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タイ:「ボートピープル」となったロヒンギャ民族の送還を止めよ | Human Rights Watch
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class="node-title"> <a href="/web/20130512223251/http://www.hrw.org/ja/news/2013/01/03" title="タイ:「ボートピープル」となったロヒンギャ民族の送還を止めよ">タイ:「ボートピープル」となったロヒンギャ民族の送還を止めよ</a> </h6> </div> <h6 class="node-subtitle">UNHCRによる庇護申請者へのアクセスの確保を</h6> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">2013年01月03日</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512223251/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fja%2Fnews%2F2013%2F01%2F03&count=horizontal&via=&text=%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%EF%BC%9A%E3%80%8C%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%83%AD%E3%83%92%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E3%81%AE%E9%80%81%E9%82%84%E3%82%92%E6%AD%A2%E3%82%81%E3%82%88&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fja%2Fnews%2F2013%2F01%2F03" class="twitter-share-button 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field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> タイ政府は、ビルマで過酷な迫害を受けているロヒンギャ民族の即時送還という冷酷な方針を撤廃し、ロヒンギャ民族に対し、庇護を求める権利を尊重すべきだ。UNHCRには、タイに到着したロヒンギャ民族全員を審査した上で庇護希望者を特定し、支援する許可が与えられるべきだ。 </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> ブラッド・アダムズ、アジア局長 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>(ニューヨーク) タイ政府はロヒンギャ民族73人の送還計画をただちに停止すべきだ。タイ当局は、国連難民高等弁務官事務所(UNHCR)に対し、ビルマのアラカン州から小型船舶を使って逃れてきたこの73人らへの自由な接触を認め、庇護希望の有無と難民該当性調査を実施できるようにすべきだ。</p> <p>2013年1月1日、プーケット県ボン島近くで、タイ当局は、ロヒンギャ民族73人からなる移住者を乗せた小型船の航行を停止させた。乗船者には20人もの未成年者がおり、わずか3歳の子どももいた。庇護申請者が乗っている可能性も高い。タイ当局は当初、食糧や水などの物資を提供し、燃料補給の後に、マレーシアのランカウィ島方向に船を出発させる予定だった。しかしおんぼろで、乗員も多すぎるこの船には亀裂が生じていること、また荒れた海の航海には耐えられそうにないほど衰弱した乗員が多かったことがわかったため、当局は一行を上陸させ、プーケット入国管理局に送致した。1月2日午後4時の時点で、このロヒンギャ民族73人全員を乗せた2台のトラックが、ビルマへの強制送還を行うため、ラノーン県に向かっていた。</p> <p>「タイ政府は、ビルマで過酷な迫害を受けているロヒンギャ民族の即時送還という冷酷な方針を撤廃し、ロヒンギャ民族に対し、庇護を求める権利を尊重すべきだ」と、ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチのアジア局長ブラッド・アダムズは述べた。「UNHCRには、タイに到着したロヒンギャ民族全員を審査した上で庇護希望者を特定し、支援する許可が与えられるべきだ。」</p> <p>タイ政府の通称「ヘルプ・オン」政策では、ロヒンギャ民族の庇護希望者に対して国際法が定める保護が提供されないだけでなく、場合によっては当人のリスクを高める可能性もあると、ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは指摘した。この「ヘルプ・オン」政策に基づき、タイ海軍には、ロヒンギャ民族を乗せた船がタイ領の海岸に過度に接近した際には、航行を停止させよとの命令が下されている。停船させた際、軍当局者は燃料と食糧、水などの物資を、その船がマレーシアかインドネシアに出航するとの条件で提供する。