of carrying weapons with GPS guidance such as JDAMs and SDBs, the F-22 cannot self-designate laser-guided weapons.<a href="#cite_note-DefIndDaily-207">[191]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_AIM-120.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/F-22_AIM-120.jpg/220px-F-22_AIM-120.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/F-22_AIM-120.jpg/330px-F-22_AIM-120.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/F-22_AIM-120.jpg/440px-F-22_AIM-120.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>F-22 with external weapons pylons</figcaption></figure> While the F-22 typically carries weapons internally, the wings include four <a href="/wiki/Hardpoint" title="Hardpoint">hardpoints</a>, each rated to handle 5,000 lb (2,300 kg). Each hardpoint can accommodate a pylon that can carry a detachable 600-<a href="/wiki/Gallon" title="Gallon">gallon</a> (2,270 L) external fuel tank or a launcher holding two air-to-air missiles; the two inboard hardpoints are "plumbed" for external fuel tanks. The two outboard hardpoints have since been dedicated to a pair of stealthy pods housing the IRST and mission systems. The aircraft can jettison external tanks and their pylon attachments to restore its low observable characteristics and <a href="/wiki/Kinematics" title="Kinematics">kinematic</a> performance.<a href="#cite_note-208">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maintenance">Maintenance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Maintenance">edit</a>]</div> Each F-22 requires a three-week packaged maintenance plan (PMP) every 300 flight hours.<a href="#cite_note-tyndalltraining-209">[193]</a> Its stealth coatings were designed to be more robust and weather-resistant than those of earlier stealth aircraft,<a href="#cite_note-avweek_20070107-157">[143]</a> yet early coatings failed against rain and moisture when F-22s were initially posted to <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-210">[194]</a> Stealth measures account for almost one third of maintenance, with coatings being particularly demanding.<a href="#cite_note-211">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-raptorroadmap2019-37">[30]</a> F-22 depot maintenance is performed at Ogden Air Logistics Complex at <a href="/wiki/Hill_Air_Force_Base" title="Hill Air Force Base">Hill AFB</a>, Utah; considerable care is taken during maintenance due to the small fleet size and limited attrition reserve.<a href="#cite_note-212">[196]</a> F-22s were available for missions 63% of the time on average in 2015, up from 40% when it was introduced in 2005. Maintenance hours per flight hour was also improved from 30 early on to 10.5 by 2009, lower than the requirement of 12; man-hours per flight hour was 43 in 2014. When introduced, the F-22 had a Mean Time Between Maintenance (MTBM) of 1.7 hours, short of the required 3.0; this rose to 3.2 hours in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-hatch.senate.gov-87">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-availability_63%-132">[121]</a> By fiscal year 2015, the cost per flight hour was $59,116, while the user reimbursement rate was approximately US$35,000 (~$41,145 in 2023) per flight hour in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-F22cost2019-213">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Operational history">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Designation_and_testing">Designation and testing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Designation and testing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Usaf.kc135.750pix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rear/starboard view of aerial refueling tanker transferring fuel to a jet fighter via a long boom. The two aircraft are slightly banking left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Usaf.kc135.750pix.jpg/220px-Usaf.kc135.750pix.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Usaf.kc135.750pix.jpg/330px-Usaf.kc135.750pix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Usaf.kc135.750pix.jpg/440px-Usaf.kc135.750pix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1273" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>An EMD F-22 refuels from a <a href="/wiki/KC-135_Stratotanker" class="mw-redirect" title="KC-135 Stratotanker">KC-135</a> during testing; the attachment on the back top is for a spin recovery chute</figcaption></figure> The YF-22 was originally given the unofficial name "Lightning II", from the World War II <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">Lockheed P-38 Lightning</a> fighter which persisted until the mid-1990s, when the USAF officially named the F-22 "Raptor". The "Lightning II" name was later given to the F-35. The aircraft was also briefly dubbed "SuperStar" and "Rapier".<a href="#cite_note-215">[199]</a> In September 2002, USAF changed the Raptor's designation to F/A-22, mimicking the Navy's <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet</a> and intended to highlight a planned ground-attack capability amid debate over the aircraft's role and relevance. The F-22 designation was reinstated in December 2005, when the aircraft entered service.<a href="#cite_note-f22_factsheet-136">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-afp_20051205-216">[200]</a> The F-22 flight test program consisted of flight sciences, developmental test (DT), and initial operational test and evaluation (IOT&E) by the <a href="/wiki/411th_Flight_Test_Squadron" title="411th Flight Test Squadron">411th Flight Test Squadron</a> at Edwards AFB, California, as well as follow-on OT&E and development of tactics and operational employment by the <a href="/wiki/422nd_Test_and_Evaluation_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="422nd Test and Evaluation Squadron">422nd Test and Evaluation Squadron</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nellis_Air_Force_Base" title="Nellis Air Force Base">Nellis AFB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>. Flight testing began in 1997 with Raptor 4001, the first Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) F-22, and eight more EMD jets assigned to the 411th FLTS would participate in the test program under the Combined Test Force (CTF) at Edwards. The first two aircraft conducted envelope expansion testing such as flying qualities, air vehicle performance, propulsion, and stores separation. The third aircraft, the first to have production-level internal structure, tested flight loads, flutter, and JDAM separation, while two non-flying F-22s were built for testing static loads and fatigue. Subsequent EMD aircraft and the Boeing 757 FTB tested avionics, CNI, environmental qualifications, and observables, with the first combat-capable Block 3.0 software flying in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-f22_b3.0-217">[201]</a> Air vehicle testing resulted in several structural design modifications and retrofits for earlier lots, including tail fin strengthening to resolve buffeting at certain angles of attack.<a href="#cite_note-availability_63%-132">[121]</a> Raptor 4001 was retired from flight testing in 2000 and subsequently sent to Wright-Patterson AFB for survivability testing, including live fire testing and battle damage repair training.<a href="#cite_note-f22milestones-218">[202]</a> Other retired EMD F-22s have been used as maintenance trainers.<a href="#cite_note-3.2A_test-219">[203]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_CRIIS_Edwards.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/F-22_CRIIS_Edwards.png/220px-F-22_CRIIS_Edwards.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/F-22_CRIIS_Edwards.png/330px-F-22_CRIIS_Edwards.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/F-22_CRIIS_Edwards.png/440px-F-22_CRIIS_Edwards.png 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>An EMD F-22 of the 411th FLTS flies over Edwards Air Force Base, California, in 2018</figcaption></figure> The F-22's sophistication and numerous technological innovations required extensive testing that would result in repeated delays, particularly from the mission avionics. While the first production aircraft was delivered to Edwards in October 2002 for IOT&E and the first aircraft for the 422nd TES at Nellis arrived in January 2003, IOT&E was continually pushed back from its planned start in mid-2003, with mission avionics stability being particularly challenging.<a href="#cite_note-221">[N 17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FI_08_Sep_2003-158">[144]</a> Following a preliminary assessment, called OT&E Phase 1, formal IOT&E began in April 2004 and was completed in December of that year. This milestone marked the successful demonstration of the jet's air-to-air mission capability, although the jet was more maintenance intensive than expected.<a href="#cite_note-Miller2005pp64-65-220">[204]</a> A Follow-On OT&E (FOT&E) in 2005 cleared the F-22's air-to-ground mission capability.<a href="#cite_note-222">[205]</a> Delivery of operational aircraft for pilot training at <a href="/wiki/Tyndall_Air_Force_Base" title="Tyndall Air Force Base">Tyndall AFB</a>, Florida began in September 2003, and the first combat ready F-22 of the 1st Fighter Wing arrived at <a href="/wiki/Langley_Air_Force_Base" title="Langley Air Force Base">Langley AFB</a>, Virginia in January 2005. By the completion of EMD in December 2005, the test force had flown 3,496 sorties for over 7,600 flight hours.<a href="#cite_note-f22milestones-218">[202]</a> As the F-22 was designed for upgrades throughout its lifecycle, the 411th FLTS and 422nd TES would continue the DT/OT&E and tactics development of these upgrades. The 411th FLTS' fleet was further augmented by a dedicated Block 30 test aircraft in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-3.2A_test-219">[203]</a> In August 2008, an unmodified F-22 of the 411th FLTS performed the first ever air-to-air refueling of an aircraft using synthetic jet fuel as part of a wider USAF effort to qualify aircraft to use the fuel, a 50/50 mix of <a href="/wiki/JP-8" title="JP-8">JP-8</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Fischer%E2%80%93Tropsch_process" title="Fischer–Tropsch process">Fischer–Tropsch process</a>-produced, natural gas-based fuel.<a href="#cite_note-223">[206]</a> In 2011, an F-22 flew supersonic on a 50% mixture of biofuel derived from <a href="/wiki/Camelina" title="Camelina">camelina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training">Training</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Training">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-15_and_F-22.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/F-15_and_F-22.JPG/220px-F-15_and_F-22.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/F-15_and_F-22.JPG/330px-F-15_and_F-22.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/F-15_and_F-22.JPG/440px-F-15_and_F-22.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3159" data-file-height="1912" /></a><figcaption>2005: An F-22 of the <a href="/wiki/43rd_Fighter_Squadron" title="43rd Fighter Squadron">43rd Fighter Squadron</a> flies alongside an <a href="/wiki/F-15" class="mw-redirect" title="F-15">F-15</a> of the <a href="/wiki/27th_Fighter_Squadron" title="27th Fighter Squadron">27th Fighter Squadron</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/43rd_Fighter_Squadron" title="43rd Fighter Squadron">43rd Fighter Squadron</a> was reactivated in 2002 as the F-22 Formal Training Unit (FTU) for the type's basic course at Tyndall AFB. Following severe damage to the installation in the wake of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Michael" title="Hurricane Michael">Hurricane Michael</a> in 2018, the squadron and its aircraft were relocated to nearby Eglin AFB; although it was initially feared that several jets were lost due to storm damage, all were later repaired and flown out.<a href="#cite_note-225">[208]</a> The FTU and its aircraft were reassigned to the <a href="/wiki/71st_Fighter_Squadron" title="71st Fighter Squadron">71st Fighter Squadron</a> at Langley AFB in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-226">[209]</a> As of 2014, B-Course students require 38 sorties to graduate (previously 43 sorties). Track 1 course pilots, pilots retraining from other aircraft, also saw a reduction in the number of sorties needed to graduate, from 19 to 12 sorties.<a href="#cite_note-227">[210]</a> F-22 students are first trained on the <a href="/wiki/Northrop_T-38_Talon" title="Northrop T-38 Talon">T-38 Talon</a> trainer aircraft. Additional pilot training takes place on the F-16 because the aging T-38 is not rated to sustain higher G-forces and lacks modern avionics.<a href="#cite_note-228">[211]</a> Due to a lack of a modern trainer stand-in that can accurately emulate the F-22, the Air Force often uses F-22s to supplement training, which is costly as the F-22 costs almost 10 times more than the T-38 per flight hour.<a href="#cite_note-229">[212]</a> The upcoming <a href="/wiki/Boeing%E2%80%93Saab_T-7_Red_Hawk" title="Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk">T-7 Red Hawk</a> features modern avionics that better approximate those of the F-22 and F-35.<a href="#cite_note-230">[213]</a> This is scheduled to enter initial operating capability in 2027, several years behind schedule.<a href="#cite_note-231">[214]</a> In 2014 the Air Force stood up the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Fighter_Training_Squadron" title="2nd Fighter Training Squadron">2nd Fighter Training Squadron</a> at Tyndall AFB which was equipped with T-38s to serve as <a href="/wiki/Aggressor_squadron" title="Aggressor squadron">adversary aircraft</a> to reduce adversary training flights on the F-22s.<a href="#cite_note-232">[215]</a> To reduce operating costs and prolong the F-22's service life, some pilot training sorties are performed using flight simulators.<a href="#cite_note-tyndalltraining-209">[193]</a> The advanced F-22 weapons instructor course at <a href="/wiki/USAF_Weapons_School" title="USAF Weapons School">USAF Weapons School</a> is conducted by the <a href="/wiki/433rd_Weapons_Squadron" title="433rd Weapons Squadron">433rd Weapons Squadron</a> at Nellis AFB.<a href="#cite_note-433d_Weapons_Squadron.-233">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Introduction_into_service">Introduction into service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Introduction into service">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aircraft_Combat_Archer_(2565196807).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jet fighter flying above a streaking missile, which had moments earlier been released by the former." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aircraft_Combat_Archer_%282565196807%29.jpg/220px-Aircraft_Combat_Archer_%282565196807%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aircraft_Combat_Archer_%282565196807%29.jpg/330px-Aircraft_Combat_Archer_%282565196807%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aircraft_Combat_Archer_%282565196807%29.jpg/440px-Aircraft_Combat_Archer_%282565196807%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1663" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption>An F-22 fires an AIM-120 AMRAAM</figcaption></figure> In December 2005, the USAF announced that the F-22 had achieved Initial Operational Capability (IOC) with the 94th Fighter Squadron.<a href="#cite_note-Tyndall2-234">[217]</a> The unit subsequently participated in <a href="/wiki/Exercise_Northern_Edge" title="Exercise Northern Edge">Exercise Northern Edge</a> 06 in Alaska in June 2006 and Exercise <a href="/wiki/Red_Flag_(USAF)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Flag (USAF)">Red Flag</a> 07–2 at Nellis AFB in February 2007, where it demonstrated the F-22's greatly increased air combat capabilities when flying against Red Force <a href="/wiki/Aggressor_squadron" title="Aggressor squadron">Aggressor</a> F-15s and F-16s with a simulated kill ratio of 108–0. These large force exercises also further refined the F-22's operational tactics and employment.<a href="#cite_note-afpn_20060623_ad-54">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-flag-235">[218]</a> The F-22 achieved Full Operational Capability (FOC) in December 2007, when General <a href="/wiki/John_D._W._Corley" title="John D. W. Corley">John Corley</a> of <a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">Air Combat Command</a> (ACC) officially declared the F-22s of the integrated active duty <a href="/wiki/1st_Fighter_Wing" title="1st Fighter Wing">1st Fighter Wing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Air_National_Guard" title="Virginia Air National Guard">Virginia Air National Guard</a> <a href="/wiki/192d_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="192d Fighter Wing">192d Fighter Wing</a> fully operational.<a href="#cite_note-236">[219]</a> This was followed by an Operational Readiness Inspection (ORI) of the integrated wing in April 2008, in which it was rated "excellent" in all categories, with a simulated kill-ratio of 221–0.<a href="#cite_note-237">[220]</a> The fielding of the F-22 with its precision strike capability also contributed to the retirement of the F-117 from operational service in 2008, with the <a href="/wiki/49th_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="49th Fighter Wing">49th Fighter Wing</a> operating the F-22 for a brief period prior to a series of fleet consolidations to reduce long term operational costs;<a href="#cite_note-238">[221]</a> further consolidations to improve availability and pilot training were recommended by the Government Accountability Office in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-239">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_operational_problems">Initial operational problems</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Initial operational problems">edit</a>]</div> During the initial years of service, F-22 pilots experienced symptoms as a result of oxygen system issues that include loss of consciousness, memory loss, <a href="/wiki/Emotional_lability" title="Emotional lability">emotional lability</a> and neurological changes as well as lingering respiratory problems and a chronic cough; the issues resulted in a fatal mishap in 2010 and four-month grounding in 2011 and subsequent altitude and distance flight restrictions.<a href="#cite_note-Cox-240">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBS_60min-241">[224]</a> In August 2012, the DoD found that the BRAG valve, which inflated the pilot's vest during high-g maneuvers, was defective and restricted breathing and the OBOGS (onboard oxygen generation system) unexpectedly fluctuated oxygen levels at high g.<a href="#cite_note-242">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[226]</a> A Raptor Aeromedical Working Group had recommended changes in 2005 regarding oxygen supply that were unfunded but received further consideration in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-244">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[228]</a> The F-22 CTF and 412th Aerospace Medicine Squadron eventually determined breathing restrictions as the root cause; coughing symptoms were attributed to acceleration <a href="/wiki/Atelectasis" title="Atelectasis">atelectasis</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[N 18]</a> from high g exposure and OBOGS delivering <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity" title="Oxygen toxicity">excessive oxygen concentration</a>. The presence of toxins and particles in some ground crew was deemed unrelated.<a href="#cite_note-physio-247">[229]</a> Modifications to the life support and oxygen systems, including the installation of an automatic backup, allowed altitude and distance restrictions to be lifted in April 2013.<a href="#cite_note-248">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operational_service">Operational service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Operational service">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raptor_and_TU-95.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aerial port view of two aircraft in flight, one on top of the other. The bottom aircraft is a four-engined propeller-driven aircraft, which is escorted by a jet fighter." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Raptor_and_TU-95.jpg/220px-Raptor_and_TU-95.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Raptor_and_TU-95.jpg/330px-Raptor_and_TU-95.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Raptor_and_TU-95.jpg/440px-Raptor_and_TU-95.