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shop</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: 7 eleven shop"> <meta name="keywords" content="7 eleven shop"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="7 eleven shop"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 407</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: 7 eleven shop</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment: The Design of a High Performance Building Envelope and the Impact on Operational and Embodied Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Wall">Stephanie Wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guido%20Wimmers"> Guido Wimmers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction and operation of buildings greatly contribute to environmental degradation through resource and energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The design of the envelope system affects the environmental impact of a building in two major ways; 1) high thermal performance and air tightness can significantly reduce the operational energy of the building and 2) the material selection for the envelope largely impacts the embodied energy of the building. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a scientific methodology that is used to systematically analyze the environmental load of processes or products, such as buildings, over their life. The paper will discuss the results of a comparative LCA of different envelope designs and the long-term monitoring of the Wood Innovation Research Lab (WIRL); a Passive House (PH), industrial building under construction in Prince George, Canada. The WIRL has a footprint of 30m x 30m on a concrete raft slab foundation and consists of shop space as well as a portion of the building that includes a two-story office/classroom space. The lab building goes beyond what was previously thought possible in regards to energy efficiency of industrial buildings in cold climates due to their large volume to surface ratio, small floor area, and high air change rate, and will be the first PH certified industrial building in Canada. These challenges were mitigated through the envelope design which utilizes solar gains while minimizing overheating, reduces thermal bridges with thick (570mm) prefabricated truss walls filled with blown in mineral wool insulation and a concrete slab and roof insulated with EPS rigid insulation. The envelope design results in lower operational and embodied energy when compared to buildings built to local codes or with steel. The LCA conducted using Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings identifies project specific hot spots as well illustrates that for high-efficiency buildings where the operational energy is relatively low; the embodied energy of the material selection becomes a significant design decision as it greatly impacts the overall environmental footprint of the building. The results of the LCA will be reinforced by long-term monitoring of the buildings envelope performance through the installation of temperature and humidity sensors throughout the floor slab, wall and roof panels and through detailed metering of the energy consumption. The data collected from the sensors will also be used to reinforce the results of hygrothermal analysis using WUFI®, a program used to verify the durability of the wall and roof panels. The WIRL provides an opportunity to showcase the use of wood in a high performance envelope of an industrial building and to emphasize the importance of considering the embodied energy of a material in the early stages of design. The results of the LCA will be of interest to leading researchers and scientists committed to finding sustainable solutions for new construction and high-performance buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20performance%20envelope" title="high performance envelope">high performance envelope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20term%20monitoring" title=" long term monitoring"> long term monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20house" title=" passive house"> passive house</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prefabricated%20panels" title=" prefabricated panels"> prefabricated panels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80247/a-comparative-life-cycle-assessment-the-design-of-a-high-performance-building-envelope-and-the-impact-on-operational-and-embodied-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> The Administration of Infection Diseases During the Pandemic COVID-19 and the Role of the Differential Diagnosis with Biomarkers VB10</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Papadimitriou">Sofia Papadimitriou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> INTRODUCTION: The differential diagnosis between acute viral and bacterial infections is an important cost-effectiveness parameter at the stage of the treatment process in order to achieve the maximum benefits in therapeutic intervention by combining the minimum cost to ensure the proper use of antibiotics.The discovery of sensitive and robust molecular diagnostic tests in response to the role of the host in infections has enhanced the accurate diagnosis and differentiation of infections. METHOD: The study used a sample of six independent blood samples (total=756) which are associated with human proteins-proteins, each of which at the transcription stage expresses a different response in the host network between viral and bacterial infections.Τhe individual blood samples are subjected to a sequence of computer filters that identify a gene panel corresponding to an autonomous diagnostic score. The data set and the correspondence of the gene panel to the diagnostic patents a new Bangalore -Viral Bacterial (BL-VB). FINDING: We use a biomarker based on the blood of 10 genes(Panel-VB) that are an important prognostic value for the detection of viruses from bacterial infections with a weighted average AUROC of 0.97(95% CL:0.96-0.99) in eleven independent samples (sets n=898). We discovered a base with a patient score (VB 10 ) according to the table, which is a significant diagnostic value with a weighted average of AUROC 0.94(95% CL: 0.91-0.98) in 2996 patient samples from 56 public sets of data from 19 different countries. We also studied VB 10 in a new cohort of South India (BL-VB,n=56) and found 97% accuracy in confirmed cases of viral and bacterial infections. We found that VB 10 (a)accurately identifies the type of infection even in unspecified cases negative to the culture (b) shows its clinical condition recovery and (c) applies to all age groups, covering a wide range of acute bacterial and viral infectious, including non-specific pathogens. We applied our VB 10 rating to publicly available COVID 19 data and found that our rating diagnosed viral infection in patient samples. RESULTS: Τhe results of the study showed the diagnostic power of the biomarker VB 10 as a diagnostic test for the accurate diagnosis of acute infections in recovery conditions. We look forward to helping you make clinical decisions about prescribing antibiotics and integrating them into your policies management of antibiotic stewardship efforts. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we are developing a new property of the RNA-based biomarker and a new blood test to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections to assist a physician in designing the optimal treatment regimen to contribute to the proper use of antibiotics and reduce the burden on antimicrobial resistance, AMR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20infections" title="acute infections">acute infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20resistance" title=" antimicrobial resistance"> antimicrobial resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarker" title=" biomarker"> biomarker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20transcriptome" title=" blood transcriptome"> blood transcriptome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systems%20biology" title=" systems biology"> systems biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classifier%20diagnostic%20score" title=" classifier diagnostic score"> classifier diagnostic score</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149199/the-administration-of-infection-diseases-during-the-pandemic-covid-19-and-the-role-of-the-differential-diagnosis-with-biomarkers-vb10" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Progressing Institutional Quality Assurance and Accreditation of Higher Education Programmes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominique%20Parrish">Dominique Parrish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, higher education institutions are responsible for the quality assurance and accreditation of their educational programmes (Courses). The primary purpose of these activities is to ensure that the educational standards of the governing higher education authority are met and the quality of the education provided to students is assured. Despite policies and frameworks being established in many countries, to improve the veracity and accountability of quality assurance and accreditation processes, there are reportedly still mistakes, gaps and deficiencies in these processes. An analysis of Australian universities’ quality assurance and accreditation processes noted that significant improvements were needed in managing these processes and ensuring that review recommendations were implemented. It has also been suggested that the following principles are critical for higher education quality assurance and accreditation to be effective and sustainable: academic standards and performance outcomes must be defined, attainable and monitored; those involved in providing the higher education must assume responsibility for the associated quality assurance and accreditation; potential academic risks must be identified and management solutions developed; and the expectations of the public, governments and students should be considered and incorporated into Course enhancements. This phenomenological study, which was conducted in a Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health in an Australian university, sought to systematically and iteratively develop an effective quality assurance and accreditation process that integrated the evidence-based principles of success and promoted meaningful and sustainable change. Qualitative evaluative feedback was gathered, over a period of eleven months (January - November 2014), from faculty staff engaged in the quality assurance and accreditation of forty-eight undergraduate and postgraduate Courses. Reflexive analysis was used to analyse the data and inform ongoing modifications and developments to the assurance and accreditation process as well as the associated supporting resources. The study resulted in the development of a formal quality assurance and accreditation process together with a suite of targeted resources that were identified as critical for success. The research findings also provided some insights into the institutional enablers that were antecedents to successful quality assurance and accreditation processes as well as meaningful change in the educational practices of academics. While longitudinal data will be collected to further assess the value of the assurance and accreditation process on educational quality, early indicators are that there has been a change in the pedagogical perspectives and activities of academic staff and growing momentum to explore opportunities to further enhance and develop Courses. This presentation will explain the formal quality assurance and accreditation process as well as the component parts, which resulted from this study. The targeted resources that were developed will be described, the pertinent factors that contributed to the success of the process will be discussed and early indicators of sustainable academic change as well as suggestions for future research will be outlined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20standards" title="academic standards">academic standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20assurance%20and%20accreditation" title=" quality assurance and accreditation"> quality assurance and accreditation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenomenological%20study" title=" phenomenological study"> phenomenological study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process" title=" process"> process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resources" title=" resources"> resources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29235/progressing-institutional-quality-assurance-and-accreditation-of-higher-education-programmes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Trauma Scores and Outcome Prediction After Chest Trauma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abo%20El%20Nasr">Mohamed Abo El Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Shoeib"> Mohamed Shoeib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhamid%20Abdelkhalik"> Abdelhamid Abdelkhalik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amro%20Serag"> Amro Serag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Early assessment of severity of chest trauma, either blunt or penetrating is of critical importance in prediction of patient outcome. Different trauma scoring systems are widely available and are based on anatomical or physiological parameters to expect patient morbidity or mortality. Up till now, there is no ideal, universally accepted trauma score that could be applied in all trauma centers and is suitable for assessment of severity of chest trauma patients. Aim: Our aim was to compare various trauma scoring systems regarding their predictability of morbidity and mortality in chest trauma patients. Patients and Methods: This study was a prospective study including 400 patients with chest trauma who were managed at Tanta University Emergency Hospital, Egypt during a period of 2 years (March 2014 until March 2016). The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the mode of trauma: blunt or penetrating. The collected data included age, sex, hemodynamic status on admission, intrathoracic injuries, and associated extra-thoracic injuries. The patients outcome including mortality, need of thoracotomy, need for ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome were also recorded. The relevant data were used to calculate the following trauma scores: 1. Anatomical scores including abbreviated injury scale (AIS), Injury severity score (ISS), New injury severity score (NISS) and Chest wall injury scale (CWIS). 2. Physiological scores including revised trauma score (RTS), Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score. 3. Combined score including Trauma and injury severity score (TRISS ) and 4. Chest-Specific score Thoracic trauma severity score (TTSS). All these scores were analyzed statistically to detect their sensitivity, specificity and compared regarding their predictive power of mortality and morbidity in blunt and penetrating chest trauma patients. Results: The incidence of mortality was 3.75% (15/400). Eleven patients (11/230) died in blunt chest trauma group, while (4/170) patients died in penetrating trauma group. The mortality rate increased more than three folds to reach 13% (13/100) in patients with severe chest trauma (ISS of >16). The physiological scores APACHE II and RTS had the highest predictive value for mortality in both blunt and penetrating chest injuries. The physiological score APACHE II followed by the combined score TRISS were more predictive for intensive care admission in penetrating injuries while RTS was more predictive in blunt trauma. Also, RTS had a higher predictive value for expectation of need for mechanical ventilation followed by the combined score TRISS. APACHE II score was more predictive for the need of thoracotomy in penetrating injuries and the Chest-Specific score TTSS was higher in blunt injuries. The anatomical score ISS and TTSS score were more predictive for prolonged hospital stay in penetrating and blunt injuries respectively. Conclusion: Trauma scores including physiological parameters have a higher predictive power for mortality in both blunt and penetrating chest trauma. They are more suitable for assessment of injury severity and prediction of patients outcome. