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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighter_-_Pacific_Coast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fighter - Pacific Coast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fighter_-_Pacific_Coast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fighter_bombers_in_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighter_bombers_in_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Fighter bombers in Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fighter_bombers_in_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Disney_connection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Disney_connection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>The Disney connection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Disney_connection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_jet_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The jet age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_jet_age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Light_transport_&_utility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_transport_&_utility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Light transport & utility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_transport_&_utility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Light_observation_helicopter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_observation_helicopter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Light observation helicopter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_observation_helicopter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recent history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arrival_of_the_Griffon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrival_of_the_Griffon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Arrival of the Griffon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrival_of_the_Griffon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arctic_rescue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arctic_rescue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Arctic rescue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arctic_rescue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_flights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_flights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>New flights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_flights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NATO_Mission_Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NATO_Mission_Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>NATO Mission Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NATO_Mission_Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-438_Squadron_Band" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#438_Squadron_Band"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>438 Squadron Band</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-438_Squadron_Band-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commanding_officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commanding_officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Commanding officers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commanding_officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Squadron_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Squadron_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Squadron aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Squadron_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Unit of the Royal Canadian Air Force</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:438_ETAH_Logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ca/438_ETAH_Logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="278" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="278" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1934–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data">Tactical helicopter</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CFB_Kingston" title="CFB Kingston">1 Wing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Home station</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CFB_St._Hubert" title="CFB St. Hubert">CFB St. Hubert</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Wildcats</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Going down</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Anniversaries</th><td class="infobox-data">September 1, 1934</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_honour" title="Battle honour">Battle honours</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Fortress Europe 1944</li> <li>France and Germany 1944–1945</li> <li>Normandy 1944</li> <li>Arnhem</li> <li>Rhine</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/air-force/corporate/squadrons/438-squadron.html">www<wbr />.canada<wbr />.ca<wbr />/en<wbr />/air-force<wbr />/corporate<wbr />/squadrons<wbr />/438-squadron<wbr />.html</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Squadron Badge</th><td class="infobox-data">The head of a wildcat affronte</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Aircraft flown</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">Helicopter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bell_CH-146_Griffon" title="Bell CH-146 Griffon">Bell CH-146 Griffon</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p><b>438 "City of Montreal" Tactical Helicopter Squadron</b> (French: <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">438<sup>e</sup> Escadron tactique d'hélicoptères "Ville de Montréal"</i></span>) is a unit of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a>. The squadron operates the <a href="/wiki/Bell_CH-146_Griffon" title="Bell CH-146 Griffon">Bell CH-146 Griffon</a> tactical helicopter from the <a href="/wiki/Hartland_Molson" title="Hartland Molson">Hartland de Montarville Molson</a> Hangar of <a href="/wiki/CFB_St._Hubert" title="CFB St. Hubert">CFB St. Hubert</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada. Its tasks include armed and unarmed tactical utility transport, training <a href="/wiki/Aircrew" title="Aircrew">aircrew</a> personnel in basic and advanced aviation tactics, technical training of <a href="/wiki/Groundcrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Groundcrew">groundcrew</a> personnel and <a href="/wiki/Flight_engineer" title="Flight engineer">flight engineers</a> and the periodic maintenance of CH-146 fleet aircraft. They also include as residual capabilities <a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue" title="Search and rescue">search and rescue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> and support to federal, provincial and local law enforcement agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-438-01_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-01-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A "total force" unit composed of members of the <a href="/wiki/Regular_Force" title="Regular Force">Regular Force</a>, and both full time and part time <a href="/wiki/Primary_Reserve" title="Primary Reserve">reservists</a>, the squadron is part of 1 Wing at <a href="/wiki/CFB_Kingston" title="CFB Kingston">CFB Kingston</a> <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-01_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-01-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The motto "Going Down" was adopted during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> when operating <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Typhoon" title="Hawker Typhoon">Hawker Typhoon</a> <a href="/wiki/Fighter_bomber" class="mw-redirect" title="Fighter bomber">fighter bombers</a> over occupied Europe. This was the flight leader's instruction to begin diving attacks with bombs, cannons or both.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The unit badge is the <a href="/wiki/Wildcat" title="Wildcat">wildcat</a> and described in heraldic terms as: "d'Argent, the head of a wildcat affront Gules, langued Azure". The wildcat was chosen as the emblem as it represents the squadron's nickname.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-war">Pre-war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Pre-war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The formation of the Squadron is due to the sustained efforts of Adélard Raymond, Montreal businessman and veteran pilot of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, and <a href="/wiki/La_Presse_(Canadian_newspaper)" title="La Presse (Canadian newspaper)">La Presse</a> journalist Lionel Saint-Jean who was the president of the Quebec Aviation League.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These men worked closely together from May 1934 onwards to formulate a formal request aimed at the formation of a <a href="/wiki/Primary_Reserve" title="Primary Reserve">reserve</a> aviation <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">squadron</a> attached to the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Militia" title="Canadian Militia">militia</a>, like the already existing ones in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, but composed of francophones.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This official request was presented on 18 June 1934 in the form of a letter to <a href="/wiki/Brigadier-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier-General">Brigadier-General</a> W.W.P. Gibsone, commander of Military District 4 and included the signatures of several local businessmen and politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contained (translated from the original text in French): </p><p>“<i>We are particularly proud to declare that the group we represent is <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian">French Canadian</a>. We, French-speaking Canadians, want to affirm once again our patriotism towards our country. We want this squadron to be made up of French Canadians ...</i>”<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 July, <a href="/wiki/Group_Captain" class="mw-redirect" title="Group Captain">Group Captain</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Croil" title="George Croil">G.M. Croil</a>, senior officer of the <a href="/wiki/RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RCAF">RCAF</a>, met with Mr. St-Jean and a dozen other signatories. From a list of 31 qualified pilots, including several veterans of 1914–18, he selected 14 who would form the initial nucleus of the new unit.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was on 1 September 1934 that the unit was authorized in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> as <b>No. 18 Bomber Squadron (Auxiliary)</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-02_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It will initially have an authorized strength of 66 members and will be under the temporary administrative command of <a href="/wiki/Squadron_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Squadron Leader">Squadron Leader</a> C.E. Trudeau, a <a href="/wiki/Regular_Force" title="Regular Force">regular</a> member personally recommended by Brigadier-General Gibsone.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_flights">First flights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First flights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the recruitment and training of the cadre personnel forming the basic structure of the Squadron, flight training operations began in May 1936 from <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Saint-Hubert_Longueuil_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Saint-Hubert Longueuil Airport">St-Hubert</a> on the south shore of <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> following the reception of the first two of four <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60" class="mw-redirect" title="De Havilland DH.60">de Havilland DH.60</a> Moths.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">Squadron leader</a> Marcel Dubuc, a veteran pilot with recognized qualities, was appointed its first commanding officer in May 1936. The unit was renumbered <b>No. 118 (Bomber) Squadron</b> on November 17, 1937 as part of a restructuring of RCAF squadrons.<sup id="cite_ref-438-02_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two additional aircraft arrived in 1938 and the size of the squadron was increased to 114 members.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>Squadron leader Marcel Dubuc<br />1st CO of 118 (B) Squadron - 1936</b> </th> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>Airman Léo Blanchette<br />118 (B) Squadron recruit - 1937</b> </th> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>Gipsy Moth no. 67 on skis for winter ops<br />118 (B) Squadron - 1937</b> </th> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>Gipsy Moth no. 122 being towed<br />118 (B) Squadron - 1938</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sqn_Ldr_Marcel_Dubuc_CO_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sqn_Ldr_Marcel_Dubuc_CO_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg/237px-Sqn_Ldr_Marcel_Dubuc_CO_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="237" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sqn_Ldr_Marcel_Dubuc_CO_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg/356px-Sqn_Ldr_Marcel_Dubuc_CO_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sqn_Ldr_Marcel_Dubuc_CO_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg/474px-Sqn_Ldr_Marcel_Dubuc_CO_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="728" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aviateur_Leo_Blanchette_1937_-_Esc_18_ARC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Aviateur_Leo_Blanchette_1937_-_Esc_18_ARC.jpg/280px-Aviateur_Leo_Blanchette_1937_-_Esc_18_ARC.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Aviateur_Leo_Blanchette_1937_-_Esc_18_ARC.jpg/420px-Aviateur_Leo_Blanchette_1937_-_Esc_18_ARC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Aviateur_Leo_Blanchette_1937_-_Esc_18_ARC.jpg/560px-Aviateur_Leo_Blanchette_1937_-_Esc_18_ARC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="1006" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DH60_067_118_SQN_RCAF_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/DH60_067_118_SQN_RCAF_1937.jpg/400px-DH60_067_118_SQN_RCAF_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/DH60_067_118_SQN_RCAF_1937.jpg/600px-DH60_067_118_SQN_RCAF_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/DH60_067_118_SQN_RCAF_1937.jpg/800px-DH60_067_118_SQN_RCAF_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="663" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gypsy_Moth_no122_of_18_(B)_Sqn_RCAF_-_1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gypsy_Moth_no122_of_18_%28B%29_Sqn_RCAF_-_1938.jpg/405px-Gypsy_Moth_no122_of_18_%28B%29_Sqn_RCAF_-_1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="405" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gypsy_Moth_no122_of_18_%28B%29_Sqn_RCAF_-_1938.jpg/608px-Gypsy_Moth_no122_of_18_%28B%29_Sqn_RCAF_-_1938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gypsy_Moth_no122_of_18_%28B%29_Sqn_RCAF_-_1938.jpg/810px-Gypsy_Moth_no122_of_18_%28B%29_Sqn_RCAF_-_1938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="1193" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coastal_Artillery_Cooperation">Coastal Artillery Cooperation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coastal Artillery Cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armstrong_Whitworth_Atlas_serial_410_of_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Armstrong_Whitworth_Atlas_serial_410_of_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg/220px-Armstrong_Whitworth_Atlas_serial_410_of_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Armstrong_Whitworth_Atlas_serial_410_of_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg/330px-Armstrong_Whitworth_Atlas_serial_410_of_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Armstrong_Whitworth_Atlas_serial_410_of_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg/440px-Armstrong_Whitworth_Atlas_serial_410_of_118_Sqn_RCAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>118 Sqn Armstrong Whitworth Atlas #410</figcaption></figure> <p>The unit was redesignated <b>No.118 (<a href="/wiki/Coast_Artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Artillery">Coast Artillery</a> Cooperation) Squadron</b> on 1 September 1939,<sup id="cite_ref-438-02_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> activated for voluntary wartime service on 3 September, and moved to <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John, New Brunswick</a> on 28 October.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/No._117_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 117 Squadron RCAF">117 (Aux) Sqn</a> from <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">St-John N.B.</a> was simultaneously absorbed into the unit<sup id="cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCAF_Micro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with personnel transferred in from <a href="/wiki/No._2_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 2 Squadron RCAF">No. 2 (AC) Sqn</a> with their <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_Atlas" title="Armstrong Whitworth Atlas">Atlas</a> aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book07_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book07-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These reinforcements formed a new A flight that would operate out of <a href="/wiki/Saunders_Park_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Saunders Park (Nova Scotia)">Halifax airport</a><sup id="cite_ref-438-book07_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book07-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until 31 March 1940 when they moved to <a href="/wiki/CFB_Shearwater" class="mw-redirect" title="CFB Shearwater">RCAF Station Dartmouth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The squadron was reequipped with <a href="/wiki/Westland_Lysander" title="Westland Lysander">Westland Lysanders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Shark" title="Blackburn Shark">Blackburn Sharks</a><sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> better suited to this new role which consisted of patrolling the coast for enemy naval activity and directing coastal artillery batteries when/if required.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Westland_Wapiti" title="Westland Wapiti">Westland Wapiti</a> aircraft borrowed from No.10 (B) Sqn were also used for a few months until more Atlases became available.<sup id="cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCAF_Micro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After nearly a year of coastal sweeps, the occasional patrol for convoys close inshore, dive-bombing exercises with army batteries and naval anti-aircraft gunners, air gunnery training and aerial photographic duties, the squadron was temporarily deactivated on 27 September 1940 pending redesignation and the arrival of more modern aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atlantic_Coast_defence">Atlantic Coast defence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Atlantic Coast defence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gobblins_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gobblins_7.jpg/220px-Gobblins_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gobblins_7.jpg/330px-Gobblins_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gobblins_7.jpg/440px-Gobblins_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2135" data-file-height="1637" /></a><figcaption>118 Sqn Goblins near Dartmouth</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kittyhawks_118SQN_RCAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Kittyhawks_118SQN_RCAF.jpg/220px-Kittyhawks_118SQN_RCAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Kittyhawks_118SQN_RCAF.jpg/330px-Kittyhawks_118SQN_RCAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Kittyhawks_118SQN_RCAF.jpg/440px-Kittyhawks_118SQN_RCAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1291" data-file-height="729" /></a><figcaption>118 Sqn Kittyhawks near Dartmouth</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:118_Sqn_Sea_Hurricane_1942_BW837.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/118_Sqn_Sea_Hurricane_1942_BW837.jpg/220px-118_Sqn_Sea_Hurricane_1942_BW837.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/118_Sqn_Sea_Hurricane_1942_BW837.jpg/330px-118_Sqn_Sea_Hurricane_1942_BW837.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/118_Sqn_Sea_Hurricane_1942_BW837.jpg/440px-118_Sqn_Sea_Hurricane_1942_BW837.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>118 Sqn Hawker Sea Hurricane #BW837</figcaption></figure> <p>The squadron was reactivated at <a href="/wiki/Ottawa/Rockcliffe_Airport" title="Ottawa/Rockcliffe Airport">Rockliffe</a>, Ontario on 13 January 1941 with the new designation <b>No.118 (Fighter) Squadron</b><sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and reequipped with the <a href="/wiki/Grumman_Goblin" class="mw-redirect" title="Grumman Goblin">Grumman Goblin</a>, an American biplane design which were licence built in Canada by <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Car_and_Foundry" title="Canadian Car and Foundry">Canadian Car and Foundry</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unit moved to <a href="/wiki/CFB_Shearwater" class="mw-redirect" title="CFB Shearwater">Dartmouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> in July being at that time, the sole fighter squadron available for East Coast defence.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1941 the more capable <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Kittyhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtiss Kittyhawk">Curtiss Kittyhawk</a> replaced the obsolete Goblin.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The RCAF was facing a serious shortage of frontline fighters, having sent its <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawker Hurricanes">Hawker Hurricanes</a> off to the UK with <a href="/wiki/401_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="401 Tactical Fighter Squadron">No. 1 (F) Squadron</a>, it was having a hard time procuring additional fighters to meet its needs.