CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">  <title>Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations - NDLTD is an international organization dedicated to promoting the adoption, creation, use, dissemination, and preservation of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs).</title> <meta name="description" content="NDLTD is an international organization dedicated to promoting the adoption, creation, use, dissemination, and preservation of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs)." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ndltd.org/" /> <link rel="next" href="https://ndltd.org/page/2/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations" /> <meta property="og:description" content="NDLTD is an international organization dedicated to promoting the adoption, creation, use, dissemination, and preservation of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs)." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ndltd.org/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@NDLTD" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://ndltd.org/","url":"https://ndltd.org/","name":"Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations - NDLTD is an international organization dedicated to promoting the adoption, creation, use, dissemination, and preservation of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs).","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://ndltd.org/#website"},"about":{"@id":"https://ndltd.org/#organization"},"description":"NDLTD is an international organization dedicated to promoting the adoption, creation, use, dissemination, and preservation of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs).","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://ndltd.org/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://ndltd.org/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://ndltd.org/#website","url":"https://ndltd.org/","name":"Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations","description":"NDLTD is an international organization dedicated to promoting the adoption, creation, use, dissemination, and preservation of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs).","publisher":{"@id":"https://ndltd.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://ndltd.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://ndltd.org/#organization","name":"Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations","url":"https://ndltd.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https://ndltd.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://ndltd.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/ndltd-logo.svg","contentUrl":"https://ndltd.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/ndltd-logo.svg","width":172,"height":100,"caption":"Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations"},"image":{"@id":"https://ndltd.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/NDLTD","https://x.com/NDLTD","https://www.linkedin.com/groups/2024919/","https://www.youtube.com/user/NDLTDx"]}]}</script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="MHt8RT3jq0M51ER1mluZuTX5WfFWaWeAZcxNk48xRCE" />  <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations » Feed" href="https://ndltd.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations » Comments Feed" href="https://ndltd.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/calendar" title="Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations » iCal Feed" href="https://ndltd.org/events/?ical=1" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/ndltd.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mp-theme-css' href='https://ndltd.org/wp-content/plugins/memberpress/css/ui/theme.css?ver=1.12.2' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://ndltd.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--contrast: var(--contrast);--wp--preset--color--contrast-2: var(--contrast-2);--wp--preset--color--contrast-3: var(--contrast-3);--wp--preset--color--base: var(--base);--wp--preset--color--base-2: var(--base-2);--wp--preset--color--base-3: var(--base-3);--wp--preset--color--accent: var(--accent);--wp--preset--color--global-color-8: var(--global-color-8);--wp--preset--color--global-color-9: var(--global-color-9);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-show-posts-css' href='https://ndltd.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-show-posts/css/wp-show-posts-min.css?ver=1.1.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='pojo-a11y-css' href='https://ndltd.org/wp-content/plugins/pojo-accessibility/modules/legacy/assets/css/style.min.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-widget-areas-css' href='https://ndltd.org/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/components/widget-areas.min.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-style-css' href='https://ndltd.org/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/main.min.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> <style id='generate-style-inline-css'> .page-header {margin-bottom: 20px;margin-left: 20px} .generate-columns {margin-bottom: 20px;padding-left: 20px;}.generate-columns-container {margin-left: -20px;}.page-header {margin-bottom: 20px;margin-left: 20px}.generate-columns-container > .paging-navigation {margin-left: 20px;} body{background-color:var(--base-3);color:#666;}a{color:#0071B5;}a:hover, a:focus{text-decoration:underline;}.entry-title a, .site-branding a, a.button, .wp-block-button__link, .main-navigation a{text-decoration:none;}a:hover, a:focus, a:active{color:var(--contrast);}.grid-container{max-width:1024px;}.wp-block-group__inner-container{max-width:1024px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media (max-width: 500px) and (min-width: 1201px){.inside-header{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;}.site-logo, .site-branding{margin-bottom:1.5em;}#site-navigation{margin:0 auto;}.header-widget{margin-top:1.5em;}}.site-header .header-image{width:150px;}:root{--contrast:#222222;--contrast-2:#575760;--contrast-3:#b2b2be;--base:#f0f0f0;--base-2:#f7f8f9;--base-3:#ffffff;--accent:#1e73be;--global-color-8:#0B2341;--global-color-9:#48aeee;}:root .has-contrast-color{color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-2-color{color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-2-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-3-color{color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-contrast-3-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-base-color{color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-background-color{background-color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-2-color{color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-2-background-color{background-color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-3-color{color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-base-3-background-color{background-color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-accent-color{color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-background-color{background-color:var(--accent);}:root .has-global-color-8-color{color:var(--global-color-8);}:root .has-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--global-color-8);}:root .has-global-color-9-color{color:var(--global-color-9);}:root .has-global-color-9-background-color{background-color:var(--global-color-9);}.gp-modal:not(.gp-modal--open):not(.gp-modal--transition){display:none;}.gp-modal--transition:not(.gp-modal--open){pointer-events:none;}.gp-modal-overlay:not(.gp-modal-overlay--open):not(.gp-modal--transition){display:none;}.gp-modal__overlay{display:none;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;z-index:10000;backdrop-filter:blur(3px);transition:opacity 500ms ease;opacity:0;}.gp-modal--open:not(.gp-modal--transition) .gp-modal__overlay{opacity:1;}.gp-modal__container{max-width:100%;max-height:100vh;transform:scale(0.9);transition:transform 500ms ease;padding:0 10px;}.gp-modal--open:not(.gp-modal--transition) .gp-modal__container{transform:scale(1);}.search-modal-fields{display:flex;}.gp-search-modal .gp-modal__overlay{align-items:flex-start;padding-top:25vh;background:var(--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color);}.search-modal-form{width:500px;max-width:100%;background-color:var(--gp-search-modal-bg-color);color:var(--gp-search-modal-text-color);}.search-modal-form .search-field, .search-modal-form .search-field:focus{width:100%;height:60px;background-color:transparent;border:0;appearance:none;color:currentColor;}.search-modal-fields button, .search-modal-fields button:active, .search-modal-fields button:focus, .search-modal-fields button:hover{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:currentColor;width:60px;}body, button, input, select, textarea{font-family:Roboto, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;}h1{font-family:Montserrat, sans-serif;font-weight:600;}@media (max-width: 1024px){h1{font-size:42px;line-height:1.2em;}}h2{font-family:Montserrat, sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:30px;line-height:1.1em;margin-bottom:20px;}@media (max-width: 1024px){h2{font-size:30px;}}h3{font-family:Montserrat, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;}@media (max-width: 1024px){h3{font-size:30px;}}h4{font-family:Montserrat, sans-serif;}@media (max-width: 1024px){h4{font-size:24px;}}h5{font-family:Montserrat, sans-serif;font-weight:600;}.tribe-common-h6{font-family:Montserrat, sans-serif;font-size:30px;}.tribe-common-b2{font-family:Open Sans, sans-serif;font-size:17px;}.tribe-events-content h3{font-family:Montserrat, sans-serif;font-size:29px;letter-spacing:-1px;}.tribe-events-content h2, .tribe-events-content h3, .tribe-events-content h4, .tribe-events-content h5, .tribe-events-content h6{font-family:Open Sans, sans-serif;font-size:17px;}.top-bar{background-color:#0B2341;color:#4a4a4a;}.top-bar a{color:var(--base-3);}.top-bar a:hover{color:#8CB2E7;}.site-header{background-color:#0B2341;color:#0B2341;}.main-title a,.main-title a:hover{color:#FFF;}.site-description{color:var(--contrast-2);}.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle,.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle:hover,.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle:focus,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation.toggled{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);}.main-navigation,.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:#0B2341;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a, .main-navigation .menu-toggle, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{color:#FFF;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{color:#48aeee;}button.menu-toggle:hover,button.menu-toggle:focus{color:#FFF;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:#48aeee;}.navigation-search input[type="search"],.navigation-search input[type="search"]:active, .navigation-search input[type="search"]:focus, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.search-item.active > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items .search-item.active > a{color:#48aeee;}.