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href="#Yoga_practices_for_relaxation_and_restoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Yoga practices for relaxation and restoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yoga_practices_for_relaxation_and_restoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavasana" title="Shavasana – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Shavasana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="শবাসন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শবাসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0av%C3%A1sana" title="Šavásana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šavásana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavasana" title="Shavasana – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shavasana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="شاوآسانا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شاوآسانا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavasana" title="Shavasana – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shavasana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savasana" title="Savasana – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Savasana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="शवासन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शवासन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavasana" title="Shavasana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shavasana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavasana" title="Shavasana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shavasana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ശവാസനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശവാസനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="शवासन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शवासन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savasana" title="Savasana – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Savasana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="शवासन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="शवासन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavasana" title="Shavasana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shavasana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B#Шавасана" title="Релаксационные асаны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Релаксационные асаны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavasana" title="Shavasana – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shavasana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சவாசனம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சவாசனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="శవాసనము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="శవాసనము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Relaxed reclining posture in hatha yoga</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shavasana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Shavasana.jpg/300px-Shavasana.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Shavasana.jpg/450px-Shavasana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Shavasana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="289" /></a><figcaption>Shavasana</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Shavasana</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">शवासन</span>; <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i>śavāsana</i>), <b>Corpse Pose</b>, or <b>Mritasana</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-journal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">asana</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">hatha yoga</a> and modern <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">yoga as exercise</a>, often used for relaxation at the end of a session. It is the usual pose for the practice of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_nidra" title="Yoga nidra">yoga nidra</a> <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a>, and is an important pose in <a href="/wiki/Restorative_Yoga" title="Restorative Yoga">Restorative Yoga</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_origins">Etymology and origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shavasana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name Shavasana is from Sanskrit शव <i>Śava</i>, "corpse" and आसन <i>Āsana</i>, "posture" or "seat".<sup id="cite_ref-Sinha1996_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinha1996-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alternative name Mritasana is from Sanskrit मृत <i>mṛta</i>, "death".<sup id="cite_ref-journal_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest mention of the pose is in the 15th century <i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika">Hatha Yoga Pradipika</a></i> 1.32, which states in the context of a medieval belief system that "lying down on the ground supine, like a corpse, is called Shavasana. It eliminates tiredness and promotes calmness of the mind."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name Supta Padangusthasana is from Sanskrit सुप्त पादाङ्गुष्ठासन <i>supta pādāṅguṣṭhāsana</i>, from सुप्त supta, "reclined" and पादाङ्गुष्ठ pādāṅguṣṭha, "big toe".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199088_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta199088-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pose is not described in medieval hatha yoga texts, but appears in the 20th century; it is pose 27 in <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_Vinyasa_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a>'s primary series.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name Pavanamuktasana (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">पवनमुक्तासन</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Sanskrit">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Pavanamuktāsana</i></span>) is from Sanskrit पवन <i>pavana</i>, "wind" and मुक्त <i>mukta</i>, "free".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pose is unknown in medieval <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">hatha yoga</a>, appearing in the 20th century, for example as one of the set poses in the basic sequence of <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Yoga" title="Bikram Yoga">Bikram Yoga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shavasana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swami_Vishnudevananda_Teaching.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Swami_Vishnudevananda_Teaching.jpg/220px-Swami_Vishnudevananda_Teaching.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Swami_Vishnudevananda_Teaching.jpg/330px-Swami_Vishnudevananda_Teaching.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Swami_Vishnudevananda_Teaching.jpg/440px-Swami_Vishnudevananda_Teaching.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4395" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda yoga</a> class relaxing in Shavasana</figcaption></figure> <p>Shavasana and some sitting asanas maintain the balance between <a href="/wiki/Relaxation_(psychology)" title="Relaxation (psychology)">relaxation</a> and meditation (two key components of yoga) by their equal input of physical stimuli.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shavasana is performed on the back with the legs spread as wide as the yoga mat and arms relaxed to both the sides of the body, and the eyes closed. The whole body is relaxed on the floor with an awareness of the chest and abdomen rising and falling with each breath. During Shavasana, all parts of the body are scanned for muscular tension of any kind. Any muscular tension the body finds is consciously released as it is found. All control of the breath, the mind, and the body is then released for the duration of the asana. Shavasana is typically practiced for 5–10 minutes at the end of an asana practice, but can be practiced for 20–30 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-journal_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda yoga</a>, it is practised not only for "Final Relaxation" at the end of a session, but before the session and between asanas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELidell198323–27_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELidell198323–27-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The asana is released by slowly deepening the breath, flexing the fingers and toes, reaching the arms above the head, stretching the whole body, and exhaling while bringing the knees to the chest and rolling over to the side in a fetal position, drawing the head in the right arm. From here, one can push up into a seated position. Drowsiness or restlessness of the mind while in Shavasana may be counteracted by increasing the rate and depth of breathing. While in Shavasana, it is important to be in a neutral position.