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chest%20trauma" title="chest trauma">chest trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma%20scores" title=" trauma scores"> trauma scores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blunt%20injuries" title=" blunt injuries"> blunt injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penetrating%20injuries" title=" penetrating injuries"> penetrating injuries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56701/trauma-scores-and-outcome-prediction-after-chest-trauma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Prevalence of Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Dromedary Camel (Camelus Dromedarius) for Some Selected Farms in Benadir Region, Somalia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdirahman%20Barre">Abdirahman Barre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdihamid%20Salad%20Hassan"> Abdihamid Salad Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iftin%20Abdi%20Mohamud"> Iftin Abdi Mohamud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdirahman%20Mohamed%20Mohamud"> Abdirahman Mohamed Mohamud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Adan%20Mohamed"> Ahmed Adan Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukhtaar%20Mohamed%20Idow"> Mukhtaar Mohamed Idow</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pasteurellosis (Hemorrhagic septicemia) is a common respiratory disease of camel that is an acutely fatal disease caused by Pasteurella multocida type A or several serotypes of Mannheimia hemolytic, which also affect other animals. The disease had shown to spread between animals, across herds and to humans. Meaning that the disease is Zoonosis. The study aimed at establishment of sero-prevalence of Pasteurellosis in some selected Districts of camel rearing in the Benadir Region. It was a cross-sectional study, where the study population was purposively chosen to consist of animals taken within three sub-Districts of Benadir Region, namely Sub-District (Daynile Township), Sub-District (Yaaqshid) Sub-District (kaxda). This was because they normally handle many camels in a day, thus making it easy for the investigator to access the required number conveniently; it was also assumed that data collected from these for-slaughter camels was representative of the situation in the sub-District/county. A total of one hundred and sixty camels were tested using four serological tests: Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT),) and Complex Fixation Test (CFT). The serological tests were purposively chosen to increase the chances of picking positive cases and also to compare their sensitivities with respect to camel serum since they were originally meant for use on bovine serum. Blood samples (15 ml) were collected for serum harvesting from the jugular veins of the animals as they were waiting to be examined. Rose Bengal plate test and CFT were run at a laboratory within the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Horsed, 21 October campus; serum samples having been transported in a cool box. On average, out of an overall total of 300 serum samples tested, 180 samples were selected as sample procedures and were given eleven (11) positive results, amounting to a prevalence of 6.67%. For the three Districts, respective prevalence (averaged from the two (2) serological tests run) were: 7% (3/50) for Yaqshiid; 8% (3/60) for Deyniile and 10% (3/70) for Kaxda. When sensitivities of the two (2) serological tests were compared, there was no significant difference between them with respect to the picking of positive cases (p=0.05). The study has demonstrated presence of Pasterolosis in camels in Benadir Region and the authors are recommending the usage of RBPT and CFT as screening tests, since they are cheap, quick, and easy to carry out. Any of the other three involving tests can then be used if one wants to establish respective titers. Therefore, further detailed investigation needs to be conducted so as to understand specific etiological agents causing pasteurollosis in camel and can be instituted to optimize the benefit obtained from the camel sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemorrhagic%20septicemia" title="hemorrhagic septicemia">hemorrhagic septicemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camel" title=" camel"> camel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benadir%20region" title=" Benadir region"> Benadir region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somalia" title=" Somalia"> Somalia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169490/prevalence-of-hemorrhagic-septicemia-in-dromedary-camel-camelus-dromedarius-for-some-selected-farms-in-benadir-region-somalia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Development of a Culturally Safe Wellbeing Intervention Tool for and with the Inuit in Quebec</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liliana%20Gomez%20Cardona">Liliana Gomez Cardona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Echo%20Parent-Racine"> Echo Parent-Racine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joy%20Outerbridge"> Joy Outerbridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arlene%20Lalibert%C3%A9"> Arlene Laliberté</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Outi%20Linnaranta"> Outi Linnaranta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Suicide rates among Inuit in Nunavik are six to eleven times larger than the Canadian average. The colonization, religious missions, residential schools as well as economic and political marginalization are factors that have challenged the well-being and mental health of these populations. In psychiatry, screening for mental illness is often done using questionnaires with which the patient is expected to respond how often he/she has certain symptoms. However, the Indigenous view of mental wellbeing may not fit well with this approach. Moreover, biomedical treatments do not always meet the needs of Indigenous peoples because they do not understand the culture and traditional healing methods that persist in many communities. Assess whether the questionnaires used to measure symptoms, commonly used in psychiatry are appropriate and culturally safe for the Inuit in Quebec. Identify the most appropriate tool to assess and promote wellbeing and follow the process necessary to improve its cultural sensitivity and safety for the Inuit population. Qualitative, collaborative, and participatory action research project which respects First Nations and Inuit protocols and the principles of ownership, control, access, and possession (OCAP). Data collection based on five focus groups with stakeholders working with these populations and members of Indigenous communities. Thematic analysis of the data collected and emerging through an advisory group that led a revision of the content, use, and cultural and conceptual relevance of the instruments. The questionnaires measuring psychiatric symptoms face significant limitations in the local indigenous context. We present the factors that make these tools not relevant among Inuit. Although the scale called Growth and Empowerment Measure (GEM) was originally developed among Indigenous in Australia, the Inuit in Quebec found that this tool comprehends critical aspects of their mental health and wellbeing more respectfully and accurately than questionnaires focused on measuring symptoms. We document the process of cultural adaptation of this tool which was supported by community members to create a culturally safe tool that helps in resilience and empowerment. The cultural adaptation of the GEM provides valuable information about the factors affecting wellbeing and contributes to mental health promotion. This process improves mental health services by giving health care providers useful information about the Inuit population and their clients. We believe that integrating this tool in interventions can help create a bridge to improve communication between the Indigenous cultural perspective of the patient and the biomedical view of health care providers. Further work is needed to confirm the clinical utility of this tool in psychological and psychiatric intervention along with social and community services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20adaptation" title="cultural adaptation">cultural adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20safety" title=" cultural safety"> cultural safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empowerment" title=" empowerment"> empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inuit" title=" Inuit"> Inuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nunavik" title=" Nunavik"> Nunavik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resiliency" title=" resiliency"> resiliency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155861/development-of-a-culturally-safe-wellbeing-intervention-tool-for-and-with-the-inuit-in-quebec" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Distribution and Diversity of Pyrenocarpous Lichens in India with Special Reference to Forest Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Kumar%20Mishra">Gaurav Kumar Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeeva%20Nayaka"> Sanjeeva Nayaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalip%20Kumar%20Upreti"> Dalip Kumar Upreti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our nature exhibited presence of a number of unique plants which can be used as indicator of environmental condition of particular place. Lichens are unique plant which has an ability to absorb not only organic, inorganic and metaloties but also absorb radioactive nuclide substances present in the environment. In the present study pyrenocarpous lichens will used as indicator of good forest health in a particular place. The Pyrenocarpous lichens are simple crust forming with black dot like perithecia have few characters for their taxonomical segregation as compared to their foliose and fruticose brethrean. The thallus colour and nature, presence and absence of hypothallus are only few characters of thallus are used to segregate the pyrenocarpous taxa. The fruiting bodies of pyrenolichens i.e. ascocarps are perithecia. The perithecia and the contents found within them posses many important criteria for the segregation of pyrenocarpous lichen taxa. The ascocarp morphology, ascocarp arrangement, the perithecial wall, ascocarp shape and colour, ostiole shape and position, ostiole colour, ascocarp anatomy including type of paraphyses, asci shape and size, ascospores septation, ascospores wall and periphyses are the valuable charcters used for segregation of different pyrenocarpous lichen taxa. India is represented by the occurrence of the 350 species of 44 genera and eleven families. Among the different genera Pyrenula is dominant with 82 species followed by the Porina with 70 species. Recently, systematic of the pyrenocarpous lichens have been revised by American and European lichenologists using phylogenetic methods. Still the taxonomy of pyrenocarpous lichens is in flux and information generated after the completion of this study will play vital role in settlement of the taxonomy of this peculiar group of lichens worldwide. The Indian Himalayan region exhibit rich diversity of pyrenocarpous lichens in India. The western Himalayan region has luxuriance of pyrenocarpous lichens due to its unique topography and climate condition. However, the eastern Himalayan region has rich diversity of pyrenocarpous lichens due to its warmer and moist climate condition. The rich moist and warmer climate in eastern Himalayan region supports forest with dominance of evergreen tree vegetation. The pyrenocarpous lichens communities are good indicator of young and regenerated forest type. The rich diversity of lichens clearly indicates that moist of the forest within the eastern Himalayan region has good health of forest. Due to fast pace of urbanization and other developmental activities will defiantly have adverse effects on the diversity and distribution of pyrenocarpous lichens in different forest type and the present distribution pattern will act as baseline data for carried out future biomonitoring studies in the area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lichen%20diversity" title="lichen diversity">lichen diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicator%20species" title=" indicator species"> indicator species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20factors" title=" environmental factors"> environmental factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrenocarpous" title=" pyrenocarpous"> pyrenocarpous</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104570/distribution-and-diversity-of-pyrenocarpous-lichens-in-india-with-special-reference-to-forest-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Socio-Psychological Significance of Vandalism in the Urban Environment: Destruction, Modernization, Communication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Kruzhkova">Olga Kruzhkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Vorobyeva"> Irina Vorobyeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Porozov"> Roman Porozov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vandalism is a common phenomenon, but its definition is still not clearly defined. In the public sense, vandalism is the blatant cases of pogroms in cemeteries, destruction of public places (regardless of whether these actions are authorized), damage to significant objects of culture and history (monuments, religious buildings). From a legal point of view, only such an act can be called vandalism, which is aimed at 'desecrating buildings or other structures, damaging property on public transport or in other public places'. The key here is the notion of public property that is being damaged. In addition, the principal is the semantics of messages, expressed in a kind of sign system (drawing, inscription, symbol), which initially threatens public order, the calmness of citizens, public morality. Because of this, the legal qualification of vandalism doesn’t include a sufficiently wide layer of environmental destructions that are common in modern urban space (graffiti and other damage to private property, broken shop windows, damage to entrances and elevator cabins), which in ordinary consciousness are seen as obvious facts of vandalism. At the same time, the understanding of vandalism from the position of psychology implies an appeal to the question of the limits of the activity of the subject of vandalism and his motivational basis. Also recently, the discourse on the positive meaning of some forms of vandalism (graffiti, street-art, etc.) has been activated. But there is no discussion of the role and significance of vandalism in public and individual life, although, like any socio-cultural and socio-psychological phenomenon, vandalism is not groundless and meaningless. Our aim of the study was to identify and describe the functions of vandalism as a socio-cultural and socio-psychological phenomenon of the life of the urban community, as well as personal determinants of its manifestations. The study was conducted in the spatial environment of the Russian megalopolis (Ekaterinburg) by photographing visual results of vandal acts (6217 photos) with subsequent trace-assessment and image content analysis, as well as diagnostics of personal characteristics and motivational basis of vandal activity of possible subjects of vandalism among youth. The results of the study allowed to identify the functions of vandalism at the socio-environmental and individual-subjective levels. The socio-environmental functions of vandalism include the signaling function, the function of preparing of social changes, the constructing function, and the function of managing public moods. The demonstrative-protest function, the response function, the refund function, and the self-expression function are assigned to the individual-subjective functions of vandalism. A two-dimensional model of vandal functions has been formed, where functions are distributed in the spaces 'construction reconstruction', 'emotional regulation/moral regulation'. It is noted that any function of vandal activity at the individual level becomes a kind of marker of 'points of tension' at the social and environmental level. Acknowledgment: The research was supported financially by Russian Science Foundation, (Project No. 17-18-01278). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destruction" title="destruction">destruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20environment" title=" urban environment"> urban environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vandal%20behavior" title=" vandal behavior"> vandal behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vandalism" title=" vandalism"> vandalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vandalism%20functions" title=" vandalism functions"> vandalism functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109450/socio-psychological-significance-of-vandalism-in-the-urban-environment-destruction-modernization-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Evaluation of Housing Quality in the Urban Fringes of Ibadan, Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amao%20Funmilayo%20Lanrewaju">Amao Funmilayo Lanrewaju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study examined the socio-economic characteristics of the residents in selected urban fringes of Ibadan; identified and examined the housing and neighbourhood characteristics and evaluated housing quality in the study area. It analysed the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the residents, housing and neighbourhood characteristics as well as housing quality in the study area. This was with a view to providing information that would enhance the housing quality in urban fringes of Ibadan. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. A survey of eleven purposively selected communities from Oluyole and Egbeda local government areas in the urban fringes was conducted through a questionnaire administration and expert rating by five independent assessors (Qualified Architects) using penalty scoring within similar time-frames. The study employed a random sampling method to select a sample size of 480 houses representing 5% of the sampling frame of 9600 houses. Respondent in the first house was selected randomly and subsequently every 20th house in the streets involved was systematically selected for questionnaire administration, usually a household-head per building. The structured questionnaire elicited information on socio-economic characteristics of the residents, housing and neighbourhood characteristics, factors affecting housing quality and housing quality in the study area. Secondary data obtained for the study included the land-use plan of Ibadan from previous publications, housing demographics, population figures from relevant institutions and other published materials. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency distribution, Cross tabulation, Correlation Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Relative Importance Index (RII). The result of the survey revealed that respondents from the Yoruba ethnic group constituted the majority, comprising 439 (91.5%) of the 480 respondents from the two local government areas selected. It also revealed that the type of tenure status of majority of the respondents in the two local government areas was self-ownership (234, 48.8%), while 44.0% of the respondents acquired their houses through personal savings. Cross tabulation indicated that majority (67.1%, 322 out of 480) of the respondents were low-income earners. The study showed that both housing and neighbourhood services were not adequately provided across neighbourhoods in the study area. Correlation analysis indicated a significant relationship between respondents’ socio–economic status and their general housing quality (r=0.46; p-value of 0.01< 0.05). The ANOVA indicated that the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of the residents, housing and neighbourhood characteristics in the study area was significant (F=18.289, p=0.00; the coefficient of determination R2= 0.192). The findings from the study however revealed that there was no significant difference in the results obtained from users based evaluation and expert rating. The study concluded that housing quality in the urban fringes of Ibadan is generally poor and the socio-economic status of the residents significantly influenced the housing quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20quality" title="housing quality">housing quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20fringes" title=" urban fringes"> urban fringes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20status" title=" economic status"> economic status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty "> poverty </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26291/evaluation-of-housing-quality-in-the-urban-fringes-of-ibadan-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> The Effect of Photochemical Smog on Respiratory Health Patients in Abuja Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christabel%20Ihedike">Christabel Ihedike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Mooney"> John Mooney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20Price"> Monica Price</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Summary: This study aims to critically evaluate effect of photochemical smog on respiratory health in Nigeria. Cohort of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients was recruited from two large hospitals in Abuja Nigeria. Respiratory health questionnaires, daily diaries, dyspnoea scale and lung function measurement were used to obtain health data and investigate the relationship with air quality data (principally ozone, NOx and particulate pollution). Concentrations of air pollutants were higher than WHO and Nigerian air quality standard. The result suggests a correlation between measured air quality and exacerbation of respiratory illness. Introduction: Photochemical smog is a significant health challenge in most cities and its effect on respiratory health is well acknowledged. This type of pollution is most harmful to the elderly, children and those with underlying respiratory disease. This study aims to investigate impact of increasing temperature and photo-chemically generated secondary air pollutants on respiratory health in Abuja Nigeria. Method and Result: Health data was collected using spirometry to measure lung function on routine attendance at the clinic, daily diaries kept by patients and information obtained using respiratory questionnaire. Questionnaire responses (obtained using an adapted and internally validated version of St George’s Hospital Respiratory Questionnaire), shows that ‘time of wheeze’ showed an association with participants activities: 30% had worse wheeze in the morning: 10% cannot shop, 15% take long-time to get washed, 25% walk slower, 15% if hurry have to stop and 5% cannot take-bath. There was also a decrease in Forced expiratory volume in the first second and Forced Vital Capacity, and daily change in the afternoon–morning may be associated with the concentration level of pollutants. Also, dyspnoea symptoms recorded that 60% of patients were on grade 3, 25% grade 2 and 15% grade 1. Daily frequency of the number of patients in the cohort that cough /brought sputum is 78%. Air pollution in the city is higher than Nigerian and WHO standards with NOx and PM10 concentrations of 693.59ug/m-3 and 748ugm-3 being measured respectively. The result shows that air pollution may increase occurrence and exacerbation of respiratory disease. Conclusion: High temperature and local climatic conditions in urban Nigeria encourages formation of Ozone, the major constituent of photochemical smog, resulting also in the formation of secondary air pollutants associated with health challenges. In this study we confirm the likely potency of the pattern of secondary air pollution in exacerbating COPD symptoms in vulnerable patient group in urban Nigeria. There is need for better regulation and measures to reduce ozone, particularly when local climatic conditions favour development of photochemical smog in such settings. Climate change and likely increasing temperatures add impetus and urgency for better air quality standards and measures (traffic-restrictions and emissions standards) in developing world settings such as Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abuja-Nigeria" title="Abuja-Nigeria">Abuja-Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect" title=" effect"> effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photochemical%20smog" title=" photochemical smog"> photochemical smog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20health" title=" respiratory health"> respiratory health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79271/the-effect-of-photochemical-smog-on-respiratory-health-patients-in-abuja-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Good Governance Complementary to Corruption Abatement: A Cross-Country Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Ray">Kamal Ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tapati%20Bhattacharya"> Tapati Bhattacharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Private use of public office for private gain could be a tentative definition of corruption and most distasteful event of corruption is that it is not there, nor that it is pervasive, but it is socially acknowledged in the global economy, especially in the developing nations. We attempted to assess the interrelationship between the Corruption perception index (CPI) and the principal components of governance indicators as per World Bank like Control of Corruption (CC), rule of law (RL), regulatory quality (RQ) and government effectiveness (GE). Our empirical investigation concentrates upon the degree of reflection of governance indicators upon the CPI in order to single out the most powerful corruption-generating indicator in the selected countries. We have collected time series data on above governance indicators such as CC, RL, RQ and GE of the selected eleven countries from the year of 1996 to 2012 from World Bank data set. The countries are USA, UK, France, Germany, Greece, China, India, Japan, Thailand, Brazil, and South Africa. Corruption Perception Index (CPI) of the countries mentioned above for the period of 1996 to 2012is also collected. Graphical method of simple line diagram against the time series data on CPI is applied for quick view for the relative positions of different trend lines of different nations. The correlation coefficient is enough to assess primarily the degree and direction of association between the variables as we get the numerical data on governance indicators of the selected countries. The tool of Granger Causality Test (1969) is taken into account for investigating causal relationships between the variables, cause and effect to speak of. We do not need to verify stationary test as length of time series is short. Linear regression is taken as a tool for quantification of a change in explained variables due to change in explanatory variable in respect of governance vis a vis corruption. A bilateral positive causal link between CPI and CC is noticed in UK, index-value of CC increases by 1.59 units as CPI increases by one unit and CPI rises by 0.39 units as CC rises by one unit, and hence it has a multiplier effect so far as reduction in corruption is concerned in UK. GE causes strongly to the reduction of corruption in UK. In France, RQ is observed to be a most powerful indicator in reducing corruption whereas it is second most powerful indicator after GE in reducing of corruption in Japan. Governance-indicator like GE plays an important role to push down the corruption in Japan. In China and India, GE is proactive as well as influencing indicator to curb corruption. The inverse relationship between RL and CPI in Thailand indicates that ongoing machineries related to RL is not complementary to the reduction of corruption. The state machineries of CC in S. Africa are highly relevant to reduce the volume of corruption. In Greece, the variations of CPI positively influence the variations of CC and the indicator like GE is effective in controlling corruption as reflected by CPI. All the governance-indicators selected so far have failed to arrest their state level corruptions in USA, Germany and Brazil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption%20perception%20index" title="corruption perception index">corruption perception index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance%20indicators" title=" governance indicators"> governance indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granger%20causality%20test" title=" granger causality test"> granger causality test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29011/good-governance-complementary-to-corruption-abatement-a-cross-country-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Status of Vocational Education and Training in India: Policies and Practices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vineeta%20Sirohi">Vineeta Sirohi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of critical skills and competencies becomes imperative for young people to cope with the unpredicted challenges of the time and prepare for work and life. Recognizing that education has a critical role in reaching sustainability goals as emphasized by 2030 agenda for sustainability development, educating youth in global competence, meta-cognitive competencies, and skills from the initial stages of formal education are vital. Further, educating for global competence would help in developing work readiness and boost employability. Vocational education and training in India as envisaged in various policy documents remain marginalized in practice as compared to general education. The country is still far away from the national policy goal of tracking 25% of the secondary students at grade eleven and twelve under the vocational stream. In recent years, the importance of skill development has been recognized in the present context of globalization and change in the demographic structure of the Indian population. As a result, it has become a national policy priority and taken up with renewed focus by the government, which has set the target of skilling 500 million people by 2022. This paper provides an overview of the policies, practices, and current status of vocational education and training in India supported by statistics