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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>分類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-描述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#描述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>描述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-描述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分佈與棲地" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分佈與棲地"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>分佈與棲地</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分佈與棲地-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-行為" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行為"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>行為</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-行為-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关行為子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-行為-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-繁殖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#繁殖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>繁殖</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-繁殖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-食物與覓食" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#食物與覓食"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>食物與覓食</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-食物與覓食-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-亚种" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#亚种"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>亚种</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-亚种-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-圖庫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#圖庫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>圖庫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-圖庫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">草地鹨</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。58种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthus_pratensis" title="Anthus pratensis – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anthus pratensis" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84" title="جشنة الحقول – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جشنة الحقول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84" title="جشنة الحقول – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جشنة الحقول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthus_pratensis" title="Anthus pratensis – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Anthus pratensis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D2%99_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D2%AF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Һаҙ деүете – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һаҙ деүете" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Лугавы свірстун – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лугавы свірстун" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Ливадна бъбрица – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ливадна бъбрица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidan-prad" title="Sidan-prad – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sidan-prad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titella_(ocell)" title="Titella (ocell) – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Titella (ocell)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthus_pratensis" title="Anthus pratensis – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Anthus pratensis" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthus_pratensis" title="Anthus pratensis – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Anthus pratensis" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindu%C5%A1ka_lu%C4%8Dn%C3%AD" title="Linduška luční – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Linduška luční" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C4%85k%C3%B2wi_piek%C3%B9t" title="Łąkòwi piekùt – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Łąkòwi piekùt" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corhedydd_y_waun" title="Corhedydd y waun – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Corhedydd y waun" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engpiber" title="Engpiber – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Engpiber" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiesenpieper" title="Wiesenpieper – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wiesenpieper" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow_pipit" title="Meadow pipit – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Meadow pipit" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbejpipio" title="Herbejpipio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Herbejpipio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthus_pratensis" title="Anthus pratensis – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anthus pratensis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sookiur" title="Sookiur – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sookiur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negu-txirta" title="Negu-txirta – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Negu-txirta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%AA_%DA%86%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="پیپت چمنزار – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیپت چمنزار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niittykirvinen" title="Niittykirvinen – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Niittykirvinen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADtlingur" title="Títlingur – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Títlingur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipit_farlouse" title="Pipit farlouse – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pipit farlouse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skootfink" title="Skootfink – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Skootfink" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piipljurk" title="Piipljurk – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Piipljurk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riabh%C3%B3g_mh%C3%B3na" title="Riabhóg mhóna – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Riabhóg mhóna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica_dos_prados" title="Pica dos prados – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pica dos prados" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA" title="פפיון שדות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פפיון שדות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ti_pityer" title="Réti pityer – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Réti pityer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B1%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%BC%D5%B9%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Մարգագետնային ձիաթռչնակ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարգագետնային ձիաթռչնակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BAfutittlingur" title="Þúfutittlingur – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þúfutittlingur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthus_pratensis" title="Anthus pratensis – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anthus pratensis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AD%E3%83%90%E3%82%BF%E3%83%92%E3%83%90%E3%83%AA" title="マキバタヒバリ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マキバタヒバリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BF%D3%80%D1%8D%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%83" title="МэкъупӀэбзу – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="МэкъупӀэбзу" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%8F%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Шиаяқ жадырақ – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шиаяқ жадырақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pievinis_kalviukas" title="Pievinis kalviukas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pievinis kalviukas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%BCavas_%C4%8Dipste" title="Pļavas čipste – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pļavas čipste" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ливадска треперка – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ливадска треперка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graspieper" title="Graspieper – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Graspieper" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heipiplerke" title="Heipiplerke – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Heipiplerke" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heipiplerke" title="Heipiplerke – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Heipiplerke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_%C5%81ich%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yahd%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_t%C5%82%CA%BCohtah_biibii" title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ tłʼohtah biibii – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ tłʼohtah biibii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipette" title="Pipette – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Pipette" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awiergotek_%C5%82%C4%85kowy" title="Świergotek łąkowy – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Świergotek łąkowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthus_pratensis" title="Anthus pratensis – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Anthus pratensis" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petinha-dos-prados" title="Petinha-dos-prados – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Petinha-dos-prados" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BA" title="Луговой конёк – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Луговой конёк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Луговый коник – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Луговый коник" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titlin" title="Titlin – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Titlin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BDabtu%C5%A1ka_l%C3%BA%C4%8Dna" title="Ľabtuška lúčna – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ľabtuška lúčna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84ngspipl%C3%A4rka" title="Ängspiplärka – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ängspiplärka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ay%C4%B1r_incir_ku%C5%9Fu" title="Çayır incir kuşu – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çayır incir kuşu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Щеврик лучний – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Щеврик лучний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthus_pratensis" title="Anthus pratensis – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Anthus pratensis" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthus_pratensis" title="Anthus pratensis – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anthus pratensis" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthus_pratensis" title="Anthus pratensis – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Anthus pratensis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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href="/wiki/Help:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%A1%86" title="Help:如何閱讀生物資訊框"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Infobox_info_icon2.svg/18px-Infobox_info_icon2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Infobox_info_icon2.svg/27px-Infobox_info_icon2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Infobox_info_icon2.svg/36px-Infobox_info_icon2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiesenpieper_Meadow_pipit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wiesenpieper_Meadow_pipit.jpg/220px-Wiesenpieper_Meadow_pipit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wiesenpieper_Meadow_pipit.jpg/330px-Wiesenpieper_Meadow_pipit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wiesenpieper_Meadow_pipit.jpg/440px-Wiesenpieper_Meadow_pipit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4347" data-file-height="2898" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="生物分类学">科学分类</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding:0.1em 0.4em 0 0; margin-left:-3em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Anthus" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Small_Pencil_Icon.svg/16px-Small_Pencil_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Small_Pencil_Icon.svg/24px-Small_Pencil_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Small_Pencil_Icon.svg/32px-Small_Pencil_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">界：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="动物界">动物界</a> Animalia</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">门：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="脊索动物门">脊索动物门</a> Chordata</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">纲：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E7%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="鸟纲">鸟纲</a> Aves</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">目：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%80%E5%BD%A2%E7%9B%AE" title="雀形目">雀形目</a> Passeriformes</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">科：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A1%E9%B8%B0%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="鹡鸰科">鹡鸰科</a> Motacillidae</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">属：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A8%E5%B1%9E" title="鹨属">鷚屬</a> <i>Anthus</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap">种： </td> <td><div