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<div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisukord" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ajalugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ajalugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ajalugu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ajalugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ehitus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ehitus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ehitus</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ehitus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Ehitus"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ehitus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Südamik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Südamik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Südamik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Südamik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mälu_kiht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mälu_kiht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mälu kiht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mälu_kiht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mälukihtide_virn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mälukihtide_virn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Mälukihtide virn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mälukihtide_virn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tööpõhimõte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tööpõhimõte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tööpõhimõte</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tööpõhimõte-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Tööpõhimõte"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tööpõhimõte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lugemine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lugemine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lugemine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lugemine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kirjutamine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kirjutamine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kirjutamine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kirjutamine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eelised" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eelised"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eelised</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eelised-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Probleemid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Probleemid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Probleemid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Probleemid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Omadused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omadused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Omadused</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omadused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sisukord" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferriitmälu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 29 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A9" title="ذاكرة مغناطيسية النواة – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذاكرة مغناطيسية النواة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Феритна памет – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Феритна памет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B2ria_de_tors" title="Memòria de tors – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Memòria de tors" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feritov%C3%A1_pam%C4%9B%C5%A5" title="Feritová paměť – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Feritová paměť" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferritkernelager" title="Ferritkernelager – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ferritkernelager" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernspeicher" title="Kernspeicher – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kernspeicher" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic-core_memory" title="Magnetic-core memory – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Magnetic-core memory" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_de_n%C3%BAcleos_magn%C3%A9ticos" title="Memoria de núcleos magnéticos – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Memoria de núcleos magnéticos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleo_magnetikozko_memoria" title="Nukleo magnetikozko memoria – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nukleo magnetikozko memoria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="حافظه با هسته مغناطیسی – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حافظه با هسته مغناطیسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9moire_%C3%A0_tores_magn%C3%A9tiques" title="Mémoire à tores magnétiques – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mémoire à tores magnétiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%EC%BD%94%EC%96%B4_%EB%A9%94%EB%AA%A8%EB%A6%AC" title="자기코어 메모리 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자기코어 메모리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="चुम्बकीय क्रोड स्मृति – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चुम्बकीय क्रोड स्मृति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_a_nucleo_magnetico" title="Memoria a nucleo magnetico – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Memoria a nucleo magnetico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="זיכרון ליבה מגנטית – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זיכרון ליבה מגנטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_nuclearis_magnetica" title="Memoria nuclearis magnetica – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Memoria nuclearis magnetica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferritgy%C5%B1r%C5%B1s_mem%C3%B3ria" title="Ferritgyűrűs memória – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ferritgyűrűs memória" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%B0%97%E3%82%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA" title="磁気コアメモリ – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="磁気コアメモリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetkjerneminne" title="Magnetkjerneminne – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Magnetkjerneminne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_ferrytowa" title="Pamięć ferrytowa – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pamięć ferrytowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B3ria_de_n%C3%BAcleo_magn%C3%A9tico" title="Memória de núcleo magnético – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Memória de núcleo magnético" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorie_cu_ferite" title="Memorie cu ferite – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Memorie cu ferite" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Память на магнитных сердечниках – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Память на магнитных сердечниках" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Магнитнай сердечник – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Магнитнай сердечник" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferriittirengasmuisti" title="Ferriittirengasmuisti – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ferriittirengasmuisti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4rnminne" title="Kärnminne – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kärnminne" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manyetik_%C3%A7ekirdek_bellek" title="Manyetik çekirdek bellek – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Manyetik çekirdek bellek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%85" title="Пам'ять на магнітних осердях – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пам'ять на магнітних осердях" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E8%8A%AF%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="磁芯記憶體 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="磁芯記憶體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q839647#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" 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<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:KL_CoreMemory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/KL_CoreMemory.jpg/220px-KL_CoreMemory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/KL_CoreMemory.jpg/330px-KL_CoreMemory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/KL_CoreMemory.jpg/440px-KL_CoreMemory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>1024 bitti sisaldav 32 × 32 ferriitmälu</figcaption></figure> <div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739652">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%;color:var(--color-base)!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-nowraplinks a{white-space:nowrap}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title{background:transparent!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-nowraplinks" style=";"><tbody><tr> <th class="sidebar-title" style=""><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4lu_(arvuti)" title="Mälu (arvuti)">Arvutimälutüübid</a></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-header" style=";background-color: #ddd">Haihtuvad ehk <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4vim%C3%A4lu" title="Hävimälu">hävimälud</a></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-header" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Muutm%C3%A4lu" title="Muutmälu">Muutmälu</a> (RAM)</th> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-content" style=";"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5492003">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child:before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child:after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li:before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child:before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DRAM" class="mw-redirect" title="DRAM">DRAM</a>, <a href="/wiki/SDRAM" title="SDRAM">SDRAM</a>, <a href="/wiki/DDR2" class="mw-redirect" title="DDR2">DDR2</a>, <a href="/wiki/DDR3" class="mw-redirect" title="DDR3">DDR3</a>, <a href="/wiki/DDR4_SDRAM" title="DDR4 SDRAM">DDR4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRAM" title="SRAM">SRAM</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-header" style=";">Kavandatavad, väljatöötamisel</th> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-content" style=";"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FeRAM" class="mw-redirect" title="FeRAM">FeRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRAM" title="MRAM">MRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SV-MRAM" title="SV-MRAM">SV-MRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faasimuutm%C3%A4lu" title="Faasimuutmälu">PRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRAM" title="NRAM">NRAM</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-header" style=";background-color: #ddd">Mittehaihtuvad ehk <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4ilm%C3%A4lu" title="Säilmälu">säilmälud</a></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-header" style=";"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%BCsim%C3%A4lu" title="Püsimälu">Püsimälu</a> (ROM)</th> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-content" style=";"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PROM" title="PROM">PROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4lkm%C3%A4lu" title="Välkmälu">Välkmälu</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-header" style=";background-color: #ddd">Ajaloolised</th> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-content" style=";"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mullm%C3%A4lu" title="Mullmälu">Mullmälu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trummelm%C3%A4lu" title="Trummelmälu">Trummelmälu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferriitmälu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetlintsalvesti" title="Magnetlintsalvesti">Magnetlintsalvesti</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-navbar" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6347537">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{margin:0;display:inline-block;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:-0.125em;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .navbar li:not(:last-child):after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbar.mini li abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}</style><div class="navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Mall:M%C3%A4lu_t%C3%BC%C3%BCbid" title="Mall:Mälu tüübid"><abbr title="Vaata seda malli">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Eri:EditPage/Mall:M%C3%A4lu_t%C3%BC%C3%BCbid" title="Eri:EditPage/Mall:Mälu tüübid"><abbr title="Redigeeri seda malli">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div> <p><b>Ferriitmälu</b> (ingl. <i>magnetic-core memory</i>) on <a href="/wiki/Muutm%C3%A4lu" title="Muutmälu">suvapöördusega</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4ilm%C3%A4lu" title="Säilmälu">säilmälu</a>, kus info salvestamiseks kasutatakse väikeseid ferriitrõngakesi – südamikke, millest igaüks talletab ühte <a href="/wiki/Bitt" title="Bitt">bitti</a>. Südamik võib olla <a href="/wiki/Magneetumine" title="Magneetumine">magnetiseeritud</a> kas päripäeva või vastupäeva, need olekud määravad talletatud biti väärtuse (traditsiooniliselt 0 ja 1). Südamikest on läbi punutud traadid, mille abil on võimalik lugeda või muuta iga südamiku magneetumissuunda. Ferriitmälu ei vaja info säilitamiseks toidet, kuid lugemise käigus sinna salvestatud info kustub – toimub hävitav lugemine. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ajalugu">Ajalugu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aastal 1947 patenteeris <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_Viehe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic Viehe (pole veel kirjutatud)">Frederic Viehe</a> ferriitmälu, mille ta oli loonud oma kodulaboris. 1956 ostis <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> tema patendi. Viehest sõltumatult leiutasid 1947. aastal ferriitmälu ka Hiina päritolu Ameerika teadlased <a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Wang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Wang (pole veel kirjutatud)">An Wang</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Way-Dong_Woo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Way-Dong Woo (pole veel kirjutatud)">Way-Dong Woo</a> <a href="/wiki/Harvardi_%C3%BClikool" title="Harvardi ülikool">Harvardi ülikoolis</a>. 1950. aastal tegi sama ka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Rajchman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Rajchman (pole veel kirjutatud)">Jan Rajchman</a>. 1951 patenteeris <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Forrester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jay Forrester (pole veel kirjutatud)">Jay Forrester</a> andmesalvestusseadme, mis kasutas kolmemõõtmelisse struktuuri paigutatud südamikke. See oli esimene digitaalarvutis kasutatud ferriitmälu.<sup id="cite_ref-hZtIu_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hZtIu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MemoryMuseum_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MemoryMuseum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EdwinD_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdwinD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Esimene ferriitmälu kasutav arvuti oli 1951. aastal <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>-is valminud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Whirlwind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whirlwind (pole veel kirjutatud)">Whirlwind</a>, mis oli ühtlasi esimene reaalajas töötav arvuti. Algselt kasutati selles <a href="/wiki/Elektronkiiretoru" title="Elektronkiiretoru">elektronkiiretorudel</a> põhinevat mälu, mis oli aga aeglane ja ebausaldusväärne. Seepärast püüdis Jay Forrester leida kiiremat ja stabiilsemat alternatiivi, mille ta 1951. aastal ferriitmälu näol leidis. 1953. aastal asendati Whirlwindi kogu mälu ferriitmäluga.<sup id="cite_ref-MemoryMuseum_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MemoryMuseum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferriitmälul olid elektronkiiretorude ees mitmed eelised. See oli töökindlam ning seeläbi vähenes Whirlwind arvutis hoolduseks kuluv aeg märgatavalt. Samuti oli ferriitmälu pöördusaeg lühem (ferriitmälul ~9 ms, elektronkiiretoru ~25 ms), mis suurendas arvuti kiirust.<sup id="cite_ref-QYVik_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QYVik-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ferriitmälu kasutati digitaalarvutites 1950. aastate keskpaigast kuni 1970. aastate keskpaigani.<sup id="cite_ref-3Ek3f_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3Ek3f-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1970. aastatel tõrjus odavnenud pooljuhttehnoloogia ferriitmälu välja, kuid selle kasutamist jätkati siiski arvutites, kus töökindlus oli esmatähtis. Näiteks kasutati ferriitmälu <a href="/wiki/Apollo_navigatsiooniarvuti" title="Apollo navigatsiooniarvuti">Apollo navigatsiooniarvutis</a> ning ka <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle'i</a> juhtarvutites.<sup id="cite_ref-f3gLl_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f3gLl-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ehitus">Ehitus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Ehitus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Ehitus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Südamik"><span id="S.C3.BCdamik"></span>Südamik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Südamik"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Südamik" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Südamikuks nimetatakse ferriidist rõngast, mida on võimalik püsivalt magnetiseerida kahes eri suunas: päri- ja vastupäeva. Nende seisundite seadmine vastavusse väärtustega 0 ja 1 võimaldab rõngasse salvestada ühe biti infot, mis säilib seal ka elektrivoolu puudumisel.<sup id="cite_ref-BenNorth_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BenNorth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Südamiku materjal peab olema suure <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4%C3%A4kmagneetumus" title="Jääkmagneetumus">jääkmagneetumusega</a>, et magneetumus oleks pärast kirjutamist võimalikult suur. Samas peab materjal olema kergesti ümber magneeditav (väikese <a href="/wiki/Koertsiivsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Koertsiivsus">koertsiivsusega</a>), et ümbermagneetimisele kuluks vähe energiat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mälu_kiht"><span id="M.C3.A4lu_kiht"></span>Mälu kiht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Mälu kiht"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Mälu kiht" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferriitmälu koosneb tavaliselt kihtidest, kus adresseerimiseks mõeldud X- ja Y-liinid moodustavad kahemõõtmelise võrgustiku, mille ristumispunktides asuvad südamikud. Ühe lugemise/kirjutamise tsükli jooksul on kihis võimalik adresseerida vaid ühte bitti. Lisaks läbib kõiki kihi südamikke diagonaalne tagasisidetraat, mida kasutatakse südamiku magnetvälja muutumisest tekkinud pingeimpulsi lugemiseks. See traat on aadressiliinidega 45-kraadise nurga all ning ületab neid kord ühte, kord teistpidi, et vähendada <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetiline_induktsioon" title="Elektromagnetiline induktsioon">elektromagnetilise induktsiooni</a> mõju lugemile.