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aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Green_belt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_belt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Green belt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_belt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_subdivision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_subdivision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Urban subdivision </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_subdivision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Metropolitan district </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Governance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Finance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Finance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Law </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leisure_and_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leisure_and_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Leisure and tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leisure_and_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Public sector </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Trade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Landmarks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Road </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Buses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 Cycling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Walking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Walking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Walking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Walking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universities_and_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities_and_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Universities and colleges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities_and_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Culture and community </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_community-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture and community subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Art </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.1 Public art </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Film </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_open_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_open_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Parks and open spaces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_open_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Live_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Live_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Live music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Live_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nightlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nightlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.7 Nightlife </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nightlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Teams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Public services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Freedom of the City </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Freedom of the City subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Individuals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Military units </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisations_and_Groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisations_and_Groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 Organisations and Groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisations_and_Groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notes and references </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notes and references subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Leeds</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 119 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" > 119 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%B5" title="ሊድስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊድስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loidis" title="Loidis – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Loidis" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="ليدز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليدز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%95%DC%A3" title="ܠܝܕܣ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܝܕܣ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lids" title="Lids – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lids" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="لیدز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیدز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B8" title="লিডস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিডস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Лідс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лідс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Лідс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лідс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Лийдс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лийдс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Leeds (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Leeds (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%82_(%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Λιντς (Αγγλία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιντς (Αγγλία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="لیدز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیدز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9D" title="લીડ્ઝ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લીડ્ઝ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%88" title="리즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%BD" title="Լիդս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիդս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लीड्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लीड्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Лидс – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лидс" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A1" title="לידס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לידס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲೀಡ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೀಡ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ლიდზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიდზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Лидс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лидс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Лидс – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лидс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledesia" title="Ledesia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ledesia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ABdsa" title="Līdsa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Līdsa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidsas" title="Lidsas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lidsas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds_(Anglia)" title="Leeds (Anglia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Leeds (Anglia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Лидс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лидс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ലീഡ്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലീഡ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लीड्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लीड्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="مدينه ليدز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينه ليدز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="لیدز – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لیدز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%81_(%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%9D)" title="ꯂꯤꯗ꯭ꯁ (ꯃꯐꯝ) – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯗ꯭ꯁ (ꯃꯐꯝ)" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="リーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Лидс – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лидс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lids" title="Lids – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lids" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B8" title="ਲੀਡਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੀਡਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B2" title="لیڈز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیڈز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Лидс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лидс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="لیدز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیدز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Лидс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лидс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Leeds" title="Lungsod ng Leeds – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lungsod ng Leeds" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="லீட்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லீட்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Лидс – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лидс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ลีดส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลีดส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80)" title="Лидс (шаҳр) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лидс (шаҳр)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Лідс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лідс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B2" title="لیڈز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لیڈز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritis" title="Ritis – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Ritis" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lids" title="Lids – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lids" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B9" title="利兹 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="利兹" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%93%D7%96" title="לידז – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לידז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF" title="列斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="列斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Leeds" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B9" title="利兹 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="利兹" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Leeds&params=53_47_51_N_01_32_37_W_region:GB_type:city(536280)">53°47′51″N 01°32′37″W / 53.79750°N 1.54361°W / 53.79750; -1.54361</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in West Yorkshire, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city. For the district, see <a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">City of Leeds</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Leeds_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Leeds (disambiguation)">Leeds (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Leeds</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div style="height:172px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:PANORAMA_-_Leeds_5_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3075170.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/PANORAMA_-_Leeds_5_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3075170.jpg/330px-PANORAMA_-_Leeds_5_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3075170.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/PANORAMA_-_Leeds_5_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3075170.jpg/500px-PANORAMA_-_Leeds_5_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3075170.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/PANORAMA_-_Leeds_5_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3075170.jpg/960px-PANORAMA_-_Leeds_5_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3075170.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Leeds_city_centre" title="Leeds city centre">Leeds city centre</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_Town_Hall_(30th_January_2019).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Leeds_Town_Hall_%2830th_January_2019%29.jpg/250px-Leeds_Town_Hall_%2830th_January_2019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Leeds_Town_Hall_%2830th_January_2019%29.jpg/330px-Leeds_Town_Hall_%2830th_January_2019%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Town_Hall" title="Leeds Town Hall">Leeds Town Hall</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:County_Arcade_(2022).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/County_Arcade_%282022%29.jpg/120px-County_Arcade_%282022%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/County_Arcade_%282022%29.jpg/250px-County_Arcade_%282022%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2117" data-file-height="2117" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Leeds#Victoria_Quarter" title="Victoria Leeds">County Arcade of the Victoria Quarter</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:115px;max-width:115px"><div style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Granary_Wharf_Flickr_16_June_2023_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Granary_Wharf_Flickr_16_June_2023_2.jpg/113px-Granary_Wharf_Flickr_16_June_2023_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Granary_Wharf_Flickr_16_June_2023_2.jpg/170px-Granary_Wharf_Flickr_16_June_2023_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Granary_Wharf_Flickr_16_June_2023_2.jpg/226px-Granary_Wharf_Flickr_16_June_2023_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="2993" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Granary_Wharf" title="Granary Wharf">Granary Wharf</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_Dock_Flickr_4_August_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Leeds_Dock_Flickr_4_August_2022.jpg/250px-Leeds_Dock_Flickr_4_August_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Leeds_Dock_Flickr_4_August_2022.jpg/330px-Leeds_Dock_Flickr_4_August_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2509" data-file-height="2509" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Dock" title="Leeds Dock">Leeds Dock</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:93px;max-width:93px"><div style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_Parish_Church_Flickr_28_February_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leeds_Parish_Church_Flickr_28_February_2023.jpg/120px-Leeds_Parish_Church_Flickr_28_February_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leeds_Parish_Church_Flickr_28_February_2023.jpg/250px-Leeds_Parish_Church_Flickr_28_February_2023.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2292" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Minster" title="Leeds Minster">Leeds Minster</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Covered_atrium_in_Trinity_Leeds_shopping_centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Covered_atrium_in_Trinity_Leeds_shopping_centre.jpg/250px-Covered_atrium_in_Trinity_Leeds_shopping_centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Covered_atrium_in_Trinity_Leeds_shopping_centre.jpg/330px-Covered_atrium_in_Trinity_Leeds_shopping_centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="4160" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Leeds" title="Trinity Leeds">Trinity shopping centre</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:101px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Square,_Leeds_Flickr_29_June_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/City_Square%2C_Leeds_Flickr_29_June_2024.jpg/250px-City_Square%2C_Leeds_Flickr_29_June_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/City_Square%2C_Leeds_Flickr_29_June_2024.jpg/330px-City_Square%2C_Leeds_Flickr_29_June_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2849" data-file-height="2034" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/City_Square,_Leeds#buildings" title="City Square, Leeds">General Post Office on City Square</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div style="height:101px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Civic_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Civic_Hall.jpg/120px-Civic_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Civic_Hall.jpg/250px-Civic_Hall.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2659" data-file-height="2425" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Civic_Hall" title="Leeds Civic Hall">Civic Hall</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Leeds_City_Council.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coat_of_Arms_of_Leeds_City_Council.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Leeds_City_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coat_of_Arms_of_Leeds_City_Council.svg/250px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Leeds_City_Council.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="495" /></a><div>Coat of arms</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leeds is located in Leeds"><img alt="Leeds is located in Leeds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Leeds_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Leeds_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Leeds_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Leeds_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Leeds_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Leeds_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="675" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.079%;left:48.594%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Leeds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Leeds</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">City of Leeds</a></div>Show map of Leeds</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Yorkshire_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leeds is located in West Yorkshire"><img alt="Leeds is located in West Yorkshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/West_Yorkshire_UK_location_map.svg/250px-West_Yorkshire_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/West_Yorkshire_UK_location_map.svg/500px-West_Yorkshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1039" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.021%;left:67.535%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Leeds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Leeds</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a></div>Show map of West Yorkshire</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">111.6 km2 (43.1 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">536,280 (<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021 estimate</a>; <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">ONS</a>)<a href="#cite_note-2021census-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Density</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,805/km2 (12,440/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=53.800549~-1.547517&lvl=13&sp=Point.53.800549_-1.547517_Leeds&sty=s&style=s">SE299339</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Metropolitan borough</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas of the city</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Adel,_Leeds" title="Adel, Leeds">Adel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alwoodley" title="Alwoodley">Alwoodley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Armley" title="Armley">Armley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Beeston,_Leeds" title="Beeston, Leeds">Beeston</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle,_Leeds" title="Belle Isle, Leeds">Belle Isle</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Black Moor</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bramley,_Leeds" title="Bramley, Leeds">Bramley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Burley,_Leeds" title="Burley, Leeds">Burley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Chapel_Allerton" title="Chapel Allerton">Chapel Allerton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Chapeltown,_Leeds" title="Chapeltown, Leeds">Chapeltown</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Churwell" title="Churwell">Churwell</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds City Centre">City Centre</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Colton,_Leeds" title="Colton, Leeds">Colton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cookridge" title="Cookridge">Cookridge</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cross_Gates" title="Cross Gates">Cross Gates</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Far_Headingley" title="Far Headingley">Far Headingley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gamble_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamble Hill">Gamble Hill</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gipton" title="Gipton">Gipton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gledhow" title="Gledhow">Gledhow</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Halton,_Leeds" title="Halton, Leeds">Halton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Harehills" title="Harehills">Harehills</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hawksworth,_Leeds" title="Hawksworth, Leeds">Hawksworth</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Headingley" title="Headingley">Headingley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hunslet" title="Hunslet">Hunslet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Leeds" title="Hyde Park, Leeds">Hyde Park</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Killingbeck" title="Killingbeck">Killingbeck</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kirkstall" title="Kirkstall">Kirkstall</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Knowsthorpe" title="Knowsthorpe">Knowsthorpe</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lawnswood" title="Lawnswood">Lawnswood</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Dock" title="Leeds Dock">Leeds Dock</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Little_London,_Leeds" title="Little London, Leeds">Little London</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Manston,_Leeds" title="Manston, Leeds">Manston</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Middleton,_Leeds" title="Middleton, Leeds">Middleton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Moor_Allerton" title="Moor Allerton">Moor Allerton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Moorside,_Leeds" title="Moorside, Leeds">Moorside</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Moortown,_Leeds" title="Moortown, Leeds">Moortown</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/New_Farnley" class="mw-redirect" title="New Farnley">New Farnley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Oakwood,_Leeds" title="Oakwood, Leeds">Oakwood</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osmondthorpe" title="Osmondthorpe">Osmondthorpe</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pendas_Fields" title="Pendas Fields">Pendas Fields</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rodley,_West_Yorkshire" title="Rodley, West Yorkshire">Rodley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Roundhay" title="Roundhay">Roundhay</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Seacroft" title="Seacroft">Seacroft</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sheepscar" title="Sheepscar">Sheepscar</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Stourton,_Leeds" title="Stourton, Leeds">Stourton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/The_Calls" title="The Calls">The Calls</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/West_Park,_Leeds" title="West Park, Leeds">West Park</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Wortley,_Leeds" title="Wortley, Leeds">Wortley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">LEEDS</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/LS_postcode_area" title="LS postcode area">LS1-20, LS25-27</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0113</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Police" title="West Yorkshire Police">West Yorkshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service">West Yorkshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Ambulance_Service" title="Yorkshire Ambulance Service">Yorkshire</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Central_and_Headingley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds Central and Headingley (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds Central and Headingley</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds East (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds East</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_North_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds North East (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds North East</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_North_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds North West (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds North West</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds South (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds South</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_South_West_and_Morley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds South West and Morley (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds South West and Morley</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_West_and_Pudsey_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds West and Pudsey (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds West and Pudsey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Selby_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Selby (UK Parliament constituency)">Selby</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wakefield_and_Rothwell_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wakefield and Rothwell (UK Parliament constituency)">Wakefield and Rothwell</a> <a href="/wiki/Wetherby_and_Easingwold_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wetherby and Easingwold (UK Parliament constituency)">Wetherby and Easingwold</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leeds.gov.uk">leeds.gov.uk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>List of places</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Yorkshire" title="List of places in Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></dd></dl></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Leeds&params=53_47_51_N_01_32_37_W_region:GB_type:city(536280)">53°47′51″N 01°32′37″W / 53.79750°N 1.54361°W / 53.79750; -1.54361</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Leeds is a <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>, England. It is the largest settlement in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> and the administrative centre of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">City of Leeds Metropolitan Borough</a>, which is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_population" title="List of English districts by population">second most populous district</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. It is built around the <a href="/wiki/River_Aire" title="River Aire">River Aire</a> and is in the eastern foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Pennines" title="Pennines">Pennines</a>. The city was a small manorial borough in the 13th century and a <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">market town</a> in the 16th century. It expanded by becoming a major production and trading centre (mainly with <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>) in the 17th and 18th centuries. Leeds developed as a <a href="/wiki/Mill_town" title="Mill town">mill town</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> alongside other surrounding villages and towns in the <a href="/wiki/West_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="West Riding of Yorkshire">West Riding of Yorkshire</a>. It was also known for its <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a> industry, <a href="/wiki/Foundry" title="Foundry">iron foundries</a>, engineering and printing, as well as shopping, with several surviving <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a> arcades, such as <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Kirkgate_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds Kirkgate Market">Kirkgate Market</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ene-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> City status was awarded in 1893, and a populous urban centre formed in the following century which absorbed surrounding villages and overtook the population of nearby <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ene-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> Leeds' economy is the most diverse of all the UK's main employment centres, has seen the fastest rate of private-sector jobs growth of any UK city and has the highest ratio of private to <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a> jobs.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> Leeds is home to over 109,000 companies, generating 5% of England's total economic output of £60.5 billion,<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> and is also ranked as a <a href="/wiki/Global_city#GaWC_study" title="Global city">high sufficiency city</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Leeds is considered the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="West Yorkshire Urban Area">West Yorkshire Urban Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> Leeds is also served by five universities, and has the fourth largest student population in the country and the country's <a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_cities_by_GVA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK cities by GVA">fourth largest urban economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> The student population has stimulated growth of the nightlife in the city and there are ample facilities for sporting and cultural activities, including classical and popular music festivals, and a varied collection of museums.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> Leeds has multiple <a href="/wiki/Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorway">motorway</a> links such as the <a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1</a>, <a href="/wiki/M62_motorway" title="M62 motorway">M62</a> and <a href="/wiki/A1(M)_motorway" title="A1(M) motorway">A1(M)</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Leeds_railway_station" title="Leeds railway station">city's railway station</a> is, alongside <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Piccadilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Piccadilly">Manchester Piccadilly</a>, the busiest of its kind in <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">Northern England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> Public transport, rail and road networks in the city and wider region are widespread.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> It is the county's largest settlement, with a population of 536,280,<a href="#cite_note-2021census-1">[1]</a> while the larger City of Leeds district has a population of 812,000 (<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021 census</a>).<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> The city is part of the fourth-largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of urban areas in the United Kingdom">built-up area</a> by population in the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Built-up_Area" title="West Yorkshire Built-up Area">West Yorkshire Built-up Area</a>, with a 2011 census population of 1.7 million.<a href="#cite_note-BUA-19">[18]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Leeds" title="History of Leeds">History of Leeds</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Toponymy">edit</a>]</div> The name derives from the old <a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Brittonic</a> *Lātēnses (via Late Brittonic Lādēses), composed of the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Celtic</a> root *lāt- "violent, boiling" and the borrowed Latin plural derivational suffix -ēnses meaning "people of the fast-flowing river", in reference to the <a href="/wiki/River_Aire" title="River Aire">River Aire</a> that flows through the city.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> This name originally referred to the forested area covering most of the <a href="/wiki/Elmet" title="Elmet">Brittonic kingdom of Elmet</a>, which existed during the 5th century into the early 7th century.<a href="#cite_note-Fletcher-22">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> states in the fourteenth chapter of his <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_History_of_the_English_People" title="Ecclesiastical History of the English People">Ecclesiastical History</a>, in a discussion of an altar surviving from a church erected by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Northumbria</a>, that it is located in ...regione quae vocatur Loidis (Latin, "the region which is called Loidis"). An inhabitant of Leeds is locally known as a <a href="/wiki/Loiner" title="Loiner">Loiner</a>, a word of uncertain origin.<a href="#cite_note-loiner-23">[22]</a> The term Leodensian is also used, from the city's Latin name. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_development">Economic development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Economic development">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Mint,_Granary_Wharf,_Leeds_(5385775582).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/The_Mint%2C_Granary_Wharf%2C_Leeds_%285385775582%29.jpg/250px-The_Mint%2C_Granary_Wharf%2C_Leeds_%285385775582%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/The_Mint%2C_Granary_Wharf%2C_Leeds_%285385775582%29.jpg/330px-The_Mint%2C_Granary_Wharf%2C_Leeds_%285385775582%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/The_Mint%2C_Granary_Wharf%2C_Leeds_%285385775582%29.jpg/500px-The_Mint%2C_Granary_Wharf%2C_Leeds_%285385775582%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3750" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Leeds_and_Liverpool_Canal" title="Leeds and Liverpool Canal">Leeds and Liverpool Canal</a> at <a href="/wiki/Granary_Wharf" title="Granary Wharf">Granary Wharf</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inside_the_Corn_Exchange_2_-_Leeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Inside_the_Corn_Exchange_2_-_Leeds.jpg/250px-Inside_the_Corn_Exchange_2_-_Leeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Inside_the_Corn_Exchange_2_-_Leeds.jpg/330px-Inside_the_Corn_Exchange_2_-_Leeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Inside_the_Corn_Exchange_2_-_Leeds.jpg/500px-Inside_the_Corn_Exchange_2_-_Leeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2956" data-file-height="1949" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Corn_Exchange" title="Leeds Corn Exchange">Leeds Corn Exchange</a> opened in 1864.