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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-InterActiveCorp_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#InterActiveCorp_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 InterActiveCorp years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-InterActiveCorp_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Live_Nation_merger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Live_Nation_merger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Live Nation merger </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Live_Nation_merger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth_and_acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_and_acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Growth and acquisitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth_and_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Products and services </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Products_and_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Products and services subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Products_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pricing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pricing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pricing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pricing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_and_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_and_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Criticism and controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism_and_controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism and controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism_and_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-competition_claims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-competition_claims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Anti-competition claims </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-competition_claims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rewards_program_monthly_fees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rewards_program_monthly_fees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Rewards program monthly fees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rewards_program_monthly_fees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secret_partnership_with_scalpers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secret_partnership_with_scalpers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Secret partnership with scalpers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secret_partnership_with_scalpers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_breaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_breaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Data breaches </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_breaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deceptive_pricing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deceptive_pricing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Deceptive pricing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deceptive_pricing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitor_computer_hacking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitor_computer_hacking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Competitor computer hacking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competitor_computer_hacking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dynamic_pricing_and_"platinum"_tickets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dynamic_pricing_and_"platinum"_tickets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Dynamic pricing and "platinum" tickets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dynamic_pricing_and_"platinum"_tickets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taylor_Swift_tour_pre-sale_crash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taylor_Swift_tour_pre-sale_crash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Taylor Swift tour pre-sale crash </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taylor_Swift_tour_pre-sale_crash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cloned_and_invalid_Bad_Bunny_concert_tickets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cloned_and_invalid_Bad_Bunny_concert_tickets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Cloned and invalid Bad Bunny concert tickets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cloned_and_invalid_Bad_Bunny_concert_tickets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_Senate_committee_hearing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_Senate_committee_hearing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 United States Senate committee hearing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_Senate_committee_hearing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zach_Bryan_scalpers_and_Drake_tour_misinformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zach_Bryan_scalpers_and_Drake_tour_misinformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 Zach Bryan scalpers and Drake tour misinformation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zach_Bryan_scalpers_and_Drake_tour_misinformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eurovision_2023_on-sale_crash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eurovision_2023_on-sale_crash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 Eurovision 2023 on-sale crash </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eurovision_2023_on-sale_crash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coronation_concert_ballot_misinformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coronation_concert_ballot_misinformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.13 Coronation concert ballot misinformation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coronation_concert_ballot_misinformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oasis_dynamic_pricing_scrutiny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oasis_dynamic_pricing_scrutiny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.14 Oasis dynamic pricing scrutiny </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oasis_dynamic_pricing_scrutiny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ticket_transfer_hacking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ticket_transfer_hacking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.15 Ticket transfer hacking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ticket_transfer_hacking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Partners </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ticketmaster</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" > 15 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="تيكيت ماستر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيكيت ماستر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ticketmaster" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="تیکت‌مستر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیکت‌مستر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ticketmaster" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ticketmaster" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EC%BC%93%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0" title="티켓마스터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티켓마스터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ticketmaster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ticketmaster" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8" title="טיקטמאסטר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיקטמאסטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ticketmaster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="チケットマスター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チケットマスター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ticketmaster" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ticketmaster" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ticketmaster" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ticketmaster" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2609162#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2609162" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American ticket sales company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Ticketmaster Entertainment, LLC</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:TicketMaster_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/TicketMaster_wordmark.svg/220px-TicketMaster_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/TicketMaster_wordmark.svg/330px-TicketMaster_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/TicketMaster_wordmark.svg/440px-TicketMaster_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="77" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainment industry">Entertainment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">October 2, 1976; 48 years ago (October 2, 1976), in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Albert Leffler</li><li>Peter Gadwa</li><li>Gordon Gunn III</li><li>Jerry Nelson</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rapino" title="Michael Rapino">Michael Rapino</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li><li>Mark Yovich (<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Ticketing technology</li><li>Ticket sales</li><li>Ticket resales</li><li>Marketing</li><li>Distribution of event tickets and information</li><li>Support of venue renovation</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">$11.9 billion in 2019<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,678</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation Entertainment</a> (2010–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ticketmaster.com/about/about-us.html">ticketmaster.