<sup id="cite_ref-438-Scale_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-Scale-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For these reasons, 50 Canadian built <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane_variants#Sea_Hurricanes" title="Hawker Hurricane variants">Sea Hurricanes</a> destined for the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> were retained in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-438-Scale_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-Scale-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All were placed on strength of 118 Sqn in November 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCAF_Micro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These brand new fighters were test flown by 118 squadron pilots upon arrival or reassembly. Many were put in temporary storage, the few others still leaving with the RAF were also test flown by 118 pilots prior to fitting to <a href="/wiki/CAM_ship" title="CAM ship">catapult equipped merchant vessels</a>. 118 Sqn formed a “Hurricane Flight” and more than a dozen were regularly flown by squadron personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCAF_Micro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 118 was operating a full complement of Kittyhawks, Sea Hurricanes, and a few Harvards, and was still flying its Goblins well into January 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCAF_Micro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These catapult spool and <a href="/wiki/Arrestor_hook" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrestor hook">arrestor hook</a> equipped Sea Hurricanes were painted in the British <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> paint scheme of dark greys with 'Royal Navy' painted on the fuselage, looking oddly out of place on an RCAF ramp.<sup id="cite_ref-438-Scale_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-Scale-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 April 1942, the Sea Hurricanes, many of which with their naval modifications now removed, along with many 118 Sqn personnel from the “Hurricane Flight” formed the nucleus of the newly formed 126 (F) Sqn also at Dartmouth.<sup id="cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCAF_Micro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new unit would be temporarily under the command of <a href="/wiki/Flight_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight Lieutenant">Flight Lieutenant</a> Arthur Yuile who had previously been in charge of the flight.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 16, 1942, when two 118 Squadron Kittyhawks spotted and attacked a surfaced German <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> approximately 10 miles off the coast between <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sydney,_Nova_Scotia" title="Sydney, Nova Scotia">Sydney</a>. Flying Officer W.P. Roberts in Kittyhawk <i>AK851</i> was able to fire six bursts and obtain a number of hits around the conning tower<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before the submarine dove underwater and disappeared from sight.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The squadron code displayed on all unit aircraft was "RE" from January 1941 to May 1942 when it changed to "VW".<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fighter_-_Pacific_Coast">Fighter - Pacific Coast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fighter - Pacific Coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kittyhawks_118_SQN_RCAF_Annette_Island_Alaska_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kittyhawks_118_SQN_RCAF_Annette_Island_Alaska_1942.jpg/220px-Kittyhawks_118_SQN_RCAF_Annette_Island_Alaska_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kittyhawks_118_SQN_RCAF_Annette_Island_Alaska_1942.jpg/330px-Kittyhawks_118_SQN_RCAF_Annette_Island_Alaska_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kittyhawks_118_SQN_RCAF_Annette_Island_Alaska_1942.jpg/440px-Kittyhawks_118_SQN_RCAF_Annette_Island_Alaska_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1781" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption>Kittyhawks of 118 Sqn on the Pacific coast in 1943</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:118_Sqn_RCAF_pilots_at_Sea_Island_BC_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/118_Sqn_RCAF_pilots_at_Sea_Island_BC_1943.jpg/220px-118_Sqn_RCAF_pilots_at_Sea_Island_BC_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/118_Sqn_RCAF_pilots_at_Sea_Island_BC_1943.jpg/330px-118_Sqn_RCAF_pilots_at_Sea_Island_BC_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/118_Sqn_RCAF_pilots_at_Sea_Island_BC_1943.jpg/440px-118_Sqn_RCAF_pilots_at_Sea_Island_BC_1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1563" data-file-height="884" /></a><figcaption>118 squadron pilots in front of a Kittyhawk, Sea Island B.C. 1943</figcaption></figure> <p>With the entry of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> into the war following the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, the Canadian Government of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">Mackenzie King</a> offered military naval and air support to the then limited American capabilities facing Japanese expansion in the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book03_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book03-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two fighter and light bomber wings were formed for service on the Pacific coast, X and Y Wings composed of Kittyhawk fighters and <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bolingbroke" title="Bristol Bolingbroke">Bristol Bolingbroke</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_bomber" title="Light bomber">light bombers</a> under the <a href="/wiki/RCAF_Western_Air_Command" title="RCAF Western Air Command">RCAF Western Air Command</a>. 118 Sqn and <a href="/wiki/No._115_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 115 Squadron RCAF">115 Squadron</a> formed Y Wing.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the historic cross-continent flight of 4,000 miles, 118 was led by Flight Lieutenant Yuile. <a href="/wiki/Squadron_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Squadron Leader">Squadron Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Hartland_Molson" title="Hartland Molson">Hartland Molson</a>, 118 Squadron's commanding officer and a veteran Hurricane pilot of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a>, remained in Dartmouth to assume command of 126 (F) Sqn. </p><p>The squadron left Dartmouth on the morning of 6 June 1942 for <a href="/wiki/Annette_Island" title="Annette Island">Annette Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The squadron made refuelling stops at <a href="/wiki/RCAF_Station_Pennfield_Ridge" title="RCAF Station Pennfield Ridge">Penfield Ridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/CFB_St._Hubert" title="CFB St. Hubert">Saint-Hubert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/CFB_North_Bay" title="CFB North Bay">North Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Falls" title="Iroquois Falls">Porquis Junction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/CFB_Winnipeg" title="CFB Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/RCAF_Station_Saskatoon" title="RCAF Station Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/CFB_Edmonton" title="CFB Edmonton">Edmonton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_George_Airport" title="Prince George Airport">Prince George</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They arrived on 21 June; A Flight was armed and refuelled ready for action within 15 minutes of landing.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The squadron moved to <a href="/wiki/Sea_Island_(British_Columbia)" title="Sea Island (British Columbia)">Sea Island</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> on 20 August 1943 and would remain there until ordered overseas.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Five pilots died in non-combat-related crashes during this period of home defence.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fighter_bombers_in_Europe">Fighter bombers in Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fighter bombers in Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Article_XV_squadrons" title="Article XV squadrons">Article XV squadrons</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UK-6817_438_Sqn_pilots_in_Ayr_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/UK-6817_438_Sqn_pilots_in_Ayr_1943.jpg/220px-UK-6817_438_Sqn_pilots_in_Ayr_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/UK-6817_438_Sqn_pilots_in_Ayr_1943.jpg/330px-UK-6817_438_Sqn_pilots_in_Ayr_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/UK-6817_438_Sqn_pilots_in_Ayr_1943.jpg/440px-UK-6817_438_Sqn_pilots_in_Ayr_1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5584" data-file-height="4358" /></a><figcaption>Pilots of 438 Sqn with a Hurricane at Ayr, January 1944</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eindhoven_October_1944_Typhoon_MN816_438_SQN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Eindhoven_October_1944_Typhoon_MN816_438_SQN.jpg/220px-Eindhoven_October_1944_Typhoon_MN816_438_SQN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Eindhoven_October_1944_Typhoon_MN816_438_SQN.jpg/330px-Eindhoven_October_1944_Typhoon_MN816_438_SQN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Eindhoven_October_1944_Typhoon_MN816_438_SQN.jpg/440px-Eindhoven_October_1944_Typhoon_MN816_438_SQN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption>Groundcrews of 438 Sqn with a unit Typhoon, Eindhoven Netherlands 1945</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:438_SQN_RCAF_Hawker_Typhoons_prep_for_take_off.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/438_SQN_RCAF_Hawker_Typhoons_prep_for_take_off.jpg/220px-438_SQN_RCAF_Hawker_Typhoons_prep_for_take_off.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/438_SQN_RCAF_Hawker_Typhoons_prep_for_take_off.jpg/330px-438_SQN_RCAF_Hawker_Typhoons_prep_for_take_off.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/438_SQN_RCAF_Hawker_Typhoons_prep_for_take_off.jpg/440px-438_SQN_RCAF_Hawker_Typhoons_prep_for_take_off.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>438 Squadron "Bombphoons" taxiing at B.78 Eindhoven, 1945</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RCAF_Typhoons_destoyed_Eindhoven_NL_1_Jan_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/RCAF_Typhoons_destoyed_Eindhoven_NL_1_Jan_1945.jpg/220px-RCAF_Typhoons_destoyed_Eindhoven_NL_1_Jan_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/RCAF_Typhoons_destoyed_Eindhoven_NL_1_Jan_1945.jpg/330px-RCAF_Typhoons_destoyed_Eindhoven_NL_1_Jan_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/RCAF_Typhoons_destoyed_Eindhoven_NL_1_Jan_1945.jpg/440px-RCAF_Typhoons_destoyed_Eindhoven_NL_1_Jan_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption>Destroyed RCAF Typhoons after the German attack on Eindhoven airfield on 1 January 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>Leaving their Kittyhawks behind, the 142 strong squadron crossed Canada by rail embarking on 2 November 1943 in Halifax for the sea voyage to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The squadron was once again redesignated, this time as <b>No.438 (Fighter Bomber) Squadron</b> upon arriving at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Digby" title="RAF Digby">Royal Air Force Station Digby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a> on 18 November.<sup id="cite_ref-438-02_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RCAF squadrons were renumbered between 400 and 449 to avoid confusion with other <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> units also operating from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under RAF operational control. Its new squadron code was "F3" which was retained until the end of hostilities in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The squadron moved to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Heathfield" title="RAF Heathfield">RAF Ayr II (Healthfield)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> on 10 January 1944 where the pilots learnt to fly the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a> first to ease conversion to the powerful <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Typhoon" title="Hawker Typhoon">Hawker Typhoon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 438 Squadron was now one of three RCAF Typhoon squadrons forming <a href="/wiki/No._143_Wing_RCAF" title="No. 143 Wing RCAF">No. 143 Wing RCAF</a> within the <a href="/wiki/RAF_Second_Tactical_Air_Force" title="RAF Second Tactical Air Force">RAF Second Tactical Air Force</a> (2TAF). </p><p>In mid March, 438 squadron began cross-channel offensive operations against pre-invasion targets flying from <a href="/wiki/RAF_Hurn" title="RAF Hurn">RAF Hurn</a> and <a href="/wiki/RAF_Funtington" title="RAF Funtington">RAF Funtington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/D-Day" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Day">D-Day</a>, its main task was close support to allied ground forces by dive-bombing and strafing enemy strong-points, bridges, rail and road traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The front lines moving further inland, on 27 June the squadron moved to <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Landing_Ground#Army_of_Occupation_ALGs#Royal_Air_Force_ALGs" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Landing Ground">forward airfield</a> B-9 at <a href="/wiki/Lantheuil" title="Lantheuil">Lantheuil</a> in France.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This base was still well within the range of German artillery and on 15 July Flying Officer Ross Johnson, a 21 year old pilot was killed during a barrage directed at his motor transport.<sup id="cite_ref-438-03_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-03-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Wildcats moved from airfield to airfield following the advance of the front lines deeper into Europe. They were at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-de-l%27Eure_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-André-de-l'Eure Airport">B.24 St André</a> on 31 August, <a href="/wiki/Amiens_%E2%80%93_Glisy_Aerodrome" title="Amiens – Glisy Aerodrome">B.48 Glisy</a> on 3 September, and at <a href="/wiki/Melsbroek_Air_Base" title="Melsbroek Air Base">B.58 Melsbroek</a> on 6 September to participate in support of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden">Operation Market Garden</a>. It moved into the airfield at <a href="/wiki/Eindhoven_Airport" title="Eindhoven Airport">Eindhoven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> on 26 September; the base had just been recently vacated by the enemy as a result of the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There they lost their new commanding officer <a href="/wiki/Acting_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting (rank)">Acting</a> <a href="/wiki/Squadron_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Squadron Leader">Squadron Leader</a> Peter Wilson<sup id="cite_ref-438-03_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-03-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the very day he took command, 1 January 1945, during the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte">Operation Bodenplatte</a> attacks on allied airfields.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 March 1945, after nearly 6 months in Eindhoven, with the end of the war in sight, the squadron was pulled from combat operations and sent back to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Warmwell" title="RAF Warmwell">RAF Warmwell</a> for rocket firing training,<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ironic considering the RCAF Typhoon squadrons did not use this weapon in combat preferring bombs earning them the nickname "Bombphoons".<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is during this Armament Practice Camp that their latest CO, Squadron Leader James Easson Hogg<sup id="cite_ref-438-04_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-04-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">DFC</a>, a seasoned veteran, failed to pull out of a dive and crashed into the channel dying instantly.<sup id="cite_ref-438-03_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-03-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The squadron returned to the fight on 3 April in Germany proper this time to B.100 <a href="/wiki/Goch" title="Goch">Goch</a>, to B.150 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hustedt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hustedt (page does not exist)">Hustedt</a> on 21 April and finally to B.166 <a href="/wiki/Flensburg" title="Flensburg">Flensburg</a> on 29 May, the squadron was disbanded there on 26 August.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A typical squadron action in 1944: "September 10 produced four missions. At 1520 hours <a href="/wiki/Jack_Rife_Beirnes" title="Jack Rife Beirnes">S/L Beirnes</a> led nine Typhoons to the area of Turnhout-Venlo-Eindhoven to strafe four trains, each with 10-20 cars. In each case the locomotive was destroyed. The flight landed at 1630 and was off again at 1930, this time with 500-pounders to blast shipping at Hoedekenskerke. All bombs were on target, hitting either ships or docks. One ship, apparently carrying ammunition, blew up in spectacular fashion and another vessel was left smoking."<sup id="cite_ref-438-book04_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book04-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its sixteen months of front line combat service from March 1944 to May 1945, 438 Squadron flew 4022 sorties, dropped 2070 tons of bombs and is credited with 430 rail cuts, 184 vehicles destroyed (+169 damaged), 12 tanks destroyed (+3 damaged), 5 locomotives destroyed (+73 damaged), 101 rail cars destroyed (+532 damaged), 1 barge sunk (+38 damaged), and 5 bridges destroyed. The cost for these successes was high, during the same timeframe, the squadron lost 38 aircraft, 31 pilots, of whom 17 were killed, 5 missing, 6 were captured by the enemy after bailing out and 3 successfully evaded capture after abandoning their aircraft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Disney_connection">The Disney connection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Disney connection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On February 10, 1944, 438 Squadron pilot and veteran of Alaska, Flight Lieutenant Ross Reid<sup id="cite_ref-438-05_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-05-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">DFC</a>, wrote a letter to <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> requesting a squadron emblem design that could adorn their aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While serving at Annette Island alongside his <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a> colleagues, Reid had noticed the many American military aircraft bearing such intricate designs.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reid received a letter from the Disney Studios dated March 30, 1944 containing the design below that was immediately adopted and painted on the side of the squadron's Typhoons with the addition of a maple leaf as a background.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the war while at <a href="/wiki/Flensburg,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Flensburg, Germany">Flensburg, Germany</a> awaiting repatriation, squadron members commissioned a unit pin from a local jeweler based on the Disney design (see photo below). The popular Disney design was once again chosen to adorn both aircraft and uniforms of squadron personnel in 1981 following a series of crests worn through the decades. A special <a href="/wiki/CH-146_Griffon" class="mw-redirect" title="CH-146 Griffon">CH-146 Griffon</a> nose panel also bears the crest, to be used for special occasions. It is still the emblem of choice for the Wildcats.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Disney_Wildcat_for_438_RCAF_Squadron_30_March_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1944 Disney design"><img alt="1944 Disney design" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Disney_Wildcat_for_438_RCAF_Squadron_30_March_1944.jpg/196px-Disney_Wildcat_for_438_RCAF_Squadron_30_March_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Disney_Wildcat_for_438_RCAF_Squadron_30_March_1944.jpg/294px-Disney_Wildcat_for_438_RCAF_Squadron_30_March_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Disney_Wildcat_for_438_RCAF_Squadron_30_March_1944.jpg/391px-Disney_Wildcat_for_438_RCAF_Squadron_30_March_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1944 Disney design</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 173.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 171.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Disney_crest_on_438_SQN_Typhoon_RCAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crest being painted on Typhoon"><img alt="Crest being painted on Typhoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Disney_crest_on_438_SQN_Typhoon_RCAF.jpg/257px-Disney_crest_on_438_SQN_Typhoon_RCAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Disney_crest_on_438_SQN_Typhoon_RCAF.jpg/386px-Disney_crest_on_438_SQN_Typhoon_RCAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Disney_crest_on_438_SQN_Typhoon_RCAF.jpg/514px-Disney_crest_on_438_SQN_Typhoon_RCAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="617" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crest being painted on Typhoon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 87.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 85.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:438_sqn_Wildcat_pin_made_in_Flensburg_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1945 Wildcat pin"><img alt="1945 Wildcat pin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/438_sqn_Wildcat_pin_made_in_Flensburg_1945.jpg/128px-438_sqn_Wildcat_pin_made_in_Flensburg_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/438_sqn_Wildcat_pin_made_in_Flensburg_1945.jpg/193px-438_sqn_Wildcat_pin_made_in_Flensburg_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/438_sqn_Wildcat_pin_made_in_Flensburg_1945.jpg/257px-438_sqn_Wildcat_pin_made_in_Flensburg_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="1016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1945 Wildcat pin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 105.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 103.