class="nowrap" style="display:inline;"><b>草地鹨 <i>A. pratensis</i></b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="二名法">二名法</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Anthus pratensis</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" title="卡尔·林奈">Linnaeus</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-id2605_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-id2605-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AnthusPratensisIUCNver2019_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/AnthusPratensisIUCNver2019_1.png/220px-AnthusPratensisIUCNver2019_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/AnthusPratensisIUCNver2019_1.png/330px-AnthusPratensisIUCNver2019_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/AnthusPratensisIUCNver2019_1.png/440px-AnthusPratensisIUCNver2019_1.png 2x" data-file-width="3328" data-file-height="2298" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Range of <i>A. pratensis</i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color:#00FF00; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> 繁殖區</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color:#008000; color:white; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> 留鳥</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color:#00FFFF; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> 過境</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color:#007FFF; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> 非繁殖區</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E5%90%8D" title="異名">異名</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i>Alauda pratensis</i> <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732977">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthus_pratensis_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.2.20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Anthus_pratensis_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.2.20.jpg/220px-Anthus_pratensis_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.2.20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Anthus_pratensis_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.2.20.jpg/330px-Anthus_pratensis_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.2.20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Anthus_pratensis_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.2.20.jpg/440px-Anthus_pratensis_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.2.20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1705" data-file-height="1659" /></a><figcaption><i>Anthus pratensis</i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>草地鹨</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="学名">学名</a>：<span lang="la"><i>Anthus pratensis</i></span>）为<a href="/wiki/%E9%B6%BA%E9%B4%92%E7%A7%91" title="鶺鴒科">鶺鸰科</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A8%E5%B1%9E" title="鹨属">鹨属</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="鸟类">鸟类</a>。主要繁殖於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8C%97%E7%95%8C" title="古北界">古北界</a>的大部分地區，從東南格陵蘭和冰島向東延伸至俄羅斯的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%B1%B1" title="烏拉山">烏拉山</a>以東地區，向南至法國中部和羅馬尼亞；在<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="高加索山脈">高加索山脈</a>也有一個孤立的種群分佈。大部分地區的草地鷚屬於<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B7%E5%BE%99" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="遷徙">候鳥</a>，冬季遷徙至南歐、北非和西南亞，但在西歐則為留鳥，儘管即便在這裡，許多鳥類在冬季仍會遷移至海岸或低地。<sup id="cite_ref-Snow_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snow-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoyo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoyo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分類"><span id=".E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>分類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>草地鷚由瑞典博物學家<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" class="mw-redirect" title="卡爾·林奈">卡爾·林奈</a>於1758年在其《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="自然系統">自然系統</a><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="自然系統">自然系統</a></i>》中首次進行<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0" title="物种描述">物種描述</a>，並命名為<i>Alauda pratensis</i>。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%94%A2%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="模式產地">模式產地</a>位於瑞典。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>草地鷚現為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>博物學家<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%98%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%B8%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="约翰·马托伊斯·贝希斯坦">約翰·馬托伊斯·貝希斯坦</a>於1805年引入的<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A8%E5%B1%9E" title="鹨属">鷚屬</a><i>（Anthus）</i>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%A8%AE" title="模式種">模式種</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ioc_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>該物種為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E5%9E%8B%E7%A7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="单型种">單型種</a>，不分<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%A8%AE" title="亞種">亞種</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-ioc_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="属名">屬名</a><i>Anthus</i>來自<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC" title="老普林尼">老普林尼</a>提到的一種草原小鳥的名稱，而<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="種名">種名</a><i>pratensis</i>意指「草地的」，源自拉丁語<i>pratum</i>，即「草地」。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>「pipit」（鷚）這個名稱最早由<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Pennant" class="extiw" title="w:Thomas Pennant">托馬斯·佩南特</a>於1768年記錄，為<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%AC%E8%81%B2%E8%A9%9E" title="擬聲詞">擬聲詞</a>，來源於此物種的叫聲。<sup id="cite_ref-Lockwood_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockwood-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>古老但已不再使用的俗名包括「chit lark」、「peet lark」、「tit lark」和「titling」，這些名稱是因為其體型小，且與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E9%9B%80" title="云雀">雲雀</a>有表面上的相似性。