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:#07182c;}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .one-container .container, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .inside-page-header{background-color:var(--base-3);}.entry-title a{color:var(--global-color-8);}.entry-title a:hover{color:var(--global-color-9);}.entry-meta{color:var(--contrast-2);}h1{color:#0B2341;}h2{color:#0B2341;}h3{color:#0B2341;}h4{color:#0B2341;}h5{color:#0B2341;}h6{color:#0B2341;}.sidebar .widget{background-color:#f2f2f2;}.footer-widgets{background-color:#0B2341;}.footer-widgets a{color:#fff;}.footer-widgets a:hover{color:#48aeee;}.footer-widgets .widget-title{color:#8CB2E7;}.site-info{color:var(--contrast-3);background-color:#121e2e;}.site-info a{color:var(--base-3);}.site-info a:hover{color:var(--global-color-9);}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu .current-menu-item a{color:var(--global-color-9);}input[type="text"],input[type="email"],input[type="url"],input[type="password"],input[type="search"],input[type="tel"],input[type="number"],textarea,select{color:var(--contrast);background-color:var(--base-2);border-color:var(--base);}input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="tel"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,select:focus{color:var(--contrast);background-color:var(--base-2);border-color:var(--contrast-3);}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],a.button,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background){color:#ffffff;background-color:#194780;}button:hover,html input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="reset"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover,a.button:hover,button:focus,html input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:focus,a.button:focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):active,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):hover{color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--global-color-9);}a.generate-back-to-top{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.4 );color:#ffffff;}a.generate-back-to-top:hover,a.generate-back-to-top:focus{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.6 );color:#ffffff;}:root{--gp-search-modal-bg-color:var(--base-3);--gp-search-modal-text-color:var(--contrast);--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}@media (max-width: 1200px){.main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{background:none;color:#FFF;}}.inside-top-bar{padding:10px 60px 0px 60px;}.inside-top-bar.grid-container{max-width:1144px;}.inside-header{padding:0px 60px 0px 60px;}.inside-header.grid-container{max-width:1144px;}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:15px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:15px;}.separate-containers .paging-navigation{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-15px;width:calc(100% + 30px);max-width:calc(100% + 30px);}.one-container.right-sidebar .site-main,.one-container.both-right .site-main{margin-right:15px;}.one-container.left-sidebar .site-main,.one-container.both-left .site-main{margin-left:15px;}.one-container.both-sidebars .site-main{margin:0px 15px 0px 15px;}.one-container.archive .post:not(:last-child):not(.is-loop-template-item), .one-container.blog .post:not(:last-child):not(.is-loop-template-item){padding-bottom:15px;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.menu-toggle,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;line-height:40px;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{padding:20px 10px 20px 10px;}.navigation-search input[type="search"]{height:40px;}.rtl .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-left:10px;}.menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-right:10px;}.menu-item-has-children ul .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;margin-top:-20px;}.rtl .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.menu-item-has-children > a{padding-right:10px;}.widget-area .widget{padding:20px;}.footer-widgets-container{padding:100px 100px 130px 100px;}.footer-widgets-container.grid-container{max-width:1224px;}.inside-site-info{padding:10px 40px 10px 40px;}.inside-site-info.grid-container{max-width:1104px;}@media (max-width:768px){.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:30px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:30px;}.inside-top-bar{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.inside-header{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.widget-area .widget{padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px;}.footer-widgets-container{padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px;}.inside-site-info{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-30px;width:calc(100% + 60px);max-width:calc(100% + 60px);}.one-container .site-main .paging-navigation{margin-bottom:20px;}}/* End cached CSS */.is-right-sidebar{width:30%;}.is-left-sidebar{width:30%;}.site-content .content-area{width:100%;}@media (max-width: 1200px){.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.sidebar-nav-mobile:not(#sticky-placeholder){display:block;}.main-navigation ul,.gen-sidebar-nav,.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation):not(.toggled) .main-nav > ul,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation .inside-navigation > *:not(.navigation-search):not(.main-nav){display:none;}.nav-align-right .inside-navigation,.nav-align-center .inside-navigation{justify-content:space-between;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .mobile-menu-control-wrapper{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .inside-header{flex-direction:row;text-align:left;flex-wrap:wrap;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .header-widget,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{flex-basis:100%;}.nav-float-left .has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{order:10;}} .dynamic-author-image-rounded{border-radius:100%;}.dynamic-featured-image, .dynamic-author-image{vertical-align:middle;}.one-container.blog .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child), .one-container.archive .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child){padding-bottom:0px;}.dynamic-entry-excerpt > p:last-child{margin-bottom:0px;} .main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.menu-toggle,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{transition: line-height 300ms ease}.main-navigation.toggled .main-nav > ul{background-color: #0B2341}.sticky-enabled .gen-sidebar-nav.is_stuck .main-navigation {margin-bottom: 0px;}.sticky-enabled .gen-sidebar-nav.is_stuck {z-index: 500;}.sticky-enabled .main-navigation.is_stuck {box-shadow: 0 2px 2px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);}.navigation-stick:not(.gen-sidebar-nav) {left: 0;right: 0;width: 100% !important;}.both-sticky-menu .main-navigation:not(#mobile-header).toggled .main-nav > ul,.mobile-sticky-menu .main-navigation:not(#mobile-header).toggled .main-nav > ul,.mobile-header-sticky #mobile-header.toggled .main-nav > ul {position: absolute;left: 0;right: 0;z-index: 999;}@media (max-width: 1200px){#sticky-placeholder{height:0;overflow:hidden;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation.toggled{margin-top:0;}.has-inline-mobile-menu #site-navigation.toggled .main-nav > ul{top:1.5em;}}.nav-float-right .navigation-stick {width: 100% !important;left: 0;}.nav-float-right .navigation-stick .navigation-branding {margin-right: auto;}.main-navigation.has-sticky-branding:not(.grid-container) .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container) .navigation-branding{margin-left: 10px;} @media (max-width: 1200px){.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.main-navigation .mobile-bar-items a,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.main-navigation .mobile-bar-items a,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{line-height:50px;}.main-navigation .site-logo.navigation-logo img, .mobile-header-navigation .site-logo.mobile-header-logo img, .navigation-search input[type="search"]{height:50px;}}@media (max-width: 1024px),(min-width:1025px){.main-navigation.sticky-navigation-transition .main-nav > ul > li > a,.sticky-navigation-transition .menu-toggle,.main-navigation.sticky-navigation-transition .menu-bar-item > a, .sticky-navigation-transition .navigation-branding .main-title{line-height:62px;}.main-navigation.sticky-navigation-transition .site-logo img, .main-navigation.sticky-navigation-transition .navigation-search input[type="search"], .main-navigation.sticky-navigation-transition .navigation-branding img{height:62px;}} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-child-css' href='https://ndltd.org/wp-content/themes/generatepress_child/style.css?ver=1734686912' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A100%2C100italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C500%2C500italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C900%2C900italic%7CNunito+Sans%3A200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic%7CMontserrat%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic%7COpen+Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic&display=auto&ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> <style id='generateblocks-inline-css'> h4.gb-headline-1f44e752{margin-right:15px;margin-left:15px;color:#fff;}.gb-container-c4aeb5ae{background-color:var(--global-color-8);}.gb-container-c4aeb5ae > .gb-inside-container{padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:30px;max-width:1024px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.gb-grid-wrapper > .gb-grid-column-c4aeb5ae > .gb-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100%;}.gb-container-752bb55c{background-color:var(--global-color-8);}.gb-container-752bb55c > .gb-inside-container{padding:60px 60px 30px;max-width:1024px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.gb-grid-wrapper > .gb-grid-column-752bb55c > .gb-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100%;}@media (max-width: 767px) {h4.gb-headline-1f44e752{font-size:18px;padding:1em;}.gb-container-c4aeb5ae > .gb-inside-container{padding:30px 10px;}.gb-container-752bb55c > .gb-inside-container{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}}:root{--gb-container-width:1024px;}.gb-container .wp-block-image img{vertical-align:middle;}.gb-grid-wrapper .wp-block-image{margin-bottom:0;}.gb-highlight{background:none;}.gb-shape{line-height:0;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-blog-columns-css' href='https://ndltd.org/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/blog/functions/css/columns.min.css?ver=2.5.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-navigation-branding-css' href='https://ndltd.org/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/css/navigation-branding-flex.min.css?ver=2.5.1' media='all' /> <style id='generate-navigation-branding-inline-css'> .main-navigation.has-branding.grid-container .navigation-branding, .main-navigation.has-branding:not(.grid-container) .