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</div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-牛頓第一運動定律" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#牛頓第一運動定律"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>牛頓第一運動定律</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-牛頓第一運動定律-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-牛頓第二運動定律" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#牛頓第二運動定律"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>牛頓第二運動定律</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-牛頓第二運動定律-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-牛頓第三運動定律" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#牛頓第三運動定律"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>牛頓第三運動定律</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-牛頓第三運動定律-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-牛頓定律適用范围" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#牛頓定律適用范围"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>牛頓定律適用范围</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-牛頓定律適用范围-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-與守恆定律之間的關係" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#與守恆定律之間的關係"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>與守恆定律之間的關係</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-與守恆定律之間的關係-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參閱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參閱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參閱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參閱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">牛顿运动定律</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。116种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_se_bewegingswette" title="Newton se bewegingswette – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Newton se bewegingswette" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonsche_Gesetze" title="Newtonsche Gesetze – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Newtonsche Gesetze" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9" title="قوانين نيوتن للحركة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوانين نيوتن للحركة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="নিউটনৰ গতিৰ সূত্ৰ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নিউটনৰ গতিৰ সূত্ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleis_de_Newton" title="Lleis de Newton – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lleis de Newton" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuton_qanunlar%C4%B1" title="Nyuton qanunları – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nyuton qanunları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="نیوتونون حرکت قانونلاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیوتونون حرکت قانونلاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_gerak_Newton" title="Hukum gerak Newton – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Hukum gerak Newton" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonsche_Axiome" title="Newtonsche Axiome – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Newtonsche Axiome" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Законы Ньютана – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Законы Ньютана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Законы Ньютана – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Законы Ньютана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Закони на Нютон – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Закони на Нютон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="न्यूटन के गति के नियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="न्यूटन के गति के नियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="নিউটনের গতিসূত্রসমূহ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিউটনের গতিসূত্রসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonovi_zakoni_kretanja" title="Newtonovi zakoni kretanja – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Newtonovi zakoni kretanja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Ньютоной хуулинууд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ньютоной хуулинууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleis_de_Newton" title="Lleis de Newton – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lleis de Newton" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_%C3%B4ng-d%C3%B4ng_d%C3%AAng-l%C5%ADk" title="Newton ông-dông dêng-lŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Newton ông-dông dêng-lŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86" title="یاساکانی جووڵەی نیوتن – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یاساکانی جووڵەی نیوتن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonovy_pohybov%C3%A9_z%C3%A1kony" title="Newtonovy pohybové zákony – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Newtonovy pohybové zákony" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ньютон саккунĕсем – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ньютон саккунĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deddfau_mudiant_Newton" title="Deddfau mudiant Newton – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Deddfau mudiant Newton" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtons_love" title="Newtons love – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Newtons love" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonsche_Gesetze" title="Newtonsche Gesetze – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Newtonsche Gesetze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Νόμοι κίνησης του Νεύτωνα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νόμοι κίνησης του Νεύτωνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion" title="Newton's laws of motion – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Newton's laws of motion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%9Doj_de_Newton_pri_movo" title="Leĝoj de Newton pri movo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Leĝoj de Newton pri movo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyes_de_Newton" title="Leyes de Newton – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leyes de Newton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtoni_seadused" title="Newtoni seadused – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Newtoni seadused" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonen_legeak" title="Newtonen legeak – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Newtonen legeak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86" title="قوانین حرکت نیوتن – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوانین حرکت نیوتن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonin_lait" title="Newtonin lait – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Newtonin lait" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois_du_mouvement_de_Newton" title="Lois du mouvement de Newton – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lois du mouvement de Newton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetten_fan_Newton" title="Wetten fan Newton – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wetten fan Newton" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dl%C3%ADthe_gluaisne_Newton" title="Dlíthe gluaisne Newton – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dlíthe gluaisne Newton" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalwa_di_mouvman_di_Newton" title="Lalwa di mouvman di Newton – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lalwa di mouvman di Newton" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leis_de_Newton" title="Leis de Newton – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Leis de Newton" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B" title="ગતિના નિયમો – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગતિના નિયમો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="חוקי התנועה של ניוטון – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוקי התנועה של ניוטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="न्यूटन के गति नियम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्यूटन के गति नियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonovi_zakoni_gibanja" title="Newtonovi zakoni gibanja – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Newtonovi zakoni gibanja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwa_mouvman_Newton" title="Lwa mouvman Newton – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lwa mouvman Newton" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_t%C3%B6rv%C3%A9nyei" title="Newton törvényei – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Newton törvényei" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Նյուտոնի օրենքներ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյուտոնի օրենքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Նիւթոնի շարժման օրէնքներ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նիւթոնի շարժման օրէնքներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leges_de_Newton" title="Leges de Newton – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Leges de Newton" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_gerak_Newton" title="Hukum gerak Newton – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hukum gerak Newton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legi_di_Newton" title="Legi di Newton – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Legi di Newton" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6gm%C3%A1l_Newtons" title="Lögmál Newtons – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lögmál Newtons" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principi_della_dinamica" title="Principi della dinamica – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Principi della dinamica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="ニュートン力学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニュートン力学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuutan_laa_a_muoshan" title="Nyuutan laa a muoshan – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Nyuutan laa a muoshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ნიუტონის კანონები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიუტონის კანონები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_ciiduu_pa%C9%A3t%CA%8B_nd%C9%A9_nd%C9%A9" title="Newton ciiduu paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Newton ciiduu paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawatho_matano_ma_Newton" title="Mawatho matano ma Newton – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mawatho matano ma Newton" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ньютон заңдары – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ньютон заңдары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93" title="ច្បាប់ចលនារបស់ញូតុន – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ច្បាប់ចលនារបស់ញូតុន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ನ್ಯೂಟನ್‍ನ ಚಲನೆಯ ನಿಯಮಗಳು – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನ್ಯೂಟನ್‍ನ ಚಲನೆಯ ನಿಯಮಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%ED%84%B4_%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="뉴턴 운동 법칙 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴턴 운동 법칙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leges_motus_Newtoni" title="Leges motus Newtoni – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Leges motus Newtoni" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A8tte_van_Newton" title="Wètte van Newton – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wètte van Newton" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutono_d%C4%97sniai" title="Niutono dėsniai – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Niutono dėsniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%85%C5%ABtona_likumi" title="Ņūtona likumi – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ņūtona likumi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="न्युटनक गति नियम – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="न्युटनक गति नियम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Њутнови закони – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Њутнови закони" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ന്യൂട്ടന്റെ ചലനനിയമങ്ങൾ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ന്യൂട്ടന്റെ ചലനനിയമങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Ньютоны хуулиуд – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ньютоны хуулиуд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="न्यूटनचे गतीचे नियम – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="न्यूटनचे गतीचे नियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum-hukum_gerakan_Newton" title="Hukum-hukum gerakan Newton – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hukum-hukum gerakan Newton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="နယူတန်၏ ရွေ့လျားမှုဆိုင်ရာ နိယာမများ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နယူတန်၏ ရွေ့လျားမှုဆိုင်ရာ နိယာမများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_zien_wetten" title="Newton zien wetten – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Newton zien