<sup id="cite_ref-journal_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shavasana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shavasana can be modified by bending the knees, keeping the feet hip-width apart, to allow people with <a href="/wiki/Low_back_pain" title="Low back pain">low back pain</a> to recline comfortably.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The variation can also be used by practitioners who find it hard to relax when lying flat.<sup id="cite_ref-journal_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Supta Padangusthasana ("Reclining Hand to Big Toe pose"<sup id="cite_ref-YJ_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YJ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is entered from Shavasana by raising one leg and optionally grasping the big toe with the hand on the same side.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199088_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta199088-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979244–246_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979244–246-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A variant is to turn the leg outwards and allow it to sink towards the ground, keeping the hip and trunk level. Another variant, possible only with supple hamstrings, is to bring the raised leg forwards over the face, raising the head to touch the leg, and stretching the arm that is grasping the big toe back and up over the shoulder.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199088_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta199088-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979244–246_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979244–246-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the back is stiff or the hamstrings are tight, <a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">a belt</a> held in both hands may be looped over the foot.<sup id="cite_ref-YJ_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YJ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, the vertical leg may be supported by a column or door frame.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199088_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta199088-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pavanamuktasana, also called Vatayanasana<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Wind-Relieving pose"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has the hands clasped around one shin, the knee brought close to the chest. The head may be lifted, and the body may be rocked backwards and forwards with the other leg slightly lifted.<sup id="cite_ref-Supta_Pavan_Muktasan_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Supta_Pavan_Muktasan-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shavasana_gx_pli%C3%A9s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shavasana with knees bent for people with low back pain"><img alt="Shavasana with knees bent for people with low back pain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Shavasana_gx_pli%C3%A9s.jpg/253px-Shavasana_gx_pli%C3%A9s.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Shavasana_gx_pli%C3%A9s.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="214" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shavasana with knees bent for people with <a href="/wiki/Low_back_pain" title="Low back pain">low back pain</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 198.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardha_maerudhandaasana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Supta Padangusthasana"><img alt="Supta Padangusthasana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ardha_maerudhandaasana.jpg/298px-Ardha_maerudhandaasana.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ardha_maerudhandaasana.jpg/447px-Ardha_maerudhandaasana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ardha_maerudhandaasana.jpg/596px-Ardha_maerudhandaasana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2676" data-file-height="1616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Supta Padangusthasana</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_style_of_pavanamuktasana_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pavanamuktasana"><img alt="Pavanamuktasana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/A_style_of_pavanamuktasana_%28cropped%29.JPG/327px-A_style_of_pavanamuktasana_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="218" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/A_style_of_pavanamuktasana_%28cropped%29.JPG/490px-A_style_of_pavanamuktasana_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/A_style_of_pavanamuktasana_%28cropped%29.JPG/653px-A_style_of_pavanamuktasana_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2918" data-file-height="1609" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pavanamuktasana</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects">Effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shavasana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shavasana is intended to rejuvenate the body, mind, and spirit. In the pose, the breath deepens, and stress is released. The yogi forgets all other thoughts and surrenders any psychological effort. While in Shavasana, yogis slip into blissful neutrality and reflect on the practice.<sup id="cite_ref-purpose_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-purpose-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comfort is essential in the pose; the slightest point of discomfort can be endlessly distracting. Shavasana is a good way to reduce stress and tension.<sup id="cite_ref-Physical_Education_Class_–_XII_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Physical_Education_Class_–_XII-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yoga_practices_for_relaxation_and_restoration">Yoga practices for relaxation and restoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shavasana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Yoga practices for relaxation and restoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Yoga_nidra" title="Yoga nidra">Yoga nidra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Restorative_Yoga" title="Restorative Yoga">Restorative Yoga</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a> practices intended for relaxation and restoration rather than <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">as exercise</a> make extensive use of Shavasana. <a href="/wiki/Yoga_nidra" title="Yoga nidra">Yoga nidra</a> ("yogic sleep") <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> is often practiced in Shavasana.<sup id="cite_ref-journal_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Restorative_Yoga" title="Restorative Yoga">Restorative Yoga</a>, too, a style involving long holding of asanas with liberal <a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">use of props</a> to support the body, includes multiple variations of Shavasana, with or without supports;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Judith_Hanson_Lasater" title="Judith Hanson Lasater">Judith Hanson Lasater</a> proposes five variants of Shavasana as "relaxation poses".