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<li id="toc-Before_Mason" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_Mason"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Before Mason</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_Mason-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-John_Landis_Mason" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#John_Landis_Mason"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>John Landis Mason</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-John_Landis_Mason-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Design variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ball_Corporation_brands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ball_Corporation_brands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Ball Corporation brands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ball_Corporation_brands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_jar_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_jar_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contemporary jar design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_jar_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collecting_vintage_jars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collecting_vintage_jars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Collecting vintage jars</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mason jar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="جرة ماسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جرة ماسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Слоік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Слоік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Слоік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Слоік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Буркан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Буркан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_jar" title="Mason jar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mason jar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarro" title="Tarro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tarro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poto" title="Poto – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Poto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pot_Mason" title="Pot Mason – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pot Mason" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B3ca" title="Próca – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Próca" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbanella" title="Arbanella – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arbanella" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodhong_kaca" title="Lodhong kaca – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lodhong kaca" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_jar" title="Mason jar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mason jar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC" title="メイソンジャー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メイソンジャー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a 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</nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canning_jar&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Canning jar">Canning jar</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Glass jar used at home to preserve food</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ball jar" redirects here; not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Bell_jar" title="Bell jar">Bell jar</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PreservedFood1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/PreservedFood1.jpg/220px-PreservedFood1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/PreservedFood1.jpg/330px-PreservedFood1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/PreservedFood1.jpg/440px-PreservedFood1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5238" data-file-height="7051" /></a><figcaption>A collection of Mason jars filled with preserved foods</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>Mason jar</b>, also known as a <b>canning jar</b>, <b>preserves jar</b> or <b>fruit jar</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a> <a href="/wiki/Jar" title="Jar">jar</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Home_canning" title="Home canning">home canning</a> to <a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">preserve food</a>. It was named after American tinsmith <a href="/wiki/John_Landis_Mason" title="John Landis Mason">John Landis Mason</a>, who patented it in 1858. The jar's mouth has a <a href="/wiki/Screw_thread" title="Screw thread">screw thread</a> on its outer perimeter to accept a metal ring or "band". The band, when screwed down, presses a separate <a href="/wiki/Stamping_(metalworking)" title="Stamping (metalworking)">stamped</a> steel disc-shaped <a href="/wiki/Lid_(container)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lid (container)">lid</a> against the jar's rim.<sup id="cite_ref-Invent.org_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Invent.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StoryOfBallBros_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StoryOfBallBros-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Mason's patent expired, numerous other companies began manufacturing similar jars. Over the years, the <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand name</a> <i>Mason</i> became the <a href="/wiki/Generic_trademark" title="Generic trademark">genericized trademark</a> for that style of glass home canning jar, and the word "Mason" can be seen on many <a href="/wiki/Ball_Corporation" title="Ball Corporation">Ball</a> and Kerr brand jars. The style of jar is occasionally referred to by common brand names such as <b>Ball jar</b> (in the eastern US) or <b>Kerr jar</b> (in the western US) even if the individual jar is not that brand.