</figcaption></figure> Leeds developed as a <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">market town</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> as part of the local agricultural economy. Before the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, it became a co-ordination centre for the manufacture of woollen cloth, and white <a href="/wiki/Broadcloth" title="Broadcloth">broadcloth</a> was traded at its <a href="/wiki/1st_White_Cloth_Hall" title="1st White Cloth Hall">White Cloth Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cloth-24">[23]</a> Leeds handled one sixth of England's export trade in 1770.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> Growth, initially in textiles, was accelerated by the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Aire_and_Calder_Navigation" title="Aire and Calder Navigation">Aire and Calder Navigation</a> in 1699 (with major additional works in the 18th century) and the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_and_Liverpool_Canal" title="Leeds and Liverpool Canal">Leeds and Liverpool Canal</a> in 1816.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> In the late <a href="/wiki/Georgian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian period">Georgian</a> era, <a href="/wiki/Lupton_family" title="Lupton family">William Lupton</a> was one of a number of central Leeds landowners, some of whom, like him, were also textile manufacturers. At the time of his death in 1828, Lupton occupied the <a href="/wiki/Enclosure" title="Enclosure">enclosed</a> fields of the <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">manor of Leeds</a>, his estate including a mill, <a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">reservoir</a>, substantial house and outbuildings.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> Mechanical engineering, initially to supply tools and machinery for the textile sector, rapidly became a diverse industry.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> The railway network constructed around Leeds, starting with the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_and_Selby_Railway" title="Leeds and Selby Railway">Leeds and Selby Railway</a> in 1834, provided improved communications with national markets and, significantly for its development, an east–west connection with <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> and the ports of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Hull</a> giving improved access to international markets.<a href="#cite_note-transport_geo-30">[29]</a> Alongside technological advances and industrial expansion, Leeds retained an interest in trading in agricultural commodities, with the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Corn_Exchange" title="Leeds Corn Exchange">Corn Exchange</a> opening in 1864.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Rhodes_-_Leeds_from_the_Meadows.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Joseph_Rhodes_-_Leeds_from_the_Meadows.jpg/250px-Joseph_Rhodes_-_Leeds_from_the_Meadows.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Joseph_Rhodes_-_Leeds_from_the_Meadows.jpg/330px-Joseph_Rhodes_-_Leeds_from_the_Meadows.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Joseph_Rhodes_-_Leeds_from_the_Meadows.jpg/500px-Joseph_Rhodes_-_Leeds_from_the_Meadows.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption>Leeds from the Meadows by Joseph Rhodes, 1825</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Marshall%27s_Mill" title="Marshall's Mill">Marshall's Mill</a> was one of the first of many factories constructed in Leeds from around 1790 when the most significant were woollen finishing and flax mills.<a href="#cite_note-Fraser_1982_1442-32">[31]</a> Manufacturing diversified by 1914 to printing, engineering, chemicals and clothing manufacture.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> Decline in manufacturing during the 1930s was temporarily reversed by a switch to producing military uniforms and munitions during the Second World War. However, by the 1970s, the clothing industry was in irreversible decline, facing cheap foreign competition.<a href="#cite_note-suit_leeds-34">[33]</a> The contemporary economy has been shaped by <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Council" title="Leeds City Council">Leeds City Council</a>'s vision of building a '24-hour European city' and 'capital of the north'.<a href="#cite_note-imagine-35">[34]</a> The city has developed from the decay of the post-industrial era to become a telephone banking centre, connected to the electronic infrastructure of the modern global economy.<a href="#cite_note-imagine-35">[34]</a> There has been growth in the corporate and legal sectors,<a href="#cite_note-legal-36">[35]</a> and increased local affluence has led to an expanding retail sector, including the <a href="/wiki/Luxury_goods" title="Luxury goods">luxury goods</a> market.<a href="#cite_note-retail-37">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Region" title="Leeds City Region">Leeds City Region Enterprise Zone</a> was launched in April 2012 to promote development in four sites along the <a href="/wiki/A63_road" title="A63 road">A63</a> East Leeds Link Road.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Local government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Yorkshire" title="History of local government in Yorkshire">History of local government in Yorkshire</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:left; text-align:center; margin-left:10px; margin-right:10px; margin-top:0;"> <caption>Leeds (parish) population </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>1881 </th> <td>160,109 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1891 </th> <td>177,523 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1901 </th> <td>177,920 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1911 </th> <td>259,394 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1921 </th> <td>269,665 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1931 </th> <td>482,809 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1941 </th> <td>No census due to war </td></tr> <tr> <th>1951 </th> <td>505,219 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1961 </th> <td>510,676 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Census_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Census in the United Kingdom">UK census</a><a href="#cite_note-population_parish-39">[38]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Leeds was a manor and township in the large ancient parish of Leeds St Peter, in the <a href="/wiki/Skyrack" title="Skyrack">Skyrack</a> <a href="/wiki/Hundred_(county_division)" title="Hundred (county division)">wapentake</a> of the <a href="/wiki/West_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="West Riding of Yorkshire">West Riding</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vision_parish-40">[39]</a> The Borough of Leeds was created in 1207, when Maurice Paynel, lord of the manor, granted a charter to a small area of the manor, close to the river crossing, in what is now the city centre. King <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a> granted the borough to his wife, <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a>, and in 1612, she ordered a survey of the borough; in 1615 she was petitioned to remove the strict <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinist</a> preacher Alexander Cooke as vicar of Leeds, but she refused.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> The inhabitants petitioned <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> for a charter of incorporation, which was granted in 1626. The new charter incorporated the entire parish, including all eleven townships, as the <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_Leeds" title="County Borough of Leeds">Borough of Leeds</a> and withdrew the earlier charter. <a href="/wiki/Improvement_commissioners" title="Improvement commissioners">Improvement commissioners</a> were set up in 1755 for paving, lighting, and cleansing of the main streets, including <a href="/wiki/Briggate,_Leeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Briggate, Leeds">Briggate</a> and further powers were added in 1790 to improve the water supply.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> The borough corporation was reformed under the provisions of <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_Act_1835" title="Municipal Corporations Act 1835">Municipal Corporations Act 1835</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Police" title="Leeds City Police">Leeds Borough Police</a> force was formed in 1836, and <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Town_Hall" title="Leeds Town Hall">Leeds Town Hall</a> was completed by the corporation in 1858. In 1866, Leeds and each of the other townships in the borough became <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parishes</a>. The borough became a <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a> in 1889, giving it independence from the newly formed West Riding County Council and it gained <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a> in 1893.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> In 1904 the Leeds parish absorbed <a href="/wiki/Beeston,_Leeds" title="Beeston, Leeds">Beeston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Allerton" title="Chapel Allerton">Chapel Allerton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farnley,_West_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnley, West Yorkshire">Farnley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Headingley_cum_Burley" class="mw-redirect" title="Headingley cum Burley">Headingley cum Burley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potternewton" title="Potternewton">Potternewton</a> from within the borough. In the twentieth century the county borough initiated a series of significant territorial expansions, growing from 21,593 acres (87.38 km2) in 1911 to 40,612 acres (164.35 km2) in 1961.<a href="#cite_note-vision_cb-44">[43]</a> In 1912 the parish and county borough of Leeds absorbed <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Rural_District" title="Leeds Rural District">Leeds Rural District</a>, consisting of the parishes of <a href="/wiki/Roundhay" title="Roundhay">Roundhay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seacroft" title="Seacroft">Seacroft</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Shadwell,_West_Yorkshire" title="Shadwell, West Yorkshire">Shadwell</a>, which had been part of Wetherby Rural District. On 1 April 1925, the parish of Leeds was expanded to cover the whole borough.<a href="#cite_note-vision_parish-40">[39]</a> The county borough was abolished on 1 April 1974, and its former area was combined with that of the municipal boroughs of <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Borough_of_Morley" title="Municipal Borough of Morley">Morley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Borough_of_Pudsey" title="Municipal Borough of Pudsey">Pudsey</a>; the urban districts of <a href="/wiki/Aireborough" title="Aireborough">Aireborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horsforth" title="Horsforth">Horsforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otley" title="Otley">Otley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garforth" title="Garforth">Garforth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rothwell,_West_Yorkshire" title="Rothwell, West Yorkshire">Rothwell</a>; and parts of the rural districts of <a href="/wiki/Tadcaster_Rural_District" title="Tadcaster Rural District">Tadcaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wetherby_Rural_District" title="Wetherby Rural District">Wetherby</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wharfedale_Rural_District" title="Wharfedale Rural District">Wharfedale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> This area formed a metropolitan district in the county of <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>. It gained both borough and city status and is known as the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">City of Leeds</a>. Initially, local government services were provided by <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Council" title="Leeds City Council">Leeds City Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_County_Council" title="West Yorkshire County Council">West Yorkshire County Council</a>. When the county council was abolished in 1986, the city council absorbed its functions, and some powers passed to organisations such as the <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Metro" title="West Yorkshire Metro">West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Authority</a>. From 1988 two run-down and derelict areas close to the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_city_centre" title="Leeds city centre">city centre</a> were designated for regeneration and became the responsibility of <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Development_Corporation" title="Leeds Development Corporation">Leeds Development Corporation</a>, outside the planning remit of the city council.<a href="#cite_note-leeds_dc-46">[45]</a> Planning powers were restored to the local authority in 1995 when the development corporation was wound up.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suburban_growth">Suburban growth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Suburban growth">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_1866_by_J_Bartholemew_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="This map shows central Leeds and (clockwise from top left) the developing suburbs of Hyde Park, Woodhouse, Sheepscar, New Leeds, Cross Green, Hunslet, Holbeck, Wortley, Armley and Burley." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Leeds_1866_by_J_Bartholemew_edited.jpg/220px-Leeds_1866_by_J_Bartholemew_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Leeds_1866_by_J_Bartholemew_edited.jpg/330px-Leeds_1866_by_J_Bartholemew_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Leeds_1866_by_J_Bartholemew_edited.jpg/440px-Leeds_1866_by_J_Bartholemew_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption>1866 map of Leeds</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Valentine_The_Briggate_Leeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/James_Valentine_The_Briggate_Leeds.jpg/250px-James_Valentine_The_Briggate_Leeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/James_Valentine_The_Briggate_Leeds.jpg/330px-James_Valentine_The_Briggate_Leeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/James_Valentine_The_Briggate_Leeds.jpg/500px-James_Valentine_The_Briggate_Leeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="609" /></a><figcaption>19th-century <a href="/wiki/Briggate" title="Briggate">Briggate, Leeds</a></figcaption></figure> In 1801, 42% of the population of Leeds lived outside the township, in the wider borough. <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">Cholera</a> outbreaks in 1832 and 1849 caused the authorities to address the problems of drainage, sanitation, and water supply. Water was pumped from the River Wharfe, but by 1860 it was too heavily polluted to be usable. Following the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds_Waterworks_Act_1867&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leeds Waterworks Act 1867 (page does not exist)">Leeds Waterworks Act 1867</a> (<a href="/wiki/30_%26_31_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="30 & 31 Vict.">30 & 31 Vict.</a> c. cxli) three reservoirs were built at Lindley Wood, Swinsty, and Fewston in the Washburn Valley north of Leeds.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> Residential growth occurred in Holbeck and Hunslet from 1801 to 1851, but, as these townships became industrialised new areas were favoured for middle class housing.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> Land south of the river was developed primarily for industry and secondarily for <a href="/wiki/Back-to-back_house" title="Back-to-back house">back-to-back</a> workers' dwellings. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds_Improvement_Act_1866&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leeds Improvement Act 1866 (page does not exist)">Leeds Improvement Act 1866</a> (<a href="/wiki/29_%26_30_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="29 & 30 Vict.">29 & 30 Vict.</a> c. clvii) sought to improve the quality of working class housing by restricting the number of homes that could be built in a single terrace.<a href="#cite_note-discover_house-50">[49]</a> Holbeck and Leeds formed a continuous built-up area by 1858, with Hunslet nearly meeting them.<a href="#cite_note-Fraser_1982_98-51">[50]</a> In the latter half of the nineteenth century, population growth in Hunslet, Armley, and Wortley outstripped that of Leeds. When pollution became a problem, the wealthier residents left the industrial conurbation to live in Headingley, Potternewton and Chapel Allerton which led to a 50% increase in the population of Headingley and Burley from 1851 to 1861. The middle-class flight from the industrial areas led to development beyond the borough at Roundhay and Adel.<a href="#cite_note-Fraser_1982_98-51">[50]</a> The introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Tramway" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds Tramway">electric tramway</a> led to intensification of development in Headingley and Potternewton and expansion outside the borough into Roundhay.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> Two private gas supply companies were taken over by the corporation in 1870, and the municipal supply provided street lighting and cheaper gas to homes. From the early 1880s, the Yorkshire House-to-House Electricity Company supplied electricity to Leeds until it was purchased by Leeds Corporation and became a municipal supply.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Slum clearance in the United Kingdom">Slum clearance</a> and rebuilding began in Leeds during the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a> when over 18,000 houses were built by the council on 24 estates in <a href="/wiki/Cross_Gates" title="Cross Gates">Cross Gates</a>, Middleton, Gipton, Belle Isle and Halton Moor. The slums of <a href="/wiki/Quarry_Hill,_Leeds" title="Quarry Hill, Leeds">Quarry Hill</a> were replaced by the innovative Quarry Hill flats, which were demolished in 1975. Another 36,000 houses were built by private sector builders, creating suburbs in Gledhow, Moortown, Alwoodley, Roundhay, Colton, Whitkirk, <a href="/wiki/Oakwood,_Leeds" title="Oakwood, Leeds">Oakwood</a>, Weetwood, and Adel. After 1949 a further 30,000 sub-standard houses were demolished by the council and replaced by 151 medium-rise and high-rise blocks of council flats in estates at Seacroft, Armley Heights, Tinshill, and Brackenwood.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Leeds has seen great expenditure on regenerating the city, attracting in investments and flagship projects,<a href="#cite_note-leeds_skyscraper-55">[54]</a> as found in <a href="/wiki/Leeds_city_centre" title="Leeds city centre">Leeds city centre</a>. Many developments boasting luxurious penthouse apartments have been built close to the city centre. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> At <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Leeds&params=53_47_59_N_1_32_57_W_type:city">53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917</a> (53.799°, −1.549°), and 190 miles (310 km) north-northwest of <a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">central London</a>, central Leeds is located on the <a href="/wiki/River_Aire" title="River Aire">River Aire</a> in a narrow section of the Aire Valley in the eastern foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Pennines" title="Pennines">Pennines</a>. The city centre lies at about 206 feet (63 m) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> while the district ranges from 1,115 feet (340 m) in the far west on the slopes of <a href="/wiki/Ilkley_Moor" title="Ilkley Moor">Ilkley Moor</a> to about 33 feet (10 m) where the rivers Aire and Wharfe cross the eastern boundary. The centre of Leeds is part of a continuously built-up area extending to Pudsey, Bramley, Horsforth, Alwoodley, Seacroft, Middleton and Morley.<a href="#cite_note-UAmap2-56">[55]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HorsforthPark01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/HorsforthPark01.jpg/250px-HorsforthPark01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/HorsforthPark01.jpg/330px-HorsforthPark01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/HorsforthPark01.jpg/500px-HorsforthPark01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2528" data-file-height="1715" /></a><figcaption>Leeds is home to many large urban parks.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a></figcaption></figure> Leeds has the second <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_population" title="List of English districts by population">highest population</a> of any local authority district in the UK (after <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>), and the second <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_area" title="List of English districts by area">greatest area</a> of any English <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan district</a> (after <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Doncaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster">Doncaster</a>), extending 15 miles (24 km) from east to west, and 13 miles (21 km) from north to south. The northern boundary follows the <a href="/wiki/River_Wharfe" title="River Wharfe">River Wharfe</a> for several miles but crosses the river to include the part of Otley which lies north of the river. Over 65% of the Leeds district is <a href="/wiki/Green_belt_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green belt (UK)">green belt</a> land and the city centre is less than twenty miles (32 km) from the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales" title="Yorkshire Dales">Yorkshire Dales National Park</a>,<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> which has some of the most spectacular scenery and countryside in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> Inner and southern areas of Leeds lie on a layer of coal measure sandstones. To the north parts are built on older sandstone and gritstones and to the east it extends into the magnesian limestone belt.<a href="#cite_note-Fraser_1982_1442-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kendall_&_Wroot2-60">[59]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Land_use" title="Land use">land use</a> in the central areas of Leeds is overwhelmingly urban.<a href="#cite_note-UAmap3-61">[60]</a> Attempts to define the exact geographic meaning of Leeds lead to a variety of concepts of its extent, varying by context include the area of the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_city_centre" title="Leeds city centre">city centre</a>, the urban sprawl, the administrative boundaries, and the <a href="/wiki/Functional_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Functional region">functional region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fraser_1982_4562-62">[61]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Leeds is much more a generalised concept place name in inverted commas, it is the city, but it is also the commuter villages and the region as well. <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Brian Thompson, A History of Modern Leeds<a href="#cite_note-Fraser_1982_4562-62">[61]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Leeds has a varying extent by context such as the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_city_centre" title="Leeds city centre">city centre</a>, the built-up sprawl around the centre, administrative boundaries and the <a href="/wiki/Travel_to_work_area" title="Travel to work area">travel to work area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fraser_1982_4562-62">[61]</a> The city centre lies in a narrow section of the Aire Valley at about 206 feet (63 m) <a href="/wiki/Metres_above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Metres above sea level">above sea level</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Land_use" title="Land use">land use</a> in the central areas of Leeds is overwhelmingly urban.<a href="#cite_note-UAmap-63">[62]</a> while being less than twenty miles (32 km) from the rural <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales" title="Yorkshire Dales">Yorkshire Dales National Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> It is contained within the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Inner_Ring_Road" title="Leeds Inner Ring Road">Leeds Inner Ring Road</a>, formed from parts of the <a href="/wiki/A58_road" title="A58 road">A58 road</a>, <a href="/wiki/A61_road" title="A61 road">A61 road</a>, <a href="/wiki/A64_road" title="A64 road">A64 road</a>, <a href="/wiki/A643_road" title="A643 road">A643 road</a> and the <a href="/wiki/M621_motorway" title="M621 motorway">M621 motorway</a>. <a href="/wiki/Briggate,_Leeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Briggate, Leeds">Briggate</a>, the principal north–south shopping street, is pedestrianised and Queen Victoria Street, a part of the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Quarter" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Quarter">Victoria Quarter</a>, is enclosed under a glass roof. <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Square_(Leeds)" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Square (Leeds)">Millennium Square</a> is a significant urban focal point.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:River_Aire_waterfront,_Leeds_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The canalised River Aire flows from the Dark Arches under Leeds's main railway station towards the bottom of the picture. To the left of the river is the lock which links the river with the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. To the right is a riverside walk beneath modern buildings, and in the distance, beyond the railway viaduct and station, are more high-rise modern buildings located on the west side of the city centre." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/River_Aire_waterfront%2C_Leeds_001.jpg/250px-River_Aire_waterfront%2C_Leeds_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/River_Aire_waterfront%2C_Leeds_001.jpg/330px-River_Aire_waterfront%2C_Leeds_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/River_Aire_waterfront%2C_Leeds_001.jpg/500px-River_Aire_waterfront%2C_Leeds_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2432" data-file-height="1793" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/River_Aire" title="River Aire">River Aire</a> </figcaption></figure> Inner and southern areas of Leeds lie on a layer of coal measure sandstones forming the <a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire_Coalfield" title="South Yorkshire Coalfield">Yorkshire Coalfield</a>. To the north parts are built on older sandstone and gritstones and to the east it extends into the magnesian limestone belt.<a href="#cite_note-Fraser_1982_1442-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kendall_&_Wroot-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Outside Leeds centre, there are a <a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Leeds" title="List of places in Leeds">number of suburbs and exurbs</a> within the district. Some of Leeds suburbs include Headingley, Harehills and Hunslet. while exurbs of Leeds include Pudsey, Horsforth and Morley.<a href="#cite_note-UAmap-63">[62]</a> Lying in the eastern foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Pennines" title="Pennines">Pennines</a>, there is a significant variation in elevation within the city's built-up area. The district ranges from 1,115 feet (340 m) in the far west on the slopes of <a href="/wiki/Ilkley_Moor" title="Ilkley Moor">Ilkley Moor</a> to about 33 feet (10 m) where the rivers Aire and Wharfe cross the eastern boundary. Land rises to 198 m (650 ft) in Cookridge, just 6 miles (9.7 km) from the city centre. The northern boundary follows the <a href="/wiki/River_Wharfe" title="River Wharfe">River Wharfe</a> for several miles (several kilometres), but it crosses the river to include the part of Otley which lies north of the river. The <a href="/wiki/LS_postcode_area" title="LS postcode area">Leeds postcode area</a> covers most of the City of Leeds district<a href="#cite_note-postal_council-68">[67]</a> and is almost entirely made up of the Leeds <a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">post town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mail_guide-69">[68]</a> Otley, Wetherby, Tadcaster, Pudsey and Ilkley are separate post towns within the postcode area.<a href="#cite_note-mail_guide-69">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_belt">Green belt</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Green belt">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/South_and_West_Yorkshire_Green_Belt" title="South and West Yorkshire Green Belt">South and West Yorkshire Green Belt</a></div> Leeds is within a <a href="/wiki/Green_belt_(United_Kingdom)" title="Green belt (United Kingdom)">green belt</a> region that extends into the wider surrounding counties and is in place to reduce <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>, prevent the settlements in the West Yorkshire conurbation from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, encourage <a href="/wiki/Brownfield_land" title="Brownfield land">brownfield</a> reuse, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas, and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building.<a href="#cite_note-belt1-70">[69]</a> Over 60% of the Leeds district is green belt land and it surrounds the settlement, preventing further sprawl towards nearby communities. Larger outlying towns and villages are exempt from the green belt area. However, smaller villages, hamlets and rural areas are 'washed over' by the designation. The green belt was first adopted in 1960,<a href="#cite_note-belt1-70">[69]</a> and the size in the borough in 2017 amounted to some 33,970 hectares (339.7 km2; 131.2 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> A subsidiary aim of the green belt is to encourage recreation and leisure interests,<a href="#cite_note-belt1-70">[69]</a> with rural landscape features, greenfield areas and facilities including Temple Newsam Park and House with golf course, Rothwell Country Park, Middleton Park, Kirkstall Abbey ruins and surrounding park, Bedquilts recreation grounds, Waterloo lake, Roundhay castle and park, and Morwick, Cobble and Elmete Halls. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Park_Square_and_Leeds_Town_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_183544.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Park_Square_and_Leeds_Town_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_183544.jpg/220px-Park_Square_and_Leeds_Town_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_183544.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Park_Square_and_Leeds_Town_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_183544.jpg/330px-Park_Square_and_Leeds_Town_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_183544.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Park_Square_and_Leeds_Town_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_183544.jpg/440px-Park_Square_and_Leeds_Town_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_183544.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Sunny early-June 2006 day at <a href="/wiki/Park_Square,_Leeds" title="Park Square, Leeds">Park Square</a></figcaption></figure> Leeds has a climate that is <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Cfb), and influenced by the Pennines. Summers are usually mild, with moderate rainfall, while winters are chilly, cloudy with occasional snow and frost. The nearest official weather recording station is at Bingley, some twelve miles (20 km) away at a higher altitude.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> July is the warmest month, with a mean temperature of 16 °C (61 °F), while the coldest month is January, with a mean temperature of 3 °C (37 °F). Temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F) and below −10 °C (14 °F) are not very common but can happen occasionally. Temperatures at Leeds Bradford Airport fell to −12.6 °C (9.3 °F) in December 2010<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> and reached 31.8 °C (89 °F) at Leeds city centre in August 2003.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> The record temperature for Leeds is 34.4 °C (94 °F) during the early August 1990 heatwave. It is likely this was exceeded during the heatwaves of July 2019 and July 2022 where many other areas broke their all time records. However, Leeds weather centre closed in the 2000s. As is typical for many sprawling cities in areas of varying topography, temperatures can change depending on location. Average July and August daytime highs exceed 22 °C (72 °F) (a value comparable to South East England) in a small area just to the south east of the city centre,<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> where the elevation declines to under 20 metres (66 feet). This is 2 °C (3.6 °F) milder than the typical summer temperature at Leeds Bradford airport weather station (shown in the chart below), at an elevation of 208 metres (682 feet). Situated on the eastern side of the Pennines, Leeds is among the driest cities in the United Kingdom, with an annual rainfall of 660 mm (25.98 in). Though extreme weather in Leeds is relatively rare, thunderstorms, blizzards, gale-force winds and even tornadoes have struck the city. The last reported tornado occurred on 14 September 2006, causing trees to uproot and signal failures at <a href="/wiki/Leeds_railway_station" title="Leeds railway station">Leeds City railway station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Leeds Bradford, extremes 1985–2003 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 (57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5 (63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1 (79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5 (83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1 (88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4 (93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5 (76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3 (59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.4 (93.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 (42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 (42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 (47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 (52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15 (59) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2 (64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9 (67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9 (67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4 (56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 (47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 (44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.6 (54.