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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Display server</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Display_server-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Display_server_communications_protocols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Display_server_communications_protocols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Display server communications protocols</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Display_server_communications_protocols-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Display server communications protocols subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Display_server_communications_protocols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-X11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#X11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>X11</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-X11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wayland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Wayland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Mir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windowing_systems_with_APIs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windowing_systems_with_APIs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Windowing systems with APIs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Windowing_systems_with_APIs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Windowing systems with APIs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Windowing_systems_with_APIs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SurfaceFlinger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SurfaceFlinger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>SurfaceFlinger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SurfaceFlinger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quartz_Compositor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quartz_Compositor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Quartz Compositor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quartz_Compositor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desktop_Window_Manager" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desktop_Window_Manager"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Desktop Window Manager</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desktop_Window_Manager-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_windowing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_windowing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of windowing systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_windowing_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of windowing systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_windowing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-For_Unix-like_operating_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_Unix-like_operating_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>For Unix-like operating systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_Unix-like_operating_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-For_Windows_NT-family_operating_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_Windows_NT-family_operating_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>For Windows NT-family operating systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_Windows_NT-family_operating_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Web_windowing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web_windowing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Web windowing systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Web_windowing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okenn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Okenní systém – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Okenní systém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenstersystem" title="Fenstersystem – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fenstersystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akenduss%C3%BCsteem" title="Akendussüsteem – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Akendussüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سیستم پنجره‌بندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیستم پنجره‌بندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_fen%C3%AAtrage" title="Système de fenêtrage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système de fenêtrage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%88%EB%8F%84_%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C" title="윈도 시스템 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윈도 시스템" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemo_di_fenestri" title="Sistemo di fenestri – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sistemo di fenestri" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_penjendelaan" title="Sistem penjendelaan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem penjendelaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluggakerfi" title="Gluggakerfi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gluggakerfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מערכת חלונות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת חלונות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venstersysteem" title="Venstersysteem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Venstersysteem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0" title="ウィンドウシステム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィンドウシステム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindussystem" title="Vindussystem – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vindussystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_okien" title="System okien – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System okien" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_janelas" title="Sistema de janelas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema de janelas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Оконный интерфейс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оконный интерфейс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowing_system" title="Windowing system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Windowing system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikkunointij%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Ikkunointijärjestelmä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ikkunointijärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சாளர ஒருங்கியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாளர ஒருங்கியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencereleme_sistemi" title="Pencereleme sistemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pencereleme sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Віконний інтерфейс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віконний інтерфейс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E7%AA%97%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="視窗系統 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="視窗系統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Windowing_system" title="Special:EditPage/Windowing system">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Windowing+system%22">"Windowing system"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Windowing+system%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Windowing+system%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Windowing+system%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Windowing+system%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Windowing+system%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Software that manages separately different parts of display screens</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Window_(windowing_system).