CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Ensuring European Security and Stability - Intereconomics</title> <base href="https://www.intereconomics.eu/"> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="generator" content="Contao Open Source CMS"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/55245e8396cb.css"> <script src="assets/js/c8d97feb7fe7.js"></script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle" } </script> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ensuring European Security and Stability"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Intereconomics"> <meta property="og:description" content="After decades of relative peace and security, Europe is faced with a conflict on its doorstep that threatens to upend the recent stability and shift geopolitical order. Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine has forced Europe to confront its shortcomings with regard to providing its own security and to reconsider its reliance on the United States, which may be – under a potential Trump administration – much less supportive. This Forum focuses on what needs to be done now to address Europe’s security concerns and guarantee stability for the foreseeable future. Is meeting NATO spending targets enough to support European defence? What would it take to make Europe more self-sufficient? How does Europe protect itself against malicious cyberattacks? And what role do women specifically play in supporting defence efforts and future reconstruction in Ukraine?"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.intereconomics.eu/files/images/general/opengraph-image-ie.png"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2024/number/4/article/ensuring-european-security-and-stability.html"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@Intereconomics_"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Ensuring European Security and Stability"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="After decades of relative peace and security, Europe is faced with a conflict on its doorstep that threatens to upend the recent stability and shift geopolitical order. Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine has forced Europe to confront its shortcomings with regard to providing its own security and to reconsider its reliance on the United States, which may be – under a potential Trump administration – much less supportive. This Forum focuses on what needs to be done now to address Europe’s security concerns and guarantee stability for the foreseeable future. Is meeting NATO spending targets enough to support European defence? What would it take to make Europe more self-sufficient? How does Europe protect itself against malicious cyberattacks? And what role do women specifically play in supporting defence efforts and future reconstruction in Ukraine?"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.intereconomics.eu/files/images/general/twitter-image-ie.png"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Ensuring European Security and Stability"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="2024"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="4"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="188"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="188"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.intereconomics.eu/pdf-download/year/2024/number/4/article/ensuring-european-security-and-stability.html"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//fast.fonts.net/cssapi/0743c75c-9da2-4771-a554-5b5cfdf97ef4.css"/>     <script type="text/javascript"> //var et_pagename = ""; //var et_areas = ""; //var et_url = ""; //var et_target = ""; //var et_tval = ""; //var et_tonr = ""; //var et_tsale = 0; //var et_basket = ""; //var et_cust = 0; </script> <script id="_etLoader" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-block-cookies="true" data-respect-dnt="true" data-secure-code="JoEoHm" src="//static.etracker.com/code/e.js"></script>   </head> <body id="top" class="win ie trident ie7 standard ie intereconomics"> <div id="sidedrawer-wrapper" class="sidedrawer-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="sidedrawer-overlay"> </div> <div class="sidedrawer" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="sidedrawer-title"> <header> <h2 id="sidedrawer-title" class="offscreen">Navigation</h2> <button class="sidedrawer-button-close" aria-label="Close menu"><svg