from the National Sample Survey, the official statistics of India. The national policy documents and annual reports of the organizations actively involved in vocational education and training have also been examined to capture relevant data and information. It has also highlighted major initiatives taken by the government to promote skill development. The data indicates that in the age group 15-59 years, only 2.2 percent reported having received formal vocational training, and 8.6 percent have received non-formal vocational training, whereas 88.3 percent did not receive any vocational training. At present, the coverage of vocational education is abysmal as less than 5 percent of the students are covered by the vocational education programme. Besides, launching various schemes to address the mismatch of skills supply and demand, the government through its National Policy on Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015 proposes to bring about inclusivity by bridging the gender, social and sectoral divide, ensuring that the skilling needs of socially disadvantaged and marginalized groups are appropriately addressed. It is fundamental that the curriculum is aligned with the demands of the labor market, incorporating more of the entrepreneur skills. Creating nonfarm employment opportunities for educated youth will be a challenge for the country in the near future. Hence, there is a need to formulate specific skill development programs for this sector and also programs for upgrading their skills to enhance their employability. There is a need to promote female participation in work and in non-traditional courses. Moreover, rigorous research and development of a robust information base for skills are required to inform policy decisions on vocational education and training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title="policy">policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skill" title=" skill"> skill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocational%20education" title=" vocational education "> vocational education </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112518/status-of-vocational-education-and-training-in-india-policies-and-practices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Teachers' and Learners' Experiences of Learners' Writing in English First Additional Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jane-Francis%20A.%20Abongdia">Jane-Francis A. Abongdia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thandiswa%20Mpiti"> Thandiswa Mpiti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is an international concern to develop children’s literacy skills. In many parts of the world, the need to become ﬂuent in a second language is essential for gaining meaningful access to education, the labour market and broader social functioning. In spite of these efforts, the problem still continues. The level of English language proficiency is far from satisfactory and these goals are unattainable by others. The issue is more complex in South Africa as learners are immersed in a second language (L2) curriculum. South Africa is a prime example of a country facing the dilemma of how to effectively equip a majority of its population with English as a second language or first additional language (FAL). Given the multilingual nature of South Africa with eleven official languages, and the position and power of English, the study investigates teachers’ and learners’ experiences on isiXhosa and Afrikaans background learners’ writing in English First Additional Language (EFAL). Moreover, possible causes of writing difficulties and teacher’s practices for writing are explored. The theoretical and conceptual framework for the study is provided by studies on constructivist theories and sociocultural theories. In exploring these issues, a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis were adopted. This data is analysed by critical discourse analysis (CDA). The study identified a weak correlation between teachers’ beliefs and their actual teaching practices. Although the teachers believe that writing is as important as listening, speaking, reading, grammar and vocabulary, and that it needs regular practice, the data reveal that they fail to put their beliefs into practice. Moreover, the data revealed that learners were disturbed by their home language because when they do not know a word they would write either the isiXhosa or the Afrikaans equivalent. Code-switching seems to have instilled a sense of “dependence on translations” where some learners would not even try to answer English questions but would wait for the teacher to translate the questions into isiXhosa or Afrikaans before they could attempt to give answers. The findings of the study show a marked improvement in the writing performance of learners who used the process approach in writing. These findings demonstrate the need for assisting teachers to shift away from focusing only on learners’ performance (testing and grading) towards a stronger emphasis on the process of writing. The study concludes that the process approach to writing could enable teachers to focus on the various parts of the writing process which can give more freedom to learners to experiment their language proficiency. It would require that teachers develop a deeper understanding of the process/genre approaches to teaching writing advocated by CAPS. All in all, the study shows that both learners and teachers face numerous challenges relating to writing. This means that more work still needs to be done in this area. The present study argues that teachers teaching EFAL learners should approach writing as a critical and core aspect of learners’ education. Learners should be exposed to intensive writing activities throughout their school years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructivism" title="constructivism">constructivism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20second%20language" title=" English second language"> English second language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20of%20learning%20and%20teaching" title=" language of learning and teaching"> language of learning and teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing" title=" writing"> writing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49052/teachers-and-learners-experiences-of-learners-writing-in-english-first-additional-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> The Lived Experience of Pregnant Saudi Women Carrying a Fetus with Structural Abnormalities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasreen%20Abdulmannan">Nasreen Abdulmannan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fetal abnormalities are categorized as a structural abnormality, non-structural abnormality, or a combination of both. Fetal structural abnormalities (FSA) include, but are not limited, to Down syndrome, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and cleft lip and palate. These abnormalities can be detected in the first weeks of pregnancy, which is almost around 9 - 20 weeks gestational. Etiological factors for FSA are unknown; however, transmitted genetic risk can be one of these factors. Consanguineous marriage often referred to as inbreeding, represents a significant risk factor for FSA due to the increased likelihood of deleterious genetic traits shared by both biological parents. In a country such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), consanguineous marriage is high, which creates a significant risk of children being born with congenital abnormalities. Historically, the practice of consanguinity occurred commonly among European royalty. For example, Great Britain’s Queen Victoria married her German first cousin, Prince Albert of Coburg. Although a distant blood relationship, the United Kingdom’s Queen Elizabeth II married her cousin, Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark—both of them direct descendants of Queen Victoria. In Middle Eastern countries, a high incidence of consanguineous unions still exists, including in the KSA. Previous studies indicated that a significant gap exists in understanding the lived experiences of Saudi women dealing with an FSA-complicated pregnancy. Eleven participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview format for this qualitative phenomenological study investigating the lived experiences of pregnant Saudi women carrying a child with FSA. This study explored the gaps in current literature regarding the lived experiences of pregnant Saudi women whose pregnancies were complicated by FSA. In addition, the researcher acquired knowledge about the available support and resources as well as the Saudi cultural perspective on FSA. This research explored the lived experiences of pregnant Saudi women utilizing Giorgi’s (2009) approach to data collection and data management. Findings for this study cover five major themes: (1) initial maternal reaction to the FSA diagnosis per ultrasound screening; (2) strengthening of the maternal relationship with God; (3) maternal concern for their child’s future; (4) feeling supported by their loved ones; and (5) lack of healthcare provider support and guidance. Future research in the KSA is needed to explore the network support for these mothers. This study recommended further clinical nursing research, nursing education, clinical practice, and healthcare policy/procedures to provide opportunities for improvement in nursing care and increase awareness in KSA society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fetal%20structural%20abnormalities" title="fetal structural abnormalities">fetal structural abnormalities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20distress" title=" psychological distress"> psychological distress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20provider" title=" health provider"> health provider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20care" title=" health care"> health care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142415/the-lived-experience-of-pregnant-saudi-women-carrying-a-fetus-with-structural-abnormalities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Nursing Experience in the Intensive Care of a Lung Cancer Patient with Pulmonary Embolism on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huang%20Wei-Yi">Huang Wei-Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: This article explores the intensive care nursing experience of a lung cancer patient with pulmonary embolism who was placed on ECMO. Following a sudden change in the patient’s condition and a consensus reached during a family meeting, the decision was made to withdraw life-sustaining equipment and collaborate with the palliative care team. Methods: The nursing period was from October 20 to October 27, 2023. The author monitored physiological data, observed, provided direct care, conducted interviews, performed physical assessments, and reviewed medical records. Together with the critical care team and bypass personnel, a comprehensive assessment was conducted using Gordon's Eleven Functional Health Patterns to identify the patient’s health issues, which included pain related to lung cancer and invasive devices, fear of death due to sudden deterioration, and altered tissue perfusion related to hemodynamic instability. Results: The patient was admitted with fever, back pain, and painful urination. During hospitalization, the patient experienced sudden discomfort followed by cardiac arrest, requiring multiple CPR attempts and ECMO placement. A subsequent CT angiogram revealed a pulmonary embolism. The patient's condition was further complicated by severe pain due to compression fractures, and a diagnosis of terminal lung cancer was unexpectedly confirmed, leading to emotional distress and uncertainty about future treatment. Throughout the critical care process, ECMO was removed on October 24, stabilizing the patient’s body temperature between 36.5-37°C and maintaining a mean arterial pressure of 60-80 mmHg. Pain management, including Morphine 8mg in 0.9% N/S 100ml IV drip q6h PRN and Ultracet 37.5 mg/325 mg 1# PO q6h, kept the pain level below 3. The patient was transferred to the ward on October 27 and discharged home on October 30. Conclusion: During the care period, collaboration with the medical team and palliative care professionals was crucial. Adjustments to pain medication, symptom management, and lung cancer-targeted therapy improved the patient’s physical discomfort and pain levels. By applying the unique functions of nursing and the four principles of palliative care, positive encouragement was provided. Family members, along with social workers, clergy, psychologists, and nutritionists, participated in cross-disciplinary care, alleviating anxiety and fear. The consensus to withdraw ECMO and life-sustaining equipment enabled the patient and family to receive high-quality care and maintain autonomy in decision-making. A follow-up call on November 1 confirmed that the patient was emotionally stable, pain-free, and continuing with targeted lung cancer therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensive%20care" title="intensive care">intensive care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title=" lung cancer"> lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20embolism" title=" pulmonary embolism"> pulmonary embolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECMO" title=" ECMO"> ECMO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190195/nursing-experience-in-the-intensive-care-of-a-lung-cancer-patient-with-pulmonary-embolism-on-extracorporeal-membrane-oxygenation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> An Exploratory Study of Changing Organisational Practices of Third-Sector Organisations in Mandated Corporate Social Responsibility in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avadh%20Bihari">Avadh Bihari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a global parameter to define corporates' ethical and responsible behaviour. It was a voluntary practice in India till 2013, driven by various guidelines, which has become a mandate since 2014 under the Companies Act, 2013. This has compelled the corporates to redesign their CSR strategies by bringing in structures, planning, accountability, and transparency in their processes with a mandate to 'comply or explain'. Based on the author's M.Phil. dissertation, this paper presents the changes in organisational practices and institutional mechanisms of third-sector organisations (TSOs) with the theoretical frameworks of institutionalism and co-optation. It became an interesting case as India is the only country to have a law on CSR, which is not only mandating the reporting but the spending too. The space of CSR in India is changing rapidly and affecting multiple institutions, in the context of the changing roles of the state, market, and TSOs. Several factors such as stringent regulation on foreign funding, mandatory CSR pushing corporates to look out for NGOs, and dependency of Indian NGOs on CSR funds have come to the fore almost simultaneously, which made it an important area of study. Further, the paper aims at addressing the gap in the literature on the effects of mandated CSR on the functioning of TSOs through the empirical and theoretical findings of this study. The author had adopted an interpretivist position in this study to explore changes in organisational practices from the participants' experiences. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five corporate officials, eleven officials from six TSOs, and two academicians, located at Mumbai and Delhi, India. The findings of this study show the legislation has institutionalised CSR, and TSOs get co-opted in the process of implementing mandated CSR. Seventy percent of the corporates implement their CSR projects through TSOs in India; this has affected the organisational practices of TSOs to a large extent. They are compelled to recruit expert workforce, create new departments for monitoring & evaluation, communications, and adopt management practices of project implementation from corporates. These are attempts to institutionalise the TSOs so that they can produce calculated results as demanded by corporates. In this process, TSOs get co-opted in a struggle to secure funds and lose their autonomy. The normative, coercive, and mimetic isomorphisms of institutionalism come into play as corporates are mandated to take up CSR, thereby influencing the organisational practices of TSOs. These results suggest that corporates and TSOs require an understanding of each other's work culture to develop mutual respect and work towards the goal of sustainable development of the communities. Further, TSOs need to retain their autonomy and understanding of ground realities without which they become an extension of the corporate-funder. For a successful CSR project, engagement beyond funding is required from corporate, through their involvement and not interference. CSR-led community development can be structured by management practices to an extent, but cannot overshadow the knowledge and experience of TSOs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20social%20responsibility" title="corporate social responsibility">corporate social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutionalism" title=" institutionalism"> institutionalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organisational%20practices" title=" organisational practices"> organisational practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third-sector%20organisations" title=" third-sector organisations"> third-sector organisations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115623/an-exploratory-study-of-changing-organisational-practices-of-third-sector-organisations-in-mandated-corporate-social-responsibility-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Awareness of Organic Products in Bangladesh: A Marketing Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheikh%20Mohammed%20Rafiul%20Huque">Sheikh Mohammed Rafiul Huque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bangladesh since its inception has been an economy that is fuelled by agriculture and agriculture has significant contribution to the GDP of Bangladesh. The agriculture of Bangladesh predominantly and historically dependent on organic sources of raw material though the place has taken in decades by inorganic sources of raw materials due to the high demand of food for rapidly growing of population. Meanwhile, a new market segment, which is niche market, has been evolving in the urban area in favor of organic products, though 71.1% population living in rural areas is dependent mainly on conventional products. The new market segment is search of healthy and safer source of food and they could believe that organic products are the solution of that. In Bangladesh, food adulteration is very common practices among the shop-keepers to extend the shelf life of raw vegetables and fruits. The niche group of city dwellers is aware about the fact and gradually shifting their buying behavior to organic products. A recent survey on organic farming revealed that 16,200 hectares under organic farming in recent time, which was only 2,500 hectares in 2008. This study is focused on consumer awareness of organic products and tried to explore the factors affecting organic food consumption among high income group of people. The hypothesis is developed to explore the effect of gender (GENDER), ability to purchase (ABILITY) and health awareness (HEALTH) on purchase intention (INTENTION). A snowball sampling was administered among the high income group of people in Dhaka city among 150 respondents. In this sampling process the study could identify only those samples who has consume organic products. A Partial Least Square (PLS) method was used to analyze data using path analysis. It was revealed from the analysis that coefficient determination R2 is 0.829 for INTENTION endogenous latent variable. This means that three latent variables (GENDER, ABILITY, and HEALTH) significantly explain 82.9% of the variance in INTENTION of purchasing organic products. Moreover, GENDER solely explains 6.3% and 8.6% variability of ABILITY and HEALTH respectively. The inner model suggests that HEALTH has strongest negative effect on INTENTION (-0.647) followed by ABILITY (0.344) and GENDER (0.246). The hypothesized path relationship between ABILITY->INTENTION, HEALTH->INTENTION and GENDER->INTENTION are statistically significant. Furthermore, the hypothesized path relationship between GENDER->ABILITY (0.262) and GENDER->HEALTH (-0.292) also statistically significant. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate how an organic product producer can improve his participatory guarantee system (PGS) while marketing the products. The study focuses on understanding gender (GENDER), ability (ABILITY) and health (HEALTH) factors while positioning the products (INTENTION) in the mind of the consumer. In this study, the respondents are found to care about high price and ability to purchase variables with loading -0.920 and 0.898. They are good indicators of ability to purchase (ABILITY). The marketers should consider about price of organic comparing to conventional products while marketing, otherwise, that will create negative intention to buy with a loading of -0.939. Meanwhile, it is also revealed that believability of chemical free component in organic products and health awareness affects health (HEALTH) components with high loading -0.941 and 0.682. The study analyzes that low believability of chemical free component and high price of organic products affects intension to buy. The marketers should not overlook this point while targeting the consumers in Bangladesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20awareness" title="health awareness">health awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20products" title=" organic products"> organic products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purchase%20ability" title=" purchase ability"> purchase ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purchase%20intention" title=" purchase intention "> purchase intention </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24484/awareness-of-organic-products-in-bangladesh-a-marketing-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Training Hearing Parents in SmiLE Therapy Supports the Maintenance and Generalisation of Deaf Children's Social Communication Skills</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20Curtin">Martina Curtin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosalind%20Herman"> Rosalind Herman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Deaf children can experience difficulties with understanding how social interaction works, particularly when communicating with unfamiliar hearing people. Deaf children often struggle with integrating into a mainstream, hearing environments. These negative experiences can lead to social isolation, depression and other mental health difficulties later in life. smiLE Therapy (Schamroth, 2015) is a video-based social communication intervention that aims to teach deaf children skills to confidently communicate with unfamiliar hearing people. Although two previous studies have reported improvements in communication skills immediately post intervention, evidence for maintenance of gains or generalisation of skills (i.e., the transfer of newly learnt skills to untrained situations) has not to date been demonstrated. Parental involvement has been shown to support deaf children’s therapy outcomes. Therefore, this study added parent training to the therapy children received to investigate the benefits to generalisation of children’s skills. Parents were also invited to present their perspective on the training they received. Aims: (1) To assess pupils’ progress from pre- to post-intervention in trained and untrained tasks, (2) to investigate if training parents improved their (a) understanding of their child’s needs and (b) their skills in supporting their child appropriately in smiLE Therapy tasks, (3) to assess if parent training had an impact on the pupil’s ability to (a) maintain their skills in trained tasks post-therapy, and (b) generalise their skills in untrained, community tasks. Methods: This was a mixed-methods, repeated measures study. 31 deaf pupils (aged between 7 and 14) received an hour of smiLE Therapy per week, for 6 weeks. Communication skills were assessed pre-, post- and 3-months post-intervention using the Communication Skills Checklist. Parents were then invited to attend two training sessions and asked to bring a video of their child communicating in a shop or café. These videos were used to assess whether, after parent training, the child was able to generalise their skills to a new situation. Finally, parents attended a focus group to discuss the effectiveness of the therapy, particularly the wider impact, i.e., more child participation within the hearing community. Results: All children significantly improved their scores following smiLE therapy and maintained these skills to high level. Children generalised a high percentage of their newly learnt skills to an untrained situation. Parents reported improved understanding of their child’s needs, their child’s potential and in how to support them in real-life situations. Parents observed that their children were more confident and independent when carrying out communication tasks with unfamiliar hearing people. Parents realised they needed to ‘let go’ and embrace their child’s independence and provide more opportunities for them to participate in their community. Conclusions: This study adds to the evidence base on smiLE Therapy; it is an effective intervention that develops deaf children’s ability to interact competently with unfamiliar, hearing, communication partners. It also provides preliminary evidence of the benefits of parent training in helping children to generalise their skills to other situations. These findings will be of value to therapists wishing to develop deaf children’s communication skills beyond the therapy setting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deaf%20children" title="deaf children">deaf children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalisation" title=" generalisation"> generalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent%20involvement" title=" parent involvement"> parent involvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20communication" title=" social communication"> social communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100561/training-hearing-parents-in-smile-therapy-supports-the-maintenance-and-generalisation-of-deaf-childrens-social-communication-skills" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Comparative Chromatographic Profiling of Wild and Cultivated Macrocybe Gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gagan%20Brar">Gagan Brar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munruchi%20Kaur"> Munruchi Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Macrocybe gigantea was collected from the wild, growing as pure white, fleshy, robust fruit bodies in caespitose clusters. Initially, the few ladies collecting these fruiting bodies for cooking revealed their edibility status, which was later confirmed through classical and molecular taxonomy. The culture of this potential wild edible taxa was raised with an aim of domesticating it. Various solid and liquid media were evaluated for their vegetative growth, in which Malt Extract Agar was found to be the best solid medium and Glucose Peptone medium as the best liquid medium. The effect of different temperatures as well as pH was also evaluated for the vegetative growth of M. gigantea, and it was found that it shows maximum vegetative growth at 30° and pH 5. For spawn preparation, various grains viz. Wheat grains, Jowar grains, Bajra grains and Maize grains were evaluated, and it was found that wheat grains boiled for 30 minutes gave the maximum mycelial growth. Mother spawn was thus prepared on wheat grains boiled for 30 minutes. For raising the fruiting bodies, different locally available agro-wastes were tried, and it was found that paddy straw gives the best growth. Both wilds as well as cultivated M. gigantea were compared through HPLC to evaluate the different nutritional and nutraceutical values. For the evaluation of different sugars in wild and cultivated M. gigantea, 15 sugars were taken for analysis. Among these Melezitose, Trehalose, Glucose, Xylose and Mannitol were found in the wild collection of M. gigantea; in the cultivated sample, Melezitose, Trehalose, Xylose and Dulcitol were detected. Among the 20 different amino acids, 18 amino acids were found, except Asparagine and Glutamine in both wild as well as cultivated samples. Among the 37 tested fatty acids, only 6 fatty acids, namely Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Cis-9 Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Gamma-Linolenic acid and Tricosanoic acid, were found in both wild and cultivated samples, although the concentration of these fatty acids was more in the cultivated sample. From the various vitamins tested, Vitamin C, D and E were present in both wild and cultivated samples. Both wild as well as cultivated samples were evaluated for the presence of phenols; for this purpose, eleven phenols were taken as standards in HPLC analysis, and it was found that Gallic acid, Resorcinol, Ferulic acid and Pyrogallol were present in the wild mushroom sample whereas in the cultivated sample Ferulic acid, Caffeic Acid, Vanillic acid and Vanillin are present. The flavonoid analysis revealed the presence of Rutin, Naringin and Quercetin in wild M. gigantea, while 5 Naringin, Catechol, Myrecetin, Gossypin and Quercetin were found in cultivated one. From the comparative chromatographic profiling of both wild as well as cultivated M. gigantea, it is concluded that no nutrient loss was found during its cultivation. An increase in percentage of secondary metabolites (i.e., phenols and flavonoids) was found in cultivated one as compared to wild M. gigantea. Thus, from future perspective cultivated species of M. gigantea can be recommended for the commercial purpose as a good food supplement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edible" title=" edible"> edible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20bodies" title=" fruit bodies"> fruit bodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wild" title=" wild"> wild</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172861/comparative-chromatographic-profiling-of-wild-and-cultivated-macrocybe-gigantea-massee-pegler-lodge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Investigation of Attitude of Production Workers towards Job Rotation in Automotive Industry against the Background of Demographic Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Franciska%20Weise">Franciska Weise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ralph%20Bruder"> Ralph Bruder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the demographic change in Germany along with the declining birth rate and the increasing age of population, the share of older people in society is rising. This development is also reflected in the work force of German companies. Therefore companies should focus on improving