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 (37.6) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 (37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 (41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 (45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4 (56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2 (59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2 (59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0 (55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 (49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 (42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 (39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.8 (47.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 (32.5) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (32.4) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 (34.9) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 (37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 (41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 (47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 (47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 (43.3) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 (37.2) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 (34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.9 (40.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.9 (17.8) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.5 (16.7) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.5 (20.3) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1 (28.2) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 (32.5) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 (36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 (43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 (41.9) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 (35.8) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5 (25.7) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.5 (22.1) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.9 (17.8) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−8.5 (16.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61 (2.4) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 (1.8) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 (2.0) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 (1.9) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 (2.1) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 (2.1) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 (2.0) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 (2.6) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 (2.2) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 (2.2) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 (2.2) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61 (2.4) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">660 (25.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.5 </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.8 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.9 </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.1 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.5 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.0 </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">172.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="#cite_note-wtclimate-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Leeds" title="Demographics of Leeds">Demographics of Leeds</a></div> Leeds forms the main area of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">City of Leeds</a> metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire. This district includes Leeds itself as well as surrounding towns of <a href="/wiki/Horsforth" title="Horsforth">Horsforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morley,_West_Yorkshire" title="Morley, West Yorkshire">Morley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otley" title="Otley">Otley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pudsey" title="Pudsey">Pudsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rothwell,_West_Yorkshire" title="Rothwell, West Yorkshire">Rothwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wetherby" title="Wetherby">Wetherby</a>,<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> Leeds is the central city of the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Region" title="Leeds City Region">Leeds City Region</a>, a classification for the city region's <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>. The city region has a population of over 3 million, making it the second most populated metropolitan city region in the United Kingdom, behind <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> In January 2011, Leeds was named as one of five "cities to watch" in a report published by Centre for Cities.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> The report shows that the average resident in Leeds earns £471 per week,<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> 17th nationally and 30.9% of Leeds residents had NVQ4+ high-level qualifications,<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> 15th nationally. Employment in Leeds was 68.8% in the period June 2012 to June 2013, which was lower than the national average, whilst unemployment was higher than the national average at 9.6% over the same time period.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> Leeds is overall less deprived than other large UK cities and average income is above regional averages.<a href="#cite_note-westyorkshireobservatory.org-87">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_subdivision">Urban subdivision</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Urban subdivision">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:10px;"> <caption>Leeds compared </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_urban_subdivision_in_West_Yorkshire_urban_area.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Leeds urban subdivision shown within the West Yorkshire urban area"><img alt="A map of West Yorkshire showing the Leeds urban subdivision of the West Yorkshire Urban Area (which is made up of five councils) coloured green and the rest of the Urban area coloured blue-grey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Leeds_urban_subdivision_in_West_Yorkshire_urban_area.png/250px-Leeds_urban_subdivision_in_West_Yorkshire_urban_area.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Leeds_urban_subdivision_in_West_Yorkshire_urban_area.png/500px-Leeds_urban_subdivision_in_West_Yorkshire_urban_area.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2742" data-file-height="1769" /></a><figcaption>Leeds urban subdivision shown within the West Yorkshire urban area</figcaption></figure>Leeds urban subdivision within the West Yorkshire urban area </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2021">2021 UK Census</a></th> <th>Leeds USD</th> <th><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds district</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="West Yorkshire Urban Area">West Yorks UA</a></th> <th>England </th></tr> <tr> <td>Population</td> <td>515,947</td> <td>811,953</td> <td>2,351,582</td> <td>56,489,840 </td></tr> <tr> <td>White</td> <td>71.2%</td> <td>79.0%</td> <td>76.6%</td> <td>81.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian</td> <td>13.1%</td> <td>9.7%</td> <td>15.9%</td> <td>9.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black</td> <td>8.3%</td> <td>5.6%</td> <td>3.1%</td> <td>4.2% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Source: Office for National Statistics<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2001">United Kingdom Census 2001</a>, the Leeds urban subdivision occupied an area of 109 square kilometres (42 sq mi) and had a population of 443,247; making it the fourth-most populous urban subdivision within England and the fifth largest within the United Kingdom. The population density was 4,066 inhabitants per square kilometre (10,530/sq mi), slightly higher than the rest of the <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="West Yorkshire Urban Area">West Yorkshire Urban Area</a>. It accounts for 20% of the area and 62% of the population of the City of Leeds. The population of the urban subdivision had a 100 to 93.1 female–male ratio.<a href="#cite_note-urban_pop-93">[92]</a> Of those over 16 years old, 39.4% were single (never married) and 35.4% married for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-marital_pop-94">[93]</a> The urban subdivision's 188,890 households included 35% one-person, 27.9% married couples living together, 8.8% were co-habiting couples, and 5.7% single parents with their children. Leeds is the largest component of the West Yorkshire Urban Area<a href="#cite_note-UAmap-63">[62]</a> and is counted by <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> as part of the Leeds-Bradford <a href="/wiki/Larger_urban_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger urban zone">larger urban zone</a>. The Leeds <a href="/wiki/Travel_to_work_area" title="Travel to work area">travel to work area</a> in 2001 included all of the City of Leeds, a northern strip of the City of Bradford, the eastern part of Kirklees, and a section of southern North Yorkshire; it occupies 751 square kilometres (290 sq mi). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale collapsible collapsed" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1801</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">94,421</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1811</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">108,459</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">137,476</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1831</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">183,015</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+33.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1841</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">222,189</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+21.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">249,992</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">311,197</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">372,402</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">433,607</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">503,493</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+16.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">552,479</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">606,250</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">625,854</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">646,119</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">668,667</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">692,003</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">715,260</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">739,401</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">696,732</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">716,760</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">715,404</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">751,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Vision of Britain<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> In 2011, the Leeds urban subdivision had a population of 474,632 and had an area of 112 square kilometres (43 sq mi) with a population density of 4,238 inhabitants per square kilometre (10,980/sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-96">[95]</a> It is bounded by, and physically attached to, the other towns of <a href="/wiki/Garforth" title="Garforth">Garforth</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Morley,_West_Yorkshire" title="Morley, West Yorkshire">Morley</a> to the southwest and <a href="/wiki/Pudsey" title="Pudsey">Pudsey</a> to the west, all being within the wider borough. 63% of the borough's population of 751,485 live in the urban subdivision, while it takes up only 21% of its total area of 552 km2. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_district">Metropolitan district</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Metropolitan district">edit</a>]</div> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011 UK Census</a>, the district had a total population of 751,500, representing a 5% growth since the previous census ten years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-westyorkshireobservatory.org-87">[86]</a> According to the 2001 UK Census, there were 301,614 households in Leeds; 33.3% were married couples living together, 31.6% were single-person households, 9.0% were <a href="/wiki/Cohabitation" title="Cohabitation">co-habiting</a> couples and 9.8% were single parents, following a similar trend to the rest of England.<a href="#cite_note-household-97">[96]</a> The population density was 1,967/km2 (5,090/sq mi)<a href="#cite_note-household-97">[96]</a> and for every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. Leeds is a diverse city with over 75 ethnic groups, and with ethnic minorities representing just under 11.6% of the total population.<a href="#cite_note-westyorkshireobservatory.org-87">[86]</a> According to figures from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011 UK Census</a>, 85.0% of the population was <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White</a> (81.1% <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">White British</a>, 0.9% <a href="/wiki/Irish_migration_to_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish migration to Great Britain">White Irish</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy (term)">Gypsy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Irish_Traveller" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Traveller">Irish Traveller</a>, 2.9% <a href="/wiki/Other_White" title="Other White">Other White</a>), 2.7% of <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">mixed race</a> (1.2% White and Black Caribbean, 0.3% White and Black African, 0.7% White and Asian, 0.5% Other Mixed), 7.7% <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian</a> (2.1% <a href="/wiki/British_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian">Indian</a>, 3.0% <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">Pakistani</a>, 0.6% <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="British Bangladeshi">Bangladeshi</a>, 0.8% <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">Chinese</a>, 1.2% Other Asian), 3.5% <a href="/wiki/Black_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Black British">Black</a> (2.0% African, 0.9% <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">Caribbean</a>, 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Other_Black" class="mw-redirect" title="Other Black">Other Black</a>), 0.5% <a href="/wiki/British_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="British Arab">Arab</a> and 0.6% of other ethnic heritage. Leeds has seen many new different countries of birth as of the <a href="/wiki/UK_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Census">UK Census</a> including <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> all included in the top ten countries of birth in the city. Large Pakistani communities can be seen in wards such as Gipton and Harehills. Chapel Allerton is known for having a large Caribbean community.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> The majority of people in Leeds identify themselves as Christian.<a href="#cite_note-Census_Data-99">[98]</a> The proportion of Muslims (3.0% of the population) is average for the country.<a href="#cite_note-Census_Data-99">[98]</a> Leeds has the third-largest community of Jews in the United Kingdom, after those of London and Manchester. The areas of <a href="/wiki/Alwoodley" title="Alwoodley">Alwoodley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moortown,_Leeds" title="Moortown, Leeds">Moortown</a> contain sizeable Jewish communities.<a href="#cite_note-Freedman-100">[99]</a> 16.8% of Leeds residents in the 2001 census declared themselves as having "No Religion", which is broadly in line with the figure for the whole of the UK (also 8.1% "religion not stated"). The crime rate in Leeds is well above the national average, like many other English major cities.<a href="#cite_note-crime_street-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-crime_stat-102">[101]</a> In July 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a> <a href="/wiki/Reform_(think_tank)" title="Reform (think tank)">Reform</a> calculated rates of crime for different offences and has related this to populations of major urban areas (defined as towns over 100,000 population). Leeds was 11th in this rating (excluding London boroughs, 23rd including London boroughs).<a href="#cite_note-reform-103">[102]</a> Total recorded crime in Leeds fell by 45% between March 2002 and December 2011<a href="#cite_note-westyorkshireobservatory.org-87">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Governance">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">City of Leeds</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Civic_Hall_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Civic_Hall_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg/250px-Civic_Hall_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Civic_Hall_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg/330px-Civic_Hall_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Civic_Hall_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg/500px-Civic_Hall_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1583" data-file-height="1583" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Civic_Hall" title="Leeds Civic Hall">Leeds Civic Hall</a> is the seat of local government.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">City of Leeds</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">local government district</a> covering Leeds, and the local authority is <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Council" title="Leeds City Council">Leeds City Council</a>. The council is composed of 99 councillors, three for each of the district's <a href="/wiki/Wards_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Wards of the United Kingdom">wards</a>. Elections are held three years out of four, on the first Thursday of May. One third of the councillors are elected, for a four-year term, in each election. The council is currently controlled by <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a>. <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a> does not have a county council, so Leeds City Council is the primary provider of local government services for the city. The district is in the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a> region of England. Most of the district is an <a href="/wiki/Unparished_area" title="Unparished area">unparished area</a>. In the unparished area, there is no lower tier of government. Outside the unparished area, there are 31 civil parishes, represented by <a href="/wiki/Parish_councils_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish councils in England">parish councils</a>. These are the lowest tier of local government<a href="#cite_note-leeds_parish-104">[103]</a> and absorb some limited functions from Leeds City Council in their areas. The district is represented by ten <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MPs</a>, for the constituencies of <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Central_and_Headingley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds Central and Headingley (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds Central and Headingley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alex_Sobel" title="Alex Sobel">Alex Sobel</a>, Labour) ; <a href="/wiki/Leeds_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds East (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds East</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Burgon" title="Richard Burgon">Richard Burgon</a>, Labour); <a href="/wiki/Leeds_North_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds North East (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds North East</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fabian_Hamilton" title="Fabian Hamilton">Fabian Hamilton</a>, Labour); <a href="/wiki/Leeds_North_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds North West (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds North West</a> (<a href="/wiki/Katie_White_(politician)" title="Katie White (politician)">Katie White</a>, Labour); <a href="/wiki/Leeds_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds South (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds South</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hilary_Benn" title="Hilary Benn">Hilary Benn</a>, Labour); <a href="/wiki/Leeds_South_West_and_Morley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds South West and Morley (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds South West and Morley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mark_Sewards" title="Mark Sewards">Mark Sewards</a>, Labour); <a href="/wiki/Leeds_West_and_Pudsey_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds West and Pudsey (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds West and Pudsey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rachel_Reeves" title="Rachel Reeves">Rachel Reeves</a>, Labour); <a href="/wiki/Selby_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Selby (UK Parliament constituency)">Selby</a> (constituency shared with <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_(district)" title="North Yorkshire (district)">North Yorkshire</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Keir_Mather" title="Keir Mather">Keir Mather</a>, Labour); <a href="/wiki/Wakefield_and_Rothwell_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wakefield and Rothwell (UK Parliament constituency)">Wakefield and Rothwell</a> (constituency shared with <a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">City of Wakefield</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Simon_Lightwood" title="Simon Lightwood">Simon Lightwood</a>, Labour); and <a href="/wiki/Wetherby_and_Easingwold_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wetherby and Easingwold (UK Parliament constituency)">Wetherby and Easingwold</a> (constituency shared with <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_(district)" title="North Yorkshire (district)">North Yorkshire</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Alec_Shelbrooke" title="Alec Shelbrooke">Alec Shelbrooke</a>, Conservative). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Leeds" title="Economy of Leeds">Economy of Leeds</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leedscity-2023.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Leedscity-2023.png/250px-Leedscity-2023.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Leedscity-2023.png/330px-Leedscity-2023.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Leedscity-2023.png/500px-Leedscity-2023.png 2x" data-file-width="2182" data-file-height="1448" /></a><figcaption>With an economy worth £64.6 billion, Leeds is forecast to grow 21% over the next 10 years.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a></figcaption></figure> Leeds has the most diverse economy of all the UK's main employment centres. It has seen the fastest rate of private sector jobs growth of any UK city and has the highest ratio of public to private sector jobs of all the UK's <a href="/wiki/Core_Cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Core Cities">Core Cities</a>. The city had the third-largest jobs total by local authority area with 480,000 in employment and self-employment at the beginning of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> 24.7% were in public administration, education and health, 23.9% were in banking, finance and insurance and 21.4% were in distribution, hotels and restaurants. It is in the banking, finance and insurance sectors that Leeds differs most from the financial structure of the region and the nation.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> There are 130,100 jobs in the city centre, accounting for 31% of all jobs in the wider district. In 2007, 47,500 jobs were in finance and business, 42,300 in public services, and 19,500 in retail and distribution. 43% of finance sector jobs in the district are contained in Leeds city centre and 44% of those employed in the city centre live more than nine kilometres (5.6 miles) away.<a href="#cite_note-econ_leeds-108">[107]</a> In 2011, the financial and services industry in Leeds was worth £2.1 billion, the fifth-largest in the UK, behind London, Edinburgh, Manchester and Birmingham.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-109">[108]</a> Tertiary industries such as retail, <a href="/wiki/Call_centre" title="Call centre">call centres</a>, offices and media have contributed to a high rate of economic growth. The city also hosts the only subsidiary office of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> in the UK. In 2012 GVA for the city was recorded at £18.8 billion,<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> with the entire <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Region" title="Leeds City Region">Leeds City Region</a> generating a £56 billion economy.<a href="#cite_note-leeds.gov.uk-111">[110]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_Dock_-_33641108418.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Leeds_Dock_-_33641108418.jpg/250px-Leeds_Dock_-_33641108418.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Leeds_Dock_-_33641108418.jpg/330px-Leeds_Dock_-_33641108418.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Leeds_Dock_-_33641108418.jpg/500px-Leeds_Dock_-_33641108418.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6505" data-file-height="3940" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Dock" title="Leeds Dock">Leeds Docks</a></figcaption></figure> Key sectors include finance, retail, leisure and the visitor economy, construction, manufacturing and the creative and digital industries.<a href="#cite_note-leeds.gov.uk-111">[110]</a> It has one of the most diverse economies of all the UK's main employment centres and has seen the fastest rate of private-sector jobs growth of any UK city. It also has the highest ratio of private to public sector jobs of all the UK's Core Cities, with 77% of its workforce working in the private sector. Leeds has the third-largest jobs total by local authority area, with 480,000 in employment and self-employment at the beginning of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-leeds.gov.uk-111">[110]</a> Leeds is ranked as a "High Sufficiency" level city by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> Today, Leeds has become the largest legal and financial centre outside London,<a href="#cite_note-leeds.gov.uk-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-113">[112]</a> with the financial and insurance services industry worth £13 billion to the city's economy. Office developments, also traditionally located in the inner area, have expanded south of the River Aire and total 11,000,000 square feet (1,000,000 m2) of space.<a href="#cite_note-econ_leeds-108">[107]</a> In the period from 1999 to 2008 £2.5 billion of property development was undertaken in central Leeds; of which £711 million has been offices, £265 million retail, £389 million leisure and £794 million housing. The city saw several firsts, including the oldest-surviving film in existence, <a href="/wiki/Roundhay_Garden_Scene" title="Roundhay Garden Scene">Roundhay Garden Scene</a> (1888), and the 1767 invention of <a href="/wiki/Soda_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Soda water">soda water</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gwr17-114">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-fizzy-115">[114]</a> Major companies based in the city include <a href="/wiki/William_Hill_(bookmaker)" title="William Hill (bookmaker)">William Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Personal_Finance" title="International Personal Finance">International Personal Finance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asda" title="Asda">Asda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Building_Society" title="Leeds Building Society">Leeds Building Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Foods" title="Northern Foods">Northern Foods</a>. <a href="/wiki/Capita" title="Capita">Capita</a> Group, <a href="/wiki/KPMG" title="KPMG">KPMG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Direct_Line" title="Direct Line">Direct Line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aviva" title="Aviva">Aviva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Building_Society" title="Yorkshire Building Society">Yorkshire Building Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Telefónica Europe">Telefónica Europe</a> (O2 Ltd) and <a href="/wiki/TD_Waterhouse" title="TD Waterhouse">TD Waterhouse</a> all also have a considerable presence in the city.<a href="#cite_note-locateinleeds.co.uk-116">[115]</a> In addition to other national governmental offices, the city is home to a large <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Work_and_Pensions" title="Department for Work and Pensions">Department for Work and Pensions</a> office building located in <a href="/wiki/Quarry_Hill,_Leeds" title="Quarry Hill, Leeds">Quarry Hill</a>, notable for its imposing design. Leeds is the UK's third-largest manufacturing centre and 50% of the UK's manufacturing base is within a two-hour drive of Leeds. With around 1,800 firms and 39,000 employees, Leeds manufacturing firms account for 8.8% of total employment in the city. The largest sub-sectors are engineering, printing and publishing, food and drink, chemicals and medical technology.<a href="#cite_note-Leeds_2013-117">[116]</a> Manufacturing and distribution accounted for £26 million of new property development in the period. There is an established creative industry in the city, particularly in the digital gaming sector. A number of large developers have studios in and around the city, including <a href="/wiki/Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a>, developers of the mobile versions of the <a href="/wiki/Call_of_Duty" title="Call of Duty">Call of Duty</a> series,<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Leeds" title="Rockstar Leeds">Rockstar Leeds</a>, developers of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto" title="Grand Theft Auto">Grand Theft Auto</a> series. In 2009 Leeds was the first city outside London to host the <a href="/wiki/EGX_(expo)" title="EGX (expo)">Eurogamer Expo</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finance">Finance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Finance">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_CBD_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Leeds_CBD_at_night.jpg/250px-Leeds_CBD_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Leeds_CBD_at_night.jpg/330px-Leeds_CBD_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Leeds_CBD_at_night.jpg/500px-Leeds_CBD_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2794" data-file-height="1762" /></a><figcaption>The central business district at night</figcaption></figure> Leeds is the largest centre outside London for financial and business services. Over the next ten years, the economy is forecast to grow by 25% with financial and business services set to generate over half of GVA growth over that period with Finance and business services accounting for 38% of total output. The finance and business service sector account for 38% of total output<a href="#cite_note-leeds.gov.uk-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-investleedscityregion.com-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-109">[108]</a> with more than 30 national and international banks located in the city, including an office of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a>. Leeds has over 30 national and international banks, many of whose northern or regional offices are based in the city. It is the headquarters for <a href="/wiki/First_Direct" title="First Direct">First Direct</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Bank" title="Yorkshire Bank">Yorkshire Bank</a>, and has large <a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a>, <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyds_Banking_Group" title="Lloyds Banking Group">Lloyds Banking Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/NatWest_Group" title="NatWest Group">NatWest Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banco_Santander" title="Banco Santander">Santander</a> operations.<a href="#cite_note-locateinleeds.co.uk-116">[115]</a> The city is also an important centre for equity, venture, infrastructure and risk finance. The <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a> provider, YFM Equity Partners, founded in Leeds, is now the UK's largest provider of risk capital to small and medium-sized enterprises.<a href="#cite_note-locateinleeds.co.uk-116">[115]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Wealth_Fund_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Wealth Fund (United Kingdom)">National Wealth Fund</a>, founded to support economic growth across the United Kingdom, is also based in Leeds.<a href="#cite_note-Leeds_UKIB-120">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law">Law</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Law">edit</a>]</div> There are around 150 law firms operating in Leeds, employing over 6,700 people. According to The UK Legal 500, "Leeds has a sophisticated and highly competitive legal market, second only to London."<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-121">[120]</a> Specialist legal expertise to be found in Leeds includes corporate finance, corporate restructuring and insolvency, global project financing, trade and investment, commercial litigation, competition, construction, Private Finance Initiatives and Public Private Partnerships, tax, derivatives, IT, employment, pensions, intellectual property, sport and entertainment.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-121">[120]</a> The establishment of an Administrative Court in Leeds in April 2009 reinforced Leeds's position as one of the UK's key legal centres. The court previously sat only in London.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-121">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leisure_and_tourism">Leisure and tourism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Leisure and tourism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harewood_House_from_the_terrace_garden.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Harewood_House_from_the_terrace_garden.JPG/250px-Harewood_House_from_the_terrace_garden.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Harewood_House_from_the_terrace_garden.JPG/330px-Harewood_House_from_the_terrace_garden.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Harewood_House_from_the_terrace_garden.JPG/500px-Harewood_House_from_the_terrace_garden.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harewood_House" title="Harewood House">Harewood House</a> is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Treasure_Houses_of_England" title="Treasure Houses of England">Treasure Houses of England</a>, a marketing consortium for ten of the foremost historic homes in the country.