width="24px" height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <title>Close menu</title> <g id="icon-close" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <path d="M2,0 L22,0 C23.1045695,0 24,0.8954305 24,2 L24,22 C24,23.1045695 23.1045695,24 22,24 L2,24 C0.8954305,24 0,23.1045695 0,22 L0,2 C0,0.8954305 0.8954305,0 2,0 Z" id="icon-close-bg" fill="#006AB2"></path> <path d="M6.29289322,6.29289322 C6.65337718,5.93240926 7.22060824,5.90467972 7.61289944,6.20970461 L7.70710678,6.29289322 L11.949,10.535 L16.1923882,6.29289322 C16.5829124,5.90236893 17.2160774,5.90236893 17.6066017,6.29289322 C17.9670857,6.65337718 17.9948152,7.22060824 17.6897903,7.61289944 L17.6066017,7.70710678 L13.364,11.949 L17.6066017,16.1923882 L17.6897903,16.2865955 C17.9948152,16.6788867 17.9670857,17.2461178 17.6066017,17.6066017 C17.2461178,17.9670857 16.6788867,17.9948152 16.2865955,17.6897903 L16.1923882,17.6066017 L11.949,13.364 L7.70710678,17.6066017 C7.31658249,17.997126 6.68341751,17.997126 6.29289322,17.6066017 C5.93240926,17.2461178 5.90467972,16.6788867 6.20970461,16.2865955 L6.29289322,16.1923882 L10.535,11.949 L6.29289322,7.70710678 L6.20970461,7.61289944 C5.90467972,7.22060824 5.93240926,6.65337718 6.29289322,6.29289322 Z" id="icon-close-x" fill="#FFFFFF" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </g> </svg></button> </header> <div id="sidedrawer-content" class="sidedrawer-content"> <div class="sidedrawer-section sidedrawer-section-link"> <p class="sidedrawer-section-link-p"><a href="/">Home</a></p> </div> <div class="sidedrawer-section sidedrawer-section-navbar"> <ul class="sidedrawer-section-navbar-ul level_1"> <li class="first"> <a href="archive/year/2024/number/5.html">Current issue</a> </li> <li> <a href="archive.html">Volumes</a> </li> <li> <a href="authors.html">Authors</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="sidedrawer-section sidedrawer-section-navbar"> <ul class="sidedrawer-section-navbar-ul level_1"> <li class="first"> <a href="events.html">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="about-us.html">About us</a> </li> <li> <a href="submissions.html">Submissions</a> </li> <li> <a href="order.html">Order</a> </li> <li> <a href="contact.html">Contact</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="sidedrawer-section sidedrawer-section-button"> <p><a href="newsletter.html" class="button">Newsletter</a></p> <p class="sidedrawer-section-social"><a href="https://twitter.com/Intereconomics_" class="sidedrawer-section-social-list-item" target="_blank"><svg role="img" width="50px" height="50px" viewBox="0 0 50 50" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-labelledby="svg-title-x"> <title id="svg-title-x">Intereconomics on X</title> <g id="icon-x" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <circle id="bg" fill="#006AB2" cx="25" cy="25" r="25"></circle> <path d="M31.8996089,14 L35.5814863,14 L27.5397653,23.1890482 L37,35.6949153 L29.5945241,35.6949153 L23.7900913,28.1121252 L17.1564537,35.6949153 L13.4693611,35.6949153 L22.0691004,25.8644068 L13,14 L20.5932203,14 L25.8344198,20.9308996 L31.8996089,14 Z M30.6062581,33.494133 L32.6453716,33.494133 L19.482399,16.0860495 L17.2920469,16.0860495 L30.6062581,33.494133 Z" id="icon" fill="#FFFFFF" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </g> </svg></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/intereconomics" class="sidedrawer-section-social-list-item" target="_blank"><svg role="img" width="50px" height="50px" viewBox="0 0 50 50" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-labelledby="svg-title-linkedin"> <title id="svg-title-linkedin">Intereconomics on LinkedIn</title> <g id="icon-linkedin" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <circle id="bg" fill="#006AB2" cx="25" cy="25" r="25"></circle> <path d="M18.9244643,34 L14.3633929,34 L14.3633929,19.3117257 L18.9244643,19.3117257 L18.9244643,34 Z M16.6414732,17.3081095 C15.1829911,17.3081095 14,16.1000468 14,14.6415321 C14,13.1826542 15.1826279,12 16.6414732,12 C18.1003186,12 19.2829464,13.1826542 19.2829464,14.6415321 C19.2829464,16.1000468 18.0994643,17.3081095 16.6414732,17.3081095 Z M35.9950893,34 L31.4438393,34 L31.4438393,26.8498404 C31.4438393,25.1457845 31.4094643,22.9604678 29.0724554,22.9604678 C26.7010714,22.9604678 26.3376786,24.8118485 26.3376786,26.7270698 L26.3376786,34 L21.7815179,34 L21.7815179,19.3117257 L26.1559821,19.3117257 L26.1559821,21.3153418 L26.2198214,21.3153418 