<sup id="cite_ref-Lockwood_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockwood-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="描述"><span id=".E6.8F.8F.E8.BF.B0"></span>描述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：描述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>這是一種分佈廣泛且經常數量豐富的小型<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A8%E5%B1%9E" title="鹨属">鷚</a>，長約14.5—15 cm（<span class="frac nowrap">5<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span>—6英寸），重約15—22 g（0.53—0.78 oz）。地面上的草地鷚外觀平淡無奇，主要為棕色，上部有較深的條紋，下部為黃褐色，尾巴為棕色，邊緣有窄窄的白色邊線。它的喙細長，腿呈淡粉黃色，後爪特別長，超過其他後趾的長度。叫聲為輕弱的<i>tsi-tsi</i>。簡單且重複的歌聲通常在短距離飛行時發出。<sup id="cite_ref-Snow_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snow-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoyo_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoyo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>繁殖於<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="愛爾蘭">愛爾蘭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a>西部的草地鷚顏色稍深，通常被認為是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%A8%AE" title="亞種">亞種</a><i>A. p. whistleri</i>，但與<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%9E%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="指名亞種">指名亞種</a><i>A. p. pratensis</i>有連續變異。<sup id="cite_ref-Snow_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snow-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoyo_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoyo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>它與<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E5%96%89%E9%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="赤喉鷚">赤喉鷚</a><i>A. cervinus</i>相似，赤喉鷚有更多條紋，且（僅在夏季）喉部呈橙紅色；也與<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9%E9%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="樹鷚">樹鷚</a><i>A. trivialis</i>相似，後者體型略大，條紋較少，臉部標記較為明顯，且後爪較短。草地鷚的歌聲在結尾處加速，而樹鷚則減速。<sup id="cite_ref-Snow_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snow-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoyo_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoyo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分佈與棲地"><span id=".E5.88.86.E4.BD.88.E8.88.87.E6.A3.B2.E5.9C.B0"></span>分佈與棲地</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：分佈與棲地"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>分布于前苏联、格陵兰、冰岛、法罗群岛、不列颠群岛、法国、意大利、南斯拉夫以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a>等地，主要生活于山地近水的草地、沼泽、灌木丛及林缘。该物种的模式产地在瑞典。<sup id="cite_ref-id2605_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-id2605-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>草地鷚主要棲息於開闊的地區，無論是未開墾的還是低強度農業區，如牧場、沼澤和荒原，但在少數情況下也會出現在耕地中。冬季，草地鷚還會利用鹽沼，有時也出現在開闊的林地中。它是一種相當地棲的鷚類，一般在地面上覓食，但會利用灌木叢、籬笆線或電線等高處作為觀察掠食者的瞭望點。<sup id="cite_ref-Snow_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snow-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoyo_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoyo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ebcc_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebcc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>草地鷚的總體估計種群為1,200萬對。該物種在其分佈範圍的北部非常豐富，通常是英國大多數高地地區最常見的繁殖鳥類，但在南部較少見。繁殖密度從北歐斯堪的納維亞的80 pairs/km<sup>2</sup>（210 pairs/sq mi），到繁殖範圍南部的草地5—20 pairs/km<sup>2</sup>（13—52 pairs/sq mi），僅在耕地中為1/km<sup>2</sup>（2.6/sq mi）。<sup id="cite_ref-Hoyo_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoyo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ebcc_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebcc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在其主要分佈範圍以南的山區，如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="巴尔干">巴爾幹</a>北部，也記錄到一些孤立的繁殖對。<sup id="cite_ref-Snow_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snow-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在過去17年中，該種群數量普遍下降，最明顯的是法國農田中的下降幅度達68%。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="行為"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E7.82.BA"></span>行為</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：行為"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="繁殖"><span id=".E7.B9.81.E6.AE.96"></span>繁殖</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：繁殖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>巢築於地面，隱藏在茂密的植被中，每窩產下2至7枚卵（通常為3至5枚）；卵在11至15天後孵化，雛鳥在孵化後10至14天離巢。每年通常撫育兩窩幼鳥。該物種是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E9%B5%91" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="杜鵑">杜鵑</a>的重要巢主之一，也是<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E8%83%8C%E9%9A%BC" title="灰背隼">灰背隼</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E6%BE%A4%E9%B5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="灰澤鵟">灰澤鵟</a>的重要獵物。<sup id="cite_ref-Snow_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snow-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoyo_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoyo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="食物與覓食"><span id=".E9.A3.9F.E7.89.A9.E8.88.87.E8.A6.93.E9.A3.9F"></span>食物與覓食</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：食物與覓食"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>其食物主要是<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E8%9F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="昆蟲">昆蟲</a>和其他<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="無脊椎動物">無脊椎動物</a>，大多數食物小於5 mm（<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>16</sub></span>英寸）。冬季主要以<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BE%E6%9C%AC%E7%A7%91" title="禾本科">禾本科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E8%8D%89%E7%A7%91" title="莎草科">莎草科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AF%E5%BF%83%E8%8D%89%E7%A7%91" title="灯心草科">燈心草科</a>的種子以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9A%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%A0%E5%B1%9E" title="帚石楠属">石南</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E9%AB%98%E5%85%B0%E5%B1%9E" title="岩高兰属">烏飯果</a>的漿果為食。<sup id="cite_ref-Snow_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snow-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoyo_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoyo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="亚种"><span id=".E4.BA.9A.E7.A7.8D"></span>亚种</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：亚种"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>草地鹨指名亚种</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="学名">学名</a>：<span lang="la"><i>Anthus pratensis pratensis</i></span>）。分布于前苏联、格陵兰、法罗群岛、不列颠群岛、法国、意大利、南斯拉夫、北非以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a>等地。该物种的模式产地在瑞典。