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Window_%28windowing_system%29.svg/300px-Window_%28windowing_system%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Window_%28windowing_system%29.svg/450px-Window_%28windowing_system%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Window_%28windowing_system%29.svg/600px-Window_%28windowing_system%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>Typical elements of a <b><a href="/wiki/Window_(computing)" title="Window (computing)">window</a></b>. The <a href="/wiki/Window_decoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Window decoration">window decoration</a> is either drawn by the <a href="/wiki/Window_manager" title="Window manager">window manager</a> or by the client. The drawing of the content is the task of the client.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, a <b>windowing system</b> (or <b>window system</b>) is a software suite that manages separately different parts of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_visual_display" title="Electronic visual display">display screens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a type of <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) which implements the <a href="/wiki/WIMP_(computing)" title="WIMP (computing)">WIMP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Window_(computing)" title="Window (computing)">windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Icon_(computing)" title="Icon (computing)">icons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menu_(computing)" title="Menu (computing)">menus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pointer_(user_interface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointer (user interface)">pointer</a>) paradigm for a <a href="/wiki/User_Interface_Toolkit" title="User Interface Toolkit">user interface</a>. </p><p>Each currently running <a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">application</a> is assigned a usually resizable and usually rectangular surface of the display to present its GUI to the user; these windows may overlap each other, as opposed to a <a href="/wiki/Tiling_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiling interface">tiling interface</a> where they are not allowed to overlap. Usually a <a href="/wiki/Window_(computing)#window_decoration" title="Window (computing)">window decoration</a> is drawn around each window. The programming of both the window decoration and of available <a href="/wiki/Graphical_widget" title="Graphical widget">widgets</a> inside of the window, which are <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">graphical elements</a> for direct user interaction, such as sliders, buttons, etc., is eased and simplified through the use of <a href="/wiki/Widget_toolkit" title="Widget toolkit">widget toolkits</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_details">Technical details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Technical details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main component of any windowing system is usually called the <a href="/wiki/Display_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Display server">display server</a>, although alternative denominations such as window server or compositor are also in use. Any application that runs and presents its GUI in a window, is a client of the display server. The display server and its clients communicate with each other over an <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> (API) or a <a href="/wiki/Communications_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications protocol">communications protocol</a>, which is usually called display server protocol, the display server being the mediator between the clients and the user. It receives all the input from the <a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a>, that the kernel receives from all attached <a href="/wiki/Input_device" title="Input device">input devices</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">keyboard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pointing_device" title="Pointing device">pointing devices</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> and transmits it to the correct client. The display server is also responsible for the output of the clients to the <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">computer monitor</a>. The output of sound is usually not managed by the display server, but the sound volume is usually handled through GUI applets and it is the display server who decides which applications are on top. A windowing system enables the computer user to work with several programs at the same time. Each program presents its GUI in its own window, which is generally a rectangular area of the screen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>From a <a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">programmer</a>'s point of view, a windowing system implements graphical primitives. For example: rendering <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">fonts</a> or drawing a line on the screen. It provides an abstraction of the graphics hardware for use by higher-level elements of the graphical interface such as a window manager.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A display server protocol can be network capable or even <a href="/wiki/Network_transparency" title="Network transparency">network transparent</a>, facilitating the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Thin_client" title="Thin client">thin clients</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Display_server">Display server</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Display server"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg/300px-Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg/450px-Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg/600px-Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>The basic components of a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a>: The <b>display server</b> implements the windowing system. A simple <a href="/wiki/Window_manager" title="Window manager">window manager</a> merely draws the <a href="/wiki/Window_decoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Window decoration">window decorations</a>, but compositing window managers do more.