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:438_Squadron_Wildcats_crest_RCAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Current crest"><img alt="Current crest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/438_Squadron_Wildcats_crest_RCAF.jpg/155px-438_Squadron_Wildcats_crest_RCAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/438_Squadron_Wildcats_crest_RCAF.jpg/232px-438_Squadron_Wildcats_crest_RCAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/438_Squadron_Wildcats_crest_RCAF.jpg/309px-438_Squadron_Wildcats_crest_RCAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="682" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Current crest</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:438_Wildcat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crest on Griffon nose panel for special occasions"><img alt="Crest on Griffon nose panel for special occasions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/438_Wildcat.jpg/271px-438_Wildcat.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/438_Wildcat.jpg/407px-438_Wildcat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/438_Wildcat.jpg/542px-438_Wildcat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crest on Griffon nose panel<br />for special occasions</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-war">Post-war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post-war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reformation_in_the_auxiliaries">Reformation in the auxiliaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Reformation in the auxiliaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvards_of_438_Sqn_on_RTB_from_rocket_practice_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Harvards_of_438_Sqn_on_RTB_from_rocket_practice_1948.jpg/220px-Harvards_of_438_Sqn_on_RTB_from_rocket_practice_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Harvards_of_438_Sqn_on_RTB_from_rocket_practice_1948.jpg/330px-Harvards_of_438_Sqn_on_RTB_from_rocket_practice_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Harvards_of_438_Sqn_on_RTB_from_rocket_practice_1948.jpg/440px-Harvards_of_438_Sqn_on_RTB_from_rocket_practice_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption>438 (Aux) Squadron Harvards on the way back from rocket firing practice - 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>438 Squadron was reformed at Montreal on April 15, 1946<sup id="cite_ref-438-02_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an Auxiliary (reserve) unit once again operating from its old base at St-Hubert.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was equipped with <a href="/wiki/North_American_Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Harvard">North American Harvard</a> trainers. Its main task was the retention of flying qualifications for newly repatriated aircrew and the training of new personnel. The important population of the greater Montreal area offered a great number of new potential recruits and also attracted a large number of francophone veteran pilots wishing to remain in uniform, albeit on a part-time basis.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new squadron commander, Wing Commander Claude Hébert, D.F.C. managed to bring in many World War 2 combat veterans to fill the ranks. As a result, like in some other newly reformed auxiliary squadrons, a great percentage of the early post-war period pilots were some of the most highly decorated wartime members of the RCAF.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new squadron identifier code is "BQ".<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_jet_age">The jet age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The jet age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:438_sqn_vampires_RCAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/438_sqn_vampires_RCAF.jpg/220px-438_sqn_vampires_RCAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/438_sqn_vampires_RCAF.jpg/330px-438_sqn_vampires_RCAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/438_sqn_vampires_RCAF.jpg/440px-438_sqn_vampires_RCAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>438 Sqn Vampires Mk.III in formation (circa 1952)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CT133_Silver_Star_438_Squadron_RCAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/CT133_Silver_Star_438_Squadron_RCAF.jpg/220px-CT133_Silver_Star_438_Squadron_RCAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/CT133_Silver_Star_438_Squadron_RCAF.jpg/330px-CT133_Silver_Star_438_Squadron_RCAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/CT133_Silver_Star_438_Squadron_RCAF.jpg/440px-CT133_Silver_Star_438_Squadron_RCAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="1092" /></a><figcaption>Silver Star Mk.III over St-Hubert (circa 1956)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_Stars_and_Sabres_of_438_Squadron_RCAF_1957.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Silver_Stars_and_Sabres_of_438_Squadron_RCAF_1957.jpg/220px-Silver_Stars_and_Sabres_of_438_Squadron_RCAF_1957.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Silver_Stars_and_Sabres_of_438_Squadron_RCAF_1957.jpg/330px-Silver_Stars_and_Sabres_of_438_Squadron_RCAF_1957.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Silver_Stars_and_Sabres_of_438_Squadron_RCAF_1957.jpg/440px-Silver_Stars_and_Sabres_of_438_Squadron_RCAF_1957.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="687" /></a><figcaption>Silver Stars and Sabres at RCAF Chatham N.B., July 1957</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6_x_438_Sqn_Sabres_RCAF_1958.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/6_x_438_Sqn_Sabres_RCAF_1958.jpg/220px-6_x_438_Sqn_Sabres_RCAF_1958.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/6_x_438_Sqn_Sabres_RCAF_1958.jpg/330px-6_x_438_Sqn_Sabres_RCAF_1958.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/6_x_438_Sqn_Sabres_RCAF_1958.jpg/440px-6_x_438_Sqn_Sabres_RCAF_1958.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="1926" /></a><figcaption>438 Squadron Sabres at RCAF St-Hubert QC ,1958</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 1, 1947, 438 Squadron regained its wartime designation as <b>438 (Fighter) Squadron</b> in preparation for its soon-to-arrive new aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-438-02_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Wildcats became one of the first units to be operational on jet fighters when they began operations on the British designed and built <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">de Havilland Vampire</a> in April 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> October 1949, the Wildcats of 438 Squadron, alongside their colleagues of 401 Squadron also on Vampires, participated in Operation Metropolis, a large scale joint <a href="/wiki/USAF" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF">USAF</a>/<a href="/wiki/RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RCAF">RCAF</a> air exercise where the two RCAF jet fighter squadrons, with the assistance of No.1 RCAF mobile radar unit were to defend the greater New York area from formations of American <a href="/wiki/Martin_B-26_Marauder" title="Martin B-26 Marauder">Martin B-26 Marauder</a> bomber squadrons.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 1, 1950, the squadron designation was once again amended, this time to include "City of Montreal" making it <b>438 "City of Montreal" (Fighter) Squadron</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-02_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was in recognition of the wartime sponsorship of the Wildcats by the city.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Squadron also received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a> of Montreal on October 1 of the same year to officialize the event with a large parade on the <a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Champ de Mars, Montreal">Field of Mars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> 1954 saw the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Canadair_CT-133_Silver_Star" title="Canadair CT-133 Silver Star">Canadair CT-133 Silver Star</a>, the most modern jet trainer of the era, replacing the Vampires.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "T-birds" as they were commonly called by RCAF personnel, were retained until September 1958<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were used to train new pilots converting to jets, more precisely the Sabre which began arriving at the squadron in October 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Wildcats would keep flying fighters until November 1958 when the role of the auxiliary units was once again reviewed and amended.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Light_transport_&_utility"><span id="Light_transport_.26_utility"></span>Light transport & utility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Light transport & utility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 1, 1958, 438 Squadron lost its "Fighter" role and received the simpler new designation <b>438 Squadron</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-02_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With changing times causing increases in the cost of modern weapons, the complexity of their upkeep, technical advances and new air defence doctrines, Auxiliary squadrons were assigned to mostly secondary support roles.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now equipped with the <a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Expeditor" class="mw-redirect" title="Beechcraft Expeditor">Beechcraft Expeditor</a> MK.III and relegated to light utility transport, most remaining fighter pilots simply left the service in protest giving the unit a completely new look with a membership of reserve air and ground crews mostly borne from the civilian airline and local aircraft industries.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 5, 1961, the unit received its Squadron Standard for 25 years of service from the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen's</a> representative, the <a href="/wiki/The_Honourable#Canada" title="The Honourable">Honourable</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Fauteux" title="Gaspard Fauteux">Gaspard Fauteux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Quebec" title="Lieutenant Governor of Quebec">Lieutenant Governor of Quebec</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This most noteworthy of events in the life of a squadron was done with a large solemn parade on the ramp at the St-Hubert airbase.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>Expeditors taking off in formation<br />at RCAF Station St-Hubert (circa 1960)</b> </th> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>Colours presentation<br />5 May 1961</b> </th> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>March past of 401 and 438 squadrons<br />during the colours ceremony<br />RCAF Station St-Hubert - 5 May 1961</b> </th> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>438 Sqn Otters over Montreal with<br />3 possible landing gear arrangements</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RCAF_Expeditors_taking_off.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/RCAF_Expeditors_taking_off.jpg/350px-RCAF_Expeditors_taking_off.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/RCAF_Expeditors_taking_off.jpg/525px-RCAF_Expeditors_taking_off.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/RCAF_Expeditors_taking_off.jpg/700px-RCAF_Expeditors_taking_off.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="838" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:438_Sqn_colours_presentation_by_Lt_Gov_of_QC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/438_Sqn_colours_presentation_by_Lt_Gov_of_QC.jpg/160px-438_Sqn_colours_presentation_by_Lt_Gov_of_QC.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/438_Sqn_colours_presentation_by_Lt_Gov_of_QC.jpg/240px-438_Sqn_colours_presentation_by_Lt_Gov_of_QC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/438_Sqn_colours_presentation_by_Lt_Gov_of_QC.jpg/320px-438_Sqn_colours_presentation_by_Lt_Gov_of_QC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2277" data-file-height="2822" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parade_couleurs_Esc_438_RCAF_1961.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Parade_couleurs_Esc_438_RCAF_1961.jpg/305px-Parade_couleurs_Esc_438_RCAF_1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Parade_couleurs_Esc_438_RCAF_1961.jpg/458px-Parade_couleurs_Esc_438_RCAF_1961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Parade_couleurs_Esc_438_RCAF_1961.jpg/610px-Parade_couleurs_Esc_438_RCAF_1961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1946" data-file-height="1242" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:438_SQN_RCAF_DHC_Otters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/438_SQN_RCAF_DHC_Otters.jpg/340px-438_SQN_RCAF_DHC_Otters.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/438_SQN_RCAF_DHC_Otters.jpg/510px-438_SQN_RCAF_DHC_Otters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/438_SQN_RCAF_DHC_Otters.jpg/680px-438_SQN_RCAF_DHC_Otters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1822" data-file-height="1035" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Expeditor would be retained in squadron service until March 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a few years beginning in September 1960, it would share the load with the latest aircraft type assigned to the Wildcats, the sturdy Canadian designed and built <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-3_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter">de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the utility transport role was added <a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue#Canada" title="Search and rescue">Search and Rescue</a> with this new slow but stable platform that could operate from short fields and from bodies of water when fitted with floats.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 1, 1968 the squadron was integrated into the new now <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces">unified Canadian Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 1, 1969 it was once again redesignated, this time as <b>438 Air Reserve Squadron</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-02_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The squadron was heavily involved in air operations and airspace security over the greater Montreal area during the <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Olympic games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main Air Operations Center was located within the unit's main hangar and under the command of Colonel Al Gamble, the ex-commanding officer of 438 Squadron.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Squadron personnel also serviced multiple fighter aircraft and helicopters also involved in security operations.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Light_observation_helicopter">Light observation helicopter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Light observation helicopter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CH136_Kiowa_Gagetown_1991_438_SQN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/CH136_Kiowa_Gagetown_1991_438_SQN.jpg/220px-CH136_Kiowa_Gagetown_1991_438_SQN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/CH136_Kiowa_Gagetown_1991_438_SQN.jpg/330px-CH136_Kiowa_Gagetown_1991_438_SQN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/CH136_Kiowa_Gagetown_1991_438_SQN.jpg/440px-CH136_Kiowa_Gagetown_1991_438_SQN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption>Field maintenance being carried out on Kiowasat <a href="/wiki/CFB_Gagetown" title="CFB Gagetown">CFB Gagetown</a> 1991</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiowa_of_438_Sqn_at_BFC_Valcartier_Summer_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kiowa_of_438_Sqn_at_BFC_Valcartier_Summer_1992.jpg/220px-Kiowa_of_438_Sqn_at_BFC_Valcartier_Summer_1992.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kiowa_of_438_Sqn_at_BFC_Valcartier_Summer_1992.jpg/330px-Kiowa_of_438_Sqn_at_BFC_Valcartier_Summer_1992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kiowa_of_438_Sqn_at_BFC_Valcartier_Summer_1992.jpg/440px-Kiowa_of_438_Sqn_at_BFC_Valcartier_Summer_1992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1479" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>CH-136 Kiowa of 438 Sqn ongoing field maintennace at <a href="/wiki/CFB_Valcartier" title="CFB Valcartier">Valcartier</a> 1992</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:438_sqn_rcaf_ch136_kiowa_1995.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/438_sqn_rcaf_ch136_kiowa_1995.jpg/220px-438_sqn_rcaf_ch136_kiowa_1995.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/438_sqn_rcaf_ch136_kiowa_1995.jpg/330px-438_sqn_rcaf_ch136_kiowa_1995.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/438_sqn_rcaf_ch136_kiowa_1995.jpg/440px-438_sqn_rcaf_ch136_kiowa_1995.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>438 Sqn CH-136 Kiowa on the<br />10 hangar ramp CFB St-Hubert 1995</figcaption></figure> <p>438 Squadron's role radically changed when its first 4 <a href="/wiki/Bell_OH-58_Kiowa#OH-58A" title="Bell OH-58 Kiowa">Bell CH-136 Kiowa</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_Observation_Helicopter" title="Light Observation Helicopter">light observation helicopters</a> (LOH) arrived in January 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last 438 Squadron Otter was retired in February and helicopter conversion training began in earnest.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The squadron would receive a further 5 Kiowas by September of that year, this number would eventually grow to 13 in 1991 with the redistribution of <a href="/wiki/444_Combat_Support_Squadron" title="444 Combat Support Squadron">444 Squadron</a>'s aircraft following its deactivation in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tactical helicopters working in close relation with the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Army</a>, the squadron now mostly flew operations in support of the ground forces and as such, regularly trained with them in yearly <a href="/wiki/Brigade#Canada" title="Brigade">brigade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)#Canada" title="Division (military)">divisional</a> level exercises such as "Rendez-Vous" (RV) or "Noble Lion".<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the overall command of <a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces_in_1989#10_Tactical_Air_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Structure of the Canadian Armed Forces in 1989">10 Tactical Air Group</a> and flying the same aircraft as the many <a href="/wiki/Regular_Force" title="Regular Force">Regular Force</a> squadrons under the same command structure, 438 reserve personnel were now poised to offer an ever-increasing domestic and operationally deployed support to these units.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wildcats, both aircrew and groundcrew deployed to Egypt, Honduras, and Haiti as augmentees.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These opportunities to serve full time at home and abroad for predetermined time periods would multiply exponentially over the coming years. </p><p>Another visible change at the squadron was the application of the term "<a href="/wiki/Military_tactics#Mobility" title="Military tactics">tactical</a>", the unit had to be mobile and operate away from base. A fleet of specialised vehicles soon arrived and all personnel had to familiarize themselves with them and get used to working in the field away from its main infrastructures.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These skills were developed and honed during the many exercises alongside the ground forces.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The unit was only officially redesignated <b>438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron</b> on April 1, 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-438-02_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrival_of_the_Griffon">Arrival of the Griffon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Arrival of the Griffon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1995 brought the new <a href="/wiki/CH146_Griffon" class="mw-redirect" title="CH146 Griffon">CH146 Griffon</a> with its increased capabilities. Squadron cadre aircrews and technicians were sent to the <a href="/wiki/Bell_Textron" title="Bell Textron">Bell Training Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a> to get qualified on this new platform.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This training has since been received at <a href="/wiki/403_Helicopter_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron">403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron</a>. The Wildcats began receiving their nine aircraft one at a time over the summer months.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1996 brought the biggest changes to date. No.1 Tactical Aviation Support Squadron, an air maintenance unit co-located in St-Hubert, was absorbed by 438 Squadron, as was <a href="/wiki/401_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="401 Tactical Fighter Squadron">401 Squadron</a> which had been the <a href="/wiki/CH-136_Kiowa" class="mw-redirect" title="CH-136 Kiowa">CH-136 Kiowa</a> <a href="/wiki/Operational_Training_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational Training Unit">Operational Training Unit</a>. Although only officially disbanded on 1 January 1998, 401 Squadron only remained active on paper.<sup id="cite_ref-438-06_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-06-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With 401 Squadron came the Field Tactical Training Flight, formerly the 3 Field Tactical Training Unit moved to St-Hubert from <a href="/wiki/CFB_Bagotville" title="CFB Bagotville">CFB Bagotville</a> the year before.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This technical school currently located within the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9gep_%C3%89douard-Montpetit#.C3.89cole_nationale_d.27a.C3.A9rotechnique" title="Cégep Édouard-Montpetit">Ecole Nationale d'Aerotechnique</a> also located on the St-Hubert airfield, offers all Griffon related technical training for technicians, maintenance managers, and flight engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of these unit mergers changed the face of the squadron now composed of nearly as many members of the <a href="/wiki/Regular_Force" title="Regular Force">Regular Force</a> as <a href="/wiki/Primary_Reserve" title="Primary Reserve">reservists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simultaneously, <a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces_in_1989#10_Tactical_Air_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Structure of the Canadian Armed Forces in 1989">10 Tactical Air Group</a> was also disbanded and all Tactical helicopter squadrons now found themselves under 1 Wing HQ at <a href="/wiki/CFB_Kingston" title="CFB Kingston">CFB Kingston</a>. </p> <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>438 Sqn operates the CH-146 Griffon since 1995.