<sup id="cite_ref-id2606_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-id2606-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="圖庫"><span id=".E5.9C.96.E5.BA.AB"></span>圖庫</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：圖庫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthus_pratensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="棲息在漁網上的草地鷚"><img alt="棲息在漁網上的草地鷚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Anthus_pratensis.jpg/120px-Anthus_pratensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Anthus_pratensis.jpg/180px-Anthus_pratensis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Anthus_pratensis.jpg/240px-Anthus_pratensis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">棲息在漁網上的草地鷚</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthus_pratensis_nest_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="巢與卵"><img alt="巢與卵" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Anthus_pratensis_nest_2.jpg/120px-Anthus_pratensis_nest_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Anthus_pratensis_nest_2.jpg/180px-Anthus_pratensis_nest_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Anthus_pratensis_nest_2.jpg/240px-Anthus_pratensis_nest_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">巢與卵</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthus_pratensis_MWNH_1590.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="蛋, 收藏於威斯巴登博物館"><img alt="蛋, 收藏於威斯巴登博物館" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Anthus_pratensis_MWNH_1590.JPG/120px-Anthus_pratensis_MWNH_1590.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Anthus_pratensis_MWNH_1590.JPG/180px-Anthus_pratensis_MWNH_1590.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Anthus_pratensis_MWNH_1590.JPG/240px-Anthus_pratensis_MWNH_1590.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3528" data-file-height="2208" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">蛋, 收藏於<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Wiesbaden" class="extiw" title="w:Museum Wiesbaden">威斯巴登博物館</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuculus_canorus_canorus_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.150.16.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="產在草地鷚Anthus pratensis巢中的大杜鵑Cuculus canorus canorus卵 - 土魯斯博物館"><img alt="產在草地鷚Anthus pratensis巢中的大杜鵑Cuculus canorus canorus卵 - 土魯斯博物館" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Cuculus_canorus_canorus_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.150.16.jpg/120px-Cuculus_canorus_canorus_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.150.16.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Cuculus_canorus_canorus_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.150.16.jpg/180px-Cuculus_canorus_canorus_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.150.16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Cuculus_canorus_canorus_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.150.16.jpg/240px-Cuculus_canorus_canorus_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.150.16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3780" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">產在草地鷚<i>Anthus pratensis</i>巢中的大杜鵑<i>Cuculus canorus canorus</i>卵 - <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%9B%A7%E8%8C%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="圖盧茲博物館">土魯斯博物館</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-id2605-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-id2605_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-id2605_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">中国科学院动物研究所. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073031/http://www.bioinfo.cn/db05/BjdwSpecies.php?action=view&id=2605">草地鹨</a>. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-04-04</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioinfo.cn/db05/BjdwSpecies.php?action=view&id=2605">原始内容</a>存档于2016-03-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&rft.atitle=%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E7%BC%96%E7%9B%AE%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E3%80%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioinfo.cn%2Fdb05%2FBjdwSpecies.php%3Faction%3Dview%26id%3D2605&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snow-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Snow_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snow_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snow_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snow_2-3"><sup><b>2.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snow_2-4"><sup><b>2.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snow_2-5"><sup><b>2.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snow_2-6"><sup><b>2.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snow_2-7"><sup><b>2.7</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Snow, D. W.; Perrins, C. M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/birdsofwesternpa0001snow">The Birds of the Western Palearctic</a> Concise. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1998. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-19-854099-X" title="Special:网络书源/0-19-854099-X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-19-854099-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&rft.au=Perrins%2C+C.+M.&rft.aufirst=D.+W.&rft.aulast=Snow&rft.btitle=The+Birds+of+the+Western+Palearctic&rft.date=1998&rft.edition=Concise&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-19-854099-X&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbirdsofwesternpa0001snow&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoyo-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoyo_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoyo_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoyo_3-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoyo_3-3"><sup><b>3.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoyo_3-4"><sup><b>3.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoyo_3-5"><sup><b>3.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoyo_3-6"><sup><b>3.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoyo_3-7"><sup><b>3.7</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hoyo, J. del; et al (编). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Handbook_of_the_Birds_of_the_World&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Handbook of the Birds of the World（页面不存在）">Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 9</a>. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 2004: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0001unse/page/763">763</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/84-87334-69-5" title="Special:网络书源/84-87334-69-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 84-87334-69-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&rft.aufirst=J.+del&rft.aulast=Hoyo&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+Birds+of+the+World%2C+vol.