Study on critical velocity in tunnels with ceiling beams

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>Study on critical velocity in tunnels with ceiling beams</title> <meta name="keywords" content="heat release rate, tunnel fire, critical velocity, blocking ratio, ceiling beams" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,Chrome=1" /> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Study on critical velocity in tunnels with ceiling beams" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/JIC.2024.9180009" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SciOpen" /> <meta property="og:description" content="<p>Ceiling beams at the top of tunnels are more common in actual projects. Under the influence of thermal buoyancy, the ceiling structure significantly affects the diffusion characteristics of fire smoke within the tunnel. This study investigated the influence of ceiling structural characteristics (beam height (<i>h</i><sub>B</sub>) and beam spacing (<i>d</i><sub>B</sub>)) on tunnel longitudinal ventilation through numerical simulation. The results show that the spacing between tunnel ceiling beams has negligible impact on the critical velocity (<i>V</i>), and the determination of the critical velocity is primarily correlated with the height of the ceiling beams. Moreover, it established a dimensionless critical velocity (<i>V</i><sub>c</sub>) model for the tunnels with multiple beams in the ceiling, and this model is suitable for predicting the critical longitudinal velocity of tunnels with ceiling beams whose dimensionless beam height is less than 0.25. When the dimensionless beam height exceeds 0.25, the predictive values of this model are excessively high. This study broadens the application scope of fire smoke control models, which can offer technical support for the design of smoke prevention and exhaust systems in tunnels with similar structures.</p>" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.26599/JIC.2024.9180009" /> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="10.26599/JIC.2024.9180009" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Intelligent Construction" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Study on critical velocity in tunnels with ceiling beams" /> <meta content="critical velocity" name="citation_keywords" /><meta content="heat release rate" name="citation_keywords" /><meta content="blocking ratio" name="citation_keywords" /><meta content="tunnel fire" name="citation_keywords" /><meta content="ceiling beams" name="citation_keywords" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="2" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="2" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/6/1" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/2/22" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2958-3861" /> <meta name="citation_language" content="en" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Xiangliang Tian" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Key Laboratory of Non-Coal Mine Safety Risk Monitoring and Early Warning National Mine Safety Administration,Beijing,CHINA. China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijing,CHINA. " /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Linchuan Xiang" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,Beijing,CHINA. China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing,CHINA. " /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Shigen Fu" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Key Laboratory of Non-Coal Mine Safety Risk Monitoring and Early Warning National Mine Safety Administration,Beijing,CHINA. China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijing,CHINA. " /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Yangyang Meng" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,CHINA. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,CHINA. " /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Huihang Cheng" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Institute of Public Safety Research,CHINA. Department of Engineering Physics,CHINA. Tsinghua University, 100084,CHINA. " /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/JIC.2024.9180009" /> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/JIC.2024.9180009" /> <meta name="citation_date" content="2024/06/01" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://sciopen.com/article_pdf/1754401755161645058.