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shavasana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shavasana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-journal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-journal_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-journal_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-journal_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-journal_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-journal_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-journal_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogajournal.com/poses/482">"Corpse Pose"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yoga+Journal&rft.atitle=Corpse+Pose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Fposes%2F482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sinha1996-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sinha1996_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinha1996" class="citation book cs1">Sinha, S. C. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-zzRvh1fRzEC&pg=PA18"><i>Dictionary of Philosophy</i></a>. Anmol Publications. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7041-293-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7041-293-9"><bdi>978-81-7041-293-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Philosophy&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Anmol+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-81-7041-293-9&rft.aulast=Sinha&rft.aufirst=S.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-zzRvh1fRzEC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika">Hatha Yoga Pradipika</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/hyp/hyp03.htm">Chapter 1, verse 32</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallinsonSingleton2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mallinson_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mallinson (author)">Mallinson, James</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_scholar)" title="Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)">Singleton, Mark</a> (2017). <a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga"><i>Roots of Yoga</i></a>. Penguin Books. pp. 108–109, "Hathapradipika. The first teaching of non-seated postures as part of <i>hathayoga</i>". With another translation of verse 1.32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5"><bdi>978-0-241-25304-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/928480104">928480104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roots+of+Yoga&rft.pages=108-109%2C+%22Hathapradipika.+The+first+teaching+of+non-seated+postures+as+part+of+%27%27hathayoga%27%27%22.+With+another+translation+of+verse+1.32&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F928480104&rft.isbn=978-0-241-25304-5&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Singleton%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta199088-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199088_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199088_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199088_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199088_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMehta1990">Mehta 1990</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58d8f1f6bebafba830681ed3/t/59b4bedf6f4ca36cb5fe1d43/1505017569753/">"Primary Series Asana Names"</a>. Ashtanga Yoga Fairbanks<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Primary+Series+Asana+Names&rft.pub=Ashtanga+Yoga+Fairbanks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic1.squarespace.com%2Fstatic%2F58d8f1f6bebafba830681ed3%2Ft%2F59b4bedf6f4ca36cb5fe1d43%2F1505017569753%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogapositions.co.in/pavanamuktasana.html">"Pavanamuktasana Yoga Asanas"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pavanamuktasana+Yoga+Asanas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogapositions.co.in%2Fpavanamuktasana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bikramyogaposesguide.com/page/2/">"Bikram Yoga Poses – 26 Postures / Asanas In Great Detail"</a>. Bikram Yoga<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bikram+Yoga+Poses+%E2%80%93+26+Postures+%2F+Asanas+In+Great+Detail&rft.pub=Bikram+Yoga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bikramyogaposesguide.com%2Fpage%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinghSingh2010" class="citation journal cs1">Singh, G.; Singh, J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbjsm.2010.078725.238">"Yoga Nidra: a deep mental relaxation approach"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Journal_of_Sports_Medicine" title="British Journal of Sports Medicine">British Journal of Sports Medicine</a></i>. <b>44</b> (44(S1)): i71–i72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbjsm.2010.078725.238">10.1136/bjsm.2010.078725.238</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&rft.atitle=Yoga+Nidra%3A+a+deep+mental+relaxation+approach&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=44%28S1%29&rft.pages=i71-i72&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbjsm.2010.078725.238&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Singh%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1136%252Fbjsm.2010.078725.238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELidell198323–27-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELidell198323–27_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLidell1983">Lidell 1983</a>, pp. 23–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanson2019" class="citation book cs1">Swanson, Ann (2019). <i>Science of Yoga : understand the anatomy and physiology to perfect your practice</i>. DK Publishing. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-7935-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-7935-8"><bdi>978-1-4654-7935-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+of+Yoga+%3A+understand+the+anatomy+and+physiology+to+perfect+your+practice&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4654-7935-8&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YJ-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YJ_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YJ_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon2018" class="citation web cs1">Anon (28 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogajournal.com/poses/reclining-big-toe-pose">"Reclining Hand-to-Big-Toe Pose"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reclining+Hand-to-Big-Toe+Pose&rft.pub=Yoga+Journal&rft.date=2018-08-28&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Fposes%2Freclining-big-toe-pose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979244–246-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979244–246_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979244–246_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIyengar1979">Iyengar 1979</a>, pp. 244–246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaraswati1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Saraswati, Vishnudevananda</a> (1988) [1960]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Illustrated_Book_of_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="The Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga">The Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga</a></i>. Three Rivers Press. p. plate 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0517884317" title="Special:BookSources/978-0517884317"><bdi>978-0517884317</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Illustrated+Book+of+Yoga&rft.pages=plate+54&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0517884317&rft.aulast=Saraswati&rft.aufirst=Vishnudevananda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sekDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA24"><i>Yoga Journal</i></a>. Active Interest Media. October 2008. p. 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga+Journal&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Active+Interest+Media&rft.date=2008-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsekDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Supta_Pavan_Muktasan-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Supta_Pavan_Muktasan_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapadia2002" class="citation book cs1">Kapadia, Praveen (2002). <i>Yoga Simplified</i> (1st ed.). Hyderabad: Gandhi Gyan Mandir Yoga Kendra. pp. 90–91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga+Simplified&rft.place=Hyderabad&rft.pages=90-91&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Gandhi+Gyan+Mandir+Yoga+Kendra&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Kapadia&rft.aufirst=Praveen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-purpose-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-purpose_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogajournal.com/article/beginners/the-purpose-of-corpse-pose/">"The Purpose of Corpse Pose"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yoga+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Purpose+of+Corpse+Pose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Farticle%2Fbeginners%2Fthe-purpose-of-corpse-pose%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Physical_Education_Class_–_XII-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Physical_Education_Class_–_XII_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DUf_UGAs3DAC&pg=PA64"><i>Physical Education Class – XII</i></a>. Rachna Sagar. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8137-350-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8137-350-2"><bdi>978-81-8137-350-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physical+Education+Class+%E2%80%93+XII&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Rachna+Sagar&rft.isbn=978-81-8137-350-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDUf_UGAs3DAC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lee" title="Cyndi Lee">Lee, Cyndi</a> (2004). <i>Yoga Body, Buddha Mind</i>. <a href="/wiki/Riverhead_Books" title="Riverhead Books">Riverhead Books</a>. pp. 237–240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59448-024-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59448-024-9"><bdi>978-1-59448-024-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga+Body%2C+Buddha+Mind&rft.pages=237-240&rft.pub=Riverhead+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59448-024-9&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Cyndi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLasater2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Judith_Lasater" class="mw-redirect" title="Judith Lasater">Lasater, Judith</a> (2017). <i>Restore and Rebalance: Yoga for Deep Relaxation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Shambhala" title="Shambhala">Shambhala</a>. pp. 101–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61180-499-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61180-499-7"><bdi>978-1-61180-499-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/975032763">975032763</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Restore+and+Rebalance%3A+Yoga+for+Deep+Relaxation&rft.pages=101-124&rft.pub=Shambhala&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F975032763&rft.isbn=978-1-61180-499-7&rft.aulast=Lasater&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shavasana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIyengar1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">Iyengar, B. K. S.</a> (1979) [1966]. <i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika</a></i>. Unwin Paperbacks.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Light+on+Yoga%3A+Yoga+Dipika&rft.pub=Unwin+Paperbacks&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Iyengar&rft.aufirst=B.+K.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLidell1983" class="citation book cs1">Lidell, Lucy; The Sivananda Yoga Centre (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofyoga0000lide"><i>The Book of Yoga: the complete step-by-step guide</i></a>. Ebury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85223-297-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85223-297-2"><bdi>978-0-85223-297-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12457963">12457963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Yoga%3A+the+complete+step-by-step+guide&rft.pub=Ebury&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12457963&rft.isbn=978-0-85223-297-2&rft.aulast=Lidell&rft.aufirst=Lucy%3B+The+Sivananda+Yoga+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofyoga0000lide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehta1990" class="citation book cs1">Mehta, Silva; Mehta, Mira; Mehta, Shyam (1990). <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga:_The_Iyengar_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga: The Iyengar Way">Yoga: The Iyengar Way</a></i>. Dorling Kindersley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga%3A+The+Iyengar+Way&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Silva%3B+Mehta%2C+Mira%3B+Mehta%2C+Shyam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShavasana" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asanas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Asanas" title="Template:Asanas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asanas" title="Template talk:Asanas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asanas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asanas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asanas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">Asanas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kriy%C4%81" title="Kriyā">Kriya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vinyasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyasa">Vinyasa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">Yoga as therapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Backbend#Asanas" title="Backbend">Backbends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anjaneyasana" title="Anjaneyasana">Anjaneyasana (crescent moon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidalasana" title="Bidalasana">Bidalasana (cat)/Bitilasana (cow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhujangasana" title="Bhujangasana">Bhujangasana (cobra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakrasana" title="Chakrasana">Chakrasana (wheel) or Urdhva Dhanurasana (upward bow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Dandasana" title="Viparita Dandasana">Viparita Dandasana (inverted staff)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapotasana" title="Kapotasana">Kapotasana (pigeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eka_Pada_Rajakapotasana" title="Eka Pada Rajakapotasana">Eka Pada Rajakapotasana (king pigeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustrasana" title="Ustrasana">Ushtrasana (camel)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kapala_Asana_(headstand)_from_Jogapradipika_1830_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kapala Asana (headstand) in Jogapradipika, 1830"><img alt="Kapala Asana (headstand) in Jogapradipika, 1830" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="274" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arm balances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astavakrasana" title="Astavakrasana">Ashtavakrasana (8-angled)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakasana" title="Bakasana">Bakasana (crane) or Kakasana (crow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koundinyasana" title="Koundinyasana">Koundinyasana (the sage Kaundinya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukkutasana" title="Kukkutasana">Kukkutasana (cockerel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasana" title="Mayurasana">Mayurasana (peacock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittibhasana" title="Tittibhasana">Tittibhasana (firefly)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inverted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Adho Mukha Svanasana (downward dog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handstand" title="Handstand">Adho Mukha Vrkshasana (handstand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halasana" title="Halasana">Halasana (plough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvangasana" title="Sarvangasana">Sarvangasana (shoulderstand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setu_Bandha_Sarvangasana" title="Setu Bandha Sarvangasana">Setu Bandha Sarvangasana (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirshasana" title="Shirshasana">Shirshasana (headstand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani (legs up the wall)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrischikasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrischikasana">Vrischikasana (scorpion)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reclining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anantasana" title="Anantasana">Anantasana (Vishnu's