+9&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=84-87334-69-5&rft.pages=763&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pub=Lynx+Edicions&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus, Carl</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727073">Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</a> <b>1</b> 10th. Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. 1758: 166 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-10-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241007141330/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727073">存档</a>于2024-10-07） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到Latin网页">（Latin）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.aulast=Linnaeus&rft.btitle=Systema+Naturae+per+regna+tria+naturae%2C+secundum+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera%2C+species%2C+cum+characteribus%2C+differentiis%2C+synonymis%2C+locis&rft.date=1758&rft.edition=10th&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=166&rft.place=Holmiae+%28Stockholm%29&rft.pub=Laurentii+Salvii&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F727073&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%AA%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B" title="Category:引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Mayr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Mayr（页面不存在）">Mayr, Ernst</a>; Greenway, James C. Jr (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480834">Check-List of Birds of the World</a> <b>9</b>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. 1960: 159 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-10-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221219131548/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480834">存档</a>于2022-12-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&rft.au=Greenway%2C+James+C.+Jr&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft.aulast=Mayr&rft.btitle=Check-List+of+Birds+of+the+World&rft.date=1960&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=159&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Museum+of+Comparative+Zoology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F14480834&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Matth%C3%A4us_Bechstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Matthäus Bechstein">Bechstein, Johann Matthäus</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31013292">Gemeinnützige Naturgeschichte Deutschlands nach allen drey Reichen</a> 2nd. Leipzig: Bey Siegfried Lebrecht Crusiu. 1805: 247, 302 Note <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-10-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241007113524/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31013292">存档</a>于2024-10-07） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到German网页">（German）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&rft.aufirst=Johann+Matth%C3%A4us&rft.aulast=Bechstein&rft.btitle=Gemeinn%C3%BCtzige+Naturgeschichte+Deutschlands+nach+allen+drey+Reichen&rft.date=1805&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=247%2C+302+Note&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Bey+Siegfried+Lebrecht+Crusiu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F31013292&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%AA%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B" title="Category:引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ioc-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ioc_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ioc_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Gill_(ornithologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Gill (ornithologist)（页面不存在）">Gill, Frank</a>; Donsker, David; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamela_Rasmussen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamela Rasmussen（页面不存在）">Rasmussen, Pamela</a> (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/weavers/">Waxbills, parrotfinches, munias, whydahs, Olive Warbler, accentors, pipits</a>. IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. January 2021 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2021]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140428221850/https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/weavers/">存档</a>于2014-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&rft.atitle=Waxbills%2C+parrotfinches%2C+munias%2C+whydahs%2C+Olive+Warbler%2C+accentors%2C+pipits&rft.au=Donsker%2C+David&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Pamela&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.date=2021-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IOC+World+Bird+List+Version+11.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbirdnames.org%2Fbow%2Fweavers%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Mayr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Mayr（页面不存在）">Mayr, Ernst</a>; Greenway, James C. Jr (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480819">Check-List of Birds of the World</a> <b>9</b>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. 1960: 144 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-10-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221221220020/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480819">存档</a>于2022-12-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&rft.au=Greenway%2C+James+C.+Jr&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft.aulast=Mayr&rft.btitle=Check-List+of+Birds+of+the+World&rft.date=1960&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=144&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Museum+of+Comparative+Zoology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F14480819&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jobling, James A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling">The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names</a>. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. 2010: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n49">49</a>, 315. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4081-2501-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4081-2501-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-4081-2501-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft.aulast=Jobling&rft.btitle=The+Helm+Dictionary+of+Scientific+Bird+Names&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4&rft.pages=49%2C+315&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Christopher+Helm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FHelm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lockwood-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lockwood_10-0"><sup><b>10.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockwood_10-1"><sup><b>10.