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Ticketmaster Entertainment, LLC is an American <a href="/wiki/Primary_ticket_outlet" title="Primary ticket outlet">ticket sales</a> and distribution company based in <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>, with operations in many countries around the world. In 2010, it merged with <a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_(events_promoter)" title="Live Nation (events promoter)">Live Nation</a> under the name <a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation Entertainment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The company's ticket sales are fulfilled digitally or at its two main fulfillment centers located in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston, West Virginia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pharr,_Texas" title="Pharr, Texas">Pharr, Texas</a> for both <a href="/wiki/Primary_ticket_outlet" title="Primary ticket outlet">primary</a> and secondary markets. Ticketmaster's clients include venues, artists and promoters. Clients control their events and set ticket prices, and Ticketmaster sells tickets that the clients make available to them. Ticketmaster also owns and operates TicketWeb, a ticketing website geared towards independent venues. Ticketmaster is subject to numerous controversies and lawsuits, alleging violations of various laws. The platform charges a fee on tickets purchased and resold on the platform. The fees from ticket sales can account for a large percentage of overall ticket costs and have received scrutiny from regulators, customers, and musicians. The company has also faced scrutiny from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> for retaliation against venues violating its 2010 10-year consent decree from the Live Nation merger, which has been extended an additional five years from 2020 through 2025. Following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Ticketmaster_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Ticketmaster controversy">widespread criticism of the company's handling</a> of the pre-sale of <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Eras_Tour" title="The Eras Tour">The Eras Tour</a> in November 2022, the Department of Justice (DOJ) began a formal investigation into Live Nation Entertainment on the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antitrust_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust law">antitrust law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Consumer_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer rights">consumer rights</a> violations. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee</a> examined the merger with a hearing in January 2023. On May 23, 2024, the DOJ and a coalition of 29 states formally <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="United States v. Live Nation Entertainment">launched an antitrust suit</a> against Live Nation and Ticketmaster.<a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a> An additional 10 states joined the lawsuit, bringing the total number of co-plaintiffs to 40.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Ticketmaster was founded in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a> in 1976<a href="#cite_note-:6-5">[5]</a> by college staffers Peter Gadwa and Albert Leffler, Gordon Gunn III, as well as businessman Jerry Nelson.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a> The company originally licensed computer programs and sold hardware for ticketing systems. Its first ticketed concert was <a href="/wiki/Electric_Light_Orchestra" title="Electric Light Orchestra">Electric Light Orchestra</a>, held at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> In 1982, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Rosen_(businessman)" title="Fred Rosen (businessman)">Fred Rosen</a> was appointed CEO of Ticketmaster and moved the company to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> to be closer to the live entertainment industry. The move enabled the company to build contracts with many well-known venues including the <a href="/wiki/Kia_Forum" title="Kia Forum">LA Forum</a>. Rosen drove investment into the company and led the switch to computerized ticketing.<a href="#cite_note-20yrs-9">[9]</a> By 1985 the company had operations in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a> Under Rosen, the company moved into publishing and set up a travel agency and acquired rival <a href="/wiki/Ticketron" title="Ticketron">Ticketron</a> in 1991, making it the market leader.<a href="#cite_note-20yrs-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> In November 1993, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> co-founder <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a> acquired an 80% stake for more than $325 million.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-20yrs-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="InterActiveCorp_years">InterActiveCorp years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: InterActiveCorp years">edit</a>]</div> In 1998, <a href="/wiki/USA_Network" title="USA Network">USA Networks Inc</a>., later named <a href="/wiki/IAC_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="IAC (company)">InterActiveCorp</a> (IAC), purchased a majority stake in Ticketmaster.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> That same year, the company merged with CitySearch and was renamed Ticketmaster Online-CitySearch.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In May 2000, Ticketmaster Online-CitySearch acquired TicketWeb Inc., a ticket vendor that sold tickets online and over the phone.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> In 2003, IAC repurchased the remaining Ticketmaster stock that it had previously sold off.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In September 2006, Ticketmaster President Sean Moriarty told <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> that Ticketmaster had lobbied several states to enact laws that would limit the ticket resale market to authorized companies. Economists worried these laws would harm competition, but Moriarty expressed the need to reduce corrupt <a href="/wiki/Ticket_resale" title="Ticket resale">scalpers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit" title="Counterfeit">counterfeit</a> tickets.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In January 2008, Ticketmaster acquired Paciolan Inc., a developer of ticketing system applications and hosted ticketing systems, after litigation over the potential breach of <a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">antitrust laws</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Also in January, Ticketmaster acquired the UK-based secondary ticket marketplace, Getmein.com.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> And finally, in that same January, Ticketmaster acquired TicketsNow, a ticket reseller in the United States, for $265 million.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> IAC spun off Ticketmaster as its own company in the summer of 2008.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Later in 2008, Ticketmaster acquired Front Line Management, an artist management firm that worked with artists such as <a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Buffett" title="Jimmy Buffett">Jimmy Buffett</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Front Line CEO <a href="/wiki/Irving_Azoff" title="Irving Azoff">Irving Azoff</a> became CEO of the new company, which was renamed Ticketmaster Entertainment.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Live_Nation_merger">Live Nation merger</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Live Nation merger">edit</a>]</div> In February 2009, Ticketmaster entered into an agreement to merge with event promoter <a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_(events_promoter)" title="Live Nation (events promoter)">Live Nation</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation Entertainment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-merger-23">[23]</a> The deal was cleared by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">U.S. Justice Department</a> in January 2010 under the condition that the company sell Paciolan to <a href="/wiki/Comcast_Spectacor" title="Comcast Spectacor">Comcast Spectacor</a> or another firm, and license its software to <a href="/wiki/Anschutz_Entertainment_Group" title="Anschutz Entertainment Group">Anschutz Entertainment Group</a> (AEG), its biggest competitor.<a href="#cite_note-:1-24">[24]</a> The new company, which would be called Live Nation Entertainment, would also be subject to provisions for 10 years that prevented it from retaliating against venues that partnered with competing ticketing firms.<a href="#cite_note-:1-24">[24]</a> When the DOJ planned to bring court proceedings against the company in 2020 for six violations to these provisions, Live Nation agreed to a settlement that extended them an additional fine years to 2025.<a href="#cite_note-auto-25">[25]</a> Live Nation CEO <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rapino" title="Michael Rapino">Michael Rapino</a> was named CEO of the new company.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> One year after merging, Live Nation settled a previous class action lawsuit against Ticketmaster which alleged that the company had misled plaintiffs in its descriptions of delivery and processing fees.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_and_acquisitions">Growth and acquisitions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Growth and acquisitions">edit</a>]</div> In 2015, Ticketmaster acquired Front Gate Tickets, a music festival ticketing service that provided services for festivals including <a href="/wiki/Lollapalooza" title="Lollapalooza">Lollapalooza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits_Music_Festival" title="Austin City Limits Music Festival">Austin City Limits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2a-28">[28]</a> The same year, the company acquired Universe, a DIY ticketing platform,<a href="#cite_note-:2a-28">[28]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Two_Toasters" title="Two Toasters">Two Toasters</a>, a mobile app developer.<a href="#cite_note-acquisition-29">[29]</a> In 2017, TicketWeb, Ticketmaster's self-service ticketing platform, acquired Strobe Labs, a marketing platform that allows users to market to fans through social media.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In 2018, Ticketmaster acquired UPGRADED, a company which converts physical tickets into digital ones, utilising <a href="/wiki/Blockchain" title="Blockchain">blockchain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In 2020, Ticketmaster acquired Taiwan's Tixcraft (拓元售票) for entering the Asian market<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products_and_services">Products and services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Products and services">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ticketmaster_paper_ticket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ticketmaster_paper_ticket.jpg/220px-Ticketmaster_paper_ticket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ticketmaster_paper_ticket.jpg/330px-Ticketmaster_paper_ticket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ticketmaster_paper_ticket.jpg/440px-Ticketmaster_paper_ticket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2239" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>A Ticketmaster paper ticket</figcaption></figure> Ticketmaster sells tickets that its clients make available to it.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In 2009, Ticketmaster released a digital ticketing system that required customers to prove their identity prior to purchase. The company believed this would help circumvent brokers and scalpers.