<sup id="cite_ref-BrentHilpert_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrentHilpert-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mälukihtide_virn"><span id="M.C3.A4lukihtide_virn"></span>Mälukihtide virn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Mälukihtide virn"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Mälukihtide virn" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Korraga mällu rohkem kui ühe biti kirjutamiseks on võimalik mälukihid üksteise peale virna laduda ning kirjutada neisse paralleelselt. Ühe <a href="/wiki/Bait" title="Bait">baidi</a> kirjutamiseks tuleb kasutada kaheksakihilist mälu.<sup id="cite_ref-BrentHilpert_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrentHilpert-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tööpõhimõte"><span id="T.C3.B6.C3.B6p.C3.B5him.C3.B5te"></span>Tööpõhimõte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Tööpõhimõte"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Tööpõhimõte" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lugemine">Lugemine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Lugemine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Lugemine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ringkernspeicher_hysteresekurven.agr.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ringkernspeicher_hysteresekurven.agr.png/220px-Ringkernspeicher_hysteresekurven.agr.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ringkernspeicher_hysteresekurven.agr.png/330px-Ringkernspeicher_hysteresekurven.agr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ringkernspeicher_hysteresekurven.agr.png/440px-Ringkernspeicher_hysteresekurven.agr.png 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>Südamiku <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCsterees" title="Hüsterees">hüstereesisilmus</a> ning sellel liikumine lugemisoperatsiooni käigus. Olenevalt südamiku algsest magneetumissuunast, lugemise käigus tekib või ei teki vooluimpulssi tagasiside traadil</figcaption></figure> <p>Südamikul asuva info lugemiseks püütakse see seada asendisse 0. </p> <ul><li>Kui loetav südamik oli juba asendis 0, siis südamiku magneetumissuund ei muutu;</li> <li>kui loetav südamik oli asendis 1, siis südamiku magneetumissuund pöördub ja põhjustab sellega tagasisidetraadil pingeimpulsi.</li></ul> <p>Kuna lugemise käigus südamikel olev info kustub, tuleb selle säilimiseks loetud info uuesti tagasi kirjutada. Selle eest hoolitseb arvuti mälu haldav elektroonika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kirjutamine">Kirjutamine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjutamine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjutamine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Südamikule kirjutamiseks (selle magneetumise suuna seadmiseks) tuleb südamikust juhtida läbi piisavalt suur vool. Seda tehakse X- ja Y-aadressiliinidega. Kummastki liinist juhitakse läbi vool, mis üksi ei ole südamiku ümbermagneetimiseks piisav, kuid mille summa on selleks piisav. Seeläbi muudab magneetumise suunda ainult see südamik, mida läbivad mõlemad liinid. Mõlemad voolud peavad sisenema südamikku samalt poolt, muidu need tühistavad teineteist ja kirjutamist ei toimu. Vastavalt sellele, kas mõlemad voolud sisenesid südamikku paremalt või vasakult, on südamik nüüd magneeditud päri- või vastupäeva. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eelised">Eelised</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Eelised"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Eelised" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ferriitmälus püsib info ilma vooluta lõpmatult kaua;</li> <li>Ferriitmälu oli oma aja alternatiividega võrreldes väga stabiilne ja töökindel mälu tüüp;</li> <li>Ferriitmälu ei mõjuta <a href="/wiki/Ioniseeriv_kiirgus" title="Ioniseeriv kiirgus">ioniseeriv kiirgus</a>.</li></ul> <p>Nende omaduste tõttu oli ferriitmälu väga sobilik kasutamiseks kosmoses ja sõjanduses.<sup id="cite_ref-RedOrbit_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RedOrbit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Probleemid">Probleemid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Probleemid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Probleemid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Südamiku hüstereesisilmus sõltub temperatuurist, mistõttu tuleb eri temperatuuridel kasutada kirjutamiseks ja lugemiseks erinevat voolutugevust. Kasutamise käigus aga südamikud soojenevad. Probleem tõuseb esile eriti siis, kui ühte südamikku adresseeritakse mitu korda lühikese aja jooksul.<sup id="cite_ref-KknVL_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KknVL-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Üheks lahenduseks on <a href="/wiki/Termistor" title="Termistor">termistoride</a> kasutamine, mille abil mõõdetakse südamike temperatuuri ja korrigeeritakse vastavalt voolutugevusi. Teine lahendus on kogu mälu hoidmine püsival temperatuuril. Selleks soojendatakse mälu ruumi temperatuurist kõrgemale ja hoitakse stabiilsena, näiteks õlivanni abil. Ferriitmälu kasutamisel on tähtis vaid temperatuuri püsivus. Püsiva temperatuuri hoidmine soojendamise teel on palju lihtsam kui jahutamise teel.<sup id="cite_ref-RedOrbit_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RedOrbit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ferriitmälude valmistamine oli keerukas ja tolleaegsete masinatega võimatu, mistõttu valmistati neid käsitsi. Töölised kasutasid peenikeste traatide läbi südamike viimiseks stereomikroskoope.<sup id="cite_ref-EdwinD_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdwinD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Omadused">Omadused</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Omadused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&action=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Omadused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1950. aastate alguses olid südamikud ~2 mm suurused, kuid 1970. aastate lõpuks oli need vähenenud suuruseni ~0,4 mm. Sama aja jooksul tõusis taktsagedus 200 kHz-st üle 1 MHz-ni,<sup id="cite_ref-BenNorth_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BenNorth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mälu maht aga paisus kuni 2 miljoni südamikuni.