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Liturgy - Wikipedia
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Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgie" title="Liturgie – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Liturgie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شعيرة دينية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعيرة دينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituryii" title="Lituryii – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Lituryii" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lliturxa" title="Lliturxa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lliturxa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="লিটার্জি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিটার্জি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturhiya" title="Liturhiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Liturhiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogoslu%C5%BEje" title="Bogoslužje – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bogoslužje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%BArgia" title="Litúrgia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Litúrgia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgie" title="Liturgie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Liturgie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwrgi" title="Litwrgi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Litwrgi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgi" title="Liturgi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Liturgi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgie" title="Liturgie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liturgie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgia" title="Liturgia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liturgia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgia" title="Liturgia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Liturgia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgio" title="Liturgio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Liturgio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgia" title="Liturgia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Liturgia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="نیایشسرایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیایشسرایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgie" title="Liturgie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liturgie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liot%C3%BAirge_(reiligi%C3%BAn)" title="Liotúirge (reiligiún) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Liotúirge (reiligiún)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturxia" title="Liturxia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Liturxia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%A1%80" title="전례 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전례" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="सामूहिक पूजन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सामूहिक पूजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogoslu%C5%BEje" title="Bogoslužje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bogoslužje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgio" title="Liturgio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Liturgio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgi" title="Liturgi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Liturgi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgia" title="Liturgia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Liturgia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgia" title="Liturgia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Liturgia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="ליטורגיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליטורגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgia" title="Liturgia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Liturgia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgia" title="Liturgia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Liturgia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litur%C4%A3ija" title="Liturģija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Liturģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgie" title="Liturgie – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Liturgie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgija" title="Liturgija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liturgija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgia" title="Liturgia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Liturgia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litorjia" title="Litorjia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Litorjia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الطقوس الليتورجيه المسيحيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الطقوس الليتورجيه المسيحيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgi" title="Liturgi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Liturgi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B8%E7%A4%BC" title="典礼 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="典礼" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgi" title="Liturgi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liturgi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgi" title="Liturgi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Liturgi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litourgie" title="Litourgie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Litourgie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgia" title="Liturgia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liturgia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgia" title="Liturgia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Liturgia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturghie" title="Liturghie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Liturghie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgia" title="Liturgia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Liturgia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Литургия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литургия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgjia" title="Liturgjia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Liturgjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Liturgy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogoslu%C5%BEje" title="Bogoslužje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bogoslužje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Богослужење – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Богослужење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgia" title="Liturgia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liturgia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgi" title="Liturgi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liturgi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%BCrji" title="Litürji – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Litürji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Літургія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літургія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%A5ng_v%E1%BB%A5" title="Phụng vụ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phụng vụ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturhiya" title="Liturhiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Liturhiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E6%8B%9C%E4%BB%AA%E5%BC%8F" title="礼拜仪式 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="礼拜仪式" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E5%84%80_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="禮儀 (基督教) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="禮儀 (基督教)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Liturgist" redirects here. For the academic discipline, see <a href="/wiki/Liturgics" title="Liturgics">Liturgics</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Liturgy (disambiguation)">Liturgy (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96_(%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2)2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Liturgy in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96_%28%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2%292.jpg/220px-%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96_%28%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2%292.