C26.82875,20.1612982 28.3162054,18.9434139 30.5353571,18.9434139 C35.1514286,18.9434139 36,21.9832139 36,25.9315163 L36,34 L35.9950893,34 Z" id="icon" fill="#FFFFFF" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </g> </svg></a></p> </div> <div class="sidedrawer-section sidedrawer-section-footernav"> <div class="sidedrawer-section-part-1"> </div> <div class="sidedrawer-section-part-2"> <ul class="sidedrawer-section-footernav-ul level_1"> <li class="first"> <a href="data-protection.html">Data protection</a> </li> <li> <a href="imprint.html">Imprint</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="zbw-flag"> <p> <span class="zbw-flag-text">A service of the</span> <span class="zbw-flag-logo"><a href="http://www.zbw.eu/en/" target="_blank">ZBW</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="wrapper"> <header id="header" class="header"> <div class="inside"> <div class="header-sidedrawer-button-wrapper"> <button class="header-sidedrawer-button" data-custom-open="sidedrawer-wrapper"><svg width="28px" height="28px" viewBox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <title>Navigation öffnen</title> <g id="lines" transform="translate(3.000000, 6.000000)" fill="#FFFFFF"> <rect id="line" x="0" y="0" width="22" height="2" rx="1"></rect> <rect id="line" x="0" y="7" width="22" height="2" rx="1"></rect> <rect id="line" x="0" y="14" width="22" height="2" rx="1"></rect> </g> </svg></button> </div> <div class="header-logo header-logo-intereconomics" role="banner"> <p><a href="/"><strong class="header-logo-intereconomics-line-1">Intereconomics<br /></strong> <em class="header-logo-intereconomics-line-2">Review of European Economic Policy</em></a> </p> </div> <div class="header-search-nav"> <div class="inside">  <div class="mod_form header-search block" id="header-search"> <form action="search.html" method="get" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" novalidate> <div class="formbody"> <input type="text" name="query" id="ctrl_117" class="text" value="" placeholder="Search for articles"> <input type="image" src="/files/images/global-icons/icon-search-submit-purple.png" data-hover-src="/files/images/global-icons/icon-search-submit-blue.png" alt="Start search" title="Suche starten" width="28" height="28" id="ctrl_117_submit" class="submit"> </div> </form> </div>  <div class="header-navbar-articles"> <div class="inside"> <nav class="mod_customnav block"> <ul class="level_1"> <li class="first"> <a href="archive/year/2024/number/5.html">Current issue</a> </li> <li> <a href="archive.html">Volumes</a> </li> <li> <a href="authors.html">Authors</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="container" class="content-container content-1-col"> <div class="inside"> <main id="main" class="content-main"> <div class="inside"> <div id="breadcrumb" class="content content-breadcrumb">  <div class="mod_breadcrumb block"> <p class="breadcrumb-p"> <span class="first"><a href="">Intereconomics</a></span><span class="breadcrumb-divider"> / </span> <span><a href="archive.html">Volumes</a></span><span class="breadcrumb-divider"> / </span> <span><a href="archive/year/2024.html">2024</a></span><span class="breadcrumb-divider"> / </span> <span><a href="archive/year/2024/number/4.html">Number 4</a></span><span class="breadcrumb-divider"> / </span> <strong class="active last">Ensuring European Security and Stability</strong> </p> </div>  </div> <div class="mod_article first last block" id="article-582"> <div class="mod_journalStoryReader story-wrapper block"> <div class="story-meta"> <div class="story-meta-info"> <p class="story-meta-section"><strong>Forum</strong></p> <p class="story-meta-year-issue-page">Volume 59, 2024 <span class="story-meta-divider">·</span> Number 4 <span class="story-meta-divider">·</span> p. 188</p> </div> <div class="story-meta-title"> <h1>Ensuring European Security and Stability</h1> </div> </div> <div class="story-icons"> <div class="story-share story-share-single-list"> <ul> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2024/number/4/article/ensuring-european-security-and-stability.html&text=Ensuring+European+Security+and+Stability+via+@Intereconomics_" title="Share on X" target="_blank"><svg width="26px" height="26px" viewBox="0 0 26 26" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-labelledby="title-share-x"> <title id="title-share-x">Share on X</title> <g id="ixon-x" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <path d="M19.3246415,3 