</b> </th> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>Griffons of 438 Sqn at<br /><a href="/wiki/Otto_Fiord_Formation" title="Otto Fiord Formation">Otto Fiord</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bell_CH-146_Griffon_(412CF),_Canada_-_Air_Force_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bell_CH-146_Griffon_%28412CF%29%2C_Canada_-_Air_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg/395px-Bell_CH-146_Griffon_%28412CF%29%2C_Canada_-_Air_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="395" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bell_CH-146_Griffon_%28412CF%29%2C_Canada_-_Air_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg/593px-Bell_CH-146_Griffon_%28412CF%29%2C_Canada_-_Air_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bell_CH-146_Griffon_%28412CF%29%2C_Canada_-_Air_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg/790px-Bell_CH-146_Griffon_%28412CF%29%2C_Canada_-_Air_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="599" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:438_Sqn_RCAF_at_Otto_Fjord_Nunavut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/438_Sqn_RCAF_at_Otto_Fjord_Nunavut.jpg/185px-438_Sqn_RCAF_at_Otto_Fjord_Nunavut.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/438_Sqn_RCAF_at_Otto_Fjord_Nunavut.jpg/278px-438_Sqn_RCAF_at_Otto_Fjord_Nunavut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/438_Sqn_RCAF_at_Otto_Fjord_Nunavut.jpg/370px-438_Sqn_RCAF_at_Otto_Fjord_Nunavut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operations">Operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Now flying the same aircraft as other 1 Wing units and able to rely on a greater number of full-time personnel, 438 Squadron was called upon to more actively participate in many domestic and international operations, not merely as augmentees but now also as a unit.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since operating on the Griffon, in addition to exercises and their normal duties to ground forces, the Wildcats have regularly flown domestically in support of drug enforcement agencies, in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Arctic" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Arctic">Canadian Arctic</a> from <a href="/wiki/CFS_Alert" title="CFS Alert">CFS Alert</a>, played a major role during the <a href="/wiki/January_1998_North_American_ice_storm" title="January 1998 North American ice storm">1998 Ice Storm</a>, in relief efforts following floods or forest fires in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maritimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritimes">Maritimes</a>, in support of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Canada_by_the_Canadian_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal tours of Canada by the Canadian Royal Family">2002 royal visit to Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8</a> summit in <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, and in Search and rescue support in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, among many other missions in support to the Canadian population.<sup id="cite_ref-438-07_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-07-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As early as 1997, 438 Squadron personnel were deployed to <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1998 saw the Wildcats begin arriving in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, a co-deployment with <a href="/wiki/430_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="430 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">430 Tactical Helicopter Squadron</a> where the Wildcats led a few of the rotations, a first for the unit.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wildcats remained present in Bosnia and <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> until late 2001 either with 438 or as augmentees with other 1 Wing units.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Afghanistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2002 saw the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/CU-161" class="mw-redirect" title="CU-161">CU-161</a> Sperwer <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">drone</a>, a new capability within the <a href="/wiki/RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RCAF">RCAF</a>. Cadre squadron personnel were trained in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. The Wildcats would lead 2 rotations in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> on this reconnaissance platform and would send augmentees to other units during theirs. RCAF CH-146 Griffons and CH-147 Chinooks began operating in combat over <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)">Afghanistan</a> in support of ground troops in January 2009. Although not deployed operationally as a Griffon unit to this conflict, 438 Squadron provided both air and ground crews, operations, and logistical personnel during the entire length of operations of all three platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, Wildcats were in theatre during 16 of the 17 rotations sent to Afghanistan in <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> between 2003 and 2011. </p><p>The aircraft maintenance echelon of 438 Squadron modified the twelve Griffons chosen for operations over Afghanistan during December 2008, prepared them for shipping, and loaded them on RCAF <a href="/wiki/CC-177" class="mw-redirect" title="CC-177">CC-177s</a> for the long trip.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were also responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_maintenance" title="Aircraft maintenance">heavy maintenance</a> and the 60 periodic inspections required over the years to keep the CH-146 flying in theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many unit reservists left their civilian jobs and accepted temporary full-time employment during this time period to ensure the unit met this demanding task with rigid timeframes.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When taking into consideration the relatively small size of the unit, it is worthy of mention that even with personnel on duty abroad and domestic operations<sup id="cite_ref-438-07_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-07-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> still running, that all deadlines were met. The end of operations in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> brought all the Wildcats back home to their normal garrison duties in St-Hubert with returning personnel manning the now almost yearly domestic operations, such as drug enforcement, Arctic resupply, and flood relief. </p> <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>438 Sqn personnel in Afghanistan with Sperwers</b> </th> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> logo</b> </th> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>Sagem CU-161 Sperwer.</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:438_Sqn_personnel_in_Kandahar_Afghanistan_with_Sperwers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/438_Sqn_personnel_in_Kandahar_Afghanistan_with_Sperwers.jpg/570px-438_Sqn_personnel_in_Kandahar_Afghanistan_with_Sperwers.jpg" decoding="async" width="570" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/438_Sqn_personnel_in_Kandahar_Afghanistan_with_Sperwers.jpg/855px-438_Sqn_personnel_in_Kandahar_Afghanistan_with_Sperwers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/438_Sqn_personnel_in_Kandahar_Afghanistan_with_Sperwers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="374" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/300px-Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/400px-Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="394" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sagem_Sperwer_at_Paris_Air_Show_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sagem_Sperwer_at_Paris_Air_Show_2009.jpg/265px-Sagem_Sperwer_at_Paris_Air_Show_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sagem_Sperwer_at_Paris_Air_Show_2009.jpg/398px-Sagem_Sperwer_at_Paris_Air_Show_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sagem_Sperwer_at_Paris_Air_Show_2009.jpg/530px-Sagem_Sperwer_at_Paris_Air_Show_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arctic_rescue">Arctic rescue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Arctic rescue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sauvetage_artctique_esc_438_Juin_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sauvetage_artctique_esc_438_Juin_2013.jpg/220px-Sauvetage_artctique_esc_438_Juin_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sauvetage_artctique_esc_438_Juin_2013.jpg/330px-Sauvetage_artctique_esc_438_Juin_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sauvetage_artctique_esc_438_Juin_2013.jpg/440px-Sauvetage_artctique_esc_438_Juin_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1346" /></a><figcaption>crews of the two CH-146 helicopters with some of the rescuees at Arctic Bay Nunavut - 27 June 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>On 25 June 2013, two 438 Squadron Griffons operating out of <a href="/wiki/Eureka,_Nunavut" title="Eureka, Nunavut">Eureka, Nunavut</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_military_operations#Domestic" title="List of Canadian military operations">Op Nevus</a>, were diverted to assist in what would become one of the largest Arctic rescue missions in Canadian history.<sup id="cite_ref-skiesmag_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skiesmag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two groups, the first composed of some twenty international tourists and guides, the second composed of eleven <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> hunters, became stranded on an ice floe in <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Inlet_(Nunavut)" title="Admiralty Inlet (Nunavut)">Admiralty Inlet</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Bay" title="Arctic Bay">Arctic Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-skiesmag_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skiesmag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aware of the peril they were in, drifting erratically on a deteriorating ice raft, both groups independently triggered their <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> <a href="/wiki/Rescue_beacons" class="mw-redirect" title="Rescue beacons">rescue beacons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CalgaryHerald_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CalgaryHerald-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The RCAF <a href="/wiki/Joint_Rescue_Coordination_Centre_Trenton" title="Joint Rescue Coordination Centre Trenton">Joint Rescue Coordination Centre</a> at <a href="/wiki/CFB_Trenton" title="CFB Trenton">CFB Trenton</a> <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> sprang into action launching a <a href="/wiki/CC-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="CC-130 Hercules">CC-130 Hercules</a> from <a href="/wiki/424_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="424 Transport and Rescue Squadron">424 Transport and Rescue Squadron</a> out of 8 Wing Trenton.<sup id="cite_ref-skiesmag_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skiesmag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/CH-149_Cormorant" class="mw-redirect" title="CH-149 Cormorant">CH-149 Cormorant</a> helicopter from <a href="/wiki/103_Search_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="103 Search and Rescue Squadron">103 Search and Rescue Squadron</a> out of <a href="/wiki/9_Wing_Gander" class="mw-redirect" title="9 Wing Gander">9 Wing Gander</a> <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland</a> began the trip North to assist with the extraction in the event that hoist capabilities were required.<sup id="cite_ref-skiesmag_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skiesmag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seven hours after the initial call for help, the Hercules appeared over the group and dropped three 20-man covered <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(shipboard)#Liferaft_versus_lifeboat" title="Lifeboat (shipboard)">life rafts</a>, survival gear, and satellite phones from its tail gate, and its crew measured the size of the shrinking ice island.<sup id="cite_ref-CalgaryHerald_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CalgaryHerald-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flying conditions, however, were poor, horizontal rain, sleet, fog, low cloud and high winds delayed any air rescue, grounding the CH-149 Cormorant helicopter at <a href="/wiki/Hall_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Hall Beach">Hall Beach</a>, and the two CH-146 Griffon helicopters at <a href="/wiki/Grise_Fiord" title="Grise Fiord">Grise Fiord</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CalgaryHerald_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CalgaryHerald-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weather cleared enough the next day for the Griffons to reach the two groups and extract all 31 people safely in multiple round trip flights to <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Bay" title="Arctic Bay">Arctic Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A rescue for which 438 Squadron would later receive a commendation from the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Joint_Operations_Command" title="Canadian Joint Operations Command">Canadian Joint Operations Command</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_flights">New flights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: New flights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_Griffons_in_field.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_Griffons_in_field.jpg/220px-438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_Griffons_in_field.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_Griffons_in_field.jpg/330px-438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_Griffons_in_field.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_Griffons_in_field.jpg/440px-438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_Griffons_in_field.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="936" /></a><figcaption>438 Squadron CH-146 Griffons being serviced in the field </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:438_SquadronRCAF_emblem_on_CH146_Griffon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/438_SquadronRCAF_emblem_on_CH146_Griffon.jpg/170px-438_SquadronRCAF_emblem_on_CH146_Griffon.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/438_SquadronRCAF_emblem_on_CH146_Griffon.jpg/255px-438_SquadronRCAF_emblem_on_CH146_Griffon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/438_SquadronRCAF_emblem_on_CH146_Griffon.jpg/340px-438_SquadronRCAF_emblem_on_CH146_Griffon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption>Wildcat emblem as displayed on 438 Squadron Griffons </figcaption></figure> <p>2015 brought new challenges to 438 Squadron when the Aviation Tactics Flight (ATF) was transferred from <a href="/wiki/403_Helicopter_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron">403 Squadron</a>. Its mandate is to conduct advanced training at different levels of air tactics preparing future <a href="/wiki/Flight_commander" title="Flight commander">Flight Commanders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operations_(military_staff)" title="Operations (military staff)">Operations Officers</a> for key flying and decision-making positions during operational deployments. The academic portion of the training is followed by an extensive flying phase in the field at bases with large exercise areas. The Wildcats now coincidentally and regularly hone their <a href="/wiki/Fieldcraft" title="Fieldcraft">fieldcraft</a> abilities through their continued support to these successive courses. </p><p>The summer of 2016 saw yet another flight arriving from 403 Squadron, the Land Aviation Test and Evaluation Flight (LATEF). Its mandate is to conduct, on behalf of 1 Wing, operational and tactical testing of land aviation helicopter systems and support equipment, and to propose operational and tactical doctrine where applicable. It is integrally involved in the testing and improvement of <a href="/wiki/CH-146_Griffon" class="mw-redirect" title="CH-146 Griffon">CH-146 Griffon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook#CH-47F" title="Boeing CH-47 Chinook">CH-147F Chinook</a> systems. Although still operating within the 438 Squadron infrastructure and relying on logistical and technical support from the Wildcats, LATEF was transferred to <a href="/wiki/No._434_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 434 Squadron RCAF">434 Squadron</a>, reactivated as a test and evaluation unit in May 2018 and headquartered at <a href="/wiki/CFB_Trenton" title="CFB Trenton">CFB Trenton</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NATO_Mission_Iraq">NATO Mission Iraq</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: NATO Mission Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fall of 2018 brought a surprise to the Wildcats. The squadron would lead and man two consecutive 6-month-long operational deployments to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> in the form of a Tactical Aviation Detachment (TAD) composed of 3 CH-146 Griffons as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact" title="Operation Impact">Operation Impact</a> in support of the new Canadian led <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> Mission Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-438-19_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-19-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following intense pre-deployment training in Canada, the advanced party of the initial rotation (Roto 0) arrived at their new base of operations in early November, <a href="/wiki/Camp_Taji" title="Camp Taji">Camp Taji</a> just north of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, closely followed by the main body at the end of the same month. </p> <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>438 Sqn CH-146 Griffon<br />over Baghdad in 2019</b> </th> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>Tactical Aviation Detachment<br />RCAF emblem</b> </th> <th style="background:#efefef;"><b>438 Sqn personnel visiting their counterparts<br />of 2 Sqn Iraqi Army Air Corps at Taji Iraq in 2019</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_over_Baghdad_in_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_over_Baghdad_in_2019.jpg/300px-438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_over_Baghdad_in_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_over_Baghdad_in_2019.jpg/450px-438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_over_Baghdad_in_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_over_Baghdad_in_2019.jpg/600px-438_Sqn_RCAF_CH146_over_Baghdad_in_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1862" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:438_ETAH_NATO_Mission_Iraq_RCAF_Tac_Air_Det_emblem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/438_ETAH_NATO_Mission_Iraq_RCAF_Tac_Air_Det_emblem.jpg/220px-438_ETAH_NATO_Mission_Iraq_RCAF_Tac_Air_Det_emblem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/438_ETAH_NATO_Mission_Iraq_RCAF_Tac_Air_Det_emblem.jpg/330px-438_ETAH_NATO_Mission_Iraq_RCAF_Tac_Air_Det_emblem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/438_ETAH_NATO_Mission_Iraq_RCAF_Tac_Air_Det_emblem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="422" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:438_Sqn_rcaf_at_Taji_Iraq_with_Iraqi_Army_Air_2_Sqn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/438_Sqn_rcaf_at_Taji_Iraq_with_Iraqi_Army_Air_2_Sqn.jpg/330px-438_Sqn_rcaf_at_Taji_Iraq_with_Iraqi_Army_Air_2_Sqn.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/438_Sqn_rcaf_at_Taji_Iraq_with_Iraqi_Army_Air_2_Sqn.jpg/495px-438_Sqn_rcaf_at_Taji_Iraq_with_Iraqi_Army_Air_2_Sqn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/438_Sqn_rcaf_at_Taji_Iraq_with_Iraqi_Army_Air_2_Sqn.jpg/660px-438_Sqn_rcaf_at_Taji_Iraq_with_Iraqi_Army_Air_2_Sqn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1932" data-file-height="1289" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Through ingenuity, initiative, and risk management, the Wildcats were able to begin flying operations within a mere two weeks of hitting the ground. Tactical air transport being the only safe means of travel between the multiple training areas, this Canadian asset was crucial to the initial phases and remained critical to the success of this multinational endeavor.<sup id="cite_ref-438-19_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-19-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roto 1 took over from Roto 0 in mid-June 2019 and faced the high summer desert heat. During their near 13 months in theatre, the Wildcats airlifted over 3,100 personnel and 21,000 lbs of cargo. <a href="/wiki/408_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">408 Squadron</a> from <a href="/wiki/CFB_Edmonton" title="CFB Edmonton">CFB Edmonton</a> took over the reins of the TAD from 438 in December with the last Wildcat returning home on the 21st. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="438_Squadron_Band">438 Squadron Band</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 438 Squadron Band"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the very beginning, albeit with a lull during the war years, military music has been present in the activities of the Wildcats. From a small bugle and drum corps in the 1930s, to a brass and reed band in the 1960s, to the present full 35 piece professional military band. Their reserve status notwithstanding, the members of the 438 Squadron Band are all professional musicians with many possessing remarkable academic achievements in their field. </p><p>They have over the years, and continue to offer to this day, countless highly praised concerts and have also performed in high-profile media events varying from the televised openings of professional football and hockey games to the official opening ceremony of the new <a href="/wiki/Champlain_Bridge,_Montreal_(2019%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Champlain Bridge, Montreal (2019–present)">Samuel de Champlain bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> in 2019. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:118_Squadron_RCAF_Drum_%26_Bugle_Band_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="118 Squadron Drum & Bugle Band in 1939"><img alt="118 Squadron Drum & Bugle Band in 1939" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/118_Squadron_RCAF_Drum_%26_Bugle_Band_1939.jpg/293px-118_Squadron_RCAF_Drum_%26_Bugle_Band_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/118_Squadron_RCAF_Drum_%26_Bugle_Band_1939.jpg/439px-118_Squadron_RCAF_Drum_%26_Bugle_Band_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/118_Squadron_RCAF_Drum_%26_Bugle_Band_1939.jpg/586px-118_Squadron_RCAF_Drum_%26_Bugle_Band_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1748" data-file-height="1075" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">118 Squadron Drum & Bugle Band in 1939</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 159.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 157.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:438_Squadron_RCAF_Band_1960s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="438 Squadron Band in the 1950"><img alt="438 Squadron Band in the 1950" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/438_Squadron_RCAF_Band_1960s.jpg/236px-438_Squadron_RCAF_Band_1960s.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/438_Squadron_RCAF_Band_1960s.jpg/354px-438_Squadron_RCAF_Band_1960s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/438_Squadron_RCAF_Band_1960s.jpg/472px-438_Squadron_RCAF_Band_1960s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="1095" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">438 Squadron Band in the 1950</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:438_band_Champlain_bridge_opening_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="438 Squadron Band at the opening of the Champlain bridge in Montreal - 2019"><img alt="438 Squadron Band at the opening of the Champlain bridge in Montreal - 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/438_band_Champlain_bridge_opening_ceremony.jpg/270px-438_band_Champlain_bridge_opening_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/438_band_Champlain_bridge_opening_ceremony.jpg/405px-438_band_Champlain_bridge_opening_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/438_band_Champlain_bridge_opening_ceremony.jpg/540px-438_band_Champlain_bridge_opening_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="1134" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">438 Squadron Band at the opening of the Champlain bridge in Montreal - 2019</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commanding_officers">Commanding officers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Commanding officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilson_in_Scotland_on_Hurricane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Wilson_in_Scotland_on_Hurricane.jpg/170px-Wilson_in_Scotland_on_Hurricane.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Wilson_in_Scotland_on_Hurricane.jpg/255px-Wilson_in_Scotland_on_Hurricane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Wilson_in_Scotland_on_Hurricane.jpg/340px-Wilson_in_Scotland_on_Hurricane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Acting Squadron Leader Peter Wilson. CO 438 Sqn killed in action on 1 January 1945</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hogg_on_typhoon_in_eindhoven.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hogg_on_typhoon_in_eindhoven.jpg/170px-Hogg_on_typhoon_in_eindhoven.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hogg_on_typhoon_in_eindhoven.jpg/255px-Hogg_on_typhoon_in_eindhoven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hogg_on_typhoon_in_eindhoven.jpg/340px-Hogg_on_typhoon_in_eindhoven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption>Squadron Leader James Easson Hogg, DFC. CO 438 Sqn killed in flying accident on 23 March 1945</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beirnes_in_scotland_on_hurricane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Beirnes_in_scotland_on_hurricane.jpg/170px-Beirnes_in_scotland_on_hurricane.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Beirnes_in_scotland_on_hurricane.jpg/255px-Beirnes_in_scotland_on_hurricane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Beirnes_in_scotland_on_hurricane.jpg/340px-Beirnes_in_scotland_on_hurricane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>Squadron Leader Jack Rife Beirnes, DFC & bar. CO 438 Sqn killed in flying accident on 1 June 1945</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squadron_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Squadron Leader">Squadron Leader</a> Marcel C. Dubuc (12 May 1936 - 31 August 1939)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Squadron Leader Adelard Raymond, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">C.B.E.</a> (1 September 1939 - 29 July 1940)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight Lieutenant">Flight Lieutenant</a> Guy Vadboncoeur (30 July 1940 - 27 September 1940)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Flight Lieutenant Eric Walter Beardmore (13 December 1940 - 4 April 1941)<sup id="cite_ref-438-08_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-08-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing commander (rank)">Wing Commander</a> Ernest Archibald McNab <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">O.B.E.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">D.F.C.</a> (5 April 1941 - 22 July 1941)<sup id="cite_ref-438-09_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-09-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Squadron Leader <a href="/wiki/Hartland_Molson" title="Hartland Molson">Hartland de Montarville Molson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">O.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">O.B.E.</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Quebec" title="National Order of Quebec">Q.C.</a> (23 July 1941 - 14 June 1942)<sup id="cite_ref-438-10_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-10-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (June 2020)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Squadron Leader Arthur McLeod Yuile (15 June 1942 - 27 February 1943)<sup id="cite_ref-438-11_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-11-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Squadron Leader Frank George Grant, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">D.S.O.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">D.F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croix_de_Guerre_1939%E2%80%931945" title="Croix de Guerre 1939–1945">Croix de Guerre (France)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airman%27s_Cross" title="Airman's Cross">Airman's Cross</a> (<a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>) (28 February 1943 - 28 July 1944)<sup id="cite_ref-438-12_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-12-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Squadron Leader <a href="/wiki/Jack_Rife_Beirnes" title="Jack Rife Beirnes">Jack Rife Beirnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">D.F.C.</a> & Bar (29 July 1944 - 13 October 1944)<sup id="cite_ref-438-13_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-13-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Squadron Leader Ross Frederick Reid, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">D.F.C.</a> (14 October 1944 - 30 December 1944)<sup id="cite_ref-438-14_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-14-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acting_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting (rank)">Acting</a> Squadron Leader Peter Wilson (31 December 1944– <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">KIA</a> 1 January 1945)<sup id="cite_ref-438-15_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-15-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Squadron Leader Ross Frederick Reid, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">D.F.C.</a> (1 to 19 Janvier 1945)<sup id="cite_ref-438-14_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-14-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Squadron Leader James Easson Hogg, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">D.F.C.</a> (20 Janvier 1945 - KIA 23 March 1945)<sup id="cite_ref-438-16_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-16-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Flight Lieutenant Robert Edward Spooner, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">D.F.C.</a> (23 March 1945 - 5 April 1945)<sup id="cite_ref-438-17_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-17-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Squadron Leader <a href="/wiki/Jack_Rife_Beirnes" title="Jack Rife Beirnes">Jack Rife Beirnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">D.F.C.</a> & Bar (6 April 1945– <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">KIA</a> 1 June 1945)<sup id="cite_ref-438-13_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-13-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Squadron Leader Paul Bissky (4 June 1945 - 26 August 1945)<sup id="cite_ref-438-18_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-18-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wing Commander Claude Hebert, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">D.F.C.</a> (15 April 1946 - 14 May 1950)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wing Commander Andre Rene Morrissette, <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)">A.F.C.</a> (15 May 1950 - 14 February 1952)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wing Commander Guy Valois (15 February 1952 - 14 February 1955)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wing Commander Al Gauthier, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (15 February 1955 - 14 November 1960)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wing Commander Laurent Gagne, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (15 November 1960 - 31 October 1963)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wing Commander James Fischer, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (1 November 1963 - 30 August 1967)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wing Commander Al Gamble, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (31 August 1967 - 31 January 1968)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> John Perodeau, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (1968–1973)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Herb Laviolette, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (1973–1974)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Gerry McDougall, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (1974–1977)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Peter Carver, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (1977–1979)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Jean Cadorel, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (1979 - 6 December 1981)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Ed McKeogh, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (6 December 1981 - 1 October 1983)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Pierre Beauchamp, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (1 October 1983 - 19 January 1986)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel John Guimond, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (19 January 1986 - 31 March 1990)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Henri Cardinal, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (31 March 1990 - 13 June 1993)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Gilles Trepanier, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (13 June 1993 - 23 April 1994)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a> Daniel Poirier, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (3 April 1994 - 22 June 1996)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Jean-Marc Hivon, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (22 June 1996 - 20 March 1999)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Jean Egan, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (20 March 1999 - 18 August 2001)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Michel Desgroseillers, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (18 August 2001 - 27 August 2005)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Luc Martineau, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (27 August 2005 - 14 August 2010)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Rene Therrien, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (14 August 2010 - 15 June 2012)</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Pierre Barma, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (15 June 2012 - 27 June 2014)</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Gilbert L. McCauley, <a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Service_Medal_(Canada)" title="Meritorious Service Medal (Canada)">MSM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (27 June 2014 - 23 June 2016)</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Martin Pesant, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a> (23 June 2016 – 24 May 2018)</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Martin Houle, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a>, (24 May 2018 to 7 July 2020)</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Stéphane St-Onge, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a>, (7 July 2020 to 29 June 2023)</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Dominique Bertrand, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">C.D.</a>, (29 June 2023 to present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Squadron_aircraft">Squadron aircraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Squadron aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">de Havilland DH.60 Moth</a> (May 1936 - September 1939)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Shark" title="Blackburn Shark">Blackburn Shark</a> (October 1939–September 1940)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_Atlas" title="Armstrong Whitworth Atlas">Armstrong Whitworth Atlas</a> (October 1939–September 1940)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Lysander" title="Westland Lysander">Westland Lysander</a> (October 1939–September 1940)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wapiti" title="Westland Wapiti">Westland Wapiti</a> (October 1939-January 1940)<sup id="cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCAF_Micro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Goblin" class="mw-redirect" title="Grumman Goblin">Grumman Goblin</a> (December 1940–December 1941)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCAF_Micro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Kittyhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtiss Kittyhawk">Curtiss Kittyhawk</a> Mk.I (October 1941–October 1943)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCAF_Micro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane_variants#Sea_Hurricanes" title="Hawker Hurricane variants">Hawker Sea Hurricane</a> (November 1941-April 1942)<sup id="cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCAF_Micro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a> (November 1943–March 1944)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Typhoon" title="Hawker Typhoon">Hawker Typhoon</a> Mk.IB (January 1944–August 1945)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Harvard">North American Harvard</a> (November 1941-October 1943 and November 1946–March 1948)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCAF_Micro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">de Havilland Vampire</a> (April 1948–September 1954)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadair_CT-133_Silver_Star" title="Canadair CT-133 Silver Star">Canadair CT-133 Silver Star</a> (November 1954–September 1958)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadair_Sabre" title="Canadair Sabre">Canadair Sabre</a> (October 1956–November 1958)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Expeditor" class="mw-redirect" title="Beechcraft Expeditor">Beechcraft Expeditor</a> (November 1958–March 1964)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-3_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter">CSR-123 Otter</a> (September 1960 – 1981)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book01_2-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_OH-58_Kiowa#OH-58A" title="Bell OH-58 Kiowa">CH-136 Kiowa</a> (1981–1995)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CH-146_Griffon" class="mw-redirect" title="CH-146 Griffon">CH-146 Griffon</a> (1995 to present)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CU-161" class="mw-redirect" title="CU-161">Sagem CU-161 Sperwer</a> (2002–2009)<sup id="cite_ref-438-book02_3-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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title="List of Royal Canadian Air Force squadrons">List of Royal Canadian Air Force squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada" title="Military history of Canada">Military history of Canada</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-438-01-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-438-01_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-01_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130906101956/http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/en/1-wing/438-squadron.page">"438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron"</a>. Royal Canadian Air Force. 2013-07-15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/en/1-wing/438-squadron.page">the original</a> on 2013-09-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron&rft.pub=Royal+Canadian+Air+Force&rft.date=2013-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca%2Fen%2F1-wing%2F438-squadron.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438-book01-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-48"><sup><i><b>aw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-49"><sup><i><b>ax</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-50"><sup><i><b>ay</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-51"><sup><i><b>az</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-52"><sup><i><b>ba</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-53"><sup><i><b>bb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-54"><sup><i><b>bc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-55"><sup><i><b>bd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-56"><sup><i><b>be</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-57"><sup><i><b>bf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-58"><sup><i><b>bg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-59"><sup><i><b>bh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book01_2-60"><sup><i><b>bi</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKostenukGriffin1977" class="citation book cs1">Kostenuk, Samuel; Griffin, John (1977). <i>RCAF Squadron Histories and Aircraft 1924-1968</i>. Toronto: National Museum of Man Canada. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88866-577-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-88866-577-6"><bdi>0-88866-577-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RCAF+Squadron+Histories+and+Aircraft+1924-1968&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=National+Museum+of+Man+Canada&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-88866-577-6&rft.aulast=Kostenuk&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.au=Griffin%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438-book02-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-48"><sup><i><b>aw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-49"><sup><i><b>ax</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-50"><sup><i><b>ay</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-51"><sup><i><b>az</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-52"><sup><i><b>ba</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-53"><sup><i><b>bb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-54"><sup><i><b>bc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-55"><sup><i><b>bd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-56"><sup><i><b>be</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-57"><sup><i><b>bf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-58"><sup><i><b>bg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-59"><sup><i><b>bh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-60"><sup><i><b>bi</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-61"><sup><i><b>bj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-62"><sup><i><b>bk</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-63"><sup><i><b>bl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-64"><sup><i><b>bm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-65"><sup><i><b>bn</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-66"><sup><i><b>bo</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-67"><sup><i><b>bp</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-68"><sup><i><b>bq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-69"><sup><i><b>br</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-70"><sup><i><b>bs</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-71"><sup><i><b>bt</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-book02_3-72"><sup><i><b>bu</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFieldenPratt2010" class="citation book cs1">Fielden, Jerry; Pratt, Michel (2010). <i>Le 438e Escadron tactique d'hélicoptères "Cité de Montréal""</i>. Longueuil: Éditions Histoire Québec. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-89586-050-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-89586-050-1"><bdi>978-2-89586-050-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+438e+Escadron+tactique+d%27h%C3%A9licopt%C3%A8res+%22Cit%C3%A9+de+Montr%C3%A9al%22%22&rft.place=Longueuil&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Histoire+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-2-89586-050-1&rft.aulast=Fielden&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.au=Pratt%2C+Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438-02-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-438-02_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-02_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-02_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-02_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-02_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-02_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-02_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-02_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-02_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-02_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221060122/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/his/ol-lo/vol-tom-4/7009-eng.asp">"438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron&rft.pub=Canadian+Armed+Forces+-+Director+History+and+Heritage&rft.date=2009-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca%2Fdhh-dhp%2Fhis%2Fol-lo%2Fvol-tom-4%2F7009-eng.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RCAF_Micro-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCAF_Micro_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/5sxry9e0ynj5km7/Microfilm%20index_2015_11_06.xlsx?dl=0">"Online Canadian military microfilms"</a>. 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(1986). <i>The Creation of a National Air Force: The Official History of The Royal Canadian Air Force, Volume II</i>. T: University of Toronto Press. p. 797. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-2584-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-2584-6"><bdi>0-8020-2584-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Creation+of+a+National+Air+Force%3A+The+Official+History+of+The+Royal+Canadian+Air+Force%2C+Volume+II&rft.place=T&rft.pages=797&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-8020-2584-6&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=W.A.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438-Scale-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-438-Scale_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-Scale_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-Scale_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ascalecanadian.com/2015/06/the-sea-hurricane-in-canada.html">"The Sea Hurricane in Canada"</a>. A Scale Canadian. 2015-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sea+Hurricane+in+Canada&rft.pub=A+Scale+Canadian&rft.date=2015-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ascalecanadian.com%2F2015%2F06%2Fthe-sea-hurricane-in-canada.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438-book03-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-438-book03_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane_HerderHwee2019" class="citation book cs1">Lane Herder, Brian; Hwee, Dorothy (19 March 2019). <i>The Aleutians 1942–43: Struggle for the North Pacific</i>. Osprey Publishing. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1472832542" title="Special:BookSources/978-1472832542"><bdi>978-1472832542</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aleutians+1942%E2%80%9343%3A+Struggle+for+the+North+Pacific&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft.isbn=978-1472832542&rft.aulast=Lane+Herder&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Hwee%2C+Dorothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438-03-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-438-03_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-03_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-03_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aircrewremembered.com/ParadieArchiveDatabase/?q=438">"Paradie RCAF Database 438 Squadron"</a>. 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Canadian Government. 2018-12-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OPERATION+IMPACT&rft.pub=Canadian+Government&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fdepartment-national-defence%2Fservices%2Foperations%2Fmilitary-operations%2Fcurrent-operations%2Foperation-impact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438-08-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-438-08_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aircrewremembered.com/ParadieArchiveDatabase/?q=beardmore">"Paradie RCAF Database"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paradie+RCAF+Database&rft.pub=Aircrew+Remembered&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aircrewremembered.com%2FParadieArchiveDatabase%2F%3Fq%3Dyuile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438-12-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-438-12_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aircrewremembered.com/ParadieArchiveDatabase/?q=5056">"Paradie RCAF Database"</a>. Aircrew Remembered. 2019-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paradie+RCAF+Database&rft.pub=Aircrew+Remembered&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aircrewremembered.com%2FParadieArchiveDatabase%2F%3Fq%3D13458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438-14-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-438-14_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-438-14_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aircrewremembered.com/ParadieArchiveDatabase/?q=9936">"Paradie RCAF Database"</a>. Aircrew Remembered. 2019-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paradie+RCAF+Database&rft.pub=Aircrew+Remembered&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aircrewremembered.com%2FParadieArchiveDatabase%2F%3Fq%3D9936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438-15-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-438-15_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aircrewremembered.com/ParadieArchiveDatabase/?q=9876">"Paradie RCAF Database"</a>. Aircrew Remembered. 2019-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paradie+RCAF+Database&rft.pub=Aircrew+Remembered&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aircrewremembered.com%2FParadieArchiveDatabase%2F%3Fq%3D9876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438-16-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-438-16_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aircrewremembered.com/ParadieArchiveDatabase/?q=21119">"Paradie RCAF Database"</a>. Aircrew Remembered. 2019-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paradie+RCAF+Database&rft.pub=Aircrew+Remembered&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aircrewremembered.com%2FParadieArchiveDatabase%2F%3Fq%3D21119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438-17-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-438-17_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aircrewremembered.com/ParadieArchiveDatabase/?q=23538">"Paradie RCAF Database"</a>. Aircrew Remembered. 2019-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paradie+RCAF+Database&rft.pub=Aircrew+Remembered&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aircrewremembered.com%2FParadieArchiveDatabase%2F%3Fq%3D23538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438-18-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-438-18_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aircrewremembered.com/ParadieArchiveDatabase/?q=5833">"Paradie RCAF Database"</a>. Aircrew Remembered. 2019-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paradie+RCAF+Database&rft.pub=Aircrew+Remembered&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aircrewremembered.com%2FParadieArchiveDatabase%2F%3Fq%3D5833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=438_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130906101956/http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/en/1-wing/438-squadron.page">"438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron"</a>. <i>Royal Canadian Air Force</i>. 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/en/1-wing/438-squadron.page">the original</a> on 2013-09-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Canadian+Air+Force&rft.atitle=438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca%2Fen%2F1-wing%2F438-squadron.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920041352/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/his/ol-lo/vol-tom-4/7009-eng.asp">"438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron"</a>. <i>CMP Directorate of History and Heritage</i>. 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/his/ol-lo/vol-tom-4/7009-eng.asp">the original</a> on 2012-09-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CMP+Directorate+of+History+and+Heritage&rft.atitle=438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca%2Fdhh-dhp%2Fhis%2Fol-lo%2Fvol-tom-4%2F7009-eng.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadianwings.com/Squadrons/squadronDetail.php?No.-438-Squadron-94">"No. 438 Squadron"</a>. <i>canadianwings.com</i>. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=canadianwings.com&rft.atitle=No.+438+Squadron&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadianwings.com%2FSquadrons%2FsquadronDetail.php%3FNo.-438-Squadron-94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.junobeach.org/e/4/can-tac-air-fig-438-e.htm">"438 Squadron Operations Record Book, June 1944"</a>. <i>Juno Beach Centre</i>. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Juno+Beach+Centre&rft.atitle=438+Squadron+Operations+Record+Book%2C+June+1944&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.junobeach.org%2Fe%2F4%2Fcan-tac-air-fig-438-e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A438+Tactical+Helicopter+Squadron" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> units</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Kingston" title="CFB Kingston">1 Wing Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Bagotville" title="CFB Bagotville">2 Wing Bagotville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Bagotville" title="CFB Bagotville">3 Wing Bagotville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Cold_Lake" title="CFB Cold Lake">4 Wing Cold Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Goose_Bay" title="CFB Goose Bay">5 Wing Goose Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Trenton" title="CFB Trenton">8 Wing Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Gander" title="CFB Gander">9 Wing Gander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Shearwater" class="mw-redirect" title="CFB Shearwater">12 Wing Shearwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Greenwood" title="CFB Greenwood">14 Wing Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Moose_Jaw" title="CFB Moose Jaw">15 Wing Moose Jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Borden" title="CFB Borden">16 Wing Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Winnipeg" title="CFB Winnipeg">17 Wing Winnipeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Comox" title="CFB Comox">19 Wing Comox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_North_Bay" title="CFB North Bay">22 Wing North Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Squadrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21_Aerospace_Control_and_Warning_Squadron" title="21 Aerospace Control and Warning Squadron">21 Aerospace Control and Warning Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42_Radar_Squadron" title="42 Radar Squadron">42 Radar Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51_Aerospace_Control_and_Warning_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="51 Aerospace Control and Warning Operational Training Squadron">51 Aerospace Control and Warning Operational Training Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103_Search_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="103 Search and Rescue Squadron">103 Search and Rescue Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/400_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/401_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="401 Tactical Fighter Squadron">401 Tactical Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/402_Squadron" title="402 Squadron">402 Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/403_Helicopter_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron">403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/404_Long_Range_Patrol_and_Training_Squadron" title="404 Long Range Patrol and Training Squadron">404 Long Range Patrol and Training Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/405_Long_Range_Patrol_Squadron" title="405 Long Range Patrol Squadron">405 Long Range Patrol Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/406_Maritime_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron">406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/407_Long_Range_Patrol_Squadron" title="407 Long Range Patrol Squadron">407 Long Range Patrol Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/408_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/409_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="409 Tactical Fighter Squadron">409 Tactical Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/410_Tactical_Fighter_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Squadron">410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/412_Transport_Squadron" title="412 Transport Squadron">412 Transport Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/413_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="413 Transport and Rescue Squadron">413 Transport and Rescue Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/414_Electronic_Warfare_Support_Squadron" title="414 Electronic Warfare Support Squadron">414 Electronic Warfare Support Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/415_Long_Range_Patrol_Force_Development_Squadron" title="415 Long Range Patrol Force Development Squadron">415 Long Range Patrol Force Development Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/417_Combat_Support_Squadron" title="417 Combat Support Squadron">417 Combat Support Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/423_Maritime_Helicopter_Squadron" title="423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron">423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/424_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="424 Transport and Rescue Squadron">424 Transport and Rescue Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/425_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="425 Tactical Fighter Squadron">425 Tactical Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/426_Transport_Training_Squadron" title="426 Transport Training Squadron">426 Transport Training Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/429_Transport_Squadron" title="429 Transport Squadron">429 Transport Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/430_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="430 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">430 Tactical Helicopter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/433_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="433 Tactical Fighter Squadron">433 Tactical Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/435_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="435 Transport and Rescue Squadron">435 Transport and Rescue Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/436_Transport_Squadron" title="436 Transport Squadron">436 Transport Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/437_Transport_Squadron" title="437 Transport Squadron">437 Transport Squadron</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/439_Combat_Support_Squadron" title="439 Combat Support Squadron">439 Combat Support Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/440_Transport_Squadron" title="440 Transport Squadron">440 Transport Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/442_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="442 Transport and Rescue Squadron">442 Transport and Rescue Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/443_Maritime_Helicopter_Squadron" title="443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron">443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/444_Combat_Support_Squadron" title="444 Combat Support Squadron">444 Combat Support Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/450_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="450 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">450 Tactical Helicopter Squadron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Template:Royal Canadian Air Force"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_Canadian_Air_Force_stations" title="Category:Royal Canadian Air Force stations">Installations</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_Canada%27s_air_forces" title="List of aircraft of Canada's air forces">List of aircraft</a></dt></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force#Wings" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Wings</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/CFB_Kingston" title="CFB Kingston">1 Wing Kingston</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CFB_Bagotville" title="CFB Bagotville">3 Wing Bagotville</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CFB_Cold_Lake" title="CFB Cold Lake">4 Wing Cold Lake</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CFB_Goose_Bay" title="CFB Goose Bay">5 Wing Goose Bay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CFB_Trenton" title="CFB Trenton">8 Wing Trenton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CFB_Gander" title="CFB Gander">9 Wing Gander</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CFB_Shearwater" class="mw-redirect" title="CFB Shearwater">12 Wing Shearwater</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CFB_Greenwood" title="CFB Greenwood">14 Wing Greenwood</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CFB_Moose_Jaw" title="CFB Moose Jaw">15 Wing Moose Jaw</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CFB_Borden" title="CFB Borden">16 Wing Borden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CFB_Winnipeg" title="CFB Winnipeg">17 Wing Winnipeg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CFB_Comox" title="CFB Comox">19 Wing Comox</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CFB_North_Bay" title="CFB North Bay">22 Wing North Bay</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Canadian_Air_Force_squadrons" title="List of Royal Canadian Air Force squadrons">List of Squadrons</a></dt></dl> <dl><dt>Training</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_School_of_Aerospace_Technology_and_Engineering" title="Canadian Forces School of Aerospace Technology and Engineering">Canadian Forces School of Aerospace Technology and Engineering</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force_Academy" title="Royal Canadian Air Force Academy">Royal Canadian Air Force Academy</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>History</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aviation_Corps" title="Canadian Aviation Corps">Canadian Aviation Corps</a> (1914–1915)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Air_Force_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Canadian Air Force (1918–1920)">Canadian Air Force</a> (1918–1920)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Air_Force_(1920%E2%80%931924)" title="Canadian Air Force (1920–1924)">Canadian Air Force</a> (1920–1924)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> (1924–1968)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Canadian Forces Air Command</a> (1975–2011)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> (2011–present)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px_Royal_Canadian_Air_Force_squadrons" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:RCAF_Squadrons" title="Template:RCAF Squadrons"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RCAF_Squadrons" title="Template talk:RCAF Squadrons"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RCAF_Squadrons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:RCAF Squadrons"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px_Royal_Canadian_Air_Force_squadrons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Roundel_of_Canada.svg/15px-Roundel_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Roundel_of_Canada.svg/23px-Roundel_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Roundel_of_Canada.svg/30px-Roundel_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Canadian_Air_Force_squadrons" title="List of Royal Canadian Air Force squadrons">squadrons</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Squadron<br />numbers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-WWII Squadrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/401_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="401 Tactical Fighter Squadron">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._2_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 2 Squadron RCAF">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._3_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 3 Squadron RCAF">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._4_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 4 Squadron RCAF">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._5_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 5 Squadron RCAF">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._6_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 6 Squadron RCAF">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._7_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 7 Squadron RCAF">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._8_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 8 Squadron RCAF">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._9_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 9 Squadron RCAF">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._10_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 10 Squadron RCAF">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._11_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 11 Squadron RCAF">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/412_Transport_Squadron" title="412 Transport Squadron">12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._13_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 13 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/442_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="442 Transport and Rescue Squadron">14</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100-series squadrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/400_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/440_Transport_Squadron" title="440 Transport Squadron">111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/402_Squadron" title="402 