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="清华大学出版社" /> <meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content="" /> <meta name="Description" content="<p>Ceiling beams at the top of tunnels are more common in actual projects. Under the influence of thermal buoyancy, the ceiling structure significantly affects the diffusion characteristics of fire smoke within the tunnel. This study investigated the influence of ceiling structural characteristics (beam height (<i>h</i><sub>B</sub>) and beam spacing (<i>d</i><sub>B</sub>)) on tunnel longitudinal ventilation through numerical simulation. The results show that the spacing between tunnel ceiling beams has negligible impact on the critical velocity (<i>V</i>), and the determination of the critical velocity is primarily correlated with the height of the ceiling beams. Moreover, it established a dimensionless critical velocity (<i>V</i><sub>c</sub>) model for the tunnels with multiple beams in the ceiling, and this model is suitable for predicting the critical longitudinal velocity of tunnels with ceiling beams whose dimensionless beam height is less than 0.25. When the dimensionless beam height exceeds 0.25, the predictive values of this model are excessively high. This study broadens the application scope of fire smoke control models, which can offer technical support for the design of smoke prevention and exhaust systems in tunnels with similar structures.</p>" /> <meta name="article_references" content="Tian X, Xiang L, Fu S, et al. . 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/> </svg> <span>Cite</span> <div class="download-boxs"> <a href="/article/download_ris?tag=2&id=1754401755161645058" target="_blank" class="item-box"> EndNote(RIS) </a> <a href="/article/download_ris?tag=3&id=1754401755161645058" target="_blank" class="item-box"> BibTeX </a> </div> </div>  <div class="v4-art-top-item" id="collection_not_1754401755161645058" onclick="openCheck("1754401755161645058")"> <svg class="vt-art-top-item-img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 200 200"> <image id="图层_1" data-name="图层 1" x="18" y="18" width="164" height="164" 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class="v4-outline-tables" v-if="tableMenuList.length>5"> <template slot="title" v-if="tableMenuList.length>5"> <span class="v4-show-hide-icon is-not-active" v-if="tableMenuList.length > 5">Show {{tableMenuList.length - 5}} more tables</span> <span class="v4-show-hide-icon is-active" v-if="tableMenuList.length > 5">Hide {{tableMenuList.length - 5}} tables</span> </template> <div class="v4-outline-table-item" v-for="(item, index) in tableMenuList" v-if="index > 4" @click="turnCurrentNode('content_' + item['key'])" v-html="item['label']"></div> </el-collapse-item> </el-collapse> </div> </div> <div class="v4-art-main-center"> <div class="art-html-center"> <div class="art-html-top"> <div class="v4-art-info">  <span>Research Article</span> <span style="font-family: auto" >|</span >   <span class="v4-art-info-oa">Open Access </span>  </div>  <h1 class="v4-ahc-title">Study on critical velocity in tunnels with ceiling beams</h1>  <div> <span class="art-authors" ><span><a href='/scholar/info?id=1754401756398964738'>Xiangliang Tian</a></span><sup><sup>a</sup></sup ><span class="art-authors-email" style="padding-left: 3px" >(<a onclick="send_email("1754401756398964738","1754401755161645058")"> <el-tooltip popper-class="v4-el-tooltip" effect="dark" content="xiangliangtian@foxmail.com" placement="top-start"> <img src="/assets/img/article/article-email.svg" style="width: 20px" /> </el-tooltip> </a >)</span ><span>, </span></span ><span class="art-authors" ><span>Linchuan Xiang</span><sup><sup>b</sup></sup ><span>, </span></span ><span class="art-authors" ><span>Shigen Fu</span><sup><sup>a</sup></sup ><span>, </span></span ><span class="art-authors" ><span>Yangyang Meng</span><sup><sup>c</sup></sup ><span>, </span></span ><span class="art-authors" ><span>Huihang Cheng</span><sup><sup>d</sup></sup ></span > </div> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="art-authors-unit art-authors-unit2"> <div class="art-authors-unit-inner art-authors-unit-inner2"> <div class="art-authors-unit-item"><label>a</label>Key Laboratory of Non-Coal Mine Safety Risk Monitoring and Early Warning National Mine Safety Administration, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China</div> <div class="art-authors-unit-item"><label>b</label>School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China</div> <div class="art-authors-unit-item"><label>c</label>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China</div> <div class="art-authors-unit-item"><label>d</label>Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China</div> </div> </div> <div> <span class="art-authors art-authors-more art-authors-more2" onclick="showAuthUnit(3)"> Show Author Information <i class="el-icon-caret-bottom"></i> </span> <span class="art-authors art-authors-less art-authors-less2" style="display: none" onclick="showAuthUnit(4)"> Hide Author Information <i class="el-icon-caret-top"></i> </span> </div>  <div style="border-top: 1px solid #eef; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 8px" ></div>  <div class="v4-art-content-p"> <h2></h2> </div>   <div class="v4-art-content-p v4-art-abstract" id="title_-2"> <h2>Abstract</h2> <div><p>Ceiling beams at the top of tunnels are more common in actual projects. Under the influence of thermal buoyancy, the ceiling structure significantly affects the diffusion characteristics of fire smoke within the tunnel. This study investigated the influence of ceiling