</figcaption></figure> Tourism is important to the Leeds economy, in 2009 Leeds was the eighth-most visited city in England by UK visitors.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> and the 13th-most visited city by overseas visitors.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> Research by <a href="/wiki/VisitEngland" title="VisitEngland">VisitEngland</a> reported that the day visitor market to Leeds attracts 24.9 million people each year, worth over £654 million to the local economy.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> In the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Traveler" title="Condé Nast Traveler">Condé Nast Traveler</a> survey of readers, Leeds rated 6th among the 15 best cities in the UK for visitors.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> In 2016, Leeds received 27.29 million leisure tourist visits generating over £1.6 billion for the city, according to data from a STEAM survey. That was a 15.9% increase in revenue over 2015. A 9.7% increase in visits had been recorded since 2013.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> The industry supported over 19,000 full-time equivalent jobs in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_sector">Public sector</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Public sector">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quarry_Hill_footbridge_August_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Quarry_Hill_footbridge_August_2017.jpg/220px-Quarry_Hill_footbridge_August_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Quarry_Hill_footbridge_August_2017.jpg/330px-Quarry_Hill_footbridge_August_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Quarry_Hill_footbridge_August_2017.jpg/440px-Quarry_Hill_footbridge_August_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3066" data-file-height="1868" /></a><figcaption>NHS England HQ</figcaption></figure> In Leeds, 108,000 people work in the public sector—24% of the workforce. The largest employers are Leeds City Council, with 33,000 staff, and the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, with 14,000 staff.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-128">[127]</a> Leeds has become a hub of public-sector health bodies. The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Social_Care" title="Department of Health and Social Care">Department of Health and Social Care</a> (DHSC), <a href="/wiki/NHS_England" title="NHS England">NHS England</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Care_Quality_Commission" title="Care Quality Commission">Care Quality Commission</a>, <a href="/wiki/NHS_Digital" title="NHS Digital">NHS Digital</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_England" title="Public Health England">Public Health England</a> all have large offices in Leeds. Europe's largest teaching hospital is also based in Leeds, and is home to the Yorkshire Cancer Centre, the largest of its kind in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> Key government departments and organisations in Leeds include the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Work_and_Pensions" title="Department for Work and Pensions">Department for Work and Pensions</a>, with over 3,000 staff, the DHSC, with over 800 staff, <a href="/wiki/HM_Revenue_and_Customs" title="HM Revenue and Customs">HM Revenue and Customs</a> with over 1,200 staff and the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a> with 1,100 staff.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-128">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade">Trade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Trade">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_Flickr_4_August_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Leeds_Flickr_4_August_2022.jpg/250px-Leeds_Flickr_4_August_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Leeds_Flickr_4_August_2022.jpg/330px-Leeds_Flickr_4_August_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Leeds_Flickr_4_August_2022.jpg/500px-Leeds_Flickr_4_August_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="2199" /></a><figcaption>King Edward Street</figcaption></figure> The city centre has a large <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">pedestrian zone</a>. <a href="/wiki/Briggate" title="Briggate">Briggate</a> is the main shopping street where one can find many well-known British <a href="/wiki/High_Street" title="High Street">High Street</a> stores, including <a href="/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer" title="Marks & Spencer">Marks & Spencer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Coffee" title="Costa Coffee">Costa Coffee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Nichols" title="Harvey Nichols">Harvey Nichols</a>. Many companies have several stores within Central Leeds and the wider city. Leeds is home to one of the largest indoor markets in Europe,<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Kirkgate_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds Kirkgate Market">Leeds Kirkgate Market</a>. The district also has various regular local markets in Otley, Pudsey, and Yeadon.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> Between 1987 – 1995, Leeds Kirkgate market was renovated. The changes have maximised the retail provision in the market without compromising the historical features of the building, so much so that the renovated Kirkgate Market Hall structure was promoted from Grade II to Grade I listing status, and was subsequently nominated for a Civic Trust Award. There is an annual German Christmas Market ("Christkindelmarkt") based in <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Square,_Leeds" title="Millennium Square, Leeds">Millennium Square</a>, usually running from early November to mid-late December.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> The 2020 Christmas Market was cancelled because of the coronavirus pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> The extensive retail area of Leeds is the principal regional shopping centre for the whole of the Yorkshire and the Humber region, offering a spend of £1.93 billion annually in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> There are a number of indoor shopping centres in the centre of the city, including the <a href="/wiki/Merrion_Centre,_Leeds" title="Merrion Centre, Leeds">Merrion Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Centre" title="St John's Centre">St John's Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schofields_(department_store)" title="Schofields (department store)">The Core</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Quarter" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Quarter">Victoria Quarter</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Light_(Leeds)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Light (Leeds)">The Light</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Corn_Exchange" title="Leeds Corn Exchange">Corn Exchange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Leeds" title="Trinity Leeds">Trinity Leeds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Gate">Victoria Gate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> In total, there are well over 1,000 retail stores, with a combined floorspace of 3,660,000 square feet (340,000 m2)<a href="#cite_note-econ_leeds-108">[107]</a> in Leeds City Centre.<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:County_Arcade_Victoria_Quarter_Leeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/County_Arcade_Victoria_Quarter_Leeds.jpg/250px-County_Arcade_Victoria_Quarter_Leeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/County_Arcade_Victoria_Quarter_Leeds.jpg/330px-County_Arcade_Victoria_Quarter_Leeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/County_Arcade_Victoria_Quarter_Leeds.jpg/500px-County_Arcade_Victoria_Quarter_Leeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Leeds" title="Victoria Leeds">Victoria Quarter</a>, opened in 1900</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Leeds" title="Victoria Leeds">Victoria Quarter</a> is notable for its high-end luxury retailers and impressive architecture. 70 stores such as <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vuitton" title="Louis Vuitton">Louis Vuitton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood" title="Vivienne Westwood">Vivienne Westwood</a>,<a href="/wiki/Diesel_(brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel (brand)">Diesel</a>, and anchor Harvey Nichols are contained within two iron-wrought Victorian arcades, and a new arcade formed by arcading Queen Victoria Street with the largest expanse of stained glass in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinnacle,_Leeds_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pinnacle%2C_Leeds_16.jpg/250px-Pinnacle%2C_Leeds_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pinnacle%2C_Leeds_16.jpg/330px-Pinnacle%2C_Leeds_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pinnacle%2C_Leeds_16.jpg/500px-Pinnacle%2C_Leeds_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Leeds" title="Trinity Leeds">Trinity Leeds</a> is Leeds's largest shopping centre and one of the largest in Europe.</figcaption></figure>In the Churwell area of Leeds is the <a href="/wiki/White_Rose_Shopping_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="White Rose Shopping Centre">White Rose Shopping Centre</a>. Opening in 1997, the centre has over 100 high street stores anchored by Marks & Spencer, Primark, NEXT, and Sainsbury's. On 21 March 2013, a large shopping and leisure complex called <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Leeds" title="Trinity Leeds">Trinity Leeds</a> opened in the city centre. The modern and interactive retail space covers the old Burton Arcades and the former <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Leeds" title="Trinity Leeds">Leeds Shopping Plaza</a> with its main entrance from Briggate.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> On 20 October 2016, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Leeds" title="Victoria Leeds">Victoria Gate</a> shopping centre opened with its flagship store, <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_(department_store)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lewis (department store)">John Lewis</a>. Three quarters of the stores in Victoria Gate were the first for the retailers outside of London.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> Of the 40,000 people who work in retailing in Leeds, three quarters work in the wider district.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> The Springs, located to the east of the city suburbs, just off junction 46 of the M1.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Landmarks">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Leeds" title="Architecture of Leeds">Architecture of Leeds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Leeds" title="Listed buildings in Leeds">Listed buildings in Leeds</a></div> Leeds displays a variety of natural and built landmarks. Natural landmarks include such diverse sites as the gritstone outcrop of <a href="/wiki/The_Chevin" title="The Chevin">Otley Chevin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fairburn_Ings_RSPB_reserve" title="Fairburn Ings RSPB reserve">Fairburn Ings RSPB reserve</a>. The city's parks at <a href="/wiki/Roundhay_Park" title="Roundhay Park">Roundhay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temple_Newsam" title="Temple Newsam">Temple Newsam</a> have long been owned and maintained by the council for the benefit of ratepayers and among the open spaces in the centre of Leeds are <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Square,_Leeds" title="Millennium Square, Leeds">Millennium Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds City Square">City Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Park_Square,_Leeds" title="Park Square, Leeds">Park Square</a>, and Victoria Gardens. This last is the site of the central city <a href="/wiki/War_memorial" title="War memorial">war memorial</a>: there are 42 other war memorials in the suburbs, towns and villages in the district.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Square_Leeds_1_July_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/City_Square_Leeds_1_July_2017.jpg/220px-City_Square_Leeds_1_July_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/City_Square_Leeds_1_July_2017.jpg/330px-City_Square_Leeds_1_July_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/City_Square_Leeds_1_July_2017.jpg/440px-City_Square_Leeds_1_July_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/City_Square,_Leeds" title="City Square, Leeds">Leeds City Square</a></figcaption></figure> The built environment embraces edifices of civic pride like <a href="/wiki/Morley_Town_Hall" title="Morley Town Hall">Morley Town Hall</a> and the trio of buildings in Leeds, <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Town_Hall" title="Leeds Town Hall">Leeds Town Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Corn_Exchange" title="Leeds Corn Exchange">Corn Exchange</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Museum" title="Leeds City Museum">Leeds City Museum</a>, by the architect <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Brodrick" title="Cuthbert Brodrick">Cuthbert Brodrick</a>. The two white buildings on the Leeds skyline are the Parkinson building of Leeds University and the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Civic_Hall" title="Leeds Civic Hall">Civic Hall</a>, with golden owls adorning the tops of the latter's twin spires.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/Armley_Mills" class="mw-redirect" title="Armley Mills">Armley Mills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tower_Works" title="Tower Works">Tower Works</a>, with its campanile-inspired towers, and the Egyptian-style <a href="/wiki/Temple_Works" title="Temple Works">Temple Works</a> hark back to the city's industrial past, while the site and ruins of <a href="/wiki/Kirkstall_Abbey" title="Kirkstall Abbey">Kirkstall Abbey</a> display the beauty and grandeur of <a href="/wiki/Cistercian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercian">Cistercian</a> architecture. Notable churches are <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Minster" title="Leeds Minster">Leeds Minster</a> (formerly Leeds Parish Church), <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Leeds" title="St George's Church, Leeds">St George's Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Cathedral" title="Leeds Cathedral">Leeds Cathedral</a>, in the city centre, and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_John_the_Baptist,_Adel" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St John the Baptist, Adel">Church of St John the Baptist, Adel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bardsey,_West_Yorkshire" title="Bardsey, West Yorkshire">Bardsey</a> Parish Church in quieter locations. Notable <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">non-conformist</a> chapels include the <a href="/wiki/Salem_Chapel,_Leeds" title="Salem Chapel, Leeds">Salem Chapel</a>, dating back to 1791 and notably the birthplace of Leeds United Football Club in 1919.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> Leeds is one of only a few UK cities outside of London to have a significant number of <a href="/wiki/High-rise_building" class="mw-redirect" title="High-rise building">high-rise buildings</a>, the 112-metre (367 ft) tower of <a href="/wiki/Bridgewater_Place" title="Bridgewater Place">Bridgewater Place</a>, also known as The <a href="/wiki/Dalek" title="Dalek">Dalek</a>, is part of a major office and residential development and was the region's tallest building until <a href="/wiki/Altus_House,_Leeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Altus House, Leeds">Altus House</a> was completed in 2021; it can be seen for miles (kilometres) around.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> Among other Skyscrapers the 37-storey <a href="/wiki/Sky_Plaza" title="Sky Plaza">Sky Plaza</a> to the north of the city centre stands on higher ground so that its 106 metres (348 ft) is higher than Bridgewater Place and the aforementioned, 38-storey Altus House in Arena Quarter, standing at 380 metres. <a href="/wiki/Elland_Road" title="Elland Road">Elland Road</a> (football) and <a href="/wiki/Headingley_Stadium" title="Headingley Stadium">Headingley Stadium</a> (cricket and rugby) are well known to sports enthusiasts, and the <a href="/wiki/White_Rose_Centre" title="White Rose Centre">White Rose Centre</a> is a well-known retail outlet. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Leeds" title="Transport in Leeds">Transport in Leeds</a></div> Leeds has extensive road, bus and rail networks. Public transport in the Leeds area is coordinated and developed by <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Metro" title="West Yorkshire Metro">West Yorkshire Metro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> The city has good rail and road links to the rest of the country. <a href="/wiki/Leeds_railway_station" title="Leeds railway station">Leeds railway station</a> is one of the busiest in Britain, and Leeds is connected to the national road network via the <a href="/wiki/A1(M)" class="mw-redirect" title="A1(M)">A1(M)</a> motorway, <a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1 motorway</a> and <a href="/wiki/M62_motorway" title="M62 motorway">M62 motorway</a>. The city is served by <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Bradford_Airport" title="Leeds Bradford Airport">Leeds Bradford Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> Plans to improve the public transport network in Leeds have been suggested. In the 1940s plans to build an extensive underground system were not proceded with because of the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Supertram" title="Leeds Supertram">Leeds Supertram</a> in the 1990s at a cost of £500 million was cancelled by the Transport Minister <a href="/wiki/Alistair_Darling" title="Alistair Darling">Alistair Darling</a> in 2005 after £40 million had been spent on the project due to unforeseen added costs. A proposed £250 million re-introduction of <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Leeds" title="Trolleybuses in Leeds">trolleybus</a> in 2007; the plans were cancelled in May 2016 citing little value for money, after millions of pounds spent on inquiries.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> In June 2019, in his bid to become Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> stated that it was "madness" that Leeds did not have a metro system.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> In December 2019, in his first <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Speech">Queen's Speech</a>, Johnson promised to "remedy the scandal that Leeds is the largest city in Western Europe without light rail or a metro".<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> Plans are in place to improve public transport in Leeds, with upgrades to railway, bus services, and cycle lanes.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> A tram system for the city and wider region was announced in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Road">edit</a>]</div> Leeds is the starting point of the <a href="/wiki/A62_road" title="A62 road">A62</a>, <a href="/wiki/A63_road" title="A63 road">A63</a>, <a href="/wiki/A64_road" title="A64 road">A64</a>, <a href="/wiki/A65_road" title="A65 road">A65</a>, <a href="/wiki/A647_road" title="A647 road">A647</a>, and <a href="/wiki/A660_road" title="A660 road">A660</a> roads. The city is on the <a href="/wiki/A58_road" title="A58 road">A58</a>, <a href="/wiki/A61_road" title="A61 road">A61</a> roads, the <a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1</a> and <a href="/wiki/M62_motorway" title="M62 motorway">M62</a> motorways intersect to the south of Leeds and the <a href="/wiki/A1(M)_motorway" title="A1(M) motorway">A1(M)</a> passes to the east. The radial <a href="/wiki/M621_motorway" title="M621 motorway">M621</a> takes traffic into central Leeds from the M62 and M1, the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Inner_Ring_Road" title="Leeds Inner Ring Road">Leeds Inner Ring Road</a> has part motorway status and the city has an <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Outer_Ring_Road" title="Leeds Outer Ring Road">outer ring road</a>. Part of the city centre<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> is pedestrianised and encircled by the clockwise-only <a href="/wiki/List_of_junctions_on_Leeds_City_Centre_Loop_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="List of junctions on Leeds City Centre Loop Road">loop road</a>. The East Leeds Orbital Route's construction started in summer 2019 and was completed in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20200808_First_Leeds_35291.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/20200808_First_Leeds_35291.jpg/220px-20200808_First_Leeds_35291.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/20200808_First_Leeds_35291.jpg/330px-20200808_First_Leeds_35291.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/20200808_First_Leeds_35291.jpg/440px-20200808_First_Leeds_35291.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4012" /></a><figcaption>Bus networks are widespread throughout the city and wider region.</figcaption></figure> Air quality in Leeds was declared "unsafe" by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> in May 2019. Neville Street, near Leeds railway station, has been measured as the most polluted street outside London.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Zone" title="Clean Air Zone">Clean Air Zone</a>, throughout north Leeds and the city centre, was proposed in 2018. The plan, similar to the <a href="/wiki/London_Low_Emission_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="London Low Emission Zone">London Low Emission Zone</a>, would charge a daily fee for driving "older models of buses, taxis and HGVs" in the zone.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> The zone was planned to start charging vehicles in January 2020, before being cancelled in October 2020 because of improvements in the city's air quality.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buses">Buses</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Buses">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_bus_station" title="Leeds City bus station">Leeds City bus station</a> (on Dyer Street) has long-distance bus services to nearby towns and cities and a small number of local area services. The main providers are <a href="/wiki/First_Leeds" class="mw-redirect" title="First Leeds">First Leeds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arriva_Yorkshire" title="Arriva Yorkshire">Arriva Yorkshire</a>, the latter serves routes in the city's south. <a href="/wiki/Harrogate_Bus_Company" title="Harrogate Bus Company">Harrogate Bus Company</a> provides a service to <a href="/wiki/Harrogate" title="Harrogate">Harrogate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a>. <a href="/wiki/Keighley_Bus_Company" title="Keighley Bus Company">Keighley Bus Company</a> provides a service to <a href="/wiki/Shipley,_West_Yorkshire" title="Shipley, West Yorkshire">Shipley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bingley" title="Bingley">Bingley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Keighley" title="Keighley">Keighley</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Coastliner" title="Yorkshire Coastliner">Yorkshire Coastliner</a> service runs from Leeds to <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Scarborough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whitby" title="Whitby">Whitby</a> via <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malton,_North_Yorkshire" title="Malton, North Yorkshire">Malton</a>. Also Transdev operates Flyer services to <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Bradford_Airport" title="Leeds Bradford Airport">Leeds Bradford Airport</a>. In March 2024, the <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Combined_Authority" title="West Yorkshire Combined Authority">West Yorkshire Combined Authority</a> announced that buses in Leeds are set to be operated under public ownership.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rental_bicycles,_The_Headrow,_Leeds_(5th_July_2024)_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Rental_bicycles%2C_The_Headrow%2C_Leeds_%285th_July_2024%29_001.jpg/250px-Rental_bicycles%2C_The_Headrow%2C_Leeds_%285th_July_2024%29_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Rental_bicycles%2C_The_Headrow%2C_Leeds_%285th_July_2024%29_001.jpg/330px-Rental_bicycles%2C_The_Headrow%2C_Leeds_%285th_July_2024%29_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Rental_bicycles%2C_The_Headrow%2C_Leeds_%285th_July_2024%29_001.jpg/500px-Rental_bicycles%2C_The_Headrow%2C_Leeds_%285th_July_2024%29_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption>Electric rental <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycles</a> are now widespread throughout the city.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cycling">Cycling</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cycling">edit</a>]</div> An electric bicycle rental scheme, Leeds City Bikes, operated by <a href="/wiki/Beryl_(company)" title="Beryl (company)">Beryl</a>, opened in September 2023.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-ebike-167">[166]</a> The bikes are collected from bays around the city centre, and hirers are penalised if they do not return the bike to one of the bays.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Rail">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LNER_801_and_East_Midlands_Railway_222001_at_Leeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/LNER_801_and_East_Midlands_Railway_222001_at_Leeds.jpg/250px-LNER_801_and_East_Midlands_Railway_222001_at_Leeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/LNER_801_and_East_Midlands_Railway_222001_at_Leeds.jpg/330px-LNER_801_and_East_Midlands_Railway_222001_at_Leeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/LNER_801_and_East_Midlands_Railway_222001_at_Leeds.jpg/500px-LNER_801_and_East_Midlands_Railway_222001_at_Leeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leeds_railway_station" title="Leeds railway station">Leeds railway station</a></figcaption></figure> In 2017 Leeds had the third busiest <a href="/wiki/Leeds_railway_station" title="Leeds railway station">railway station</a> in the UK<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> outside of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. From the station at New Station Street, <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Metro" title="West Yorkshire Metro">West Yorkshire Metro</a> trains operated by <a href="/wiki/Northern_(train_operating_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern (train operating company)">Northern</a> run to Leeds' suburbs, the wider area, national and international connections. The station has 18 platforms, the most outside of London.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> The City of Leeds local government area has 16 railway stations. A parkway station serving Leeds Bradford Airport and two other new stations in the area, planned for within the next 20 years, were announced in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Air">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Bradford_Airport" title="Leeds Bradford Airport">Leeds Bradford Airport</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Yeadon,_West_Yorkshire" title="Yeadon, West Yorkshire">Yeadon</a>, about 8 miles (13 km) to the north-west of the city centre, and has direct flights to eight UK and 70 international destinations. It is the tenth busiest <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Bradford_Airport" title="Leeds Bradford Airport">airport</a> outside London,<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> with scheduled services to <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol" title="Amsterdam Airport Schiphol">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Airport" title="Dublin Airport">Dublin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barcelona%E2%80%93El_Prat_Josep_Tarradellas_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona–El Prat Josep Tarradellas Airport">Barcelona</a>. There is a direct rail service from Leeds city centre to <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Walking">Walking</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Walking">edit</a>]</div> Leeds is claimed by the city council to be one of the best cities in the UK for walking.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Country_Way" title="Leeds Country Way">Leeds Country Way</a> is a waymarked circular walk of 62 miles (100 km) through the rural outskirts of the city, never more than 7 miles (11 km) from <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds City Square">City Square</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Meanwood_Valley_Trail" title="Meanwood Valley Trail">Meanwood Valley Trail</a> leads from <a href="/wiki/Woodhouse_Moor" title="Woodhouse Moor">Woodhouse Moor</a> along <a href="/wiki/Meanwood_Beck" title="Meanwood Beck">Meanwood Beck</a> to <a href="/wiki/Golden_Acre_Park" title="Golden Acre Park">Golden Acre Park</a>. The Leeds extension of the <a href="/wiki/Dales_Way" title="Dales Way">Dales Way</a> follows the Meanwood Valley Trail before it branches off to head towards <a href="/wiki/Ilkley" title="Ilkley">Ilkley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a>. Leeds is on the northern section of the <a href="/wiki/Trans_Pennine_Trail" title="Trans Pennine Trail">Trans Pennine Trail</a> for walkers and cyclists, and the towpath of the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_and_Liverpool_Canal" title="Leeds and Liverpool Canal">Leeds and Liverpool Canal</a> is another walking and cycling route. <a href="/wiki/The_White_Rose_Way" title="The White Rose Way">The White Rose Way</a> walking trail to <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Scarborough</a> begins at City Square. There are many parks and public footpaths in both the urban and rural parts of Leeds, and <a href="/wiki/The_Ramblers" title="The Ramblers">The Ramblers</a>' Association, <a href="/wiki/Youth_Hostels_Association_(England_%26_Wales)" title="Youth Hostels Association (England & Wales)">YHA</a> and other walking organisations offer sociable walks. The Ramblers' Association publish booklets of walks in and around Leeds.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</a>]</div> Leeds has 16 museums and galleries including nine that are council-run. Smaller museums in Leeds include <a href="/wiki/Otley_Museum" title="Otley Museum">Otley Museum</a>; <a href="/wiki/Horsforth" title="Horsforth">Horsforth</a> Village Museum;<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> ULITA, an Archive of International Textiles;<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> and the museum at <a href="/wiki/Fulneck_Moravian_Settlement" title="Fulneck Moravian Settlement">Fulneck Moravian Settlement</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Museum" title="Leeds City Museum">Leeds City Museum</a> opened in 2008<a href="#cite_note-citymuseum-178">[177]</a> at <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Square,_Leeds" title="Millennium Square, Leeds">Millennium Square</a>. It is a major museum for the city, showcasing its designated collections of local history; world cultures; natural history; archaeology and fine and decorative arts plus a diverse programme of special exhibitions.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Armouries_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Royal_Armouries_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg/220px-Royal_Armouries_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Royal_Armouries_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg/330px-Royal_Armouries_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Royal_Armouries_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg/440px-Royal_Armouries_Leeds_West_Yorkshire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3242" data-file-height="3062" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_Armouries_Museum" title="Royal Armouries Museum">Royal Armouries Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Abbey_House_Museum" title="Abbey House Museum">Abbey House Museum</a> is housed in the former gatehouse of <a href="/wiki/Kirkstall_Abbey" title="Kirkstall Abbey">Kirkstall Abbey</a>, and includes walk-through Victorian streets and galleries describing the history of the abbey, childhood, and Victorian Leeds. <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Industrial_Museum_at_Armley_Mills" title="Leeds Industrial Museum at Armley Mills">Armley Mills Industrial Museum</a> is housed in what was once the world's largest woollen mill,<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> and includes industrial machinery and railway locomotives. This museum also shows the first known moving pictures in the world which were taken in the city, by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Le_Prince" title="Louis Le Prince">Louis Le Prince</a>, of a <a href="/wiki/Roundhay_Garden_Scene" title="Roundhay Garden Scene">Roundhay Garden Scene</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Bridge" title="Leeds Bridge">Leeds Bridge</a> in 1888. <a href="/wiki/Thackray_Museum_of_Medicine" title="Thackray Museum of Medicine">Thackray Museum of Medicine</a> is a museum of the history of medicine, featuring topics such as Victorian public health, pre-anaesthesia surgery, and safety in childbirth. It is housed in a former <a href="/wiki/Workhouse" title="Workhouse">workhouse</a> next to <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_University_Hospital" title="St James's University Hospital">St James's Hospital</a>. The museum closed temporarily in 2019 for a £4 million refurbishment. The redeveloped museum has since been shortlisted for <a href="/wiki/Art_Fund" title="Art Fund">Art Fund</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Year" title="Museum of the Year">Museum of the Year</a> award 2021 and received a special commendation from the European Museum Forum in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Armouries_Museum" title="Royal Armouries Museum">Royal Armouries Museum</a>, the United Kingdom's national collection of arms and armour, opened in 1996 in a dramatic modern building when this part of the collection was transferred from the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>. It is located a short distance from the city centre at Leeds Dock. It is also one of the largest collections of arms and armour in the world, comprising the UK's National Collection of Arms and Armour, National <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a> Collection, and National <a href="/wiki/Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearms">Firearms</a> Collection. <a href="/wiki/Thwaite_Mills" title="Thwaite Mills">Thwaite Mills</a> Watermill Museum is a fully restored 1820s water-powered mill on the <a href="/wiki/River_Aire" title="River Aire">River Aire</a> to the east of the city centre. Nearby is the Leeds Museum Discovery Centre (formerly housed at the Leeds Museum Resource Centre in <a href="/wiki/Yeadon,_West_Yorkshire" title="Yeadon, West Yorkshire">Yeadon</a>),<a href="#cite_note-NatArch-182">[181]</a> the major storage of items not currently on display in museums, and open to the public by appointment.