Squadron">112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._113_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 113 Squadron RCAF">113</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._114_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 114 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._115_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 115 Squadron RCAF">115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._116_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 116 Squadron RCAF">116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._117_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 117 Squadron RCAF">117</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._119_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 119 Squadron RCAF">119</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._120_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 120 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">120</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._121_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 121 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">121</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._122_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 122 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/439_Combat_Support_Squadron" title="439 Combat Support Squadron">123</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._124_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 124 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/441_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="441 Tactical Fighter Squadron">125</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._126_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 126 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/443_Maritime_Helicopter_Squadron" title="443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron">127</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._128_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 128 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">128</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._129_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 129 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">129</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._130_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 130 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">130</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._131_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 131 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">131</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._132_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 132 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">132</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._133_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 133 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">133</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._134_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 134 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">134</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._135_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 135 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._145_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 145 Squadron RCAF">145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._147_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 147 Squadron RCAF">147</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._149_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 149 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">149</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._160_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 160 Squadron RCAF">160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._161_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 161 Squadron RCAF">161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._162_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 162 Squadron RCAF">162</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._163_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 163 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._164_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 164 Squadron RCAF">164</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._165_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 165 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">165</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._166_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 166 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">166</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._167_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 167 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">167</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._168_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 168 Squadron RCAF">168</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._170_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 170 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">170</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">WW2 400-series<br /><a href="/wiki/Article_XV_squadrons" title="Article XV squadrons">Article XV</a> squadrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/400_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/401_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="401 Tactical Fighter Squadron">401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/402_Squadron" title="402 Squadron">402</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/403_Helicopter_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron">403</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/404_Long_Range_Patrol_and_Training_Squadron" title="404 Long Range Patrol and Training Squadron">404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/405_Long_Range_Patrol_Squadron" title="405 Long Range Patrol Squadron">405</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/406_Maritime_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron">406</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/407_Long_Range_Patrol_Squadron" title="407 Long Range Patrol Squadron">407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/408_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/409_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="409 Tactical Fighter Squadron">409</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/410_Tactical_Fighter_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Squadron">410</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._411_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 411 Squadron RCAF">411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/412_Transport_Squadron" title="412 Transport Squadron">412</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/413_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="413 Transport and Rescue Squadron">413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/414_Electronic_Warfare_Support_Squadron" title="414 Electronic Warfare Support Squadron">414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/415_Long_Range_Patrol_Force_Development_Squadron" title="415 Long Range Patrol Force Development Squadron">415</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/416_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="416 Tactical Fighter Squadron">416</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/417_Combat_Support_Squadron" title="417 Combat Support Squadron">417</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/418_Search_and_Rescue_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="418 Search and Rescue Operational Training Squadron">418</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/419_Tactical_Fighter_Training_Squadron" title="419 Tactical Fighter Training Squadron">419</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._420_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 420 Squadron RCAF">420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._421_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 421 Squadron RCAF">421</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._422_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 422 Squadron RCAF">422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/423_Maritime_Helicopter_Squadron" title="423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron">423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/424_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="424 Transport and Rescue Squadron">424</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/425_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="425 Tactical Fighter Squadron">425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/426_Transport_Training_Squadron" title="426 Transport Training Squadron">426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/427_Special_Operations_Aviation_Squadron" title="427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron">427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._428_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 428 Squadron RCAF">428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/429_Transport_Squadron" title="429 Transport Squadron">429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/430_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="430 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowbirds_(aerobatic_team)" title="Snowbirds (aerobatic team)">431</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._432_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 432 Squadron RCAF">432</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/433_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="433 Tactical Fighter Squadron">433</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/434_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Squadron" title="434 Operational Test and Evaluation Squadron">434</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/435_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="435 Transport and Rescue Squadron">435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/436_Transport_Squadron" title="436 Transport Squadron">436</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/437_Transport_Squadron" title="437 Transport Squadron">437</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/439_Combat_Support_Squadron" title="439 Combat Support Squadron">439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/440_Transport_Squadron" title="440 Transport Squadron">440</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/441_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="441 Tactical Fighter Squadron">441</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/442_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="442 Transport and Rescue Squadron">442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/443_Maritime_Helicopter_Squadron" title="443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron">443</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">WW2 600-series<br /><abbr title="Air Observation Post">AOP</abbr> squadrons<sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._664_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 664 Squadron RCAF">664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._665_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 665 Squadron RCAF">665</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._666_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 666 Squadron RCAF">666</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-war squadrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/103_Search_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="103 Search and Rescue Squadron">103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/444_Combat_Support_Squadron" title="444 Combat Support Squadron">444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._445_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 445 Squadron RCAF">445</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._446_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 446 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">446</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._447_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 447 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">447</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._448_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 448 Squadron RCAF">448</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._449_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 449 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/450_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="450 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">450</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Squadron<br />codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">WW2 Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1 August 1939 - May 1942</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._110_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 110 Squadron RCAF">AY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._115_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 115 Squadron RCAF">BK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._113_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 113 Squadron RCAF">BT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._119_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 119 Squadron RCAF">DM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._117_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 117 Squadron RCAF">EX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._114_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 114 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">FD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._4_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 4 Squadron RCAF">FY</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._121_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 121 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">JY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._9_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 9 Squadron RCAF">KA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._2_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 2 Squadron RCAF">KO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._7_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 7 Squadron RCAF">LT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._120_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 120 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">MX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._1_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 1 Squadron RCAF">NA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._3_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 3 Squadron RCAF">OP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._11_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 11 Squadron RCAF">OY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._10_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 10 Squadron RCAF">PB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._5_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 5 Squadron RCAF">QN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._118_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 118 Squadron RCAF">RE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._111_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 111 Squadron RCAF">TM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._6_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 6 Squadron RCAF">XE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._112_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 112 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">XO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._8_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 8 Squadron RCAF">YO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._116_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 116 Squadron RCAF">ZD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unit formation in 1940 - May 1942</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._13_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 13 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">AN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._14_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 14 Squadron RCAF">BF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._162_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 162 Squadron RCAF">GK</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._3_Coast_Artillery_Co-operation_Detachment_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 3 Coast Artillery Co-operation Detachment RCAF (page does not exist)">GV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._1_Coast_Artillery_Co-operation_Detachment_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 1 Coast Artillery Co-operation Detachment RCAF (page does not exist)">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._4_Coast_Artillery_Co-operation_Detachment_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 4 Coast Artillery Co-operation Detachment RCAF (page does not exist)">PO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._12_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 12 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">QE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._2_Coast_Artillery_Co-operation_Detachment_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 2 Coast Artillery Co-operation Detachment RCAF (page does not exist)">TQ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RCAF_School_of_AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RCAF School of AC (page does not exist)">RA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth,_Nova_Scotia" title="Dartmouth, Nova Scotia">Dartmouth</a> <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hurricanes</a> 1942</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._126_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 126 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">1 or 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._127_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 127 Squadron RCAF">1 or 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._129_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 129 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">1 or 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May 1942 - 16 October 1942</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._130_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 130 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">AE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._6_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 6 Squadron RCAF">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._122_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 122 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._160_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 160 Squadron RCAF">AN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._3_Operational_Training_Unit_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 3 Operational Training Unit RCAF (page does not exist)">AZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._125_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 125 Squadron RCAF">BA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._4_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 4 Squadron RCAF">BD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._126_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 126 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">BV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._5_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 5 Squadron RCAF">DE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._162_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 162 Squadron RCAF">DZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._145_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 145 Squadron RCAF">EA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._4_Operational_Training_Unit_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 4 Operational Training Unit RCAF (page does not exist)">ED</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._121_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 121 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">EN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._2_Operational_Training_Unit_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 2 Operational Training Unit RCAF (page does not exist)">ET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._7_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 7 Squadron RCAF">FG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._133_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 133 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">FN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._8_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 8 Squadron RCAF">GA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._119_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 119 Squadron RCAF">GR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._129_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 129 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">HA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._9_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 9 Squadron RCAF">HJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._10_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 10 Squadron RCAF">JK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._11_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 11 Squadron RCAF">KL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._113_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 113 Squadron RCAF">LM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._31_Operational_Training_Unit_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 31 Operational Training Unit RCAF (page does not exist)">LR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._5_Coast_Artillery_Co-operation_Detachment_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 5 Coast Artillery Co-operation Detachment RCAF (page does not exist)">LV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._111_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 111 Squadron RCAF">LZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._114_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 