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container) .navigation-branding{margin-left:10px;}.main-navigation .sticky-navigation-logo, .main-navigation.navigation-stick .site-logo:not(.mobile-header-logo){display:none;}.main-navigation.navigation-stick .sticky-navigation-logo{display:block;}.navigation-branding img, .site-logo.mobile-header-logo img{height:40px;width:auto;}.navigation-branding .main-title{line-height:40px;}@media (max-width: 1034px){#site-navigation .navigation-branding, #sticky-navigation .navigation-branding{margin-left:10px;}}@media (max-width: 1200px){.main-navigation.has-branding.nav-align-center .menu-bar-items, .main-navigation.has-sticky-branding.navigation-stick.nav-align-center .menu-bar-items{margin-left:auto;}.navigation-branding{margin-right:auto;margin-left:10px;}.navigation-branding .main-title, .mobile-header-navigation .site-logo{margin-left:10px;}.navigation-branding img, .site-logo.mobile-header-logo{height:50px;}.navigation-branding .main-title{line-height:50px;}} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='video-conferencing-with-zoom-api-css' href='https://ndltd.org/wp-content/plugins/video-conferencing-with-zoom-api/assets/public/css/style.min.css?ver=4.6.3' media='all' /> <script src="https://ndltd.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://ndltd.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://ndltd.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://ndltd.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <style type="text/css"> .mpcs-classroom .nav-back i, .mpcs-classroom .navbar-section a.btn, .mpcs-classroom .navbar-section button, .mpcs-classroom div#mpcs-lesson-navigation button { color: rgba(255, 255, 255) !important; } .mpcs-classroom .navbar-section .dropdown .menu a { color: #333; } .mpcs-classroom .mpcs-progress-ring { background-color: rgba(29, 166, 154) !important; } .mpcs-classroom .mpcs-course-filter .dropdown .btn span, .mpcs-classroom .mpcs-course-filter .dropdown .btn i, .mpcs-classroom .mpcs-course-filter .input-group .input-group-btn, .mpcs-classroom .mpcs-course-filter .input-group .mpcs-search, .mpcs-classroom .mpcs-course-filter .input-group input[type=text], .mpcs-classroom .mpcs-course-filter .dropdown a, .mpcs-classroom .pagination, .mpcs-classroom .pagination i, .mpcs-classroom .pagination a { color: rgba(44, 54, 55) !important; border-color: rgba(44, 54, 55) !important; } /* body.mpcs-classroom a{ color: rgba(); } */ #mpcs-navbar, #mpcs-navbar button#mpcs-classroom-previous-lesson-link, #mpcs-navbar button#mpcs-classroom-previous-lesson-link:hover, .mpcs-classroom div#mpcs-lesson-navigation button#previous_lesson_link, .mpcs-classroom div#mpcs-lesson-navigation button#previous_lesson_link:hover { background: rgba(44, 54, 55); } .course-progress .user-progress, .btn-green, #mpcs-navbar button:not(#mpcs-classroom-previous-lesson-link), .mpcs-classroom div#mpcs-lesson-navigation button:not(#previous_lesson_link), .mpcs-classroom #mpcs-quiz-navigation button:focus, .mpcs-classroom #mpcs-quiz-navigation button:hover { background: rgba(29, 166, 154, 0.9); } .btn-green:hover, #mpcs-navbar button:not(#mpcs-classroom-previous-lesson-link):focus, #mpcs-navbar button:not(#mpcs-classroom-previous-lesson-link):hover, .mpcs-classroom div#mpcs-lesson-navigation button:not(#previous_lesson_link):focus, .mpcs-classroom div#mpcs-lesson-navigation button:not(#previous_lesson_link):hover, .mpcs-classroom #mpcs-quiz-navigation button { background: rgba(29, 166, 154); } .btn-green{border: rgba(29, 166, 154)} .course-progress .progress-text, .mpcs-lesson i.mpcs-circle-regular { color: rgba(29, 166, 154); } #mpcs-main #bookmark, .mpcs-lesson.current{background: rgba(29, 166, 154, 0.3)} .mpcs-instructor .tile-subtitle{ color: rgba(29, 166, 154, 1); } .mpcs-classroom .mpcs-quiz-question-feedback { border-top-color: rgba(29, 166, 154, 1); border-bottom-color: rgba(29, 166, 154, 1); } </style> <meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://ndltd.org"><link rel="alternate" href="https://ndltd.org/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" /><style type="text/css"> #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-toggle a{ background-color: #4054b2; color: #ffffff;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay, #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay ul.pojo-a11y-toolbar-items.pojo-a11y-links{ border-color: #4054b2;} body.pojo-a11y-focusable a:focus{ outline-style: solid !important; outline-width: 1px !important; outline-color: #FF0000 !important;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar{ top: 300px !important;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay{ background-color: #ffffff;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay ul.pojo-a11y-toolbar-items li.pojo-a11y-toolbar-item a, #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay p.pojo-a11y-toolbar-title{ color: #333333;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay ul.pojo-a11y-toolbar-items li.pojo-a11y-toolbar-item a.active{ background-color: #4054b2; color: #ffffff;} @media (max-width: 767px) { #pojo-a11y-toolbar { top: 420px !important; } }</style><link rel="icon" href="https://ndltd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/cropped-ndltd-site-icon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://ndltd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/cropped-ndltd-site-icon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://ndltd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/cropped-ndltd-site-icon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://ndltd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/cropped-ndltd-site-icon-270x270.png" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:ital,wght@0,100;0,200;0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;0,900;1,100;1,200;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800;1,900&family=Roboto:ital,wght@0,100;0,300;0,400;0,500;0,700;0,900;1,100;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,700;1,900&display=swap'); html { scroll-behavior: smooth; } .yoast-bc { padding: 15px; display: flex; } .tribe-events-calendar-list__event-description a.read-more { color: white !important; padding: 0 5px; border-radius: 3px; } .button, .wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link { border-radius: 5px; } .page-hero { padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; } .donateBtn a.wp-block-button__link { padding: 15px; text-decoration: none !important; } .donateBtn a.wp-block-button__link:hover { background-color: #48aeee; color: #fff; } .headerBtn .donateBtn a.wp-block-button__link{ padding: 7px 15px; line-height: 1; font-size: 14px !important; } aside#lsi_widget-3,.dNone{ display: none; } .top-bar .inside-top-bar{ justify-content: flex-end; } .pricingBox ul.wp-block-list { margin: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; text-align: center; list-style: none; } .pricingBox .donateBtn a.wp-block-button__link{ padding: 10px 30px !important; } .pricingBox .donateBtn a.wp-block-button__link:hover{ background-color: #fff; color: #48aeee; } .priceContainer { margin: 0px -100px; padding: 50px 20px 0px; } .page-id-2093 .site.grid-container.container { max-width: 500px; padding: 40px 20px; } p.register_now { font-weight: 600; text-align: center; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct nav#pojo-a11y-toolbar { display: none; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct a#pojo-a11y-skip-content { display: none; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct .mepr-checkout-container .invoice-wrapper table { background-color: #fff !important; box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px gray; border-radius: 10px; padding: 10px; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct .mp-form-row-group { gap: 10px; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct .mp-form-row.mp-address-group { display: flex; flex-direction: column; /* position: relative; */ } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct div,body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct p,body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct h1,body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct h2,body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct h3,body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct h4,body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct h5, body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct h6, body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct input,body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct a { font-family: mont; font-family: 'Roboto'; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct div h3.invoice-heading { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct div .mepr_price_cell.invoice-amount { font-size: 35px; margin-top: 20px !important; display: block !important; font-weight: 500; color: #0b2341; } .mepr-checkout-container .form-wrapper input[type="submit"]{ background-color: #0b2341; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct .mepr-checkout-container .form-wrapper input[type="submit"]:hover{ background-color: #48aeee; } .mepr-payment-methods-radios label { text-align: center; display: flex ; justify-content: center; padding: 10px 20px; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_upload-1>.mp-form-label,body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr-address-city { position: relative; top: 40px; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_alternate_email>p,body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_upload-1>p,body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr-address-country { position: relative; bottom: 40px; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_upload { position: absolute; top: 55px; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct .form-wrapper { padding-top: 130px; position: relative !important; } body.mpcs-classroom nav#pojo-a11y-toolbar , body.mpcs-classroom a#pojo-a11y-skip-content,body.mpcs-classroom div#gp-search,body.mepr-app-layout nav#pojo-a11y-toolbar , body.mepr-app-layout a#pojo-a11y-skip-content,body.mepr-app-layout div#gp-search { display: none; } #lsi_widget-7 .lsi-social-icons li { margin: 0 5px 8px 0 !important; } #lsi_widget-7 .lsi-social-icons li i.lsicon.lsicon-fivehundredpx { font-size: 0; width: 20px; height: 20px; display: inline-block; background-image: url(/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/bluesky-blue-logo-24455.svg); background-size: cover; position: relative; top: -7px; } .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr-address-one>p { position: absolute; top: 135px; } body.single.logged-in .mepr-checkout-container.mp_wrapper>.form-wrapper>.mp-form-row:nth-child(7),body.single:not(.logged-in) .mepr-checkout-container.mp_wrapper>.form-wrapper>.mp-form-row:nth-child(4) { margin-top: 140px; margin-bottom: 110px; } .