ergonomics, especially in the area of age-related work design. Literature shows that studies on age-related work design have been carried out in the past, some of whose results have been put into practice. However, there is still a need for further research. One of the most important methods for taking into account the needs of an aging population is job rotation. This method aims at preventing or reducing health risks and inappropriate physical strain. It is conceived as a systematic change of workplaces within a group. Existing literature does not cover any methods for the investigation of the attitudes of employees towards job rotation. However, in order to evaluate job rotation, it is essential to have knowledge of the views of people towards rotation. In addition to an investigation of attitudes, the design of rotation plays a crucial role. The sequence of activities and the rotation frequency influence the worker and as well the work result. The evaluation of preliminary talks on the shop floor showed that team speakers and foremen share a common understanding of job rotation. In practice, different varieties of job rotation exist. One important aspect is the frequency of rotation. It is possible to rotate never, more than one time or even during every break, or more often than every break. It depends on the opportunity or possibility to rotate whenever workers want to rotate. From the preliminary talks some challenges can be derived. For example a rotation in the whole team is not possible, if a team member requires to be trained for a new task. In order to be able to determine the relation of the design and the attitude towards job rotation, a questionnaire is carried out in the vehicle manufacturing. The questionnaire will be employed to determine the different varieties of job rotation that exist in production, as well as the attitudes of workers towards those different frequencies of job rotation. In addition, younger and older employees will be compared with regard to their rotation frequency and their attitudes towards rotation. There are three kinds of age groups. Three questions are under examination. The first question is whether older employees rotate less frequently than younger employees. Also it is investigated to know whether the frequency of job rotation and the attitude towards the frequency of job rotation are interconnected. Moreover, the attitudes of the different age groups towards the frequency of rotation will be examined. Up to now 144 employees, all working in production, took part in the survey. 36.8 % were younger than thirty, 37.5 % were between thirty und forty-four and 25.7 % were above forty-five years old. The data shows no difference between the three age groups in relation to the frequency of job rotation (N=139, median=4, Chi²=.859, df=2, p=.651). Most employees rotate between six and seven workplaces per day. In addition there is a statistically significant correlation between the frequency of job rotation and the attitude towards the frequency (Spearman-Rho: 2-sided=.008, correlation coefficient=.223). Less than four workplaces per day are not enough for the employees. The third question, which differences can be found between older and younger people who rotate in a different way and with different attitudes towards job rotation, cannot be possible answered. Till now the data shows that younger people would like to rotate very often. Regarding to older people no correlation can be found with acceptable significance. The results of the survey will be used to improve the current practice of job rotation. In addition, the discussions during the survey are expected to help sensitize the employees with respect to rotation issues, and to contribute to optimizing rotation by means of qualification and an improved design of job rotation. Together with the employees and the results of the survey there must be found standards which show how to rotate in an ergonomic way while consider the attitude towards job rotation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20rotation" title="job rotation">job rotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age-related%20work%20design" title=" age-related work design"> age-related work design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20industry" title=" automotive industry "> automotive industry </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29275/investigation-of-attitude-of-production-workers-towards-job-rotation-in-automotive-industry-against-the-background-of-demographic-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Safety and Efficacy of RM-001, Autologous HBG1/2 Promoter-Modified CD34+Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells, in Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rongrong%20Liu">Rongrong Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Wang"> Li Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Xu"> Hui Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianpei%20Fang"> Jianpei Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sixi%20Liu"> Sixi Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaolin%20Yin"> Xiaolin Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junbin%20Liang"> Junbin Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaohui%20Yan"> Gaohui Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaoyun%20Li"> Yaoyun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yali%20Zhou"> Yali Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinyu%20Li"> Xinyu Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yue%20Li"> Yue Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Shi"> Lei Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongrong%20Lai"> Yongrong Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junjiu%20Huang"> Junjiu Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinhua%20Zhang"> Xinhua Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Beta-Thalassemia is caused by reduced (β+) or absent (β0) synthesis of the β-globin chains of hemoglobin. Transfusions and oral iron chelation therapy have improved the quality of life for patients with Transfusion-Dependent thalassemia (TDT). Recent advances in genome editing platforms of CRISPR-Cas9 have paved the way for induction of HbF by reactivating expression of γ-chain.Aims: We performed CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing of hematopoietic stem cells to mutate HBG1/HBG2 promoter sequence, thereby representing a naturally occurring HPFH-liked mutation, producing RM-001. Here, we present an initial assessment of safety and efficacy of RM-001 in patients with TDT. Methods: Patients (6–35 y of age) with TDT receiving packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusions of ≥100 mL/kg/y or ≥10 units/y in the previous 2 y were eligible. CD34+ cells were edited with CRISPR-Cas9 using a guide RNA specific for the binding site of BCL11A on the HBG1/2 promoter. Prior to RM-001 product infusion (day 0), patients received myeloablative conditioning with Busulfan from day-7 to day-4. Patients were monitored for AEs Hb expression.Results: Data cut as of 28 Feb 2024, 16 TDT patients have been treated with RM-001 and followed ≥3 months. 5 of these 16 patients had finished their 24 months follow up. Eleven patients have β0/β0 genotype and five patients have β0/β+ genotype. In addition to β-thalassemia, two patients had α- deletion with the genotype of --/αα. Efficacy:All patients received a single dose intravenous infusion of RM-001 cells. 5 of them had been followed 24 months or longer. All patients achieved transfusion-independent (TI, total Hb continued ≥ 9g/dL) (Figure1). Patients demonstrated sustained and clinically meaningful increases in HbF levels since 4 month post-RM-001 infusion (Figure.2). Total hemoglobin in all patients was stable at 10-12g/dL during the follow-up period. Safety:The adverse events observed after RM-001 infusion were consistent with those that are typical of Busulfan-based myeloablation. The allelic editing analysis at 6-month visit showed that the on-target allelic editing frequency in bone marrow cells was 73.44% (64.65% to 84.6%, n=13).Summary/Conclusion: This interim analysis, in which all the 19 patients age from 7.9 to 25yo met the success criteria for the trial with respect to transfusion independence, showed that autologous HBG1/2 promoter-modified CD34+ HSPCs gene therapy resulted in an adequate amount of HbF as early as 2 months after infusion led to near-normal hemoglobin levels, remained transfusion-free through the reported period without product related SAE. After RM-001 infusion, high levels of HbF proportion and on-target editing in bone marrow cells were maintained. Submitted on behalf of the RM-001 Investigators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thalassemian" title="thalassemian">thalassemian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetherapy" title=" genetherapy"> genetherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRISPR%2FCas9" title=" CRISPR/Cas9"> CRISPR/Cas9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HbF" title=" HbF"> HbF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184624/safety-and-efficacy-of-rm-001-autologous-hbg12-promoter-modified-cd34hematopoietic-stem-and-progenitor-cells-in-transfusion-dependent-v-thalassemia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Association of Temperature Factors with Seropositive Results against Selected Pathogens in Dairy Cow Herds from Central and Northern Greece</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20Sofia">Marina Sofia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexios%20Giannakopoulos"> Alexios Giannakopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonia%20Touloudi"> Antonia Touloudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitris%20C%20Chatzopoulos"> Dimitris C Chatzopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoi%20Athanasakopoulou"> Zoi Athanasakopoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vassiliki%20Spyrou"> Vassiliki Spyrou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charalambos%20Billinis"> Charalambos Billinis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fertility of dairy cattle can be affected by heat stress when the ambient temperature increases above 30°C and the relative humidity ranges from 35% to 50%. The present study was conducted on dairy cattle farms during summer months in Greece and aimed to identify the serological profile against pathogens that could affect fertility and to associate the positive serological results at herd level with temperature factors. A total of 323 serum samples were collected from clinically healthy dairy cows of 8 herds, located in Central and Northern Greece. ELISA tests were performed to detect antibodies against selected pathogens that affect fertility, namely Chlamydophila abortus, Coxiella burnetii, Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus (IBRV). Eleven climatic variables were derived from the WorldClim version 1.4. and ArcGIS V.10.1 software was used for analysis of the spatial information. Five different MaxEnt models were applied to associate the temperature variables with the locations of seropositive Chl. abortus, C. burnetii, N. caninum, T. gondii and IBRV herds (one for each pathogen). The logistic outputs were used for the interpretation of the results. ROC analyses were performed to evaluate the goodness of fit of the models’ predictions. Jackknife tests were used to identify the variables with a substantial contribution to each model. The seropositivity rates of pathogens varied among the 8 herds (0.85-4.76% for Chl. abortus, 4.76-62.71% for N. caninum, 3.8-43.47% for C. burnetii, 4.76-39.28% for T. gondii and 47.83-78.57% for IBRV). The variables of annual temperature range, mean diurnal range and maximum temperature of the warmest month gave a contribution to all five models. The regularized training gains, the training AUCs and the unregularized training gains were estimated. The mean diurnal range gave the highest gain when used in isolation and decreased the gain the most when it was omitted in the two models for seropositive Chl.abortus and IBRV herds. The annual temperature range increased the gain when used alone and decreased the gain the most when it was omitted in the models for seropositive C. burnetii, N. caninum and T. gondii herds. In conclusion, antibodies against Chl. abortus, C. burnetii, N. caninum, T. gondii and IBRV were detected in most herds suggesting circulation of pathogens that could cause infertility. The results of the spatial analyses demonstrated that the annual temperature range, mean diurnal range and maximum temperature of the warmest month could affect positively the possible pathogens’ presence. Acknowledgment: This research has been co‐financed by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH–CREATE–INNOVATE (project code: T1EDK-01078). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20cows" title="dairy cows">dairy cows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seropositivity" title=" seropositivity"> seropositivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20analysis" title=" spatial analysis"> spatial analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20factors" title=" temperature factors"> temperature factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141510/association-of-temperature-factors-with-seropositive-results-against-selected-pathogens-in-dairy-cow-herds-from-central-and-northern-greece" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Creative Resolutions to Intercultural Conflicts: The Joint Effects of International Experience and Cultural Intelligence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Rockstuhl">Thomas Rockstuhl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soon%20Ang"> Soon Ang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kok%20Yee%20Ng"> Kok Yee Ng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linn%20Van%20Dyne"> Linn Van Dyne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intercultural interactions are often challenging and fraught with conflicts. To shed light on how to interact effectively across cultures, academics and practitioners alike have advanced a plethora of intercultural competence models. However, the majority of this work has emphasized distal outcomes, such as job performance and cultural adjustment, rather than proximal outcomes, such as how individuals resolve inevitable intercultural conflicts. As a consequence, the processes by which individuals negotiate challenging intercultural conflicts are not well understood. The current study advances theorizing on intercultural conflict resolution by exploring antecedents of how people resolve intercultural conflicts. To this end, we examine creativity – the generation of novel and useful ideas – in the context of resolving cultural conflicts in intercultural interactions. Based on the dual-identity theory of creativity, we propose that individuals with greater international experience will display greater creativity and that the relationship is accentuated by individual’s cultural intelligence. Two studies test these hypotheses. The first study comprises 84 senior university students, drawn from an international organizational behavior course. The second study replicates findings from the first study in a sample of 89 executives from eleven countries. Participants in both studies provided protocols of their strategies for resolving two intercultural conflicts, as depicted in two multimedia-vignettes of challenging intercultural work-related interactions. Two research assistants, trained in intercultural management but blind to the study hypotheses, coded all strategies for their novelty