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kerr_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kerr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 20th-century America, Mason jars became useful to those who lived in areas with short growing seasons. The jars became an essential part of farming culture, while being used at fairs to display jams and pickles for judging and awards. This was a reflection of the labour that went into making the jams. The jams, pickles, and sauces would be given and exchanged as gifts during the holidays as a canned preserved good was of much value. The peak use of Mason jars came during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, when the U.S. government rationed food, encouraging the public to grow their own. As migration to cities occurred, along with the rise of refrigerators, the more efficient transport of goods made fruit and vegetables available year-round, reducing the need for food preservation. Contemporary industrial preservation transitioned to the use of plastics like bakelite and nylon and billions of containers were produced instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_2015_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly_2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 15, 2017, the registrar at <a href="/wiki/National_Day_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Day Calendar">National Day Calendar</a> proclaimed National Mason Jar Day to be observed annually as a national holiday on November 30, beginning in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mason_jar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_Mason">Before Mason</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mason_jar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Before Mason"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boutappertcolljpb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Boutappertcolljpb.jpg/90px-Boutappertcolljpb.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Boutappertcolljpb.jpg/135px-Boutappertcolljpb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Boutappertcolljpb.jpg/180px-Boutappertcolljpb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption>Nicolas Appert's jar</figcaption></figure> <p>French chef <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Appert" title="Nicolas Appert">Nicolas Appert</a> invented the method of preserving food by enclosing it in sealed containers. Among the earliest glass jars used for home canning were wax sealers, named in reference to the sealing wax that was poured into a channel around the lip to secure a tin lid. This process, though complicated and error-prone, became popular in the late 1830s or early 1840s and was still used to seal fruit jars until about 1890. The wax sealing process was largely the only one available until other sealing methods were developed.<sup id="cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canning-Jars-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="John_Landis_Mason">John Landis Mason</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mason_jar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: John Landis Mason"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnLandisMason.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/JohnLandisMason.jpg/170px-JohnLandisMason.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/JohnLandisMason.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Landis_Mason" title="John Landis Mason">John Landis Mason</a>, inventor of the Mason jar</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1858, a <a href="/wiki/Vineland,_New_Jersey" title="Vineland, New Jersey">Vineland, New Jersey</a> tinsmith named <a href="/wiki/John_Landis_Mason" title="John Landis Mason">John Landis Mason</a> (1832–1902) invented and <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patented</a> a screw threaded glass jar or bottle that became known as the Mason jar (U.S. Patent No. 22,186.)<sup id="cite_ref-Invent.org_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Invent.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StoryOfBallBros_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StoryOfBallBros-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1857, when it was first patented, to the present, Mason jars have had hundreds of variations in shape and cap design.<sup id="cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canning-Jars-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Mason's patent expired, many other manufacturers produced glass jars for home canning using the Mason-style jar.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BallBlue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/BallBlue.jpg/170px-BallBlue.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/BallBlue.jpg/255px-BallBlue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/BallBlue.jpg/340px-BallBlue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2224" data-file-height="3335" /></a><figcaption>Early closure style, zinc lid over glass liner</figcaption></figure> <p>The initial form of closure for the glass canning jar was a zinc <a href="/wiki/Screw_cap" title="Screw cap">screw-on cap</a>, the precursor to today's screw-on lids. It usually had a <a href="/wiki/Milk_glass" title="Milk glass">milk-glass</a> liner, but some of the earliest lids may have had transparent glass liners.<sup id="cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canning-Jars-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cap screwed down onto a rubber ring on the shoulder of the jar, not the lip.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1860 and 1900, many other patents were issued for Mason jar improvements and closures.<sup id="cite_ref-Masons_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Masons-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1903 Alexander Kerr introduced lids with a permanent rubber seal. His improved design in 1915 used the modern design.<sup id="cite_ref-Hinson_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jars are closed with two-piece metal lids that seal on the rim. The jar lid has a rubber or rubber-like sealing surface and is held in place by a separate metal band.<sup id="cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canning-Jars-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mason sold the patents for the Mason jar to the Sheet Metal Screw Company of Lewis R. Boyd in 1859. Boyd had patented a white "milk-glass" insert for the zinc screw lids to theoretically lessen the chances that food would be tainted by contact with the metal lid. In 1871, Mason partnered with Boyd in the Consolidated Fruit Jar Company which licensed Mason jar patents to numerous glass makers.