<a href="#cite_note-MSNBC-34">[34]</a> In 2016, Ticketmaster released a statement in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Better_Online_Tickets_Sales_Act" title="Better Online Tickets Sales Act">Better Online Ticket Sales Act</a> (BOTS Act), which banned the use of ticket bots to buy large amounts of tickets online and resell them at inflated prices.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The following year, the company filed a lawsuit against the ticket broker Prestige Entertainment after the company used bots to buy more than 30,000 tickets to the <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> play "<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a>".<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The company reported nearly 500 million tickets sold for 400,000 events in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In November 2020, Ticketmaster announced it will check the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">vaccination</a> status of ticket buyers before issuing passes when live events return in 2021. Fans that either failed to verify their vaccination status or tested positive would be denied access to the event.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pricing">Pricing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pricing">edit</a>]</div> The face value of Ticketmaster tickets is determined by the artist or client.<a href="#cite_note-:3-39">[39]</a> In addition to the face value price, venues and Ticketmaster add fees to pay for their services.<a href="#cite_note-npr1-40">[40]</a> Typically, fees added to a ticket's face value have included:<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-tmHelp-43">[43]</a> <ul><li>Facility charge – Charge added by the venue.</li> <li>Delivery fee – Charges added dependent on the ticket delivery method and credit card processing fees.</li> <li>Service fee – Sum of charges added based on the "agreement with each client (artists)" and the order processing fee. Ticketmaster "may earn a profit on the order processing fee".<a href="#cite_note-tmHelp-43">[43]</a></li></ul> As the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> has explained, "the 'service fee' is intentionally kept separate from the list price for two reasons: to make the base price of a ticket appear more affordable, and to create the impression that only Ticketmaster pockets that fee."<a href="#cite_note-Brown-44">[44]</a> In other words, "Ticketmaster is effectively paid to be a punching bag" for consumer frustration with opaque add-on fees, and then some of the fees find their way back to the artist or venue.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-44">[44]</a> Utilizing such subterfuge to extract additional revenue from fans without arousing direct backlash towards themselves has become increasingly important for artists. The collapse of record album sales after the year 2000 means that as of the 2020s, 95 percent of artist income comes from <a href="/wiki/Concert_tour" title="Concert tour">concert tours</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tkacik-45">[45]</a> Fee amounts vary between events and are dependent on the venue, available delivery methods, and preferences of the artist.<a href="#cite_note-:3-39">[39]</a> Some economists and activist groups have claimed that high ticket prices are due to a lack of competition within the music industry.<a href="#cite_note-npr1-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Jam_band" title="Jam band">jam band</a> <a href="/wiki/The_String_Cheese_Incident" title="The String Cheese Incident">The String Cheese Incident</a> gave fans money to purchase 400 tickets to one of its shows in order to resell them on its own site with fewer fees. The band said they were protesting Ticketmaster's ticket fees, while Ticketmaster argued that the band was taking revenue from venues and promoters.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> As of 2016, ticket resale was Ticketmaster's fastest growing business.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In 2022, Ticketmaster was experimenting with a demand-based, dynamic pricing which would vary the ticket price based upon demand. The new system is touted to give artists a higher share of the revenues that would otherwise be coming through resale ticket sales.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_and_controversies">Criticism and controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Criticism and controversies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-competition_claims">Anti-competition claims</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Anti-competition claims">edit</a>]</div> In May 1994, the <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a> band <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Jam" title="Pearl Jam">Pearl Jam</a> filed a complaint with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> claiming Ticketmaster had cut the group out of venue bookings in a dispute over fees.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The investigation was closed without action in 1995, though the Justice Department stated it would continue to monitor the developments in the ticket industry.<a href="#cite_note-:7-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Philips" title="Chuck Philips">Chuck Philips</a>, a reporter who covered the issue,<a href="#cite_note-Ticketmaster_6-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ticketmaster_5-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ticketmaster_4-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> was told by sources close to the case that the investigation was closed due to a combination of a shortage of resources and the case being difficult and having uncertain prospects.<a href="#cite_note-:7-52">[52]</a> In a 2009 article by the <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC</a>, Ticketmaster argued that legislation was needed in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> to protect fans from scalpers and unauthorized ticket brokers saying, "You and I both know there is a thriving ticket-broker industry ... so the law is really a fiction ... We very strongly feel the law needs to be modernized to reflect the reality of internet commerce. By keeping a price cap in place, you're really just driving the [resale] business into the shadows."<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> That same year, musician <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> complained of a conflict of interest between Ticketmaster and TicketsNow after fans were directed to TicketsNow once tickets to his concert sold out on Ticketmaster.com. <a href="/wiki/Irving_Azoff" title="Irving Azoff">Irving Azoff</a>, Ticketmaster CEO at the time, released an apology and stated that the TicketsNow link would no longer be shown for Springsteen's concerts.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> began reviewing complaints by <a href="/wiki/Anschutz_Entertainment_Group" title="Anschutz Entertainment Group">AEG</a> that claimed the company had engaged in anti-competitive practices. As of April 2018, the Department of Justice had not released comments on its investigation.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In 2020, the Department of Justice fined Ticketmaster $3 million for violating a consent decree resulting from the Live Nation merger. The consent decree is extended through 2025 and is required to enforce its own compliance with the decree with a penalty of $1 million for any future violations.<a href="#cite_note-auto-25">[25]</a> On May 23, 2024, the DOJ and a coalition of 29 states formally <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="United States v. Live Nation Entertainment">launched an antitrust suit</a> against Live Nation and Ticketmaster.<a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a> The lawsuit contends that Live Nation, which owns Ticketmaster, abused its unrivaled power in the concert and ticketing industry to eliminate competition, lessening consumer choice and resulting in rising prices.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rewards_program_monthly_fees">Rewards program monthly fees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rewards program monthly fees">edit</a>]</div> In May 2013, Ticketmaster agreed to pay up to $23 million for enrolling customers into a rewards program that charged $9 per month. Ticketmaster made $85 million in fees, from customers who took about eight months on average to cancel their enrollment in the program. 1.12 million customers were eligible to claim up to a $30 refund.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secret_partnership_with_scalpers">Secret partnership with scalpers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Secret partnership with scalpers">edit</a>]</div> Ticketmaster has secretly partnered with <a href="/wiki/Ticket_resale" title="Ticket resale">scalpers</a> to drive up prices for consumers.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-o733-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-w553-66">[66]</a> Economists characterize the <a href="/wiki/Ticket_resale" title="Ticket resale">secondary market</a> in tickets as socially wasteful <a href="/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking">rent-seeking</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-68">[68]</a> In the mid-2000s, Ticketmaster engaged in primary market auctions that reduced the rents involved in secondary market scalping – however, Ticketmaster ended these primary market auctions, opting instead to enter into the secondary market.<a href="#cite_note-:8-68">[68]</a> In September 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a> reported that Ticketmaster was not enforcing ticket limit rules on its resale platform, TradeDesk.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Ticketmaster denied the allegations, saying it would examine its resale policies on TradeDesk, and that it "never allows ticket scalpers to buy tickets ahead of fans."<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> One month later, a group of customers filed a class action lawsuit against Ticketmaster.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In July 2019, a report by <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> revealed a strategy by <a href="/wiki/Live_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Live Nation">Live Nation</a>, Ticketmaster's parent company, to secretly bypass placing certain tickets for sale on the primary market and instead, place them directly on resale sites "without giving fans a chance to buy them through normal channels at face value."