and usefulness following scoring procedures for creativity tasks. Participants also completed online surveys of demographic background information, including their international experience, and cultural intelligence. Hierarchical linear modeling showed that surprisingly, while international experience is positively associated with usefulness, it is unrelated to novelty. Further, a person’s cultural intelligence strengthens the positive effect of international experience on usefulness and mitigates the effect of international experience on novelty. Theoretically, our findings offer an important theoretical extension to the dual-identity theory of creativity by identifying cultural intelligence as an important individual difference moderator that qualifies the relationship between international experience and creative conflict resolution. In terms of novelty, individuals higher in cultural intelligence seem less susceptible to rigidity effects of international experiences. Perhaps they are more capable of assessing which aspects of culture are relevant and apply relevant experiences when they brainstorm novel ideas. For utility, individuals high in cultural intelligence are better able to leverage on their international experience to assess the viability of their ideas because their richer and more organized cultural knowledge structure allows them to assess possible options more efficiently and accurately. In sum, our findings suggest that cultural intelligence is an important and promising intercultural competence that fosters creative resolutions to intercultural conflicts. We hope that our findings stimulate future research on creativity and conflict resolution in intercultural contexts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20Intelligence" title="cultural Intelligence">cultural Intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural%20conflict" title=" intercultural conflict"> intercultural conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural%20creativity" title=" intercultural creativity"> intercultural creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20experience" title=" international experience"> international experience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106329/creative-resolutions-to-intercultural-conflicts-the-joint-effects-of-international-experience-and-cultural-intelligence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Intensive Care Experience of Providing Palliative Care for a Terminal Lung Cancer Patient</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting-I%20Lin">Ting-I Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: This article explores the nursing care experience of a 51-year-old terminal lung cancer patient admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following an upper right lobectomy. The patient initially sought emergency treatment due to worsening cough and dyspnea, which led to the placement of an endotracheal tube following sudden deterioration. Subsequent CT scans and chest X-rays revealed a tumor in the upper right lung with metastases to the lungs, liver, bones, and adrenal glands. The patient underwent a right upper lobectomy and a wedge resection of the right middle lobe. Pathology staging: T4N3M1c and the patient was diagnosed with advanced cancer postoperatively. Method: During the care period, nursing staff continuously monitored the patient’s physiological data through observations, direct care, interviews, physical assessments, and review of the patient’s medical records. The nursing team collaborated with the critical care team and the palliative care team, using Gordon's Eleven Functional Health Patterns to conduct a comprehensive assessment. The key health problems identified included pain related to postoperative cancer resection and invasive devices, fear of death due to rapid disease progression, and altered tissue perfusion associated with hemodynamic instability. Results: Postoperatively, the patient experienced pain from the surgical wound and dyspnea due to extensive metastasis, often leading to confusion. Through the adjustment of pain medication, the patient’s discomfort was alleviated, using Morphine 8 mg in 0.9% normal saline 60 ml IV drip q6h prn, and Ultracet 37.5 mg/325 mg 1# PO q6h. Additionally, lavender essential oil inhalation and limb massage were provided for 15 minutes four times a day. The patient’s FLACC pain score decreased from 7 to below 3. After respiratory training, the endotracheal tube was successfully removed, and the patient was weaned off the ventilator. Triflow exercises were used to promote alveolar expansion, with the goal of achieving 2 balls for 10 seconds, 5 repetitions per session, 6-8 times a day. The patient’s breathing stabilized at 16-18 breaths per minute, body temperature remained between 35.8°C and 36.1°C, and the mean arterial pressure was maintained between 60-80 mmHg. Conclusion: The critical care team and the palliative care team held a family meeting to discuss not only the patient’s care but also the emotional well-being of the family. Visiting hours were increased to two times per day, one hour each time, allowing the patient and family to express love and gratitude, which strengthened their emotional connection and reduced the patient’s anxiety from severe to mild. The family expressed that they had no regrets. After the patient was transferred to the general ward, the nursing team continued to provide end-of-life care with genuine empathy, compassion, and religious support, helping both the patient and family through the final stage of life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20metastases" title="multiple metastases">multiple metastases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title=" lung cancer"> lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palliative%20care" title=" palliative care"> palliative care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing%20experience" title=" nursing experience"> nursing experience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190785/intensive-care-experience-of-providing-palliative-care-for-a-terminal-lung-cancer-patient" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Sexual Behaviour and Psychological Well-Being of a Group of African Adolescent Males in Alice, Eastern Cape</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jabulani%20Gilford%20Kheswa">Jabulani Gilford Kheswa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thembelihle%20Lobi"> Thembelihle Lobi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From a cultural perspective, expression of hegemonic masculinity in South Africa continues to escalate among adolescent males who grow up in communities lacking in role models and recreational facilities. However, when the schools are constructive, and peer influence is positive, adolescent male can potentially express character strengths and lead a meaningful life. Drawing from Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model and Keyes and Ryff’s six dimensions of psychological well-being and mental health, such youth may exemplify positive self-esteem, problem- focused coping strategies, condom self-efficacy, good leadership skills, enhanced motivation and a positive emotional state, which buffer against risky sexual behaviors. This paper was aimed at investigating the relationships between adolescent males’ sexual behavior and psychological well-being. This study employed a quantitative research to collect data from 54 Xhosa-speaking adolescent males from one school high school in Fort Beaufort, Eastern Cape, South Africa. These learners were from grade nine, ten and eleven with their ages ranging from 14 to 20. Prior the research commenced, the school principal and caregivers of the learners who participated in the study, gave their informed consent. Self- administered closed-ended questionnaire with Section A (that is, biographical information) and Section B with each question rated on the 5–point Likert scale was used. The advantages of questionnaires include a high response rate as they require less time and offer anonymity because participants’ names are not identified. The SPSS version 18 was used for statistical data analysis. The mean age was 16.83 with a standard deviation of 1.611. 44.4% of the participants were from grade 9, 33.3% from grade 10 and 22.2% from grade 11. The Chronbach alpha of 0.79 was yielded, with respect to self- esteem of adolescent males. In this study, 76.9% reported to attend church services whilst 23% indicated not to attend church services. A further 96.2% of adolescent males indicated to have good relations with guardians while only 3.8% had poorer relations. A large proportion of adolescent males (72.9%) indicated to high-quality friendship as opposed to 27.1% who reported being receiving negative guidance from peers. Other findings revealed that 81.1% of the participants’ parents do not drink alcohol, and they cope at school as 79.6% reported protective factors as attributable towards non-engagement to risky sexual practices. As a result, 81.4% of participants reported not to participate in criminal activities although 85% of the participants indicated that in their school there are drugs. It could be speculated from this study that adolescent males whose caregivers are authoritative, find purpose in life and are most likely to be socially and academically competent. This paper leads to further research interest into mental health, coping strategies and sexual decision-making skills of the youth in South Africa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=church" title="church">church</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school" title=" school"> school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20behaviour" title=" sexual behaviour"> sexual behaviour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56815/sexual-behaviour-and-psychological-well-being-of-a-group-of-african-adolescent-males-in-alice-eastern-cape" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Meeting the Health Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults: Developing and Evaluating an Electronic Questionnaire and Health Report Form, for the Health Assessment at Youth Health Clinics – A Mixed Methods Project</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.V.%20Lostelius">P.V. Lostelius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.Mattebo"> M.Mattebo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Thors%20Adolfsson"> E. Thors Adolfsson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S%C3%B6derlund"> A. Söderlund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%85.%20Reven%C3%A4s"> Å. Revenäs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adolescents are vulnerable in healthcare settings. Early detection of poor health in young people is important to support a good quality of life and adult social functioning. Youth Health Clinics (YHCs) in Sweden provide healthcare for young people ages 13-25 years old. Using an overall mixed methods approach, the project’s main objective was to develop and evaluate an electronic health system, including a health questionnaire, a case report form, and an evaluation questionnaire to assess young people’s health risks in early stages, increase health, and quality of life. In total, 72 young people, 16-23 years old, eleven healthcare professionals and eight researchers participated in the three project studies. Results from interviews with fifteen young people gave that an electronic health questionnaire should include questions about physical-, mental-, sexual health and social support. It should specifically include questions about self-harm and suicide risk. The young people said that the questionnaire should be appealing, based on young people’s needs and be user-friendly. It was important that young people felt safe when responding to the questions, both physically and electronically. Also, they found that it had the potential to support the face-to face-meeting between young people and healthcare professionals. The electronic health report system was developed by the researchers, performing a structured development of the electronic health questionnaire, construction of a case report form to present the results from the health questions, along with an electronic evaluation questionnaire. An Information Technology company finalized the development by digitalizing the electronic health system. Four young people, three healthcare professionals and seven researchers evaluated the usability using interviews and a usability questionnaire. The electronic health questionnaire was found usable for YHCs but needed some clarifications. Essentially, the system succeeded in capturing the overall health of young people; it should be able to keep the interest of young people and have the potential to contribute to health assessment planning and young people’s self-reflection, sharing vulnerable feelings with healthcare professionals. In advance of effect studies, a feasibility study was performed by collecting electronic questionnaire data from 54 young people and interview data from eight healthcare professionals to assess the feasibility of the use of the electronic evaluation questionnaire, the case report form, and the planned recruitment method. When merging the results, the research group found that the evaluation questionnaire and the health report were feasible for future research. However, the COVID-19 pandemic, commitment challenges and drop-outs affected the recruitment of young people. Also, some healthcare professionals felt insecure about using computers and electronic devices and worried that their workload would increase. This project contributes knowledge about the development and use of electronic health tools for young people. Before implementation, clinical routines need for using the health report system need to be considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescent%20health" title="adolescent health">adolescent health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developmental%20studies" title=" developmental studies"> developmental studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20health%20questionnaire" title=" electronic health questionnaire"> electronic health questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20methods%20research" title=" mixed methods research"> mixed methods research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167075/meeting-the-health-needs-of-adolescents-and-young-adults-developing-and-evaluating-an-electronic-questionnaire-and-health-report-form-for-the-health-assessment-at-youth-health-clinics-a-mixed-methods-project" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Development of a Risk Governance Index and Examination of Its Determinants: An Empirical Study in Indian Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20V.%20Shivaani">M. V. Shivaani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20K.%20Jain"> P. K. Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surendra%20S.%20Yadav"> Surendra S. Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Risk management has been gaining extensive focus from international organizations like Committee of Sponsoring Organizations and Financial Stability Board, and, the foundation of such an effective and efficient risk management system lies in a strong risk governance structure. In view of this, an attempt (perhaps a first of its kind) has been made to develop a risk governance index, which could be used as proxy for quality of risk governance structures. The index (normative framework) is based on eleven variables, namely, size of board, board diversity in terms of gender, proportion of executive directors, executive/non-executive status of chairperson, proportion of independent directors, CEO duality, chief risk officer (CRO), risk management committee, mandatory committees, voluntary committees and existence/non-existence of whistle blower policy. These variables are scored on a scale of 1 to 5 with the exception of the variables, namely, status of chairperson and CEO duality (which have been scored on a dichotomous scale with the score of 3 or 5). In case there is a legal/statutory requirement in respect of above-mentioned variables and there is a non-compliance with such requirement a score of one has been envisaged. Though there is no legal requirement, for the larger part of study, in context of CRO, risk management committee and whistle blower policy, still a score of 1 has been assigned in the event of their non-existence. Recognizing the importance of these variables in context of risk governance structure and the fact that the study basically focuses on risk governance, the absence of these variables has been equated to non-compliance with a legal/statutory requirement. Therefore, based on this the minimum score is 15 and the maximum possible is 55. In addition, an attempt has been made to explore the determinants of this index. For this purpose, the sample consists of non-financial companies (429) that constitute S&P CNX500 index. The study covers a 10 years period from April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2015. Given the panel nature of data, Hausman test was applied, and it suggested that fixed effects regression would be appropriate. The results indicate that age and size of firms have significant positive impact on its risk governance structures. Further, post-recession period (2009-2015) has witnessed significant improvement in quality of governance structures. In contrast, profitability (positive relationship), leverage (negative relationship) and growth (negative relationship) do not have significant impact on quality of risk governance structures. The value of rho indicates that about 77.74% variation in risk governance structures is due to firm specific factors. Given the fact that each firm is unique in terms of its risk exposure, risk culture, risk appetite, and risk tolerance levels, it appears reasonable to assume that the specific conditions and circumstances that a company is beset with, could be the biggest determinants of its risk governance structures. Given the recommendations put forth in the paper (particularly for regulators and companies), the study is expected to be of immense utility in an important yet neglected aspect of risk management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title="corporate governance">corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERM" title=" ERM"> ERM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20governance" title=" risk governance"> risk governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60119/development-of-a-risk-governance-index-and-examination-of-its-determinants-an-empirical-study-in-indian-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Critical Evaluation of Long Chain Hydrocarbons with Biofuel Potential from Marine Diatoms Isolated from the West Coast of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indira%20K.">Indira K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valsamma%20Joseph"> Valsamma Joseph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20S.%20Bright"> I. S. Bright</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction :Biofuels could replace fossil fuels and reduce our carbon footprint on the planet by technological advancements needed for sustainable and economic fuel production. Micro algae have proven to be a promising source to meet the current energy demand because of high lipid content and production of high biomass rapidly. Marine diatoms, which are key contributors in the biofuel sector and also play a significant role in primary productivity and ecology with high biodiversity and genetic and chemical diversity, are less well understood than other microalgae for producing hydrocarbons. Method :The marine diatom samples selected for hydrocarbon analysis were a total of eleven, out of which 9 samples were from the culture collection of NCAAH, and the remaining two of them were isolated by serial dilution method to get a pure culture from a mixed culture of microalgae obtained from the various cruise stations (350&357) FORV Sagar Sampada along the west coast of India. These diatoms were mass cultured in F/2 media, and the biomass harvested. The crude extract was obtained from the biomass by homogenising with n-hexane, and the hydrocarbons was further obtained by passing the crude extract through 500mg Bonna Agela SPE column and the quantitative analysis was done by GCHRMS analysis using HP-5 column and Helium gas was used as a carrier gas(1ml/min). The injector port temperature was 2400C, the detector temperature was 2500C, and the oven was initially kept at 600C for 1 minute and increased to 2200C at the rate of 60C per minute, and the analysis of a mixture of long chain hydrocarbons was done .Results:In the qualitative analysis done, the most potent hydrocarbon was found to be Psammodictyon Panduriforme (NCAAH-9) with a hydrocarbon mass of 37.27mg/g of the biomass and 2.1% of the total biomass 0f 1.395g and the other potent producer is Biddulphia(NCAAH 6) with hydrocarbon mass of 25.4mg/g of biomass and percentage of hydrocarbon is 1.03%. In the quantitative analysis by GCHRMS, the long chain hydrocarbons found in most of the marine diatoms were undecane, hexadecane, octadecane 3ethyl 5,2 ethyl butyl, Eicosane7hexyl, hexacosane, heptacosane, heneicosane, octadecane 3 methyl, triacontane. The exact mass of the long chain hydrocarbons in all the marine diatom samples was found to be Nonadecane 12C191H40, Tritriacontane,13-decyl-13-heptyl 12C501H102, Octadecane,3ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl 12C261H54, tetratetracontane 12C441H89, Eicosane, 7-hexyl 12C261H54. Conclusion:All the marine diatoms screened produced long chain hydrocarbons which can be used as diesel fuel with good cetane value example, hexadecane, undecane. All the long chain hydrocarbons can further undergo catalytic cracking to produce short chain alkanes which can give good octane values and can be used as gasoline. Optimisation of hydrocarbon production with the most potent marine diatom yielded long chain hydrocarbons of good fuel quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuel" title="biofuel">biofuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocarbons" title=" hydrocarbons"> hydrocarbons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20diatoms" title=" marine diatoms"> marine diatoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screening" title=" screening"> screening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164701/critical-evaluation-of-long-chain-hydrocarbons-with-biofuel-potential-from-marine-diatoms-isolated-from-the-west-coast-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Home Garden: A Food-Based Strategy to Achieve Sustainable Impact on Household Nutrition of Resource-Poor Families in Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Purushottam%20P.%20Khatiwada">Purushottam P. Khatiwada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bikash%20Paudel"> Bikash Paudel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20B.%20Rana"> Ram B. Rana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parshuram%20Biswakarma"> Parshuram Biswakarma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshan%20Pudasaini"> Roshan Pudasaini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nepal has been putting its efforts into securing food and nutrition security for its citizens adopting different models and approaches. Home Garden approach, that integrates vegetables, fruits, small livestock, poultry along with other components like fish, honeybee, mushroom, spices for the promotion of nutritional security of resource-poor and disadvantaged groups was implemented during March 2009 to July 2013 spreading over 16 districts of Nepal covering 115 farmers groups, directly working with 3500 households. Sustained long-term impact of development interventions targeted to the resource-poor and disadvantaged groups has been a recurrent issue for donors, policymakers and practitioners alike. Considering the issue, a post-project evaluation was carried out in a selected project group (Dangibari of Jhapa) after four years of project completion in 2017 in order to evaluate the impact and understand the factors associated with its success. Qualitative information was collected through focus group discussion with group members and associated local institutions. For quantitative information, a quick survey was carried out to the same group members only selecting few indicators. The results are compared with the data obtained from the baseline study conducted by the project in March 2009. The impact of project intervention was evident as compared to the benchmarks established during the baseline, even after four years of project completion. The area under home garden is increased to 729 m² from 386 m² and average food self-sufficiency months increased to 10.22 from 8.11. Seven to eleven fruit species are maintained in the home gardens. An average number of vegetable species grown increased to 15.85 from 9.86. It has resulted in an increase in vegetables self-sufficient month to 8.74 from 4.74 and a huge increase in cash income NPR 6142.8 (USD 59.6) from NPR 385.7 (USD 3.9) from the sale of surplus vegetables. Coaching and mentoring including nutrition sensitization by the project staff at the beginning, inputs and technical support during the project implementation phase and projects effort on the institutional building of disadvantaged farmers were the key drivers of home garden sustainability and expansion. Specifically, package of home garden management trainings provided by the project staff, availability of group funds for buying inputs even after the project, uniting home garden group members in a cooperative, resource leveraging by local institutions through group lobbying, farmers innovations for maintaining home garden diversity and continuous backstopping support by few active members as local resource persons to other members are some additional factors contributing to sustain and/or improve the home garden status by the resource-poor and disadvantaged group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food-based%20nutrition" title="food-based nutrition">food-based nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=home%20garden" title=" home garden"> home garden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource-poor%20and%20disadvantaged%20group" title=" resource-poor and disadvantaged group"> resource-poor and disadvantaged group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustained%20impact" title=" sustained impact"> sustained impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91041/home-garden-a-food-based-strategy-to-achieve-sustainable-impact-on-household-nutrition-of-resource-poor-families-in-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Consumers Attitude toward the Latest Trends in Decreasing Energy Consumption of Washing Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farnaz%20Alborzi">Farnaz Alborzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelika%20Schmitz"> Angelika Schmitz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rainer%20Stamminger"> Rainer Stamminger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reducing water temperatures in the wash phase of a washing programme and increasing the overall cycle durations are the latest trends in decreasing energy consumption of washing programmes. Since the implementation of the new energy efficiency classes in 2010, manufacturers seem to apply the aforementioned washing strategy with lower temperatures combined with longer programme durations extensively to realise energy-savings needed to meet the requirements of the highest energy efficiency class possible. A semi-representative on-line survey in eleven European countries (Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom) was conducted by Bonn University in 2015 to shed light on consumer opinion and behaviour regarding the effects of the lower washing temperature and longer cycle duration in laundry washing on consumers’ acceptance of the programme. The risk of the long wash cycle is that consumers might not use the energy efficient Standard programmes and will think of this option as inconvenient and therefore switch to shorter, but more energy consuming programmes. Furthermore, washing in a lower temperature may lead to the problem of cross-contamination. Washing behaviour of over 5,000 households was studied in this survey to provide support and guidance for manufacturers and policy designers. Qualified households were chosen following a predefined quota: -Involvement in laundry washing: substantial, -Distribution of gender: more than 50 % female , -Selected age groups: -20–39 years, -40–59 years, -60–74 years, -Household size: 1, 2, 3, 4 and more than 4 people. Furthermore, Eurostat data for each country were used to calculate the population distribution in the respective age class and household size as quotas for the consumer survey distribution in each country. Before starting the analyses, the validity of each dataset was controlled with the aid of control questions. After excluding the outlier data, the number of the panel diminished from 5,100 to 4,843. The primary outcome of the study is European consumers are willing to save water and energy in a laundry washing but reluctant to use long programme cycles since they don’t believe that the long cycles could be energy-saving. However, the results of our survey don’t confirm that there is a relation between frequency of using Standard cotton (Eco) or Energy-saving programmes and the duration of the programmes. It might be explained by the fact that the majority of washing programmes used by consumers do not take so long, perhaps consumers just choose some additional time reduction option when selecting those programmes and this finding might be changed if the Energy-saving programmes take longer. Therefore, it may be assumed that introducing the programme duration as a new measure on a revised energy label would strongly influence the consumer at the point of sale. Furthermore, results of the survey confirm that consumers are more willing to use lower temperature programmes in order to save energy than accepting longer programme cycles and majority of them accept deviation from the nominal temperature of the programme as long as the results are good. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duration" title="duration">duration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-saving" title=" energy-saving"> energy-saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20programmes" title=" standard programmes"> standard programmes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=washing%20temperature" title=" washing temperature"> washing temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48126/consumers-attitude-toward-the-latest-trends-in-decreasing-energy-consumption-of-washing-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=7%20eleven%20shop&page=12" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=7%20eleven%20shop&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=7%20eleven%20shop&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=7%20eleven%20shop&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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