structural characteristics (beam height (<i>h</i><sub>B</sub>) and beam spacing (<i>d</i><sub>B</sub>)) on tunnel longitudinal ventilation through numerical simulation. The results show that the spacing between tunnel ceiling beams has negligible impact on the critical velocity (<i>V</i>), and the determination of the critical velocity is primarily correlated with the height of the ceiling beams. Moreover, it established a dimensionless critical velocity (<i>V</i><sub>c</sub>) model for the tunnels with multiple beams in the ceiling, and this model is suitable for predicting the critical longitudinal velocity of tunnels with ceiling beams whose dimensionless beam height is less than 0.25. When the dimensionless beam height exceeds 0.25, the predictive values of this model are excessively high. This study broadens the application scope of fire smoke control models, which can offer technical support for the design of smoke prevention and exhaust systems in tunnels with similar structures.</p></div> </div>  <div class="v4-art-content-p" id="title_-3"> <h2>Keywords</h2> <div class="v4-art-keyword"> <a class="v4-art-keyword-item" onclick="jumpKeyword("critical velocity")" >critical velocity</a ><a class="v4-art-keyword-item" onclick="jumpKeyword("heat release rate")" >heat release rate</a ><a class="v4-art-keyword-item" onclick="jumpKeyword("blocking ratio")" >blocking ratio</a ><a class="v4-art-keyword-item" onclick="jumpKeyword("tunnel fire")" >tunnel fire</a ><a class="v4-art-keyword-item" onclick="jumpKeyword("ceiling beams")" >ceiling beams</a > </div> </div>   <div id="title_-4" class="v4-art-content-p" style="display: none"></div> <div style="border-top: 1px solid #eef; margin-top: 20px"> <div id="article_no_data" style="padding-top: 30px; display: none"> <p>No abstract is available for this article. Click the button above to view the PDF directly.</p> </div>   <div id="insert_content"> <div id="insert_content_one"></div>  <div id="insert_content_two"></div>  <div class="v4-art-content-p" id="title_-12"> <h2>References</h2> <div id="article_references" style="overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden"> <div class="v4-art-reference-item">  <div id="r_b1" class="v4-art-reference-item-index" onclick="findReferencesInContentById(this)" >[1]</div>    <div class="v4-art-reference-item-title"> <span><p>Y. T. Lee, L. Y. Tseng, C. H. Su, et al. 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var esmSize = 0; var articleId = "1754401755161645058"; var article = {"id":"1754401755161645058","title":"Study on critical velocity in tunnels with ceiling beams","doi":"10.26599\/JIC.2024.9180009","type":"2","journalId":"1605098369766313986","isOa":1,"clickNum":2091,"downloadNum":1133,"collectionNum":null,"cscdNum":0,"quoteNum":0,"articleNo":"JIC-2023-0036","cover":null,"receivedTime":"2023-11-20T00:00:01.000+08:00","strReceivedTime":"20 November 2023","acceptedTime":"2023-12-22T00:00:01.000+08:00","strAcceptedTime":"22 December 2023","erratumId":null,"issueInfo":null,"issueInfoUrl":"<a href='\/journal\/join_journal\/archive?journalId=1605098369766313986\u0026volume=2024\u0026issn2958-3861'>2024, 2<\/a>(<a href='\/journal\/join_journal\/stage_page?stage=5\u0026id=1605098369766313986\u0026issueIndex=1796080970938032130\u0026issn2958-3861'>2<\/a>): 9180009","stageNum":5,"strType":"Research Article","strStage":"Issue","pubTime":"2024-02-22T00:00:00.000+08:00","pubYear":2024,"strPubTime":"22 February 2024","citationDate":"2024\/06\/01","erratum":null,"abstraction":"<p>Ceiling beams at the top of tunnels are more common in actual projects. Under the influence of thermal buoyancy, the ceiling structure significantly affects the diffusion characteristics of fire smoke within the tunnel. This study investigated the influence of ceiling structural characteristics (beam height (<i>h<\/i><sub>B<\/sub>) and beam spacing (<i>d<\/i><sub>B<\/sub>)) on tunnel longitudinal ventilation through numerical simulation. The results show that the spacing between tunnel ceiling beams has negligible impact on the critical velocity (<i>V<\/i>), and the determination of the critical velocity is primarily correlated with the height of the ceiling beams. Moreover, it established a dimensionless critical velocity (<i>V<\/i><sub>c<\/sub>) model for the tunnels with multiple beams in the ceiling, and this model is suitable for predicting the critical longitudinal velocity of tunnels with ceiling beams whose dimensionless beam height is less than 0.25. When the dimensionless beam height exceeds 0.25, the predictive values of this model are excessively high. This study broadens the application scope of fire smoke control models, which can offer technical support for the design of smoke prevention and exhaust systems in tunnels with similar structures.<\/p>","abstractImage":null,"abstractToc":null,"acknowledgement":"<p>This work was supported by the National Key R\u0026D Program of China (No. 2021YFC3001300) and the Central Fundamental Research Funds of CASST (No. 2023JBKY15).