wetten" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="न्युटनको गतिका नियमहरू – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="न्युटनको गतिका नियमहरू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetten_van_Newton" title="Wetten van Newton – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wetten van Newton" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtons_r%C3%B8rslelover" title="Newtons rørslelover – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Newtons rørslelover" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtons_bevegelseslover" title="Newtons bevegelseslover – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Newtons bevegelseslover" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leis_de_Newton" title="Leis de Newton – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Leis de Newton" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%AE" title="ਨਿਊਟਨ ਦੇ ਗਤੀ ਦੇ ਨਿਯਮ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਊਟਨ ਦੇ ਗਤੀ ਦੇ ਨਿਯਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zasady_dynamiki_Newtona" title="Zasady dynamiki Newtona – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zasady dynamiki Newtona" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lej_d%C3%ABl_moviment_%C3%ABd_Newton" title="Lej dël moviment ëd Newton – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lej dël moviment ëd Newton" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%92_%DA%86%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%92_%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="نیوٹن دے چلن دے قنون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیوٹن دے چلن دے قنون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%DA%81%DA%9A%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%A7%DA%93%D9%87_%D8%AF_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BC%D9%86_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="د خوځښت په اړه د نیوټن قوانین – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د خوځښت په اړه د نیوټن قوانین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leis_de_Newton" title="Leis de Newton – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leis de Newton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legile_lui_Newton" title="Legile lui Newton – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legile lui Newton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Законы Ньютона – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Законы Ньютона" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Ньютоновы законы рушаня – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ньютоновы законы рушаня" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ньютон сокуоннара – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ньютон сокуоннара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liggi_di_Newton" title="Liggi di Newton – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Liggi di Newton" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%BD%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%AA%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="نيوٽن جا حرڪت جا قانون – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نيوٽن جا حرڪت جا قانون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonovi_zakoni_kretanja" title="Newtonovi zakoni kretanja – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Newtonovi zakoni kretanja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islgan_n_umussu_n_Nyu%E1%B9%ADun" title="Islgan n umussu n Nyuṭun – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Islgan n umussu n Nyuṭun" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B3_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8" title="චලිතය පිළිබඳ නිව්ටන් නියම – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චලිතය පිළිබඳ නිව්ටන් නියම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion" title="Newton's laws of motion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Newton's laws of motion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonove_pohybov%C3%A9_z%C3%A1kony" title="Newtonove pohybové zákony – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Newtonove pohybové zákony" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%BE%DB%81%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="نیوٹن دا پہلا قنون – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="نیوٹن دا پہلا قنون" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonovi_zakoni_gibanja" title="Newtonovi zakoni gibanja – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Newtonovi zakoni gibanja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitemo_yaNewton_paMuhambo" title="Mitemo yaNewton paMuhambo – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mitemo yaNewton paMuhambo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligjet_e_Njutonit" title="Ligjet e Njutonit – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ligjet e Njutonit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Њутнови закони – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Њутнови закони" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_gerak_Newton" title="Hukum gerak Newton – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hukum gerak Newton" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtons_r%C3%B6relselagar" title="Newtons rörelselagar – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Newtons rörelselagar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="நியூட்டனின் இயக்க விதிகள் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியூட்டனின் இயக்க விதிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="న్యూటన్ సూత్రాలు – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="న్యూటన్ సూత్రాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="กฎการเคลื่อนที่ของนิวตัน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กฎการเคลื่อนที่ของนิวตัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_batas_ng_mosyon_ni_Newton" title="Mga batas ng mosyon ni Newton – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga batas ng mosyon ni Newton" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27un_hareket_yasalar%C4%B1" title="Newton'un hareket yasaları – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Newton'un hareket yasaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ньютон законнары – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ньютон законнары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Закони Ньютона – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Закони Ньютона" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="نیوٹن کے قوانین حرکت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیوٹن کے قوانین حرکت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_qonunlari" title="Newton qonunlari – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Newton qonunlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1c_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_lu%E1%BA%ADt_v%E1%BB%81_chuy%E1%BB%83n_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng_c%E1%BB%A7a_Newton" title="Các định luật về chuyển động của Newton – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Các định luật về chuyển động của Newton" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaod_nga_mosyon_ha_Newton" title="Balaod nga mosyon ha Newton – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Balaod nga mosyon ha Newton" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="牛顿运动定律 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="牛顿运动定律" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%B2fin_%C3%ACm%C3%BAr%C3%ACn_Newton" title="Àwọn òfin ìmúrìn Newton – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn òfin ìmúrìn Newton" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="牛頓定律 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="牛頓定律" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="牛頓運動定律 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="牛頓運動定律" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imithetho_yomdiki_kaNewton" title="Imithetho yomdiki kaNewton – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Imithetho yomdiki kaNewton" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38433#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="牛顿定律">牛顿定律</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-5ff6fd68" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Physics"></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newtons_laws_in_latin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Newtons_laws_in_latin.jpg/250px-Newtons_laws_in_latin.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Newtons_laws_in_latin.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>在巨著《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="自然哲學的數學原理">自然哲學的數學原理</a>》1687年版本裡，以<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁文</a>撰寫的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛顿第一定律">牛頓第一定律</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛頓第二定律">牛頓第二定律</a>。</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><small>本条目中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F" title="向量">向量</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E9%87%8F_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="标量 (数学)">标量</a>分別用<a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F#字體#正粗體" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:數學公式">粗體</a>與<a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F#斜體" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:數學公式">斜體</a>顯示。例如，位置向量通常用 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {r} \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {r} \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3a1ffb0f7dee0c7f11111906fe55becd542d4d82" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.489ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {r} \,\!}"></span> 表示；而其大小則用 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86937851b7cb70e8802197a7b5ddcf39c0b02445" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.436ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r\,\!}"></span> 來表示。</small></dd></dl> <p><b>牛頓運動定律</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Newton's laws of motion</span>）描述施加於<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="物體">物體</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B" title="力">外力</a>與物體所呈現出的運動彼此之間的關係。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>這定律被譽為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="經典力學">經典力學</a>的基礎，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>物理泰斗<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="艾薩克·牛頓">艾薩克·牛頓</a>所提出的三條運動定律的總稱。這定律的現代版本通常表述為<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday_88_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday_88-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Young2011_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>第一定律</b>：假若施加於某物體的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B" title="力">外力</a>為零，則該物體的運動<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="速度">速度</a>不變（<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A3%E6%80%A7" title="慣性">慣性</a>定律）</li> <li><b>第二定律</b>：施加於物體的外力等於此物體的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="質量">質量</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="加速度">加速度</a>的乘積（加速度定律）</li> <li><b>第三定律</b>：當兩個物體相互作用於對方時，彼此施加於對方的力，其大小相等、方向相反（作用力與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="反作用力">反作用力</a>定律）</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="牛頓">牛頓</a>在發表於1687年7月5日的巨著《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="自然哲學的數學原理">自然哲學的數學原理</a>》裏提出這三條定律。<sup id="cite_ref-Newton83_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newton83-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>他將先前<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%C2%B7%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E8%8E%B1" title="伽利略·伽利莱">伽利略·伽利萊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF" title="克里斯蒂安·惠更斯">克里斯蒂安·惠更斯</a>等等物理大師想出的一些動力學原理整理並發展成為這三條精練簡要的定律。<sup id="cite_ref-Ray76_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray76-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>牛頓應用這些定律來分析各種各樣的動力學運動。例如，牛頓應用這些定律與<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E8%90%AC%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛頓萬有引力定律">牛頓萬有引力定律</a>來解釋<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%9C%E5%8B%92%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="克卜勒行星運動定律">克卜勒行星運動定律</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_2002_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen_2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概述"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.BF.B0"></span>概述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/200px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/300px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/400px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="1916" /></a><figcaption>物理界的泰斗<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF" title="艾萨克·牛顿">艾萨克·牛顿</a>。