<sup id="cite_ref-Hinson_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Letters of patent issued to Mason on May 10, 1870, for improvements to his fruit-canning jar was determined to be invalid as a result of a patent infringement case brought before the Southern District of New York on June 11, 1874. The court acknowledged that Mason invented the jar in 1859, but he did not apply for a patent for an improved version of the fruit jar until 1868. In the meantime, several others had patented designs and Mason had known these jars were being produced and sold. The court ruled that Mason's delay in protecting his patent indicated he had abandoned his invention in the intervening years between 1859 and 1868 and had forfeited his patent. The court's decision allowed other manufacturers to patent, produce, and sell glass jars for canning.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_variations">Design variations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mason_jar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Design variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Variations of the Mason jar include the "Improved Mason," which sealed on a shoulder above the thread instead of below, and the Atlas Strong Shoulder, with a reinforced shoulder area (as the original design was subject to cracks from the stress at the sealing point). A new type of Mason jar known as a "bead" jar was introduced <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1910</span>–1915. These continuous screw-thread jars were designed with a bead between the screw threads and the shoulder as a sealing surface. The <a href="/wiki/Ball_Corporation" title="Ball Corporation">Ball Corporation's</a> "Perfect Mason" jar, one of the most common jars of this style, was introduced c. 1913 and produced until the mid-20th century. It had several variations, including a square-shaped jar.<sup id="cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canning-Jars-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ball_Corporation_brands">Ball Corporation brands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mason_jar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ball Corporation brands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ball Corporation, which once dominated the market as the largest domestic manufacturer of home-canning jars, spun off its home-canning business in 1993. In 1939 the company manufactured 54% of all the canning jars made in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ball ceased production of canning jars when its subsidiary, Alltrista, became a separate company in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ball Corp. acquired certain Kerr assets, including factories, in 1992 and the Kerr brand of glass home canning jars was absorbed into Alltrista in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-kerr_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kerr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alltrista was renamed <a href="/wiki/Jarden" title="Jarden">Jarden Corporation</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Newell_Brands" title="Newell Brands">Newell Brands</a> acquired Jarden Corporation in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022, Newell manufactures canning jars under the brand names Ball, Bernardin, Golden Harvest, and Kerr.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_jar_design">Contemporary jar design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mason_jar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contemporary jar design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mason_jar_array.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Mason_jar_array.jpg/220px-Mason_jar_array.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Mason_jar_array.jpg/330px-Mason_jar_array.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Mason_jar_array.jpg/440px-Mason_jar_array.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>An array of Mason jars in varying sizes</figcaption></figure> <p>A complete Mason jar is composed of a tempered glass jar, a flat self-sealing lid, and a metal band.<sup id="cite_ref-guide_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The jars are made with either a <i>wide mouth</i> (3 inches (76 mm)) or <i>regular mouth</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> inches (60 mm)) opening. They come in a variety of sizes, from 4 ounces to a gallon. The half-gallon size and larger are not recommended for canning purposes. The most typical sizes used in canning are quart, pint, and half-pint. The jars typically have their brand name embossed on the side, though jars may also have a decorative design such as a quilting pattern or may be completely blank and smooth. Jars may be washed and reused so long as they have no chips or cracks.<sup id="cite_ref-guide_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the illustration, the left half are wide mouth and the right half are regular mouth. From left to right: wide mouth half-pint, pint, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> pint, quart, then regular mouth quart, pint, half-pint, quarter-pint. The lids and bands are also shown. The two rightmost jars are quilted. </p><p>The lids are made of metal with a ring of sealing compound which acts as a gasket against the jar's rim. New sealing compound is only good for about five years from date of manufacture, so older unused lids should be discarded. Lids may not be used more than once.<sup id="cite_ref-guide_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New lids are slightly domed (convex). During processing, air is vented from the jar and the food shrinks. While cooling, a vacuum is created inside the jar, sucking the dome downward (concave) – an indication that a seal is good.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Processed jars should be stored in a manner where the lids are not disturbed and the seals remain intact.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The metal screw bands are used to properly align the lids onto the jar, and to hold the lid in place during processing. They should be removed after processing and may be reused many times as long as they are kept rust-free and undented.