<\/p>","copyright":"\u00A9 The Author(s) 2024. 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1</label></p>", // "htmlWithNoLabel": "<img src=\"zip-unzip/zip-7f9b22ae-5865-4143-a681-f77a8724f8dd/iEng-2023-s-0024/files/iEng-2023-s-0024-1.jpg\" />", // "parentHtml": "<fig id=\"Figure1\">\n <img 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generators were installed on sloping buildings such as houses to achieve large-scale raindrop energy harvesting easily. Reprinted with permission from <i>iEnergy</i>, 2(2): 93–99, 2023 © 2023 The Author(s)</p>\n</fig>", // "contentHtml": "<img id=\"image-iEng-2023-s-0024-1\" onclick=\"showImage(event,this)\" 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1</label></p>", // "htmlWithNoLabel": "<img src=\"zip-unzip/zip-7f9b22ae-5865-4143-a681-f77a8724f8dd/iEng-2023-s-0024/files/iEng-2023-s-0024-1.jpg\" />", // "parentHtml": "<fig id=\"Figure1\">\n <img 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generators were installed on sloping buildings such as houses to achieve large-scale raindrop energy harvesting easily. Reprinted with permission from <i>iEnergy</i>, 2(2): 93–99, 2023 © 2023 The Author(s)</p>\n</fig>", // "contentHtml": "<img id=\"image-iEng-2023-s-0024-1\" onclick=\"showImage(event,this)\" src=\"https://wqketang.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zip-unzip/zip-7f9b22ae-5865-4143-a681-f77a8724f8dd/iEng-2023-s-0024/files/iEng-2023-s-0024-1.jpg?Expires=1719580654&OSSAccessKeyId=STS.NUbZf2DD6Ue3FqTmGvgkvUbF1&Signature=%2BhRmDGIUtD9EkRxdDzgF%2FWU9dDE%3D&x-oss-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_fixed%2Cw_600&security-token=CAISywJ1q6Ft5B2yfSjIr5bXEdyGqZsX4qfYRFfliUcja%2BRauqft0zz2IHtKenhsBOsbtfk1mG5W5%2FgZlqJ9SptIAEfJa9d99Mz%2Bf8BIjdCT1fau5Jko1beHewHKeTOZsebWZ%2BLmNqC%2FHt6md1HDkAJq3LL%2Bbk%2FMdle5MJqP%2B%2FUFB5ZtKWveVzddA8pMLQZPsdITMWCrVcygKRn3mGHdfiEK00he8TouufTinpHMskGA1Aell7Mvyt6vcsT%2BXa5FJ4xiVtq55utye5fa3TRYgxowr%2Fwo0v0YpGya5YzHXwcPskvdKZbo78UqLQlla6w%2BGqFJqvPxr%2Fp8t%2Fx5fWJKAezhVgs8cVM8JOjIqKOscIsiZmYk4pM4wgzSyCaJL7f%2FhREKa7znWGyxgyLY25K9yOXNh%2FA7x25WFZknm%2BbJoNLmr0pOOvEupyi0697UTzDnGoABihsmGXKWpSd6XDZIstjWbPKKorqYDJSMThEt%2F%2F9EPJXR4F4eCQ9BJV3gUyzfY08MnHKQ4H7mG8WnZ8%2FjZiwrfF7NSWXWD8SUf46hbaSsKbigUEcuiHoLO8%2BpSp%2BiEOlDNxxej3LE4vOpbeaqnNSNZFXt3nMTNC1HaeHqNJS7lYcgAA%3D%3D\">", // "name": "graphic" // } // ], // "imgKeyList": [ // "image-iEng-2023-s-0024-1" // ], // "tabKeyList": [], // "tables": [], // "fullTextUrl": "https://wqketang.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/other/journal_prod/2024-06-28/3098b740-7b52-44b7-88a9-92fedc8988db.gif?Expires=1719560854&OSSAccessKeyId=STS.NUbZf2DD6Ue3FqTmGvgkvUbF1&Signature=1K7ZtLBP2mEeczlPMrOHw4aoGus%3D&security-token=CAISywJ1q6Ft5B2yfSjIr5bXEdyGqZsX4qfYRFfliUcja%2BRauqft0zz2IHtKenhsBOsbtfk1mG5W5%2FgZlqJ9SptIAEfJa9d99Mz%2Bf8BIjdCT1fau5Jko1beHewHKeTOZsebWZ%2BLmNqC%2FHt6md1HDkAJq3LL%2Bbk%2FMdle5MJqP%2B%2FUFB5ZtKWveVzddA8pMLQZPsdITMWCrVcygKRn3mGHdfiEK00he8TouufTinpHMskGA1Aell7Mvyt6vcsT%2BXa5FJ4xiVtq55utye5fa3TRYgxowr%2Fwo0v0YpGya5YzHXwcPskvdKZbo78UqLQlla6w%2BGqFJqvPxr%2Fp8t%2Fx5fWJKAezhVgs8cVM8JOjIqKOscIsiZmYk4pM4wgzSyCaJL7f%2FhREKa7znWGyxgyLY25K9yOXNh%2FA7x25WFZknm%2BbJoNLmr0pOOvEupyi0697UTzDnGoABihsmGXKWpSd6XDZIstjWbPKKorqYDJSMThEt%2F%2F9EPJXR4F4eCQ9BJV3gUyzfY08MnHKQ4H7mG8WnZ8%2FjZiwrfF7NSWXWD8SUf46hbaSsKbigUEcuiHoLO8%2BpSp%2BiEOlDNxxej3LE4vOpbeaqnNSNZFXt3nMTNC1HaeHqNJS7lYcgAA%3D%3D", // "glossary": [], // "notes": [], // "fundingStatements": [], // "app": [], // "fn": [], // "bio": [] // }; if (fullTextInfo['glossary']['length'] > 0) { for (var gl = 0; gl < fullTextInfo['glossary']['length']; gl++) { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-4_' + gl, label: fullTextInfo['glossary'][gl]['title'] }); } } // 正文 if (fullTextInfo['trees'].length > 0) { fullTextInfo['trees'].forEach(item => { if (item.key !== 'esm1') { var nodeC = { id: 'content_' + item.key, label: item.title, children: [] }; if (item.children && item.children.length > 0) { allOutlineShow = true; item.children.forEach(child => { if (child.key !== 'esm1') { var nodeS = { id: 'content_' + child.key, label: child.title, children: [] }; if (child.children && child.children.length > 0) { child.children.forEach(son => { if (son.key !== 'esm1') { nodeS.children.push({ id: 'content_' + son.key, label: son.title, children: [] }); } }); } nodeC.children.push(nodeS); } }); } treeDataO.push(nodeC); } }); } // app 附录 if (fullTextInfo['app']['length'] > 0) { for (var ap = 0; ap < fullTextInfo['app']['length']; ap++) { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-5_' + ap, label: fullTextInfo['app'][ap]['title'] }); } } // fn 脚注 if (fullTextInfo['fn']['length'] > 0) { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-6', label: 'Annotation' }); } // esm if (article.strType !