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_prefix , .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_suffix-1 { position: absolute; right: 0; width: calc(100% - 3rem) !important; } .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_prefix { top: 175px; } .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_suffix-1 { top: 335px; } .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_prefix select, .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_suffix-1 select{ display: block; width: 100%; height: calc(1.5em + 0.75rem + 2px); /* padding: 0.375rem 0.75rem; */ font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; color: #495057; background-color: #fff; background-clip: padding-box; border: 1px solid #ced4da; border-radius: 0.25rem; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08), 0px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-in-out, box-shadow 0.15s ease-in-out; } button#wpforms-submit-2350 { color: #ffffff; background-color: #0b2341; } button#wpforms-submit-2350:hover { color: #ffffff; background-color: var(--global-color-9); } .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_upload-1 { border-top: 1px solid #9b9b9b; padding-top: 15px; margin-top: 20px; } /* .single-memberpressproduct.postid-2273 .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_suffix label ,.single-memberpressproduct.postid-2273 .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_suffix-1 label,.single-memberpressproduct.postid-2273 .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_prefix .mp-form-label { display: none !important; } .single-memberpressproduct.postid-2273 .mepr-checkout-container.mp_wrapper>.form-wrapper>.mp-form-row:nth-child(7),.single-memberpressproduct.postid-2273:not(.logged-in) .mepr-checkout-container.mp_wrapper>.form-wrapper>.mp-form-row:nth-child(4) { margin-top: 115px; margin-bottom: 100px; } */ /* .single-memberpressproduct.postid-2273 .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_suffix-1 { top: 320px; } */ .addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:last-child { flex-direction: row-reverse; } .addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:nth-child(4),.addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:last-child { display: flex; gap: 20px; } .addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:last-child:after,.addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:last-child:before, .addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:nth-child(4):after,.addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:nth-child(4):before { display: none !important; } .addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:last-child .wpforms-field-row-block,.addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:nth-child(4) .wpforms-field-row-block { margin: 0; } .addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:nth-child(4) .wpforms-field-row-block.wpforms-one-half.wpforms-first { position: relative; top: 67px; z-index: 1; } .addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:last-child .wpforms-field-row-block.wpforms-one-half:last-child { position: relative; bottom: 67px; z-index: 1; } .single-memberpressproduct .mepr-payment-methods-wrapper { border-top: 1px solid #979797; } .page-id-165 .gb-container.gb-container-752bb55c a.wp-block-button__link.has-global-color-8-color.has-base-3-background-color.has-text-color.has-background.has-link-color.wp-element-button { display: none; } .page-id-165 #block-22 .wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button:last-child { display: none; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct form#mepr_signup_form .mepr-checkout-container.mp_wrapper .form-wrapper .mp-form-row.mp-address-group { margin-bottom: -600px; margin-top: 450px !important; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct form#mepr_signup_form .mepr-checkout-container.mp_wrapper .form-wrapper .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_phone { margin-top: 290px; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct form#mepr_signup_form .mepr-checkout-container.mp_wrapper .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_prefix-1 .mp-form-label { position: relative; top: 40px; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct form#mepr_signup_form .mepr-checkout-container.mp_wrapper .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_prefix-1 p { position: relative; bottom: 35px; } body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct form#mepr_signup_form .mepr-checkout-container.mp_wrapper .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_old_id,body.memberpressproduct-template-default.single.single-memberpressproduct form#mepr_signup_form .mepr-checkout-container.mp_wrapper .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_fax { border-bottom: 1px solid #979797; padding-bottom: 20px; } @media (max-width:1200px) { .priceContainer { margin: 0px 0px; padding: 0px 5px; } .priceContainer{ flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; } .priceContainer .pricingBox { width: 48%; } } @media(max-width:1024px) { .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_prefix, .mp-form-row.mepr_custom_field.mepr_mepr_suffix-1 { width: calc(100% - 95px) !important; left: 0; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } } @media (max-width:767px) { .priceContainer .pricingBox { width: 100%; } } @media(max-width:575px){ .addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:nth-child(4),.addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:last-child{ display: flex; flex-direction: column; } .addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:nth-child(4) .wpforms-field-row-block,.addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:last-child .wpforms-field-row-block { width: 100% !important; margin: 0 !important; } .addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:last-child .wpforms-field-row-block.wpforms-one-half:last-child { bottom: 129px; } .addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:last-child { flex-direction: column-reverse; } .addressBox>.wpforms-field-row.wpforms-field-large:nth-child(4) .wpforms-field-row-block.wpforms-one-half.wpforms-first { top: 135px; } } </style> </head> <body class="home blog wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive post-image-above-header post-image-aligned-left masonry-enabled generate-columns-activated sticky-menu-fade sticky-enabled both-sticky-menu tribe-no-js page-template-generatepress-child no-sidebar nav-float-right separate-containers header-aligned-right dropdown-hover" itemtype="https://schema.org/Blog" itemscope> <a class="screen-reader-text skip-link" href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a> <div class="top-bar top-bar-align-right"> <div class="inside-top-bar"> <aside id="block-22" class="widget inner-padding widget_block"> <div class="wp-block-buttons headerBtn is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button has-custom-font-size donateBtn" style="font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-weight:500"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-contrast-color has-base-3-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button" href="/membership/become-member/#signup_pricing_page" style="border-radius:5px">Join</a></div> <div class="wp-block-button has-custom-font-size donateBtn" style="font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-weight:500"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-global-color-8-color has-base-3-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button" href="https://ndltd.org/login/" style="border-radius:5px">Login</a></div> <div class="wp-block-button has-custom-font-size donateBtn is-style-fill" style="font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-weight:500"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-global-color-8-color has-base-3-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button" href="/donate/" style="border-radius:5px">Donate</a></div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <header class="site-header has-inline-mobile-toggle" id="masthead" aria-label="Site" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader" itemscope> <div class="inside-header"> <div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://ndltd.org/" rel="home"> <img class="header-image is-logo-image" alt="Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations" src="https://ndltd.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/ndltd-logo.svg" width="172" height="100" /> </a> </div> <nav class="main-navigation mobile-menu-control-wrapper" id="mobile-menu-control-wrapper" aria-label="Mobile Toggle"> <div class="menu-bar-items"> <span class="menu-bar-item"> <a href="#" role="button" aria-label="Open search" data-gpmodal-trigger="gp-search"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </div> <button data-nav="site-navigation" class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="gp-icon icon-menu-bars"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> </button> </nav> <nav class="has-sticky-branding main-navigation has-menu-bar-items sub-menu-right" id="site-navigation" aria-label="Primary" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope> <div class="inside-navigation"> <div class="navigation-branding"><div class="sticky-navigation-logo"> <a href="https://ndltd.org/" title="Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations" rel="home"> <img src="http://ndltd.vt.domains/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/ndltd-logo.svg" class="is-logo-image" alt="Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations" width="" height="" /> </a> </div></div> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="gp-icon icon-menu-bars"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> </button> <div id="primary-menu" class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-header-navigation" class=" menu sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-671" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-671"><a href="https://ndltd.org/community/">Community<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1164" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1164"><a href="https://ndltd.org/directory/board-of-directors/">Board of Directors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1163" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1163"><a href="https://ndltd.org/directory/committees-working-groups/">Committees & Working Groups</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1165" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1165"><a href="https://ndltd.org/directory/prior-board-members/">Prior Board Members</a></li> <li id="menu-item-960" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-960"><a href="https://ndltd.org/volunteer/">Volunteer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-963" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-963"><a