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>display server</b> or <b>window server</b> is a program whose primary task is to coordinate the input and output of its clients to and from the rest of the operating system, the hardware, and each other. The display server communicates with its clients over the display server protocol, a <a href="/wiki/Communications_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications protocol">communications protocol</a>, which can be network-transparent or simply network-capable. </p><p>The display server is a key component in any <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a>, specifically the windowing system. </p><p>The server/client relationship of a standalone display server is somewhat counterintuitive in that a "server" is usually thought of as a large, remote machine, whereas a standalone "display server" is a small local system, with most clients being executed on a larger central machine. The explanation is that a display server provides the <i>services</i> of a display and input devices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Display_server_communications_protocols">Display server communications protocols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Display server communications protocols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="X11">X11</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: X11"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System_core_protocol" title="X Window System core protocol">X Window System core protocol</a> and <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X11_display_server_protocol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/X11_display_server_protocol.svg/350px-X11_display_server_protocol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/X11_display_server_protocol.svg/525px-X11_display_server_protocol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/X11_display_server_protocol.svg/700px-X11_display_server_protocol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/X.Org_Server" title="X.Org Server">X.Org Server</a> communicates with its clients, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Amarok_(software)" title="Amarok (software)">Amarok</a>, over the X11 protocol.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X11.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="X Window System logo"><img alt="X Window System logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/X11.svg/60px-X11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/X11.svg/90px-X11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/X11.svg/120px-X11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>X Window System logo</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>One example of a display server is the <a href="/wiki/X.Org_Server" title="X.Org Server">X.Org Server</a>, which runs on top of the kernel (usually a <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>-like kernel, such as <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> or <a href="/wiki/BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD">BSD</a>). It receives user input data (e.g. from <a href="/wiki/Evdev" title="Evdev">evdev</a> on Linux) and passes it to one of its clients. The display server also receives data from its clients; it processes the data, it does the compositing and on Linux it passes the data to one of three kernel components – <a href="/wiki/Direct_Rendering_Manager" title="Direct Rendering Manager">DRM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphics_Execution_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics Execution Manager">gem</a> or <a href="/wiki/KMS_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="KMS driver">KMS driver</a>. The component writes the data into the <a href="/wiki/Framebuffer" title="Framebuffer">framebuffer</a> and content of the framebuffer is transmitted to the connected screen and displayed. X relies on <a href="/wiki/GLX" title="GLX">GLX</a>. </p><p>One of the implementations of display server concept is <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a>, in particular its actually used version – <a href="/wiki/X.Org_Server" title="X.Org Server">X.Org Server</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xlib" title="Xlib">Xlib</a> and <a href="/wiki/XCB" title="XCB">XCB</a> client libraries. The X.Org Server is a display server, but in its current implementation it relies on a second program, the <a href="/wiki/Compositing_window_manager" title="Compositing window manager">compositing window manager</a>, to do the compositing. Examples are <a href="/wiki/Mutter_(window_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutter (window manager)">Mutter</a> or <a href="/wiki/KWin" title="KWin">KWin</a>. </p><p>Notable examples of display servers implementing the X11 display server protocol are <a href="/wiki/X.Org_Server" title="X.Org Server">X.Org Server</a>, <a href="/wiki/XFree86" title="XFree86">XFree86</a>, <a href="/wiki/XQuartz" title="XQuartz">XQuartz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cygwin/X" title="Cygwin/X">Cygwin/X</a>, while client libraries implementing the X11 display server protocol are <a href="/wiki/Xlib" title="Xlib">Xlib</a> and <a href="/wiki/XCB" title="XCB">XCB</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wayland">Wayland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wayland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wayland_(protocol)" title="Wayland (protocol)">Wayland (protocol)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayland_display_server_protocol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wayland_display_server_protocol.svg/300px-Wayland_display_server_protocol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wayland_display_server_protocol.svg/450px-Wayland_display_server_protocol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wayland_display_server_protocol.svg/600px-Wayland_display_server_protocol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>The Wayland display server protocol</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1034237262"><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayland_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayland logo"><img alt="Wayland logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wayland_Logo.svg/60px-Wayland_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wayland_Logo.svg/90px-Wayland_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wayland_Logo.svg/120px-Wayland_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Wayland logo</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>Display servers that implement the Wayland display server protocol are called <a href="/wiki/Wayland_compositor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland compositor">Wayland compositors</a>. Like any display server, a Wayland compositor is responsible for handling input and output for its clients and, in contrast to X11, the <a href="/wiki/Compositing" title="Compositing">compositing</a> as well. Examples are <a href="/wiki/Weston_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weston (software)">Weston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutter_(software)" title="Mutter (software)">Mutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/KWin" title="KWin">KWin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlightenment (software)">Enlightenment</a>. </p><p>Wayland compositors communicate with Wayland clients over the <a href="/wiki/Wayland_(protocol)" title="Wayland (protocol)">Wayland display server protocol</a>. This protocol defines that clients can directly write data into the framebuffer using the <a href="/wiki/EGL_(OpenGL)" class="mw-redirect" title="EGL (OpenGL)">EGL</a> <a href="/wiki/Rendering_API" class="mw-redirect" title="Rendering API">rendering API</a>. The display server still gets to decide which window is on top and thus visible to the user and also still is responsible for passing data regarding to input devices from <a href="/wiki/Evdev" title="Evdev">evdev</a> to its clients. </p><p>Wayland is used to a certain degree in some Linux desktop distributions, such as <a href="/wiki/Fedora_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedora (operating system)">Fedora</a>. It is also well suited for mobile computing and has been adopted, for example, by the smartphone- and tablet-focused projects <a href="/wiki/Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish OS</a> and <a href="/wiki/AsteroidOS" title="AsteroidOS">AsteroidOS</a>. </p><p>An implementation of Wayland is available under the <a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libwayland-client&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libwayland-client (page does not exist)">libwayland-client</a> and libwayland-server libraries. </p><p>There is an ongoing effort to add Wayland support to <a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mir">Mir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mir_(software)" title="Mir (software)">Mir (software)</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mir_(software)" title="Mir (software)">Mir display server</a> comes with its own Mir display server protocol which is different from those used by X11 and Wayland. Mir additionally supports the X11 protocol. It was developed by <a href="/wiki/Canonical_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Ltd.">Canonical</a> and was intended to be the display server of choice for <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (operating system)">Ubuntu</a>. As of 2017, it has been replaced with the Wayland display server for desktop editions of Ubuntu. </p><p>There are implementations of the Mir display server, the libmir-server and the libmir-client libraries available under the <a href="/wiki/GPLv3" class="mw-redirect" title="GPLv3">GPLv3</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Windowing_systems_with_APIs">Windowing systems with APIs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Windowing systems with APIs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SurfaceFlinger">SurfaceFlinger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: SurfaceFlinger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> developed a display server called SurfaceFlinger<sup id="cite_ref-Android_system_architecture_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Android_system_architecture-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>: </p><p>Everything in Android is rendered to a "surface"; "surfaces" are produced by applications and placed into a queue that is managed by SurfaceFlinger.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yet another Android-specific solution is "Gralloc". Gralloc handles device memory i.e. it does allocation, arbitration, it handles synchronization via Android/Linux fence file descriptors. Gralloc competes with other solutions like e.g. Mesa's <a href="/wiki/Generic_Buffer_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic Buffer Management">Generic Buffer Management</a> (GBM) or Nvidia's EGLStreams. The Gralloc <a href="/wiki/Hardware_abstraction#In_operating_systems" title="Hardware abstraction">hardware abstraction layer (HAL)</a> is used to allocate the buffers that underlie "surfaces". </p><p>For compositing in Android, Surfaces are sent to SurfaceFlinger, which uses OpenGL ES to do the compositing. </p><p>Hardware Composer HAL (HWC) was introduced in Android 3.0 and has evolved steadily over the years. Its primary purpose is to determine the most efficient way to composite buffers with the available hardware. As a HAL, its implementation is device-specific and usually done by the display hardware OEM. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quartz_Compositor">Quartz Compositor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Quartz Compositor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For Apple's <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> family of operating systems, <a href="/wiki/Quartz_Compositor" title="Quartz Compositor">Quartz Compositor</a> fulfils the tasks of a display server and of a window manager in the windowing system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desktop_Window_Manager">Desktop Window Manager</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Desktop Window Manager"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> onward, <a href="/wiki/Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a> enables the use of hardware acceleration to render the graphical user interface. It was originally created to enable portions of the new "Windows Aero" user experience, which allowed for effects such as transparency, 3D window switching and more. It is also included with Windows Server 2008, but requires the "Desktop Experience" feature and compatible graphics drivers to be installed. From Windows 8 onwards DWM can't be disabled and is <a href="/wiki/Software_rendering" title="Software rendering">software rendered</a> if no suitable graphics card is installed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_windowing_systems">List of windowing systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: List of windowing systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="For_Unix-like_operating_systems">For <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> operating systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: For Unix-like operating systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8%C2%BD_(Plan_9)" class="mw-redirect" title="8½ (Plan 9)">8½</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rio_(windowing_system)" title="Rio (windowing system)">rio</a> for <a href="/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs" title="Plan 9 from Bell Labs">Plan 