== 'Issue Information') { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-11', label: 'Electronic Supplementary Material' }); } // ack 致谢 if (article['acknowledgement']) { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-7', label: 'Acknowledgements' }); } // funding-statement 基金 if (fullTextInfo['fundingStatements']['length'] > 0) { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-8', label: 'Funding' }); } // notes [ 伦理声明,知情同意书, 利益声明,作者声明,数据声明] if (fullTextInfo['notes']['length'] > 0) { for (var no = 0; no < fullTextInfo['notes'].length; no++) { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-10_' + no, label: fullTextInfo['notes'][no]['title'] }); } } // 参考文献 if (referenceList && referenceList['length'] > 0) { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-12', label: 'References' }); } // bio 作者简介 if (fullTextInfo['bio']['length'] > 0) { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-13', label: 'Author biography' }); } // 大纲hover时显示title var reg = /<\/?.+?\/?>/g; treeDataO.forEach(item => { item.labelWord = item['label'].replace(reg, ''); if (item.children && item.children.length > 0) { item.children.forEach(child => { child.labelWord = child.label.replace(reg, ''); if (child.children && child.children.length > 0) { child.children.forEach(son => { son.labelWord = son.label.replace(reg, ''); }); } }); } }); articleApp.treeData = treeDataO; articleApp.imgMenuList = fullTextInfo['figImages']; articleApp.tableMenuList = fullTextInfo['tabKeyList']; //所有fig图片/大纲信息 imgKeyListInfo = fullTextInfo['imgKeyList']; // 正文所有的图片 imgListInfo = fullTextInfo['images']; // 可以点击看大图的图片 imgShowListInfo = []; if (imgListInfo.length > 0) { imgListInfo.forEach(item => { if (item['parentHtml'].indexOf('class="inline-graphic"') < 0) { imgShowListInfo.push(item); } }); // 缩略图大图查看 var imageBigHtml = ''; if (imgShowListInfo.length > 0) { for (var m = 0; m < imgShowListInfo.length; m++) { imageBigHtml = imageBigHtml + '<li>' + '<div>' + imgShowListInfo[m]['parentHtml'] + '</div>' + '</li>'; } } $('#content_img').html(imageBigHtml); } //表格大纲信息 tableListInfo = fullTextInfo['tables']; if (tableListInfo.length > 0) { // 表格查看大图 var tableBig1Html = ''; var tableBig2Html = ''; if (tableListInfo.length > 0) { for (var n = 0; n < tableListInfo.length; n++) { tableBig1Html = '<div class="swiper-slide" style="background-color: #fff">' + '<div class="ahc-content" style="max-height: 100%; width: 100%; padding: 20px; overflow: auto">' + tableListInfo[n]['parentHtml'] + '</div>' + '</div>'; tableBig2Html = '<div class="swiper-slide table-big-view" style="cursor: pointer">' + tableListInfo[n]['html'] + '</div>'; $('#insert_table_big_1').append(tableBig1Html); $('#insert_table_big_2').append(tableBig2Html); } } } // 正文信息 $.ajax({ url: fullTextInfo['fullTextUrl'], // url: 'http://localhost:8733/assets/fig-test.gif', type: 'get', success: function(data) { fullTextInfo['contentList'] = JSON.parse(data); // glossary if (fullTextInfo['glossary']['length'] > 0) { $('#title_-4').css('display', 'block'); var dom = ''; for (var g = 0; g < fullTextInfo['glossary']['length']; g++) { dom = dom + '<div class="v4-art-content-p">' + '<div class="glossary-item" id="title_-4_' + g + '">' + '<h2>' + fullTextInfo['glossary'][g]['title'] + '</h2>' + '<div>' + fullTextInfo['glossary'][g]['content'] + '</div>' + '</div>' + '</div>'; } dom = dom + '<div style="clear: both;"></div>'; $('#title_-4').html(dom); } // 正文 var contentHtml = ''; var contentHtml2 = ''; esmTextInfo = ''; esmTextTitle = ''; if (fullTextInfo['contentList'] && fullTextInfo['contentList']['length'] > 0) { for (var s = 0; s < fullTextInfo['contentList'].length; s++) { // 处理图片 for (var i = 0; i < imgListInfo['length']; i++) { const mergImg = new RegExp(`<img[^>]*id="${imgListInfo[i]['key']}"[^>]*>`, 'i'); if (imgListInfo[i]['contentHtml'].indexOf('class="inline-graphic"') < 0) { // 是否是fig图片 var ifFig = false; for (var ii = 0; ii < imgKeyListInfo.length; ii++) { if (imgListInfo[i]['contentHtml'].indexOf(imgKeyListInfo[ii]) > 0) { ifFig = true; } } if (ifFig) { fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['content'] = fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['content'].replace(mergImg, imgListInfo[i]['contentHtml'] + '<div class="v4-art-image">\n' + ' <span onclick="showImageBtn(event, \'' + imgListInfo[i]['key'] + '\')">View original image</span>\n' + ' <span onclick="downloadImageBtn(event, \'' + imgListInfo[i]['key'] + '\')">Download original image</span>\n' + ' </div>'); } else { fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['content'] = fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['content'].replace(mergImg, imgListInfo[i]['contentHtml']); } } else { fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['content'] = fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['content'].replace(mergImg, imgListInfo[i]['contentHtml']); } } // 处理正文的脚注内容，实现定位 const xrefFn = new RegExp(`ref-type="fn"`, 'gi'); fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['content'] = fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['content'].replace(xrefFn, 'ref-type="fn" onclick="findFnById(event)"'); // 正文内出现esm说明文字内容 if (fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['key'] === 'esm1') { esmTextInfo = fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['content']; esmTextTitle = fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['title']; } else { contentHtml = contentHtml + '<div class="v4-art-content-p" id="' + fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['key'] + '">' + '<h2 >' + fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['title'] + '</h2>' + '<div style="overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden;">' + fullTextInfo['contentList'][s]['content'] + '</div>' + '</div>'; } } } // app if (fullTextInfo['app']['length'] > 0) { for (var a = 0; a < fullTextInfo['app']['length']; a++) { contentHtml = contentHtml + '<div class="v4-art-content-p" id="title_-5_' + a + '">' + '<h2>' + fullTextInfo['app'][a]['label'] + fullTextInfo['app'][a]['title'] + '</h2>' + '<div style="overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden;">' + fullTextInfo['app'][a]['content'] + '</div>' + '</div>'; } } // fn if (fullTextInfo['fn']['length'] > 0) { contentHtml = contentHtml + '<div class="v4-art-content-p" id="title_-6">' + '<h2 class="content-title">' + 'Annotation' + '</h2>'; for (var f = 0; f < fullTextInfo['fn']['length']; f++) { contentHtml = contentHtml + '<div class="fn-item">' + '<span style="cursor: pointer;" id="f_' + fullTextInfo['fn'][f]['key'] + '" onclick="findFnInContentById(this)">' + fullTextInfo['fn'][f]['title'] + '</span>' + '<div>' + fullTextInfo['fn'][f]['content'] + '</div>' + '</div>'; } contentHtml = contentHtml + '</div>'; } // 正文内的esmText放到esm位置 if (esmTextInfo) { if (esmSize > 0) { $('#esm_text').html(esmTextInfo); $('#esm_text').css('display', 'block'); $('#esm_title').html(esmTextTitle); } else if (esmSize < 0) { contentHtml = contentHtml + '<div class="v4-art-content-p" id="title_-11">' + '<h2 class="content-title">' + esmTextTitle + '</h2>' + '<div style="overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden;">' + esmTextInfo + '</div>' + '</div>'; } treeDataO.forEach((item) => { if (item.id === 'content_title_-11') { item.label = esmTextTitle; item.labelWord = esmTextTitle; articleApp.treeData = treeDataO; } }); } else { if (esmSize === 0) { treeDataO.forEach((item, index) => { if (item.id === 'content_title_-11') { treeDataO.splice(index, 1); articleApp.treeData = treeDataO; } }); } } articleApp.treeDataReady = true; // ack if (article['acknowledgement']) { contentHtml2 = contentHtml2 + '<div class="v4-art-content-p" id="title_-7">' + '<h2 class="content-title">' + 'Acknowledgements' + '</h2>' + '<div style="overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden;">' + article['acknowledgement'] + '</div>' + '</div>'; } // funding-statement if (fullTextInfo['fundingStatements']['length'] > 0) { contentHtml2 = contentHtml2 + '<div class="v4-art-content-p" id="title_-8">' + '<h2 class="content-title">' + 'Funding' + '</h2>'; for (var fs = 0; fs < fullTextInfo['fundingStatements']['length']; fs++) { contentHtml2 = contentHtml2 + '<div class="fs-item"><p>' + fullTextInfo['fundingStatements'][fs] + '</p></div>'; } contentHtml2 = contentHtml2 + '</div>'; } // notes if (fullTextInfo['notes']['length'] > 0) { contentHtml2 = contentHtml2 + '<div class="v4-art-content-p" id="title_-10">'; for (var n = 0; n < fullTextInfo['notes']['length']; n++) { contentHtml2 = contentHtml2 + '<div class="notes-item" id="title_-10_' + n + '">' + '<h2>' + fullTextInfo['notes'][n]['title'] + '</h2>' + '<div>' + fullTextInfo['notes'][n]['content'] + '</div>' + '</div>'; } contentHtml2 = contentHtml2 + '</div>'; } // bio var contentHtmlBio = ''; if (fullTextInfo['bio']['length'] > 0) { contentHtmlBio = contentHtmlBio + '<div class="v4-art-content-p" id="title_-13" style="min-height: 200px;">' + '<h2>' + 'Author biography' + '</h2>'; for (var b = 0; b < fullTextInfo['bio']['length']; b++) { contentHtmlBio = contentHtmlBio + '<div class="bio-item">' + (fullTextInfo['bio'][b]['path'] ? '<img src="' + fullTextInfo['bio'][b]['path'] + '">' : '') + '<div>' + fullTextInfo['bio'][b]['content'] + '</div>' + '</div>'; } contentHtmlBio = contentHtmlBio + '<div style="clear: both"></div></div>'; } $('#insert_content_one').prepend(contentHtml); $('#insert_content_two').prepend(contentHtml2); $('#insert_content').append(contentHtmlBio); setTimeout(function() { if ($('#insert_content .v4-art-content-p').last().height() < 500) { $('#insert_content .v4-art-content-p').last().css('padding-bottom', '500px'); } }, 1000); MathJax.Hub.Queue(['Typeset', MathJax.Hub]); // 渲染好数据之后，； setTimeout(function() { // 图片大图模态初始化 if (document.getElementById('content_img')) { preViewImage = new Viewer(document.getElementById('content_img'), { url: 'original-src', }); } // 表格大图查看初始化 initSwiper(); initTagClickHandler(); // 插入查看表格按钮如果是移动端去掉表格模态查看 => 屏幕小于600 去掉表格查看 if ($(window).width() > 600) { var tableDom = $('#insert_content table'); for (var ta = 0; ta < tableDom.length; ta++) { if ($($('#insert_content table')[ta]).attr('id')) { // 判断 if (tableListInfo.length > 0) { let haveT = false; for (let tt = 0; tt < tableListInfo.length; tt++) { if ($($('#insert_content