</figcaption></figure> <p>在應用牛頓運動定律之前，必需先將物體理想化為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E7%82%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="质点">质点</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。在物理學裡，质点又可稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="粒子">粒子</a>，是被理想化成為一個只具有質量，不具有結構的物體。質點只能夠進行<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%A7%BB%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="平移运动">平移運動</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%BA%A6_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="自由度 (物理学)">自由度</a>為3。当與分析所涉及的距離相比較，物體的尺寸顯得很微小，或者，當只考虑物体受的外力，而物體本身的内部结构、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%AE%8A" title="形變">形變</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="旋轉">旋轉</a>、温度等對於分析並不重要，對於這兩類案例，质点模型适用。舉例而言，在計算棒球的飛行軌道時，可以將棒球理想化為質點，在分析<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="行星">行星</a>環繞<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="恆星">恆星</a>的軌道運動時，行星與恆星都可以被理想化為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E7%82%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="质点">质点</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Iro15_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iro15-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taylor13_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor13-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>原初版本的牛頓運動定律只適用於描述質點的動力學，不具有足夠功能來描述<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%9B%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="剛體">剛體</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E6%80%A7%E8%AE%8A%E5%BD%A2" title="塑性變形">可變形體</a>的運動。1750年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E6%98%82%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89" title="萊昂哈德·歐拉">歐拉</a>在牛頓運動定律的基礎上，推導出能夠應用於剛體的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="歐拉運動定律">歐拉運動定律</a>。後來，這定律又被應用於假定為<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%BA%8C%E4%BB%8B%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="連續介質">連續介質</a>的可變形體。<sup id="cite_ref-Beatty_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beatty-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taylor681_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor681-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>假若物體被視為一群離散质点的組合，而其中每一個质点都遵守牛頓運動定律，則可以從牛頓運動定律推導出歐拉運動定律。可是，歐拉運動定律也可以直接被視為描述大塊物體運動的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86" title="公理">公理</a>，完全不涉及到物體的內部結構。<sup id="cite_ref-Lubliner27_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lubliner27-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>牛頓運動定律只成立於<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%AF%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E7%B3%BB" title="惯性参考系">慣性參考系</a>，又稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%AF%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E7%B3%BB" title="惯性参考系">牛頓參考系</a>。有些學者喜歡用第一定律來定義慣性參考系。假若採用這觀點，則由於只有從慣性參考系觀察，第二定律才成立，所以，不能從第二定律以特例的方式來推導出第一定律。另外又有一些學者青睞將第一定律視為第二定律的推論，而第二定律則是力的定義。<sup id="cite_ref-O'Sullivan1980_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Sullivan1980-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在整個牛頓運動定律裡，力的概念扮演不可或缺的角色。第一定律聚焦於在零外力狀況下物體的運動狀態。第二定律探討在各種不同外力作用下物體的運動狀態。第三定律描述從物體與物體之間因相互作用而產生的力所具有的性質。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="牛頓第一運動定律"><span id=".E7.89.9B.E9.A0.93.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E9.81.8B.E5.8B.95.E5.AE.9A.E5.BE.8B"></span>牛頓第一運動定律</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：牛頓第一運動定律"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛頓第一運動定律">牛頓第一運動定律</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A3%E6%80%A7" title="慣性">慣性</a></div> <p>又称“<b>惯性定律</b>”（<span lang="en">law of inertia</span>）<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。牛頓第一定律表明，假若施加於某物體的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B" title="力">外力</a>為零，則該物體的運動<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="速度">速度</a>不變。速度是向量，速度包括了運動的大小與方向。以方程式表達，<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday_88_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday_88-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum _{i}\mathbf {F} _{i}=0\Rightarrow {\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {v} }{\mathrm {d} t}}=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">⇒</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">v</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum _{i}\mathbf {F} _{i}=0\Rightarrow {\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {v} }{\mathrm {d} t}}=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/39237e483fe8f429c79d41aba6772b0ead02075b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:21.9ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum _{i}\mathbf {F} _{i}=0\Rightarrow {\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {v} }{\mathrm {d} t}}=0}"></span>；</dd></dl> <p>其中，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5d49039f831a156e0c33270962d8d159d553a8bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.482ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{i}}"></span>是第<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>i</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.802ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i}"></span>個外力，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {v} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">v</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {v} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/35c1866e359fbfd2e0f606c725ba5cc37a5195d6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.411ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {v} }"></span>是速度，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}"></span>是時間。 </p><p>根據這定律， </p> <ul><li>靜止的物體會保持靜止，直到有外力施加於這物體为止。</li> <li>運動中的物體會維持其運動速度的大小與方向，直到有外力施加於這物體为止。</li></ul> <p>根據第一定律，從測量物體的運動速度是否改變，可以判斷是否有外力作用於物體。<sup id="cite_ref-Maxwell27_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maxwell27-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>注意到上述句子並未對於力給出嚴格定義，這可以用<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89" title="操作定义">操作定義</a>的方法來完成。兩個同樣的彈簧，假若被壓縮同樣的距離，則其各自產生的「彈力」（一種物理現象）必定相等。將這兩個彈簧<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A6%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="並聯">並聯</a>，可以產生兩倍的彈力。將一物體的兩邊分別連接這兩個彈簧的末端，使彈力的作用方向相反，則作用於物體的淨力為零。為了對於彈力給出定量描述，設定「標準單位力」為某特定彈簧壓縮特定距離所產生的彈力。任意數量的標準單位力都可以用幾個彈簧所組成的系統來實現。彈簧系統這可以用來做測量實驗，對於任意力給予比較，給出它的測量值。<sup id="cite_ref-O'Sullivan1980_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Sullivan1980-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在做實驗驗證第一定律之時，必須測量速度與時間，這涉及到參考系的設定。因此，可以更詳細地將第一定律表明為<sup id="cite_ref-French162_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French162-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>採用某種參考系來做測量，假若施加於一個物體的外力為零，則該物體的運動速度不變。</p></blockquote> <p>在宇宙中，存在著無數可能的參考系，在這些參考系中，滿足第一定律的參考系稱為「慣性參考系」，而其它不滿足第一定律的參考系稱為「非慣性參考系」。從觀察不受力物體的行為，就可以辨別出哪種是慣性參考系，哪種不是慣性參考系。因此，在本章節論述裡，第一定律可以被視為慣性參考系的定義。牛頓在《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="自然哲學的數學原理">自然哲學的數學原理</a>》裏採用就是這種詮釋。<sup id="cite_ref-O'Sullivan1980_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Sullivan1980-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>還有其它種詮釋，例如，基尔霍夫詮釋、愛因斯坦詮釋等等。更多內容，請點閱條目<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="牛顿第一运动定律">牛顿第一运动定律</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="牛頓第二運動定律"><span id=".E7.89.9B.E9.A0.93.E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E9.81.8B.E5.8B.95.E5.AE.9A.E5.BE.8B"></span>牛頓第二運動定律</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：牛頓第二運動定律"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="牛頓第二運動定律">牛頓第二運動定律</a></div> <p>牛頓第二定律表明，施加於物體的外力等於<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="質量">質量</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="加速度">加速度</a>的乘積。這定律又稱為「加速度定律」。以方程式表達，<sup id="cite_ref-French161_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French161-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =m\mathbf {a} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">a</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =m\mathbf {a} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d0c60fab89e8c3193952047dc565bcf8d233d115" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.121ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =m\mathbf {a} }"></span>；</dd></dl> <p>其中，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da18bef8c979f3548bb0d8976f5844012d7b8256" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.683ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} }"></span>是外力，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.04ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m}"></span>是質量，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {a} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">a</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {a} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1a957216653a9ee0d0133dcefd13fb75e36b8b9d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.299ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {a} }"></span>是加速度。 </p><p>第二定律也可以用動量來表明，即施加於物體的外力等於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="動量">動量</a>的變率： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} ={\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {p} }{\mathrm {d} t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">p</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} ={\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {p} }{\mathrm {d} t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1738cbe14085332f1dc18499c2b47ac496cd09b4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:8.395ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} ={\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {p} }{\mathrm {d} t}}}"></span>；</dd></dl> <p>其中，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {p} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">p</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {p} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dd73e3862cb92b016721b8c492eadb4e8a577527" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.485ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {p} }"></span>是動量，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}"></span>是時間。 </p><p>由於動量等於質量乘以速度，所以，假若質量不變，則可得到加速度定律，假若質量隨著時間流易而改變，則該系統為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%AE%8A%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="可變質量系統">可變質量系統</a>，必須將時變質量納入考量，更多內容，請參閱<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%AE%8A%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="可變質量系統">可變質量系統</a>。 </p><p>假設施加外力於某物體，則由於該物體的加速度只與外力、質量有關，在任何狀況下，質量不變的物體都會表現出同樣的加速度：<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {a} =\mathbf {F} /m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">a</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {a} =\mathbf {F} /m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/38034156225231c906b1c1a777fc77bbfde60f6c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.284ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {a} =\mathbf {F} /m}"></span>。</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>採用<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國際標準制">國際標準制</a>，力、加速度、質量的單位分別規定為<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93_(%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D)" title="牛頓 (單位)">牛頓</a>（N）、公尺每秒平方（m/s<sup>2</sup>），公斤（kg）。施加1牛顿的力於質量為1公斤的物體，則使此物體的加速度為1m/s<sup>2</sup>。也就是說，<sup id="cite_ref-Serway102_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Serway102-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\mathrm {N} =1\mathrm {kg} \cdot \mathrm {m} /\mathrm {s} ^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\mathrm {N} =1\mathrm {kg} \cdot \mathrm {m} /\mathrm {s} ^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3c9aa52c284dea3bfb7da39526ac8626de7241e1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.304ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\mathrm {N} =1\mathrm {kg} \cdot \mathrm {m} /\mathrm {s} ^{2}}"></span>。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="牛頓第三運動定律"><span id=".E7.89.9B.E9.A0.93.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E9.81.8B.E5.8B.95.E5.AE.9A.E5.BE.8B"></span>牛頓第三運動定律</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：牛頓第三運動定律"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛顿第三定律">牛頓第三定律</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="反作用力">反作用力</a></div> <p>牛頓第三定律表明，當兩個物體相互作用時，彼此施加於對方的力，其大小相等、方向相反。根據第三定律，力是物體與物體之間的交互作用，力必會成雙結對地出現，其中一道力稱為「作用力」，而另一道力則稱為「反作用力」。<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>這兩道力的大小相等、方向相反。在這兩道力之間，任何一道力都可以被稱為作用力，而其對應的力自然成為伴隨的反作用力。這成對的作用力與反作用力稱為「配對力」。第三定律又稱為「作用與反作用定律」。