L22.6996958,3 L15.3281182,11.4232942 L24,22.8870056 L17.2116471,22.8870056 L11.890917,15.9361147 L5.81008257,22.8870056 L2.43024772,22.8870056 L10.313342,13.8757062 L2,3 L8.96045198,3 L13.7648848,9.35332464 L19.3246415,3 Z M18.13907,20.8696219 L20.0082573,20.8696219 L7.94219904,4.91221208 L5.93437636,4.91221208 L18.13907,20.8696219 Z" id="icon" fill="#006AB2" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </g> </svg></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2024/number/4/article/ensuring-european-security-and-stability.html&title=Ensuring+European+Security+and+Stability&source=intereconomics.eu" title="Share on LinkedIn" target="_blank"><svg width="26px" height="26px" viewBox="0 0 26 26" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-labelledby="title-share-linkedin"> <title id="title-share-linkedin">Share on LinkedIn</title> <g id="ixon-share-linkedin-de" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <path d="M7.06254464,23.75 L2.60513393,23.75 L2.60513393,9.3955501 L7.06254464,9.3955501 L7.06254464,23.75 Z M4.83143973,7.43747067 C3.40610491,7.43747067 2.25,6.25686396 2.25,4.83149732 C2.25,3.40577571 3.40574995,2.25 4.83143973,2.25 C6.25712951,2.25 7.41287946,3.40577571 7.41287946,4.83149732 C7.41287946,6.25686396 6.25629464,7.43747067 4.83143973,7.43747067 Z M23.7452009,23.75 L19.2973884,23.75 L19.2973884,16.762344 C19.2973884,15.0970167 19.2637946,12.9613663 16.9798996,12.9613663 C14.6624107,12.9613663 14.3072768,14.7706701 14.3072768,16.6423637 L14.3072768,23.75 L9.85466518,23.75 L9.85466518,9.3955501 L14.1297098,9.3955501 L14.1297098,11.3536295 L14.1920982,11.3536295 C14.7871875,10.2258142 16.2408371,9.03560903 18.4095536,9.03560903 C22.9207143,9.03560903 23.75,12.0063227 23.75,15.8648909 L23.75,23.75 L23.7452009,23.75 Z" id="icon" fill="#006AB2" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </g> </svg></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2024/number/4/article/ensuring-european-security-and-stability.html" title="Share on Facebook" target="_blank"><svg width="26px" height="26px" viewBox="0 0 26 26" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <title>Share on Facebook</title> <g id="icon-facebook"> <path d="M14.25,6.5 L18,6.5 L18,2 L14.25,2 C11.355,2 9,4.355 9,7.25 L9,9.5 L6,9.5 L6,14 L9,14 L9,26 L13.5,26 L13.5,14 L17.25,14 L18,9.5 L13.5,9.5 L13.5,7.25 C13.5,6.8435 13.8435,6.5 14.25,6.5 Z" id="icon" fill="#006AB2" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </g> </svg></a></li> <li><a href="mailto:?subject=Intereconomics%3A%20%22Ensuring%20European%20Security%20and%20Stability%22&body=https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2024/number/4/article/ensuring-european-security-and-stability.html" title="Share per e-mail"><svg width="26px" height="26px" viewBox="0 0 26 26" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <title>Share per e-mail</title> <g id="icon-e-mail"> <path d="M12.9995423,13.68 C11.2116017,13.68 2,6.54408 2,6.54408 L2,5.76 C2,4.78848 2.82027381,4 3.8327993,4 L22.1662852,4 C23.1797262,4 24,4.78848 24,5.76 L23.9853523,6.64 C23.9853523,6.64 14.8735383,13.68 12.9995423,13.68 Z M12.9995423,15.6428571 C14.9595939,15.6428571 23.9853523,9 23.9853523,9 L24,19.2857143 C24,20.232 23.1797262,21 22.1662852,21 L3.8327993,21 C2.8211893,21 2,20.232 2,19.2857143 L2.01464775,9 C2.01373226,9 11.2116017,15.6428571 12.9995423,15.6428571 Z" id="icon" fill="#006AB2" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </g> </svg></a></li> <li><a href="pdf-download/year/2024/number/4/article/ensuring-european-security-and-stability.html"><svg width="24px" height="38px" viewBox="0 0 24 38" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <title>Download article as PDF</title> <g id="download-icon-pdf"> <rect fill="#FFFFFF" x="0" y="0" width="24" height="38"></rect> <path d="M2.46121148,36 L2.46121148,32.929972 L4.68225292,32.929972 C5.27453064,32.929972 5.75770457,32.8496732 6.13177471,32.6890756 C6.50584485,32.5284781 6.79419058,32.32493 6.9968119,32.0784314 C7.19943323,31.8319328 7.33776125,31.5648926 7.41179596,31.2773109 C7.48583068,30.9897292 7.52284803,30.7226891 7.52284803,30.4761905 C7.52284803,30.2296919 7.48583068,29.9607843 7.41179596,29.6694678 C7.33776125,29.3781513 7.19943323,29.1092437 6.9968119,28.8627451 C6.79419058,28.6162465 6.50584485,28.410831 6.13177471,28.2464986 C5.75770457,28.0821662 5.27453064,28 4.68225292,28 L1,28 L1,36 L2.46121148,36 Z M4.60042508,31.7871148 