table')[ta]).attr('id') == tableListInfo[tt]['key']) { haveT = true; } } if (haveT) { var b = document.createElement('div'); b.setAttribute('onclick', 'showTableBtn(this)'); b.setAttribute('class', 'v4-art-table'); b.innerText = 'Show table'; $($('#insert_content table')[ta]).parent().parent().append(b); } } } } } // 左侧大纲节点 domArr = $('.v4-art-content-p'); // 是否显示show outline setTimeout(() => { if (allOutlineShow) { $(".v4_art_outline_show").css('display', 'block'); } }, 300); }, 10); if ( fullTextInfo['glossary']['length'] === 0 && (!fullTextInfo['contentList'] || fullTextInfo['contentList']['length'] === 0) && fullTextInfo['app']['length'] === 0 && fullTextInfo['fn']['length'] === 0 && (!esmTextInfo && esmSize === 0) && !article['acknowledgement'] && fullTextInfo['fundingStatements']['length'] === 0 && fullTextInfo['notes']['length'] === 0 && fullTextInfo['bio']['length'] === 0 && referenceList['length'] === 0 && !article.clcNumber && !article.documentsCode && !article.articleCodeId && !article.abstraction && !article.abstractToc && !article.abstractImage && !article['keypointsAbstracted'] && !article.erratum && articleKeyword.length === 0 ) { $('#article_no_data').css('display', 'block'); } }, error: function(err) { alert(err.toString()); }, }); }, error: function(err) { alert(err.toString()); }, }); } // 进入页面时执行 // 组装大纲 // key-points Highlights keypointsAbstracted if (article['keypointsAbstracted'] != null) { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-1', label: article['keypointsAbstracted']['title'] }); } // 摘要 article.abstractImage != null if ((article.abstractImage != null && article.abstractImage != '') || (article.abstractToc != null && article.abstractToc != '')) { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-2-1', label: 'Graphical Abstract' }); } // 摘要 article.abstraction != null || (article.abstractToc != null && article.abstractToc != '') if (article.abstraction != null && article.abstraction != '') { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-2', label: 'Abstract' }); } // 关键词 if (articleKeyword.length>0) { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-3', label: 'Keywords' }); } // CLC number 2024-7-8 大纲中去掉CLC Number显示 // if ((article.clcNumber != null && article.clcNumber != '') || (article.documentsCode != null && article.documentsCode != '') // || (article.articleCodeId != null && article.articleCodeId != '')) { // treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_clc', label: 'CLC number' }); // } // 处理摘要图片 if (article.abstractImage) { var abstractImgStrBig = '<img ' + 'original-src=' + $('#v4_art_abstract_img img').attr('src'); $('#content_img_abstract').html('<li>' + article.abstractImage.replace('<img', abstractImgStrBig) + '</li>'); var abstractImgStr = '<img id="v4-art-abstract-img" onclick="showImageBtn(event, \'v4-art-abstract-img\')" ' + 'original-src=' + $('#v4_art_abstract_img img').attr('src'); $('#v4_art_abstract_img').html(article.abstractImage.replace('<img', abstractImgStr)); var dom = '<div class="v4-art-image">\n' + ' <span onclick="showImageBtn(event, \'v4-art-abstract-img\')">View original image</span>\n' + ' <span onclick="downloadImageBtn(event, \'v4-art-abstract-img\')">Download original image</span>\n' + ' </div>'; $('#v4_art_abstract_img').parent().append(dom); setTimeout(() => { // 图片大图模态初始化 if (document.getElementById('content_img_abstract')) { preViewImage = new Viewer(document.getElementById('content_img_abstract'), { url: 'original-src', }); } }, 10); } // 如果显示正文内容加载正文，不显示正文时，拼接显示增强出版资源、参考文献 if (ifShowFullText && article.strType !== 'Issue Information') { // 加载文章内容 loadFullTextInfo(); } else { // esm if (esmSize > 0) { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-11', label: 'Electronic Supplementary Material', labelWord: 'Electronic Supplementary Material', }); } // 参考文献 if (referenceList && referenceList['length'] > 0) { treeDataO.push({ id: 'content_title_-12', label: 'References' }); } articleApp.treeData = treeDataO; articleApp.treeDataReady = true; if ( esmSize === 0 && referenceList['length'] === 0 && !article.clcNumber && !article.documentsCode && !article.articleCodeId && !article.abstraction && !article.abstractToc && !article.abstractImage && !article['keypointsAbstracted'] && !article.erratum && articleKeyword === 0 ) { $('#article_no_data').css('display', 'block'); } } // 初始化图片表格轮播 function initSwiper() { // 初始化正文表格模态显示 galleryTopTable = new Swiper('.gallery-top-table', { nextButton: '.swiper-button-next-table', prevButton: '.swiper-button-prev-table', spaceBetween: 10, }); galleryThumbsTable = new Swiper('.gallery-thumbs-table', { spaceBetween: 10, centeredSlides: true, slidesPerView: 'auto', touchRatio: 0.2, slideToClickedSlide: true, }); galleryTopTable.params.control = galleryThumbsTable; galleryThumbsTable.params.control = galleryTopTable; } // 加载Altmetrics 是否存在 function isAltmetrics() { $.ajax({ // url: contextPath + '/article/altmetric?doi=' + doi, url: 'https://api.altmetric.com/v1/doi/' + doi, type: 'get', dataType: 'json', contentType: 'application/json', success: function(data) { if (data.score > 0) { $('#article_altmetric').css('display', 'block'); } }, error: function(err) { // alert(err.toString()); console.log(err); }, }); } setTimeout(function() { isAltmetrics(); }, 1000); // 点击图片显示大图 function showImage(event, dom) { if ($(dom).attr('class') !