<a href="#cite_note-NatArch-182">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-Discovery-183">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities_and_colleges">Universities and colleges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Universities and colleges">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broadcasting_Tower,_Leeds,_West_Yorkshire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Broadcasting_Tower%2C_Leeds%2C_West_Yorkshire.jpg/220px-Broadcasting_Tower%2C_Leeds%2C_West_Yorkshire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Broadcasting_Tower%2C_Leeds%2C_West_Yorkshire.jpg/330px-Broadcasting_Tower%2C_Leeds%2C_West_Yorkshire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Broadcasting_Tower%2C_Leeds%2C_West_Yorkshire.jpg/440px-Broadcasting_Tower%2C_Leeds%2C_West_Yorkshire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="4896" /></a><figcaption>Broadcasting Tower at <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Beckett_University" title="Leeds Beckett University">Leeds Beckett University</a></figcaption></figure>The city is served by five universities. It has the UK's fourth-largest student population and the country's <a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_cities_by_GVA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK cities by GVA">fourth-largest urban economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BrookingsMetroEconomy-184">[183]</a> Institutions providing higher education include: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">University of Leeds</a>, which received its charter in 1904 having developed from the Yorkshire College which was founded in 1874 and the Leeds School of Medicine of 1831;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Beckett_University" title="Leeds Beckett University">Leeds Beckett University</a>, formerly Leeds Polytechnic, which became a university in 1992 as Leeds Metropolitan University, and can trace its roots to the <a href="/wiki/Mechanics%27_Institutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanics' Institutes">Mechanics' Institute</a> of 1824;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Trinity_University" title="Leeds Trinity University">Leeds Trinity University</a>, which began in 1966 as two teacher training colleges which merged in 1980 to form Trinity and All Saints College and became a university in 2012;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Arts_University" title="Leeds Arts University">Leeds Arts University</a>, formerly Leeds College of Art, which was founded in 1846 as the Leeds School of Art, and became a university in 2017;</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Law" title="University of Law">University of Law</a>, formerly the College of Law, which became a university in 2012 and moved to its current Leeds centre campus from <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a> in 2014;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Conservatoire" title="Leeds Conservatoire">Leeds Conservatoire</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_School_of_Contemporary_Dance" title="Northern School of Contemporary Dance">Northern School of Contemporary Dance</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Centre_Leeds" class="mw-redirect" title="University Centre Leeds">University Centre Leeds</a>, part of Leeds City College.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a></li></ul> The University of Leeds has about 31,000 students, of which 21,500 are full-time or sandwich undergraduate degree students,<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> Leeds Beckett University has 25,805<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> students of which 12,000 are full-time or sandwich undergraduate degree students and 2,100 full-time or sandwich HND students.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> Leeds Trinity University has just under 3,000 students.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> The city was voted the best UK university Destination by a survey in <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-cug-190">[189]</a> <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">Further education</a> in Leeds is provided by <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Hudson_College" title="Elliott Hudson College">Elliott Hudson College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_College" title="Leeds City College">Leeds City College</a> (formed by a merger in 2009 and having over 60,000 students), <a href="/wiki/Leeds_College_of_Building" title="Leeds College of Building">Leeds College of Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_Technical_College_Leeds" title="University Technical College Leeds">University Technical College (UTC) Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Catholic_Sixth_Form_College" title="Notre Dame Catholic Sixth Form College">Notre Dame Catholic Sixth Form College</a>, and Leeds Mathematics School.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Schools">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Leeds" title="List of schools in Leeds">List of schools in Leeds</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_community">Culture and community</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Culture and community">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Leeds" title="Culture of Leeds">Culture of Leeds</a></div>In 2018, Leeds embarked on a five-year cultural investment programme, culminating in a year of cultural celebration in 2023. In 2023, the city hosted <a href="/wiki/Leeds_2023" title="Leeds 2023">Leeds 2023</a>, an international cultural festival.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Art">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds._Henry_Moore_town_-_geograph.org.uk_-_353135.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Leeds._Henry_Moore_town_-_geograph.org.uk_-_353135.jpg/250px-Leeds._Henry_Moore_town_-_geograph.org.uk_-_353135.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Leeds._Henry_Moore_town_-_geograph.org.uk_-_353135.jpg/330px-Leeds._Henry_Moore_town_-_geograph.org.uk_-_353135.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Leeds._Henry_Moore_town_-_geograph.org.uk_-_353135.jpg/500px-Leeds._Henry_Moore_town_-_geograph.org.uk_-_353135.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>Henry Moore Statue outside <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Art_Gallery" title="Leeds Art Gallery">Leeds Art Gallery</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Art_Gallery" title="Leeds Art Gallery">Leeds Art Gallery</a>, which opened in 1888, houses the best twentieth century collection outside London and a colourful wall painting for the Victorian staircase by Lothar Götz. The gallery is owned and operated by <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Council" title="Leeds City Council">Leeds City Council</a> and is free to members of the public. Just next door, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Moore Institute">The Henry Moore Institute</a> hosts a year-round programme of historical, modern and contemporary exhibitions presenting sculpture from across the world.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> Located in the art deco headquarters of the former brewery, <a href="/wiki/The_Tetley_(Leeds)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tetley (Leeds)">The Tetley</a> is a centre for contemporary art. The Gallery at 164 is an independent art gallery exhibiting artists, illustrators, photographers and designers working in all types of media. The Stanley & Audrey Burton Gallery offers art exhibitions from the University Art Collection and Treasures of the Brotherton Gallery. Art is taught in Leeds at <a href="/wiki/Leeds_College_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds College of Art">Leeds College of Art</a> which has alumni including <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Henry Moore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Damien_Hirst" title="Damien Hirst">Damien Hirst</a>. Leeds city centre has a variety of statues and sculptures on public display. The city also features and ever-growing host of street art and urban murals, including the UK's tallest mural 'Athena Rising'.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> This mural is part of a city-wide project 'A City Less Grey', initiated by East Street Arts, which won a national award at the Planning Awards 2018.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_art">Public art</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Public art">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billy_Bremner_Statue_-_Elland_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624224.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a statue of footballer Billy Bremner at Elland Road Stadium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Billy_Bremner_Statue_-_Elland_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624224.jpg/250px-Billy_Bremner_Statue_-_Elland_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624224.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Billy_Bremner_Statue_-_Elland_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624224.jpg/330px-Billy_Bremner_Statue_-_Elland_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624224.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Billy_Bremner_Statue_-_Elland_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624224.jpg/440px-Billy_Bremner_Statue_-_Elland_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624224.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Statue of footballer Billy Bremner at Elland Road Stadium</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Leeds" title="List of public art in Leeds">List of public art in Leeds</a></div> The city has a number of public artworks ranging from traditional statues to contemporary work. These include several works by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Drury" title="Alfred Drury">Alfred Drury</a> and one of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a> <a href="/wiki/7000_Oaks" title="7000 Oaks">7000 Oaks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> Two bronze statues stand at Elland Road Stadium celebrating former manager <a href="/wiki/Don_Revie" title="Don Revie">Don Revie</a> and team captain <a href="/wiki/Billy_Bremner" title="Billy Bremner">Billy Bremner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_West_Indian_Carnival.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Leeds_West_Indian_Carnival.jpg/250px-Leeds_West_Indian_Carnival.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Leeds_West_Indian_Carnival.jpg/330px-Leeds_West_Indian_Carnival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Leeds_West_Indian_Carnival.jpg/500px-Leeds_West_Indian_Carnival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Leeds West Indian Carnival</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7.10.16_Light_Night_Leeds_088_(30096460721).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/7.10.16_Light_Night_Leeds_088_%2830096460721%29.jpg/250px-7.10.16_Light_Night_Leeds_088_%2830096460721%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/7.10.16_Light_Night_Leeds_088_%2830096460721%29.jpg/330px-7.10.16_Light_Night_Leeds_088_%2830096460721%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/7.10.16_Light_Night_Leeds_088_%2830096460721%29.jpg/500px-7.10.16_Light_Night_Leeds_088_%2830096460721%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4151" data-file-height="3580" /></a><figcaption>Light Night, one of the UK's largest annual arts and light festivals</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Leeds_West_Indian_Carnival" title="Leeds West Indian Carnival">Leeds West Indian Carnival</a> is Western Europe's oldest West Indian Carnival, and the UK's third-largest after the Notting Hill and Nottingham Carnival.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> It attracts around 100,000 people over 2 days to the streets of Chapeltown and Harehills. There is a large procession that finishes at Potternewton Park, where there are stalls, entertainment and refreshments. The <a href="/wiki/Reading_and_Leeds_Festivals" title="Reading and Leeds Festivals">Leeds Festival</a>, featuring some of the biggest names in rock and indie music, takes place every year in <a href="/wiki/Bramham_Park" title="Bramham Park">Bramham Park</a>. The Leeds Asian Festival, formerly the Leeds <a href="/wiki/Mela" class="mw-redirect" title="Mela">Mela</a>, is held in Roundhay Park.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Otley" title="Otley">Otley</a> Folk Festival (patron: <a href="/wiki/Nic_Jones" title="Nic Jones">Nic Jones</a>),<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> Walking Festival,<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> Carnival,<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> and Victorian Christmas Fayre<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> are annual events. <a href="/wiki/Light_Night" title="Light Night">Light Night</a> Leeds takes place each October, and many venues in the city are open to the public for <a href="/wiki/Heritage_Open_Days" title="Heritage Open Days">Heritage Open Days</a> in September.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Leeds_International_Piano_Competition" title="Leeds International Piano Competition">Leeds International Pianoforte Competition</a>, established in 1963 by <a href="/wiki/Fanny_Waterman" title="Fanny Waterman">Fanny Waterman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marion_Stein" title="Marion Stein">Marion Stein</a>, has been held in the city every three years since 1963 and has launched the careers of many major concert pianists. The Leeds International Concert Season, which includes orchestral and choral concerts in <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Town_Hall" title="Leeds Town Hall">Leeds Town Hall</a> and other events, is the largest local authority music programme in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Leeds_International_Film_Festival" title="Leeds International Film Festival">Leeds International Film Festival</a> is the largest film festival in England outside London<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> and shows films from around the world. It incorporates the highly successful Leeds Young People's Film Festival, which features exciting and innovative films made both for and by children and young people.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/Garforth" title="Garforth">Garforth</a> is host to the fortnight-long festival The <a href="/wiki/Garforth_Arts_Festival" title="Garforth Arts Festival">Garforth Arts Festival</a> which has been an annual event since 2005. The <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Allerton" title="Chapel Allerton">Chapel Allerton</a> Arts Festival is a week-long music and arts event starting in 1998 and held the week after August Bank Holiday each year.<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Festival_Fringe" title="Leeds Festival Fringe">Leeds Festival Fringe</a> is a week long-music festival created in 2010 to showcase local talent in the week prior to Leeds Festival. Light Night, one of the UK's largest annual arts and light festivals, takes place in the first week of October, turning the entire city into an art installation with light shows, projections, installations and lots more.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Pride" title="Leeds Pride">Leeds Pride</a> is an annual <a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT+">LGBT+</a> festival held since 2006 supported by the city council and local business.<a href="#cite_note-YEP2006-212">[211]</a> In 2018 attendance was 40,000<a href="#cite_note-YEP2018-213">[212]</a> with over 100 floats and benefits the city by over £3.8 million.<a href="#cite_note-YEP2018-213">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-Impact-214">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC2018-215">[214]</a> The city has a sponsorship scheme for its 15 Rainbow Plaques commemorating places and events that are of significance to the LGBT+ community organised through <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Civic_Trust" title="Leeds Civic Trust">Leeds Civic Trust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-YEP12Feb2018-216">[215]</a> Other festivals include Transform and Thought Bubble. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Film">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Le_Prince.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Louis_Le_Prince.jpg/220px-Louis_Le_Prince.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Louis_Le_Prince.jpg/330px-Louis_Le_Prince.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Louis_Le_Prince.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louis_Le_Prince" title="Louis Le Prince">Louis Le Prince</a></figcaption></figure> In October 1888 <a href="/wiki/Louis_Le_Prince" title="Louis Le Prince">Louis Le Prince</a> filmed moving picture sequences <a href="/wiki/Roundhay_Garden_Scene" title="Roundhay Garden Scene">Roundhay Garden Scene</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Bridge" title="Leeds Bridge">Leeds Bridge</a> street scene using his single-lens camera and <a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Eastman</a>'s paper film.<a href="#cite_note-nationalmediamuseum-217">[216]</a> These were several years before the work of competing inventors such as <a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière">Auguste and Louis Lumière</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> Today, <a href="/wiki/Leeds_International_Film_Festival" title="Leeds International Film Festival">Leeds International Film Festival</a>'s International Short Film Competition is named after Louis Le Prince.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> The 2015 documentary film <a href="/wiki/The_First_Film" title="The First Film">The First Film</a>, which first aired at the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Film_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Film Festival">Edinburgh International Film Festival</a>, documents Le Prince's pioneering status.<a href="#cite_note-youngs-220">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wordsworth_Donisthorpe" title="Wordsworth Donisthorpe">Wordsworth Donisthorpe</a> who was also from Leeds, filmed the second-oldest-surviving film. It is not known if he and Louis Le Prince ever met but they both had a strong connection to the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Philosophical_and_Literary_Society" title="Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society">Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society</a>. Donisthorpe's patent for a camera to capture the moving image pre dated Le Prince's by twelve years. Leeds has a rich film exhibition culture. In addition to the Leeds International Film Festival and Leeds Young Film Festival, the city hosts numerous independent cinemas and pop-up venues for film screenings.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Cottage_Road_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cottage Road Cinema">The Cottage Road Cinema</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Picture_House,_Leeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyde Park Picture House, Leeds">Hyde Park Picture House</a> have continuously been showing films since 1912 and 1914, respectively, which ranks them among the oldest still-running cinemas in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> Leeds has produced many <a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Leeds" title="Category:Writers from Leeds">writers of note</a>, including celebrated author and playwright <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a>. <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>, author of <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a>, lived and taught in Leeds from 1921 to 1925.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> Author <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Harris" title="Joanne Harris">Joanne Harris</a> was a teacher at <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Grammar_School" title="Leeds Grammar School">Leeds Grammar School</a> for 15 years, and based several of her novels on her experiences there.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> In 2019 and 2020, Leeds hosted the Leeds Lit Fest, a "non-traditional" literature festival, incorporating talks, panels, and workshops.<a href="#cite_note-litfest-226">[225]</a> There are plans to create a National Poetry Centre in Leeds.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> Notable libraries in Leeds are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Central_Library" title="Leeds Central Library">Leeds Central Library</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">public library</a> on Calverley Street, is near the city's municipal buildings.<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Library" title="Leeds Library">Leeds Library</a>, a private <a href="/wiki/Subscription_library" title="Subscription library">subscription library</a> on Commercial Street, is the oldest surviving library of this kind in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Boston_Spa" title="Boston Spa">Boston Spa</a> collection of <a href="/wiki/The_British_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The British Library">The British Library</a>, a national <a href="/wiki/Research_library" title="Research library">research library</a>, includes the library's newspaper archive of over 20 million items.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a></li> <li>A city centre library by <a href="/wiki/The_British_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The British Library">The British Library</a> is planned to open as of 2020 at a later date.<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_open_spaces">Parks and open spaces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Parks and open spaces">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waterloo_Lake_Roundhay_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Waterloo_Lake_Roundhay_07.jpg/250px-Waterloo_Lake_Roundhay_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Waterloo_Lake_Roundhay_07.jpg/330px-Waterloo_Lake_Roundhay_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Waterloo_Lake_Roundhay_07.jpg/500px-Waterloo_Lake_Roundhay_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1917" data-file-height="1287" /></a><figcaption>Waterloo Lake in <a href="/wiki/Roundhay_Park" title="Roundhay Park">Roundhay Park</a>, one of the largest urban parks in Europe</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_Newsam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Temple_Newsam.jpg/220px-Temple_Newsam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Temple_Newsam.jpg/330px-Temple_Newsam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Temple_Newsam.jpg/440px-Temple_Newsam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2513" /></a><figcaption>The mansion and garden at <a href="/wiki/Temple_Newsam" title="Temple Newsam">Temple Newsam</a></figcaption></figure> Leeds has many large parks and open spaces. <a href="/wiki/Roundhay_Park" title="Roundhay Park">Roundhay Park</a> is the largest park in the city and is one of the largest city parks in Europe. The park has more than 700 acres (2.8 km2)<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> of parkland, lakes, woodland and gardens which are all owned by Leeds City Council. Other parks in the city include: <a href="/wiki/Beckett_Park" title="Beckett Park">Beckett Park</a>, Bramley Fall Park, Cross Flatts Park, East End Park, <a href="/wiki/Golden_Acre_Park" title="Golden Acre Park">Golden Acre Park</a>,<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> Gotts Park,<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> the gardens and grounds of <a href="/wiki/Harewood_House" title="Harewood House">Harewood House</a>, Horforth Hall Park, Meanwood Park, <a href="/wiki/Middleton_Park" title="Middleton Park">Middleton Park</a>, Potternewton Park, Pudsey Park,<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> <a href="/wiki/Temple_Newsam" title="Temple Newsam">Temple Newsam</a>, Western Flatts Park and <a href="/wiki/Woodhouse_Moor" title="Woodhouse Moor">Woodhouse Moor</a>. There are many more smaller parks and open spaces scattered around the city, which make up around 21.7% of the city's total area. A 2017 survey ranked Leeds 7th among the ten largest UK cities (by population) for the amount of green space, although published comments on the survey pointed out major inconsistencies in the city boundaries used.<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> As part of the South Bank regeneration project, plans are in development for <a href="/wiki/Aire_Park" title="Aire Park">Aire Park</a>, a new 3.5 hectare city centre park located close to the former Tetley Brewery site.<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> Planning permission for the first phase to be undertaken by Vastint UK was granted in December 2018.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> In 2023, the Monk Bridge viaduct was restored by a developer and subsequently opened as the <a href="/wiki/Monk_Bridge_Viaduct_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Monk Bridge Viaduct Garden">Monk Bridge Viaduct Garden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Live_music">Live music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Live music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_in_Leeds" title="Music in Leeds">Music in Leeds</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_bands_originating_in_Leeds" title="List of bands originating in Leeds">List of bands originating in Leeds</a></div> Leeds is home to the refurbished <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theatre,_Leeds" title="Grand Theatre, Leeds">Grand Theatre</a> where the only national opera company outside London, <a href="/wiki/Opera_North" title="Opera North">Opera North</a>, is based.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Varieties" title="Leeds City Varieties">City Varieties</a> Music Hall is one of the UK's few remaining music halls, and famously hosted performances by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Houdini" title="Harry Houdini">Harry Houdini</a>. It was also the venue of the BBC television programme <a href="/wiki/The_Good_Old_Days_(UK_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Good Old Days (UK TV series)">The Good Old Days</a>. The newest theatre, containing two auditoriums, is the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Playhouse" title="Leeds Playhouse">Leeds Playhouse</a>, which had formerly been known as the West Yorkshire Playhouse.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> Just south of <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Bridge" title="Leeds Bridge">Leeds Bridge</a> once stood <a href="/wiki/The_Theatre,_Leeds" title="The Theatre, Leeds">The Theatre</a> which hosted <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Siddons" title="Sarah Siddons">Sarah Siddons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ching_Lau_Lauro" title="Ching Lau Lauro">Ching Lau Lauro</a> in 1786 and 1834, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Leodis-244">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-Playbill_22_Sep_1834-245">[244]</a> Leeds is also home to <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Dance_Theatre" title="Phoenix Dance Theatre">Phoenix Dance Theatre</a>, who were formed in the Harehills area of the city in 1981, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ballet_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ballet Theatre">Northern Ballet Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> In autumn 2010 the two companies moved into a purpose-built dance centre which is the largest space for dance outside London. It is also the only space for dance to house a national classical and a national contemporary dance company alongside each another.<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> The <a href="/wiki/First_Direct_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="First Direct Arena">First Direct Arena</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> opened in September 2013. The 13,500-seater stadium is rapidly becoming the city's number one venue for live music, indoor sports and many other events. Concerts are also held at the O2 Academy, Elland Road, which has hosted groups such as Queen and Kaiser Chiefs, among others and at the universities. <a href="/wiki/Roundhay_Park" title="Roundhay Park">Roundhay Park</a> in north Leeds has seen some of the world's biggest artists including <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna (entertainer)">Madonna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robbie_Williams" title="Robbie Williams">Robbie Williams</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Leeds_First_Direct_Arena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_Leeds_First_Direct_Arena.jpg/250px-The_Leeds_First_Direct_Arena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_Leeds_First_Direct_Arena.jpg/330px-The_Leeds_First_Direct_Arena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_Leeds_First_Direct_Arena.jpg/500px-The_Leeds_First_Direct_Arena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Arena" title="Leeds Arena">Leeds Arena</a> building was named the "best new venue in the world" in 2014 by the Stadium Business Awards.<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_Song_Tunnel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of "Leeds Song Tunne" public art celebrating the music of the city" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Leeds_Song_Tunnel.jpg/250px-Leeds_Song_Tunnel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Leeds_Song_Tunnel.jpg/330px-Leeds_Song_Tunnel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Leeds_Song_Tunnel.jpg/500px-Leeds_Song_Tunnel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Leeds Song Tunnel public art celebrating the music of the city</figcaption></figure> Popular musical acts originating from Leeds include <a href="/wiki/Soft_Cell" title="Soft Cell">Soft Cell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Chiefs" title="Kaiser Chiefs">Kaiser Chiefs</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Pigeon_Detectives" title="The Pigeon Detectives">the Pigeon Detectives</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wedding_Present" title="The Wedding Present">the Wedding Present</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Sunshine_Underground" title="The Sunshine Underground">the Sunshine Underground</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Sisters_of_Mercy" title="The Sisters of Mercy">the Sisters of Mercy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadouken!_(band)" title="Hadouken! (band)">Hadouken!</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corinne_Bailey_Rae" title="Corinne Bailey Rae">Corinne Bailey Rae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Pile-Up" title="Dinosaur Pile-Up">Dinosaur Pile-Up</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yard_Act" title="Yard Act">Yard Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulled_Apart_by_Horses" title="Pulled Apart by Horses">Pulled Apart by Horses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(band)" title="Gang of Four (band)">Gang of Four</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hood_(band)" title="Hood (band)">Hood</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Rhythm_Sisters" title="The Rhythm Sisters">the Rhythm Sisters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah_Saints" title="Utah Saints">Utah Saints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alt-J" title="Alt-J">Alt-J</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Melanie_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanie B">Melanie B</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">Spice Girls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> A public artwork by <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Riley" title="Adrian Riley">Adrian Riley</a> called 'Leeds Song Tunnel' celebrates bands and musical artists who have their origins in Leeds.<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day" title="Valentine's Day">Valentine's Day</a> 1970, <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">the Who</a> performed and recorded their album <a href="/wiki/Live_at_Leeds" title="Live at Leeds">Live at Leeds</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds_Refectory" title="University of Leeds Refectory">University of Leeds Refectory</a>. Since its initial reception, Live at Leeds has been cited by several <a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">music critics</a> as the best live rock recording of all time.<a href="#cite_note-cohn-257">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-carr-258">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hyden-259">[258]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>'s popular second single "<a href="/wiki/See_Emily_Play" title="See Emily Play">See Emily Play</a>" was written in Leeds in 1967 after a gig in the old <a href="/wiki/Leeds_College_of_Technology" title="Leeds College of Technology">Leeds City College Technology Campus</a>, then known as Kitson College.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> Leeds is the only city outside of London to have its own <a href="/wiki/Repertory_theatre" title="Repertory theatre">repertory theatre</a>, ballet, and opera companies.<a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nightlife">Nightlife</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Nightlife">edit</a>]</div> Leeds is Purple Flag accredited to indicate an entertaining, diverse, safe and enjoyable night.<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> Leeds has the fourth largest student population in the country (over 200,000<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a>), and is therefore one of the UK's hotspots for night-life. There are a large number of pubs, bars, nightclubs and restaurants, as well as a multitude of venues for live music. The full range of music tastes is catered for in Leeds. It includes the original home of the famous club nights Back 2 Basics, Speedqueen and <a href="/wiki/Vague_(club)" title="Vague (club)">Vague</a>.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> Morley was the location of <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a> club The Orbit.