L2.46121148,31.7871148 L2.46121148,29.1428571 L4.62380446,29.1428571 C4.81863266,29.1428571 5.00177117,29.1615313 5.17321998,29.1988796 C5.34466879,29.2362278 5.49663479,29.3053221 5.62911796,29.4061625 C5.76160113,29.5070028 5.86680836,29.643324 5.94473964,29.8151261 C6.02267092,29.9869281 6.06163656,30.2035481 6.06163656,30.464986 C6.06163656,30.7189542 6.01682607,30.929972 5.9272051,31.0980392 C5.83758413,31.2661064 5.72068721,31.4005602 5.57651435,31.5014006 C5.43234148,31.6022409 5.27453064,31.67507 5.10308183,31.719888 C4.93163301,31.7647059 4.76408077,31.7871148 4.60042508,31.7871148 L4.60042508,31.7871148 Z M12.2571732,36 C12.8962097,36 13.4495218,35.8954248 13.9171095,35.6862745 C14.3846971,35.4771242 14.7665604,35.1914099 15.0626993,34.8291317 C15.3588381,34.4668534 15.578994,34.0429505 15.7231668,33.557423 C15.8673397,33.0718954 15.9394261,32.5527544 15.9394261,32 C15.9394261,31.4472456 15.8673397,30.9281046 15.7231668,30.442577 C15.578994,29.9570495 15.3588381,29.5331466 15.0626993,29.1708683 C14.7665604,28.8085901 14.3846971,28.5228758 13.9171095,28.3137255 C13.4495218,28.1045752 12.8962097,28 12.2571732,28 L12.2571732,28 L8.79702444,28 L8.79702444,36 L12.2571732,36 Z M11.696068,34.8571429 L10.2582359,34.8571429 L10.2582359,29.1428571 L11.696068,29.1428571 C12.2649663,29.1428571 12.7306057,29.2156863 13.0929862,29.3613445 C13.4553666,29.5070028 13.7398158,29.7086835 13.9463337,29.9663866 C14.1528516,30.2240896 14.2931279,30.5266106 14.3671626,30.8739496 C14.4411973,31.2212885 14.4782147,31.5966387 14.4782147,32 C14.4782147,32.4033613 14.4411973,32.7787115 14.3671626,33.1260504 C14.2931279,33.4733894 14.1528516,33.7759104 13.9463337,34.0336134 C13.7398158,34.2913165 13.4553666,34.4929972 13.0929862,34.6386555 C12.7306057,34.7843137 12.2649663,34.8571429 11.696068,34.8571429 L11.696068,34.8571429 Z M18.6981934,36 L18.6981934,32.4481793 L22.4739639,32.4481793 L22.4739639,31.3053221 L18.6981934,31.3053221 L18.6981934,29.210084 L23,29.210084 L23,28 L17.2369819,28 L17.2369819,36 L18.6981934,36 Z" id="download-icon-pdf-1" fill="#006AB2" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> <path d="M11.0943921,7.61086702 L11.0943921,7.61086702 L11.0943921,7.61086702 C11.223288,7.09528357 11.3521839,6.83749185 11.3521839,6.45080426 L11.3521839,6.19301253 C11.4810797,5.54853322 11.4810797,5.03294977 11.3521839,4.90405391 C11.3521839,4.90405391 11.3521839,4.90405391 11.3521839,4.77515804 L11.223288,4.64626218 L11.223288,4.64626218 C11.223288,4.64626218 11.223288,4.77515804 11.0943921,4.77515804 C10.8366004,5.54853322 10.8366004,6.45080426 11.0943921,7.61086702 L11.0943921,7.61086702 L11.0943921,7.61086702 Z M7.22751626,16.5046816 C6.96972453,16.6335774 6.71193281,16.7624733 6.58303694,16.8913691 C5.6807659,17.6647443 5.03628659,18.5670154 4.90739073,18.953703 L4.90739073,18.953703 C5.6807659,18.8248071 6.45414108,18.0514319 7.22751626,16.5046816 L7.22751626,16.5046816 L7.22751626,16.5046816 L7.22751626,16.5046816 Z M19.0859356,14.5712436 C18.9570398,14.4423478 18.4414563,14.0556602 16.6369142,14.0556602 L16.3791225,14.0556602 L16.3791225,14.0556602 C16.3791225,14.0556602 16.3791225,14.0556602 16.3791225,14.184556 C17.2813936,14.5712436 18.1836646,14.8290353 18.8281439,14.8290353 L19.0859356,14.8290353 L19.0859356,14.8290353 L19.2148315,14.8290353 C19.2148315,14.8290353 19.2148315,14.8290353 19.2148315,14.7001395 L19.2148315,14.7001395 C19.2148315,14.7001395 19.0859356,14.7001395 19.0859356,14.5712436 L19.0859356,14.5712436 Z M20.5555556,1 L3.44444444,1 C2.1,1 1,2.1 1,3.44444444 L1,20.5555556 C1,21.9 2.1,23 3.44444444,23 L20.5555556,23 C21.9,23 23,21.9 23,20.5555556 L23,3.44444444 C23,2.1 21.9,1 20.5555556,1 L20.5555556,1 Z M19.6015191,15.6024105 C19.3437274,15.7313064 18.9570398,15.8602022 18.4414563,15.8602022 C17.4102894,15.8602022 15.8635391,15.6024105 14.5745804,14.9579312 C12.3833508,15.2157229 10.7077046,15.4735147 9.41874592,15.9890981 C9.28985006,15.9890981 9.28985006,15.9890981 9.1609542,16.117994 C7.61420384,18.8248071 6.32524522,20.1137657 5.29407831,20.1137657 C5.03628659,20.1137657 4.90739073,20.1137657 4.77849486,19.9848699 L4.13401555,19.5981823 L4.13401555,19.4692864 C4.00511969,19.2114947 4.00511969,19.0825988 4.00511969,18.8248071 C4.13401555,18.1803278 4.90739073,17.020265 6.45414108,16.117994 C6.71193281,15.9890981 7.09862039,15.7313064 7.61420384,15.4735147 C8.00089143,14.8290353 8.38757902,14.0556602 8.90316247,13.1533891 C9.54764179,11.8644305 9.93432938,10.5754719 