9</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/8l/fbui">fbui</a> (with a modified Linux kernel)</li> <li><i>HP Windows/9000</i> (on early versions of <a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">CMU</a> Andrew Window Manager<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sapphire<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the <a href="/wiki/PERQ" title="PERQ">PERQ</a></li> <li>Whitechapel Oriel<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Silicon Graphics <a href="/wiki/MEX_(windowing_system)" title="MEX (windowing system)">MEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ManaGeR" title="ManaGeR">ManaGeR</a> (MGR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metisse" title="Metisse">Metisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(software)" title="Mir (software)">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeWS" title="NeWS">NeWS</a> / <a href="/wiki/OpenWindows" title="OpenWindows">OpenWindows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXT DPS</a></li> <li>Orbital (<a href="/wiki/Redox_(operating_system)" title="Redox (operating system)">Redox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qt_Extended" title="Qt Extended">Qt Extended</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_Compositor" title="Quartz Compositor">Quartz Compositor</a> (<a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SunView" title="SunView">SunView</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_(windowing_system)" title="Twin (windowing system)">Twin</a> (Text WINdows)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_Window_System" title="W Window System">W Window System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_(display_server)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland (display server)">Wayland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a></li> <li>XFast</li> <li>Xynth</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="For_Windows_NT-family_operating_systems">For <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT-family</a> operating systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: For Windows NT-family operating systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a> (DWM) in <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> (<a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Vista</a> and later)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReactOS" title="ReactOS">ReactOS Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Shell" title="Classic Shell">Classic Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokki" title="Pokki">Pokki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RetroUI" title="RetroUI">RetroUI</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Web_windowing_systems"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">Web</a> windowing systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Web windowing systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dojo_Toolkit" title="Dojo Toolkit">Dojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ext_(JavaScript_library)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ext (JavaScript library)">ExtJS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibco_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibco Software">TIBCO</a> General Interface</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebWM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WebWM (page does not exist)">Web Window Manager</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domain/OS#User_interface" title="Domain/OS">DM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_Environment_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics Environment Manager">GEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuition_(Amiga)" title="Intuition (Amiga)">Intuition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwindows" title="Microwindows">Microwindows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniGUI" title="MiniGUI">MiniGUI</a></li> <li>OOHG</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visi_On" title="Visi On">Visi On</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVMS#Graphical_user_interfaces" title="OpenVMS">VWS</a> (VAX Workstation Software)</li> <li>mpx/mux (for the Bell Labs <a href="/wiki/Blit_(computer_terminal)" title="Blit (computer terminal)">Blit</a> terminal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genera_(operating_system)#User_interface" title="Genera (operating system)">Symbolics Dynamic Windows</a></li></ul> <p>Some systems such as <a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft_Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> (<a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">XP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_9x" title="Windows 9x">9x</a> and earlier), the <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">classic Mac OS</a> (version <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_9" title="Mac OS 9">9</a> and earlier), and <a href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a>, contain a windowing system which is integrated with the OS.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_display_servers" title="List of display servers">List of display servers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_graphical_user_interface" title="History of the graphical user interface">History of the graphical user interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widget_toolkit" title="Widget toolkit">Widget toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">Desktop environment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKentWilliams1996" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Allen; Williams, James G. (1996-10-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s6NKbEJiEMkC&pg=PA227"><i>Encyclopedia of Microcomputers: Volume 19 - Truth Maintenance Systems to Visual Display Quality</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824727178" title="Special:BookSources/9780824727178"><bdi>9780824727178</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chilton-computing.org.uk&rft.atitle=Chilton%3A%3AINF%3A%3AWindow+Management&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chilton-computing.org.uk%2Finf%2Fliterature%2Fbooks%2Fwm%2Fp007.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindowing+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&oldid=1251988418#Display_server">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Windowing_system&oldid=1251988418#Display_server</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Windowing_systems" title="Category:Windowing systems">Windowing systems</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2019" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2019">Articles needing additional references from December 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 October 2024, at 05:42<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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