<sup id="cite_ref-guide_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collecting_vintage_jars">Collecting vintage jars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mason_jar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Collecting vintage jars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antique_Mason_jars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Antique_Mason_jars.jpg/220px-Antique_Mason_jars.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Antique_Mason_jars.jpg/330px-Antique_Mason_jars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Antique_Mason_jars.jpg/440px-Antique_Mason_jars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Ball and Kerr brand antique Mason jars</figcaption></figure> <p>The value of a jar is related to its age, rarity, color, and condition. A jar's age and rarity can be determined by the color, shape, mold and production marks of the glass, and the jar's closure. Mason jars usually have a proprietary brand embossed on the jar. Early jars embossed with "Mason's Patent November 28th 1858" that date from the late 1850s to early 1860s closely match the illustrations of Mason's 1858 patents. Mouth-blown (or hand-blown) jars embossed with a version of "Mason's Patent November 28th 1858" were made about 1857 to 1908 and often had a ground lip as well. By 1908 semi-automatic machines manufactured the majority of these jars. Machine-made Mason jars that originated around 1909 have a sealing surface on a bead ledge below the threads. This type of jar dominated the market by the mid to late 1910s. Manufacturers continued to make jars with the beaded seal after the mid-twentieth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canning-Jars-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ball's "Ideal" canning jar, which first appeared around 1915 and was discontinued in 1962, is one of the company's best-known jars and is popular among collectors.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most antique jars that are not colorless are aqua or "Ball blue," a blue-green shade that was named for the Ball Corporation, a prevalent jar manufacturer. Most mouth-blown Mason jars embossed with some type of 1858 patent date were produced in aqua glass. The Ball brand of Mason jars were manufactured in several colors, but the most common color was the distinctive "Ball blue," which the Ball Corporation used in its jars from about 1910 to 1930. Mason jars with this particular color of glass may be attributed to Ball, since "virtually no other bottle or jar was made in that color."<sup id="cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canning-Jars-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Older styles of home canning jars are "Not Recommended" by the U.S.-based National Center for Home Food Preservation, the United States Department of Agriculture, and University Extension Services. These include: those using a zinc cap and a rubber jar ring, and those using a glass lid, wire bail, and rubber sealing ring. These provide "no definitive way to determine if a vacuum seal is formed".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mason_jar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aside from <a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">canning</a>, mason jars are also sometimes used as dessert containers.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_2022_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_2022-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Better_Homes_&_Gardens_2017_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Better_Homes_&_Gardens_2017-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The jars have been used for a variety of household functional and decorative purposes. Mason jars have been turned into items such as oil lanterns, soap dispensers, speakers and vases.<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_2015_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly_2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mason_jar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fowler%27s_Vacola" title="Fowler's Vacola">Fowler's Vacola</a> jar – Australian product, glass jar sealed with a rubber ring, metal lid, and a spring fastener</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilner_jar" title="Kilner jar">Kilner jar</a> – British canning jar brand; rubber-sealed, screw-topped jar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weck_jar" title="Weck jar">Weck jar</a> – German product, glass jar with glass lid, rubber seal, metal spring clips</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Parfait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Parfait (page does not exist)">Le Parfait</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Parfait" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Parfait">fr</a>]</span> – French product, glass jar with glass lid, rubber seal, metal spring clips</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mason_jar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Invent.org-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Invent.org_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Invent.org_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.invent.org/inductees/john-l-mason">"John Landis Mason"</a>. National Inventors Hall of Fame<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Landis+Mason&rft.pub=National+Inventors+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.invent.org%2Finductees%2Fjohn-l-mason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StoryOfBallBros-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StoryOfBallBros_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StoryOfBallBros_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdmund_F._Ball1960" class="citation book cs1">Edmund F. Ball (1960). <i>From Fruit Jars to Satellites: The Story of Ball Brothers Company, Incorporated</i>. New York: Necomen Society in North America. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Fruit+Jars+to+Satellites%3A+The+Story+of+Ball+Brothers+Company%2C+Incorporated&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Necomen+Society+in+North+America&rft.date=1960&rft.au=Edmund+F.