物資の提供中は乗員の下船が一切禁止される。</p> <p>仮に船がタイの領内に接岸するか、航行上の危険があると判断されると、タイの入管当局者は陸路による強制退去手続に入る。この「ソフトな送還」プロセスにより、ロヒンギャ民族は最終的にタイ・ビルマ国境のラノーン県でビルマ側に送還される。そこでは密入国斡旋業者がロヒンギャ民族を待ち構えており、マレーシアへの出国費用として法外な費用を請求する。この金額が払えない場合は労働での支払いが強要されるので、人の密輸(人身売買)に相当する状況に置かれる。</p> <p>「タイ政府は人身売買対策に取り組むと繰り返し述べているものの、送還によって密入国業者の手にロヒンギャ民族をゆだねており、人身売買被害が発生しやすい状況を作り出している」と、前出のアダムズは批判する。</p> <p>2009年1月、タイ国家安全保障会議(議長=アピシット首相[当時])は、海軍に対し、ロヒンギャ民族を乗せた船が航行してきた場合、航行を停止させて乗員の身柄を拘束した上で、海に送り返すことを許可した。この年にはその後、タイ治安部隊がロヒンギャ民族を乗せた船を外洋へ曳航している映像が撮影された。政府は当初この事実を否定したが、その後アピシット首相は「こうした類のことが起きていると信じるだけの理由はある」と述べてこれを認めた。最近の「ヘルプ・オン」戦略では、運行を停止させられた船には物資の供給が行われることになってはいるが、タイ海軍は依然としてロヒンギャ民族を満載した船を外洋に向けて送還しており、死者も出している。</p> <p>タイに向かうロヒンギャ民族庇護希望者に対するタイ政府の対応は、マレーシア政府の方針と著しい対照をなす。同国では、到着したロヒンギャ民族について、UNHCRの接触が通常認められている。そしてUNHCRが難民と認定すれば入管施設から釈放される。</p> <p>ロヒンギャ民族は何世代にもわたってビルマに住んでいたムスリム系少数民族の一つだが、ビルマ当局から長年迫害を受けている。アラカン州政府と軍当局は、ロヒンギャ民族に対して、移動・集会・結社の自由を普段から厳しく制限しており、強制労働を行わせるほか、宗教的迫害を実施し、土地や資源を奪いとっている。ロヒンギャ民族は1982年国籍法により実質的にビルマ国籍を認められていないため、無国籍状態に置かれている。</p> <p>毎年、ビルマのアラカン州に住む多数のロヒンギャ民族がビルマ軍政による迫害と激しい貧困から逃れている。2012年6月と10月には、ロヒンギャ民族などのムスリム系集団を標的とした社会間暴力が起きたため、同年後半には事態が著しく悪化した。2013年1月1日にプーケット県にロヒンギャ民族73人が到着した今回の出来事は、女性と子どもも対象にした停船命令としては初めて一般に認知されたものだ。今後数か月でもっと多くの船舶がビルマから出発すると見られている。</p> <p>世界人権宣言では、あらゆる人に迫害を免れるため避難する権利を認めている。タイ政府は1951年の難民条約の当事国ではないが、国際慣習法により、タイ政府にはノンルフールマン原則(当人の生命や自由が危険にさらされる可能性のある場所への送還を禁じるもの)を尊重する義務がある。</p> <p>タイ政府は同国の法律や手続きが、ロヒンギャ民族が持つ庇護へのニーズを正しく認識するようにしなければならないと、ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは指摘した。UNHCRには難民申請の審査を行う専門要員が配置されており、難民と無国籍者を保護するマンデートが与えられている。UNHCRが船で到着したロヒンギャ民族に効果的な審査を実施することは、タイ政府による難民認定への支援となる。</p> <p>「難民審査はロヒンギャ民族の庇護希望者を保護する上で欠くことのできないものであり、タイ政府はこの重要な手続きの実施を許可するべきだ」と、アダムズは述べた。「UNHCRによる難民審査が許可されるまで、タイ政府は「ボートピープル」となったロヒンギャ民族の強制送還を停止するべきだ。」 </p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_ar first"><a href="/web/20130512223251/http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2013/01/03" title="تايلاند – يجب الامتناع عن ترحيل "مهاجري القوارب" من الروهينغيا المسلمين" class="translation-link">العربية</a></li> <li class="node_translation_en last"><a href="/web/20130512223251/http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/01/02/thailand-don-t-deport-rohingya-boat-people" title="Thailand: Don’t Deport 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