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>An F-22 from Elmendorf AFB, Alaska, intercepting a Russian <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tupolev Tu-95</a> bomber near American airspace </figcaption></figure> Following IOC and large-scale exercises, the F-22 flew its first homeland defense mission in January 2007 under <a href="/wiki/Operation_Noble_Eagle" title="Operation Noble Eagle">Operation Noble Eagle</a>. In November 2007, F-22s of 90th Fighter Squadron at <a href="/wiki/Elmendorf_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Elmendorf AFB">Elmendorf AFB</a>, Alaska, performed their first <a href="/wiki/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Aerospace Defense Command">North American Aerospace Defense Command</a> (NORAD) interception of two Russian <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tu-95MS</a> bombers.<a href="#cite_note-249">[231]</a> Since then, F-22s have also escorted probing <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tu-160</a> bombers.<a href="#cite_note-250">[232]</a> The F-22 was first deployed overseas in February 2007 with the 27th Fighter Squadron to <a href="/wiki/Kadena_Air_Base" title="Kadena Air Base">Kadena Air Base</a> in Okinawa, Japan.<a href="#cite_note-251">[233]</a> This first overseas deployment was initially marred by problems when six F-22s flying from <a href="/wiki/Hickam_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hickam AFB">Hickam AFB</a>, Hawaii, experienced multiple software-related system failures while crossing the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a> (<a href="/wiki/180th_meridian" title="180th meridian">180th meridian</a> of <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a>). The aircraft returned to Hawaii by following <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">tanker aircraft</a>. Within 48 hours, the error was resolved and the journey resumed.<a href="#cite_note-252">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-Raptors_arrive-253">[235]</a> Kadena would be a frequent rotation for F-22 units; they have also been involved in training exercises in South Korea, Malaysia, and the Philippines.<a href="#cite_note-254">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[238]</a> Defense Secretary Gates initially refused to deploy F-22s to the Middle East in 2007;<a href="#cite_note-257">[239]</a> the type made its first deployment in the region at <a href="/wiki/Al_Dhafra_Air_Base" title="Al Dhafra Air Base">Al Dhafra Air Base</a> in the UAE in 2009. In April 2012, F-22s have been rotating into Al Dhafra, less than 200 miles from Iran.<a href="#cite_note-258">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[241]</a> In March 2013, the USAF announced that an F-22 had intercepted an Iranian F-4 Phantom II that approached within 16 miles of an <a href="/wiki/MQ-1_Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="MQ-1 Predator">MQ-1 Predator</a> flying off the Iranian coastline.<a href="#cite_note-iranf4-260">[242]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22-Refuel-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/F-22-Refuel-3.jpg/170px-F-22-Refuel-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/F-22-Refuel-3.jpg/255px-F-22-Refuel-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/F-22-Refuel-3.jpg/340px-F-22-Refuel-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>An F-22 <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">refueling</a> prior to combat operations in Syria, September 2014</figcaption></figure> On 22 September 2014, F-22s performed the type's first combat sorties by conducting some of the opening strikes of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Syria">American-led intervention in Syria</a>; aircraft dropped 1,000-pound GPS-guided bombs on <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State</a> targets near <a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam" title="Tishrin Dam">Tishrin Dam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AW_first_grd_atarget-261">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[244]</a> Between September 2014 and July 2015, F-22s flew 204 sorties over Syria, dropping 270 bombs at some 60 locations.<a href="#cite_note-263">[245]</a> Throughout their deployment, F-22s conducted close air support (CAS) and also deterred Syrian, Iranian, and Russian aircraft from attacking U.S.-backed Kurdish forces and disrupting U.S. operations in the region.<a href="#cite_note-264">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[248]</a> F-22s also participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">U.S. strikes</a> that defeated pro-<a href="/wiki/Al-Assad_family" title="Al-Assad family">Assad</a> and Russian <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a> paramilitary forces near <a href="/wiki/Khasham" title="Khasham">Khasham</a> in eastern Syria on 7 February 2018.<a href="#cite_note-267">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pawlyk_2018-268">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-harrigianstatement-269">[251]</a> These strikes notwithstanding, the F-22's main role in the operation was conducting <a href="/wiki/Intelligence,_surveillance,_target_acquisition,_and_reconnaissance" title="Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance">intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[252]</a> The aircraft also performed missions in other regions of the Middle East; in November 2017, F-22s operating alongside <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">B-52s</a> bombed <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a> production and storage facilities in <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>-controlled regions of Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-271">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-F22cost2019-213">[197]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_landing_on_Iwo_Jima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/F-22_landing_on_Iwo_Jima.jpg/220px-F-22_landing_on_Iwo_Jima.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/F-22_landing_on_Iwo_Jima.jpg/330px-F-22_landing_on_Iwo_Jima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/F-22_landing_on_Iwo_Jima.jpg/440px-F-22_landing_on_Iwo_Jima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3371" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption>An F-22 lands on Iōtō (Iwo Jima) in April 2024 during Agile Reaper 24-1</figcaption></figure> To increase deployment responsiveness and reduce logistical footprint in a peer or near-peer conflict, the USAF developed a deployment concept called Rapid Raptor which involves two to four F-22s and one <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17</a> for logistical support, first proposed in 2008 by two F-22 pilots. The goal was for the type to be able to set up and engage in combat within 24 hours in smaller and more austere environments that would enable more dispersed and survivable disposition of forces. This concept was tested at Wake Island in 2013 and Guam in late 2014.<a href="#cite_note-272">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[256]</a> Four F-22s were deployed to <a href="/wiki/Spangdahlem_Air_Base" title="Spangdahlem Air Base">Spangdahlem Air Base</a> in Germany, <a href="/wiki/%C5%81ask_Air_Base" title="Łask Air Base">Łask Air Base</a> in Poland, and <a href="/wiki/%C3%84mari_Air_Base" title="Ämari Air Base">Ämari Air Base</a> in Estonia in August and September 2015 to further test the concept and train with NATO allies in response to the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-275">[257]</a> The USAF would build on the principles of Rapid Raptor and eventually integrate it into its new operational concept called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agile_Combat_Employment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agile Combat Employment (page does not exist)">Agile Combat Employment</a>, which shifts towards distributed operations during peer conflicts; for instance, detachments of F-22s have operated from austere airfields on <a href="/wiki/Tinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian">Tinian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iwo_Jima" title="Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a> during exercises.<a href="#cite_note-276">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[259]</a> On 4 February 2023, an F-22 of the 1st Fighter Wing shot down a suspected <a href="/wiki/2023_Chinese_balloon_incident" title="2023 Chinese balloon incident">Chinese spy balloon</a> within visual range off the coast of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> at an altitude of 60,000 to 65,000 feet (20,000 m),<a href="#cite_note-278">[260]</a> marking the F-22's first air-to-air kill.<a href="#cite_note-279">[261]</a> The wreckage landed approximately 6 miles offshore and was subsequently secured by ships of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">U.S. Coast Guard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[262]</a> F-22s shot down additional high-altitude objects <a href="/wiki/2023_Alaska_high-altitude_object" title="2023 Alaska high-altitude object">near the coast of Alaska</a> on 10 February and <a href="/wiki/2023_Yukon_high-altitude_object" title="2023 Yukon high-altitude object">over Yukon</a> on 11 February.<a href="#cite_note-281">[263]</a> The USAF expects to begin retiring the F-22 in the 2030s as it gets replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Air_Dominance" title="Next Generation Air Dominance">Next Generation Air Dominance</a> (NGAD) crewed fighter.<a href="#cite_note-282">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-ngad2030-283">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[266]</a> In May 2021, Air Force Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Charles_Q._Brown_Jr." title="Charles Q. Brown Jr.">Charles Q. Brown Jr.</a> said that he envisioned a reduction in the future number of fighter fleets to "four plus one": the F-22 followed by NGAD, the F-35A, the F-15E followed by F-15EX, the F-16 followed by "MR-X", and the <a href="/wiki/A-10" class="mw-redirect" title="A-10">A-10</a>; the A-10 would later be dropped from the plans due that aircraft's accelerated retirement.<a href="#cite_note-285">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[268]</a> In 2022 the Air Force requested that it be allowed to divest all but three of its Block 20 F-22s at Tyndall AFB.<a href="#cite_note-287">[269]</a> Congress denied the request to divest its 33 non-combat-coded Block 20 aircraft and passed language prohibiting the divestment through FY2026.<a href="#cite_note-288">[270]</a> While the Block 30/35 F-22 remains one of the USAF's top priorities and will be continually updated, the service believes the Block 20 aircraft is obsolescent and unsuitable even for training F-22 pilots and that upgrading them to Block 30/35 standards would be cost-prohibitive at $3.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-F22priority-289">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Variants">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the technology demonstrator prototype and proposed naval version, see <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22" title="Lockheed YF-22">Lockheed YF-22</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lockheed_Martin_F-22B_300x225.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/Lockheed_Martin_F-22B_300x225.png/220px-Lockheed_Martin_F-22B_300x225.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/40/Lockheed_Martin_F-22B_300x225.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>3-view drawings of the planned two-seat F-22B</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>F-22A</dt> <dd>Single-seat version, was designated F/A-22A in early 2000s before reverting back to F-22A in 2005; 195 built, consisting of 8 test and 187 production aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-EMD-1">[N 1]</a></dd> <dt>F-22B</dt> <dd>Planned two-seat version with the same combat capabilities as the single-seat version, cancelled in 1996 to save development costs with test aircraft orders converted to F-22A.<a href="#cite_note-Pace_p28-291">[273]</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22#NATF-22" title="Lockheed YF-22">Naval F-22 variant</a></dt> <dd>Never formally designated, planned carrier-borne variant/derivative for the U.S. Navy's Navy Advanced Tactical Fighter (NATF) program. Because the NATF needed lower landing speeds than the F-22 for <a href="/wiki/CATOBAR" title="CATOBAR">aircraft carrier operations</a> while still attaining Mach 2-class speeds, the design would have incorporated <a href="/wiki/Variable-sweep_wing" title="Variable-sweep wing">variable-sweep wings</a>; it would also have had expanded weapons carriage, including the <a href="/wiki/AIM-152_AAAM" title="AIM-152 AAAM">AIM-152 AAAM</a>, <a href="/wiki/AGM-88_HARM" title="AGM-88 HARM">AGM-88 HARM</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harpoon_(missile)" title="Harpoon (missile)">AGM-84 Harpoon</a>. Program was cancelled in 1991 due to tightening budgets.<a href="#cite_note-Pace_p28-291">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mullin2012p38-39-292">[274]</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_derivatives">Proposed derivatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Proposed derivatives">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-44_MANTA" title="Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA">X-44 MANTA</a>, or multi-axis, no-tail aircraft, was a planned experimental aircraft based on the F-22 with enhanced thrust vectoring controls and no aerodynamic surface backup.<a href="#cite_note-nasa_monogr-293">[275]</a> The aircraft was to be solely controlled by thrust vectoring, without featuring any rudders, ailerons, or elevators. Funding for this program was halted in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-nasa1-294">[276]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_FB-22" title="Lockheed Martin FB-22">FB-22</a> was proposed in the early 2000s as a supersonic stealth <a href="/wiki/2037_bomber_controversy" title="2037 bomber controversy">regional bomber</a> for the USAF.<a href="#cite_note-Long_arm-295">[277]</a> The design went through several iterations and the later ones would combine an F-22 fuselage with greatly enlarged delta wings and was projected to carry up to 30 Small Diameter Bombs to over 1,600 nmi (3,000 km), about twice the combat range of the F-22A.<a href="#cite_note-296">[278]</a> The FB-22 proposals were cancelled with the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Quadrennial_Defense_Review" title="Quadrennial Defense Review">Quadrennial Defense Review</a> and subsequent developments, in lieu of a larger subsonic strategic bomber with a much greater range; this became the <a href="/wiki/Next-Generation_Bomber" title="Next-Generation Bomber">Next-Generation Bomber</a>, although it would be rescoped in 2009 as the Long Range Strike Bomber resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-21_Raider" title="Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider">B-21 Raider</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Raptor_as_bomber-126">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[280]</a> In August 2018, Lockheed Martin proposed an F-22 derivative to the USAF and Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) that would combine a modified F-22 airframe with enlarged wings to increase fuel capacity and combat radius to 1,200 nmi (2,200 km) as well as the avionics and improved stealth coatings of the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">F-35</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[282]</a> The proposal was ultimately not considered by the USAF or JASDF due to cost as well as existing export restrictions and industrial workshare concerns.<a href="#cite_note-301">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Operators">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_4018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/F-22_4018.jpg/220px-F-22_4018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/F-22_4018.jpg/330px-F-22_4018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/F-22_4018.jpg/440px-F-22_4018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>F-22 from <a href="/wiki/Tyndall_Air_Force_Base" title="Tyndall Air Force Base">Tyndall Air Force Base</a>, Florida, cruising over the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Panhandle">Florida Panhandle</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg/220px-Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg/330px-Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg/440px-Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1794" /></a><figcaption>An F-22 landing at Holloman AFB, New Mexico</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raptor-ElmendorfAFB-2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Raptor-ElmendorfAFB-2009.JPG/220px-Raptor-ElmendorfAFB-2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Raptor-ElmendorfAFB-2009.JPG/330px-Raptor-ElmendorfAFB-2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Raptor-ElmendorfAFB-2009.JPG/440px-Raptor-ElmendorfAFB-2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>An F-22, based at Elmendorf AFB, Alaska, over mountain terrain</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_Raptor_-_070212-F-2034C-110.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/F-22_Raptor_-_070212-F-2034C-110.jpg/220px-F-22_Raptor_-_070212-F-2034C-110.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/F-22_Raptor_-_070212-F-2034C-110.jpg/330px-F-22_Raptor_-_070212-F-2034C-110.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/F-22_Raptor_-_070212-F-2034C-110.jpg/440px-F-22_Raptor_-_070212-F-2034C-110.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1919" /></a><figcaption>F-22 with <a href="/wiki/Drop_tank" title="Drop tank">drop tanks</a> in transit to <a href="/wiki/Kadena_Air_Base" title="Kadena Air Base">Kadena Air Base</a>, Japan, from Langley AFB, Virginia</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> is the only operator of the F-22. As of August 2022, it has 183 aircraft in its inventory.<a href="#cite_note-f22_factsheet-136">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_Combat_Command">Air Combat Command</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Air Combat Command">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Fighter_Wing" title="1st Fighter Wing">1st Fighter Wing</a> - <a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Langley%E2%80%93Eustis" title="Joint Base Langley–Eustis">Joint Base Langley–Eustis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a><a href="#cite_note-Langley-303">[285]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/27th_Fighter_Squadron" title="27th Fighter Squadron">27th Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71st_Fighter_Squadron" title="71st Fighter Squadron">71st Fighter Squadron</a> (Formal Training Unit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/94th_Fighter_Squadron" title="94th Fighter Squadron">94th Fighter Squadron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Wing" title="49th Wing">49th Wing</a> - <a href="/wiki/Holloman_Air_Force_Base" title="Holloman Air Force Base">Holloman Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7th_Fighter_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Fighter Squadron">7th Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Fighter_Squadron" title="8th Fighter Squadron">8th Fighter Squadron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53d_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="53d Wing">53d Wing</a> - <a href="/wiki/Eglin_Air_Force_Base" title="Eglin Air Force Base">Eglin Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/422d_Test_and_Evaluation_Squadron" title="422d Test and Evaluation Squadron">422d Test and Evaluation Squadron</a><a href="#cite_note-Tyndall2-234">[217]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Wing" title="57th Wing">57th Wing</a> - <a href="/wiki/Nellis_Air_Force_Base" title="Nellis Air Force Base">Nellis Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/433d_Weapons_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="433d Weapons Squadron">433d Weapons Squadron</a><a href="#cite_note-433d_Weapons_Squadron.