<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The company acknowledged it has "facilitated the quiet transfer of concert tickets directly into the hands of resellers through the years, though only at the request of the artists involved." <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_breaches">Data breaches</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Data breaches">edit</a>]</div> In June 2018, Ticketmaster notified 40,000 <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">U.K.</a> customers that it had identified a hack caused by <a href="/wiki/Malicious_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Malicious software">malicious software</a> on a third-party customer support product it contracted. The company stated that customers who bought tickets between February and June 2018 may have had data compromised.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Between April 2 and May 18, 2024, an "unauthorized third party obtained information from a cloud database hosted by a third-party data services provider" that exposed personal information including payment-card details. Ticketmaster identified customers whose data may have been affected by the breach on May 23, 2024, but only notified them of this a month later in a June 22 letter.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> On May 20, 2024, Ticketmaster’s suffered a breach from their database hosted by <a href="/wiki/Snowflake_Inc." title="Snowflake Inc.">Snowflake Inc.</a> as part of a mass Snowflake customer data breach. Ticketmaster's parent company, Live Nation, revealed the breach on May 31, with Australian authorities confirming they were working with the company on the incident.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Further investigation revealed that the hackers were able to access Ticketmaster's Snowflake database by using credentials stolen from a 3rd party contractor working for EPAM.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> As part of the stolen data, hackers leaked customer information and event barcodes for more than 70,000 Ticketmaster events, including Taylor Swift 'Eras Tour' and hundreds of other events. <a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deceptive_pricing">Deceptive pricing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Deceptive pricing">edit</a>]</div> A class action lawsuit was filed against Ticketmaster in 2003, alleging that it did not fully disclose <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">UPS</a> and order processing fees added to tickets sold online. The case settlement was approved in 2015 and Ticketmaster issued vouchers and discount codes to fans who purchased tickets online between 1999 and 2013.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In a related case, Ticketmaster filed suit against its liability insurance carrier, Illinois Union Insurance Company, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/ACE_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="ACE Limited">ACE Limited</a>, in 2010 for failing to aid in its defense in the 2003 suit.<a href="#cite_note-servicefees-84">[84]</a> In June 2019, Canada's <a href="/wiki/Competition_Bureau" title="Competition Bureau">Competition Bureau</a> fined Ticketmaster $4.5 million dollars ($3.44 million US dollars) as part of a settlement after it was discovered that Ticketmaster "topped advertised costs by more than 20% -- and sometimes as much as 65%." In addition to the required payment, Ticketmaster signed a consent agreement to ensure its advertising policies abide by Canadian law.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competitor_computer_hacking">Competitor computer hacking</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Competitor computer hacking">edit</a>]</div> In December 2020, Ticketmaster "entered into a plea agreement with federal prosecutors" and agreed to pay a $10 million fine after being charged with illegally accessing computer systems of a competitor.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> Assistant Director-in-Charge Williams Sweeney, "Ticketmaster used stolen information to gain an advantage over its competition, and then promoted the employees who broke the law."<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The allegations were first reported in 2017 when a former CrowdSurge top executive hired by Ticketmaster hacked into his former employer's database.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dynamic_pricing_and_"platinum"_tickets">Dynamic pricing and "platinum" tickets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dynamic pricing and "platinum" tickets">edit</a>]</div> Ticketmaster and Live Nation has faced backlash for their dynamic pricing system and "platinum" tickets when tickets for <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Blink-182" title="Blink-182">Blink-182</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Springsteen_and_E_Street_Band_2023_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Springsteen and E Street Band 2023 Tour">2023</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Tour_2023/2024" title="World Tour 2023/2024">tours</a> went on sale in July and October 2022 respectively, which saw fans of both acts criticize prices for random seats across the venue going for hundreds or thousands of dollars during pre-sales or right when tickets went on sale for the general public.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In March 2023, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(musician)" title="Robert Smith (musician)">Robert Smith</a> criticized the model and announced that <a href="/wiki/The_Cure" title="The Cure">the Cure</a> would not be allowing Ticketmaster to sell dynamically-priced or platinum tickets for the band's upcoming <a href="/wiki/Shows_of_a_Lost_World" title="Shows of a Lost World">North American tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Smith priced tickets for the Cure's concerts for as low as $20, but Ticketmaster charged fees that equalled more than the price of the base ticket. After Smith expressed his outrage, Ticketmaster refunded a portion of the fees to the purchasers.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taylor_Swift_tour_pre-sale_crash">Taylor Swift tour pre-sale crash</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Taylor Swift tour pre-sale crash">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift%E2%80%93Ticketmaster_controversy" title="Taylor Swift–Ticketmaster controversy">Taylor Swift–Ticketmaster controversy</a></div> On November 15, 2022, the first day of pre-sale of tickets to verified fans for the US leg of <a href="/wiki/The_Eras_Tour" title="The Eras Tour">the Eras Tour</a> (2023) by American singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>,<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Ticketmaster's official website <a href="/wiki/Crash_(computing)" title="Crash (computing)">crashed</a> following "historically unprecedented demand with millions showing up", halting the pre-sale.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In less than an hour of availability, the ticketing platform's servers were "unable to answer", with users "either completely logged out or in a queue 2,000-plus people strong that appeared frozen." Ticketmaster immediately published a statement saying they are working to fix the issues "as the site was unprepared to accommodate the sheer force of hundreds of thousands of Swift fans",<a href="#cite_note-RS_Hunger_Games-95">[95]</a> and subsequently reported that "hundreds of thousands of tickets" had already been sold and rescheduled the remaining onsales to a different time, including the Capital One onsale to November 16.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Fans and customers online widely criticized Ticketmaster for a flawed ticketing model that obstructed them from purchasing tickets. The word "Ticketmaster" was trending number one worldwide on various social media platforms such as <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> and <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Several US lawmakers took notice of the issue. US congresswoman <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a> tweeted that Ticketmaster is a <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> and that it must be unmerged from <a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation Entertainment</a>. Congressman <a href="/wiki/Bill_Pascrell" title="Bill Pascrell">Bill Pascrell</a>, who had previously petitioned <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">US Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a> in support of "strong <a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">antitrust</a> enforcement by the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden Administration</a>" and criticized the merger of Ticketmaster and Live Nation, stated that he attempted to purchase tickets but was placed on the waitlist.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Attorney_General" title="Tennessee Attorney General">Tennessee Attorney General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Skrmetti" title="Jonathan Skrmetti">Jonathan Skrmetti</a>, began an investigation into "consumer complaints about chaos during the presale of tickets" to the tour. He said in a press conference on November 16 that "a lack of competition [for Ticketmaster] has led to a poor experience and higher prices for consumers."<a href="#cite_note-:2b-99">[99]</a> Following investigations initiated by the Tennessee Attorney General<a href="#cite_note-:2b-99">[99]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Attorney_General" title="North Carolina Attorney General">North Carolina Attorney General</a> on the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">consumer rights</a> violations,<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> the federal Department of Justice began an investigation into Live Nation Entertainment and Ticketmaster on November 18.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Swift released a statement on November 18, 2022, via her <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> story; she asserted that she is protective of her fans and wanted to assure a quality experience for them, but found it difficult to "trust an outside entity with these relationships and loyalties". She said that she was "not going to make excuses for anyone because we asked [Ticketmaster], multiple times, if they could handle this kind of demand and we were assured they could." She concluded that she is taking the necessary measures to resolve the issue and resume the sale.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In December, a group of Swift's fans, called "<a href="/wiki/Swifties" title="Swifties">Swifties</a>," filed a lawsuit against Ticketmaster and its parent company Live Nation, accusing them of fraud, anti-trust violations, and price-fixing. In the lawsuit, fans demanded $2,500 for each violation, which could potentially amount to several million in total.