== 'inline-graphic') { event.stopPropagation(); var id = $(dom).attr('id'); var index = 0; for (var i = 0; i < imgShowListInfo.length; i++) { if (imgShowListInfo[i]['key'] === id) { index = i; $($('#content_img').children()[index]).find('img').click(); } } } } function showImageBtn(event, id) { event.stopPropagation(); if (id === 'v4-art-abstract-img') { $($('#content_img_abstract').children()[0]).find('img').click(); } else { var index = 0; for (var i = 0; i < imgShowListInfo.length; i++) { if (imgShowListInfo[i]['key'] === id) { index = i; $($('#content_img').children()[index]).find('img').click(); } } } } // 下载原图 function downloadImageBtn(event, id) { event.stopPropagation(); $.ajax({ url: contextPath + '/article/img/download?path=' + $('#' + id).attr('src'), type: 'get', dataType: 'json', contentType: 'application/json', success: function(data) { if ($(window).width() < 800) { window.location.href = data.object; } else { window.open(data.object); } }, error: function(err) { alert(err.toString()); }, }); } // 点击表格模态显示表格 function showTable(event) { return; // 如果是移动端去掉表格模态查看 => 屏幕小于600 去掉表格查看 if ($(window).width() < 600) { return; } var id = $(event).attr('id'); var index = 0; for (var i = 0; i < tableListInfo.length; i++) { if (tableListInfo[i]['key'] === id) { index = i; galleryTopTable.slideTo(index, 100, false); galleryThumbsTable.slideTo(index, 100, false); setTimeout(function() { $('.article-html-table-modal').css('margin-left', 0); }, 200); } } } function showTableBtn(event) { var id = $($(event).prev().children()[0]).attr('id'); var index = 0; for (var i = 0; i < tableListInfo.length; i++) { if (tableListInfo[i]['key'] === id) { index = i; galleryTopTable.slideTo(index, 100, false); galleryThumbsTable.slideTo(index, 100, false); setTimeout(function() { $('.article-html-table-modal').css('margin-left', 0); }, 200); } } } // 关闭模态 function closeModal() { $('.article-html-table-modal').css('margin-left', '-100%'); } // 新增轮询检测用户停留时间 $(document).ready(function() { setInterval(function() { $.ajax({ url: '/article/statistical_duration?id=' + articleId + '&uuid=' + uuid, type: 'get', }); }, 5000); }); // 统计下载量 function countDownLoadNum(id, ifPreview) { $.ajax({ url: contextPath + '/article/stat?articleId=' + id + '&ifPreview=' + ifPreview, type: 'get', dataType: 'json', contentType: 'application/json', }); } var user = null; function send_email(authorId, articleId) { if (user != null) { location.href = contextPath + '/user/user/article/send_email?authorId=' + authorId + '&articleId=' + articleId; } else { showYxAlert('warning', 'You are not currently logged in, please log in and operate!'); var code = window.location.pathname; var param = window.location.search; location.href = '/user/user/login_forward?tag=5&code=' + encodeURIComponent(code + param); } } // 点击xref标签跳转 function initTagClickHandler() { $('xref').click(function(event) { event = event || window.event; event.stopPropagation ? event.stopPropagation() : (event.cancelBubble = true); var refType = $(this).attr('ref-type'); var id = $(this).attr('rid'); switch (refType) { // 表格 case 'table': { var dom = $('#' + id).parent(); break; } // 图片 case 'fig': // 章节 case 'sec': // 公式 case 'disp-formula': { var dom = $('#' + id); break; } default: { } } jumpToId(dom); }); $('.html-table-content label').click(function() { var tableDom = $(this).closest('.html-table-content'); jumpToId(tableDom); }); $('fig label').click(function() { var figDom = $(this).closest('fig'); jumpToId(figDom); }); } function jumpToId(dom) { if (!dom) { return; } $(window).scrollTop(dom.offset().top - 100); dom.css('backgroundColor', '#eee'); setTimeout(function() { dom.css('backgroundColor', 'initial'); }, 1000); } // 正文节点滚动到可视范围内，选中展开对应的节点 $(window).scroll(function() { // 正文节点滚动到可视范围内，选中展开对应的节点 for (var d = 0; d < domArr.length; d++) { const domRect = domArr[d].getBoundingClientRect(); if (domRect.top < 150 && domRect.top > 0) { articleApp.setSelectedKey('content_' + $(domArr[d]).attr('id')); return; } if (domRect.bottom > 500 && domRect.top < 0) { articleApp.setSelectedKey('content_' + $(domArr[d]).attr('id')); return; } } }); window.addEventListener('scroll', function() { // 不显示正文的时候不统计浏览量 if (!ifShowFullText) { return } // 滚动到正文部分的时候掉接口 if (time > 1000 * 60 * 5 || num === 0) { if (document.getElementById('insert_content').getBoundingClientRect().top <= 150) { time = 0; num = num + 1; countDownLoadNum(articleId, ifPreview); } } }); var time = 0; var num = 0; var interval = setInterval(function() { time = time + 1000; }, 1000); window.addEventListener('beforeunload', (event) => { // 在这里执行你的清理工作 clearInterval(interval); }); </script> </html>

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Study on critical velocity in tunnels with ceiling beams