-233">[216]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/325th_Fighter_Wing" title="325th Fighter Wing">325th Fighter Wing</a> - Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida <ul><li><a href="/wiki/43d_Fighter_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="43d Fighter Squadron">43d Fighter Squadron</a> (inactivated in 2023)<a href="#cite_note-304">[286]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/95th_Fighter_Squadron" title="95th Fighter Squadron">95th Fighter Squadron</a> (activated in 2013, inactivated in 2018)<a href="#cite_note-305">[287]</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pacific_Air_Forces">Pacific Air Forces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Pacific Air Forces">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Wing" title="3rd Wing">3rd Wing</a> - <a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Elmendorf%E2%80%93Richardson" title="Joint Base Elmendorf–Richardson">Joint Base Elmendorf–Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[288]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/90th_Fighter_Squadron" title="90th Fighter Squadron">90th Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/525th_Fighter_Squadron" title="525th Fighter Squadron">525th Fighter Squadron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Wing" title="15th Wing">15th Wing</a> - <a href="/wiki/Hickam_Air_Force_Base" title="Hickam Air Force Base">Hickam Air Force Base</a>, Hawaii <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_Fighter_Squadron" title="19th Fighter Squadron">19th Fighter Squadron</a> (active associate unit)</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_National_Guard">Air National Guard</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Air National Guard">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/154th_Wing" title="154th Wing">154th Wing</a> - Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii <ul><li><a href="/wiki/199th_Fighter_Squadron" title="199th Fighter Squadron">199th Fighter Squadron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/192d_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="192d Fighter Wing">192d Fighter Wing</a> - Joint Base Langley–Eustis, Virginia<a href="#cite_note-307">[289]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/149th_Fighter_Squadron" title="149th Fighter Squadron">149th Fighter Squadron</a> (associate unit)</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_Force_Reserve_Command">Air Force Reserve Command</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Air Force Reserve Command">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/477th_Fighter_Group" title="477th Fighter Group">477th Fighter Group</a> – Joint Base Elmendorf–Richardson, Alaska <ul><li><a href="/wiki/302nd_Fighter_Squadron_(United_States)" title="302nd Fighter Squadron (United States)">302d Fighter Squadron</a> (associate unit)<a href="#cite_note-308">[290]</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_Force_Material_Command">Air Force Material Command</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Air Force Material Command">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/412th_Test_Wing" title="412th Test Wing">412th Test Wing</a> - <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a>, California <ul><li><a href="/wiki/411th_Flight_Test_Squadron" title="411th Flight Test Squadron">411th Flight Test Squadron</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accidents">Accidents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Accidents">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For accidents relating to the F-22's technology demonstrator, see <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22#Accidents" title="Lockheed YF-22">Lockheed YF-22 § Accidents</a>.</div> The first F-22 crash occurred during <a href="/wiki/Takeoff" title="Takeoff">takeoff</a> at Nellis AFB on 20 December 2004, in which the pilot ejected safely before impact.<a href="#cite_note-309">[291]</a> The investigation revealed that a brief interruption in power during an engine shutdown prior to flight caused a flight-control system malfunction;<a href="#cite_note-310">[292]</a> consequently the aircraft design was corrected to avoid the problem. Following a brief grounding, F-22 operations resumed after a review.<a href="#cite_note-311">[293]</a> On 25 March 2009, an EMD F-22 crashed 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Edwards AFB during a <a href="/wiki/Test_flight" class="mw-redirect" title="Test flight">test flight</a>, resulting in the death of Lockheed Martin test pilot <a href="/wiki/David_P._Cooley" title="David P. Cooley">David P. Cooley</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" title="Air Force Materiel Command">Air Force Materiel Command</a> investigation found that Cooley momentarily lost consciousness during a high-G maneuver, or <a href="/wiki/G-LOC" title="G-LOC">g-LOC</a>, then ejected when he found himself too low to recover. Cooley was killed during ejection by blunt-force <a href="/wiki/Blunt_trauma" title="Blunt trauma">trauma</a> from windblast due to the aircraft's speed. The investigation found no design issues.<a href="#cite_note-312">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[295]</a> On 16 November 2010, an F-22 from Elmendorf AFB crashed, killing the pilot, Captain Jeffrey Haney. F-22s were restricted to flying below 25,000 feet, then grounded during the investigation.<a href="#cite_note-314">[296]</a> The crash was attributed to a bleed air system malfunction after an engine overheat condition was detected, shutting down the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_control_system_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental control system (aircraft)">Environmental Control System</a> (ECS) and OBOGS. The accident review board ruled Haney was to blame, as he did not react properly to engage the <a href="/wiki/Emergency_oxygen_system" title="Emergency oxygen system">emergency oxygen system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[297]</a> Haney's widow sued Lockheed Martin, claiming equipment defects, and later reached a settlement.<a href="#cite_note-316">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-physio-247">[229]</a> After the ruling, the emergency oxygen system engagement handle was redesigned and the entire system was eventually replaced by an automatic backup.<a href="#cite_note-317">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[300]</a> On 11 February 2013, the DoD's <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Inspector_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Inspector General">Inspector General</a> released a report stating that the USAF had erred in blaming Haney, and that facts did not sufficiently support conclusions; the USAF stated that it stood by the ruling.<a href="#cite_note-319">[301]</a> On 15 November 2012, an F-22 crashed to the east of <a href="/wiki/Tyndall_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyndall AFB">Tyndall AFB</a> during a training mission. The pilot ejected safely and no injuries were reported on the ground.<a href="#cite_note-320">[302]</a> The investigation determined that a "chafed" electrical wire ignited the fluid in a hydraulic line, causing a fire that damaged the flight controls.<a href="#cite_note-321">[303]</a> On 15 May 2020, an F-22 from <a href="/wiki/Eglin_Air_Force_Base" title="Eglin Air Force Base">Eglin Air Force Base</a> crashed during a routine training mission shortly after takeoff; the pilot ejected safely. The cause of the crash was attributed to a maintenance error after an aircraft wash resulting in faulty air data sensor readings.<a href="#cite_note-322">[304]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft_on_display">Aircraft on display</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Aircraft on display">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_91-4003_Museum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/F-22_91-4003_Museum.png/220px-F-22_91-4003_Museum.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/F-22_91-4003_Museum.png/330px-F-22_91-4003_Museum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/F-22_91-4003_Museum.png/440px-F-22_91-4003_Museum.png 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="1998" /></a><figcaption>F-22A 91-4003 at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>91-4002 – <a href="/wiki/Hill_Air_Force_Base" title="Hill Air Force Base">Hill Air Force Base</a> Aerospace Museum in Ogden, Utah<a href="#cite_note-323">[305]</a></li> <li>91-4003 – <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the United States Air Force</a> in Dayton, Ohio<a href="#cite_note-324">[306]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(F-22A)">Specifications (F-22A)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Specifications (F-22A)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_3-view_line_drawing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_3-view_line_drawing.jpg/220px-Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_3-view_line_drawing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_3-view_line_drawing.jpg/330px-Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_3-view_line_drawing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_3-view_line_drawing.jpg/440px-Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_3-view_line_drawing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="1008" /></a><figcaption>F-22 Raptor 3-view drawings</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F22_Raptor_info.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/F22_Raptor_info.jpg/220px-F22_Raptor_info.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/F22_Raptor_info.jpg/330px-F22_Raptor_info.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/F22_Raptor_info.jpg/440px-F22_Raptor_info.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2318" /></a><figcaption>USAF poster of key F-22 features and armament</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_underside.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/F-22_underside.jpeg/220px-F-22_underside.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/F-22_underside.jpeg/330px-F-22_underside.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/F-22_underside.jpeg/440px-F-22_underside.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2585" data-file-height="2320" /></a><figcaption>F-22's underside with main bay doors open</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_JSOH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_JSOH.jpg/220px-Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_JSOH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_JSOH.jpg/330px-Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_JSOH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_JSOH.jpg/440px-Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_JSOH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1822" /></a><figcaption>F-22's diamond-like delta wing planform</figcaption></figure> Data from USAF,<a href="#cite_note-f22_factsheet-136">[125]</a> manufacturers' data,<a href="#cite_note-lm_specs-325">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-combat_radius-327">[309]</a> Aerofax,<a href="#cite_note-328">[310]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviation Week">Aviation Week</a>,<a href="#cite_note-avweek_20070107-157">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-avweek_20141103-329">[311]</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_Forces_Monthly" title="Air Forces Monthly">Air Forces Monthly</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AFM-146">[134]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Electronic_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Electronic Defense">Journal of Electronic Defense</a><a href="#cite_note-fighter_EW_next-178">[163]</a>General characteristics <ul><li>Crew: 1</li> <li>Length: 62 ft 1 in (18.92 m)</li> <li>Wingspan: 44 ft 6 in (13.56 m)</li> <li>Height: 16 ft 8 in (5.08 m)</li> <li>Wing area: 840 sq ft (78.04 m2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(aeronautics)" title="Aspect ratio (aeronautics)">Aspect ratio</a>: 2.36</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>: <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 6 series airfoil</a></li> <li>Empty weight: 43,340 lb (19,700 kg)</li> <li>Gross weight: 64,840 lb (29,410 kg)</li> <li>Max takeoff weight: 83,500 lb (38,000 kg)</li> <li>Fuel capacity: 18,000 lb (8,200 kg) internally, or 26,000 lb (12,000 kg) with 2× 600 U.S. gal tanks</li> <li>Powerplant: 2 × <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F119" title="Pratt & Whitney F119">Pratt & Whitney F119</a>-PW-100 augmented <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofans</a>, 26,000 lbf (120 kN) thrust each dry, 35,000 lbf (160 kN) with afterburner<a href="#cite_note-331">[N 19]</a></li></ul> Performance <ul><li>Maximum speed: Mach 2.25, 1,500 mph (1,303 kn; 2,414 km/h) at altitude<a href="#cite_note-AFM-146">[134]</a> <ul><li>Mach 1.21, 800 knots (921 mph; 1,482 km/h) at sea level</li></ul></li> <li>Supercruise: Mach 1.76, 1,162 mph (1,010 kn; 1,870 km/h) at altitude</li> <li>Range: 1,600 nmi (1,800 mi, 3,000 km) or more with 2 external fuel tanks</li> <li>Combat range: 460 nmi (530 mi, 850 km) clean with 100 nmi (115 mi; 185 km) in supercruise <ul><li>595 nmi (685 mi; 1,102 km) clean subsonic</li> <li>750 nmi (863 mi; 1,389 km) with 100 nmi in supercruise with 2× 600 U.S. gal tanks<a href="#cite_note-332">[N 20]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ferry range: 1,740 nmi (2,000 mi, 3,220 km)</li> <li>Service ceiling: 65,000 ft (20,000 m)</li> <li>g limits: +9.0/−3.0</li> <li>Wing loading: 77.2 lb/sq ft (377 kg/m2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrust-to-weight_ratio" title="Thrust-to-weight ratio">Thrust/weight</a>: 1.08 (1.25 with loaded weight and 50% internal fuel)</li></ul> Armament <ul><li>Guns: 1× <a href="/wiki/20_mm_caliber" title="20 mm caliber">20 mm</a> <a href="/wiki/M61_Vulcan" title="M61 Vulcan">M61A2 Vulcan</a> <a href="/wiki/Rotary_cannon" title="Rotary cannon">rotary cannon</a>, 480 rounds</li> <li>Internal weapons bays: <ul><li>Air-to-air mission loadout: <ul><li>6× <a href="/wiki/AIM-120_AMRAAM" title="AIM-120 AMRAAM">AIM-120C/D</a> or 4× AIM-120A/B AMRAAM</li> <li>2× <a href="/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9M/X Sidewinder</a></li></ul></li> <li>Air-to-ground mission loadout: <ul><li>2× 1,000 lb (450 kg) <a href="/wiki/Joint_Direct_Attack_Munition" title="Joint Direct Attack Munition">JDAM</a> or 8× 250 lb (110 kg) <a href="/wiki/GBU-39_Small_Diameter_Bomb" title="GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb">GBU-39 SDB</a></li> <li>2× AIM-120 AMRAAM</li> <li>2× AIM-9 Sidewinder</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Hardpoint (external): <ul><li>4× under-wing pylon stations can be fitted to carry weapons, each with a capacity of 5,000 lb (2,270 kg) or 600 U.S. gallon (2,270 L) <a href="/wiki/Drop_tank" title="Drop tank">drop tanks</a><a href="#cite_note-Miller_2005_p94-100-333">[313]</a></li> <li>4x AIM-120 AMRAAM (external)</li></ul></li></ul> Avionics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AN/APG-77" title="AN/APG-77">AN/APG-77</a> or AN/APG-77(V)1 <a href="/wiki/Active_electronically_scanned_array" title="Active electronically scanned array">AESA</a> radar: 125–150 miles (201–241 km) against 1 m2 (11 sq ft) targets (estimated range), more than 250 miles (400 km) in narrow beams</li> <li>AN/AAR-56 <a href="/wiki/Missile_approach_warning" class="mw-redirect" title="Missile approach warning">Missile Launch Detector</a> (MLD)</li> <li>Advanced <a href="/wiki/Infrared_Search_and_Track" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrared Search and Track">Infrared Search and Track</a> (IRST)</li> <li>AN/ALR-94 <a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">electronic warfare</a> system: 250 nautical miles (460 km) or more detection range for <a href="/wiki/Radar_warning_receiver" title="Radar warning receiver">radar warning receiver</a> (RWR)</li> <li>Integrated CNI Avionics including: <ul><li>Inter/Intra-Flight Datalink (IFDL)</li> <li>MIDS-JTRS</li> <li>Link 16/<a href="/wiki/JTIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="JTIDS">JTIDS</a></li> <li>IFF (Mode 5)</li> <li>Embedded GPS/INS (EGI)</li> <li>TACAN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAVE_QUICK" class="mw-redirect" title="HAVE QUICK">HAVE QUICK</a>/SATURN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SINCGARS" title="SINCGARS">SINCGARS</a></li></ul></li> <li>MJU-39/40 flares for protection against IR missiles<a href="#cite_note-334">[314]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Tactical_Fighter" title="Advanced Tactical Fighter">Advanced Tactical Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_in_fiction#F-22_Raptor" title="Aircraft in fiction">Aircraft in fiction#F-22 Raptor</a></li></ul> Related development <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22" title="Lockheed YF-22">Lockheed YF-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_FB-22" title="Lockheed Martin FB-22">Lockheed Martin FB-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-44_MANTA" title="Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA">Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA</a></li></ul> Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-20" title="Chengdu J-20">Chengdu J-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-57" title="Sukhoi Su-57">Sukhoi Su-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAI_TF_Kaan" title="TAI TF Kaan">TAI TF Kaan</a></li></ul> Related lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fighter_aircraft" title="List of fighter aircraft">List of fighter aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lockheed_aircraft" title="List of Lockheed aircraft">List of Lockheed aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_United_States_military_aircraft" title="List of active United States military aircraft">List of active United States military aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_megaprojects#Aerospace_projects" title="List of megaprojects">List of megaprojects, Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_electronics_of_the_United_States" title="List of military electronics of the United States">List of military electronics of the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EMD-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EMD_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EMD_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EMD_1-2">c</a> Total production run consisted of 9 EMD and 186 production aircraft; the last two EMD aircraft were close to Production Representative Test Vehicle (PRTV) configuration, while one of the production aircraft was a dedicated flight sciences vehicle; at times, the production run was listed as 8 test and 187 production aircraft. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Referring to statements made by the Secretary of Defense Robert Gates: "The secretary once again highlighted his ambitious next-year request for the more-versatile F-35s."<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> The greatly increased stealth requirements arose from the SPO's discussions with Lockheed and Northrop, the two companies with prior stealth experience from the "Senior Trend"/<a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk" title="Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk">F-117</a> and "Senior Ice"/<a href="/wiki/Northrop_B-2_Spirit" title="Northrop B-2 Spirit">B-2</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> The seven bidding companies for Dem/Val were Lockheed, Northrop, General Dynamics, Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, <a href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_International" title="Rockwell International">North American Rockwell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Lockheed's design had considerable variations throughout concept exploration, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird" title="Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird">SR-71</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-12" title="Lockheed YF-12">YF-12</a>-like, to faceted designs similar to the F-117, to a curved surface design with an arrowhead-like planform as the company became able to design stealthy shapes with curved surfaces.<a href="#cite_note-f22_evolution_p1-14">[10]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> The contractor teams were to give the SPO "sealed envelope" flight performance predictions against which their prototypes would be evaluated against, rather than against each other.<a href="#cite_note-16">[11]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> The YF-22 outer lines were frozen relatively soon after the complete redesign of the configuration in summer of 1987 so that construction could begin in 1988, resulting in the shaping being rather unrefined, especially compared to the YF-23.<a href="#cite_note-f22_evolution_p2-28">[22]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Metz was previously the chief test pilot for the YF-23. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Another reason other than funding issues, the F-22’s superior combat capability, has been attributed to cuts to F-22 buys. In 1997, Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/William_Cohen" title="William Cohen">William Cohen</a>, for example, cited this as a reason for that year’s Quadrennial Defense Review’s (QDR) proposed reduction to 341 aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolkcom20078-48">[40]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Block number designates production variation groups. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> The combat-coded fleet consist of 123 primary and 20 reserve airframes, while several Block 30 aircraft are devoted to operational testing and tactics development at Nellis AFB.<a href="#cite_note-64">[54]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> This capability was demonstrated in 2005 when General <a href="/wiki/John_P._Jumper" title="John P. Jumper">John P. Jumper</a> exceeded Mach 1.7 in the F-22 without afterburners. When flying at Mach 2.0 at 40,000 feet (12,000 m) in steady level flight, the F-22 is only using 118% throttle out of 150% available (with 100% being military/intermediate power and 150% being full afterburner). Time from brake release to Mach 1.7 at 60,000 feet (18,000 m) level flight is less than 3 minutes 30 seconds.<a href="#cite_note-143">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-WMOF_JB-144">[133]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> In testing, an F-22 cruising at Mach 1.5 at 50,000 feet (15,000 m) struck a moving target 24 miles (39 km) away with a JDAM.<a href="#cite_note-upi_20061122-150">[138]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> The fuselage and wing structure was tested to validate survivability against <a href="/wiki/30_mm_caliber" title="30 mm caliber">30 mm</a> cannon fire.<a href="#cite_note-live_fire_testing-140">[129]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> "... noting that Raptors are ready for a mission around 62 percent of the time, if its low-observable requirements are met (DAILY, 20 November). Reliability goes up above 70 percent for missions with lower stealth demands."<a href="#cite_note-167">[153]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> Former Secretary of the USAF Michael Wynne blamed the use of the DoD's Ada for cost overruns and delays on many military projects, including the F-22, mistakenly referring to Ada as an operating system rather than a programming language, and citing "the scramble to retain talent for ADA when careers were being made in DOS, Apple and LINUX".<a href="#cite_note-Wynne_Terminate_F-22-183">[168]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> In 2002–2003, the F-22's software reliability was highly inadequate, needing to initiate an avionics system restart (which took minutes to cycle) every 1.9 hours despite the requirement for "mean-time between instability events" being over 20 hours. The integrated avionics software was frequently "crashing" and requiring in-flight reboots.<a href="#cite_note-Miller2005pp64-65-220">[204]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> Atelectasis is the collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange. </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> Actual thrust is up to 37,000 lbf (165 kN).<a href="#cite_note-330">[312]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> 860 nmi subsonic with 2× 600 U.S. gal tanks. All figures include −6% routing factor, combat and 2× GBU-32 + 2× AIM-9 + 2× AIM-120. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-combataircraft-2"><a href="#cite_ref-combataircraft_2-0">^</a> Parsons, Gary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.combataircraft.net/view_article.asp?ID=4994">"Final F-22 Delivered"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313044134/http://www.combataircraft.net/view_article.asp?id=4994">Archived</a> 13 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Combat Aircraft Monthly, 3 May 2012. 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Retrieved 28 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Air+Force&rft.atitle=Hill+Aerospace+Museum+Receives+a+Raptor&rft.date=2022-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpafb.af.mil%2FNews%2FArticle-Display%2FArticle%2F3252408%2Fhill-aerospace-museum-receives-a-raptor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080330013236/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123051335">"Museum adds the world's first stealthy air dominance fighter to collection"</a>. National Museum of the U.S. Air Force (Press release). 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Lockheed Martin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120603072326/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/f22/f-22-specifications.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=F-22+Raptor+Specifications&rft.pub=Lockheed+Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lockheedmartin.com%2Fus%2Fproducts%2Ff22%2Ff-22-specifications.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120708073636/http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/f22/f22specs.html">"F-22 Technical Specs."</a> Boeing. Retrieved 16 October 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-combat_radius-327"><a href="#cite_ref-combat_radius_327-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-irwcM2ov73s/Toru4NRprRI/AAAAAAAABm4/PBBm_UVa5Ng/s1600/F-22range.jpeg">"F-22 Combat Radius"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161105005403/http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-irwcM2ov73s/Toru4NRprRI/AAAAAAAABm4/PBBm_UVa5Ng/s1600/F-22range.jpeg">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=F-22+Combat+Radius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F2.bp.blogspot.com%2F-irwcM2ov73s%2FToru4NRprRI%2FAAAAAAAABm4%2FPBBm_UVa5Ng%2Fs1600%2FF-22range.jpeg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> Miller 2005, p. 102. </li> <li id="cite_note-avweek_20141103-329"><a href="#cite_ref-avweek_20141103_329-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_Sweetman2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Bill Sweetman (3 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviationweek.com/defense/j-20-stealth-fighter-design-balances-speed-and-agility">"J-20 Stealth Fighter Design Balances Speed And Agility"</a>. Aviation Week & Space Technology. Penton Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141105012355/http://aviationweek.com/defense/j-20-stealth-fighter-design-balances-speed-and-agility">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation+Week+%26+Space+Technology&rft.atitle=J-20+Stealth+Fighter+Design+Balances+Speed+And+Agility&rft.date=2014-11-03&rft.au=Bill+Sweetman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviationweek.com%2Fdefense%2Fj-20-stealth-fighter-design-balances-speed-and-agility&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> AIR International, July 2015, p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_2005_p94-100-333"><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_2005_p94-100_333-0">^</a> Miller 2005, pp. 94–100. </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> Wild, Lee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sharecast.com/cgi-bin/sharecast/story.cgi?story_id=3361020">"US quick to return for Chemring's flares."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716051703/http://www.sharecast.com/cgi-bin/sharecast/story.cgi?story_id=3361020">Archived</a> 16 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Share cast, 26 March 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2010. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAronsteinHirschberg.Piccirillo1998" class="citation book cs1">Aronstein, David C.; Hirschberg., Michael J.; Piccirillo, Albert C. (1998). Advanced Tactical Fighter to F-22 Raptor: Origins of the 21st Century Air Dominance Fighter. Arlington, Virginia: <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Aeronautics_%26_Astronautics" class="mw-redirect" title="American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics">American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56347-282-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56347-282-4"><bdi>978-1-56347-282-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Tactical+Fighter+to+F-22+Raptor%3A+Origins+of+the+21st+Century+Air+Dominance+Fighter&rft.place=Arlington%2C+Virginia&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Aeronautics+%26+Astronautics&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-56347-282-4&rft.aulast=Aronstein&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft.au=Hirschberg.%2C+Michael+J.&rft.au=Piccirillo%2C+Albert+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolkcom2007" class="citation report cs1">Bolkcom, Christopher (12 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA470212.pdf">CRS Reports for Congress F-22A Raptor</a> (PDF). Congressional Research Service (Report). Retrieved 26 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=CRS+Reports+for+Congress+F-22A+Raptor&rft.date=2007-06-12&rft.aulast=Bolkcom&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fsti%2Fpdfs%2FADA470212.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGertler2013" class="citation journal cs1">Gertler, Jeremiah (11 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/RL31673.pdf">"Air Force F-22 Fighter Program"</a> (PDF). Congressional Research Service.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.atitle=Air+Force+F-22+Fighter+Program&rft.date=2013-07-11&rft.aulast=Gertler&rft.aufirst=Jeremiah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsgp.fas.org%2Fcrs%2Fweapons%2FRL31673.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodall1992" class="citation book cs1">Goodall, James C (1992). "The Lockheed YF-22 and Northrop YF-23 Advanced Tactical Fighters". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americasstealthf00good">America's Stealth Fighters and Bombers: B-2, F-117, YF-22 and YF-23</a>. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87938-609-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87938-609-6"><bdi>0-87938-609-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Lockheed+YF-22+and+Northrop+YF-23+Advanced+Tactical+Fighters&rft.btitle=America%27s+Stealth+Fighters+and+Bombers%3A+B-2%2C+F-117%2C+YF-22+and+YF-23&rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+Minnesota&rft.pub=Motorbooks+International&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-87938-609-6&rft.aulast=Goodall&rft.aufirst=James+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericasstealthf00good&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkinsLandis2008" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Dennis R.; Landis, Tony R. (2008). Experimental & Prototype U.S. Air Force Jet Fighters. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58007-111-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58007-111-6"><bdi>978-1-58007-111-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Experimental+%26+Prototype+U.S.+Air+Force+Jet+Fighters&rft.place=North+Branch%2C+Minnesota&rft.pub=Specialty+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-58007-111-6&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Dennis+R.&rft.au=Landis%2C+Tony+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2005" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Jay (2005). Lockheed Martin F/A-22 Raptor, Stealth Fighter. Hinckley, UK: Midland Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85780-158-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85780-158-X"><bdi>1-85780-158-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lockheed+Martin+F%2FA-22+Raptor%2C+Stealth+Fighter&rft.place=Hinckley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Midland+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-85780-158-X&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_Jay1995" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Jay (1995). Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works: The Official History... Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85780-037-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85780-037-0"><bdi>1-85780-037-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lockheed+Martin%27s+Skunk+Works%3A+The+Official+History...&rft.place=Leicester%2C+UK&rft.pub=Midland+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-85780-037-0&rft.au=Miller%2C+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullin2012" class="citation journal cs1">Mullin, Sherman N. (June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secure.afa.org/Mitchell/reports/MP9_ATF_0612.pdf">"Winning the ATF"</a> (PDF). Mitchell Institute for Airpower Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mitchell+Institute+for+Airpower+Studies&rft.atitle=Winning+the+ATF&rft.date=2012-06&rft.aulast=Mullin&rft.aufirst=Sherman+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.afa.org%2FMitchell%2Freports%2FMP9_ATF_0612.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullin2019" class="citation interview cs1">Mullin, Sherman N. (24 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.huntington.org/digital/collection/p15150coll7/id/45049/">"Oral history interview with Sherman Mullin. Second Interview"</a>. Aerospace Oral History Project (Interview). Interviewed by Westwick, Peter; Deverell, William. San Marino, California: The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aerospace+Oral+History+Project&rft.atitle=Oral+history+interview+with+Sherman+Mullin.+Second+Interview.&rft.date=2019-01-24&rft.aulast=Mullin&rft.aufirst=Sherman+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.huntington.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp15150coll7%2Fid%2F45049%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPace1999" class="citation book cs1">Pace, Steve (1999). F-22 Raptor: America's Next Lethal War Machine. 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"Fighter EW: The Next Generation". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Electronic_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Electronic Defense">Journal of Electronic Defense</a>. 23 (7).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Electronic+Defense&rft.atitle=Fighter+EW%3A+The+Next+Generation&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=7&rft.date=2000-07&rft.aulast=Sweetman&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweetman,_Bill1998" class="citation book cs1">------- (1998). F-22 Raptor. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA: Motorbooks International Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-0484-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-0484-X"><bdi>0-7603-0484-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=F-22+Raptor&rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+Minnesota%2C+USA&rft.pub=Motorbooks+International+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7603-0484-X&rft.au=Sweetman%2C+Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2002" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Mel, ed. (2002). "Lockheed Martin F-22A Raptor". Superfighters: The Next Generation of Combat Aircraft. London: AIRtime Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-880588-53-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-880588-53-6"><bdi>1-880588-53-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lockheed+Martin+F-22A+Raptor&rft.btitle=Superfighters%3A+The+Next+Generation+of+Combat+Aircraft&rft.place=London&rft.pub=AIRtime+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-880588-53-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallaceHolder1998" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Mike; Holder, William G. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lockheedmartinf20000wall">Lockheed-Martin F-22 Raptor: An Illustrated History</a>. Atglen, PA: <a href="/wiki/Schiffer_Publishing" title="Schiffer Publishing">Schiffer Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780764305580" title="Special:BookSources/9780764305580"><bdi>9780764305580</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39910177">39910177</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lockheed-Martin+F-22+Raptor%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.place=Atglen%2C+PA&rft.pub=Schiffer+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39910177&rft.isbn=9780764305580&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Holder%2C+William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flockheedmartinf20000wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALockheed+Martin+F-22+Raptor" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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at 2007 Capital Airshow in Sacramento – with narrative by F-22 pilot Paul "Max" Moga</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.defense.gov/2018/Mar/26/2001894248/-1/-1/1/DODIG-2018-089.PDF">Contracting Strategy for F-22 Modernization - U.S. Department of Defense</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Lockheed_Explorer" title="Lockheed Explorer">4 Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Vega" title="Lockheed Vega">5 Vega</a></li> <li>61</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Explorer" title="Lockheed Explorer">7 Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_8_Sirius" title="Lockheed Model 8 Sirius">8 Sirius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Altair" title="Lockheed Altair">8-D, E & G Altair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_9_Orion" title="Lockheed Model 9 Orion">9 Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Vega" title="Lockheed Vega">DL.1 Vega</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Electra family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_10_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 10 Electra">10 Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_12_Electra_Junior" title="Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior">12 Electra Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_14_Super_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra">14 Super Electra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">414 Hudson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">18 Lodestar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">37 Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_PV-2_Harpoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed PV-2 Harpoon">43 Harpoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Constellation family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Constellation" title="Lockheed Constellation">Constellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-049_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-049 Constellation">L-049</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-649_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-649 Constellation">L-649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-749_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-749 Constellation">L-749</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1049_Super_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation">L-1049</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1249_Super_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-1249 Super Constellation">L-1249</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1649_Starliner" title="Lockheed L-1649 Starliner">L-1649 Starliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-69_Constellation" title="Lockheed C-69 Constellation">C-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-121_Constellation" title="Lockheed C-121 Constellation">C-121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EC-121_Warning_Star" title="Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star">EC-121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XB-30" title="Lockheed XB-30">XB-30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">C-130 Hercules family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules" title="Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules">C-130J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AC-130" title="Lockheed AC-130">AC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_DC-130" title="Lockheed DC-130">DC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_HC-130" title="Lockheed HC-130">HC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EC-130" title="Lockheed EC-130">EC-130</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EC-130H_Compass_Call" title="Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call">EC-130H</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_KC-130" title="Lockheed Martin KC-130">KC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_LC-130" title="Lockheed LC-130">LC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_MC-130" title="Lockheed MC-130">MC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_WC-130" title="Lockheed WC-130">WC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_E-130J" title="Lockheed Martin E-130J">E-130J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-100_Hercules" title="Lockheed L-100 Hercules">L-100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">L-188 Electra family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-188_Electra" title="Lockheed L-188 Electra">L-188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">P-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EP-3" title="Lockheed