href="https://ndltd.org/donate/">Donate to NDLTD</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1205" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1205"><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/ndltd.org/g/etd?pli=1">ETD Forum</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-672" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-672"><a href="https://ndltd.org/membership/">Membership<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-897" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-897"><a href="https://ndltd.org/membership/list-of-members/">List of Members</a></li> <li id="menu-item-899" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-899"><a href="https://ndltd.org/membership/membership-benefits/">Membership Benefits</a></li> <li id="menu-item-898" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-898"><a href="https://ndltd.org/membership/become-member/">Become a Member</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1448" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1448"><a href="https://ndltd.org/membership/edit-renew-membership/">Edit/Pay Membership</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1166" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1166"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/help-build-global-etd-search/">ETD Search<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-680" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-680"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/">Thesis Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-673" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-673"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/find-etds/">Find ETDs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-895" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-895"><a href="http://search.ndltd.org/">Global ETD Search</a></li> <li id="menu-item-923" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-923"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/build-etds/">Build ETDs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-922" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-922"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/manage-etds/">Manage ETDs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-681" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-681"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/faqs/">FAQs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-959" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-959"><a href="#">ETD Symposium<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-961" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-961"><a href="https://ndltd.org/sponsor-students-librarians/">Sponsor Students & Librarians</a></li> <li id="menu-item-962" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-962"><a href="https://ndltd.org/exhibit-at-a-conference/">Exhibit at a Conference</a></li> <li id="menu-item-917" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-917"><a href="https://ndltd.org/past-ndltd-conferences/">Past NDLTD Symposia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-925" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-925"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/etd-symposium-papers-slides-and-posters/">ETD Symposium Papers, Slides, and Posters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1209" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1209"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLkkCGJAzvhIhmjdr22IF42B0rWx64sBgK">Conference Videos</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1223" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1223"><a href="https://ndltd.org/ndltd-awards/">NDLTD Awards<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1167" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1167"><a href="https://ndltd.org/ndltd-awards/awards-nominations/">Awards Nominations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1170" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1170"><a href="https://ndltd.org/ndltd-awards/innovative-etd-awards/">Innovative ETD Awards</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1169" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1169"><a href="https://ndltd.org/ndltd-awards/ndltd-leadership-awards/">ETD Leadership Awards</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1208" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1208"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLkkCGJAzvhIiPSMdnMnr6or6QzUdiLPVT">Awards Videos</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1176" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1176"><a href="https://ndltd.org/etd-journal/">ETD Journal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1204" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1204"><a href="#">News & Events<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-915" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-915"><a href="https://ndltd.org/news/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-894" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-894"><a href="/events/">Events</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="menu-bar-items"> <span class="menu-bar-item"> <a href="#" role="button" aria-label="Open search" data-gpmodal-trigger="gp-search"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <div class="gb-container gb-container-c4aeb5ae"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h4 class="gb-headline gb-headline-1f44e752 gb-headline-text"><strong>The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD)</strong> is an international organization dedicated to promoting the adoption, creation, use, dissemination, and preservation of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs). We support electronic publishing and open access to scholarship in order to enhance the sharing of knowledge worldwide.</h4> </div></div> <div class="site grid-container container hfeed" id="page"> <div class="site-content" id="content"> <div class="content-area" id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <div class="generate-columns-container masonry-container are-images-unloaded"><div class="grid-sizer grid-50 tablet-grid-50 mobile-grid-100"></div><article id="post-2738" class="post-2738 tribe_events type-tribe_events status-publish hentry masonry-post generate-columns tablet-grid-50 mobile-grid-100 grid-parent grid-100 featured-column" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://ndltd.org/event/call-for-proposals-deadline-extended-etd-2025-symposium/" rel="bookmark">Call for Proposals Deadline Extended – ETD 2025 Symposium</a></h2> </header> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <p>Learn more about our call for proposals and how you can participate in the ETD 2025 Symposium / USETDA 2025 Joint International Conference by visiting our CFP Webpage. You can submit your proposals for full papers, presentations, panel discussions, flash talks, posters, tutorials … </p> <p class="read-more-container"><a title="Call for Proposals Deadline Extended – ETD 2025 Symposium" class="read-more button" href="https://ndltd.org/event/call-for-proposals-deadline-extended-etd-2025-symposium/#more-2738" aria-label="Read more about Call for Proposals Deadline Extended – ETD 2025 Symposium">Read more</a></p> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-2718" class="post-2718 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-uncategorized masonry-post generate-columns tablet-grid-50 mobile-grid-100 grid-parent grid-50" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://ndltd.org/awards-nominations-being-accepted-now/" rel="bookmark">Awards Nominations Being Accepted Now!</a></h2> </header> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <p>NDLTD is pleased to announce the 2025 ETD Awards program. Submit nominations now! Deadline for Nominations: June 30, 2025 The Innovative ETD Award supports student efforts to transform the genre of the dissertation through the use of innovative research data management techniques … </p> <p class="read-more-container"><a title="Awards Nominations Being Accepted Now!" class="read-more button" href="https://ndltd.org/awards-nominations-being-accepted-now/#more-2718" aria-label="Read more about Awards Nominations Being Accepted Now!">Read more</a></p> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-2684" class="post-2684 tribe_events type-tribe_events status-publish hentry masonry-post generate-columns tablet-grid-50 mobile-grid-100 grid-parent grid-50" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://ndltd.org/event/etd-2025-call-for-proposals/" rel="bookmark">ETD 2025 Call for Proposals</a></h2> </header> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <p>Learn more about our call for proposals and how you can participate in the ETD 2025 Symposium / USETDA 2025 Joint International Conference by visiting our CFP Webpage. You can submit your proposals for papers, presentations, panel discussions, flash talks, posters, tutorials … </p> <p class="read-more-container"><a title="ETD 2025 Call for Proposals" class="read-more button" href="https://ndltd.org/event/etd-2025-call-for-proposals/#more-2684" aria-label="Read more about ETD 2025 Call for Proposals">Read more</a></p> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-2096" class="post-2096 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-uncategorized masonry-post generate-columns tablet-grid-50 mobile-grid-100 grid-parent grid-50" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://ndltd.org/iryna-kuchma-recognized-with-the-2024-ndltd-leadership-award/" rel="bookmark">Iryna Kuchma recognized with the 2024 NDLTD Leadership Award</a></h2> </header> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <p>We are proud to recognize Iryna Kuchma for her exceptional dedication and contributions to the NDLTD community. Serving on the NDLTD Board of Directors since 2011, Iryna has played a pivotal role in promoting open access electronic theses and dissertations (ETDS). Her … </p> <p class="read-more-container"><a title="Iryna Kuchma recognized with the 2024 NDLTD Leadership Award" class="read-more button" href="https://ndltd.org/iryna-kuchma-recognized-with-the-2024-ndltd-leadership-award/#more-2096" aria-label="Read more about Iryna Kuchma recognized with the 2024 NDLTD Leadership Award">Read more</a></p> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-1985" class="post-1985 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-uncategorized masonry-post generate-columns tablet-grid-50 mobile-grid-100 grid-parent grid-50" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://ndltd.org/etd-2024-announcement/" rel="bookmark">ETD 2024 Announcement</a></h2> </header> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="text"> <p>We are thrilled to announce that the 27th International Symposium on Electronic #Theses and #Dissertations (#ETD2024) will take place on November 4-6 