couch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_Namaskara" title="Ashtanga Namaskara">Ashtanga Namaskara (eight-limbed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhekasana" title="Bhekasana">Bhekasana (frog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturanga_Dandasana" title="Chaturanga Dandasana">Chaturanga Dandasana (low plank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanurasana" title="Dhanurasana">Dhanurasana (bow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathara_Parivartanasana" title="Jathara Parivartanasana">Jathara Parivartanasana (belly twist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makarasana" title="Makarasana">Makarasana (crocodile)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyasana" title="Matsyasana">Matsyasana (fish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salabhasana" title="Salabhasana">Shalabhasana (locust)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shavasana (corpse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasishtasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasishtasana">Vasishtasana (side plank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoganidrasana" title="Yoganidrasana">Yoganidrasana (yogic sleep)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sitting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meditation_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Meditation seat">Meditation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baddha_Konasana" title="Baddha Konasana">Baddha Konasana (cobbler)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomukhasana" title="Gomukhasana">Gomukhasana (cow face)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshasana" title="Gorakshasana">Gorakshasana (cowherd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Padmasana (lotus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhasana" title="Siddhasana">Siddhasana (accomplished)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simhasana" title="Simhasana">Simhasana (lion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasana_(yoga)" title="Vajrasana (yoga)">Vajrasana (thunderbolt)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Twists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharadvajasana" title="Bharadvajasana">Bharadvajasana (the sage Bharadvaja)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marichyasana" title="Marichyasana">Marichyasana (the sage Marichi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendrasana" title="Matsyendrasana">Matsyendrasana (the sage Matsyendra, lord of the fishes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasasana" title="Pasasana">Pashasana (noose)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akarna_Dhanurasana" title="Akarna Dhanurasana">Akarna Dhanurasana (shooting bow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasana" title="Balasana">Balasana (child)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbha_Pindasana" title="Garbha Pindasana">Garbha Pindasana (embryo in womb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanumanasana" title="Hanumanasana">Hanumanasana (monkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraunchasana" title="Kraunchasana">Kraunchasana (heron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmasana" title="Kurmasana">Kurmasana (tortoise)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malasana" title="Malasana">Malasana (garland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukasana" title="Mandukasana">Mandukasana (frog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulabandhasana" title="Mulabandhasana">Mulabandhasana (root lock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navasana" title="Navasana">Navasana (boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschimottanasana" title="Paschimottanasana">Paschimottanasana (seated forward bend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_(gymnastics)" title="Split (gymnastics)">Samakonasana (split)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virasana" title="Virasana">Virasana (hero)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Both legs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parighasana" title="Parighasana">Parighasana (gate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parshvottanasana" title="Parshvottanasana">Parshvottanasana (intense side stretch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasarita_Padottanasana" title="Prasarita Padottanasana">Prasarita Padottanasana (wide stance forward bend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadasana" title="Tadasana">Tadasana (mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trikonasana" title="Trikonasana">Trikonasana (triangle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkatasana" title="Utkatasana">Utkatasana (powerful)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttanasana" title="Uttanasana">Uttanasana (standing forward bend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utthita_Parshvakonasana" title="Utthita Parshvakonasana">Utthita Parshvakonasana (sideways)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virabhadrasana" title="Virabhadrasana">Virabhadrasana (warrior)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">One leg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardha_chandrasana" title="Ardha chandrasana">Ardha Chandrasana (half moon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvasasana" title="Durvasasana">Durvasasana (the sage Durvasa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garudasana" title="Garudasana">Garudasana (eagle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natarajasana" title="Natarajasana">Natarajasana (lord of the dance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utthita_Padangusthasana" title="Utthita Padangusthasana">Utthita Padangusthasana (standing big toe hold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vriksasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vriksasana">Vrikshasana (tree)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yoga_as_exercise" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template talk:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yoga_as_exercise" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asanas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Downward dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Lotus position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditative_postures" title="Meditative postures">Meditation seats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_pose" title="Tree pose">Tree pose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virabhadrasana" title="Virabhadrasana">Warrior</a></li> <li>Accompaniments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viny%C4%81sa" title="Vinyāsa">Vinyāsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_Vinyasas" title="Hasta Vinyasas">Hasta Vinyasas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_teacher_training" title="Yoga teacher training">Teacher training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Standards <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Wheel_of_Yoga" title="British Wheel of Yoga">British Wheel of Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_of_Yoga" title="European Union of Yoga">European Union of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Van_Lysebeth" title="André Van Lysebeth">André Van Lysebeth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Alliance" title="Yoga Alliance">Yoga Alliance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">Therapy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Yoga using props</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/Accessible_yoga" title="Accessible yoga">Accessible yoga</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Trauma-sensitive_yoga" title="Trauma-sensitive yoga">Trauma-sensitive yoga</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Restorative_Yoga" title="Restorative Yoga">Restorative Yoga</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Yoga_nidra" title="Yoga nidra">Yoga nidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Miller_(psychologist)" title="Richard Miller (psychologist)">International Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_yoga" title="Competitive yoga">Competitive yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asana_Journal" title="Asana Journal">Asana Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_brick" title="Yoga brick">Yoga brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_mat" title="Yoga mat">Yoga mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Farmer" title="Angela Farmer">Angela Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugger_Mugger_Yoga_Products" title="Hugger Mugger Yoga Products">Hugger Mugger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica" title="Lululemon Athletica">Lululemon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/80px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/120px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/160px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_yoga" title="Early modern yoga">Early modern yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li>1896 <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bernard_(yogi)" title="Pierre Bernard (yogi)">Pierre Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic Gymnastics">Harmonial gymnastics/yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Agniel" title="Marguerite Agniel">Marguerite Agniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bagot_Stack" title="Mary Bagot Stack">Mary Bagot Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Stebbins" title="Genevieve Stebbins">Genevieve Stebbins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">Physical culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishnu_Charan_Ghosh" title="Bishnu Charan Ghosh">B. C. Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._V._Iyer" title="K. V. Iyer">K. V. Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seetharaman_Sundaram" title="Seetharaman Sundaram">Seetharaman Sundaram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Autobiography_of_a_Yogi" title="Autobiography of a Yogi">Autobiography of a Yogi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_yoga" title="Hot yoga">Hot yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_yoga" title="Science of yoga">Science of yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_by_yoga_gurus" title="Sexual abuse by yoga gurus">Sexual abuse by yoga gurus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Remski" title="Matthew Remski">Matthew Remski</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_and_cultural_appropriation" title="Yoga and cultural appropriation">Yoga and cultural appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_advertising" title="Yoga in advertising">In advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_children" title="Yoga for children">For children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">For women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geeta_Iyengar" title="Geeta Iyengar">Geeta Iyengar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_tourism" title="Yoga tourism">Yoga tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_hybrids" title="List of yoga hybrids">Hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1938 <a href="/wiki/Naked_yoga" title="Naked yoga">Naked yoga</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jude_Boccio" title="Frank Jude Boccio">Frank Jude Boccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Cushman" title="Anne Cushman">Anne Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kabat-Zinn" title="Jon Kabat-Zinn">Jon Kabat-Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lee" title="Cyndi Lee">Cyndi Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Moffitt" title="Phillip Moffitt">Phillip Moffitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Acroyoga" title="Acroyoga">Acroyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doga_(yoga)" title="Doga (yoga)">Doga</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Paddleboard_Yoga" title="Paddleboard Yoga">Paddleboard Yoga</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Aerial_yoga" title="Aerial yoga">Aerial yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_yoga" title="Beer yoga">Beer yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga in America">America</a> <ul><li>1961 <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hittleman" title="Richard Hittleman">Yoga for Health</a></i></li> <li>1970 <i><a href="/wiki/Lilias,_Yoga_and_You" title="Lilias, Yoga and You">Lilias, Yoga and You</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain" title="Yoga in Britain">Britain</a> <ul><li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Lyn_Marshall" title="Lyn Marshall">Lyn Marshall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_France" title="Yoga in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Germany" title="Yoga in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_yoga_in_India" title="Postural yoga in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Italy" title="Yoga in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Russia" title="Yoga in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Sweden" title="Yoga in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brathen" title="Rachel Brathen">Rachel Brathen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li>1941 <a href="/wiki/Selvarajan_Yesudian" title="Selvarajan Yesudian">Selvarajan Yesudian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1996 <i><a href="/wiki/Norman_Sjoman" title="Norman Sjoman">Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace</a></i></li> <li>2004 <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alter" title="Joseph Alter">Yoga in Modern India</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Modern_Yoga" title="A History of Modern Yoga">A History of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2005 <i><a href="/wiki/Positioning_Yoga" title="Positioning Yoga">Positioning Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2010 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Body" title="Yoga Body">Yoga Body</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Subtle_Body" title="The Subtle Body">The Subtle Body</a></i></li> <li>2015 <i><a href="/wiki/Selling_Yoga" title="Selling Yoga">Selling Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2016 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Path_of_Modern_Yoga" title="The Path of Modern Yoga">The Path of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2017 <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2019 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain:_Stretching_Spirituality_and_Educating_Yogis" title="Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis">Yoga in Britain</a></i></li> <li>2020 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Yoga" title="The Story of Yoga">The Story of Yoga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <i><a href="/wiki/Guru_(2006_film)" title="Guru (2006 film)">Guru</a></i></li> <li>2009 <i><a href="/wiki/Enlighten_Up!" title="Enlighten Up!">Enlighten Up!</a></i></li> <li>2012 <i><a href="/wiki/Breath_of_the_Gods" title="Breath of the Gods">Breath of the Gods</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">Schools</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">Gurus</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1918 <a href="/wiki/The_Yoga_Institute" title="The Yoga Institute">The Yoga Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Yogendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Yogendra">Shri Yogendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa_Yogendra" title="Hansa Yogendra">Hansa Yogendra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1924 <a href="/wiki/Kaivalyadhama_Health_and_Yoga_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaivalyadhama Health and Yoga Research Center">Kaivalyadhama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Kuvalayananda" title="Swami Kuvalayananda">Swami Kuvalayananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1934 <a href="/wiki/Viniyoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Viniyoga">Viniyoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Tirumalai Krishnamacharya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Makaranda" title="Yoga Makaranda">Yoga Makaranda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._K._V._Desikachar" title="T. K. V. Desikachar">T. K. V. Desikachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Mohan" title="A. G. Mohan">A. G. Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi">Indra Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivatsa_Ramaswami" title="Srivatsa Ramaswami">Srivatsa Ramaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanda_Scaravelli" title="Vanda Scaravelli">Vanda Scaravelli</a></li></ul></li> <li>c. 1948 <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_vinyasa_yoga" title="Ashtanga vinyasa yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois" title="K. Pattabhi Jois">K. Pattabhi Jois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_style" title="Mysore style">Mysore style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Miller_(yoga_teacher)" title="Tim Miller (yoga teacher)">Tim Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kino_MacGregor" title="Kino MacGregor">Kino MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Schultz" title="Larry Schultz">Larry Schultz</a></li></ul></li> <li>1959 <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Illustrated_Book_of_Yoga" title="Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga">Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/Bihar_School_of_Yoga" title="Bihar School of Yoga">Bihar School of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satyananda_Saraswati" title="Satyananda Saraswati">Satyananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Yoga" title="Ananda Yoga">Ananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Integral_Yoga_(Satchidananda)" title="Integral Yoga (Satchidananda)">Integral Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satchidananda_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Satchidananda Saraswati">Satchidananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Kripalu_Center" title="Kripalu Center">Kripalu Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Desai" title="Amrit Desai">Amrit Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cope" title="Stephen Cope">Stephen Cope</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Institute_of_Yoga_Science_and_Philosophy" title="Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy">Himalayan Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li></ul></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Yoga" title="Bikram Yoga">Bikram Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikram_Choudhury" title="Bikram Choudhury">Bikram Choudhury</a></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Iyengar_Yoga" title="Iyengar Yoga">Iyengar Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_the_Iyengar_Way" title="Yoga the Iyengar Way">Yoga the Iyengar Way</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Mittra" title="Dharma Mittra">Dharma Mittra</a></li> <li>c. 1975 <a href="/wiki/Yin_Yoga" title="Yin Yoga">Yin Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulie_Zink" title="Paulie Zink">Paulie Zink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grilley" title="Paul Grilley">Paul Grilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Powers" title="Sarah Powers">Sarah Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Yoga" title="Forrest Yoga">Forrest Yoga</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Jivamukti_Yoga" title="Jivamukti Yoga">Jivamukti Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Gannon" title="Sharon Gannon">Sharon Gannon</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Power_Yoga" title="Power Yoga">Power Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Bender_Birch" title="Beryl Bender Birch">Beryl Bender Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Kest" title="Bryan Kest">Bryan Kest</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Anusara_School_of_Hatha_Yoga" title="Anusara School of Hatha Yoga">Anusara Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Friend_(yogi)" title="John Friend (yogi)">John Friend</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Core_Strength_Vinyasa_Yoga" title="Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga">Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-lineage_yoga" title="Post-lineage yoga">Post-lineage yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Asanas" title="Template:Asanas">Asanas (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">List of yoga schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_scholars" title="Template:Yoga scholars">Yoga scholars (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yoga_teachers" title="Category:Yoga teachers">Yoga teachers (category)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Yoginis" title="Template:Modern Yoginis">Modern Yoginis (template)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hatha_yoga" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hatha_yoga" title="Template:Hatha yoga"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hatha_yoga" title="Template talk:Hatha yoga"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hatha_yoga" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hatha yoga"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hatha_yoga" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subtle_body" title="Subtle body">Subtle body</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Bodies_Doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Bodies Doctrine">Three bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosha" title="Kosha">Five sheaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)" title="Nadi (yoga)">Nadi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sushumna" class="mw-redirect" title="Sushumna">Sushumna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">Prana</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mayurasana, in the Jogapradipika, 1830" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg/80px-Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg/120px-Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg/160px-Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="835" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Texts<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">Asanas</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancient <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> seats <i><a href="/wiki/Darshana_Upanishad" title="Darshana Upanishad">Darshana Upanishad</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ta%C3%B1jalayoga%C5%9B%C4%81stravivara%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa">Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gorakhnath" title="Gorakhnath">Goraksha Sataka</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gomukhasana" title="Gomukhasana">Gomukhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktasana">Muktasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Padmasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhasana" title="Siddhasana">Siddhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simhasana" title="Simhasana">Simhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopasrayasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopasrayasana">Sopasrayasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukhasana">Sukhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svastikasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Svastikasana">Svastikasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virasana" title="Virasana">Virasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Ancient non-meditation <i><a href="/wiki/Ahirbudhnya_Sa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā">Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ta%C3%B1jalayoga%C5%9B%C4%81stravivara%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa">Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dandasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandasana">Dandasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmasana" title="Kurmasana">Kurmasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>c. 7th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Ahirbudhnya_Samhita" title="Ahirbudhnya Samhita">Ahirbudhnya Samhita</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kukkutasana" title="Kukkutasana">Kukkutasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>c. 