+Ball&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idahoseniorindependent.com/canning/">Canning — On the Ball? Do you Kerr? It's all straight from the Jarden, October 5, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kerr-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kerr_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kerr_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/KerrGlass.pdf">Kerr Glass Mfg. Co., History and Marks</a> by <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Historical_Archaeology" title="Society for Historical Archaeology">Society for Historical Archaeology</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.healthycanning.com/kerr-jars/">Kerr Mason Jars</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kelly_2015-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_2015_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_2015_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKelly2015" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Ariana (2015-09-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/09/mason-jar-history/403762/">"How the Mason Jar Went From Farmers to Hipsters"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=How+the+Mason+Jar+Went+From+Farmers+to+Hipsters&rft.date=2015-09-24&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Ariana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ftechnology%2Farchive%2F2015%2F09%2Fmason-jar-history%2F403762%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationaldaycalendar.com/national-mason-jar-day-november-30/">"NATIONAL MASON JAR DAY – November 30"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Day_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Day Calendar">National Day Calendar</a>. October 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NATIONAL+MASON+JAR+DAY+%E2%80%93+November+30&rft.pub=National+Day+Calendar&rft.date=2017-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationaldaycalendar.com%2Fnational-mason-jar-day-november-30%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canning-Jars-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canning-Jars_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBill_Lindsey" class="citation web cs1">Bill Lindsey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sha.org/bottle/closures.htm#Canning%20Jars">"Fruit/Canning Jar Closures"</a>. Society for Historical Archaeology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fruit%2FCanning+Jar+Closures&rft.pub=Society+for+Historical+Archaeology&rft.au=Bill+Lindsey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sha.org%2Fbottle%2Fclosures.htm%23Canning%2520Jars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ball, pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sha.org/bottle/food.htm">Food Bottles</a>, The Society for Historical Archaeology</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Masons-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Masons_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBill_Lindsey" class="citation web cs1">Bill Lindsey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sha.org/bottle/closures.htm#Masons">"Bottle Finishes & Closures, Part III: Types of Bottle Closures"</a>. Society for Historical Archaeology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bottle+Finishes+%26+Closures%2C+Part+III%3A+Types+of+Bottle+Closures&rft.pub=Society+for+Historical+Archaeology&rft.au=Bill+Lindsey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sha.org%2Fbottle%2Fclosures.htm%23Masons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hinson-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hinson_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hinson_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.av.qnet.com/~glassman/info/b&e/primer.htm">A PRIMER ON FRUIT JARS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122222159/http://www.av.qnet.com/~glassman/info/b%26e/primer.htm">Archived</a> 2016-11-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Dave Hinson, Bottles and Extras, The Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Consolidated Fruit Jar Company vs. James T. Wright. In Equity" in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_Blatchford1875" class="citation book cs1">Samuel Blatchford (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kwE8AAAAIAAJ&dq=%22fruit+jar%22&pg=PA149"><i>Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Circuit Court of the United States for the Second Circuit: 1845–1887</i></a>. Vol. 12. Auburn, NY: Derby and Miller. pp. <span class="nowrap">149–</span>56. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/68813078">68813078</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reports+of+Cases+Argued+and+Determined+in+the+Circuit+Court+of+the+United+States+for+the+Second+Circuit%3A+1845%E2%80%931887&rft.place=Auburn%2C+NY&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E149-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&rft.pub=Derby+and+Miller&rft.date=1875&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F68813078&rft.au=Samuel+Blatchford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkwE8AAAAIAAJ%26dq%3D%2522fruit%2Bjar%2522%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_F._Brantley1975" class="citation book cs1">William F. Brantley (1975). <i>A Collector's Guide to Ball Jars</i>. Muncie, IN: Rosemary Humbert Martin. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3104299">3104299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Collector%27s+Guide+to+Ball+Jars&rft.place=Muncie%2C+IN&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Rosemary+Humbert+Martin&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3104299&rft.au=William+F.+Brantley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrederic_A._Birmingham1980" class="citation book cs1">Frederic A. Birmingham (1980). <i>Ball Corporation: The First Century</i>. Indianapolis, IN: Curtis Publishing Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">139–</span>40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780893870393" title="Special:BookSources/9780893870393"><bdi>9780893870393</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ball+Corporation%3A+The+First+Century&rft.place=Indianapolis%2C+IN&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E139-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.pub=Curtis+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780893870393&rft.au=Frederic+A.