10.321017,9.4154091 L10.321017,9.4154091 C9.80543351,7.86865875 9.54764179,6.96638771 10.0632252,5.16184563 C10.1921211,4.64626218 10.5788087,4.13067873 11.0943921,4.13067873 L11.3521839,4.13067873 C11.6099756,4.13067873 11.8677673,4.25957459 12.125559,4.38847045 C13.0278301,5.29074149 12.6411425,7.3530753 12.125559,9.02872152 L12.125559,9.15761738 C12.6411425,10.5754719 13.4145177,11.7355346 14.1878928,12.5089098 C14.5745804,12.7667015 14.8323722,13.0244933 15.3479556,13.282285 C15.9924349,13.282285 16.5080184,13.1533891 17.0236018,13.1533891 C18.5703522,13.1533891 19.6015191,13.4111809 19.9882067,14.0556602 C20.1171025,14.3134519 20.1171025,14.5712436 20.1171025,14.8290353 C19.9882067,14.9579312 19.8593108,15.3446188 19.6015191,15.6024105 L19.6015191,15.6024105 Z M11.223288,10.5754719 C10.9654963,11.4777429 10.4499128,12.5089098 9.93432938,13.6689726 C9.67653765,14.184556 9.41874592,14.5712436 9.1609542,15.0868271 L9.28985006,15.0868271 L9.41874592,15.0868271 C11.0943921,14.4423478 12.6411425,14.0556602 13.6723094,13.9267643 C13.4145177,13.7978684 13.2856218,13.6689726 13.1567259,13.5400767 C12.5122466,12.7667015 11.7388715,11.7355346 11.223288,10.5754719 L11.223288,10.5754719 Z" id="download-icon-pdf-2" fill="#006AB2" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </g> </svg></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="story-content"> <div id="_idContainer000"> <p class="story-paragraph-intro">After decades of relative peace and security, Europe is faced with a conflict on its doorstep that threatens to upend the recent stability and shift geopolitical order. Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine has forced Europe to confront its shortcomings with regard to providing its own security and to reconsider its reliance on the United States, which may be – under a potential Trump administration – much less supportive. This Forum focuses on what needs to be done now to address Europe’s security concerns and guarantee stability for the foreseeable future. Is meeting NATO spending targets enough to support European defence? What would it take to make Europe more self-sufficient? How does Europe protect itself against malicious cyberattacks? And what role do women specifically play in supporting defence efforts and future reconstruction in Ukraine?</p> </div> </div> <ul class="journal-toc-list"><li class="journal-toc-list-item"> <div class="journal-toc-list-item-text"> <h3 class="journal-toc-list-item-title"><a href="contents/year/2024/number/4/article/the-challenges-of-defence-spending-in-europe.html" class="journal-toc-list-item-title-link">The Challenges of Defence Spending in Europe</a></h3> <p class="journal-toc-list-item-author"> Daniel Fiott </p> </div> </li> <li class="journal-toc-list-item"> <div class="journal-toc-list-item-text"> <h3 class="journal-toc-list-item-title"><a href="contents/year/2024/number/4/article/debt-financing-european-air-defence.html" class="journal-toc-list-item-title-link">Debt Financing European Air Defence</a></h3> <p class="journal-toc-list-item-author"> Armin Steinbach, Guntram B. Wolff </p> </div> </li> <li class="journal-toc-list-item"> <div class="journal-toc-list-item-text"> <h3 class="journal-toc-list-item-title"><a href="contents/year/2024/number/4/article/hardening-norms-and-networks-europe-s-cyber-defence-posture.html" class="journal-toc-list-item-title-link">Hardening Norms and Networks: Europe’s Cyber Defence Posture</a></h3> <p class="journal-toc-list-item-author"> Annegret Bendiek, Jakob Bund </p> </div> </li> <li class="journal-toc-list-item"> <div class="journal-toc-list-item-text"> <h3 class="journal-toc-list-item-title"><a href="contents/year/2024/number/4/article/defence-spending-for-europe-s-security-how-much-is-enough.html" class="journal-toc-list-item-title-link">Defence Spending for Europe’s Security – How Much Is Enough?</a></h3> <p class="journal-toc-list-item-author"> Florian Dorn </p> </div> </li> <li class="journal-toc-list-item"> <div class="journal-toc-list-item-text"> <h3 class="journal-toc-list-item-title"><a href="contents/year/2024/number/4/article/the-essential-role-of-women-in-european-security.html" class="journal-toc-list-item-title-link">The Essential Role of Women in European Security</a></h3> <p class="journal-toc-list-item-author"> Aida A. Hozić </p> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="story-license-doi"> <div class="story-license"><p>© The Author(s) 2024</p> <p>Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/<wbr>licenses/<wbr>by/4.0/</a>).