in Livingstone, Zambia. Hosted by The University Of Zambia (UNZA), Higher Education Authority of Zambia and Zambia Research and Education Network together with NDLTD. This year’s topic … </p> <p class="read-more-container"><a title="ETD 2024 Announcement" class="read-more button" href="https://ndltd.org/etd-2024-announcement/#more-1985" aria-label="Read more about ETD 2024 Announcement">Read more</a></p> </div> </div> </article> <nav id="nav-below" class="paging-navigation" aria-label="Archive Page"> <div class="nav-previous"> <span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span> <span class="prev" title="Previous"><a href="https://ndltd.org/page/2/" >Older posts</a></span> </div> <div class="nav-links"><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page</span>1</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://ndltd.org/page/2/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page</span>2</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">…</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://ndltd.org/page/6/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page</span>6</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="https://ndltd.org/page/2/">Next <span aria-hidden="true">→</span></a></div> </nav> </div> </main> </div> </div> </div> <div class="gb-container gb-container-752bb55c"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-25 has-custom-font-size donateBtn is-style-fill" style="font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-weight:500"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-global-color-8-color has-base-3-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button" href="http://ndltd.vt.domains/donate/" style="border-radius:5px">Donate</a></div> </div> </div></div> <p class="has-medium-font-size"></p> <div class="site-footer"> <div id="footer-widgets" class="site footer-widgets"> <div class="footer-widgets-container"> <div class="inside-footer-widgets"> <div class="footer-widget-1"> <aside id="nav_menu-5" class="widget inner-padding widget_nav_menu"><h2 class="widget-title">Community</h2><div class="menu-footer-menu-1-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-1" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-42" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42"><a href="https://ndltd.org/community/">Community</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1265" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1265"><a href="https://ndltd.org/volunteer/">Volunteer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1266" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1266"><a href="https://ndltd.org/donate/">Donate to NDLTD</a></li> <li id="menu-item-43" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43"><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/ndltd.org/g/etd?pli=1">ETD Forum</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1452" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1452"><a href="https://ndltd.org/past-ndltd-conferences/">Past NDLTD Symposia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1451" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1451"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/etd-symposium-papers-slides-and-posters/">ETD Symposium Papers, Slides, and Posters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1456"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLkkCGJAzvhIhmjdr22IF42B0rWx64sBgK">ETD Symposium Videos</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1454"><a href="https://ndltd.org/ndltd-awards/">NDLTD Awards</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1455" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1455"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLkkCGJAzvhIiPSMdnMnr6or6QzUdiLPVT">Awards Videos</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget-2"> <aside id="nav_menu-6" class="widget inner-padding widget_nav_menu"><h2 class="widget-title">Membership</h2><div class="menu-footer-menu-5-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-5" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-714" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-714"><a href="https://ndltd.org/membership/">Membership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-715" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-715"><a href="https://ndltd.org/membership/list-of-members/">List of Members</a></li> <li id="menu-item-716" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-716"><a href="https://ndltd.org/membership/membership-benefits/">Membership Benefits</a></li> <li id="menu-item-717" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-717"><a href="https://ndltd.org/membership/become-member/">Become a Member</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2338" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2338"><a href="https://ndltd.org/account/">Edit/Pay Membership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2339" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2339"><a href="#">Webinar</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2340" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2340"><a href="#">Courses</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget-3"> <aside id="nav_menu-7" class="widget inner-padding widget_nav_menu"><h2 class="widget-title">ETD Search</h2><div class="menu-footer-menu-2-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-2" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-689" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-689"><a href="http://search.ndltd.org/">Global ETD Search</a></li> <li id="menu-item-679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-679"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/">Thesis Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-685" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-685"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/find-etds/">Find ETDs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-686" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-686"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/build-etds/">Build ETDs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-687" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-687"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/manage-etds/">Manage ETDs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-690" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-690"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/help-build-global-etd-search/">Help Build Global ETD Search</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1453" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1453"><a href="http://union.ndltd.org/portal/?">ETD Metadata Providers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1249" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1249"><a href="https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/faqs/">FAQs</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget-4"> <aside id="nav_menu-8" class="widget inner-padding widget_nav_menu"><h2 class="widget-title">About</h2><div class="menu-footer-menu-3-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-3" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-567" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-567"><a href="https://ndltd.org/mission-goals-and-history/">Mission, Goals, and History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-569" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-569"><a href="https://ndltd.org/official-documents/">Official Documents</a></li> <li id="menu-item-568" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-568"><a href="https://ndltd.org/financial-information/">Financial Information</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1461"><a href="https://ndltd.org/terms-of-use/">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1462" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-1462"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://ndltd.org/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget-5"> <aside id="nav_menu-9" class="widget inner-padding widget_nav_menu"><h2 class="widget-title">Contact</h2><div class="menu-footer-menu-4-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-4" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-699" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-699"><a href="https://ndltd.org/directory/">Directory</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1307" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1307"><a href="https://ndltd.org/directory/committees-working-groups/">Committees & Working Groups</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1308" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1308"><a href="https://ndltd.org/directory/board-of-directors/">Board of Directors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1311" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1311"><a href="https://ndltd.org/directory/prior-board-members/">Prior Board Members</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1309" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1309"><a href="https://ndltd.org/directory/volunteers/">Volunteers</a></li> </ul></div></aside><aside id="lsi_widget-7" class="widget inner-padding widget_lsi_widget"><ul class="lsi-social-icons icon-set-lsi_widget-7" style="text-align: left"><li class="lsi-social-facebook"><a class="" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Facebook" aria-label="Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/NDLTD" target="_blank"><i class="lsicon lsicon-facebook"></i></a></li><li class="lsi-social-twitter"><a class="" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Twitter" aria-label="Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/NDLTD" target="_blank"><i class="lsicon lsicon-twitter"></i></a></li><li class="lsi-social-linkedin"><a class="" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="LinkedIn" aria-label="LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/groups/2024919/" target="_blank"><i class="lsicon lsicon-linkedin"></i></a></li><li class="lsi-social-youtube"><a class="" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="YouTube" aria-label="YouTube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NDLTDx" target="_blank"><i class="lsicon lsicon-youtube"></i></a></li><li class="lsi-social-fivehundredpx"><a class="" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="500px" aria-label="500px" href="https://bsky.app/profile/ndltd.org" target="_blank"><i class="lsicon lsicon-fivehundredpx"></i></a></li></ul></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="site-info" aria-label="Site" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope> <div class="inside-site-info"> <div class="copyright-bar"> <span class="copyright">© 2025 Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations</span> • Built with <a href="https://generatepress.com" itemprop="url">GeneratePress</a> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="gtranslate_wrapper" id="gt-wrapper-88003315"></div> <script> ( function ( body ) { 'use strict'; body.className = body.className.replace( /\btribe-no-js\b/, 'tribe-js' ); } )( document.body ); </script> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Select the input field with the name 'mepr_alternate_email' var alternateEmailField = document.querySelector('[name="mepr_alternate_email"]'); if (alternateEmailField) { // Create a new paragraph element for the custom text var customText = document.createElement('p'); customText.innerHTML = "<strong class='member-application'></strong>"; customText.style.marginBottom = "8px"; // Add spacing below the text customText.style.fontWeight = "bold"; // Insert the custom text before the input field alternateEmailField.parentElement.insertBefore(customText, alternateEmailField); } }); </script> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Select the input field with the name 'mepr_company_name' var companyNameField = document.querySelector('[name="mepr_upload-1"]'); if (companyNameField) { // Create a new paragraph element for the custom text var customText = document.createElement('p'); customText.innerHTML = "<strong class='company-detail'>Please provide your Company Billing information below:</strong>"; customText.style.marginBottom = "8px"; // Add spacing below the text customText.style.fontWeight = "bold"; // Insert the custom text before the input field companyNameField.parentElement.insertBefore(customText, companyNameField); } }); </script> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Select the custom field by its slug let field = document.querySelector('input[name="mepr_for_company_field_please_enter_your_institution_or_college_affiliation"]'); if (field) { // Add a placeholder to the field field.setAttribute('placeholder', 'Company'); } }); </script> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Select the custom field by its slug let field = document.querySelector('input[name="mepr_for_title_position_field_if_you_are_a_student_please_enter_student"]'); if (field) { // Add the placeholder text field.setAttribute('placeholder', 'Title/Position'); } }); </script> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Select the input field with the class 'mepr_prefix' var prefixField = document.querySelector('.mepr_prefix'); if (prefixField) { // Create a new paragraph element for the custom text var customText = document.createElement('p'); customText.innerHTML = "<strong>Name of Primary Contact</strong>"; customText.style.marginBottom = "8px"; // Add spacing below the text customText.style.fontWeight = "bold"; // Insert the custom text before the input field prefixField.parentElement.insertBefore(customText, prefixField); } }); </script> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Select the input field with the name 'mepr-address-one' var addressOneField = document.querySelector('[name="mepr-address-one"]'); if (addressOneField) { // Create a new paragraph element for the custom text var customTextAddressOne = document.createElement('p'); customTextAddressOne.innerHTML = "<strong class='member-application'>Primary Contact.</strong>"; customTextAddressOne.style.marginBottom = "8px"; // Add spacing below the text customTextAddressOne.style.fontWeight = "bold"; // Insert the custom text before the input field addressOneField.parentElement.insertBefore(customTextAddressOne, addressOneField); } }); </script> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Select the country field by name 'mepr-address-country' var countryField = document.querySelector('[name="mepr-address-country"]'); if (countryField) { // Set the default value to United States (US) countryField.value = 'US'; // 'US' is the country code for United States // Optionally, trigger a change event to update the form var event = new Event('change'); countryField.dispatchEvent(event); } }); </script> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Select the field with the slug 'mepr_prefix-1' var prefixField = document.querySelector('[name="mepr_prefix-1"]'); if (prefixField) { // Create a new paragraph element for the custom text var customText = document.createElement('p'); customText.innerHTML = "<strong>Please enter Administrative Assistant information below:</strong>"; customText.style.marginBottom = "8px"; // Add spacing below the text customText.style.fontWeight = "bold"; // Insert the custom text before the field prefixField.parentElement.insertBefore(customText, prefixField); } }); </script> <script id="generate-a11y">!function(){"use strict";if("querySelector"in document&&"addEventListener"in window){var e=document.body;e.addEventListener("mousedown",function(){e.classList.add("using-mouse")}),e.addEventListener("keydown",function(){e.classList.remove("using-mouse")})}}();</script> <div class="gp-modal gp-search-modal" id="gp-search"> <div class="gp-modal__overlay" tabindex="-1" data-gpmodal-close> <div class="gp-modal__container"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-modal-form" action="https://ndltd.org/"> <label for="search-modal-input" class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</label> <div class="search-modal-fields"> <input id="search-modal-input" type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> <button aria-label="Search"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg></span></button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <script> /* <![CDATA[ */var tribe_l10n_datatables = {"aria":{"sort_ascending":": activate to sort column ascending","sort_descending":": activate to sort column descending"},"length_menu":"Show _MENU_ entries","empty_table":"No data available in table","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","info_empty":"Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries","info_filtered":"(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)","zero_records":"No matching records found","search":"Search:","all_selected_text":"All items on this page were selected. ","select_all_link":"Select all pages","clear_selection":"Clear Selection.","pagination":{"all":"All","next":"Next","previous":"Previous"},"select":{"rows":{"0":"","_":": Selected %d rows","1":": Selected 1 row"}},"datepicker":{"dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesMin":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Prev","currentText":"Today","closeText":"Done","today":"Today","clear":"Clear"}};/* ]]> */ </script><link rel='stylesheet' id='lsi-style-css' href='https://ndltd.org/wp-content/plugins/lightweight-social-icons/css/style-min.css?ver=1.1' media='all' /> <style id='lsi-style-inline-css'> .icon-set-lsi_widget-7 a, .icon-set-lsi_widget-7 a:visited, .icon-set-lsi_widget-7 a:focus { border-radius: 80px; background: #0b2341 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; font-size: 15px !important; } .icon-set-lsi_widget-7 a:hover { background: #0b2341 !important; color: #8cb2e7 !important; } </style> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css'> .wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2{justify-content:center;} </style> <script src="https://ndltd.org/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/js/sticky.min.js?ver=2.5.1" id="generate-sticky-js"></script> <script id="generate-smooth-scroll-js-extra"> var gpSmoothScroll = {"elements":[".smooth-scroll","li.smooth-scroll a"],"duration":"800","offset":""}; </script> <script src="https://ndltd.org/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/general/js/smooth-scroll.min.js?ver=2.5.1" id="generate-smooth-scroll-js"></script> <script id="pojo-a11y-js-extra"> var PojoA11yOptions = {"focusable":"","remove_link_target":"","add_role_links":"","enable_save":"","save_expiration":""}; </script> <script src="https://ndltd.org/wp-content/plugins/pojo-accessibility/modules/legacy/assets/js/app.min.js?ver=1.0.0" id="pojo-a11y-js"></script>  <script id="generate-menu-js-extra"> var generatepressMenu = {"toggleOpenedSubMenus":"1","openSubMenuLabel":"Open Sub-Menu","closeSubMenuLabel":"Close Sub-Menu"}; </script> <script src="https://ndltd.org/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/menu.min.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-menu-js"></script> <script src="https://ndltd.org/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/dist/modal.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-modal-js"></script> <script src="https://ndltd.org/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0" id="imagesloaded-js"></script> <script src="https://ndltd.org/wp-includes/js/masonry.min.js?ver=4.2.2" id="masonry-js"></script> <script id="generate-blog-js-extra"> var generateBlog = {"more":"+ More","loading":"Loading...","icon":"<span class=\"gp-icon spinner\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" aria-hidden=\"true\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M288 32c0 17.673-14.327 32-32 32-17.673 0-32-14.327-32-32 0-17.673 14.327-32 32-32 17.673 0 32 14.327 32 32zM288 480c0 17.673-14.327 32-32 32-17.673 0-32-14.327-32-32 0-17.673 14.327-32 32-32 17.673 0 32 14.327 32 32zM448 256c0 17.673 14.327 32 32 32 17.673 0 32-14.327 32-32 0-17.673-14.327-32-32-32-17.673 0-32 14.327-32 32zM32 288c-17.673 0-32-14.327-32-32 0-17.673 14.327-32 32-32 17.673 0 32 14.327 32 32 0 17.673-14.327 32-32 32zM391.764 391.764c-12.496 12.497-12.496 32.759 0 45.255 12.497 12.497 32.758 12.497 45.255 0 12.497-12.496 12.497-32.758 0-45.255-12.497-12.496-32.758-12.496-45.255 0zM74.981 120.235c-12.497-12.496-12.497-32.758 0-45.254 12.496-12.497 32.758-12.497 45.254 0 12.497 12.496 12.497 32.758 0 45.254-12.496 12.497-32.758 12.497-45.254 0zM120.235 391.765c-12.496-12.497-32.758-12.497-45.254 0-12.497 12.496-12.497 32.758 0 45.254 12.496 12.497 32.758 12.497 45.254 0 12.497-12.496 12.497-32.758 0-45.254z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/span>","masonryInit":{"columnWidth":".grid-sizer","itemSelector":".masonry-post","stamp":".page-header","percentPosition":true,"stagger":30,"visibleStyle":{"transform":"translateY(0)","opacity":1},"hiddenStyle":{"transform":"translateY(5px)","opacity":0}},"infiniteScrollInit":{"path":".infinite-scroll-path a","append":"#main .infinite-scroll-item","history":false,"loadOnScroll":true,"button":null,"scrollThreshold":600}}; </script> <script src="https://ndltd.org/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/blog/functions/js/scripts.min.js?ver=2.5.1" id="generate-blog-js"></script> <script id="gt_widget_script_88003315-js-before"> window.gtranslateSettings = /* document.write */ window.gtranslateSettings || {};window.gtranslateSettings['88003315'] = {"default_language":"en","languages":["ar","zh-CN","nl","en","fr","de","it","pt","ru","es"],"url_structure":"none","native_language_names":1,"detect_browser_language":1,"flag_style":"3d","wrapper_selector":"#gt-wrapper-88003315","alt_flags":{"en":"usa"},"float_switcher_open_direction":"top","switcher_horizontal_position":"left","switcher_vertical_position":"bottom","custom_css":"\/* Google Translate