<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday_99_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday_99-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>第三定律以方程式表達為 </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum \mathbf {F} _{A,B}=-\sum \mathbf {F} _{B,A}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∑</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mo>∑</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum \mathbf {F} _{A,B}=-\sum \mathbf {F} _{B,A}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e1702771cf8544a9ffacbc159f99f86b8eececa2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:22.482ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum \mathbf {F} _{A,B}=-\sum \mathbf {F} _{B,A}}"></span> ；</dd></dl> <p>其中，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{A,B}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{A,B}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dfec5b0a5e34e538dadb5cdd62b447430315766e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.852ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{A,B}}"></span> 是物體B施加於物體A的力，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{B,A}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{B,A}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af200a7a283e74cdc4532dbd8645a2b6ec111070" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.852ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{B,A}}"></span> 是物體A施加於物體B的力。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="牛頓定律適用范围"><span id=".E7.89.9B.E9.A0.93.E5.AE.9A.E5.BE.8B.E9.81.A9.E7.94.A8.E8.8C.83.E5.9B.B4"></span>牛頓定律適用范围</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：牛頓定律適用范围"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在過去兩百年中，物理學者完成了很多個檢驗核對牛頓運動定律的實驗與觀測，對於一般的狀況，牛頓定律能夠計算出很好的近似结果。牛頓定律、牛頓萬有引力定律、微積分數學方法，這些理論從所未有地對於各種各樣的物理現象給出了一致的定量解釋。 </p><p>對於某些狀況，牛頓運動定律並不適用，這時候需要更進階的物理理論。超高速或非常強烈重力場的狀況下，我們需要<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="相對論">相對論</a>修正和解釋一些天體運動和現象，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E" title="黑洞">黑洞</a>。在原子尺寸，我們需要<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="量子力學">量子力學</a>解釋原子的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%84%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C" title="發射光譜">發射光譜</a>等物理現象。但是現代工程學裏，對於一般應用案例，像車輛或飛機的運動，牛頓運動定律已能準確地解釋和計算工程師遇到的問題。所以，牛顿运动定律仍是中學物理科、大學工程和理科學生的必修和基礎部份。 </p><p>假若要將<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AD%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" title="狭义相对论">狹義相對論</a>效應納入考量，則必須修改第二定律。因為當速度接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%80%9F" title="光速">光速</a>時，物體受到的淨外力就不能精確地表示為<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%B9%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" title="狹義相對論中的質量">靜質量</a>與加速度的乘積了。詳盡細節，請參閱條目<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%B6%AD%E7%9F%A2%E9%87%8F#四維力" title="四維矢量">四維力</a>。第三定律也不適用於狹義相對論，這是因為<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AD%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA#同時之相對性" title="狭义相对论">同時性之相對性</a>無法實現於第三定律。對於不是直接互相接觸，而是相隔有限距離的兩個物體，第三定律假定物體與物體之間的作用為瞬時的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%B7%9D%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="超距作用"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000003D-QINU`"'</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="action at a distance">超距作用</span></a>。假設互相作用的兩個物體相隔一段距離，從參考系A觀測，在時間<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}"></span>，兩個物體彼此施加於對方的力分別為<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} (t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} (t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e6021e03ed38ee7ada97d1f9e95e14b51f9af962" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.332ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} (t)}"></span>，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -\mathbf {F} (t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -\mathbf {F} (t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3d2fb6faeb5ece35a34f89a3bb027a96b8974475" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.14ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -\mathbf {F} (t)}"></span>。但是從另外一個以相對速度<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {v} \neq 0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">v</mi> </mrow> <mo>≠</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {v} \neq 0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4b9d8377af2a91280f8386a7d04d3cfc5cba4a2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.672ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {v} \neq 0}"></span>的參考系B觀測，這兩個力的施加的時間不同，所以，第三定律不成立，需要加以修改。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="與守恆定律之間的關係"><span id=".E8.88.87.E5.AE.88.E6.81.86.E5.AE.9A.E5.BE.8B.E4.B9.8B.E9.96.93.E7.9A.84.E9.97.9C.E4.BF.82"></span>與守恆定律之間的關係</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：與守恆定律之間的關係"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在現代物理學裏，動量、角動量、能量的守恆定律比牛頓定律更為基礎，因為這些守恆定律既適用於光波，也适用于物質，既适用于經典物理，也适用于非經典物理。這些守恆定律表明，在一個物理系統裏， </p> <ul><li>動量不能凭空生成或湮滅。</li> <li>角動量不能凭空生成或湮滅。</li> <li>能量不能凭空生成或湮滅。</li></ul> <p>由於力是動量對於時間的導數，與動量守恆的概念相比，力的概念顯得多餘與次要。量子力學、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="量子電動力學">量子電動力學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96" title="廣義相對論">廣義相對論</a>等等，這些現代物理基礎理論都沒有使用到力的概念。根据<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="标准模型">標準模型</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%8A%9B" title="電磁力">電磁力</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="弱相互作用">弱核力</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="强相互作用">強核力</a>，這三種稱為<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%BA" title="规范场论">規範力</a>的基礎力，可以解释为<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="虛粒子">虛粒子</a>的交換<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參閱"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E9.96.B1"></span>參閱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：參閱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/37px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/49px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:物理">物理主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2%E9%AB%94%E5%9C%96" title="隔離體圖">隔離體圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="物理学定律列表">物理学定律列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%89%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="牛頓旋轉軌道定理">牛頓旋轉軌道定理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F#公轉" title="水星">水星運動軌道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="修正牛頓動力學"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="modified Newtonian dynamics">修正牛頓動力學</span></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[...]牛頓在使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="物體">物體</a>這術語時，並沒有給予嚴格定義，而<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E6%98%82%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89" title="萊昂哈德·歐拉">萊昂哈德·歐拉</a>則察覺，只有當物體的質量都集中於孤獨一點之時，牛頓的語句通常才會正確無誤，歐拉因此引入了<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%BB%9E" title="質點">質點</a>的概念。<sup id="cite_ref-Truesdell207_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Truesdell207-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">按照狹義相對論，加速度與物體的速度有關，因為，在高速度狀況下，物體的質量與速度有關：<sup id="cite_ref-French161_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French161-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m(v)={\frac {m_{0}}{(1-v^{2}/c^{2})^{1/2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m(v)={\frac {m_{0}}{(1-v^{2}/c^{2})^{1/2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f948e859c1353a2d34b1d077f760601662d56c06" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:22.828ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m(v)={\frac {m_{0}}{(1-v^{2}/c^{2})^{1/2}}}}"></span>；</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd>其中，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m(v)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m(v)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/425a15be3154bd4ff922258ef203172c21ffee64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.977ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m(v)}"></span>是物體的質量，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3a6ff51ee949104fe6fae553cfbdfba29d5fac1e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.095ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{0}}"></span>是靜質量，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e07b00e7fc0847fbd16391c778d65bc25c452597" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.128ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v}"></span>是物體的速度，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}"></span>是光速。</dd></dl> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">牛頓在《自然哲學的數學原理》裏表明，並不是太陽用一道作用力吸引木星，木星又用另一道作用力吸引太陽，而是太陽與木星彼此用一道作用力相互吸引靠近對方。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Newtons-laws-of-motion">Newton's laws of motion</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-12-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210328071444/https://www.britannica.com/science/Newtons-laws-of-motion">存档</a>于2021-03-28）. <q>relations between the forces acting on a body and the motion of the body</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.atitle=Newton%27s+laws+of+motion&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2FNewtons-laws-of-motion&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halliday_88-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday_88_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday_88_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHallidayResnickWalker2005">Halliday, Resnick & Walker 2005</a>，第88f頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Young2011-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Young2011_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYoungFreedmanFord2011">Young, Freedman & Ford 2011</a>，第104頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newton83-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newton83_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewton1846">Newton 1846</a>，第83-93頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ray76-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ray76_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRay1910">Ray 1910</a>，第76頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen_2002-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_2002_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohenSmith2002">Cohen & Smith 2002</a>，第202f頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Truesdell207-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Truesdell207_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTruesdellBecchiBenvenuto2003">Truesdell, Becchi & Benvenuto 2003</a>，第207頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iro15-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Iro15_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIro2002">Iro 2002</a>，第15頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor13-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taylor13_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2005">Taylor 2005</a>，第13, 681頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beatty-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beatty_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeatty2006">Beatty 2006</a>，第24頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor681-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taylor681_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2005">Taylor 2005</a>，第681頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lubliner27-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lubliner27_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLubliner2008">Lubliner 2008</a>，第27-28頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Sullivan1980-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O'Sullivan1980_14-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Sullivan1980_14-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Sullivan1980_14-2"><sup><b>13.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFO'Sullivan1980" class="citation">O'Sullivan, Colm, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aapt.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1119/1.12186?journalCode=ajp">Newton's Laws of Motion: Some interpretations of the formalism</a>, American Journal of Physics, 1980, <b>48</b> (2): 131–133 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-20</span>]</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1119%2F1.12186"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1119/1.12186</span></a>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502030011/https://aapt.