<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> The <a href="/wiki/F_Club" title="F Club">F Club</a> was club night that ran in Leeds between 1977 and 1982 and specialised in <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-266">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> It would prove highly influential to the development of the goth subculture, due to it leading to the formation of seminal gothic rock bands like <a href="/wiki/The_Sisters_of_Mercy" title="The Sisters of Mercy">The Sisters of Mercy</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_March_Violets" title="The March Violets">The March Violets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Death_Cult" title="Southern Death Cult">Southern Death Cult</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Evolution_of_Goth_Culture-268">[267]</a> The now-defunct club <a href="/wiki/Le_Phonographique" title="Le Phonographique">Le Phonographique</a> was located in the <a href="/wiki/Merrion_Centre,_Leeds" title="Merrion Centre, Leeds">Merrion Centre</a> and was the first <a href="/wiki/Gothic_subculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic subculture">gothic</a> nightclub in the world.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_Gothica-270">[269]</a> Leeds has a well established LGBT+ nightlife scene, predominantly located in the Freedom Quarter on Lower Briggate.<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_Penny" title="The New Penny">The New Penny</a> is one of the UK's longest running LGBT+ venues, and Leeds oldest gay bar. Towards <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Square,_Leeds" title="Millennium Square, Leeds">Millennium Square</a> is a growing entertainment district providing for both students and weekend visitors. The square has many bars and restaurants and a large outdoor screen. Millennium Square is a venue for large seasonal events such as a <a href="/wiki/Christmas_market" title="Christmas market">Christmas market</a>, gigs and concerts, and citywide parties. It is adjacent to the Mandela Gardens, which were opened by <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> in 2001. A number of public art features, fountains, and greenery can be found here. Yorkshire has a great history of real ale,<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> but several bars near the railway station are fusing traditional beers with a modern bar Leeds also hosts an annual Leeds International Beer Festival, held at <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Town_Hall" title="Leeds Town Hall">Leeds Town Hall</a> every September. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> Leeds has a diverse media landscape and is considered a media hub.<a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Post_Newspapers" title="Yorkshire Post Newspapers">Yorkshire Post Newspapers</a> Ltd, owned by <a href="/wiki/Johnston_Press" title="Johnston Press">Johnston Press</a> plc, is based in the city, and produces a daily morning broadsheet, <a href="/wiki/The_Yorkshire_Post" title="The Yorkshire Post">The Yorkshire Post</a>, and an evening paper, the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Evening_Post" title="Yorkshire Evening Post">Yorkshire Evening Post</a> (YEP). The YEP has a website which includes a series of community pages which focus on specific areas of the city.<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Wetherby_News" title="Wetherby News">Wetherby News</a> covers mainly areas within the north eastern sector of the district, and the <a href="/wiki/Gazette_%26_Observer" title="Gazette & Observer">Wharfedale & Airedale Observer</a>, published in <a href="/wiki/Ilkley" title="Ilkley">Ilkley</a>, covers the north-west, both appearing weekly. The two largest universities both have <a href="/wiki/Student_publication" title="Student publication">student newspapers</a>, the weekly <a href="/wiki/The_Gryphon" title="The Gryphon">Leeds Student</a> from the University of Leeds and the monthly <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Beckett_Students%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds Beckett Students' Union">The Met</a> from Leeds Beckett University. <a href="/wiki/The_Leeds_Guide" title="The Leeds Guide">The Leeds Guide</a> was a fortnightly listings magazine, which was established in 1997 and ceased publication in 2012. Free publications include the Leeds Weekly News, produced by Yorkshire Post Newspapers in four geographic versions and distributed to households in the main urban area of the city,<a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a> and the regional version of <a href="/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)" title="Metro (British newspaper)">Metro</a>, which is distributed on buses and at railway stations.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Yorkshire,_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1026004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A quirky modern five-storey building with a large sign saying "BBC Yorkshire" in black above the second-floor windows on the white-fronted façade of the lower four floors can be seen on the far side of a dual-carriageway road with a barrier along the central reservation. At right-angles to the right of the building is a tall blue slab with the letters "BBC" in white at the top. The left side of the building is mostly brick-red with a few windows, but above it is a light blue windowless section. The roof above this and the grey fifth floor of the frontage curves gently down to the rear. A lone car is driving from left to right along the road; between it and the building, temporary boards have been erected in front of a building to the left. In the top left-hand corner of the picture, part of a tall many-windowed building can be seen." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/BBC_Yorkshire%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1026004.jpg/250px-BBC_Yorkshire%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1026004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/BBC_Yorkshire%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1026004.jpg/330px-BBC_Yorkshire%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1026004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/BBC_Yorkshire%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1026004.jpg/500px-BBC_Yorkshire%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1026004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire" title="BBC Yorkshire">BBC Yorkshire</a> studios</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> Television and <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> both have regional studios and broadcasting centres in Leeds, while <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> opened a new headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Majestic,_Leeds" title="Majestic, Leeds">the Majestic</a> in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-wright-2021-276">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> <a href="/wiki/ITV_Yorkshire" title="ITV Yorkshire">ITV Yorkshire</a>, formerly Yorkshire Television, broadcasts from <a href="/wiki/The_Leeds_Studios" title="The Leeds Studios">the Leeds Studios</a> on Kirkstall Road. There are a number of independent film production companies, including the not-for-profit cooperative Leeds Animation Workshop, founded in 1978; community video producers Vera Media and several small commercial production companies. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Leeds" title="BBC Radio Leeds">BBC Radio Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio_West_Yorkshire" title="Hits Radio West Yorkshire">Hits Radio West Yorkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_West_Yorkshire" title="Greatest Hits Radio West Yorkshire">Greatest Hits Radio West Yorkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capital_Yorkshire" title="Capital Yorkshire">Capital Yorkshire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heart_Yorkshire" title="Heart Yorkshire">Heart Yorkshire</a> broadcast from the city. <a href="/wiki/LSRfm.com" class="mw-redirect" title="LSRfm.com">LSRfm.com</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Leeds_University_Union" title="Leeds University Union">Leeds University Union</a>, and regularly hosts outside broadcasts around the city. Many communities within Leeds now have their own local radio stations, such as <a href="/wiki/East_Leeds_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="East Leeds FM">East Leeds FM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tempo_FM" title="Tempo FM">Tempo FM</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wetherby" title="Wetherby">Wetherby</a> and the surrounding areas. Leeds has a local television station called <a href="/wiki/Leeds_TV" title="Leeds TV">Leeds TV</a> which is required to broadcast 37 hours a week of first-run local programming.<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> The station had launched in 2014 as Made in Leeds which launched across the city in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Leeds" title="Sport in Leeds">Sport in Leeds</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elland_Road_Stadium_Leeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Elland_Road_Stadium_Leeds.jpg/250px-Elland_Road_Stadium_Leeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Elland_Road_Stadium_Leeds.jpg/330px-Elland_Road_Stadium_Leeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Elland_Road_Stadium_Leeds.jpg/500px-Elland_Road_Stadium_Leeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1945" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elland_Road" title="Elland Road">Elland Road Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> The city has teams representing all the major national sports. <a href="/wiki/Leeds_United_F.C." title="Leeds United F.C.">Leeds United F.C.</a> is the city's main <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club, additional clubs include <a href="/wiki/Guiseley_AFC" class="mw-redirect" title="Guiseley AFC">Guiseley AFC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farsley_Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Farsley Celtic">Farsley Celtic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Garforth_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Garforth Town">Garforth Town</a>. Leeds United was formed in 1919 and plays at the 37,890-capacity <a href="/wiki/Elland_Road" title="Elland Road">Elland Road</a> Stadium in <a href="/wiki/Beeston,_Leeds" title="Beeston, Leeds">Beeston</a>. The team rejoined the <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a>, following a sixteen-year stint in lower divisions, after they won promotion by winning the <a href="/wiki/EFL_Championship" title="EFL Championship">EFL Championship</a> in 2019–20, but in the <a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_Premier_League" title="2022–23 Premier League">Premier League Season of 2022–2023</a> they got relegated to the Championship again. Guiseley was formed in 1909 and plays at the 4,000 capacity <a href="/wiki/Nethermoor_Park" title="Nethermoor Park">Nethermoor Park</a> Stadium in <a href="/wiki/Guiseley" title="Guiseley">Guiseley</a>; the team plays in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Premier_League" title="Northern Premier League">Northern Premier League</a>. <a href="/wiki/Farsley_Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Farsley Celtic">Farsley Celtic</a> was formed in 1908 and plays in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_North" title="National League North">National League North</a> and their stadium is <a href="/wiki/Throstle_Nest" class="mw-redirect" title="Throstle Nest">Throstle Nest</a>. <a href="/wiki/Garforth_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Garforth Town">Garforth Town</a> was formed in 1964 and plays in the Northern Counties East League Premier Division; their stadium is Wheatley Park. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_Rhinos_vs._Salford_Red_Devils,_Headingley_Stadium_(21st_April_2014)_013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Leeds_Rhinos_vs._Salford_Red_Devils%2C_Headingley_Stadium_%2821st_April_2014%29_013.JPG/250px-Leeds_Rhinos_vs._Salford_Red_Devils%2C_Headingley_Stadium_%2821st_April_2014%29_013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Leeds_Rhinos_vs._Salford_Red_Devils%2C_Headingley_Stadium_%2821st_April_2014%29_013.JPG/330px-Leeds_Rhinos_vs._Salford_Red_Devils%2C_Headingley_Stadium_%2821st_April_2014%29_013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Leeds_Rhinos_vs._Salford_Red_Devils%2C_Headingley_Stadium_%2821st_April_2014%29_013.JPG/500px-Leeds_Rhinos_vs._Salford_Red_Devils%2C_Headingley_Stadium_%2821st_April_2014%29_013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Headingley_Stadium" title="Headingley Stadium">Headingley Stadium</a>, home of the Leeds Rhinos</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Rhinos" title="Leeds Rhinos">Leeds Rhinos</a> are the most successful <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> team in Leeds. In 2009, they became first club to be <a href="/wiki/Super_League" title="Super League">Super League</a> champions three seasons running, giving them their fourth Super League title.<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> They play their home games at the <a href="/wiki/Headingley_Rugby_Stadium" title="Headingley Rugby Stadium">Headingley Rugby Stadium</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hunslet_R.L.F.C." title="Hunslet R.L.F.C.">Hunslet</a>, based at the <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Centre_for_Sport" title="John Charles Centre for Sport">John Charles Centre for Sport</a>, play in the <a href="/wiki/Championship_(rugby_league)" class="mw-redirect" title="Championship (rugby league)">Co-Operative Championship One</a>. <a href="/wiki/East_Leeds_A.R.L.F.C." title="East Leeds A.R.L.F.C.">East Leeds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oulton_Raiders" title="Oulton Raiders">Oulton Raiders</a> play in the <a href="/wiki/National_Conference_League" title="National Conference League">National Conference League</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bramley_Buffaloes" title="Bramley Buffaloes">Bramley Buffaloes</a> (previously <a href="/wiki/Bramley_RLFC" class="mw-redirect" title="Bramley RLFC">Bramley</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Akkies" title="Leeds Akkies">Leeds Akkies</a> were members of the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_League_Conference" title="Rugby League Conference">Rugby League Conference</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Tykes" title="Leeds Tykes">Leeds Tykes</a> were the foremost <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> team in Leeds and they previously also played at Headingley. They play in <a href="/wiki/National_League_1" title="National League 1">National League 1</a> having been relegated from <a href="/wiki/RFU_Championship" title="RFU Championship">RFU Championship</a> at the end of the 2019–20 season. <a href="/wiki/Otley_RUFC" class="mw-redirect" title="Otley RUFC">Otley RUFC</a> are a rugby union club based to the north of the city and compete in <a href="/wiki/National_League_2_North" title="National League 2 North">National League 2 North</a>, whilst <a href="/wiki/Morley_RFC" class="mw-redirect" title="Morley RFC">Morley RFC</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Morley,_West_Yorkshire" title="Morley, West Yorkshire">Morley</a> currently play in <a href="/wiki/National_League_2_North" title="National League 2 North">National Division Three North</a>. <a href="/wiki/Headingley_Cricket_Ground" title="Headingley Cricket Ground">Headingley Cricket Stadium</a> is home to <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Yorkshire County Cricket Club">Yorkshire County Cricket Club</a> which is the most successful <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> team in England, with 33 <a href="/wiki/County_Championship" title="County Championship">County Championship</a> wins (including one shared). Their main rivals are <a href="/wiki/Lancashire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Lancashire County Cricket Club">Lancashire</a>. Leeds City Athletic Club competes in the <a href="/wiki/British_Athletics_League" title="British Athletics League">British Athletics League</a> and UK Women's League as well as the Northern Athletics League. Leeds is home to a number of <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a> clubs that compete in the <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_England_Hockey_League" title="Men's England Hockey League">Men's England Hockey League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_England_Hockey_League" title="Women's England Hockey League">Women's England Hockey League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/North_Hockey_Association" title="North Hockey Association">North Hockey League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Hockey_Association" title="Yorkshire Hockey Association">Yorkshire Hockey Association League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Universities_and_Colleges_Sport" title="British Universities and Colleges Sport">BUCS leagues</a>. These include Leeds Hockey Club, <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Adel_Hockey_Club" title="Leeds Adel Hockey Club">Leeds Adel Carnegie Hockey Club</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">University of Leeds</a> Hockey Club, and <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Beckett_University" title="Leeds Beckett University">Leeds Beckett University</a> Hockey Club.<a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> The City of Leeds Synchronised <a href="/wiki/Swimming" title="Swimming">Swimming</a> Club train at the <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Centre_for_Sport" title="John Charles Centre for Sport">John Charles Centre for Sport</a> and are represented by swimmers throughout the whole of the North East. The club was founded in 2008 and only compete in National and International Competition.<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carnegie_Pavilion,_Headingley_Stadium,_Leeds_during_the_second_day_of_the_England-_Sri_Lanka_test_(21st_April_2014)_001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Carnegie_Pavilion%2C_Headingley_Stadium%2C_Leeds_during_the_second_day_of_the_England-_Sri_Lanka_test_%2821st_April_2014%29_001.JPG/220px-Carnegie_Pavilion%2C_Headingley_Stadium%2C_Leeds_during_the_second_day_of_the_England-_Sri_Lanka_test_%2821st_April_2014%29_001.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Carnegie_Pavilion%2C_Headingley_Stadium%2C_Leeds_during_the_second_day_of_the_England-_Sri_Lanka_test_%2821st_April_2014%29_001.JPG/330px-Carnegie_Pavilion%2C_Headingley_Stadium%2C_Leeds_during_the_second_day_of_the_England-_Sri_Lanka_test_%2821st_April_2014%29_001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Carnegie_Pavilion%2C_Headingley_Stadium%2C_Leeds_during_the_second_day_of_the_England-_Sri_Lanka_test_%2821st_April_2014%29_001.JPG/440px-Carnegie_Pavilion%2C_Headingley_Stadium%2C_Leeds_during_the_second_day_of_the_England-_Sri_Lanka_test_%2821st_April_2014%29_001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Carnegie Pavilion at <a href="/wiki/Headingley_Stadium" title="Headingley Stadium">Headingley Stadium</a></figcaption></figure>The city has a wealth of sports facilities including the <a href="/wiki/Elland_Road" title="Elland Road">Elland Road</a> football stadium, a host stadium during the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_1996" title="UEFA Euro 1996">1996 European Football Championship</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Headingley_Stadium" title="Headingley Stadium">Headingley Carnegie Stadiums</a>, adjacent stadia world-famous for both <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> and the <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Centre_for_Sport" title="John Charles Centre for Sport">John Charles Centre for Sport</a> with an <a href="/wiki/List_of_long_course_swimming_pools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of long course swimming pools in the United Kingdom">Olympic-sized pool</a> in its Aquatics Centre<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a> and includes a multi-use stadium. Other facilities include the Leeds Wall (climbing) and <a href="/wiki/Yeadon_Tarn" title="Yeadon Tarn">Yeadon Tarn</a> sailing centre. In 1929 the first Ryder Cup of Golf to be held on British soil was competed for at <a href="/wiki/Moortown_Golf_Club" title="Moortown Golf Club">Moortown Golf Club</a> in Alwoodley, and Wetherby has a <a href="/wiki/National_Hunt_racing" title="National Hunt racing">National Hunt</a> <a href="/wiki/Wetherby_Racecourse" title="Wetherby Racecourse">racecourse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> In the period 1928 to 1939 speedway racing was staged in Leeds on a track at the greyhound stadium known as Fullerton Park, adjacent to Elland Road. The track entered a team in the 1931 Northern league. The <a href="/wiki/2014_Tour_de_France" title="2014 Tour de France">2014 Tour de France</a> Grand Départ took place from the Headrow in Leeds city centre on 5 July 2014. Leeds is well known for its divers and features some of the best diving facilities in the UK. City of Leeds Diving Club, who train at the <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Centre_for_Sport" title="John Charles Centre for Sport">John Charles Centre for Sport</a>, has trained many athletes who have competed at international and <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> level, with <a href="/wiki/Jack_Laugher" title="Jack Laugher">Jack Laugher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Mears_(diver)" title="Chris Mears (diver)">Chris Mears</a> making history by becoming the first ever divers from Great Britain to win an Olympic gold medal, a feat they accomplished at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Rio Olympics</a>. Leeds has an <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> team, the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Knights" title="Leeds Knights">Leeds Knights</a> (formerly named Leeds Chiefs); they play at the Planet Ice Arena in <a href="/wiki/Beeston,_Leeds" title="Beeston, Leeds">Beeston, Leeds</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/National_Ice_Hockey_League" title="National Ice Hockey League">National Ice Hockey League</a>. Leeds has a well-established climbing and mountaineering scene. The <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Ramblers%27_Club" title="Yorkshire Ramblers' Club">Yorkshire Ramblers’ Club</a>, England’s second oldest mountaineering club, was founded in Headingley in 1892, and the city is also home to a number of other climbing clubs and venues. The UK’s first artificial <a href="/wiki/Climbing_wall" title="Climbing wall">climbing wall</a> for training and developing technique was established at the University of Leeds in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a> Leeds has hosted the <a href="/wiki/British_Mountaineering_Council" title="British Mountaineering Council">BMC’s</a> British Bouldering Championships,<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> and the Youth Climbing Series Grand Final.<a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teams">Teams</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Teams">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Club </th> <th scope="col">Sport </th> <th scope="col">League </th> <th scope="col">Venue </th> <th scope="col">Location </th> <th scope="col">Formed </th> <th scope="col">Top flight championships </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_CCC" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkshire CCC">Yorkshire CCC</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Championship" title="County Championship">County Championship</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Headingley_Stadium" title="Headingley Stadium">Headingley Stadium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Headingley" title="Headingley">Headingley</a> </td> <td>1863 </td> <td>33 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Rhinos" title="Leeds Rhinos">Leeds Rhinos</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Super_League" title="Super League">Super League</a> </td> <td>Headingley Stadium </td> <td>Headingley </td> <td>1870 </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Leeds_United_F.C." title="Leeds United F.C.">Leeds United</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/EFL_Championship" title="EFL Championship">EFL Championship</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elland_Road" title="Elland Road">Elland Road</a> Stadium </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beeston,_Leeds" title="Beeston, Leeds">Beeston</a> </td> <td>1919 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hunslet_R.L.F.C." title="Hunslet R.L.F.C.">Hunslet</a> </th> <td>Rugby league </td> <td><a href="/wiki/League_1_(rugby_league)" class="mw-redirect" title="League 1 (rugby league)">League 1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Centre_for_Sport" title="John Charles Centre for Sport">John Charles Centre for Sport</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hunslet" title="Hunslet">Hunslet</a> </td> <td>1883 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guiseley_A.F.C." title="Guiseley A.F.C.">Guiseley</a> </th> <td>Football </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Premier_League" title="Northern Premier League">Northern Premier League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nethermoor_Park" title="Nethermoor Park">Nethermoor Park</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guiseley" title="Guiseley">Guiseley</a> </td> <td>1909 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Farsley_Celtic_F.C." title="Farsley Celtic F.C.">Farsley Celtic</a> </th> <td>Football </td> <td>National League North </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Throstle_Nest" class="mw-redirect" title="Throstle Nest">Throstle Nest</a> Stadium </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Farsley" title="Farsley">Farsley</a> </td> <td>1908 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Knights" title="Leeds Knights">Leeds Knights</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Ice_Hockey_League" title="National Ice Hockey League">National Ice Hockey League</a> </td> <td>Planet Ice Leeds </td> <td>Beeston </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_places_of_worship_in_the_City_of_Leeds" title="List of places of worship in the City of Leeds">List of places of worship in the City of Leeds</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_Parish_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Leeds_Parish_Church.jpg/250px-Leeds_Parish_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Leeds_Parish_Church.jpg/330px-Leeds_Parish_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Leeds_Parish_Church.jpg/500px-Leeds_Parish_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Minster" title="Leeds Minster">Leeds Minster</a> has been designated a <a href="/wiki/Grade_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade I">Grade I</a> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a> by <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>.</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1279587269">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>.l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (min-width:641px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{width:min-content}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Religion in Leeds (2021)<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li>Christianity (42.3%)</li> <li>No religion (40.2%)</li> <li>Islam (7.8%)</li> <li>Sikhism (1.2%)</li> <li>Hinduism (1.1%)</li> <li>Judaism (0.8%)</li> <li>Buddhism (0.4%)</li> <li>Other religion (0.4%)</li> <li>Not stated (5.8%)</li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:Grey;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Not stated (5.8%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie25" style="background:Red;color:#000" title="Christianity (42.3%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:Red;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.173turn)" title="Christianity (42.3%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:DarkOrange;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.423turn)" title="No religion (40.2%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:DarkOrange;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.575turn)" title="No religion (40.2%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:Green;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.825turn)" title="Islam (7.8%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:Green;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.833turn)" title="Islam (7.8%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.903turn); background:DarkKhaki;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 7.55414263% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Sikhism (1.2%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.915turn); background:Yellow;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 6.92253007% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Hinduism (1.1%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.926turn); background:Purple;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 5.03078592% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Judaism (0.8%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.934turn); background:Blue;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 2.51380343% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Buddhism (0.4%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.938turn); background:White;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 2.51380343% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Other religion (0.4%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> The majority of people in Leeds identify themselves as <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Census_Data-99">[98]</a> Leeds does not have a <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> cathedral: although it is in the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Leeds" title="Anglican Diocese of Leeds">Diocese of Leeds</a> (formerly in the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Ripon_and_Leeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Ripon and Leeds">Diocese of Ripon and Leeds</a>), headed by the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Bishop_of_Leeds" title="Anglican Bishop of Leeds">Bishop of Leeds</a>, the diocese has cathedrals in <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Cathedral" title="Bradford Cathedral">Bradford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ripon_Cathedral" title="Ripon Cathedral">Ripon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wakefield_Cathedral" title="Wakefield Cathedral">Wakefield</a> (although the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Ripon_and_Leeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Ripon and Leeds">Bishop</a>'s residence has been in Leeds since 2008). The most important Anglican church is <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Minster" title="Leeds Minster">Leeds Minster</a>, although <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Leeds" title="St George's Church, Leeds">St. George's</a> has the largest congregation by far. Leeds has a Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Cathedral" title="Leeds Cathedral">Cathedral</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">episcopal</a> seat of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Leeds" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds">Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds</a>. Many other Christian denominations and new religious movements are established in Leeds, including <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptists_Together" title="Baptists Together">Baptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Christ,_Scientist" title="Church of Christ, Scientist">Christian Scientist</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Christ" title="Community of Christ">Community of Christ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Army" title="Jesus Army">Jesus Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Methodist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Nazarene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newfrontiers" title="Newfrontiers">Newfrontiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Society of Friends ("Quakers")</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Unitarian_and_Free_Christian_Churches" title="General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches">Unitarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Reformed_Church" title="United Reformed Church">United Reformed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Vineyard_Churches" title="Association of Vineyard Churches">Vineyard</a>, an ecumenical Chinese church, <a href="/wiki/Living_Faith_Church_Worldwide" title="Living Faith Church Worldwide">Winners' Chapel</a>, and several independent churches.<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HarehillsMosqueDome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/HarehillsMosqueDome.jpg/220px-HarehillsMosqueDome.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/HarehillsMosqueDome.jpg/330px-HarehillsMosqueDome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/HarehillsMosqueDome.jpg/440px-HarehillsMosqueDome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="829" /></a><figcaption>Harehills Mosque</figcaption></figure> The proportion of <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> in Leeds is slightly above average for the country (5.4% as of 2011).<a href="#cite_note-Census_Data-99">[98]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Needs update</a>] <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosques</a> can be found throughout the city, serving Muslim communities in <a href="/wiki/Chapeltown,_Leeds" title="Chapeltown, Leeds">Chapeltown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harehills" title="Harehills">Harehills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Leeds" title="Hyde Park, Leeds">Hyde Park</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Beeston,_Leeds" title="Beeston, Leeds">Beeston</a>. The largest mosque is <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Grand_Mosque" title="Leeds Grand Mosque">Leeds Grand Mosque</a> in Hyde Park. The <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> community is represented by <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">gurdwaras</a> (temples) spread across the city, the largest being in <a href="/wiki/Chapeltown,_Leeds" title="Chapeltown, Leeds">Chapeltown</a>. There is also a colourful religious annual procession, called the Nagar Kirtan, into <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Square,_Leeds" title="Millennium Square, Leeds">Millennium Square</a> in the city centre on 13–14 April to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a>—the Sikh New Year and the birth of the religion. It is estimated that around 3,000 Sikhs in Leeds take part in this annual event. Leeds's <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> community is the third-largest in the United Kingdom, after London and Greater Manchester.