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96_%28%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2%292.jpg/330px-%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96_%28%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2%292.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96_%28%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2%292.jpg/440px-%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96_%28%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2%292.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Liturgy in the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Ukrainian Greek Orthodox Church</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Liturgy</b> is the customary public ritual of <a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">worship</a> performed by a religious group.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a <a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">communal</a> response to and participation in the <a href="/wiki/Sacred" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred">sacred</a> through activities reflecting <a href="/wiki/Praise" title="Praise">praise</a>, thanksgiving, remembrance, <a href="/wiki/Supplication" title="Supplication">supplication</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Repentance" title="Repentance">repentance</a>. It forms a basis for establishing a relationship with <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>. </p><p> Technically speaking, liturgy forms a subset of <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">ritual</a>. The word <i>liturgy</i>, sometimes equated in English as "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/service" class="extiw" title="wikt:service">service</a>", refers to a formal ritual enacted by those who understand themselves to be participating in an action with the divine.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BenedictineVespers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/BenedictineVespers.jpg/220px-BenedictineVespers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/BenedictineVespers.jpg/330px-BenedictineVespers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/BenedictineVespers.jpg/440px-BenedictineVespers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Benedictine Monks praying the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>liturgy</i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>), derived from the technical term in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">λειτουργία</span>), <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_(ancient_Greece)" title="Liturgy (ancient Greece)"><i>leitourgia</i></a>, which means "work or service for the people" is a literal translation of the two <a href="/wiki/Affix" title="Affix">affixes</a> λήϊτος, "leitos", derived from the <a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a> form of λαός ("people, public"), and ἔργον, "ergon", meaning "work, service". </p><p>In origin, it signified the often expensive offerings wealthy Greeks made in service to the people, and thus to the <i><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">polis</a></i> and the state.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the <i>leitourgia</i>, the rich carried a financial burden and were correspondingly rewarded with honours and prestige. Specific <i>leitourgia</i> were assigned by the <i>polis</i>, the State, and during Rome's domination, the Roman Imperial authorities as "gifts" to the state and the people. Their performance became obligatory in the course of the 3rd century AD, as a form of taxation. The holder of a Hellenic <i>leitourgia</i> was not taxed a specific sum, but was assigned to subsidise a particular ritual, which could be performed with greater or lesser generosity or magnificence. The chief sphere remained that of civic religion, embodied in the festivals: <a href="/wiki/Moses_Finley" title="Moses Finley">M.I. Finley</a> notes "in <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a>' day there were at least 97 liturgical appointments in Athens for the festivals, rising to 118 in a (quadrennial) <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Panathenaic festival">Panathenaic year</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Groups of rich citizens were assigned to subsidise civic amenities and even warships. Eventually, under the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, such obligations, known to Romans as <i><a href="/wiki/Munera_(ancient_Rome)" title="Munera (ancient Rome)">munera</a></i>, devolved into a competitive and ruinously expensive burden that was avoided when possible. <i>Munera</i> included a wide range of expenses having to do with civic infrastructure and amenities; festivals and games (<i>ludi</i>) and imperial obligations such as highway, bridge and aqueduct repair, supply of various raw materials, and feeding troops in transit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_liturgy" title="Buddhist liturgy">Buddhist liturgy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhikku_Upasampata.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Buddhist Liturgy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bhikku_Upasampata.JPG/220px-Bhikku_Upasampata.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bhikku_Upasampata.JPG/330px-Bhikku_Upasampata.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bhikku_Upasampata.JPG/440px-Bhikku_Upasampata.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption>Buddhist liturgy</figcaption></figure> <p>Buddhist liturgy is a formalized service of veneration and worship performed within a <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> <a href="/wiki/Sangha_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangha (Buddhism)">Sangha</a> in nearly every traditional denomination and sect in the Buddhist world. It is often done one or more times a day and can vary among the <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> sects. </p><p>The liturgy mainly consists of <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_chant" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist chant">chanting</a> or reciting a <i><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">sutra</a></i> or passages from a <i>sutras</i>, a <i><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantra</a></i> (especially in Vajrayana), and several <i><a href="/wiki/Gatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatha">gathas</a></i>. Depending on what practice the practitioner wishes to undertake, it can be done at a temple or at home. The liturgy is almost always performed in front of an <a href="/wiki/Buddharupa" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddharupa">object or objects of veneration</a> and accompanied by offerings of light, incense, water, and food. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Christian liturgy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg/200px-Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg/300px-Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg/400px-Jan_Babjak_SJ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> celebrating the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic Church">Eastern Catholic Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1ov" title="Prešov">Prešov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vihkimistilaisuus_Kiuruveden_kirkossa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Vihkimistilaisuus_Kiuruveden_kirkossa.JPG/200px-Vihkimistilaisuus_Kiuruveden_kirkossa.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Vihkimistilaisuus_Kiuruveden_kirkossa.JPG/300px-Vihkimistilaisuus_Kiuruveden_kirkossa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Vihkimistilaisuus_Kiuruveden_kirkossa.JPG/400px-Vihkimistilaisuus_Kiuruveden_kirkossa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Wedding ceremony inside the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiuruvesi_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiuruvesi Church (page does not exist)">Kiuruvesi Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kiuruvesi" title="Kiuruvesi">Kiuruvesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Frequently in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, a distinction is made between "liturgical" and "non-liturgical" churches based on how elaborate or formal the worship; in this usage, churches whose services are unscripted or improvised are called "non-liturgical". Others object to this distinction, arguing that this terminology obscures the universality of public worship as a religious phenomenon.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, even the <i>open</i> or <i>waiting</i> worship of <a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Quakers</a> is liturgical, since the waiting itself until the Holy Spirit moves individuals to speak is a prescribed form of Quaker worship, sometimes referred to as "the liturgy of silence".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically in Christianity, however, the term "the liturgy" normally refers to a standardised order of events observed during a religious service, be it a <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacramental</a> service or a service of public <a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">prayer</a>; usually the former is the referent. In the ancient tradition, sacramental liturgy especially is the participation of the people in the work of God, which is primarily the saving work of Jesus Christ; in this liturgy, Christ continues the work of redemption.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "liturgy" in Greek literally means to "work for the people", but a better translation is "public service" or "public work", as made clear from the origin of the term as described above. The early Christians adopted the word to describe their principal act of worship, the Sunday service (referred to by various terms, including Holy Eucharist, Holy Communion, Mass or Divine Liturgy), which they considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice#By_religion" title="Sacrifice">sacrifice</a>. This service, liturgy, or ministry (from the Latin "ministerium") is a duty for Christians as a priestly people by their baptism into Christ and participation in His high priestly ministry. It is also God's ministry or service to the worshippers. It is a reciprocal service. Historically, there was a Christian thought that stresses the idea of the entire liturgy being needed to transform the bread and wine into Eucharistic elements (see <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>). This may have been prevalent especially in Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usually, many Christian churches designate one person who participates in the worship service as the liturgist. The liturgist may read announcements, scriptures, and calls to worship, while the minister preaches the sermon, offers prayers, and blesses sacraments. The liturgist may be either an ordained minister or a lay person. The entire congregation participates in and offers the liturgy to God. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Salat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salat">Salat</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A2alaw%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṣalawāt">ṣalawāt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">mawlid</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">dhikr</a></div> <p><i>Salāt</i> ("prayer", <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:صلاة">صلاة</a></span> <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṣalāh</i></span></i> or <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps"><a href="/wiki/Genitive_case#Arabic" title="Genitive case"><i>gen</i></a></span>: <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṣalāt</i></span></i>; pl. <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">صلوات</span></span> <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṣalawāt</i></span></i>) is the practice of physical and compulsory prayer in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">dua</a>, which is the Arabic word for <a href="/wiki/Supplication" title="Supplication">supplication</a>. Its importance for <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> is indicated by its status as one of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars of Islam</a>. </p><p>Salat is preceded by <a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">ritual ablution</a> and usually performed five times a day. It consists of the repetition of a unit called a <i><a href="/wiki/Rakat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakat">rakʿah</a></i> (pl. <i>rakaʿāt</i>) consisting of prescribed actions and words. The number of obligatory (<i><a href="/wiki/Fard" title="Fard">fard</a></i>) <i>rakaʿāt</i> varies from two to four according to the time of day or other circumstances (such as Friday congregational worship, which has two rakats). Prayer is obligatory for all Muslims except those who are <a href="/wiki/Preadolescence" title="Preadolescence">prepubescent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">menstruating</a>, or in <a href="/wiki/Puerperium" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerperium">puerperium</a> stage after childbirth.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judaism">Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_liturgy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish liturgy">Jewish liturgy</a></div> <p>Jewish liturgy is the <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a> recitations that form part of the observance of Rabbinic <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>. These prayers, often with instructions and commentary, are found in the <i><a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">siddur</a></i>, the traditional Jewish prayer book. In general, Jewish men are obligated to pray three times a day <a href="/wiki/Zmanim" title="Zmanim">within specific time ranges (<i>zmanim</i>)</a>. while, according most modern Orthodox authorities, women are only <i>required</i> to pray once daily, as they are generally exempted from obligations that are time dependent. All communal prayer requires a <a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">minyan</a>, a quorum of 10 adults, to be present. </p><p>Traditionally, three prayer services are recited daily: </p> <ol><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shacharit" title="Shacharit">Shacharit</a></i> or <i>Shaharit</i> (שַחֲרִת), from the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew (language)">Hebrew</a> <i>shachar</i> or <i>shahar</i> (שַחָר) "morning light",</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mincha" title="Mincha">Mincha</a></i> or <i>Minha</i> (מִנְחָה), the afternoon prayers named for the flour offering that accompanied sacrifices at the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a>,</li> <li><i>Arvit</i> (עַרְבִית) or <i><a href="/wiki/Maariv" title="Maariv">Maariv</a></i> (מַעֲרִיב), from "nightfall".