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1119/1.12186?journalCode=ajp">存档</a>于2019-05-02）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.atitle=Newton%27s+Laws+of+Motion%3A+Some+interpretations+of+the+formalism&rft.aufirst=Colm&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.date=1980&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physics&rft.pages=131-133&rft.volume=48&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faapt.scitation.org%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1119%2F1.12186%3FjournalCode%3Dajp&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1119%2F1.12186&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRigden1998" class="citation">Rigden, John, High thoughts about Newton's First Law, American Journal of Physics, 1998, <b>55</b> (4): 297, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1119%2F1.15191"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1119/1.15191</span></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.atitle=High+thoughts+about+Newton%27s+First+Law&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Rigden&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physics&rft.pages=297&rft.volume=55&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1119%2F1.15191&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1986" class="citation">Brown, David, Students' concept of force: the importance of understanding Newton's third law, Physics Education, 1986, <b>24</b> (6): 353, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0031-9120%2F24%2F6%2F007"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1088/0031-9120/24/6/007</span></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.atitle=Students%27+concept+of+force%3A+the+importance+of+understanding+Newton%27s+third+law&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Physics+Education&rft.pages=353&rft.volume=24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0031-9120%2F24%2F6%2F007&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">物理学名词审定委员会．物理学名词 [S/OL]．全国科学技术名词审定委员会,公布. 3版．北京：科学出版社, 2019: 20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.sciencereading.cn/shop/book/Booksimple/show.do?id=B8305590F44964E92E053020B0A0A4FA7000">科学文库</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20240502182204/https://book.sciencereading.cn/shop/book/Booksimple/show.do?id=B8305590F44964E92E053020B0A0A4FA7000">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maxwell27-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maxwell27_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF馬克士威1878">馬克士威 1878</a>，第27頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French162-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French162_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrench1971">French 1971</a>，第162-163頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French161-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-French161_20-0"><sup><b>19.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-French161_20-1"><sup><b>19.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrench1971">French 1971</a>，第161-172頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Serway102-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Serway102_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSerway2006">Serway 2006</a>，第102頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">C Hellingman. Newton's third law revisited. Phys. Educ. 1992, <b>27</b> (2): 112–115. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992PhyEd..27..112H"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1992PhyEd..27..112H</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0031-9120%2F27%2F2%2F011"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1088/0031-9120/27/2/011</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.atitle=Newton%27s+third+law+revisited&rft.au=C+Hellingman&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Phys.+Educ.&rft.pages=112-115&rft.volume=27&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992PhyEd..27..112H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0031-9120%2F27%2F2%2F011&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halliday_99-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Halliday_99_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHallidayResnickWalker2005">Halliday, Resnick & Walker 2005</a>，第99-100頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">斯蒂芬·霍金，《时间简史》，第5章.</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBeatty2006" class="citation">Beatty, Millard, Principles of engineering mechanics Volume 2 of Principles of Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics-The Analysis of Motion,, Springer, 2006, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0387237046" title="Special:网络书源/0387237046"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0387237046</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.aufirst=Millard&rft.aulast=Beatty&rft.btitle=Principles+of+engineering+mechanics+Volume+2+of+Principles+of+Engineering+Mechanics%3A+Dynamics-The+Analysis+of+Motion%2C&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0387237046&rft.pub=Springer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCohenSmith2002" class="citation">Cohen, I. Bernard; Smith, George, The Cambridge Companion to Newton, Cambridge University Press, 2002, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-65696-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-65696-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-65696-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.au=Smith%2C+George&rft.aufirst=I.+Bernard&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Newton&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65696-2&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFrench1971" class="citation">French, Anthony, Newtonian Mechanics, 1971</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.aulast=French&rft.btitle=Newtonian+Mechanics&rft.date=1971&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHallidayResnickWalker2005" class="citation">Halliday, David; Resnick, Robert; Walker, Jerl, Fundamental of Physics 7th, USA: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2005, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-471-23231-9" title="Special:网络书源/0-471-23231-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-471-23231-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.au=Resnick%2C+Robert&rft.au=Walker%2C+Jerl&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Halliday&rft.btitle=Fundamental+of+Physics&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=7th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-471-23231-9&rft.place=USA&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIro2002" class="citation">Iro, Harald, A Modern Approach to Classical Mechanics, World Scientific, 2002, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-981-238-213-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-981-238-213-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-981-238-213-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft.aulast=Iro&rft.btitle=A+Modern+Approach+to+Classical+Mechanics&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-981-238-213-9&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLubliner2008" class="citation">Lubliner, Jacob, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100331022415/http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~coby/plas/pdf/book.pdf">Plasticity Theory (Revised Edition)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, Dover Publications: pp. 27–28, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0486462900" title="Special:网络书源/0486462900"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0486462900</a>, （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~coby/plas/pdf/book.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2010-03-31）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft.aulast=Lubliner&rft.btitle=Plasticity+Theory+%28Revised+Edition%29&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0486462900&rft.pages=pp.+27-28&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ce.berkeley.edu%2F~coby%2Fplas%2Fpdf%2Fbook.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF馬克士威1878" class="citation"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E5%A3%AB%E5%A8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="詹姆斯·馬克士威">馬克士威, 詹姆斯</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/matterandmotion02maxwgoog">Matter and Motion</a>, D.Van Nostrand, 1878</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.aufirst=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF&rft.aulast=%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E5%A3%AB%E5%A8%81&rft.btitle=Matter+and+Motion&rft.date=1878&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=D.Van+Nostrand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmatterandmotion02maxwgoog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNewton1846" class="citation">Newton, Isaac, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/newtonspmathema00newtrich">Newton's Principia : the mathematical principles of natural philosophy</a>, New York: Daniel Adee, 1846</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.btitle=Newton%27s+Principia+%3A+the+mathematical+principles+of+natural+philosophy&rft.date=1846&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Daniel+Adee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewtonspmathema00newtrich&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>　請上網閱讀作者Andrew Motte的英文翻譯。</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRay1910" class="citation">Ray, David, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistorymechani01raygoog/page/n7">A history of mechanics</a>, The New Era Printing Co., 1910</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.btitle=A+history+of+mechanics&rft.date=1910&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=The+New+Era+Printing+Co.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fahistorymechani01raygoog%2Fpage%2Fn7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSerway2006" class="citation">Serway, Raymond, Principles of physics: a calculus-based text, Cengage Learning, 2006, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780534491437" title="Special:网络书源/9780534491437"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780534491437</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.aulast=Serway&rft.btitle=Principles+of+physics%3A+a+calculus-based+text&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780534491437&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2005" class="citation">Taylor, John, Classical Mechanics, University Science Books, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-891389-22-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-891389-22-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-891389-22-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.btitle=Classical+Mechanics&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-891389-22-1&rft.pub=University+Science+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTruesdellBecchiBenvenuto2003" class="citation">Truesdell, Clifford A.; Becchi, Antonio; Benvenuto, Edoardo, Essays on the history of mechanics: in memory of Clifford Ambrose Truesdell and Edoardo Benvenuto, New York: Birkhäuser: 207, 2003, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3764314761" title="Special:网络书源/3764314761"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 3764314761</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.au=Becchi%2C+Antonio&rft.au=Benvenuto%2C+Edoardo&rft.aufirst=Clifford+A.&rft.aulast=Truesdell&rft.btitle=Essays+on+the+history+of+mechanics%3A+in+memory+of+Clifford+Ambrose+Truesdell+and+Edoardo+Benvenuto&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3764314761&rft.pages=207&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Birkh%C3%A4user&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYoungFreedmanFord2011" class="citation">Young, Hughy; Freedman, Roger; Ford, A., Sears and Zemansky's University Physics with Modern Physics 13, Addison-Wesley, 2011, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0321696861" title="Special:网络书源/978-0321696861"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0321696861</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&rft.au=Ford%2C+A.&rft.au=Freedman%2C+Roger&rft.aufirst=Hughy&rft.aulast=Young&rft.btitle=Sears+and+Zemansky%27s+University+Physics+with+Modern+Physics&rft.date=2011&rft.edition=13&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0321696861&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>麻省理工學院物理影音講課：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170209230310/https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/8-01-physics-i-classical-mechanics-fall-1999/video-lectures/lecture-6/">牛頓定律</a>。</li> <li>第一定律的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phy.hk/wiki/englishhtm/firstlaw.htm">電腦模擬</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080327073346/http://phy.hk/wiki/englishhtm/firstlaw.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）。