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lockwood, W. B. (1984). <i>The Oxford Book of British Bird Names</i>. Oxford University Press <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-19-214155-4" title="Special:网络书源/0-19-214155-4">0-19-214155-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ebcc-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ebcc_11-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebcc_11-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hagemeijer, W. J. M., & Blair, M. J., eds. (1997). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_EBCC_Atlas_of_European_Breeding_Birds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds（页面不存在）">The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds</a></i>. Poyser, London <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-85661-091-7" title="Special:网络书源/0-85661-091-7">0-85661-091-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Gorman, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/11/science/farmland-birds-decline.html">Farmland Birds in France Are in Steep Decline</a>. The New York Times. 2018-04-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-04-12</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0362-4331</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230823214854/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/11/science/farmland-birds-decline.html">存档</a>于2023-08-23） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到美国英语网页">（美国英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&rft.atitle=Farmland+Birds+in+France+Are+in+Steep+Decline&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Gorman&rft.date=2018-04-11&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F04%2F11%2Fscience%2Ffarmland-birds-decline.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-id2606-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-id2606_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">中国科学院动物研究所. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203122335/http://www.bioinfo.cn/db05/BjdwSpecies.php?action=view">草地鹨指名亚种</a>. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-04-04</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioinfo.cn/db05/BjdwSpecies.php?action=view&id=2606">原始内容</a>存档于2013-12-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8&rft.atitle=%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%B9%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%9A%E7%A7%8D&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E7%BC%96%E7%9B%AE%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E3%80%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioinfo.cn%2Fdb05%2FBjdwSpecies.php%3Faction%3Dview%26id%3D2606&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" title="维基数据">维基数据</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26956" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q26956">Q26956</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="維基物種">維基物種</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Anthus_pratensis" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Anthus pratensis">Anthus pratensis</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%BD%91" title="动物多样性网">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Anthus_pratensis/">Anthus_pratensis</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Avibase: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=14873249B607CEB1">14873249B607CEB1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id8842">8842</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%B3%A5%E7%9B%9F" title="國際鳥盟">BirdLife</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22718556">22718556</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%9D%A1%E5%BD%A2%E7%A0%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生命条形码数据系统">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=11313">11313</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Trust_for_Ornithology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Trust for Ornithology（页面不存在）">BTO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://app.bto.org/birdfacts/results/bob10110.htm">bob10110</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BOW: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/meapip1">meapip1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EBird" title="EBird">eBird</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebird.org/species/meapip1">meapip1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="网络生命大百科">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/45513742">45513742</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81" title="EPPO代码">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/ATHUPR">ATHUPR</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/884">884</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Euring: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euring.org/edb/species-maps/sp10110.htm">10110</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:97419">97419</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/19162bcc-becd-47fb-b8bf-ceb7347f5921">19162bcc-becd-47fb-b8bf-ceb7347f5921</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fossilworks" title="Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=368921">368921</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="全球生物多樣性資訊機構">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2490266">2490266</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/13729">13729</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%9E%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%B1%9E%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%E5%86%8C" title="海洋和非海洋属临时登记册">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10856789">10856789</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="整合分類學資訊系統">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=178497">178497</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84" title="國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/22718556">22718556</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="英国国家生物多样性网络">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0000530159">NHMSYS0000530159</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="美国国家生物技术信息中心">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=45803">45803</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=1917">1917</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="世界海洋物种目录">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426233">426233</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Xeno-canto: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xeno-canto.org/species/Anthus-pratensis">Anthus-pratensis</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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