</p> <p>Open Access funding provided by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.</p></div> <div class="story-doi"> <p> <a href="https://doi.org/10.2478/ie-2024-0038"> <img src="/files/system/images/logo-sciendo.png" width="150" height="32" alt="Sciendo" class="story-doi-sciendo-logo story-doi-springer-link-logo"><br>DOI: 10.2478/ie-2024-0038 </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> </div> <div id="outro" class="content content-outro"> <div class="mod_article first last block" id="article-632"> <div class="mod_econBizSearchResults outro-box outro-box-econbiz block"> <h2>Search results on EconBiz</h2> <div class="text_container"> <ul class="list-econbiz-results"> <li class="list-econbiz-results-item"> <strong></strong><a href="https://www.econbiz.de/Record/10014512653">European defence spending in 2024 and beyond: How to provide security in an economically challenging environment</a></strong><br> Dorn, Florian; Potrafke, Niklas; Schlepper, Marcel </li> <li class="list-econbiz-results-item"> <strong></strong><a href="https://www.econbiz.de/Record/10014520535">Access to equity financing for European defence SMEs</a></strong><br> Delponte, Laura; Giffoni, Francesco; Bovagnet, Anthony; Picarella, Francesa; Tanghe, Thomas; Caccavallo, Gaetano; Thiele, Ralph </li> <li class="list-econbiz-results-item"> <strong></strong><a href="https://www.econbiz.de/Record/10014496854">European defence spending in 2024 and beyond : how to provide security in an economically challenging environment</a></strong><br> Dorn, Florian; Potrafke, Niklas; Schlepper, Marcel </li> <li class="list-econbiz-results-item"> <strong></strong><a href="https://www.econbiz.de/Record/10014316226">What would Europeans want a European defence union to look like?</a></strong><br> Nicoli, Francesco; Burgoon, Brian; Van der Duin, David </li> <li class="list-econbiz-results-item"> <strong></strong><a href="https://www.econbiz.de/Record/10014081548">Differentiated Integration in European Defence Policy and the Economic and Monetary Union</a></strong><br> Miller, Lewis </li> </ul> <p><a href="https://www.econbiz.de/Search/Results?lookfor=%28%22European+defence%22%29+AND+NOT+isPartOf%3A">Show all results</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="mod_relatedStories outro-box outro-box-econbiz block"> <h2>Related articles in Intereconomics</h2>  <div class="text_container"> <ul class="list-econbiz-results"> <li class="list-econbiz-results-item"> <a href="https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2022/number/2/article/will-economic-pressures-weaken-putin-s-position.html">Will Economic Pressures Weaken Putin’s Position?</a><br> Anders Åslund </li> <li class="list-econbiz-results-item"> <a href="https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2024/number/5/article/a-challenging-juncture-for-von-der-leyen-ii.html">A Challenging Juncture for von der Leyen II</a><br> Karel Lannoo </li> <li class="list-econbiz-results-item"> <a href="https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2024/number/4/article/hardening-norms-and-networks-europe-s-cyber-defence-posture.html">Hardening Norms and Networks: Europe’s Cyber Defence Posture</a><br> Annegret Bendiek; Jakob Bund </li> <li class="list-econbiz-results-item"> <a href="https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2022/number/3/article/the-eu-s-ukraine-watershed-fast-forward-to-european-defence-union.html">The EU’s Ukraine Watershed: Fast Forward to European Defence Union</a><br> Dylan Macchiarini Crosson; Steven Blockmans </li> <li class="list-econbiz-results-item"> <a href="https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2024/number/4/article/defence-spending-for-europe-s-security-how-much-is-enough.html">Defence Spending for Europe’s Security – How Much Is Enough?</a><br> Florian Dorn </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="footer"> <div class="inside"> <div class="footer-block-1"> <div class="footer-newsletter"> <div class="inside"> <h2>Subscribe to our newsletter</h2> <p><a href="newsletter.html" class="button">Sign up now</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-block-2"> <div class="inside"> <div class="footer-info"> <p>Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. It provides up-to-date information for policymakers and supports the exchange of ideas for the improvement of policy approaches. Intereconomics represents over 50 years of economic policy oriented publishing.