</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="经典力学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:經典力學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:經典力學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:經典力學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="经典力学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="经典力学">经典力学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">表述形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="经典力学">矢量力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="分析力学">分析力学</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%97%A5%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="拉格朗日力学">拉格朗日力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%AF%86%E9%A1%BF%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="哈密顿力学">哈密頓力學</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基础概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="空間">空间</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="时间">时间</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="速度">速度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="加速度">加速度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="质量">质量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="引力">引力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E7%9F%A9" title="力矩">力矩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E7%B3%BB" title="参考系">參考系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B" title="力">力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%81%B6" title="力偶">力偶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E9%87%8F" title="冲量">冲量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E9%87%8F" title="动量">动量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E4%BD%93" title="刚体">刚体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%8A%A8%E9%87%8F" title="角动量">角动量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A3%E6%80%A7" title="慣性">慣性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E5%8B%95%E6%85%A3%E9%87%8F" title="轉動慣量">轉動慣量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%83%BD" title="动能">动能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%BF%E8%83%BD" title="势能">位能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E5%8A%9F" title="虛功">虛功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E9%87%8F" title="作用量">作用量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%97%A5%E9%87%8F" title="拉格朗日量">拉格朗日量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%AF%86%E9%A1%BF%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="哈密顿力学">哈密頓量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F" title="功">功</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">重要理论</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">牛顿运动定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%85%8B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="胡克定律">胡克定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="万有引力定律">牛顿万有引力定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E8%AB%A7%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="簡諧運動">簡諧運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%9C%97%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="達朗貝爾原理">達朗貝爾原理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%8B%89%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B_(%E5%88%9A%E4%BD%93%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8)" title="欧拉方程 (刚体运动)">歐拉方程式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%AF%86%E9%A0%93%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="哈密頓原理">哈密頓原理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="拉格朗日方程式">拉格朗日方程式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="最小作用量原理">最小作用量原理</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">应用</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0" title="简单机械">简单机械</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E9%9D%A2" title="斜面">斜面</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A0%E6%9D%86" title="杠杆">杠杆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E8%BD%AE" title="滑轮">滑轮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B_(%E7%B0%A1%E5%96%AE%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0)" title="螺旋 (簡單機械)">螺旋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%94%E5%AD%90" title="楔子">楔子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%AA%E8%BB%B8" title="輪軸">輪軸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">科学史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2#力学的发展史" title="物理学史">发展史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%80%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92" title="约翰内斯·开普勒">开普勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="艾薩克·牛頓">牛頓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E6%98%82%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89" title="萊昂哈德·歐拉">歐拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E6%9C%97%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E6%9C%97%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94" title="让·勒朗·达朗贝尔">達朗貝爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%AF%86%E9%A0%93" title="威廉·哈密頓">哈密頓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%85%B9" title="海因里希·赫兹">赫茲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%97%A5" title="约瑟夫·拉格朗日">拉格朗日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94-%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="皮埃尔-西蒙·拉普拉斯">拉普拉斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%C2%B7%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E8%8E%B1" title="伽利略·伽利莱">伽利略</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E5%8F%AF%E6%AF%94" title="卡爾·雅可比">雅可比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E7%89%B9" title="埃米·诺特">諾特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">分支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="静力学">静力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="動力學">動力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="运动学">运动学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="工程力学">工程力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="天體力學">天體力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%BA%8C%E4%BB%8B%E8%B3%AA%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="連續介質力學">連續介質力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="統計力學">統計力學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="艾萨克·牛顿爵士" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93" title="Template:艾薩克·牛頓"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93" title="Template talk:艾薩克·牛頓"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:艾薩克·牛頓"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="艾萨克·牛顿爵士" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF" title="艾萨克·牛顿">艾萨克·牛顿爵士</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">科學著作</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%95%B0%E6%B3%95" title="流数法">流数法</a>》（1671）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="物體在軌道中之運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="De motu corporum in gyrum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E9%AB%94%E5%9C%A8%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD%E4%B9%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物體在軌道中之運動（页面不存在）">物體在軌道中之運動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_motu_corporum_in_gyrum" class="extiw" title="en:De motu corporum in gyrum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">De motu corporum in gyrum</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（1684）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="自然哲学的数学原理">自然哲学的数学原理</a>》（1687）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="光学 (书)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Opticks"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6_(%E4%B9%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光学 (书)（页面不存在）">光学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opticks" class="extiw" title="en:Opticks"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Opticks</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（1704）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="The Queries" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Queries"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Queries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Queries（页面不存在）">The Queries</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Queries" class="extiw" title="en:The Queries"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Queries</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（1704）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="廣義算術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arithmetica Universalis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廣義算術（页面不存在）">廣義算術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica_Universalis" class="extiw" title="en:Arithmetica Universalis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arithmetica Universalis</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（1707）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="用無窮級數做數學分析" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%A8%E7%84%A1%E7%AA%AE%E7%B4%9A%E6%95%B8%E5%81%9A%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="用無窮級數做數學分析（页面不存在）">用無窮級數做數學分析</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_analysi_per_aequationes_numero_terminorum_infinitas" class="extiw" title="en:De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（1711）</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/100px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/150px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/200px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="1916" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">其它著作</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="若干哲學問題" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quaestiones quaedam philosophicae"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%A5%E5%B9%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="若干哲學問題（页面不存在）">若干哲學問題</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaestiones_quaedam_philosophicae" class="extiw" title="en:Quaestiones quaedam philosophicae"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quaestiones quaedam philosophicae</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（1661–1665）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="站在巨人的肩膀上" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="standing on the shoulders of giants"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%99%E5%9C%A8%E5%B7%A8%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%82%A9%E8%86%80%E4%B8%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="站在巨人的肩膀上（页面不存在）">站在巨人的肩膀上</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/standing_on_the_shoulders_of_giants" class="extiw" title="en:standing on the shoulders of giants"><span lang="en" dir="auto">standing on the shoulders of giants</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（1675）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Notes on the Jewish Temple" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Notes on the Jewish Temple"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notes_on_the_Jewish_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notes on the Jewish Temple（页面不存在）">Notes on the Jewish Temple</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notes_on_the_Jewish_Temple" class="extiw" title="en:Notes on the Jewish Temple"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Notes on the Jewish Temple</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（約1680）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="總釋" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="General Scholium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B8%BD%E9%87%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="總釋（页面不存在）">總釋</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Scholium" class="extiw" title="en:General Scholium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">General Scholium</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（1713；《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不作假设" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="hypotheses non fingo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E4%BD%9C%E5%81%87%E8%AE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不作假设（页面不存在）">不作假设</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hypotheses_non_fingo" class="extiw" title="en:hypotheses non fingo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">hypotheses non fingo</span></a></span>）</span></span>》）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古王國年表，修訂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%EF%BC%8C%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古王國年表，修訂（页面不存在）">古王國年表，修訂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chronology_of_Ancient_Kingdoms_Amended" class="extiw" title="en:The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（1728）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="两处著名圣经讹误的历史变迁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%A4%E5%A4%84%E8%91%97%E5%90%8D%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F%E8%AE%B9%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="两处著名圣经讹误的历史变迁（页面不存在）">两处著名圣经讹误的历史变迁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Historical_Account_of_Two_Notable_Corruptions_of_Scripture" class="extiw" title="en:An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（1754）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">貢獻</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%86%E5%AD%A6" title="微积分学">微积分学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%86%E5%AD%A6" title="微积分学">流數</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E5%87%BB%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6" title="冲击深度">冲击深度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A3%E6%80%A7" title="慣性">慣性</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛頓色環" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newton