10th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Vimanarcanakalpa" title="Vimanarcanakalpa">Vimanarcanakalpa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasana" title="Mayurasana">Mayurasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>c. 11th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Amritasiddhi" title="Amritasiddhi">Amritasiddhi</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Hemacandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemacandra">Hemachandra's <i>Yogashastra</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muktasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktasana">Muktasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirshasana" title="Shirshasana">Shirshasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>12th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Amaraugha" title="Amaraugha">Amaraugha</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li>13th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya_Yoga_Shastra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dattatreya Yoga Shastra">Dattatreya Yoga Shastra</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Goraksha_Shataka" title="Goraksha Shataka">Goraksha Shataka</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha_Samhita" title="Vasishtha Samhita">Vasishtha Samhita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vivekam%C4%81rta%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da" title="Vivekamārtaṇḍa">Vivekamārtaṇḍa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>14th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Khecar%C4%ABvidy%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Khecarīvidyā">Khecarīvidyā</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sharngadhara-paddhati" title="Sharngadhara-paddhati">Sharngadhara-paddhati</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogab%C4%ABja" title="Yogabīja">Yogabīja</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogat%C4%81r%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Yogatārāvalī">Yogatārāvalī</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshasana" title="Gorakshasana">Gorakshasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschimottanasana" title="Paschimottanasana">Paschimottanasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>15th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika">Hatha Yoga Pradipika</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baddha_Konasana" title="Baddha Konasana">Baddha Konasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanurasana" title="Dhanurasana">Dhanurasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendrasana" title="Matsyendrasana">Matsyendrasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkatasana" title="Utkatasana">Utkatasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>17th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Gheranda_Samhita" title="Gheranda Samhita">Gheranda Samhita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADha_Ratn%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Haṭha Ratnāvalī">Hatha Ratnavali</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogacintamani" title="Yogacintamani">Yogacintamani</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bahr_al-Hay%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahr al-Hayāt">Bahr al-Hayāt</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakasana" title="Bakasana">Bakasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhujangasana" title="Bhujangasana">Bhujangasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakasana">Kakasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraunchasana" title="Kraunchasana">Kraunchasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makarasana" title="Makarasana">Makarasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukasana" title="Mandukasana">Mandukasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyasana" title="Matsyasana">Matsyasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasana_(yoga)" title="Vajrasana (yoga)">Vajrasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrikshasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrikshasana">Vrikshasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>18th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81bhy%C4%81sapaddhati" title="Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati">Hathabhyasa-paddhati</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Joga_Prad%C4%ABpik%C4%81" title="Joga Pradīpikā">Joga Pradipika</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handstand" title="Handstand">Adho Mukha Vrikshasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>19th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Sritattvanidhi" title="Sritattvanidhi">Sritattvanidhi</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akarna_Dhanurasana" title="Akarna Dhanurasana">Akarna Dhanurasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhairavasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhairavasana">Bhairavasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvasasana" title="Durvasasana">Durvasasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garudasana" title="Garudasana">Garudasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halasana" title="Halasana">Halasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navasana" title="Navasana">Navasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashasana">Pashasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setu_Bandha_Sarvangasana" title="Setu Bandha Sarvangasana">Setu Bandha Sarvangasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittibhasana" title="Tittibhasana">Tittibhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdhva_Dhanurasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdhva Dhanurasana">Urdhva Dhanurasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Late <ul><li>1905 <i><a href="/wiki/Yogasopana_Purvacatuska" title="Yogasopana Purvacatuska">Yogasopana Purvacatuska</a></i></li> <li>1943 <i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga:_The_Report_of_A_Personal_Experience" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience">Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mudra#Yogic_mudrās" title="Mudra">Mudras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga)">Mahamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maha Bandha">Maha Bandha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalandhara_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalandhara Bandha">Jalandhara Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mula Bandha">Mula Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uddiyana_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Uddiyana Bandha">Uddiyana Bandha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khecar%C4%AB_mudr%C4%81" title="Khecarī mudrā">Khechari mudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajroli_mudra" title="Vajroli mudra">Vajroli mudra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shatkarma" title="Shatkarma">Shatkarmas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhauti" title="Dhauti">Dhauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basti_(hatha_yoga)" title="Basti (hatha yoga)">Basti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalabhati" title="Kapalabhati">Kapalabhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauli" title="Nauli">Nauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neti_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Neti (Hatha Yoga)">Neti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Trāṭaka">Trataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anuloma_pranayama" title="Anuloma pranayama">Anuloma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhastrika" title="Bhastrika">Bhastrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhramari#Pranayama" title="Bhramari">Bhramari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbhaka" title="Kumbhaka">Kumbhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjayi" title="Ujjayi">Ujjayi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Yoga using props</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_Hatha_Yoga_asanas" title="Category:Medieval Hatha Yoga asanas">Category:Medieval Hatha Yoga asanas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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