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cloned_and_invalid_Bad_Bunny_concert_tickets">Cloned and invalid Bad Bunny concert tickets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cloned and invalid Bad Bunny concert tickets">edit</a>]</div> On December 9, 2022, the day of <a href="/wiki/Bad_Bunny" title="Bad Bunny">Bad Bunny</a>'s first concert of his <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Hottest_Tour" title="World's Hottest Tour">World's Hottest Tour</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, an unprecedented number of tickets were cancelled, affecting a considerable group of concertgoers, whose tickets were confiscated and destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-VultureBB-104">[104]</a> Because of this, Ticketmaster received a great amount of criticism because many of the attendees who were denied entry were accused of having counterfeit or cloned tickets, even though those attendees presented proof of payment or their ticket had not even been previously scanned. The procurator of <a href="/wiki/PROFECO" title="PROFECO">Office of the Federal Prosecutor for the Consumer</a>, described on Twitter that the agency had already requested a report from Ticketmaster Mexico on what happened at the <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Azteca" title="Estadio Azteca">Estadio Azteca</a> and asked affected consumers to formalize their complaints under the terms of the law.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Due to the criticism, Ticketmaster Mexico released a statement through their social networks apologizing and saying that "the inconveniences in the accesses were a consequence of the presentation of an unprecedented number of fake tickets, which caused an out of the ordinary agglomeration of people and an intermittent operation of our system". They also offered refunds for the full cost of the tickets.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> However, PROFECO ordered that those affected not only be refunded the full cost of the ticket, but an additional 20%.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_Senate_committee_hearing">United States Senate committee hearing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: United States Senate committee hearing">edit</a>]</div> On January 24, 2023, a three-hour hearing by the Senate judiciary committee,<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> titled "That's the Ticket: Promoting Competition and Protecting Consumers in Live Entertainment", to analyze "the long-simmering dissatisfaction over the 2010 consent decree governing the merger of Ticketmaster and Live Nation", was held at 10:00 am EST in the <a href="/wiki/Hart_Senate_Office_Building" title="Hart Senate Office Building">Hart Senate Office Building</a>, Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The hearing was telecast live. Various media outlets reported that both the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> senators "grilled" Ticketmaster's representative, Joe Berchtold, the company's <a href="/wiki/Chief_financial_officer" title="Chief financial officer">chief financial officer</a>. The senators questioned Berchtold over Ticketmaster's monopolistic practices, policies, ticket costs, lack of transparency, lack of defense against bots, and insensitivity to music artists. Berchtold, despite apologizing for the debacle, denied accusations of monopoly and fraud, but accepted that "there are several things we could have done better—including staggering the sales over a longer period of time and doing a better job setting fan expectations for getting tickets" and continued to blame "industrial-scale ticket scalping" and "unprecedented number of bots" in Swift's tour debacle. The witnesses prosecuting Ticketmaster included Jerry Mickelson, the president of <a href="/wiki/JAM_Creative_Productions" title="JAM Creative Productions">JAM Creative Productions</a>; and Jack Groetzinger, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/SeatGeek" title="SeatGeek">SeatGeek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Live Nation cited several letters of support within its testimony, including one from American country singer <a href="/wiki/Garth_Brooks" title="Garth Brooks">Garth Brooks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Free Britney America, a D.C. organization that was part of the <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears_conservatorship_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Britney Spears conservatorship dispute">Free Britney movement</a>, protested outside the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a> during the hearing "in support of ending Ticketmaster-Live Nation's monopoly over the live event and ticketing industry."<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zach_Bryan_scalpers_and_Drake_tour_misinformation">Zach Bryan scalpers and Drake tour misinformation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Zach Bryan scalpers and Drake tour misinformation">edit</a>]</div> On December 26, 2022, American country singer <a href="/wiki/Zach_Bryan" title="Zach Bryan">Zach Bryan</a> criticized Ticketmaster for his Burn Burn Burn tour (2023) and listed out non-transferrable tickets to stop scalpers.<a href="#cite_note-:11-114">[114]</a> He went on to release a live album, entitled <a href="/wiki/All_My_Homies_Hate_Ticketmaster" class="mw-redirect" title="All My Homies Hate Ticketmaster">All My Homies Hate Ticketmaster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In March 2023, fans of Canadian rapper <a href="/wiki/Drake_(musician)" title="Drake (musician)">Drake</a> also filed a class action lawsuit against Ticketmaster in the <a href="/wiki/Superior_Court_of_Quebec" title="Superior Court of Quebec">Superior Court of Quebec</a>, alleging intentional deception and fraud. Plaintiffs claimed that the on-sale for the It's All a Blur Tour, a co-headlining concert tour by Drake and <a href="/wiki/21_Savage" title="21 Savage">21 Savage</a>, "intentionally misleads consumers for [Ticketmaster's] own financial gain" by concealing information about additional show dates to drive demand and ticket prices.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The suit seeks $300 in punitive damages per customer and compensatory damages covering the difference between the "Official Platinum" ticket prices and the regular cost for the seats.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eurovision_2023_on-sale_crash">Eurovision 2023 on-sale crash</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Eurovision 2023 on-sale crash">edit</a>]</div> For the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">Eurovision Song Contest 2023</a> in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> in May 2023, the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a> (EBU) and the host broadcaster <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> partnered with Ticketmaster.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Prior to the ticket booking platform going live, many users complained that the Ticketmaster website had crashed with a <a href="/wiki/500_error" class="mw-redirect" title="500 error">500 error</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Tickets for the contest's final sold out in 36 minutes, with the remaining available shows selling out around an hour later.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Following this, tickets were available on third-party <a href="/wiki/Ticket_resale" title="Ticket resale">resale platforms</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Viagogo" title="Viagogo">Viagogo</a>, with a general admission standing ticket for the final, originally priced at <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>380, being sold for up to £11,800.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coronation_concert_ballot_misinformation">Coronation concert ballot misinformation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Coronation concert ballot misinformation">edit</a>]</div> Ticketmaster was heavily criticised for their handling of the tickets for <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="Coronation of Charles III and Camilla">Coronation Concert of Charles III and Camilla</a>. After two rounds of ticket balloting for guaranteed tickets, remaining unclaimed tickets were released on a first-come, first-served basis to those who had previously applied to the ballot. Despite tickets being fully claimed, thousands of emails were sent to those unsuccessful in the ballot incorrectly informing them that they won tickets.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> As a result, many people rushed to book travel, accommodation and time off work for the event.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Ticketmaster was criticised and the email was labeled "misleading".<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oasis_dynamic_pricing_scrutiny">Oasis dynamic pricing scrutiny</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Oasis dynamic pricing scrutiny">edit</a>]</div> On 31 August 2024, <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a> announced a live <a href="/wiki/Oasis_Live_%2725_Tour" title="Oasis Live '25 Tour">reunion tour</a> for 2025. However, many fans criticised the sales process and prices. Many fans sat for hours trying to get tickets, only to be faced with sitting in queues, or worse, the website would crash, losing fans their place. Other fans reported sitting in a queue for a queue. If fans were able to get tickets, the tickets would change from £135 to more than £350.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> It has been confirmed that these prices, and the demand-induced increase in pricing, would have been set and approved by <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">the band</a> themselves, by Jonathan Brown, chief executive of the Society of Ticket Agents and Retailers<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> The band said in a statement, however, that they "leave decisions on ticketing and pricing entirely to their promoters and management" and that they had "at no time had any awareness that dynamic pricing was going to be used".