<a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a> The areas of <a href="/wiki/Alwoodley" title="Alwoodley">Alwoodley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moortown,_West_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Moortown, West Yorkshire">Moortown</a> contain sizeable Jewish populations.<a href="#cite_note-Freedman-100">[99]</a> There are eight active synagogues in Leeds.<a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> community in Leeds has a <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">temple</a> (mandir) at <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Leeds" title="Hyde Park, Leeds">Hyde Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a> The temple has all the major Hindu deities and is dedicated to the Lord <a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a> Various <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> traditions are represented in Leeds,<a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a> including: <a href="/wiki/Soka_Gakkai" title="Soka Gakkai">Soka Gakkai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triratna_Buddhist_Community" title="Triratna Buddhist Community">Triratna Buddhist Community</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>. The Buddhist community (<a href="/wiki/Sangha_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangha (Buddhism)">sangha</a>) comes together to celebrate the major festival of <a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Wesak</a> in May. There is also a community of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> in Leeds.<a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_services">Public services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Public services">edit</a>]</div> Water supply and <a href="/wiki/Sewerage" title="Sewerage">sewerage</a> services in Leeds are provided by <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Water" title="Yorkshire Water">Yorkshire Water</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Kelda_Group" title="Kelda Group">Kelda Group</a>. Prior to 1973 water and sewerage services had been provided by the Leeds Corporation. Leeds City Council has a target of 11MW of renewable energy from onshore wind by 2010 and an aspirational target of 75MW by 2020. There are currently no operational wind farms in Leeds, but a planning application by <a href="/wiki/Banks_Group" title="Banks Group">Banks Renewables Ltd</a> for five turbines at Hook Moor, near <a href="/wiki/Micklefield" title="Micklefield">Micklefield</a>, was approved in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a> The area is policed by the <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Police" title="West Yorkshire Police">West Yorkshire Police</a>. The force has five policing districts covering the West Yorkshire area, one of which covers Leeds. The Leeds District Headquarters is located at Elland Road in the south of the city. In the north-west of the city the main stations are <a href="/wiki/Weetwood" title="Weetwood">Weetwood</a> and Woodhouse Lane; in the north-east, the main stations are Stainbeck near <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Allerton" title="Chapel Allerton">Chapel Allerton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Killingbeck" title="Killingbeck">Killingbeck</a>; in the south the main stations are Leeds Central, located on Park Street in the city centre, and the District Headquarters itself. Fire and rescue services are provided by the <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service">West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service</a>. The fire stations in Leeds are: <a href="/wiki/Cookridge" title="Cookridge">Cookridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gipton" title="Gipton">Gipton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunslet" title="Hunslet">Hunslet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swarcliffe" title="Swarcliffe">Stanks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moortown,_Leeds" title="Moortown, Leeds">Moortown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanningley" title="Stanningley">Stanningley</a>, and the "Leeds" fire station (near the city centre, on Kirkstall Road).<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_Central_Library_(16681977176).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Leeds_Central_Library_%2816681977176%29.jpg/250px-Leeds_Central_Library_%2816681977176%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Leeds_Central_Library_%2816681977176%29.jpg/330px-Leeds_Central_Library_%2816681977176%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Leeds_Central_Library_%2816681977176%29.jpg/500px-Leeds_Central_Library_%2816681977176%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Central_Library" title="Leeds Central Library">Leeds Central Library</a></figcaption></figure>NHS health services are provided by the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Teaching_Hospitals_NHS_Trust" title="Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust">Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust</a>, Leeds Primary Care Trust,<a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a> and Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust,<a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a> which provides mental health services. <a href="/wiki/Leeds_General_Infirmary" title="Leeds General Infirmary">Leeds General Infirmary</a> ("LGI") is a <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a> with more recent additions and is in the city centre. <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_University_Hospital" title="St James's University Hospital">St James's University Hospital</a>, known locally as "Jimmy's",<a href="#cite_note-St_James'_Hospital-304">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[304]</a> is to the north east of the city centre and is the largest teaching hospital in Europe. Other NHS hospitals are <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Allerton_Hospital" title="Chapel Allerton Hospital">Chapel Allerton Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seacroft_Hospital" title="Seacroft Hospital">Seacroft Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wharfedale_Hospital" title="Wharfedale Hospital">Wharfedale Hospital</a> in Otley, and <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Dental_Institute" title="Leeds Dental Institute">Leeds Dental Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-306">[305]</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Joint_Services" title="West Yorkshire Joint Services">West Yorkshire Joint Services</a> provides analytical, archaeological, archives, ecology, materials testing, and trading standards services in Leeds and the other four districts of West Yorkshire. It was created following the abolition of the county council in 1986 and expanded in 1997, and is funded by the five district councils, pro rata to their population. The Leeds site of the archives service is in the former public library at <a href="/wiki/Sheepscar" title="Sheepscar">Sheepscar</a>, Leeds.<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Council" title="Leeds City Council">Leeds City Council</a> is responsible for over 50 public libraries across the whole city, including 5 mobile libraries. The main <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Central_Library" title="Leeds Central Library">Central Library</a> is located on the <a href="/wiki/The_Headrow" title="The Headrow">Headrow</a>, in the city centre. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_City">Freedom of the City</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Freedom of the City">edit</a>]</div> The following people, military units and organisations and groups have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a> of Leeds. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Individuals">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Field marshal (United Kingdom)">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig,_1st_Earl_Haig" title="Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig">Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig</a>: 23 January 1920.<a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Fleet_(Royal_Navy)" title="Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)">Admiral of the Fleet</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Beatty,_1st_Earl_Beatty" title="David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty">David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty</a>: 18 October 1922.<a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a>: 21 October 1922.<a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honours_of_Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" class="mw-redirect" title="Honours of Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax</a>: 5 March 1923.<a href="#cite_note-A_History_of_Modern_Leeds-311">[310]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a>: 13 March 1925.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a>: 13 March 1925.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Moynihan,_1st_Baron_Moynihan" title="Berkeley Moynihan, 1st Baron Moynihan">Berkeley Moynihan, 1st Baron Moynihan</a>: 6 October 1926.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Middlebrook" title="William Middlebrook">Sir William Middlebrook</a>: 6 October 1926.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brotherton,_1st_Baron_Brotherton" title="Edward Brotherton, 1st Baron Brotherton">Sir Edward Brotherton</a>: 6 October 1926.<a href="#cite_note-A_History_of_Modern_Leeds-311">[310]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden" title="Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden">Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden</a>: 11 September 1930.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Arthur Greenwood</a>: 11 September 1930.<a href="#cite_note-A_History_of_Modern_Leeds-311">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Countess_of_Harewood" title="Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood">Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood</a>: 7 July 1932.<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._V._Evatt" title="H. V. Evatt">H. V. Evatt</a>: 7 July 1943.<a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Sir Winston Churchill</a>: 28 October 1958.<a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">Major</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Milner,_1st_Baron_Milner_of_Leeds" title="James Milner, 1st Baron Milner of Leeds">James Milner, 1st Baron Milner of Leeds</a>: 1967.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>: 30 April 2001.<a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Waterman" title="Fanny Waterman">Dame Fanny Waterman</a>: April 2004.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Tomlinson" title="Jane Tomlinson">Jane Tomlinson</a> : 20 May 2005.<a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a>: 12 March 2006.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Heselden" title="Jimi Heselden">James Heselden</a>: 26 January 2011.<a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a> (Awarded posthumously)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Burton" title="Beryl Burton">Beryl Burton</a>: 12 September 2014.<a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a> (Awarded posthumously)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Burrow" title="Rob Burrow">Rob Burrow</a>: 20 December 2022<a href="#cite_note-BBCnews-320">[319]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Sinfield" title="Kevin Sinfield">Kevin Sinfield</a>: 20 December 2022<a href="#cite_note-BBCnews-320">[319]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_units">Military units</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Military units">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Ark_Royal_(91)" title="HMS Ark Royal (91)">HMS Ark Royal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">RN</a>: 4 November 1941.<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Church_Fenton" title="RAF Church Fenton">RAF Church Fenton</a>: 1971.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Ark_Royal_(R09)" title="HMS Ark Royal (R09)">HMS Ark Royal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">RN</a>: 25 October 1973.<a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a></li> <li>5th Battalion <a href="/wiki/The_Rifles" title="The Rifles">The Rifles</a>: 1 August 2009.<a href="#cite_note-324">[323]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Battalion,_Parachute_Regiment" title="4th Battalion, Parachute Regiment">4th Battalion</a> The <a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)">Parachute Regiment</a>: 9 December 2020.<a href="#cite_note-325">[324]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Rifles" title="Leeds Rifles">Leeds Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Pals" title="Leeds Pals">Leeds Pals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_(2nd_Yorkshire_West_Riding)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="51st (2nd Yorkshire West Riding) Regiment of Foot">51st (2nd Yorkshire West Riding) Regiment of Foot</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Volunteer_Corps" title="Leeds Volunteer Corps">Leeds Volunteer Corps</a> a volunteer regiment of the <a href="/wiki/British_Volunteer_Corps" title="British Volunteer Corps">British Volunteer Corps</a> during the Napoleonic Wars.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisations_and_Groups">Organisations and Groups</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Organisations and Groups">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_United_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds United FC">Leeds United FC 1967–74</a>: 4 December 2019.<a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Leeds" title="Outline of Leeds">Outline of Leeds</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Leeds" title="List of people from Leeds">List of people from Leeds</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Notes and references">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2021census-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021census_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021census_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved 5 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011+Census+%E2%80%93+Built-up+areas&rft.pub=ONS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Farticles%2F747.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Jackson, Kenneth Hurlstone. On the name 'Leeds'. In: Antiquity. A quarterly review of archaeology vol. 20, 80 (1946) pp. 209–210. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHanksHodgesMillsRoom2002" class="citation book cs1">Hanks, Patrick; Hodges, Flavia; Mills, A. D.; Room, Adrian (2002). The Oxford Names Companion. 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Retrieved 22 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+English+Towns%3A+Leeds&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Society+for+Promoting+Christian+Knowledge&rft.date=1919&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F221589888&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryoftheenglis027638mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-loiner-23"><a href="#cite_ref-loiner_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/content/articles/2005/01/06/voices2005_loiner_feature.shtml">"Loiners of the world unite!"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 February 2017. <q>In the 1830s, William Lupton left his widow with land..... in Merrion and Belgrave streets (Briggate)...the enclosed fields of the manor of Leeds were already occupied by a woolen mill and its reservoir and the house and outbuildings of William Lupton – a gentleman merchant</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Industrializing+Britain%2C+1780%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781135836450&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKZ-RAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dmanor%2B%2B%2Bof%2BLeeds%2B%2Bwilliam%2B%2BLupton%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5nMDAAAAQAAJ&q=lords+of+the+manor+of+leeds&pg=PA407">"Reports of All the Cases Decided by All the Superior Courts Relating to Magistrates, Municipal, and Parochial Law"</a>. 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Retrieved 24 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KS01+Usual+resident+population%3A+Census+2001%2C+Key+Statistics+for+urban+areas&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2005-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fstatbase%2Fssdataset.asp%3Fvlnk%3D8271%26More%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-marital_pop-94"><a href="#cite_ref-marital_pop_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090729074316/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8276&More=Y">"KS04 Marital status: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas"</a>. Office for National Statistics. 2 February 2005. 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Vision of Britain. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111113419/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10057140&c_id=10001043&add=N">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leeds+District%3A+total+population&rft.pub=Vision+of+Britain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofbritain.org.uk%2Fdata_cube_table_page.jsp%3Fdata_theme%3DT_POP%26data_cube%3DN_TPop%26u_id%3D10057140%26c_id%3D10001043%26add%3DN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> Retrieved on 19 December 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-citypopulation.de-96"><a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation.de_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-yorkshireandthehumber.php?cityid=E35001333">"Leeds (West Yorkshire, Yorkshire and the Humber, United Kingdom) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information"</a>. www.citypopulation.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180513081656/https://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-yorkshireandthehumber.php?cityid=E35001333">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Leeds+%28West+Yorkshire%2C+Yorkshire+and+the+Humber%2C+United+Kingdom%29+%E2%80%93+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts%2C+Map%2C+Location%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fphp%2Fuk-england-yorkshireandthehumber.php%3Fcityid%3DE35001333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-household-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-household_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-household_97-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604061057/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276810&c=Leeds&d=13&e=16&g=382985&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1231357883004&enc=1&dsFamilyId=165">"Leeds Metropolitan Borough household composition (households)"</a>. Office for National Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276810&c=Leeds&d=13&e=16&g=382985&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1231357883004&enc=1&dsFamilyId=165">the original</a> on 4 June 2011. 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ONS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116113227/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks202ew.xls">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2013. 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Retrieved 28 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nomisweb.co.uk&rft.atitle=KS209EW+%28Religion%29+%E2%80%93+Nomis+%E2%80%93+Official+Labour+Market+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fcensus%2F2011%2Fks209ew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freedman-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Freedman_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freedman_100-1">b</a> M. Freedman (1988) "The Leeds Jewish Community" pp. 161–174 in L. S. Tate (ed) Aspects of Leeds <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-871647-38-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-871647-38-X">1-871647-38-X</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-crime_street-101"><a href="#cite_ref-crime_street_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081009215103/http://www.upmystreet.com/local/police-crime/figures/l/Leeds-4292.html">"Crime figures in Leeds"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crime+Statistics+for+Leeds+Apr+2005+%E2%80%93+Mar+2006&rft.pub=Home+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crimestatistics.org.uk%2Ftool%2FDefault.asp%3Fregion%3D7%26force%3D28%26cdrp%3D106%26l1%3D0%26l2%3D0%26l3%3D0%26sub%3D0%26v%3D36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reform-103"><a href="#cite_ref-reform_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061007225256/http://www.reform.co.uk/filestore/pdf/Urban%20crime%20rankings%2C%20Reform%2C%20July%202006.pdf">"Urban Crime Rankings"</a> (PDF). July 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reform.co.uk/filestore/pdf/Urban%20crime%20rankings,%20Reform,%20July%202006.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Urban+Crime+Rankings&rft.date=2006-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reform.co.uk%2Ffilestore%2Fpdf%2FUrban%2520crime%2520rankings%2C%2520Reform%2C%2520July%25202006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-leeds_parish-104"><a href="#cite_ref-leeds_parish_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090405042856/http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Council_and_democracy/Councillors_democracy_and_elections/Parish_and_town_councils.aspx">"Parish and Town Councils"</a>. Leeds City Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Council_and_democracy/Councillors_democracy_and_elections/Parish_and_town_councils.aspx">the original</a> on 5 April 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parish+and+Town+Councils&rft.pub=Leeds+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leeds.gov.uk%2FCouncil_and_democracy%2FCouncillors_democracy_and_elections%2FParish_and_town_councils.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leeds.gov.uk/leeds-economy">"Leeds economy"</a>. www.leeds.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.leeds.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Leeds+economy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leeds.gov.uk%2Fleeds-economy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118082315/http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Business/Pages/Leeds-economy.aspx#http://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/Leeds%20economy%20at%20a%20glance%20%E2%80%93%20August%202016.pdf">"Leeds economy"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Business/Pages/Leeds-economy.aspx#http://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/Leeds%20economy%20at%20a%20glance%20%E2%80%93%20August%202016.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 18 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leeds+economy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leeds.gov.uk%2FBusiness%2FPages%2FLeeds-economy.aspx%23http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leeds.gov.uk%2Fdocs%2FLeeds%2520economy%2520at%2520a%2520glance%2520%25E2%2580%2593%2520August%25202016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnsworth_and_Stillwell2004">Unsworth and Stillwell 2004</a>, p. 169 </li> <li id="cite_note-econ_leeds-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-econ_leeds_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-econ_leeds_108-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-econ_leeds_108-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leeds.gov.uk/files/Internet2007/2012/6/14%20city%20centre.pdf">"The City Centre"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 25 November 2012. <q>he developed a single-lens camera which he used to make moving picture sequences at the Whitley family home in Roundhay and of Leeds Bridge in October 1888. ... it has been claimed that a photograph of a drowned man in the Paris police archives is that of Le Prince.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pioneers+of+Early+Cinema%3A+1%2C+Louis+Aim%C3%A9+Augustin+Le+Prince+%281841%E2%80%931890%3F%29&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=www.nationalmediamuseum.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meiermovies.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F06%2FPioneersOfEarlyCinemaLouisLePrince.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-33198686">"Louis Le Prince, who shot the world's first film in Leeds"</a>. 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Retrieved 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Leodis&rft.atitle=Royal+Visit%2C+Queen+Elizabeth+The+Queen+Mother&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leodis.net%2FViewImage%2FByIndicator%2F2002410_34681338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217045915/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gXKY6b3mWqY&gl=US&hl=en">"FREEDOM OF CITY FOR ARK ROYAL"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 21 July 2015. Archived from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=FREEDOM+OF+CITY+FOR+ARK+ROYAL&rft.date=2015-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DgXKY6b3mWqY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190831232303/https://news.leeds.gov.uk/freedom-of-city-for-the-rifles-regiment/">"Freedom of City for The Rifles Regiment"</a>. News.leeds.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.leeds.gov.uk/freedom-of-city-for-the-rifles-regiment/">the original</a> on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freedom+of+City+for+The+Rifles+Regiment&rft.pub=News.leeds.gov.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.leeds.gov.uk%2Ffreedom-of-city-for-the-rifles-regiment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/18926611.parachute-regiment-given-freedom-city/">"Parachute Regiment to be given freedom of city"</a>. Bradford Telegraph and Argus. 7 December 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bradford+Telegraph+and+Argus&rft.atitle=Parachute+Regiment+to+be+given+freedom+of+city&rft.date=2020-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk%2Fnews%2F18926611.parachute-regiment-given-freedom-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leedsunited.com/news/team-news/25892/don-revie-s-leeds-united-recognised-with-city-s-highest-civic-honour">"Don Revie's Leeds United Recognised With City's Highest Civic Honour"</a>. Leeds United. 4 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Leeds+United&rft.atitle=Don+Revie%27s+Leeds+United+Recognised+With+City%27s+Highest+Civic+Honour&rft.date=2019-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leedsunited.com%2Fnews%2Fteam-news%2F25892%2Fdon-revie-s-leeds-united-recognised-with-city-s-highest-civic-honour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> The area that is the subject of this article does not have legal city status itself, but is widely regarded as a city since it is the main and nominate settlement in the City of Leeds local government area </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurtGrady1994" class="citation book cs1">Burt, S.; Grady, K. (1994). The Illustrated History of Leeds. Breedon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781873626351" title="Special:BookSources/9781873626351"><bdi>9781873626351</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+History+of+Leeds&rft.pub=Breedon+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781873626351&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Grady%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFraser1982" class="citation book cs1">Fraser, Derek (1982). A History of Modern Leeds. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-0781-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-0781-1"><bdi>978-0-7190-0781-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Leeds&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-0781-1&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnsworth_and_Stillwell2004" class="citation book cs1">Unsworth and Stillwell (2004). Twenty-First Century Leeds: Geographies of a Regional City. Leeds: Leeds University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85316-242-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85316-242-5"><bdi>0-85316-242-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twenty-First+Century+Leeds%3A+Geographies+of+a+Regional+City&rft.place=Leeds&rft.pub=Leeds+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-85316-242-5&rft.au=Unsworth+and+Stillwell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeeds" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeds&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Leeds#Q39121" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Leeds">Leeds</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leeds.gov.uk/">Leeds City Council</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Leeds300" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/List_of_council_high-rise_apartment_buildings_in_the_City_of_Leeds" title="List of council high-rise apartment buildings in the City of Leeds">High-rise apartments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_city_centre" title="Leeds city centre">City centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Leeds" title="Demographics of Leeds">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Leeds" title="Economy of Leeds">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Leeds" title="History of Leeds">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leeds_Blue_Plaques" title="Category:Leeds Blue Plaques">Blue Plaques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Leeds" title="List of people from Leeds">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_of_worship_in_the_City_of_Leeds" title="List of places of worship in the City of Leeds">Places of worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Leeds" title="List of schools in Leeds">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Leeds" title="Tourism in Leeds">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chapeltown riots <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1975_Chapeltown_riot" title="1975 Chapeltown riot">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Chapeltown_riots" title="1981 Chapeltown riots">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Chapeltown_riot" title="1987 Chapeltown riot">1987</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armley_asbestos_disaster" title="Armley asbestos disaster">Armley asbestos disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leeds" title="Battle of Leeds">Battle of Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Seacroft_Moor" title="Battle of Seacroft Moor">Battle of Seacroft Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Blitz" title="Leeds Blitz">Leeds Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_dripping_riot" title="Leeds dripping riot">Dripping riot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Leeds" title="Culture of Leeds">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Leeds" title="Music in Leeds">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bands_originating_in_Leeds" title="List of bands originating in Leeds">Bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Conservatoire" title="Leeds Conservatoire">Leeds Conservatoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_and_Leeds_Festivals" title="Reading and Leeds Festivals">Leeds Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_International_Piano_Competition" title="Leeds International Piano Competition">International Piano Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_North" title="Opera North">Opera North‎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Media">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_TV" title="Leeds TV">Leeds TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_International_Film_Festival" title="Leeds International Film Festival">Leeds International Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Leeds" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Leeds">LGBT culture in Leeds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Pride" title="Leeds Pride">Leeds Pride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_West_Indian_Carnival" title="Leeds West Indian Carnival">West Indian Carnival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Night" title="Light Night">Light Night</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Council" title="Leeds City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">City of Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Region" title="Leeds City Region">City Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Council_elections" title="Leeds City Council elections">Local elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Leeds_City_Council_election" title="2015 Leeds City Council election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Leeds_City_Council_election" title="2016 Leeds City Council election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Leeds_City_Council_election" title="2018 Leeds City Council election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Leeds_City_Council_election" title="2019 Leeds City Council election">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wards_of_Leeds" title="Category:Wards of Leeds">Wards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Combined_Authority" title="West Yorkshire Combined Authority">West Yorkshire Combined Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Central_and_Headingley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds Central and Headingley (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds Central and Headingley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Sobel" title="Alex Sobel">Alex Sobel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds East (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burgon" title="Richard Burgon">Richard Burgon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_North_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds North East (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds North East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Hamilton" title="Fabian Hamilton">Fabian Hamilton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_North_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds North West (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds North West</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katie_White_(politician)" title="Katie White (politician)">Katie White</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds South (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds South</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Benn" title="Hilary Benn">Hilary Benn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_South_West_and_Morley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds South West and Morley (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds South West and Morley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Sewards" title="Mark Sewards">Mark Sewards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_West_and_Pudsey_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leeds