</li></ol> <p>Additional prayers: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Musaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Musaf">Musaf</a></i> (מוּסָף, "additional") is traditionally recited on <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a>, major <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish holiday">Jewish holidays</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Chol_HaMoed" title="Chol HaMoed">Chol HaMoed</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Chodesh" title="Rosh Chodesh">Rosh Chodesh</a>.</li> <li>A fifth prayer service, <i><a href="/wiki/Ne%27ila" title="Ne'ila">Ne'ila</a></i> (נְעִילָה, "closing"), is recited only on <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a>, the Day of Atonement.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Common_Worship_of_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Common Worship of 1993">The Book of Common Worship of 1993</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book" title="Liturgical book">Liturgical book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Service (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Divine Service (Eastern Orthodoxy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Divine Service (Lutheran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesh_temple_hymn" title="Kesh temple hymn">Kesh temple hymn</a> (Liturgy to Nintud) — Sumerian clay tablet written as early as 2600 BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seokjeon_Daeje" title="Seokjeon Daeje">Seokjeon Daeje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">Siddur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/liturgy">"liturgy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=liturgy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fliturgy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgy" class="Z3988"></span> 2: a rite or body of rites prescribed for public worship</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Lewis, "<i>Leitourgia</i> and related terms", <i>Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies</i> <b>3</b> (1960:175–84) and <b>6</b> (1965:226–30).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finley, <i>The Ancient Economy</i> 2nd ed., 1985:151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Underhill, E., <i>Worship</i> (London: Bradford and Dickens, 1938), pp. 3–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dandelion, P., <i>The Liturgies of Quakerism</i>, Liturgy, Worship and Society Series (Aldershot, England and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2005).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Catechism of the Catholic Church 1069 (London: Chapman, 1994).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZakhary2024" class="citation journal cs1">Zakhary, Beniamin (2024-09-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/jts/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jts/flae049/7762005">"Moment or Process? Eucharistic Consecration and Epiclesis in Egyptian Thought: A Survey of Liturgical, Patristic, and Medieval Sources"</a>. <i>The Journal of Theological Studies</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjts%2Fflae049">10.1093/jts/flae049</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-5185">0022-5185</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Theological+Studies&rft.atitle=Moment+or+Process%3F+Eucharistic+Consecration+and+Epiclesis+in+Egyptian+Thought%3A+A+Survey+of+Liturgical%2C+Patristic%2C+and+Medieval+Sources&rft.date=2024-09-19&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjts%2Fflae049&rft.issn=0022-5185&rft.aulast=Zakhary&rft.aufirst=Beniamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fjts%2Fadvance-article%2Fdoi%2F10.1093%2Fjts%2Fflae049%2F7762005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Multicultural Handbook of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics</i>, p. 43, Aruna Thaker, Arlene Barton, 2012</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Baldovin, John F., SJ (2008) <i>Reforming the Liturgy: a Response to the Critics</i>. The Liturgical Press</li> <li>Bowker, John, ed. (1997) <i>Oxford Dictionary of World Religions</i>. Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-213965-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-213965-7">0-19-213965-7</a>.</li> <li>Bugnini, Annibale, (1990) <i>The Reform of the Liturgy 1948–1975</i>. The Liturgical Press</li> <li>Dix, Dom Gregory (1945) <i>The Shape of the Liturgy</i></li> <li>Donghi, Antonio, (2009) <i>Words and Gestures in the Liturgy</i>. The Liturgical Press</li> <li>Johnson, Lawrence J., (2009) <i>Worship in the Early Church: an Anthology of Historical Sources</i>. The Liturgical Press</li> <li>Jones, Cheslyn, Geoffrey Wainwright, and Edward Yarnold, eds. (1978) <i>The Study of Liturgy</i>. London: SPCK.</li> <li>Marini, Piero, (2007) <i>A Challenging Reform: Realizing the Vision of the Liturgical Renewal</i>. The Liturgical Press</li> <li>Scotland, N. A. D. (1989). <i>Eucharistic Consecration in the First Four Centuries and Its Implications for Liturgical Reform</i>, in series, <i>Latimer Studies</i>, 31. Latimer House. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946307-30-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-946307-30-X">0-946307-30-X</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quakerinfo.org/quakerism/beliefs.html">"What Do Quakers Believe?"</a>. Quaker Information Center, Philadelphia, PA, 2004.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Liturgy</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=liturgy">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=liturgy&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09306a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia article</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110119105305/http://www.saintsconstantineandelena.org/Liturgy/liturgy1.htm">Orthodox Tradition and the Liturgy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=475&letter=L&search=Liturgy">Jewish Encyclopedia: Liturgy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liturgy.co.nz">Contemporary Christian Liturgy Website</a> History, theory, practice</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070519064906/http://www.confiteordeo.info/latin_masses.htm">The Indult Tridentine Rite of Mass</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsjliturgy.blogspot.com">Work of the People</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liturgix.com">Eastern Orthodox Christian Liturgy Website</a> Liturgy</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310205704/http://www.lutheransonline.com/servlet/CpsServlet/dbpage%3Dpage%26mode%3Ddisplay%26gid%3D20052995655655607101111555%26pg%3D20053264518475013601111555">A Brief Exposition of the Divine Service</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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