<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The dynamic pricing system used by Ticketmaster is something artists could choose to opt into, with artists such as <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(musician)" title="Robert Smith (musician)">Robert Smith</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Cure" title="The Cure">The Cure</a> highlighting this in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> On 5 September 2024 the UK <a href="/wiki/Competition_and_Markets_Authority" title="Competition and Markets Authority">Competition and Markets Authority</a> (CMA) announced it was launching an investigation into Ticketmaster over Oasis concert ticket sales. The CMA said its investigation would include how so-called dynamic pricing may have been used and would scrutinise whether the sale of the tickets may have breached consumer protection law. The investigation would consider whether the firm had engaged in unfair commercial practices, if people were given clear and timely information to explain that the tickets could be subject to dynamic pricing, and if consumers were put under pressure to buy tickets within a short period of time – at a higher price than they understood they would have to pay.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ticket_transfer_hacking">Ticket transfer hacking</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ticket transfer hacking">edit</a>]</div> In fall 2024, Ticketmaster customers began noticing tickets were being incorrectly removed from accounts. Despite thousands of customers taking to Ticketmaster's social media accounts over a period of months, the platform initially ignored the comments and released a statement in October 2024 indicating that affected customers were "victims of hackers" taking advantage of the platform's ticket transfer feature.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Despite this, Ticketmaster did not replace missing tickets or pull its ticket transfer feature pending an investigation into the hacking. This issue continued in November 2024 for fans attending an <a href="/wiki/Usher_(musician)" title="Usher (musician)">Usher</a> concert, with the tickets only being refunded after fans complained to the <a href="/wiki/Better_Business_Bureau" title="Better Business Bureau">Better Business Bureau</a>. Due to Ticketmaster's lack of information and action, social media users and fans questioned if the organization was in on the scam itself.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partners">Partners</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Partners">edit</a>]</div> Ticketmaster has partnerships with venues, professional sports leagues and teams, college and universities, musical acts and theatre tours<a href="#cite_note-:4-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> and target corporation in the United States and internationally.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Ticketmaster has partnered with musical acts such as <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>,<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Orchestra" title="Trans-Siberian Orchestra">Trans-Siberian Orchestra</a>,<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> and theatre productions such as <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Cursed_Child" title="Harry Potter and the Cursed Child">Harry Potter and the Cursed Child</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Ticketmaster has been the ticketing provider for the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL), <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA).<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In 2008, Ticketmaster entered into an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) to manage its resale market on NFL TicketExchange.<a href="#cite_note-:5-147">[147]</a> Ticketmaster also works with wrestling promotions <a href="/wiki/WWE" title="WWE">World Wrestling Entertainment</a> (WWE) (1994) and <a href="/wiki/All_Elite_Wrestling" title="All Elite Wrestling">All Elite Wrestling</a> (AEW) (2019) In 2017, Ticketmaster announced it would open the TicketExchange platform to allow the sale and validation of tickets on third-party websites, including <a href="/wiki/StubHub" title="StubHub">StubHub</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-147">[147]</a> Ticketmaster has also partnered with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Tennis_Association" title="United States Tennis Association">United States Tennis Association</a>,<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tennis_Canada" title="Tennis Canada">Tennis Canada</a>,<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour" title="PGA Tour">PGA Tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Seltzer" title="Jerry Seltzer">Jerry Seltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_resale" title="Ticket resale">Ticket resale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticketmaster_Corp._v._Tickets.com,_Inc." title="Ticketmaster Corp. v. Tickets.com, Inc.">Ticketmaster Corp. v. Tickets.com, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">Monopoly</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theticketingbusiness.com/2020/02/28/live-nation-reports-revenue-growth-2019-11-5bn/">"Live Nation reports revenue growth in 2019 to $11.5bn"</a>. 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Retrieved June 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheTicketingBusiness+News&rft.atitle=Rogers+Cup+goes+digital+with+Ticketmaster&rft.date=2018-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theticketingbusiness.com%2F2018%2F08%2F08%2Frogers-cup-goes-digital-ticketmaster%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATicketmaster" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrasier2017" class="citation web cs1">Brasier, John (July 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/triad/news/2017/07/25/wyndham-championship.html">"Wyndham Championship announces deal with Ticketmaster, new tier pricing"</a>. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wyndham+Championship+announces+deal+with+Ticketmaster%2C+new+tier+pricing&rft.date=2017-07-25&rft.aulast=Brasier&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Ftriad%2Fnews%2F2017%2F07%2F25%2Fwyndham-championship.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATicketmaster" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticketmaster&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://consumerist.com/2006/01/17/scam-alert-entertainment-rewards-and-ticketmaster/">Scam Alert: Entertainment Rewards and Ticketmaster – Consumerist</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_(events_promoter)" title="Live Nation (events promoter)">Live Nation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ticketmaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Music_Group" title="Academy Music Group">Academy Music Group</a> (51%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BigChampagne" title="BigChampagne">BigChampagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C3_Presents" title="C3 Presents">C3 Presents</a> (majority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DF_Concerts" title="DF Concerts">DF Concerts</a> (part owner)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Republic" title="Festival Republic">Festival Republic</a> (majority owner)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gods_of_Metal" title="Gods of Metal">Gods of Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_(music_festival)" title="Hard (music festival)">Hard Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAMA_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="MAMA & Company">MAMA & Company</a> (joint venture)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ones_to_Watch" title="Ones to Watch">Ones to Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boomtown_(festival)" title="Boomtown (festival)">Boomtown</a> (18%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bospop" title="Bospop">Bospop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budweiser_Made_in_America_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Budweiser Made in America Festival">Budweiser Made in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calling_Festival" title="Calling Festival">Calling Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Bestival" title="Camp Bestival">Camp Bestival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhell" title="Copenhell">Copenhell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creamfields" title="Creamfields">Creamfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Download_Festival" title="Download Festival">Download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Escape_Festival" title="The Great Escape Festival">The Great Escape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HoagieNation" title="HoagieNation">HoagieNation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Love_Techno" title="I Love Techno">I Love Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Festival" title="Isle of Wight Festival">Isle of Wight Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamboree_in_the_Hills" title="Jamboree in the Hills">Jamboree in the Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latitude_Festival" title="Latitude Festival">Latitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lollapalooza" title="Lollapalooza">Lollapalooza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loud_Park_Festival" title="Loud Park Festival">Loud Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowlands_(festival)" title="Lowlands (festival)">Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lytham_Festival" title="Lytham Festival">Lytham Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Square_Festival" title="Main Square Festival">Main Square Festival</a> (75%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_MixTape_Festival" title="Summer MixTape Festival">MixTape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Midtown" title="Music Midtown">Music Midtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Jazz_Festival" title="North Sea Jazz Festival">North Sea Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradiso_Festival" title="Paradiso Festival">Paradiso</a> (partnership)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parklife_(festival)" title="Parklife (festival)">Parklife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Peach_Music_Festival" title="The Peach Music Festival">The Peach Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinkpop_Festival" title="Pinkpop Festival">Pinkpop Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukkelpop" title="Pukkelpop">Pukkelpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Werchter" title="Rock Werchter">Rock Werchter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasquatch!_Music_Festival" title="Sasquatch! Music Festival">Sasquatch!