EP-3">EP-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CP-140_Aurora" title="Lockheed CP-140 Aurora">CP-140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-7" title="Lockheed P-7">P-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-5_Galaxy" title="Lockheed C-5 Galaxy">C-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-141_Starlifter" title="Lockheed C-141 Starlifter">C-141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_44_Excalibur" title="Lockheed Model 44 Excalibur">Excalibur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_JetStar" title="Lockheed JetStar">JetStar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1011_TriStar" title="Lockheed L-1011 TriStar">L-1011 Tristar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_TriStar_(RAF)" title="Lockheed TriStar (RAF)">RAF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-2000" title="Lockheed L-2000">L-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Saturn" title="Lockheed Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_Model_2_Starliner" title="Vega Model 2 Starliner">Vega Starliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_R6V_Constitution" title="Lockheed R6V Constitution">R6V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighter-bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Lightning family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">P-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XP-49" title="Lockheed XP-49">XP-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XP-58_Chain_Lightning" title="Lockheed XP-58 Chain Lightning">XP-58</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Shooting Star family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">F-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-94_Starfire" title="Lockheed F-94 Starfire">F-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_T-33" title="Lockheed T-33">T-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_T2V_SeaStar" title="Lockheed T2V SeaStar">T2V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Starfighter family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XF-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed XF-104 Starfighter">XF-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">F-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_NF-104A" title="Lockheed NF-104A">NF-104A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-288" title="Lockheed CL-288">CL-288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-1200_Lancer" title="Lockheed CL-1200 Lancer">CL-1200</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Raptor family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22" title="Lockheed YF-22">YF-22</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_FB-22" title="Lockheed Martin FB-22">FB-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-44_MANTA" title="Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA">X-44 MANTA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk" title="Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk">A-4AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YP-24" title="Lockheed YP-24">A-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-21" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed Martin F-21">F-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">F-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk" title="Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk">F-117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XFM-2" title="Lockheed XFM-2">XFM-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XF-90" title="Lockheed XF-90">XF-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YP-24" title="Lockheed YP-24">YP-24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Blackbird family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_A-12" title="Lockheed A-12">A-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird" title="Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird">SR-71 Blackbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-12" title="Lockheed YF-12">YF-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_M-21" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed M-21">M-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_D-21" title="Lockheed D-21">D-21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Maritime patrol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">PV-1 Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_PV-2_Harpoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed PV-2 Harpoon">PV-2 Harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-2_Neptune" title="Lockheed P-2 Neptune">P2V/P-2 Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_S-3_Viking" title="Lockheed S-3 Viking">S-3 Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">P-3 Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CP-140_Aurora" title="Lockheed CP-140 Aurora">CP-140 Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-7" title="Lockheed P-7">P-7 LRAACA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Other crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-400_Suntan" title="Lockheed CL-400 Suntan">CL-400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">U-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YO-3_Quiet_Star" title="Lockheed YO-3 Quiet Star">YO-3 Quiet Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">TR-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_TR-X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Martin TR-X (page does not exist)">TR-X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">UAVs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Aequare" title="Lockheed Aequare">Aequare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AQM-60_Kingfisher" title="Lockheed AQM-60 Kingfisher">AQM-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Cormorant" title="Lockheed Martin Cormorant">Cormorant (UAV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Desert_Hawk" title="Lockheed Martin Desert Hawk">Desert Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Desert_Hawk_III" title="Lockheed Martin Desert Hawk III">Desert Hawk III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_Fury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Martin Fury (page does not exist)">Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_MQM-105_Aquila" title="Lockheed MQM-105 Aquila">MQM-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Polecat" title="Lockheed Martin Polecat">Polecat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_RQ-3_DarkStar" title="Lockheed Martin RQ-3 DarkStar">RQ-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_RQ-170_Sentinel" title="Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel">RQ-170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_SR-72" title="Lockheed Martin SR-72">SR-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-44_(UAV)" title="Lockheed Martin X-44 (UAV)">X-44 (UAV)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_T-33" title="Lockheed T-33">T-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_T2V_SeaStar" title="Lockheed T2V SeaStar">T2V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAI_T-50_Golden_Eagle" title="KAI T-50 Golden Eagle">T-50A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Helicopters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-475" title="Lockheed CL-475">CL-475</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XH-51" title="Lockheed XH-51">XH-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AH-56_Cheyenne" title="Lockheed AH-56 Cheyenne">AH-56 Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_VH-71_Kestrel" title="Lockheed Martin VH-71 Kestrel">VH-71 Kestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_VH-92_Patriot" title="Sikorsky VH-92 Patriot">VH-92 Patriot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Have_Blue" title="Lockheed Have Blue">Have Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-133" title="Lockheed L-133">L-133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-301" title="Lockheed L-301">L-301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Senior_Peg" title="Lockheed Senior Peg">Senior Peg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Senior_Prom" title="Lockheed Senior Prom">Senior Prom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Star_Clipper" title="Lockheed Star Clipper">Star Clipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XC-35" title="Lockheed XC-35">XC-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_X-7" title="Lockheed X-7">X-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_X-17" title="Lockheed X-17">X-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-301" title="Lockheed L-301">X-24C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweizer_X-26_Frigate" title="Schweizer X-26 Frigate">X-26B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-33" title="Lockheed Martin X-33">X-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-35" title="Lockheed Martin X-35">X-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-55" title="Lockheed Martin X-55">X-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-56" title="Lockheed Martin X-56">X-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-59_Quesst" title="Lockheed Martin X-59 Quesst">X-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XFV" title="Lockheed XFV">XFV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XV-4_Hummingbird" title="Lockheed XV-4 Hummingbird">XV-4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Light aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Big_Dipper" title="Lockheed Big Dipper">Big Dipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Explorer" title="Lockheed Explorer">Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_AL-60" title="Aermacchi AL-60">L-402</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Little_Dipper" title="Lockheed Little Dipper">Little Dipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Virgo" title="High Virgo">High Virgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGM-89_Perseus" title="UGM-89 Perseus">Perseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-Pong_(rocket)" title="Ping-Pong (rocket)">Ping-Pong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGM-27_Polaris" title="UGM-27 Polaris">Polaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGM-73_Poseidon" title="UGM-73 Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGM-96_Trident_I" title="UGM-96 Trident I">Trident I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGM-133_Trident_II" title="UGM-133 Trident II">Trident II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_J37" title="Lockheed J37">J37/T35</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lockheed_aircraft" title="List of Lockheed aircraft">Model numbers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Vega" title="Lockheed Vega">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Vega" title="Lockheed Vega">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Air_Express" title="Lockheed Air Express">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Explorer" title="Lockheed Explorer">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Vega" title="Lockheed Vega">5</a></li> <li>61</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Explorer" title="Lockheed Explorer">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_8_Sirius" title="Lockheed Model 8 Sirius">8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Altair" title="Lockheed Altair">A/D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_9_Orion" title="Lockheed Model 9 Orion">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_10_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 10 Electra">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XFM-2" title="Lockheed XFM-2">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_12_Electra_Junior" title="Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior">12</a></li> <li>131</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_14_Super_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_10_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 10 Electra">16</a></li> <li>171</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_14_Super_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XP-58_Chain_Lightning" title="Lockheed XP-58 Chain Lightning">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XP-49" title="Lockheed XP-49">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">24</a></li> <li>251</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-2_Neptune" title="Lockheed P-2 Neptune">26</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 27 (page does not exist)">27</a></li> <li>281</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 29 (page does not exist)">29</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 30 (page does not exist)">30</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 29 (page does not exist)">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Little_Dipper" title="Lockheed Little Dipper">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Big_Dipper" title="Lockheed Big Dipper">34</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 35 (page does not exist)">35</a></li> <li>361</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">37</a></li> <li>381</li> <li>391</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 40 (page does not exist)">40</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_41&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 41 (page does not exist)">41</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_42&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 42 (page does not exist)">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_44_Excalibur" title="Lockheed Model 44 Excalibur">44</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 45 (page does not exist)">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-049_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-049 Constellation">49</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_50&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 50 (page does not exist)">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XB-30" title="Lockheed XB-30">51</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_52&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 52 (page does not exist)">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_AL-60" title="Aermacchi AL-60">60</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_61&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 61 (page does not exist)">61</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_62&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 62 (page does not exist)">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Saturn" title="Lockheed Saturn">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XFV" title="Lockheed XFV">81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EC-121_Warning_Star" title="Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XH-51" title="Lockheed XH-51">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AH-56_Cheyenne" title="Lockheed AH-56 Cheyenne">87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-188_Electra" title="Lockheed L-188 Electra">88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_R6V_Constitution" title="Lockheed R6V Constitution">89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XF-90" title="Lockheed XF-90">90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-2000" title="Lockheed L-2000">91</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 92 (page does not exist)">92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1011_TriStar" title="Lockheed L-1011 TriStar">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_S-3_Viking" title="Lockheed S-3 Viking">94</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Model_99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed Model 99 (page does not exist)">99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-100_Hercules" title="Lockheed L-100 Hercules">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-049_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-049 Constellation">104</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_L-104&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed L-104 (page does not exist)">105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">122</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_L-129&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed L-129 (page does not exist)">129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-133" title="Lockheed L-133">133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-049_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-049 Constellation">136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_44_Excalibur" title="Lockheed Model 44 Excalibur">144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-049_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-049 Constellation">149</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_T-33" title="Lockheed T-33">170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_X-7" title="Lockheed X-7">171</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XH-51" title="Lockheed XH-51">186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-188_Electra" title="Lockheed L-188 Electra">188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_R6V_Constitution" title="Lockheed R6V Constitution">189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-193" title="Lockheed L-193">193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-94_Starfire" title="Lockheed F-94 Starfire">199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Star_Clipper" title="Lockheed Star Clipper">200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-94_Starfire" title="Lockheed F-94 Starfire">204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-100_Hercules" title="Lockheed L-100 Hercules">207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-2_Neptune" title="Lockheed P-2 Neptune">210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_12_Electra_Junior" title="Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior">212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">222</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XV-4_Hummingbird" title="Lockheed XV-4 Hummingbird">244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_T2V_SeaStar" title="Lockheed T2V SeaStar">245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XF-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed XF-104 Starfighter">246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XB-30" title="Lockheed XB-30">249</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">282 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">282 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">285</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XH-51" title="Lockheed XH-51">286</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-288" title="Lockheed CL-288">288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">293</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_CL-295&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed CL-295 (page does not exist)">295</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_CL-296&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed CL-296 (page does not exist)">296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">298</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-141_Starlifter" title="Lockheed C-141 Starlifter">300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-301" title="Lockheed L-301">301</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_CL-320&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed CL-320 (page does not exist)">320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">322</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-400_Suntan" title="Lockheed CL-400 Suntan">325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_JetStar" title="Lockheed JetStar">329</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XV-4_Hummingbird" title="Lockheed XV-4 Hummingbird">330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XV-4_Hummingbird" title="Lockheed XV-4 Hummingbird">331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-69_Constellation" title="Lockheed C-69 Constellation">349</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">351</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_CL-379&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed CL-379 (page does not exist)">379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">380</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-100_Hercules" title="Lockheed L-100 Hercules">382</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_R6V_Constitution" title="Lockheed R6V Constitution">389</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-400_Suntan" title="Lockheed CL-400 Suntan">400 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-100_Hercules" title="Lockheed