West and Pudsey (UK Parliament constituency)">Leeds West and Pudsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Reeves" title="Rachel Reeves">Rachel Reeves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selby_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Selby (UK Parliament constituency)">Selby</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Mather" title="Keir Mather">Keir Mather</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefield_and_Rothwell_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wakefield and Rothwell (UK Parliament constituency)">Wakefield and Rothwell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Lightwood" title="Simon Lightwood">Simon Lightwood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetherby_and_Easingwold_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wetherby and Easingwold (UK Parliament constituency)">Wetherby and Easingwold</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Shelbrooke" title="Alec Shelbrooke">Alec Shelbrooke</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Leeds" title="Transport in Leeds">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A1_road_(Great_Britain)" title="A1 road (Great Britain)">A1(M)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A58_road" title="A58 road">A58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A61_road" title="A61 road">A61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A62_road" title="A62 road">A62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A64_road" title="A64 road">A64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A65_road" title="A65 road">A65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M62_motorway" title="M62 motorway">M62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M621_motorway" title="M621 motorway">M621</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_junctions_on_Leeds_City_Centre_Loop_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="List of junctions on Leeds City Centre Loop Road">City Centre Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Inner_Ring_Road" title="Leeds Inner Ring Road">Inner Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Outer_Ring_Road" title="Leeds Outer Ring Road">Outer Ring Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_West_Yorkshire" title="First West Yorkshire">First West Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arriva_Yorkshire" title="Arriva Yorkshire">Arriva Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transdev_Blazefield" title="Transdev Blazefield">Transdev Blazefield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrogate_bus_route_36" title="Harrogate bus route 36">Route 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Coastliner" title="Yorkshire Coastliner">Yorkshire Coastliner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_bus_station" title="Leeds City bus station">Leeds City bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeedsCityBus" title="LeedsCityBus">LeedsCityBus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bramley_railway_station_(West_Yorkshire)" title="Bramley railway station (West Yorkshire)">Bramley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burley_Park_railway_station" title="Burley Park railway station">Burley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottingley_railway_station" title="Cottingley railway station">Cottingley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Gates_railway_station" title="Cross Gates railway station">Cross Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Garforth_railway_station" title="East Garforth railway station">East Garforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garforth_railway_station" title="Garforth railway station">Garforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiseley_railway_station" title="Guiseley railway station">Guiseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headingley_railway_station" title="Headingley railway station">Headingley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsforth_railway_station" title="Horsforth railway station">Horsforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkstall_Forge_railway_station" title="Kirkstall Forge railway station">Kirkstall Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_railway_station" title="Leeds railway station">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micklefield_railway_station" title="Micklefield railway station">Micklefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morley_railway_station" title="Morley railway station">Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Pudsey_railway_station" title="New Pudsey railway station">New Pudsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlesford_railway_station" title="Woodlesford railway station">Woodlesford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lines and infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Disused_railway_stations_in_Leeds" title="Category:Disused railway stations in Leeds">Disused stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Light_Railway" title="Abbey Light Railway">Abbey Light Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleton_Railway" title="Middleton Railway">Middleton Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunslet_Engine_Company" title="Hunslet Engine Company">Hunslet Engine Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airedale_line" title="Airedale line">Airedale line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calder_Valley_line" title="Calder Valley line">Calder Valley line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallam_Line" title="Hallam Line">Hallam Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrogate_line" title="Harrogate line">Harrogate line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huddersfield_line" title="Huddersfield line">Huddersfield line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds%E2%80%93Bradford_lines" title="Leeds–Bradford lines">Leeds–Bradford lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds%E2%80%93Morecambe_line" title="Leeds–Morecambe line">Leeds–Morecambe line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontefract_line" title="Pontefract line">Pontefract line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selby_Line" title="Selby Line">Selby Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefield_line" title="Wakefield line">Wakefield line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wharfedale_line" title="Wharfedale line">Wharfedale line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_and_Selby_Lines" title="York and Selby Lines">York and Selby Lines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Canals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aire_and_Calder_Navigation" title="Aire and Calder Navigation">Aire and Calder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_and_Liverpool_Canal" title="Leeds and Liverpool Canal">Leeds and Liverpool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Leeds" title="Cycling in Leeds">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Bradford_Airport" title="Leeds Bradford Airport">Leeds Bradford Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Corporation_Tramways" title="Leeds Corporation Tramways">Trams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Leeds" title="Trolleybuses in Leeds">Trolleybuses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Leeds" title="Sport in Leeds">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Leeds" title="Football in Leeds">Football</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_United_F.C." title="Leeds United F.C.">Leeds United F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_F.C." title="Leeds City F.C.">Leeds City F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiseley_A.F.C." title="Guiseley A.F.C.">Guiseley A.F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farsley_Celtic_F.C." title="Farsley Celtic F.C.">Farsley Celtic F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Amateur_A.F.C." title="Yorkshire Amateur A.F.C.">Yorkshire Amateur A.F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garforth_Town_A.F.C." title="Garforth Town A.F.C.">Garforth Town A.F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Carnegie_F.C." title="Leeds Carnegie F.C.">Leeds Carnegie F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elland_Road" title="Elland Road">Elland Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel,_Farsley" class="mw-redirect" title="The Citadel, Farsley">The Citadel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rugby</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bramley_R.L.F.C." title="Bramley R.L.F.C.">Bramley R.L.F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramley_Buffaloes" title="Bramley Buffaloes">Bramley Buffaloes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunslet_R.L.F.C." title="Hunslet R.L.F.C.">Hunslet R.L.F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Akkies" title="Leeds Akkies">Leeds Akkies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Rhinos" title="Leeds Rhinos">Leeds Rhinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morley_R.F.C." title="Morley R.F.C.">Morley R.F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Carnegie" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkshire Carnegie">Yorkshire Carnegie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headingley_Rugby_Stadium" title="Headingley Rugby Stadium">Headingley Rugby Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cricket</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Superchargers" title="Northern Superchargers">Northern Superchargers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otley_Cricket_Club" title="Otley Cricket Club">Otley Cricket Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Yorkshire County Cricket Club">Yorkshire County Cricket Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Diamonds" title="Yorkshire Diamonds">Yorkshire Diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headingley_Cricket_Ground" title="Headingley Cricket Ground">Headingley Cricket Ground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elland_Road_Greyhound_Stadium" title="Elland Road Greyhound Stadium">Elland Road Greyhound Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grange_Park,_Wetherby" title="Grange Park, Wetherby">Grange Park, Wetherby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harewood_speed_Hillclimb" title="Harewood speed Hillclimb">Harewood speed Hillclimb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsforth_Golf_Club" title="Horsforth Golf Club">Horsforth Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Centre_for_Sport" title="John Charles Centre for Sport">John Charles Centre for Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkstall_Training_Ground" title="Kirkstall Training Ground">Kirkstall Training Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Bobcats" title="Leeds Bobcats">Leeds Bobcats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Chiefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds Chiefs">Leeds Chiefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Hockey_Club" title="Leeds Hockey Club">Leeds Hockey Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_International_Pool" title="Leeds International Pool">Leeds International Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Roller_Derby" title="Leeds Roller Derby">Leeds Roller Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Rowing_Club" title="Leeds Rowing Club">Leeds Rowing Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moortown_Golf_Club" title="Moortown Golf Club">Moortown Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetherby_Racecourse" title="Wetherby Racecourse">Wetherby Racecourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Rams" title="Yorkshire Rams">Yorkshire Rams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks, gardens & squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armley_Park" title="Armley Park">Armley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armouries_Square" title="Armouries Square">Armouries Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramley_Park,_Leeds" title="Bramley Park, Leeds">Bramley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramley_Fall_Park" title="Bramley Fall Park">Bramley Fall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Square,_Leeds" title="City Square, Leeds">City Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnley_Hall_Park" title="Farnley Hall Park">Farnley Hall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Acre_Park" title="Golden Acre Park">Golden Acre Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsforth_Hall_Park" title="Horsforth Hall Park">Horsforth Hall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkstall_Abbey" title="Kirkstall Abbey">Kirkstall Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrion_Street_Gardens" title="Merrion Street Gardens">Merrion Street Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleton_Park" title="Middleton Park">Middleton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Square,_Leeds" title="Millennium Square, Leeds">Millennium Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Square,_Leeds" title="Park Square, Leeds">Park Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potternewton_Park" title="Potternewton Park">Potternewton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudsey_Park" title="Pudsey Park">Pudsey Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhay_Park" title="Roundhay Park">Roundhay Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springhead_Park" title="Springhead Park">Springhead Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Newsam" title="Temple Newsam">Temple Newsam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorpe_Park_Leeds" title="Thorpe Park Leeds">Thorpe Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetherby_Ings" title="Wetherby Ings">Wetherby Ings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodhouse_Moor" title="Woodhouse Moor">Woodhouse Moor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Leeds" title="List of places in Leeds">Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adel,_Leeds" title="Adel, Leeds">Adel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aireborough" title="Aireborough">Aireborough</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guiseley" title="Guiseley">Guiseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawdon,_West_Yorkshire" title="Rawdon, West Yorkshire">Rawdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeadon,_West_Yorkshire" title="Yeadon, West Yorkshire">Yeadon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwoodley" title="Alwoodley">Alwoodley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armley" title="Armley">Armley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austhorpe" title="Austhorpe">Austhorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beckett_Park" title="Beckett Park">Beckett Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeston,_Leeds" title="Beeston, Leeds">Beeston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle,_Leeds" title="Belle Isle, Leeds">Belle Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Spa" title="Boston Spa">Boston Spa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramhope" title="Bramhope">Bramhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramley,_Leeds" title="Bramley, Leeds">Bramley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Moor" title="Brown Moor">Brown Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burley,_Leeds" title="Burley, Leeds">Burley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_Allerton" title="Chapel Allerton">Chapel Allerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapeltown,_Leeds" title="Chapeltown, Leeds">Chapeltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colton,_Leeds" title="Colton, Leeds">Colton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookridge" title="Cookridge">Cookridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Gates" title="Cross Gates">Cross Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnley,_Leeds" title="Farnley, Leeds">Farnley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Headingley" title="Far Headingley">Far Headingley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garforth" title="Garforth">Garforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gildersome" title="Gildersome">Gildersome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gipton" title="Gipton">Gipton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halton,_Leeds" title="Halton, Leeds">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halton_Moor" title="Halton Moor">Halton Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harehills" title="Harehills">Harehills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headingley" title="Headingley">Headingley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holbeck" title="Holbeck">Holbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holt_Park" title="Holt Park">Holt Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsforth" title="Horsforth">Horsforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunslet" title="Hunslet">Hunslet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Leeds" title="Hyde Park, Leeds">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killingbeck" title="Killingbeck">Killingbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkstall" title="Kirkstall">Kirkstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawnswood" title="Lawnswood">Lawnswood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_London,_Leeds" title="Little London, Leeds">Little London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meanwood" title="Meanwood">Meanwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleton,_Leeds" title="Middleton, Leeds">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moortown,_Leeds" title="Moortown, Leeds">Moortown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morley,_West_Yorkshire" title="Morley, West Yorkshire">Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakwood,_Leeds" title="Oakwood, Leeds">Oakwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otley" title="Otley">Otley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudsey" title="Pudsey">Pudsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhay" title="Roundhay">Roundhay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheepscar" title="Sheepscar">Sheepscar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seacroft" title="Seacroft">Seacroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinshill" title="Tinshill">Tinshill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Park,_Leeds" title="West Park, Leeds">West Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitkirk" title="Whitkirk">Whitkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodhouse,_Leeds" title="Woodhouse, Leeds">Woodhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wortley,_Leeds" title="Wortley, Leeds">Wortley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Leeds" title="Category:Leeds">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=West_Yorkshire&#124;link=West_Yorkshire_Ceremonial_county_of_West_Yorkshire454" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:West_Yorkshire" title="Template:West Yorkshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:West_Yorkshire" title="Template talk:West Yorkshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:West_Yorkshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:West Yorkshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=West_Yorkshire&#124;link=West_Yorkshire_Ceremonial_county_of_West_Yorkshire454" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire"><img alt="West Yorkshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Unofficial_Flag_of_West_Yorkshire.svg/40px-Unofficial_Flag_of_West_Yorkshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Unofficial_Flag_of_West_Yorkshire.svg/60px-Unofficial_Flag_of_West_Yorkshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Yorkshire" title="Portal:Yorkshire">Yorkshire Portal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">City of Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">City of Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">City of Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calderdale" title="Calderdale">Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirklees" title="Kirklees">Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements (cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baildon" title="Baildon">Baildon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batley" title="Batley">Batley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bingley" title="Bingley">Bingley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birstall,_West_Yorkshire" title="Birstall, West Yorkshire">Birstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford" title="Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighouse" title="Brighouse">Brighouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castleford" title="Castleford">Castleford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton,_West_Yorkshire" title="Clayton, West Yorkshire">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleckheaton" title="Cleckheaton">Cleckheaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denholme" title="Denholme">Denholme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewsbury" title="Dewsbury">Dewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elland" title="Elland">Elland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farsley" title="Farsley">Farsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featherstone" title="Featherstone">Featherstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garforth" title="Garforth">Garforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomersal,_West_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomersal, West Yorkshire">Gomersal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greetland" title="Greetland">Greetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiseley" title="Guiseley">Guiseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax,_West_Yorkshire" title="Halifax, West Yorkshire">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haworth" title="Haworth">Haworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebden_Bridge" title="Hebden Bridge">Hebden Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckmondwike" title="Heckmondwike">Heckmondwike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemsworth" title="Hemsworth">Hemsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipperholme" title="Hipperholme">Hipperholme and Lightcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmfirth" title="Holmfirth">Holmfirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horbury" title="Horbury">Horbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsforth" title="Horsforth">Horsforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huddersfield" title="Huddersfield">Huddersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkley" title="Ilkley">Ilkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keighley" title="Keighley">Keighley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kippax,_West_Yorkshire" title="Kippax, West Yorkshire">Kippax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkburton" title="Kirkburton">Kirkburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knottingley" title="Knottingley">Knottingley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liversedge" title="Liversedge">Liversedge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meltham" title="Meltham">Meltham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirfield" title="Mirfield">Mirfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morley,_West_Yorkshire" title="Morley, West Yorkshire">Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normanton,_West_Yorkshire" title="Normanton, West Yorkshire">Normanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossett" title="Ossett">Ossett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otley" title="Otley">Otley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontefract" title="Pontefract">Pontefract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudsey" title="Pudsey">Pudsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensbury,_West_Yorkshire" title="Queensbury, West Yorkshire">Queensbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothwell,_West_Yorkshire" title="Rothwell, West Yorkshire">Rothwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipley,_West_Yorkshire" title="Shipley, West Yorkshire">Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silsden" title="Silsden">Silsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Elmsall" title="South Elmsall">South Elmsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kirkby" title="South Kirkby">South Kirkby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sowerby_Bridge" title="Sowerby Bridge">Sowerby Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_West_Yorkshire" title="Stanley, West Yorkshire">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornton,_West_Yorkshire" title="Thornton, West Yorkshire">Thornton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todmorden" title="Todmorden">Todmorden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefield" title="Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetherby" title="Wetherby">Wetherby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyke,_Bradford" title="Wyke, Bradford">Wyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeadon,_West_Yorkshire" title="Yeadon, West Yorkshire">Yeadon</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_West_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in West Yorkshire">List of civil parishes in West Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_West_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in West Yorkshire">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Joint_Services" title="West Yorkshire Joint Services">West Yorkshire Joint Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_West_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in West Yorkshire">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_West_Yorkshire_by_population" title="List of settlements in West Yorkshire by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_West_Yorkshire" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in West Yorkshire">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_West_Yorkshire" title="Category:Country houses in West Yorkshire">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_West_Yorkshire" title="Grade I listed buildings in West Yorkshire">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_West_Yorkshire" title="Grade II* listed buildings in West Yorkshire">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_West_Yorkshire" title="Listed buildings in West Yorkshire">Listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_West_Yorkshire" title="List of windmills in West Yorkshire">Windmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_West_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="History of West Yorkshire">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_West_Yorkshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of West Yorkshire">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_West_Yorkshire" title="High Sheriff of West Yorkshire">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_in_West_Yorkshire" title="List of monastic houses in West Yorkshire">Monastic houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_West_Yorkshire" title="List of museums in West Yorkshire">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Yorkshire" title="List of rivers of Yorkshire">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Core_Cities_Group53" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Core_Cities_Group" title="Template:Core Cities Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Core_Cities_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Core Cities Group (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Core_Cities_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Core Cities Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Core_Cities_Group53" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Core_Cities_Group" title="Core Cities Group">Core Cities Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories154" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_cities" title="Template:UK cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_cities" title="Template talk:UK cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories154" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">Cities of the United Kingdom</a> and overseas territories</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster" title="City of Doncaster">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lancaster" title="City of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston,_Lancashire" title="City of Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_St_Albans" title="City of St Albans">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sheffield" title="City of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro" title="Truro">Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells,_Somerset" title="Wells, Somerset">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scotland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a></li> 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href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_County_Down" title="Bangor, County Down">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn" title="Lisburn">Lisburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_overseas_cities" title="British overseas cities">British overseas cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British Overseas Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" 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.portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg/21px-Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg/32px-Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg/42px-Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" 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class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-7bc5f57998-j7fmn","wgBackendResponseTime":393,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.746","walltime":"3.033","ppvisitednodes":{"value":20801,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":769138,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":71424,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":32,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1102780,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2505.257 1 -total"," 61.28% 1535.121 2 Template:Reflist"," 36.43% 912.637 231 Template:Cite_web"," 12.71% 318.407 1 Template:Infobox_UK_place"," 11.95% 299.479 2 Template:Infobox"," 6.23% 156.164 39 Template:Cite_news"," 5.14% 128.702 15 Template:Harvnb"," 4.75% 118.952 1 Template:Navboxes"," 4.51% 112.938 10 Template:Navbox"," 3.89% 97.566 2 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.668","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14971878,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaron\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeckett2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBennett2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBishop2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBond2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurtGrady1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarr2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaunce2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChapel_Allerton_Arts_Festival2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChapman2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChiu2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohn1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCookson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFletcher1919\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFord2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFraser1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFraser1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlypta2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGray2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanksHodgesMillsRoom2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarcup2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaywood2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoneyman2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHyde2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHyden2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIssitt\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIstrateNadeau2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJack2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKendallWroot1972\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLadouceur\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaclure\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcTaggart2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOffice_for_National_Statistics2001\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFPrice2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpracklenSpracklen\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFThornton2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUniversities_chaplaincy_in_Leeds\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnsworth_and_Stillwell2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaterson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoungs2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 20,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 39,\n [\"Cite vob\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 231,\n [\"City of Leeds\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 44,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"Core Cities Group\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Fix\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 15,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox UK place\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 9,\n [\"Multiple images\"] = 1,\n [\"National Heritage List for England\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rws\"] = 2,\n [\"See\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 1,\n [\"UK cities\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 10,\n [\"West Yorkshire\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n \"Historic_England%d+\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-78ddc69454-s9kc7","timestamp":"20250410050514","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Leeds","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leeds","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q39121","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q39121","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-18T21:09:33Z","dateModified":"2025-04-10T05:04:44Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/32\/PANORAMA_-_Leeds_5_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3075170.jpg","headline":"city in West Yorkshire, England, United 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