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Most of the interest to date has focused on exogenous methods such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transient DC Stimulation (tDCS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). Much less attention has been given to endogenous methods of exploiting latent brain plasticity. These have reached a level of sophistication and maturity that invites attention. Over the last seven years the domain of infra-low frequencies has been exploited productively for the enhancement of neuroregulation. The principal mechanism is putatively the re-normalization of functional connectivity of our resting state networks. The endogeneous techniques are particularly attractive for the pediatric population, where they can be utilized before dysfunctional patterns of brain behavior become consolidated and further elaborated into clinical syndromes.","publication_date":"2013,,","publication_name":"Seminars in Pediatric Neurology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"47685813"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Endogenous Neuromodulation at Infralow Frequencies","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [34232538]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":47685813,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Endogenous Neuromodulation at Infralow Frequencies”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/47685813/mini_magick20190206-716-nkkml3.png?1549446645" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Endogenous Neuromodulation at Infralow Frequencies</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34232538" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SiegfriedOthmer"><img alt="Profile image of Siegfried Othmer" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/34232538/62476895/50768756/s65_siegfried.othmer.jpg" />Siegfried Othmer</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2013, Seminars in Pediatric Neurology</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">29 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 27427902; 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Vitek</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Neuromodulation for Brain Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities","attachmentId":112566156,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116434961/Neuromodulation_for_Brain_Disorders_Challenges_and_Opportunities","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116434961/Neuromodulation_for_Brain_Disorders_Challenges_and_Opportunities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="26997147" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26997147/Brain_stimulation_basic_translational_and_clinical_research_in_neuromodulation_Why_a_new_journal">Brain stimulation—basic, translational, and clinical research in neuromodulation: Why a new journal?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50973746" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HaroldSackeim">Harold Sackeim</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Brain Stimulation, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Brain stimulation—basic, translational, and clinical research in neuromodulation: Why a new 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Method: A literature review on paediatric neuromodulation studies using public databases was conducted. Keywords like "transcranial magnetic stimulation," "transcranial direct current stimulation," and "vagus nerve stimulation" were searched, along with specific conditions. The analysis focused on brain stimulation methods, patient characteristics, neurological symptoms, study design, stimulation parameters, and brain imaging data. Studies with healthy subjects or non-human animals were excluded. The review considered small-scale studies due to the limited large randomised controlled trials available. Result: The comprehensive analysis delves into the scientific evidence surrounding neuromodulation interventions for paediatric neurological disorders, including Cerebral Palsy, Epilepsy, ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Motor Speech Disorder. It addresses the challenges and ethical considerations inherent to the field, emphasising the necessity of personalised approaches and long-term safety assessments. Additionally, potential future research directions were proposed to address these challenges. Conclusion: The review seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of neuromodulation's significance in paediatric neurological care. 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