L-100 Hercules">400 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_AL-60" title="Aermacchi AL-60">402</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_CL-407&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed CL-407 (page does not exist)">407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">437</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-049_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-049 Constellation">449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-475" title="Lockheed CL-475">475</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_R6V_Constitution" title="Lockheed R6V Constitution">489</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-5_Galaxy" title="Lockheed C-5 Galaxy">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">520</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XP-49" title="Lockheed XP-49">522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-69_Constellation" title="Lockheed C-69 Constellation">549</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_T-33" title="Lockheed T-33">580</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XH-51" title="Lockheed XH-51">595</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">622</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">645</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-649_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-649 Constellation">649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">685</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-1200_Lancer" title="Lockheed CL-1200 Lancer">704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-749_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-749 Constellation">749</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_CL-760&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed CL-760 (page does not exist)">760</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-94_Starfire" title="Lockheed F-94 Starfire">780</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">822</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-2000" title="Lockheed L-2000">823</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AH-56_Cheyenne" title="Lockheed AH-56 Cheyenne">840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-749_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-749 Constellation">849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-94_Starfire" title="Lockheed F-94 Starfire">880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_A-12" title="Lockheed A-12">915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-749_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-749 Constellation">949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_CL-977-16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed CL-977-16 (page does not exist)">977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-94_Starfire" title="Lockheed F-94 Starfire">980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-2000" title="Lockheed L-2000">981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-94_Starfire" title="Lockheed F-94 Starfire">984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-94_Starfire" title="Lockheed F-94 Starfire">985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_S-3_Viking" title="Lockheed S-3 Viking">995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_J37" title="Lockheed J37">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">1010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1011_TriStar" title="Lockheed L-1011 TriStar">1011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-2_Neptune" title="Lockheed P-2 Neptune">1020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AH-56_Cheyenne" title="Lockheed AH-56 Cheyenne">1026</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1049_Super_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation">1049</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EC-121_Warning_Star" title="Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star">A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-1060" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed CL-1060">1060</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_T2V_SeaStar" title="Lockheed T2V SeaStar">1080</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-1090" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed CL-1090">1090</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22" title="Lockheed YF-22">1132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1049_Super_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation">1149</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_CL-1195&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed CL-1195 (page does not exist)">1195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-1200_Lancer" title="Lockheed CL-1200 Lancer">1200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-1201" title="Lockheed CL-1201">1201</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_CL-1235&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed CL-1235 (page does not exist)">1235</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_CL-1236&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed CL-1236 (page does not exist)">1236</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_CL-1237&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed CL-1237 (page does not exist)">1237</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1249_Super_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-1249 Super Constellation">1249</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_JetStar" title="Lockheed JetStar">1329</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-1200_Lancer" title="Lockheed CL-1200 Lancer">1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1049_Super_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation">1449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1049_Super_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation">1549</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CL-1200_Lancer" title="Lockheed CL-1200 Lancer">1600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1649_Starliner" title="Lockheed L-1649 Starliner">1649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AH-56_Cheyenne" title="Lockheed AH-56 Cheyenne">1700</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_CL-1800&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockheed CL-1800 (page does not exist)">1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_A-12" title="Lockheed A-12">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-2000" title="Lockheed L-2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_JetStar" title="Lockheed JetStar">2329</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vega" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Vega</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Altair" title="Lockheed Altair">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_Model_2_Starliner" title="Vega Model 2 Starliner">2</a></li> <li>31</li> <li>41</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_Ensign" title="Armstrong Whitworth Ensign">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Hampden" title="Handley Page Hampden">6</a></li> <li>7–101</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Altair" title="Lockheed Altair">11</a></li> <li>12–141</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">15</a></li> <li>161</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">18</a></li> <li>191</li> <li>201</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_Model_2_Starliner" title="Vega Model 2 Starliner">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_Model_2_Starliner" title="Vega Model 2 Starliner">24</a></li> <li>251</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-2_Neptune" title="Lockheed P-2 Neptune">26</a></li> <li>27–321</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Little_Dipper" title="Lockheed Little Dipper">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Big_Dipper" title="Lockheed Big Dipper">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-35" title="North American NA-35">35</a></li> <li>361</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">37</a></li> <li>381</li> <li>391</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vega_Model_40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vega Model 40 (page does not exist)">40</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vega_Model_41&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vega Model 41 (page does not exist)">41</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vega_Model_42&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vega Model 42 (page does not exist)">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">43</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 Not assigned</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Boeing_military_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Boeing_military_aircraft" title="Template:Boeing military aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Boeing_military_aircraft" title="Template talk:Boeing military aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Boeing_military_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Boeing military aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Boeing_military_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Defense,_Space_%26_Security" title="Boeing Defense, Space & Security">Boeing</a> military aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters/attack aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Model_15" title="Boeing Model 15">PW-9/FB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F2B" title="Boeing F2B">F2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F3B" title="Boeing F3B">F3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-12" title="Boeing P-12">F4B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-15" title="Boeing XP-15">XF5B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XF6B" title="Boeing XF6B">XF6B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-29" title="Boeing P-29">XF7B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XF8B" title="Boeing XF8B">XF8B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-4" title="Boeing XP-4">XP-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-7" title="Boeing XP-7">XP-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-8" title="Boeing XP-8">XP-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-9" title="Boeing XP-9">XP-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-12" title="Boeing P-12">P-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-15" title="Boeing XP-15">XP-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-26_Peashooter" title="Boeing P-26 Peashooter">P-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-29" title="Boeing P-29">P-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-29" title="Boeing P-29">XP-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TFX_Program" title="TFX Program">818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15E_Strike_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle">F-15E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F-15EX_Eagle_II" title="Boeing F-15EX Eagle II">F-15EX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22" title="Lockheed YF-22">YF-22</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_AV-8B_Harrier_II" title="McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II">AV-8B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">F/A-18E/F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EA-18G_Growler" title="Boeing EA-18G Growler">EA-18G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_YB-9" title="Boeing YB-9">YB-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-15" title="Boeing XB-15">XB-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">B-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Y1B-20" title="Boeing Y1B-20">Y1B-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">B-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-38_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing XB-38 Flying Fortress">XB-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-39_Superfortress" title="Boeing XB-39 Superfortress">XB-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_YB-40_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing YB-40 Flying Fortress">YB-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-50_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-50 Superfortress">XB-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet" title="Boeing B-47 Stratojet">B-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-50_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-50 Superfortress">B-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">B-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-54" title="Boeing B-54">B-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-55" title="Boeing XB-55">XB-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-56" title="Boeing XB-56">XB-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-59" title="Boeing XB-59">XB-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_B-1_Lancer" title="Rockwell B-1 Lancer">B-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piston-engined transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_247" title="Boeing 247">C-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_307_Stratoliner" title="Boeing 307 Stratoliner">C-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-97_Stratofreighter" title="Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter">C-97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper" title="Boeing 314 Clipper">C-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-15" title="Boeing XB-15">XC-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-108_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing C-108 Flying Fortress">C-108</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jet transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-135_Stratolifter" title="Boeing C-135 Stratolifter">C-135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-137_Stratoliner" title="Boeing C-137 Stratoliner">C-137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_CC-137" title="Boeing CC-137">CC-137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_YC-14" title="Boeing YC-14">YC-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">C-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_VC-25" title="Boeing VC-25">VC-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-32" title="Boeing C-32">C-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-40_Clipper" title="Boeing C-40 Clipper">C-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_T-43" title="Boeing T-43">CT-43</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tanker-transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KB-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing KB-29 Superfortress">KB-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-50_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-50 Superfortress">KB-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-97_Stratofreighter" title="Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter">KC-97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">KC-135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-137_Stratoliner" title="Boeing C-137 Stratoliner">KC-137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_KC-10_Extender" title="McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender">KC-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-46_Pegasus" title="Boeing KC-46 Pegasus">KC-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-767" title="Boeing KC-767">KC-767</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing-Stearman_Model_75" title="Boeing-Stearman Model 75">PT-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing-Stearman_Model_75" title="Boeing-Stearman Model 75">PT-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing-Stearman_Model_75" title="Boeing-Stearman Model 75">PT-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing-Stearman_Model_75" title="Boeing-Stearman Model 75">PT-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XAT-15" title="Boeing XAT-15">XAT-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_T-43" title="Boeing T-43">T-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_T-45_Goshawk" title="McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk">T-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing%E2%80%93Saab_T-7_Red_Hawk" title="Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk">T-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol and surveillance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XPB" title="Boeing XPB">XPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XPBB_Sea_Ranger" title="Boeing XPBB Sea Ranger">XPBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP3B" title="Boeing XP3B">XP3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">P-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EC-135" title="Boeing EC-135">EC-135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-137_Stratoliner" title="Boeing C-137 Stratoliner">EC-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry" title="Boeing E-3 Sentry">E-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-4" title="Boeing E-4">E-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-6_Mercury" title="Boeing E-6 Mercury">E-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-7_Wedgetail" title="Boeing E-7 Wedgetail">E-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-8_Joint_STARS" title="Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS">E-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-10_MC2A" title="Northrop Grumman E-10 MC2A">E-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-767" title="Boeing E-767">E-767</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_NC-135" title="Boeing NC-135">NC-135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_OC-135B_Open_Skies" title="Boeing OC-135B Open Skies">OC-135B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_RC-135" title="Boeing RC-135">RC-135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_WC-135_Constant_Phoenix" title="Boeing WC-135 Constant Phoenix">WC-135</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drones/UAVs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_YQM-94_B-Gull" title="Boeing YQM-94 B-Gull">YQM-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_CQM-121_Pave_Tiger" title="Boeing CQM-121 Pave Tiger">CQM-121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_A160_Hummingbird" title="Boeing A160 Hummingbird">MQ-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Insitu_RQ-21_Blackjack" title="Boeing Insitu RQ-21 Blackjack">RQ-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_MQ-25_Stingray" title="Boeing MQ-25 Stingray">MQ-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Insitu_MQ-27_ScanEagle" title="Boeing Insitu MQ-27 ScanEagle">MQ-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_MQ-28_Ghost_Bat" title="Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat">MQ-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-50_Dragonfly" title="Boeing X-50 Dragonfly">X-50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental/prototypes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Boeing_AFTI/F-111A_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics–Boeing AFTI/F-111A Aardvark">AFTI/F-111A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Bird_of_Prey" title="Boeing Bird of Prey">Bird of Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Phantom_Eye" title="Boeing Phantom Eye">Phantom Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Phantom_Ray" title="Boeing Phantom Ray">Phantom Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Skyfox" title="Boeing Skyfox">Skyfox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-20_Dyna-Soar" title="Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar">X-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-32" title="Boeing X-32">X-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_X-36" title="McDonnell Douglas X-36">X-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-37" title="Boeing X-37">X-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-40" title="Boeing X-40">X-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-45" title="Boeing X-45">X-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-48" title="Boeing X-48">X-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-50_Dragonfly" title="Boeing X-50 Dragonfly">X-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-51_Waverider" title="Boeing X-51 Waverider">X-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-53_Active_Aeroelastic_Wing" title="Boeing X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing">X-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_YAL-1" title="Boeing