</p> <p><a href="about-us.html" class="button button-border grey">More about us</a></p> </div> <div class="footer-navbar"> <div class="footer-navbar-block footer-navbar-block-1"> <p class="footer-navbar-block-1-p"><a href="/">Home</a></p> <ul class="footer-navbar-block-1-ul"> <li class="first"> <a href="archive/year/2024/number/5.html">Current issue</a> </li> <li> <a href="archive.html">Volumes</a> </li> <li> <a href="authors.html">Authors</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-navbar-block footer-navbar-block-2"> <ul class="footer-navbar-block-2-p"> <li class="first"> <a href="events.html">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="about-us.html">About us</a> </li> <li> <a href="submissions.html">Submissions</a> </li> <li> <a href="order.html">Order</a> </li> <li> <a href="contact.html">Contact</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="footer-navbar-legal-social"> <div class="footer-navbar-legal"> <ul> <li class="first"> <a href="imprint.html">Imprint</a> </li> <li> <a href="data-protection.html">Data protection</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-navbar-social"> <p class="footer-social"><a href="https://twitter.com/Intereconomics_" class="footer-social-link" target="_blank"><svg role="img" width="50px" height="50px" viewBox="0 0 50 50" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-labelledby="svg-title-x"> <title id="svg-title-x">Intereconomics on X</title> <g id="icon-x" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <circle id="bg" fill="#006AB2" cx="25" cy="25" r="25"></circle> <path d="M31.8996089,14 L35.5814863,14 L27.5397653,23.1890482 L37,35.6949153 L29.5945241,35.6949153 L23.7900913,28.1121252 L17.1564537,35.6949153 L13.4693611,35.6949153 L22.0691004,25.8644068 L13,14 L20.5932203,14 L25.8344198,20.9308996 L31.8996089,14 Z M30.6062581,33.494133 L32.6453716,33.494133 L19.482399,16.0860495 L17.2920469,16.0860495 L30.6062581,33.494133 Z" id="icon" fill="#FFFFFF" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </g> </svg></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/intereconomics" class="footer-social-link" target="_blank"><svg role="img" width="50px" height="50px" viewBox="0 0 50 50" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-labelledby="svg-title-linkedin"> <title id="svg-title-linkedin">Intereconomics on LinkedIn</title> <g id="icon-linkedin" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <circle id="bg" fill="#006AB2" cx="25" cy="25" r="25"></circle> <path d="M18.9244643,34 L14.3633929,34 L14.3633929,19.3117257 L18.9244643,19.3117257 L18.9244643,34 Z M16.6414732,17.3081095 C15.1829911,17.3081095 14,16.1000468 14,14.6415321 C14,13.1826542 15.1826279,12 16.6414732,12 C18.1003186,12 19.2829464,13.1826542 19.2829464,14.6415321 C19.2829464,16.1000468 18.0994643,17.3081095 16.6414732,17.3081095 Z M35.9950893,34 L31.4438393,34 L31.4438393,26.8498404 C31.4438393,25.1457845 31.4094643,22.9604678 29.0724554,22.9604678 C26.7010714,22.9604678 26.3376786,24.8118485 26.3376786,26.7270698 L26.3376786,34 L21.7815179,34 L21.7815179,19.3117257 L26.1559821,19.3117257 L26.1559821,21.3153418 L26.2198214,21.3153418 C26.82875,20.1612982 28.3162054,18.9434139 30.5353571,18.9434139 C35.1514286,18.9434139 36,21.9832139 36,25.9315163 L36,34 L35.9950893,34 Z" id="icon" fill="#FFFFFF" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </g> </svg></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-block-3"> <div class="footer-logos"> <p><a href="https://www.zbw.eu/en/"><img src="files/system/images/footer-logo-zbw.png" alt="ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft / Leibniz Information Center for Economics" width="300" height="80"></a><a href="https://www.ceps.eu/"><img src="files/system/images/footer-logo-ceps.png" alt="CEPS – Center for European Policy Studies" width="153" height="80"></a><a href="https://www.leibniz-gemeinschaft.de/en/"><img src="files/system/images/footer-logo-leibniz-en.png" alt="Member of Leibniz-Gemeinschaft" width="182" height="116"></a><a href="https://www.sciendo.com"><img src="files/system/images/footer-logo-sciendo.png" alt="Springer" width="260" height="78"></a></p></div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script src="/files/system/js/ally.min.js"></script> <script src="/files/system/jquery/general.js"></script> </body> </html>