</a> (partnership)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squamish_Valley_Music_Festival" title="Squamish Valley Music Festival">Squamish</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Sonic_Festival" title="Summer Sonic Festival">Summer Sonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRNSMT" title="TRNSMT">TRNSMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voodoo_Experience" class="mw-redirect" title="Voodoo Experience">Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watershed_Music_Festival" title="Watershed Music Festival">Watershed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Way_Out_West_(festival)" title="Way Out West (festival)">Way Out West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Blues" title="House of Blues">House of Blues</a> clubs and theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Louisville_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="The Louisville Palace">The Louisville Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Oakdale_Theatre" title="Toyota Oakdale Theatre">Toyota Presents Oakdale Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew%27s_Hall_(Detroit)" title="Saint Andrew's Hall (Detroit)">Saint Andrew's Hall (Detroit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Living_Arts" title="Theatre of Living Arts">Theatre of Living Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Theater_(Pennsylvania)" title="Tower Theater (Pennsylvania)">Tower Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3Arena" title="3Arena">3Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belasco_Theater_(Los_Angeles)" title="Belasco Theater (Los Angeles)">Belasco Theater (Los Angeles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blossom_Music_Center" title="Blossom Music Center">Blossom Music Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_River_State_Park" title="White River State Park">Everwise Amphitheater at White River State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillmore_Auditorium_(Denver)" title="Fillmore Auditorium (Denver)">Fillmore Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FivePoint_Amphitheatre" title="FivePoint Amphitheatre">FivePoint Amphitheatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Mortgage_Pavilion" title="Freedom Mortgage Pavilion">Freedom Mortgage Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Insurance_Amphitheater" title="Germania Insurance Amphitheater">Germania Insurance Amphitheater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Casino_Amphitheatre_(Maryland_Heights,_Missouri)" title="Hollywood Casino Amphitheatre (Maryland Heights, Missouri)">Hollywood Casino Amphitheatre (Maryland Heights, Missouri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Casino_Amphitheatre_(Tinley_Park,_Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood Casino Amphitheatre (Tinley Park, Illinois)">Hollywood Casino Amphitheatre (Tinley Park, Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamboree_in_the_Hills" title="Jamboree in the Hills">Jamboree in the Hills Festival Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiffy_Lube_Live" title="Jiffy Lube Live">Jiffy Lube Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island_Credit_Union_Amphitheatre" title="North Island Credit Union Amphitheatre">North Island Credit Union Amphitheatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Beach_Theater" title="Jones Beach Theater">Northwell Health at Jones Beach Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Mountain_Amphitheatre" title="Oak Mountain Amphitheatre">Oak Mountain Amphitheatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNC_Bank_Arts_Center" title="PNC Bank Arts Center">PNC Bank Arts Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNC_Music_Pavilion" title="PNC Music Pavilion">PNC Music Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Theatre_(Los_Angeles)" title="Regent Theatre (Los Angeles)">Regent Theatre (Los Angeles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruoff_Music_Center" title="Ruoff Music Center">Ruoff Music Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Amphitheatre" title="Toyota Amphitheatre">Toyota Amphitheatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xfinity_Center_(Mansfield,_Massachusetts)" title="Xfinity Center (Mansfield, Massachusetts)">Xfinity Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_industry528" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_industry" title="Template:Music industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_industry" title="Template talk:Music industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_industry528" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music industry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major companies and organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Mexicana_de_Productores_de_Fonogramas_y_Videogramas" title="Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas">AMPROFON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association" title="Australian Recording Industry Association">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundesverband_Musikindustrie" title="Bundesverband Musikindustrie">BVMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">BPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Canada" title="Music Canada">Music Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">FIMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry">IFPI (worldwide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-M%C3%BAsica_Brasil" title="Pro-Música Brasil">PMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productores_de_M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Productores de Música de España">PROMUSICAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">RIAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG Rights Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Publishing" title="Sony Music Publishing">Sony Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Publishing_Group" title="Universal Music Publishing Group">Universal Music Publishing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Chappell_Music" title="Warner Chappell Music">Warner Chappell Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Music_Publishing" title="Disney Music Publishing">Disney Music Publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Record labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Record_label#Major_labels" title="Record label">Major</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">Independent</a>: <a href="/wiki/Concord_(entertainment_company)" title="Concord (entertainment company)">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_independent_UK_record_labels" title="List of independent UK record labels">Independent UK record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Artists_Music_Group" title="Allied Artists Music Group">AAMG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retailers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_music_store" title="Digital music store">Digital music stores</a> (<a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac">Fnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMV" title="HMV">HMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspien" title="Kaspien">Kaspien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Virgin Megastores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTS_Eventim" title="CTS Eventim">CTS Eventim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveStyle" title="LiveStyle">LiveStyle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ticketmaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_genres_and_styles" title="List of music genres and styles">Major genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">Easy listening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal music">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors and roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_cover#Design" title="Album cover">Album cover design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artists_and_repertoire" title="Artists and repertoire">Artists and repertoire (A&R)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry#Business_structure" title="Music industry">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_law" title="Entertainment law">Entertainment law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_education" title="Music education">Music education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_executive" title="Music executive">Music executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_publisher" title="Music publisher">Music publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_store" title="Music store">Music store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_venue" title="Music venue">Music venue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_audio_store" title="Professional audio store">Professional audio store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoter_(entertainment)" title="Promoter (entertainment)">Promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_promotion" title="Radio promotion">Radio promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Record label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_shop" title="Record shop">Record shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_crew" title="Road crew">Road crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_promoter" title="Tour promoter">Tour promoter</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Production10" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">Arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyricist" title="Lyricist">Lyricist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">Conductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">Orchestrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">Session musician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backing_vocalist" title="Backing vocalist">Backup singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost singer">Ghost singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter" title="Ghostwriter">Ghostwriter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Sound engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recording_format" title="Recording format">Release formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Single</a> (<a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">Extended play (EP)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twelve-inch_single" title="Twelve-inch single">12" single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassette_single" title="Cassette single">Cassette single</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD_single" title="CD single">CD single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxi_single" title="Maxi single">Maxi single</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Album</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_album" title="Double album">Double album</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixtape" title="Mixtape">Mixtape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">Music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_recording" title="Promotional recording">Promotional recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-track_cartridge" title="8-track