YAL-1">YAL-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="USAAS/USAAC/USAAF/USAF_fighter_designations_1924–1962,_and_Tri-Service_post-1962_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAF_fighters" title="Template:USAF fighters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAF_fighters" title="Template talk:USAF fighters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAF_fighters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAF fighters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="USAAS/USAAC/USAAF/USAF_fighter_designations_1924–1962,_and_Tri-Service_post-1962_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">USAAS</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">USAAC</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> fighter designations 1924–1962, and <a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_Tri-Service_aircraft_designation_system" title="1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system">Tri-Service</a> post-1962 systems</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1924 sequences (1924–1962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pursuit (1924–1948)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-1_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-1 Hawk">P-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-1_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-1 Hawk">P-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-1_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-1 Hawk">P-3</a></li> <li>P-43 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-1_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-1 Hawk">Curtiss P-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-4" title="Boeing XP-4">Boeing P-4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-1_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-1 Hawk">P-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-6_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-6 Hawk">P-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-7" title="Boeing XP-7">P-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-8" title="Boeing XP-8">P-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-9" title="Boeing XP-9">P-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-10" title="Curtiss XP-10">P-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-6_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-6 Hawk">P-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-12" title="Boeing P-12">P-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas-Morse_XP-13_Viper" title="Thomas-Morse XP-13 Viper">P-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas-Morse_XP-13_Viper" title="Thomas-Morse XP-13 Viper">P-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-15" title="Boeing XP-15">P-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berliner-Joyce_P-16" title="Berliner-Joyce P-16">P-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-6_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-6 Hawk">P-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-18" title="Curtiss XP-18">P-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-19" title="Curtiss XP-19">P-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_YP-20" title="Curtiss YP-20">P-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-6_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-6 Hawk">P-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-22_Hawk" title="Curtiss XP-22 Hawk">P-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-6_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-6 Hawk">P-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YP-24" title="Lockheed YP-24">P-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">P-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-26_Peashooter" title="Boeing P-26 Peashooter">P-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">P-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">P-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-29" title="Boeing P-29">P-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">P-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-31_Swift" title="Curtiss XP-31 Swift">P-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-29" title="Boeing P-29">P-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">P-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedell-Williams_XP-34" title="Wedell-Williams XP-34">P-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_P-35" title="Seversky P-35">P-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-36_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-36 Hawk">P-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_YP-37" title="Curtiss YP-37">P-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">P-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">P-39</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-76" title="Bell P-76">P-39E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">P-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_XP-41" title="Seversky XP-41">P-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-42" title="Curtiss XP-42">P-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">P-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">P-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">P-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-46" title="Curtiss XP-46">P-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt">P-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XP-48" title="Douglas XP-48">P-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XP-49" title="Lockheed XP-49">P-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XP-50" title="Grumman XP-50">P-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">P-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_XP-52" title="Bell XP-52">P-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-60" title="Curtiss P-60">P-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_XP-54" title="Vultee XP-54">P-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_XP-55_Ascender" title="Curtiss-Wright XP-55 Ascender">P-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_XP-56_Black_Bullet" title="Northrop XP-56 Black Bullet">P-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_XP-57" title="Tucker XP-57">P-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XP-58_Chain_Lightning" title="Lockheed XP-58 Chain Lightning">P-58</a></li> <li>P-593 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_XP-52" title="Bell XP-52">XP-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-59_Airacomet" title="Bell P-59 Airacomet">P-59</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-60" title="Curtiss P-60">P-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_P-61_Black_Widow" title="Northrop P-61 Black Widow">P-61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-62" title="Curtiss XP-62">P-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-63_Kingcobra" title="Bell P-63 Kingcobra">P-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-64" title="North American P-64">P-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XP-50" title="Grumman XP-50">P-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_P-66_Vanguard" title="Vultee P-66 Vanguard">P-66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XP-67" title="McDonnell XP-67">P-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_XP-68_Tornado" title="Vultee XP-68 Tornado">P-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XP-69" title="Republic XP-69">P-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">P-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-71" title="Curtiss XP-71">P-71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XP-72" title="Republic XP-72">P-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_D-2" title="Hughes D-2">P-73</a>2</li> <li>P-741</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_P-75_Eagle" title="Fisher P-75 Eagle">P-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-76" title="Bell P-76">P-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_XP-77" title="Bell XP-77">P-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">P-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_XP-79" title="Northrop XP-79">P-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">P-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Vultee_XP-81" title="Consolidated Vultee XP-81">P-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">P-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_XP-83" title="Bell XP-83">P-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84_Thunderjet" title="Republic F-84 Thunderjet">P-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-85_Goblin" title="McDonnell XF-85 Goblin">P-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">P-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_XF-87_Blackhawk" title="Curtiss-Wright XF-87 Blackhawk">P-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-88_Voodoo" title="McDonnell XF-88 Voodoo">P-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-89_Scorpion" title="Northrop F-89 Scorpion">P-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XF-90" title="Lockheed XF-90">P-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-91_Thunderceptor" title="Republic XF-91 Thunderceptor">P-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_XF-92" title="Convair XF-92">P-92</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighter (1948–1962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">F-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">F-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">F-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt">F-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">F-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-59_Airacomet" title="Bell P-59 Airacomet">F-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_P-61_Black_Widow" title="Northrop P-61 Black Widow">F-61</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-15_Reporter" title="Northrop F-15 Reporter">RF-61C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-63_Kingcobra" title="Bell P-63 Kingcobra">F-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">F-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Vultee_XP-81" title="Consolidated Vultee XP-81">F-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">F-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_XP-83" title="Bell XP-83">F-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84_Thunderjet" title="Republic F-84 Thunderjet">F-84</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84F_Thunderstreak" title="Republic F-84F Thunderstreak">F-84F/J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-84H_Thunderscreech" title="Republic XF-84H Thunderscreech">F-84H</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-85_Goblin" title="McDonnell XF-85 Goblin">F-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">F-86</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_YF-93" title="North American YF-93">F-86C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">F-86D/G/K/L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_XF-87_Blackhawk" title="Curtiss-Wright XF-87 Blackhawk">F-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-88_Voodoo" title="McDonnell XF-88 Voodoo">F-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-89_Scorpion" title="Northrop F-89 Scorpion">F-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XF-90" title="Lockheed XF-90">F-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-91_Thunderceptor" title="Republic XF-91 Thunderceptor">F-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_XF-92" title="Convair XF-92">F-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_YF-93" title="North American YF-93">F-93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-94_Starfire" title="Lockheed F-94 Starfire">F-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">F-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84F_Thunderstreak" title="Republic F-84F Thunderstreak">F-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-94_Starfire" title="Lockheed F-94 Starfire">F-97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM-4_Falcon" title="AIM-4 Falcon">F-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIM-10_Bomarc" title="CIM-10 Bomarc">F-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">F-100</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-107" title="North American F-107">F-100B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">F-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-102_Delta_Dagger" title="Convair F-102 Delta Dagger">F-102</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-106_Delta_Dart" title="Convair F-106 Delta Dart">F-102B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-103" title="Republic XF-103">F-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">F-104</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XF-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed XF-104 Starfighter">XF-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeritalia_F-104S_Starfighter" title="Aeritalia F-104S Starfighter">F-104S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_NF-104A" title="Lockheed NF-104A">NF-104A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-105_Thunderchief" title="Republic F-105 Thunderchief">F-105</a></li> <li>F-1063 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-84H_Thunderscreech" title="Republic XF-84H Thunderscreech">XF-106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-106_Delta_Dart" title="Convair F-106 Delta Dart">F-106</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-107" title="North American F-107">F-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XF-108_Rapier" title="North American XF-108 Rapier">F-108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_D-188A" title="Bell D-188A">F-109</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">F-111</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Grumman_F-111B" title="General Dynamics–Grumman F-111B">F-111B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111C" title="General Dynamics F-111C">F-111C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111K" title="General Dynamics F-111K">F-111K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Boeing_AFTI/F-111A_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics–Boeing AFTI/F-111A Aardvark">AFTI/F-111A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Grumman_EF-111A_Raven" title="General Dynamics–Grumman EF-111A Raven">EF-111A</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pursuit, biplace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berliner-Joyce_P-16" title="Berliner-Joyce P-16">PB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">PB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XFM-2" title="Lockheed XFM-2">PB-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighter, multiplace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_YFM-1_Airacuda" title="Bell YFM-1 Airacuda">FM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XFM-2" title="Lockheed XFM-2">FM-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-sequential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_SBD_Dauntless" title="Douglas SBD Dauntless">F-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">P-322</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">P-400</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tri-service sequence (1962–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>F-1 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-2/-3_Fury" title="North American FJ-2/-3 Fury">F-1C/D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-4_Fury" title="North American FJ-4 Fury">F-1E/F</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F2H_Banshee" title="McDonnell F2H Banshee">F-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F3H_Demon" title="McDonnell F3H Demon">F-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F-4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_Phantom_in_UK_service" title="McDonnell Douglas Phantom in UK service">F-4K/M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">F-5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-20_Tigershark" title="Northrop F-20 Tigershark">G</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F4D_Skyray" title="Douglas F4D Skyray">F-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F2Y_Sea_Dart" title="Convair F2Y Sea Dart">F-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_F-8_Crusader" title="Vought F-8 Crusader">F-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F9F_Panther" title="Grumman F9F Panther">F-9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-9_Cougar" title="Grumman F-9 Cougar">F-9F–J</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F3D_Skyknight" title="Douglas F3D Skyknight">F-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-11_Tiger" title="Grumman F-11 Tiger">F-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-12" title="Lockheed YF-12">F-12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird" title="Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird">F-12C</a>2</li></ul></li> <li>F-131</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat" title="Grumman F-14 Tomcat">F-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle">F-15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15E_Strike_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle">F-15E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F-15EX_Eagle_II" title="Boeing F-15EX Eagle II">F-15EX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F-15J" title="Mitsubishi F-15J">F-15J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_STOL/MTD" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 STOL/MTD">F-15 STOL/MTD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16XL" title="General Dynamics F-16XL">F-16XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_X-62_VISTA" title="General Dynamics X-62 VISTA">NF-16D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-17" title="Northrop YF-17">F-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">F/A-18E/F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EA-18G_Growler" title="Boeing EA-18G Growler">EA-18G</a></li></ul></li> <li>F-191</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-20_Tigershark" title="Northrop F-20 Tigershark">F-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAI_Kfir#United_States" title="IAI Kfir">F-21</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F-22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22" title="Lockheed YF-22">YF-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_FB-22" title="Lockheed Martin FB-22">FB-22</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-23" title="Northrop YF-23">F-23</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-sequential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">F-35</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_Israeli_procurement" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Israeli procurement">F-35I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-35" title="Lockheed Martin X-35">X-35</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk" title="Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk">F-117</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Covert designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Have_Doughnut" title="Have Doughnut">YF-110</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">YF-110B/D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-7" title="Chengdu J-7">YF-110C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAVE_DRILL" class="mw-redirect" title="HAVE DRILL">YF-113 (I)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17">YF-113A</a></li></ul></li> <li>YF-113 (II) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23">YF-113B/D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Have_Privilege" class="mw-redirect" title="Have Privilege">YF-113 (III)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-5" title="Shenyang J-5">YF-113C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAVE_FERRY" class="mw-redirect" title="HAVE FERRY">YF-114</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17">YF-114C/D</a></li></ul></li> <li>YF-117 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk" title="Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk">YF-117A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Tacit_Blue" title="Northrop Tacit Blue">YF-117D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Bird_of_Prey" title="Boeing Bird of Prey">YF-118</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_XFV-12" title="Rockwell XFV-12">FV-12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 Not assigned  • 2 Unofficial  • 3 Assigned to multiple types See also: "<a href="/wiki/F-19" title="F-19">F-19</a>"  • <a href="/wiki/Template:USAAS_fighters" title="Template:USAAS