disc"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E8%89%B2%E7%92%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛頓色環（页面不存在）">牛頓色環</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_disc" class="extiw" title="en:Newton disc"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newton disc</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛頓多邊形" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newton polygon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%A4%9A%E9%82%8A%E5%BD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛頓多邊形（页面不存在）">牛頓多邊形</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_polygon" class="extiw" title="en:Newton polygon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newton polygon</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛頓–奧昆科夫體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newton–Okounkov body"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E2%80%93%E5%A5%A7%E6%98%86%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛頓–奧昆科夫體（页面不存在）">牛頓–奧昆科夫體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%E2%80%93Okounkov_body" class="extiw" title="en:Newton–Okounkov body"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newton–Okounkov body</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛頓反射望遠鏡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newton's reflector"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛頓反射望遠鏡（页面不存在）">牛頓反射望遠鏡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_reflector" class="extiw" title="en:Newton's reflector"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newton's reflector</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="牛顿望远镜">牛顿望远镜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E6%BA%AB%E6%A8%99" title="牛頓溫標">牛頓溫標</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛頓合金" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newton's metal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛頓合金（页面不存在）">牛頓合金</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_metal" class="extiw" title="en:Newton's metal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newton's metal</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E9%A0%BB%E8%AD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="光學頻譜">光學頻譜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E8%89%B2" title="结构色">结构色</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛頓主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newtonianism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛頓主義（页面不存在）">牛頓主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonianism" class="extiw" title="en:Newtonianism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newtonianism</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水桶實驗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bucket argument"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%A1%B6%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水桶實驗（页面不存在）">水桶實驗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket_argument" class="extiw" title="en:Bucket argument"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bucket argument</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E4%B8%8D%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%8F" title="牛頓不等式">牛頓不等式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%B4%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="冷却定律">冷却定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="万有引力定律">万有引力定律</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="后牛顿力学近似方法">后牛顿力学近似方法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E8%AB%96" title="後牛頓形式論">後牛頓形式論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B0" title="万有引力常数">万有引力常数</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛頓–嘉當理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newton–Cartan theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E2%80%93%E5%98%89%E7%95%B6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛頓–嘉當理論（页面不存在）">牛頓–嘉當理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%E2%80%93Cartan_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Newton–Cartan theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newton–Cartan theory</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E5%AE%9A%E8%B0%94-%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="薛定谔-牛顿方程">薛定谔-牛顿方程</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">牛顿运动定律</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="牛顿第一运动定律">第一定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="牛頓第二運動定律">第二定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="牛顿第三运动定律">第三定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="开普勒定律">开普勒定律</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛頓動力學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newtonian dynamics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛頓動力學（页面不存在）">牛頓動力學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonian_dynamics" class="extiw" title="en:Newtonian dynamics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newtonian dynamics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E6%96%BC%E6%9C%80%E5%84%AA%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E6%B3%95" title="應用於最優化的牛頓法">應用於最優化的牛頓法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="阿波罗尼奥斯问题">阿波罗尼奥斯问题</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="截斷牛頓法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="truncated Newton method"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%AA%E6%96%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="截斷牛頓法（页面不存在）">截斷牛頓法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/truncated_Newton_method" class="extiw" title="en:truncated Newton method"><span lang="en" dir="auto">truncated Newton method</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高斯牛頓算法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gauss–Newton algorithm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高斯牛頓算法（页面不存在）">高斯牛頓算法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%E2%80%93Newton_algorithm" class="extiw" title="en:Gauss–Newton algorithm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gauss–Newton algorithm</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%92%B0" title="牛頓環">牛頓環</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛頓橢圓定理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newton's theorem about ovals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E6%A9%A2%E5%9C%93%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛頓橢圓定理（页面不存在）">牛頓橢圓定理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_theorem_about_ovals" class="extiw" title="en:Newton's theorem about ovals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newton's theorem about ovals</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF-%E7%9A%AE%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="牛顿-皮普斯问题">牛顿-皮普斯问题</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛頓位" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newtonian potential"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛頓位（页面不存在）">牛頓位</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonian_potential" class="extiw" title="en:Newtonian potential"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newtonian potential</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93" title="牛顿流体">牛顿流体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="经典力学">经典力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%AE%E7%B2%92%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="光的微粒理论">光的微粒理论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛顿与莱布尼茨的微积分学论战" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E4%B8%8E%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%AE%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%AE%BA%E6%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛顿与莱布尼茨的微积分学论战（页面不存在）">牛顿与莱布尼茨的微积分学论战</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz%E2%80%93Newton_calculus_controversy" class="extiw" title="en:Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="微分記法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newton's notation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E8%A8%98%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微分記法（页面不存在）">牛頓記法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_notation" class="extiw" title="en:Newton's notation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newton's notation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="旋轉球體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rotating spheres"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%89%E7%90%83%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旋轉球體（页面不存在）">旋轉球體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_spheres" class="extiw" title="en:Rotating spheres"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rotating spheres</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%A7%E7%82%AE" title="牛顿大炮">牛顿大炮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93-%E5%AF%87%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F" title="牛頓-寇次公式">牛顿-柯特斯公式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E6%B3%95" title="牛顿法">牛顿法</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="廣義高斯-牛顿法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="generalized Gauss–Newton method"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF-%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廣義高斯-牛顿法（页面不存在）">廣義高斯-牛顿法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/generalized_Gauss%E2%80%93Newton_method" class="extiw" title="en:generalized Gauss–Newton method"><span lang="en" dir="auto">generalized Gauss–Newton method</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%88%86%E5%BD%A2" title="牛顿分形">牛顿分形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E6%81%86%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%8F" title="牛頓恆等式">牛頓恆等式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%9A%E9%A1%B9%E5%BC%8F" title="牛顿多项式">牛顿多项式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%89%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="牛頓旋轉軌道定理">牛頓旋轉軌道定理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛顿-歐拉方程式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newton–Euler equations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF-%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛顿-歐拉方程式（页面不存在）">牛顿-歐拉方程式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%E2%80%93Euler_equations" class="extiw" title="en:Newton–Euler equations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newton–Euler equations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>牛頓數 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="吻球數" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kissing number"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%BB%E7%90%83%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吻球數（页面不存在）">吻球數問題</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissing_number" class="extiw" title="en:Kissing number"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kissing number</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛頓商" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Difference quotient"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%95%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛頓商（页面不存在）">牛頓商</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_quotient" class="extiw" title="en:Difference quotient"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Difference quotient</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="力的平行四边形" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Parallelogram of force"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%8C%E5%9B%9B%E8%BE%B9%E5%BD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="力的平行四边形（页面不存在）">力的平行四边形</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallelogram_of_force" class="extiw" title="en:Parallelogram of force"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Parallelogram of force</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="皮瑟級數" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Puiseux series"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E7%91%9F%E7%B4%9A%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮瑟級數（页面不存在）">牛顿-皮瑟理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puiseux_series" class="extiw" title="en:Puiseux series"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Puiseux