cartridge">Eight-track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" title="Compact Cassette">Compact cassette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airplay" title="Airplay">Airplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">Music download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_streaming_service" title="Music streaming service">Music streaming service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_tour" title="Concert tour">Concert tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_residency" title="Concert residency">Concert residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">Music festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_competition" title="Music competition">Music competition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Record_chart" title="Record chart">Charts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARIA_Charts" title="ARIA Charts">ARIA Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_Hot_100" title="Argentina Hot 100">Billboard Argentina Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasil_Hot_100" title="Brasil Hot 100">Billboard Brasil Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100" title="Canadian Hot 100">Canadian Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Chart" title="Circle Chart">Circle Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Music" title="G-Music">G-Music chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Singles_Chart" title="Irish Singles Chart">Irish Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">Italian singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GfK_Entertainment_charts" title="GfK Entertainment charts">GfK Entertainment charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Monitoring_Africa" title="Entertainment Monitoring Africa">Entertainment Monitoring Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_New_Zealand_Music_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Official New Zealand Music Chart">New Zealand singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_charts" title="Rolling Stone charts">Rolling Stone Top 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino_Chart" title="Sino Chart">Sino Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverigetopplistan" title="Sverigetopplistan">Sverigetopplistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_singles_chart" title="UK singles chart">UK singles chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HitQuarters" title="HitQuarters">HitQuarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Press" title="Hot Press">Hot Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!" title="Kerrang!">Kerrang!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musica_e_dischi" title="Musica e dischi">Musica e dischi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_(magazine)" title="Q (magazine)">Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smash_Hits" title="Smash Hits">Smash Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops_(magazine)" title="Top of the Pops (magazine)">Top of the Pops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_television" title="Music television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_V" title="Channel V">Channel V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMT_(American_TV_channel)" title="CMT (American TV channel)">CMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(TV_channel)" title="Fuse (TV channel)">Fuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnet_(TV_channel)" title="Mnet (TV channel)">Mnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_(TV_channel)" title="Much (TV channel)">MuchMusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Factory" title="The Music Factory">The Music Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIVA_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="VIVA Media">Viva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Network" title="The Country Network">The Country Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idol_(franchise)" title="Idol (franchise)">Idol franchise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popstars" title="Popstars">Popstars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Academy" title="Star Academy">Star Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Four_(franchise)" title="The Four (franchise)">The Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_(franchise)" title="The Voice (franchise)">The Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor" title="The X Factor">The X Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(franchise)" title="Rising Star (franchise)">Rising Star</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Achievements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_award" title="Music award">Music award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">Best-selling music artists</a> <ul><li>In: <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Finland" title="List of best-selling music artists in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_Germany" title="List of highest-certified music artists in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling music artists in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_female_music_artists_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of best-selling female music artists in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (Females)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_the_United_States" title="List of highest-certified music artists in the United States">United States</a></li> <li>Genre: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_gospel_music_artists" title="List of best-selling gospel music artists">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Latin_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Latin music artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nationality: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Belgian_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Belgian music artists">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil#Best-selling_Brazilian_artists_worldwide" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biggest-selling_British_music_artists" title="List of biggest-selling British music artists">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estimated_best-selling_Italian_music_artists" title="List of estimated best-selling Italian music artists">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Swedish_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Swedish music artists">Swedish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">Best-selling albums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_by_country" title="List of best-selling albums by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles" title="List of best-selling singles">Best-selling singles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_by_country" title="List of best-selling singles by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_world%27s_highest-paid_musicians" title="Forbes list of the world's highest-paid musicians">Highest-paid musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists" title="List of highest-grossing live music artists">Highest-grossing live music artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours">Highest-grossing concert tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_women" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by women">by women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_Latin_artists" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by Latin artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concert_tours" title="List of most-attended concert tours">Most-attended concert tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concerts" title="List of most-attended concerts">Most-attended concerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Recording_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Global Recording Artist of the Year">Global Recording Artist of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth" title="List of music artists by net worth">Wealthiest musical artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_era" title="Album era">Album era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-equivalent_unit" title="Album-equivalent unit">Album-equivalent unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">A-side and B-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backmasking" title="Backmasking">Backmasking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">Bootleg recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music_industry" title="Christian music industry">Christian music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_music_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of the music industry">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_track" title="Hidden track">Hidden track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_music_deals" title="List of largest music deals">Largest music deals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_recorded_music_markets" title="List of largest recorded music markets">Largest recorded music markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_albums" title="List of most expensive albums">Most expensive albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_valuable_records" title="List of most valuable records">Most valuable records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_recording_certification" title="Music recording certification">Music certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_Advisory" title="Parental Advisory">Parental Advisory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_sales" title="Record sales">Record sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surprise_album" title="Surprise album">Surprise album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_label_record" title="White label record">White label</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/16px-45_record.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74fffdc954-d5kfm","wgBackendResponseTime":151,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.605","walltime":"1.806","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8144,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":334054,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3255,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":536115,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1563.918 1 -total"," 59.69% 933.502 1 Template:Reflist"," 26.24% 410.401 71 Template:Cite_web"," 17.58% 274.898 50 Template:Cite_news"," 9.00% 140.677 1 Template:Lang"," 8.85% 138.367 5 Template:Navbox"," 8.23% 128.633 1 Template:Infobox_company"," 7.48% 117.012 1 Template:Infobox"," 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