fighters">1919–1924 sequence</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_producing_stealth_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stealth_aircraft" title="Template:Stealth aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stealth_aircraft" title="Template talk:Stealth aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stealth_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stealth aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_producing_stealth_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries producing <a href="/wiki/Stealth_aircraft" title="Stealth aircraft">stealth aircraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Stealth_technology" title="Stealth technology">Stealth technology</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_aircraft" title="Experimental aircraft">Experimental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Model_853-21_Quiet_Bird" title="Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird">Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing%E2%80%93Sikorsky_RAH-66_Comanche" title="Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche">Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Bird_of_Prey" title="Boeing Bird of Prey">Boeing Bird of Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-32" title="Boeing X-32">Boeing X-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-45" title="Boeing X-45">Boeing X-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-19" title="F-19">F-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Have_Blue" title="Lockheed Have Blue">Lockheed Have Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22" title="Lockheed YF-22">Lockheed YF-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_FB-22" title="Lockheed Martin FB-22">Lockheed Martin FB-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-35" title="Lockheed Martin X-35">Lockheed Martin X-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-44_MANTA" title="Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA">Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-12_Avenger_II" title="McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II">McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Tacit_Blue" title="Northrop Tacit Blue">Northrop Tacit Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_X-47B" title="Northrop Grumman X-47B">Northrop Grumman X-47B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-23" title="Northrop YF-23">Northrop YF-23</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">Attack</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk" title="Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk">Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_B-2_Spirit" title="Northrop B-2 Spirit">Northrop B-2 Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-21_Raider" title="Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider">Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-20_Avenger" title="General Atomics MQ-20 Avenger">General Atomics MQ-20 Avenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_MQ-25_Stingray" title="Boeing MQ-25 Stingray">Boeing MQ-25 Stingray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Phantom_Ray" title="Boeing Phantom Ray">Boeing Phantom Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Sea_Ghost" title="Lockheed Martin Sea Ghost">Lockheed Martin Sea Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_RQ-170_Sentinel" title="Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel">Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_RQ-180" title="Northrop Grumman RQ-180">Northrop Grumman RQ-180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratos_XQ-58_Valkyrie" title="Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie">Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_XQ-67A" title="General Atomics XQ-67A">General Atomics XQ-67A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Tactical_Fighter" title="Advanced Tactical Fighter">Advanced Tactical Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F/A-XX_program" title="F/A-XX program">F/A-XX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Strike_Fighter_program" title="Joint Strike Fighter program">Joint Strike Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Helicopter_Experimental" title="Light Helicopter Experimental">Light Helicopter Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Strike_Bomber" title="Long Range Strike Bomber">Long Range Strike Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Air_Dominance" title="Next Generation Air Dominance">Next Generation Air Dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-Generation_Bomber" title="Next-Generation Bomber">Next-Generation Bomber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="UAVs" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_MQ-28_Ghost_Bat" title="Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat">Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-20" title="Chengdu J-20">Chengdu J-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_FC-31" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang FC-31">Shenyang FC-31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xian_H-20" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian H-20">Xian H-20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hongdu_GJ-11" title="Hongdu GJ-11">Hongdu GJ-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIC_Dark_Sword" title="AVIC Dark Sword">AVIC Dark Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_WZ-10" title="Chengdu WZ-10">CAIG Wing Loong-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CH-7_(UAV)" class="mw-redirect" title="CH-7 (UAV)">CASC Rainbow-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FL-71" title="FL-71">FL-71</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_aircraft" title="Experimental aircraft">Experimental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-43" title="Yakovlev Yak-43">Yakovlev Yak-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-47" title="Sukhoi Su-47">Sukhoi Su-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_Project_1.44" title="Mikoyan Project 1.44">Mikoyan Project 1.44</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_LMFS" title="Mikoyan LMFS">Mikoyan LMFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_PAK_DP" title="Mikoyan PAK DP">Mikoyan PAK DP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-57" title="Sukhoi Su-57">Sukhoi Su-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-75_Checkmate" title="Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate">Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi/HAL_FGFA" title="Sukhoi/HAL FGFA">Sukhoi/HAL FGFA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_PAK_DA" title="Tupolev PAK DA">Tupolev PAK DA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_Skat" title="Mikoyan Skat">Mikoyan Skat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_S-70_Okhotnik-B" title="Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B">Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_aircraft" title="Experimental aircraft">Experimental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_P.125" title="British Aerospace P.125">British Aerospace P.125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Replica" title="BAE Systems Replica">BAE Systems Replica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Combat_Air_Programme" title="Global Combat Air Programme">Global Combat Air Programme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Taranis" title="BAE Systems Taranis">BAE Systems Taranis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_aircraft" title="Experimental aircraft">Experimental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_X-2_Shinshin" title="Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin">Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Combat_Air_Programme" title="Global Combat Air Programme">Global Combat Air Programme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Combat_Air_Programme" title="Global Combat Air Programme">Global Combat Air Programme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_nEUROn" title="Dassault nEUROn">Dassault nEUROn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAL_AMCA" title="HAL AMCA">HAL AMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi/HAL_FGFA" title="Sukhoi/HAL FGFA">Sukhoi/HAL FGFA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DRDO_Ghatak" title="DRDO Ghatak">DRDO Ghatak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Future_Combat_Air_System" title="Future Combat Air System">Future Combat Air System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_nEUROn" title="Dassault nEUROn">Dassault nEUROn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Future_Combat_Air_System" title="Future Combat Air System">Future Combat Air System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EADS_Barracuda" title="EADS Barracuda">EADS Barracuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_nEUROn" title="Dassault nEUROn">Dassault nEUROn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_Wingman" title="Airbus Wingman">Airbus Wingman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_aircraft" title="Experimental aircraft">Experimental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/MBB_Lampyridae" title="MBB Lampyridae">MBB Lampyridae</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Future_Combat_Air_System" title="Future Combat Air System">Future Combat Air System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EADS_Barracuda" title="EADS Barracuda">EADS Barracuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_Wingman" title="Airbus Wingman">Airbus Wingman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweden</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fighters" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flygsystem_2020" title="Flygsystem 2020">Flygsystem 2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TAI_TF_Kaan" title="TAI TF Kaan">TAI TF Kaan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baykar_Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma" class="mw-redirect" title="Baykar Bayraktar Kızılelma">Bayraktar Kızılelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka-3" title="TAI Anka-3">TAI Anka-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fighters" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KAI_KF-21_Boramae" title="KAI KF-21 Boramae">KAI KF-21 Boramae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fighters" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IAIO_Qaher-313" title="IAIO Qaher-313">IAIO Qaher-313</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HESA_Shafaq" title="HESA Shafaq">HESA Shafaq </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133324#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Template:Refn"," 5.22% 165.300 3 Template:Sfn"," 4.03% 127.616 1 Template:Aircraft_specs"," 3.57% 113.172 1 Template:Advanced_Tactical_Fighter"," 3.36% 106.403 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.869","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12199128,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF2nd_Lt._Schultz2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlbon2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndersonMortara2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAronsteinHirschberg.Piccirillo1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAxe2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAyton2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarnes2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaron2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBedard,_David2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBill_Sweetman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBolkcom2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBolkcom2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBolkcomChanlett-Avery2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrumby,_OtisBill_KinneyJoe_Kirby.2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBruno,_M.2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButler\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButler2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButler2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButler2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCamelo2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCanfield,_Tech._Sgt._Mikal2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarroll2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCole2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCommittee_on_the_Study_of_Live_Fire_Survivability_Testing_of_the_F-22_Aircraft1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoppWeisgerber2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCottonClarkPhelps2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDel_Oso2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrew,_James2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrew2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrew2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEgozi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEverstine,_Brian2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEverstine2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreed2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreedberg2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFulghum2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFulghumFabey2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaramone2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGates2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGertler2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodall1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGovindasamy2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrant,_Rebecca2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrant2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamstraMcCallum2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarpley2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHebert2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHedgpeth2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHehs1998\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHoffman2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHopper,_David2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHouston2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHudson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunter2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInsinna2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenkinsLandis2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenn2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatz2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohnRainey1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLara_SeligmanAaron_Smith2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevineMountSilverleib2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLloyd2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLockie2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLockie2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLopez2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLosey2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLosey2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLudwigson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahadzir2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMajumdar,_Dave2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMajumdar2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMajumdar2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMajumdar2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMajumdar2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarrow2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetz1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetzBeesley2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller,_Jay1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinnick,_Wendell2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMowry2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMullin2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMullin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicholsGains2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorris2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOffley2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsborn2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPace1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPawlyk2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPawlyk2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPawlyk2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerezSimkins2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeron2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolmar2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReed,_John.2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReevesCoffman2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchanz2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchanz2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchanz2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartzLevinsonSchwartz2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeligman,_Lara2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSprouse1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStarrBrowne\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSweetman,_Bill1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSweetman2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSweetman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTajima2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTirpak,_John_A.2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTirpak,_John_A.2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTirpak,_John_A.2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTirpak2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTirpak2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTirpak2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTirpak2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTopolsky2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrimble,_Stephen2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrimble2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrimble2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrimble2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallButler2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallaceHolder1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarwick2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWastnage2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWayne2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolf,_Jim2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolf,_Jim2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolf2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYounossiStemLorellLussier2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZazulia2018\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Advanced Tactical Fighter\"] = 1,\n [\"Aircontent\"] = 1,\n [\"Aircraft specs\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Boeing military aircraft\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 52,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite speech\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 101,\n [\"Commons and category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 37,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 1,\n [\"For\"] = 2,\n [\"Format price\"] = 3,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 3,\n [\"Inflation/year\"] = 3,\n [\"Infobox aircraft\"] = 1,\n [\"Lockheed Martin aircraft\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Not a typo\"] = 4,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"PD-notice\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 18,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 3,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Stealth aircraft\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 5,\n [\"Tree list end\"] = 5,\n [\"US fighters\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 2,\n [\"Unreliable source\"] = 3,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 52,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","300","17.0"],["dataWrapper 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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q133324","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q133324","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-07-31T13:32:00Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T18:14:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1e\/F-22_Raptor_edit1_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"Stealth Aircraft by Lockheed Martin"}</script> </body> </html>