plugin ke text ka font size chhota karne ke liye *\/\r\n.goog-te-menu-value span {\r\n font-size: 12px !important; \/* Yahan aap apni desired font size set kar sakte hain *\/\r\n line-height: 1.2 !important; \/* Line height ko bhi adjust karne ke liye *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Flag icon ka size chhota karne ke liye *\/\r\n.goog-te-gadget-icon {\r\n width: 16px !important; \/* Icon ki width adjust karne ke liye *\/\r\n height: 16px !important; \/* Icon ki height adjust karne ke liye *\/\r\n background-size: contain !important; \/* Ensure ki icon properly fit ho *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Dropdown arrow ko chhota karne ke liye *\/\r\n.goog-te-menu-value:after {\r\n font-size: 10px !important; \/* Dropdown arrow ka size *\/\r\n}"}; </script><script src="https://cdn.gtranslate.net/widgets/latest/float.js?ver=6.7.2" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-minify="1" data-gt-orig-url="/" data-gt-orig-domain="ndltd.org" data-gt-widget-id="88003315" defer></script> <a id="pojo-a11y-skip-content" class="pojo-skip-link pojo-skip-content" tabindex="1" accesskey="s" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <nav id="pojo-a11y-toolbar" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-right pojo-a11y-" role="navigation"> <div class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-toggle"> <a class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-toolbar-toggle-link" href="javascript:void(0);" title="Accessibility Tools" role="button"> <span class="pojo-sr-only sr-only">Open toolbar</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" fill="currentColor" width="1em"> <title>Accessibility Tools</title> <path d="M50 .8c5.7 0 10.4 4.7 10.4 10.4S55.7 21.6 50 21.6s-10.4-4.7-10.4-10.4S44.3.8 50 .8zM92.2 32l-21.9 2.3c-2.6.3-4.6 2.5-4.6 5.2V94c0 2.9-2.3 5.2-5.2 5.2H60c-2.7 0-4.9-2.1-5.2-4.7l-2.2-24.7c-.1-1.5-1.4-2.5-2.8-2.4-1.3.1-2.2 1.1-2.4 2.4l-2.2 24.7c-.2 2.7-2.5 4.7-5.2 4.7h-.5c-2.9 0-5.2-2.3-5.2-5.2V39.4c0-2.7-2-4.9-4.6-5.2L7.8 32c-2.6-.3-4.6-2.5-4.6-5.2v-.5c0-2.6 2.1-4.7 4.7-4.7h.5c19.3 1.8 33.2 2.8 41.7 2.8s22.4-.9 41.7-2.8c2.6-.2 4.9 1.6 5.2 4.3v1c-.1 2.6-2.1 4.8-4.8 5.1z"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay"> <div class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-inner"> <p class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-title">Accessibility Tools</p> <ul class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-items pojo-a11y-tools"> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-resize-font pojo-a11y-btn-resize-plus" data-action="resize-plus" data-action-group="resize" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Increase Text</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 200v16c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8h-56v56c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8h-16c-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8v-56h-56c-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8v-16c0-4.25 3.75-8 8-8h56v-56c0-4.25 3.75-8 8-8h16c4.25 0 8 3.75 8 8v56h56c4.25 0 8 3.75 8 8zM288 208c0-61.75-50.25-112-112-112s-112 50.25-112 112 50.25 112 112 112 112-50.25 112-112zM416 416c0 17.75-14.25 32-32 32-8.5 0-16.75-3.5-22.5-9.5l-85.75-85.5c-29.25 20.25-64.25 31-99.75 31-97.25 0-176-78.75-176-176s78.75-176 176-176 176 78.75 176 176c0 35.5-10.75 70.5-31 99.75l85.75 85.75c5.75 5.75 9.25 14 9.25 22.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Increase Text</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-resize-font pojo-a11y-btn-resize-minus" data-action="resize-minus" data-action-group="resize" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Decrease Text</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 200v16c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8h-144c-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8v-16c0-4.25 3.75-8 8-8h144c4.25 0 8 3.75 8 8zM288 208c0-61.75-50.25-112-112-112s-112 50.25-112 112 50.25 112 112 112 112-50.25 112-112zM416 416c0 17.75-14.25 32-32 32-8.5 0-16.75-3.5-22.5-9.5l-85.75-85.5c-29.25 20.25-64.25 31-99.75 31-97.25 0-176-78.75-176-176s78.75-176 176-176 176 78.75 176 176c0 35.5-10.75 70.5-31 99.75l85.75 85.75c5.75 5.75 9.25 14 9.25 22.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Decrease Text</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-grayscale" data-action="grayscale" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Grayscale</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.75 384h-15.75v-352h15.75v352zM31.5 383.75h-8v-351.75h8v351.75zM55 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM94.25 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM133.5 383.75h-15.5v-351.75h15.5v351.75zM165 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM180.75 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM196.5 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM235.75 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM275 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM306.5 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM338 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM361.5 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM408.75 383.75h-23.5v-351.75h23.5v351.75zM424.5 383.75h-8v-351.75h8v351.75zM448 384h-15.75v-352h15.75v352z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Grayscale</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-high-contrast" data-action="high-contrast" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>High Contrast</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M192 360v-272c-75 0-136 61-136 136s61 136 136 136zM384 224c0 106-86 192-192 192s-192-86-192-192 86-192 192-192 192 86 192 192z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">High Contrast</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-negative-contrast" data-action="negative-contrast" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Negative Contrast</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M416 240c-23.75-36.75-56.25-68.25-95.25-88.25 10 17 15.25 36.5 15.25 56.25 0 61.75-50.25 112-112 112s-112-50.25-112-112c0-19.75 5.25-39.25 15.25-56.25-39 20-71.5 51.5-95.25 88.25 42.75 66 111.75 112 192 112s149.25-46 192-112zM236 144c0-6.5-5.5-12-12-12-41.75 0-76 34.25-76 76 0 6.5 5.5 12 12 12s12-5.5 12-12c0-28.5 23.5-52 52-52 6.5 0 12-5.5 12-12zM448 240c0 6.25-2 12-5 17.25-46 75.75-130.25 126.75-219 126.75s-173-51.25-219-126.75c-3-5.25-5-11-5-17.25s2-12 5-17.25c46-75.5 130.25-126.75 219-126.75s173 51.25 219 126.75c3 5.25 5 11 5 17.25z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Negative Contrast</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-light-background" data-action="light-background" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Light Background</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M184 144c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8s-8-3.75-8-8c0-17.25-26.75-24-40-24-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8s3.75-8 8-8c23.25 0 56 12.25 56 40zM224 144c0-50-50.75-80-96-80s-96 30-96 80c0 16 6.5 32.75 17 45 4.75 5.5 10.25 10.75 15.25 16.5 17.75 21.25 32.75 46.25 35.25 74.5h57c2.5-28.25 17.5-53.25 35.25-74.5 5-5.75 10.5-11 15.25-16.5 10.5-12.25 17-29 17-45zM256 144c0 25.75-8.5 48-25.75 67s-40 45.75-42 72.5c7.25 4.25 11.75 12.25 11.75 20.5 0 6-2.25 11.75-6.25 16 4 4.25 6.25 10 6.25 16 0 8.25-4.25 15.75-11.25 20.25 2 3.5 3.25 7.75 3.25 11.75 0 16.25-12.75 24-27.25 24-6.5 14.5-21 24-36.75 24s-30.25-9.5-36.75-24c-14.5 0-27.25-7.75-27.25-24 0-4 1.25-8.25 3.25-11.75-7-4.5-11.25-12-11.25-20.25 0-6 2.25-11.75 6.25-16-4-4.25-6.25-10-6.25-16 0-8.25 4.5-16.25 11.75-20.5-2-26.75-24.75-53.5-42-72.5s-25.75-41.25-25.75-67c0-68 64.75-112 128-112s128 44 128 112z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Light Background</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-links-underline" data-action="links-underline" data-action-group="toggle" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Links Underline</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M364 304c0-6.5-2.5-12.5-7-17l-52-52c-4.5-4.5-10.75-7-17-7-7.25 0-13 2.75-18 8 8.25 8.25 18 15.25 18 28 0 13.25-10.75 24-24 24-12.75 0-19.75-9.75-28-18-5.25 5-8.25 10.75-8.25 18.25 0 6.25 2.5 12.5 7 17l51.5 51.75c4.5 4.5 10.75 6.75 17 6.75s12.5-2.25 17-6.5l36.75-36.5c4.5-4.5 7-10.5 7-16.75zM188.25 127.75c0-6.25-2.5-12.5-7-17l-51.5-51.75c-4.5-4.5-10.75-7-17-7s-12.5 2.5-17 6.75l-36.75 36.5c-4.5 4.5-7 10.5-7 16.75 0 6.5 2.5 12.5 7 17l52 52c4.5 4.5 10.75 6.75 17 6.75 7.25 0 13-2.5 18-7.75-8.25-8.25-18-15.25-18-28 0-13.25 10.75-24 24-24 12.75 0 19.75 9.75 28 18 5.25-5 8.25-10.75 8.25-18.25zM412 304c0 19-7.75 37.5-21.25 50.75l-36.75 36.5c-13.5 13.5-31.75 20.75-50.75 20.75-19.25 0-37.5-7.5-51-21.25l-51.5-51.75c-13.5-13.5-20.75-31.75-20.75-50.75 0-19.75 8-38.5 22-52.25l-22-22c-13.75 14-32.25 22-52 22-19 0-37.5-7.5-51-21l-52-52c-13.75-13.75-21-31.75-21-51 0-19 7.75-37.5 21.25-50.75l36.75-36.5c13.5-13.5 31.75-20.75 50.75-20.75 19.25 0 37.5 7.5 51 21.25l51.5 51.75c13.5 13.5 20.75 31.75 20.75 50.75 0 19.75-8 38.5-22 52.25l22 22c13.75-14 32.25-22 52-22 19 0 37.5 7.5 51 21l52 52c13.75 13.75 21 31.75 21 51z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Links Underline</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-readable-font" data-action="readable-font" data-action-group="toggle" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Readable Font</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M181.25 139.75l-42.5 112.5c24.75 0.25 49.5 1 74.25 1 4.75 0 9.5-0.25 14.25-0.5-13-38-28.25-76.75-46-113zM0 416l0.5-19.75c23.5-7.25 49-2.25 59.5-29.25l59.25-154 70-181h32c1 1.75 2 3.5 2.75 5.25l51.25 120c18.75 44.25 36 89 55 133 11.25 26 20 52.75 32.5 78.25 1.75 4 5.25 11.5 8.75 14.25 8.25 6.5 31.25 8 43 12.5 0.75 4.75 1.5 9.5 1.5 14.25 0 2.25-0.25 4.25-0.25 6.5-31.75 0-63.5-4-95.25-4-32.75 0-65.5 2.75-98.25 3.75 0-6.5 0.25-13 1-19.5l32.75-7c6.75-1.5 20-3.25 20-12.5 0-9-32.25-83.25-36.25-93.5l-112.5-0.5c-6.5 14.5-31.75 80-31.75 89.5 0 19.25 36.75 20 51 22 0.25 4.75 0.25 9.5 0.25 14.5 0 2.25-0.25 4.5-0.5 6.75-29 0-58.25-5-87.25-5-3.5 0-8.5 1.5-12 2-15.75 2.75-31.25 3.5-47 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Readable Font</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-reset" data-action="reset" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Reset</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M384 224c0 105.75-86.25 192-192 192-57.25 0-111.25-25.25-147.75-69.25-2.5-3.25-2.25-8 0.5-10.75l34.25-34.5c1.75-1.5 4-2.25 6.25-2.25 2.25 0.25 4.5 1.25 5.75 3 24.5 31.75 61.25 49.75 101 49.75 70.5 0 128-57.5 128-128s-57.5-128-128-128c-32.75 0-63.75 12.5-87 34.25l34.25 34.5c4.75 4.5 6 11.5 3.5 17.25-2.5 6-8.25 10-14.75 10h-112c-8.75 0-16-7.25-16-16v-112c0-6.5 4-12.25 10-14.75 5.75-2.5 12.75-1.25 17.25 3.5l32.5 32.25c35.25-33.25 83-53 132.25-53 105.75 0 192 86.25 192 192z"></path></svg></span> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Reset</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </body> </html>