114 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">MA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._13_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 13 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">MK</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._4_Coast_Artillery_Co-operation_Detachment_RCA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 4 Coast Artillery Co-operation Detachment RCA (page does not exist)">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._116_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 116 Squadron RCAF">NO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._117_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 117 Squadron RCAF">PQ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._6_Coast_Artillery_Co-operation_Detachment_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 6 Coast Artillery Co-operation Detachment RCAF (page does not exist)">QG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._128_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 128 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">RA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._120_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 120 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">RS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._147_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 147 Squadron RCAF">SZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._127_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 127 Squadron RCAF">TF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._161_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 161 Squadron RCAF">TN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._115_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 115 Squadron RCAF">UV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._1_Operational_Training_Unit_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 1 Operational Training Unit RCAF (page does not exist)">UY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._123_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 123 Squadron RCAF">VD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._118_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 118 Squadron RCAF">VW</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._135_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 135 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._1_Coast_Artillery_Co-operation_Detachment_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 1 Coast Artillery Co-operation Detachment RCAF (page does not exist)">XY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._14_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 14 Squadron RCAF">YA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._1_General_Reconnaissance_School_RCAF" title="No. 1 General Reconnaissance School RCAF">YH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._2_Coast_Artillery_Co-operation_Detachment_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 2 Coast Artillery Co-operation Detachment RCAF (page does not exist)">YZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._149_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 149 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">ZM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._132_Squadron_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 132 Squadron RCAF (page does not exist)">ZR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">WW2 Overseas<br />1940-1946</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational squadrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/423_Maritime_Helicopter_Squadron" title="423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/402_Squadron" title="402 Squadron">AE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/429_Transport_Squadron" title="429 Transport Squadron">AL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/417_Combat_Support_Squadron" title="417 Combat Support Squadron">AN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._421_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 421 Squadron RCAF">AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._664_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 664 Squadron RCAF">AW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/433_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="433 Tactical Fighter Squadron">BM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._666_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 666 Squadron RCAF">BX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/443_Maritime_Helicopter_Squadron" title="443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron">2I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/407_Long_Range_Patrol_Squadron" title="407 Long Range Patrol Squadron">CI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._411_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 411 Squadron RCAF">DB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._422_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 422 Squadron RCAF">DG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._1664_Heavy_Conversion_Unit_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 1664 Heavy Conversion Unit RCAF">DH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/416_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="416 Tactical Fighter Squadron">DN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/404_Long_Range_Patrol_and_Training_Squadron" title="404 Long Range Patrol and Training Squadron">EE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/408_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">EQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/439_Combat_Support_Squadron" title="439 Combat Support Squadron">5V</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._1659_Heavy_Conversion_Unit_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 1659 Heavy Conversion Unit RCAF (page does not exist)">FD</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/415_Long_Range_Patrol_Force_Development_Squadron" title="415 Long Range Patrol Force Development Squadron">6U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/415_Long_Range_Patrol_Force_Development_Squadron" title="415 Long Range Patrol Force Development Squadron">GX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/441_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="441 Tactical Fighter Squadron">G9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/406_Maritime_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron">HU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/440_Transport_Squadron" title="440 Transport Squadron">I8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/441_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="441 Tactical Fighter Squadron">9G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/403_Helicopter_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron">KH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/409_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="409 Tactical Fighter Squadron">KP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/425_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="425 Tactical Fighter Squadron">KW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/405_Long_Range_Patrol_Squadron" title="405 Long Range Patrol Squadron">LQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._428_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 428 Squadron RCAF">NA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._1666_Heavy_Conversion_Unit_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 1666 Heavy Conversion Unit RCAF">ND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/415_Long_Range_Patrol_Force_Development_Squadron" title="415 Long Range Patrol Force Development Squadron">NH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/426_Transport_Training_Squadron" title="426 Transport Training Squadron">OW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._420_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 420 Squadron RCAF">PT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/424_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="424 Transport and Rescue Squadron">QB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/413_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="413 Transport and Rescue Squadron">QL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._432_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 432 Squadron RCAF">QO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._1666_Heavy_Conversion_Unit_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 1666 Heavy Conversion Unit RCAF">QY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/410_Tactical_Fighter_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Squadron">RA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/407_Long_Range_Patrol_Squadron" title="407 Long Range Patrol Squadron">RR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/414_Electronic_Warfare_Support_Squadron" title="414 Electronic Warfare Support Squadron">RU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._1659_Heavy_Conversion_Unit_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 1659 Heavy Conversion Unit RCAF (page does not exist)">RV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowbirds_(aerobatic_team)" title="Snowbirds (aerobatic team)">SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/400_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">SP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._1679_Heavy_Conversion_Unit_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 1679 Heavy Conversion Unit RCAF (page does not exist)">SW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/418_Search_and_Rescue_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="418 Search and Rescue Operational Training Squadron">TH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/419_Tactical_Fighter_Training_Squadron" title="419 Tactical Fighter Training Squadron">VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/412_Transport_Squadron" title="412 Transport Squadron">VZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/434_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Squadron" title="434 Operational Test and Evaluation Squadron">WL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/423_Maritime_Helicopter_Squadron" title="423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron">YI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/401_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="401 Tactical Fighter Squadron">YO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/442_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="442 Transport and Rescue Squadron">YZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/427_Special_Operations_Aviation_Squadron" title="427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron">ZL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._1664_Heavy_Conversion_Unit_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 1664 Heavy Conversion Unit RCAF">ZU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/437_Transport_Squadron" title="437 Transport Squadron">Z2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport squadrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/426_Transport_Training_Squadron" title="426 Transport Training Squadron">OWL</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/435_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="435 Transport and Rescue Squadron">ODM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/436_Transport_Squadron" title="436 Transport Squadron">ODN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/437_Transport_Squadron" title="437 Transport Squadron">ODO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-WW2<br />1947 - 1958</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1947 - 1951 (VC<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Canada_(1946%E2%80%931965).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg/10px-Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg/15px-Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg/20px-Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>XXA)<sup>3 </sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/400_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">AA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/401_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="401 Tactical Fighter Squadron">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/402_Squadron" title="402 Squadron">AC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/403_Helicopter_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron">AD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/405_Long_Range_Patrol_Squadron" title="405 Long Range Patrol Squadron">AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/406_Maritime_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron">AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/408_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">AK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/410_Tactical_Fighter_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Squadron">AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._411_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 411 Squadron RCAF">AN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/412_Transport_Squadron" title="412 Transport Squadron">AO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/413_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="413 Transport and Rescue Squadron">AP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/414_Electronic_Warfare_Support_Squadron" title="414 Electronic Warfare Support Squadron">AQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/417_Combat_Support_Squadron" title="417 Combat Support Squadron">AT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/418_Search_and_Rescue_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="418 Search and Rescue Operational Training Squadron">AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._420_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 420 Squadron RCAF">AW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._421_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 421 Squadron RCAF">AX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/424_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="424 Transport and Rescue Squadron">BA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/426_Transport_Training_Squadron" title="426 Transport Training Squadron">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/435_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="435 Transport and Rescue Squadron">BN</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/442_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="442 Transport and Rescue Squadron">BU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._2_Operational_Training_Unit_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 2 Operational Training Unit RCAF (page does not exist)">XV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951 - 1958 (XX<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Canada_(1946%E2%80%931965).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg/10px-Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg/15px-Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg/20px-Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>nnn)<sup>4 </sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/404_Long_Range_Patrol_and_Training_Squadron" title="404 Long Range Patrol and Training Squadron">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/410_Tactical_Fighter_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Squadron">AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/410_Tactical_Fighter_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Squadron">AN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/413_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="413 Transport and Rescue Squadron">AP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/414_Electronic_Warfare_Support_Squadron" title="414 Electronic Warfare Support Squadron">AQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/416_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="416 Tactical Fighter Squadron">AS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._421_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 421 Squadron RCAF">AX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/424_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="424 Transport and Rescue Squadron">BA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/427_Special_Operations_Aviation_Squadron" title="427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron">BB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/430_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="430 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">BH</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/434_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Squadron" title="434 Operational Test and Evaluation Squadron">BR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/441_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="441 Tactical Fighter Squadron">BT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/442_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="442 Transport and Rescue Squadron">BU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/444_Combat_Support_Squadron" title="444 Combat Support Squadron">BV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._432_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 432 Squadron RCAF">DL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/433_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="433 Tactical Fighter Squadron">FG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/400_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">GW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._428_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 428 Squadron RCAF">HG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/418_Search_and_Rescue_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="418 Search and Rescue Operational Training Squadron">HO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/439_Combat_Support_Squadron" title="439 Combat Support Squadron">IG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._3_Operational_Training_Unit_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 3 Operational Training Unit RCAF (page does not exist)">JF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._3_Operational_Training_Unit_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 3 Operational Training Unit RCAF (page does not exist)">JW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/440_Transport_Squadron" title="440 Transport Squadron">KE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._411_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 411 Squadron RCAF">KH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/409_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="409 Tactical Fighter Squadron">LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/408_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">MN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/423_Maritime_Helicopter_Squadron" title="423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron">NQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/443_Maritime_Helicopter_Squadron" title="443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron">PF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/403_Helicopter_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/406_Maritime_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron">QP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/401_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" title="401 Tactical Fighter Squadron">QT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/407_Long_Range_Patrol_Squadron" title="407 Long Range Patrol Squadron">RX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._445_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 445 Squadron RCAF">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/404_Long_Range_Patrol_and_Training_Squadron" title="404 Long Range Patrol and Training Squadron">SP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/402_Squadron" title="402 Squadron">SV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._422_Squadron_RCAF" title="No. 422 Squadron RCAF">TF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/419_Tactical_Fighter_Training_Squadron" title="419 Tactical Fighter Training Squadron">UD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/405_Long_Range_Patrol_Squadron" title="405 Long Range Patrol Squadron">VN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/406_Maritime_Operational_Training_Squadron" title="406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron">XK</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._2_Operational_Training_Unit_RCAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 2 Operational Training Unit RCAF (page does not exist)">XV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><div style="float:left;"><sup>1 </sup>Aircraft administered and serviced by the RCAF but manned by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Canadian Artillery">Royal Canadian Artillery</a>.</div> <div style="float:left;"><sup>2 </sup> Non-standard code as unit using OW added L. Letters normally denoted parent Command, aircraft type (L <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator">Liberator transport</a>, D <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">Dakota</a> etc), unit, and individual aircraft.</div><br /> <div style="float:left;"><sup>3 </sup> VC<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Canada_(1946%E2%80%931965).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg/10px-Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg/15px-Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg/20px-Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>XXA where VC was the civil code used by the RCAF replacing CF-, XX was the unit code and A was the aircraft ID letter</div><br /> <div style="float:left;"><sup>4 </sup> XX<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Canada_(1946%E2%80%931965).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg/10px-Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg/15px-Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg/20px-Roundel_of_Canada_%281946%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>nnn where XX was the unit code and nnn was the last 3 digits of the serial number. 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