+Birmingham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Alltrista-Corporation-Company-History.html">"Alltrista Corporation History"</a>. Funding Universe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alltrista+Corporation+History&rft.pub=Funding+Universe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundinguniverse.com%2Fcompany-histories%2FAlltrista-Corporation-Company-History.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2002-06-03/alltrista-changes-name-to-jarden-corporation">Alltrista Changes Name to Jarden Corporation June 3, 2002</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jonesday.com/en/practices/experience/2016/04/newell-brands-acquires-jarden-corporation-for-$16-billion">Newell Brands acquires Jarden Corporation for $16 billion, April 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.healthycanning.com/newell">Newell - The Home Canning Giant</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guide-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guide_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guide_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guide_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guide_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/publications_usda.html">Complete Guide to Home Canning: Guide 01: Principles of Home Canning</a> by National Center for Home Food Preservation, pages 13–16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nchfp.uga.edu/how/general/cooling_jars_test_seals.html">Cooling Jars and Testing Jar Seals</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nchfp.uga.edu/how/store/store_home_canned.html">Storing Home Canned Foods: Testing Jar Seals</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brantley, pp. 39–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patti Griffith, University of Wyoming Cooperative Extension Service, in her reference to the use of older versions of Mason jar closures, explains, "Jars requiring a zinc cap and jar rubber or jars requiring a glass lid, wire bail, and jar rubber have not been recommended since 1989 because there is no definitive way to determine if a vacuum seal is formed". See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatti_Griffith" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Patti Griffith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418225600/http://www.wyomingextension.org/agpubs/pubs/MP119_2.pdf">"The Time is Ripe for Summer Melons"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Canner's Corner: Enjoying Summer's Bounty</i>. MP-119-2 (2). Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming Cooperative Extension Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wyomingextension.org/agpubs/pubs/MP119_2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-04-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canner%27s+Corner%3A+Enjoying+Summer%27s+Bounty&rft.atitle=The+Time+is+Ripe+for+Summer+Melons&rft.volume=MP-119-2&rft.issue=2&rft.au=Patti+Griffith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wyomingextension.org%2Fagpubs%2Fpubs%2FMP119_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Li_2022-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Li_2022_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLi2022" class="citation web cs1">Li, Johanna (2022-06-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.countryliving.com/cooking/about-food/mason-jar-dessert-recipes">"25 Mason Jar Desserts – Recipes for Dessert in a Jar"</a>. <i>Country Living</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Country+Living&rft.atitle=25+Mason+Jar+Desserts+%E2%80%93+Recipes+for+Dessert+in+a+Jar&rft.date=2022-06-16&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Johanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.countryliving.com%2Fcooking%2Fabout-food%2Fmason-jar-dessert-recipes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Better_Homes_&_Gardens_2017-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Better_Homes_&_Gardens_2017_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bhg.com/recipes/desserts/mason-jar-desserts/">"Mason Jar Desserts That Leave Bowls Behind"</a>. <i>Better Homes & Gardens</i>. 2017-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Better+Homes+%26+Gardens&rft.atitle=Mason+Jar+Desserts+That+Leave+Bowls+Behind&rft.date=2017-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhg.com%2Frecipes%2Fdesserts%2Fmason-jar-desserts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_references">General references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mason_jar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325010432/http://www.jarden.com/about/company-history">"Company History"</a>. Jarden Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jarden.com/about/company-history">the original</a> on 2016-03-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Company+History&rft.pub=Jarden+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jarden.com%2Fabout%2Fcompany-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418195706/http://www.jarsforcanning.com/canning-supplies-for-canning/golden-harvest-canning-jars/">"Golden Harvest Canning Jars–History and Background"</a>. Jars for Canning. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jarsforcanning.com/canning-supplies-for-canning/golden-harvest-canning-jars/">the original</a> on 2016-04-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Golden+Harvest+Canning+Jars%E2%80%93History+and+Background&rft.pub=Jars+for+Canning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jarsforcanning.com%2Fcanning-supplies-for-canning%2Fgolden-harvest-canning-jars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMason+jar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mason_jar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mason_jars" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mason jars">Mason jars</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sha.org/bottle/food.htm#Canning/Fruit%20Jars">Historic canning jars</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032905/http://www.av.qnet.com/~glassman/info/b&e/primer.htm">A Primer on Fruit Jars</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Knox2_BRG.pdf">The Knox Glass Bottle Co. 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