series</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E6%99%82%E7%A9%BA#起源" title="絕對時空">絕對時空</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA" title="以太">以太</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AE%E5%88%86#牛頓級數" title="差分">牛頓級數</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛頓級數列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Table of Newtonian series"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%B4%9A%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛頓級數列表（页面不存在）">列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_Newtonian_series" class="extiw" title="en:Table of Newtonian series"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Table of Newtonian series</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E7%8E%87%E6%95%B8" title="功率數">功率數</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">個人</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%B0%94%E7%B4%A2%E6%99%AE%E5%BA%84%E5%9B%AD" title="伍尔索普庄园">伍尔索普庄园</a>（出生地）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Cranbury Park" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cranbury Park"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranbury_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cranbury Park（页面不存在）">Cranbury Park</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranbury_Park" class="extiw" title="en:Cranbury Park"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cranbury Park</span></a></span>）</span></span>（成長地）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾薩克·牛頓的早年生活" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Early life of Isaac Newton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%9A%84%E6%97%A9%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾薩克·牛頓的早年生活（页面不存在）">早年生活</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_life_of_Isaac_Newton" class="extiw" title="en:Early life of Isaac Newton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Early life of Isaac Newton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾薩克·牛頓的晚年生活" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Later life of Isaac Newton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%9A%84%E6%99%9A%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾薩克·牛頓的晚年生活（页面不存在）">晚年生活</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Later_life_of_Isaac_Newton" class="extiw" title="en:Later life of Isaac Newton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Later life of Isaac Newton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾薩克·牛頓與蘋果樹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac Newton's apple tree"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E8%88%87%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%A8%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾薩克·牛頓與蘋果樹（页面不存在）">蘋果樹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton%27s_apple_tree" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Newton's apple tree"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac Newton's apple tree</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾薩克·牛頓的宗教思想" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious views of Isaac Newton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾薩克·牛頓的宗教思想（页面不存在）">宗教思想</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_of_Isaac_Newton" class="extiw" title="en:Religious views of Isaac Newton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious views of Isaac Newton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾薩克·牛頓的神秘學研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac Newton's occult studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾薩克·牛頓的神秘學研究（页面不存在）">神秘學研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton%27s_occult_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Newton's occult studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac Newton's occult studies</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="科学革命">科学革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%99%BD%E5%B0%BC%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="哥白尼革命">哥白尼革命</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">人際關係</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凱瑟琳·巴頓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Catherine Barton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%B1%E7%91%9F%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E9%A0%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凱瑟琳·巴頓（页面不存在）">凱瑟琳·巴頓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Barton" class="extiw" title="en:Catherine Barton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Catherine Barton</span></a></span>）</span></span>（侄女）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="約翰·孔杜伊特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John Conduitt"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%AD%94%E6%9D%9C%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·孔杜伊特（页面不存在）">約翰·孔杜伊特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Conduitt" class="extiw" title="en:John Conduitt"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John Conduitt</span></a></span>）</span></span>（姪女婿）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%BD%97" title="艾萨克·巴罗">艾萨克·巴罗</a>（指導教授）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威廉·克拉克 (藥劑師)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="William Clarke (apothecary)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B_(%E8%97%A5%E5%8A%91%E5%B8%AB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·克拉克 (藥劑師)（页面不存在）">威廉·克拉克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clarke_(apothecary)" class="extiw" title="en:William Clarke (apothecary)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">William Clarke (apothecary)</span></a></span>）</span></span>（指導者）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Benjamin Pulleyn" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Benjamin Pulleyn"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Pulleyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Pulleyn（页面不存在）">Benjamin Pulleyn</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Pulleyn" class="extiw" title="en:Benjamin Pulleyn"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Benjamin Pulleyn</span></a></span>）</span></span>（導師）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约翰·基尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John Keill"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·基尔（页面不存在）">约翰·基尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Keill" class="extiw" title="en:John Keill"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John Keill</span></a></span>）</span></span>（徒弟）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威廉・斯圖凱利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="William Stukeley"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E3%83%BB%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E5%87%B1%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉・斯圖凱利（页面不存在）">威廉・斯圖凱利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stukeley" class="extiw" title="en:William Stukeley"><span lang="en" dir="auto">William Stukeley</span></a></span>）</span></span>（好友）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E7%90%BC%E6%96%AF_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="威廉·琼斯 (数学家)">威廉·琼斯</a>（好友）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E6%A3%A3%E8%8E%AB%E5%BC%97" title="亞伯拉罕·棣莫弗">亚伯拉罕·棣莫弗</a>（好友）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%85%8B" title="罗伯特·胡克">罗伯特·胡克</a>（仇敵）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="流行文化中的艾薩克·牛頓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac Newton in popular culture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流行文化中的艾薩克·牛頓（页面不存在）">描繪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton_in_popular_culture" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Newton in popular culture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac Newton in popular culture</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF_(%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%8B)" title="牛顿 (布莱克)">牛顿</a>》（單版畫）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛顿 (包洛奇作品)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newton (Paolozzi)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF_(%E5%8C%85%E6%B4%9B%E5%A5%87%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛顿 (包洛奇作品)（页面不存在）">牛顿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_(Paolozzi)" class="extiw" title="en:Newton (Paolozzi)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newton (Paolozzi)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（雕塑）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾薩克·牛頓雨漏" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac Newton Gargoyle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E9%9B%A8%E6%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾薩克·牛頓雨漏（页面不存在）">艾薩克·牛頓雨漏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton_Gargoyle" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Newton Gargoyle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac Newton Gargoyle</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天文學家紀念碑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Astronomers Monument"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天文學家紀念碑（页面不存在）">天文學家紀念碑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomers_Monument" class="extiw" title="en:Astronomers Monument"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Astronomers Monument</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以艾薩克·牛頓命名的事物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of things named after Isaac Newton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8B%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以艾薩克·牛頓命名的事物（页面不存在）">相關</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Isaac_Newton" class="extiw" title="en:List of things named after Isaac Newton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of things named after Isaac Newton</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93_(%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D)" title="牛頓 (單位)">牛頓 (單位)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E6%91%86" title="牛顿摆">牛顿摆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾萨克·牛顿研究所" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac Newton Institute"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾萨克·牛顿研究所（页面不存在）">艾萨克·牛顿研究所</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton_Institute" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Newton Institute"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac Newton Institute</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0" title="艾萨克·牛顿奖章">艾萨克·牛顿奖章</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="艾萨克·牛顿望远镜">艾萨克·牛顿望远镜</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾萨克·牛顿望远镜组" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C%E7%BB%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾萨克·牛顿望远镜组（页面不存在）">艾萨克·牛顿望远镜组</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton_Group_of_Telescopes" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMM-%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="XMM-牛顿卫星">XMM-牛顿卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E5%AF%86%E7%89%B9-%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="施密特-牛頓望遠鏡">施密特-牛頓望遠鏡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾薩克·牛頓爵士大學預科學校" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sir Isaac Newton Sixth Form"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E9%A0%90%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾薩克·牛頓爵士大學預科學校（页面不存在）">艾薩克·牛頓爵士大學預科學校</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Isaac_Newton_Sixth_Form" class="extiw" title="en:Sir Isaac Newton Sixth Form"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sir Isaac Newton Sixth Form</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾薩克·牛頓斯塔塔爾高等教育學院" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Statal Institute of Higher Education Isaac Newton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A1%94%E7%88%BE%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾薩克·牛頓斯塔塔爾高等教育學院（页面不存在）">艾薩克·牛頓斯塔塔爾高等教育學院</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statal_Institute_of_Higher_Education_Isaac_Newton" class="extiw" title="en:Statal Institute of Higher Education Isaac Newton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Statal Institute of Higher Education Isaac Newton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛頓國際獎學金" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Newton International Fellowship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%8D%8E%E5%AD%B8%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛頓國際獎學金（页面不存在）">牛頓國際獎學金</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_International_Fellowship" class="extiw" title="en:Newton International Fellowship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Newton International Fellowship</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">分類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="div-col"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" 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