<sup id="cite_ref-BrentHilpert_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrentHilpert-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferriitm%C3%A4lu&action=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hZtIu-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hZtIu_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jay W. Forrester, "Digital Information In Three Dimensions Using Magnetic Cores", <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i> 22, 1951</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MemoryMuseum-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MemoryMuseum_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MemoryMuseum_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/memory-storage/8/253">"Magnetic Core Memory"</a> (inglise)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 8. detsember 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magnetic+Core+Memory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhistory.org%2Frevolution%2Fmemory-storage%2F8%2F253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AFerriitm%C3%A4lu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EdwinD-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EdwinD_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EdwinD_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology Edwin D. Reilly</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QYVik-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-QYVik_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/CyberMuseum_contents/TCMR-1983_Winter_A_Companion_to_the_Computer_Pioneer_Timeline.pdf">"The computer museum report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> (inglise). Massachusetts: One Iron Way. 1983<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 8. detsember 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+computer+museum+report&rft.place=Massachusetts&rft.pub=One+Iron+Way&rft.date=1983&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fum%2Fpeople%2Fgbell%2FCyberMuseum_contents%2FTCMR-1983_Winter_A_Companion_to_the_Computer_Pioneer_Timeline.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AFerriitm%C3%A4lu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3Ek3f-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3Ek3f_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/March/4/">http://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/March/4/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f3gLl-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-f3gLl_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528174214/http://web.mit.edu/6.933/www/core.html">"Arhiivikoopia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/6.933/www/core.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 28. mai 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 6. detsembril 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arhiivikoopia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2F6.933%2Fwww%2Fcore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AFerriitm%C3%A4lu" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Mall:Netiviide" title="Mall:Netiviide">netiviide</a>}}</code>: CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana (<a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_arhiivikoopia_kasutusel_pealkirjana" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BenNorth-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BenNorth_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BenNorth_7-1">7,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFBen_North,_Oliver_Nash2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ben North, Oliver Nash (9. mai 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corememoryshield.com/report.pdf">"Magnetic core memory reborn"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> (inglise)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 8. detsember 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magnetic+core+memory+reborn&rft.date=2011-05-09&rft.au=Ben+North%2C+Oliver+Nash&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corememoryshield.com%2Freport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AFerriitm%C3%A4lu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrentHilpert-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BrentHilpert_8-0">8,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BrentHilpert_8-1">8,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BrentHilpert_8-2">8,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFBrent_Hilpert" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brent Hilpert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111118002956/http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~hilpert/e/coremem/index.html">"Magnetic Core Memory Systems"</a> (inglise). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~hilpert/e/coremem/index.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 18. november 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 8. detsember 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magnetic+Core+Memory+Systems&rft.au=Brent+Hilpert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.ubc.ca%2F~hilpert%2Fe%2Fcoremem%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AFerriitm%C3%A4lu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RedOrbit-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RedOrbit_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RedOrbit_9-1">9,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212213403/http://www.redorbit.com/education/reference_library/technology_1/computer-tech/2583350/core_memory/">"Core Memory"</a> (inglise). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redorbit.com/education/reference_library/technology_1/computer-tech/2583350/core_memory/">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 12. detsember 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 8. detsember 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Core+Memory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redorbit.com%2Feducation%2Freference_library%2Ftechnology_1%2Fcomputer-tech%2F2583350%2Fcore_memory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AFerriitm%C3%A4lu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KknVL-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KknVL_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Microprocessors & Computer Architecture|A.P.Godse, D.A.Godse|lk 58</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferriitmälu&oldid=6511049">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferriitmälu&oldid=6511049</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Arvuti_m%C3%A4lu" title="Kategooria:Arvuti mälu">Arvuti mälu</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooriad: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_allikad_inglise_keeles_(en)" title="Kategooria:CS1 allikad inglise keeles (en)">CS1 allikad inglise keeles (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_arhiivikoopia_kasutusel_pealkirjana" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana">CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 19:55, 28. oktoober 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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