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Sègle XII — Wikipèdia

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href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sciéncias_e_tecnicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sciéncias_e_tecnicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sciéncias e tecnicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sciéncias_e_tecnicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decès" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decès"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decès</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decès-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sègle XII</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 136 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/12de_eeu" title="12de eeu - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="12de eeu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Jahrhundert" title="12. Jahrhundert - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="12. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%95%E1%89%B0_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%98%E1%89%B5" title="12ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="12ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglo_XII" title="Sieglo XII - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sieglo XII" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_12" title="القرن 12 - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القرن 12" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="القرن الاتناشر - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القرن الاتناشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglu_XII" title="Sieglu XII - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sieglu XII" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D1%83" title="XII гӀасру - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="XII гӀасру" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-eafa_decemda" title="12-eafa decemda - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="12-eafa decemda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%C9%99sr" title="XII əsr - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="XII əsr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2._%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="۱۲. یوز ایل - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۲. یوز ایل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XII быуат - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="XII быуат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-12" title="Abad ka-12 - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Abad ka-12" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_om%C5%BEios" title="XII omžios - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="XII omžios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="XII стагоддзе - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="XII стагоддзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="XII стагодзьдзе - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="XII стагодзьдзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="12 век - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="12 век" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIIvet_kantved" title="XIIvet kantved - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="XIIvet kantved" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._vijek" title="12. vijek - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="12. vijek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segle_XII" title="Segle XII - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segle XII" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_si%C3%A9-g%C4%AB" title="12 sié-gī - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="12 sié-gī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B1%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BE" title="XII бӀешо - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="XII бӀешо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A1%D9%A2" title="سەدەی ١٢ - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەدەی ١٢" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._stolet%C3%AD" title="12. století - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="12. století" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="XII ĕмĕр - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="XII ĕмĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/12fed_ganrif" title="12fed ganrif - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="12fed ganrif" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%C3%A5rhundrede" title="12. århundrede - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="12. århundrede" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Jahrhundert" title="12. Jahrhundert - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="12. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seserra_12ine" title="Seserra 12ine - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Seserra 12ine" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="12ος αιώνας - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="12ος αιώνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_s%C3%A9col" title="XII sécol - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="XII sécol" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="12th century" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-a_jarcento" title="12-a jarcento - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="12-a jarcento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XII" title="Siglo XII - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siglo XII" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._sajand" title="12. sajand - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="12. sajand" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII._mendea" title="XII. mendea - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="XII. mendea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigru_XII" title="Sigru XII - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sigru XII" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سده دوازدهم میلادی - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سده دوازدهم میلادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-luku" title="1100-luku - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1100-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._aastagasada" title="12. aastagasada - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="12. aastagasada" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%C3%B8ld" title="12. øld - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="12. øld" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIe siècle - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="XIIe siècle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._juarhunert" title="12. juarhunert - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="12. juarhunert" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/12e_iuw" title="12e iuw - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="12e iuw" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%C3%BA_haois" title="12ú haois - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="12ú haois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="12世紀 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="12世紀" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/12na_linn" title="12na linn - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="12na linn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XII" title="Século XII - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Século XII" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/12h_eash" title="12h eash - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="12h eash" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-12" title="המאה ה-12 - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המאה ה-12" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="१२वीं शताब्दी - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१२वीं शताब्दी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._stolje%C4%87e" title="12. stoljeće - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="12. stoljeće" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._sz%C3%A1zad" title="12. század - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="12. század" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="12-րդ դար - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="12-րդ դար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seculo_12" title="Seculo 12 - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Seculo 12" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-12" title="Abad ke-12 - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abad ke-12" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/12ma_yarcento" title="12ma yarcento - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="12ma yarcento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%C3%B6ldin" title="12. öldin - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="12. öldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_secolo" title="XII secolo - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XII secolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="12世紀 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="12世紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ping_12" title="Abad ping 12 - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abad ping 12" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="XII საუკუნე - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="XII საუკუნე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XII ғасыр - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="XII ғасыр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8_%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A2_%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%82.%E1%9E%9F" title="សតវត្សទី ១២ នៃគ.ស - cambojian" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សតវត្សទី ១២ នៃគ.ស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambojian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="12세기 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="12세기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedsala_12an" title="Sedsala 12an - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sedsala 12an" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/12ves_kansbledhen" title="12ves kansbledhen - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="12ves kansbledhen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeculum_12" title="Saeculum 12 - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saeculum 12" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Joerhonnert" title="12. Joerhonnert - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="12. Joerhonnert" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="XII виш йис - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="XII виш йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentenio_12" title="Sentenio 12 - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sentenio 12" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfde_iew" title="Twelfde iew - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Twelfde iew" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_secolo" title="XII secolo - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="XII secolo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9cul_XII" title="Sécul XII - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sécul XII" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_am%C5%BEius" title="XII amžius - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XII amžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._gadsimts" title="12. gadsimts - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="12. gadsimts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_kaping-12" title="Abad kaping-12 - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Abad kaping-12" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="XII курым - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="XII курым" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rautau_12" title="Rautau 12 - maòri" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rautau 12" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maòri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="12 век - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="12 век" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १२ वे शतक - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १२ वे शतक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-12" title="Abad ke-12 - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abad ke-12" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%82_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="၁၂ ရာစုနှစ် - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၂ ရာစုနှစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="XII пинге - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="XII пинге" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuilpohualxihuitl_XII" title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XII - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XII" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_seculo" title="XII seculo - napolità" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="XII seculo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Johrhunnert" title="12. Johrhunnert - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="12. Johrhunnert" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/12e_eeuw" title="12e eeuw - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="12e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/12e_eeuw" title="12e eeuw - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="12e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-talet" title="1100-talet - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1100-talet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%C3%A5rhundre" title="12. århundre - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="12. århundre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIIe_s." title="XIIe s. - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="XIIe s." data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngwagakgolo_12" title="Ngwagakgolo 12 - sotho septentrional" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ngwagakgolo 12" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_wiek" title="XII wiek - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="XII wiek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="بارہويں صدی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بارہويں صدی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XII" title="Século XII - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Século XII" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%C3%B1iqin_pachakwata" title="12 ñiqin pachakwata - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="12 ñiqin pachakwata" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secolul_al_XII-lea" title="Secolul al XII-lea - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Secolul al XII-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="XII век - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="XII век" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII._%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0" title="XII. стороча - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="XII. стороча" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="XII үйэ - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="XII үйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8culu_XII" title="Sèculu XII - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sèculu XII" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._vijek" title="12. vijek - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="12. vijek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasuta_tiss_XII" title="Tasuta tiss XII - taixelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasuta tiss XII" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taixelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87_12" title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 12 - xan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 12" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="xan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83" title="12 වන සියවස - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="12 වන සියවස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="12th century" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._storo%C4%8Die" title="12. storočie - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="12. storočie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._stoletje" title="12. stoletje - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="12. stoletje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekulli_XII" title="Shekulli XII - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shekulli XII" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="12. век - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="12. век" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Jierhunnert" title="12. Jierhunnert - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="12. Jierhunnert" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-12" title="Abad ka-12 - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Abad ka-12" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-talet" title="1100-talet - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1100-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karne_ya_12" title="Karne ya 12 - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karne ya 12" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="12-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="12-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_XII" title="Садаи XII - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Садаи XII" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_12" title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 12 - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 12" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-nji_asyr" title="12-nji asyr - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="12-nji asyr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-12_dantaon" title="Ika-12 dantaon - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ika-12 dantaon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1l" title="12. yüzyıl - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="12. yüzyıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XII гасыр - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="XII гасыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="XII століття - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="XII століття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="بارہویں صدی - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بارہویں صدی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_asr" title="XII asr - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="XII asr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_secolo" title="XII secolo - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="XII secolo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_k%E1%BB%B7_12" title="Thế kỷ 12 - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế kỷ 12" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/12inme_sieke" title="12inme sieke - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="12inme sieke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-12_nga_gatostuig" title="Ika-12 nga gatostuig - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-12 nga gatostuig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="12世纪 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="12世纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="XII ოშწანურა - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="XII ოშწანურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%99%22%D7%94" title="12טער י&quot;ה - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="12טער י&quot;ה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/12e_e%C3%AAuw" title="12e eêuw - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="12e eêuw" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="12世纪 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="12世纪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_s%C3%A8-k%C3%AD" title="12 sè-kí - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="12 sè-kí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="12世紀 - 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title="1151">1151</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <center><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_IX" title="Sègle IX">../..</a> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_X" title="Sègle X">Sègle X</a> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XI" title="Sègle XI">Sègle XI</a> | <b> Sègle XII</b> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XIII" title="Sègle XIII">Sègle XIII</a> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XIV" title="Sègle XIV">Sègle XIV</a> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XV" title="Sègle XV">../..</a></center> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png/220px-Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png/330px-Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png/440px-Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="929" /></a><figcaption>Mediterranèa Orientala e <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_Arm%C3%A8ni_de_Cil%C3%ADcia" title="Reiaume Armèni de Cilícia">Reiaume Armèni de Cilícia</a> après la fin de la Premiera Crosada.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1101-1106</b>&#160;: revirada deis armadas <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimidas</a> qu'assaièron sensa succès de reconquistar <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>. Au contrari, lei <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">crosats</a> capitèron pauc a pauc d'assegurar lo liame entre lei diferenteis <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">estats</a> fondats après la presa de <a href="/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Jerusalèm">Jerusalèm</a> en <a href="/wiki/1099" class="mw-redirect" title="1099">1099</a>. En particular, lo rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baudo%C3%AFn_I%C3%A8r_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baudoïn Ièr de Jerusalèm (la pagina existís pas)">Baudoïn de Jerusalèm</a> (<a href="/wiki/1100" class="mw-redirect" title="1100">1100</a>-<a href="/wiki/1118" class="mw-redirect" title="1118">1118</a>) capitèt de conquistar <a href="/wiki/Cesar%C3%A8a" title="Cesarèa">Cesarèa</a> (<a href="/wiki/1101" class="mw-redirect" title="1101">1101</a>) e Sant Joan d'Acre (<a href="/wiki/1104" class="mw-redirect" title="1104">1104</a>), dos pòrts importants per l'arribada de renfòrç. <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1102</b>&#160;: fondacion dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comtat_de_Tr%C3%ADpols&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Comtat de Trípols (la pagina existís pas)">Comtat de Trípols</a> per <a href="/wiki/Ramon_IV_de_Tolosa" title="Ramon IV de Tolosa">Ramon IV de Tolosa</a>. <br /> <b>1102</b>&#160;: conquista de <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ncia" title="Valéncia">Valéncia</a> per leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a>. <br /> <b>1103</b>&#160;: presa d'<a href="/wiki/Acre" class="mw-redirect" title="Acre">Acre</a>, important <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2rt" class="mw-disambig" title="Pòrt">pòrt</a> de <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>-<a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>, per lei tropas dau <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Reiaume de Jerusalèm">reiaume de Jerusalèm</a>. <br /> <b>1104</b>&#160;: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_d%27Harran&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha d&#39;Harran (la pagina existís pas)">batalha d'Harran</a>. Premiera desfacha importanta dei <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">crosada</a>, participèt a estabilizar lei posicions respectivas en despiech de la perseguida dei combats. <br /> <b>1105</b>&#160;: inquieta de l'expansionisme <a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">ongrés</a> en <a href="/wiki/Dalm%C3%A0cia" title="Dalmàcia">Dalmàcia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republica_de_Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Republica de Venècia">Venècia</a> comencèt una guèrra còntra lo rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coloman_d%27Ongria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coloman d&#39;Ongria (la pagina existís pas)">Coloman</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1115" class="mw-redirect" title="1115">1115</a>). <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1105</b>&#160;: mòrt dau còmte <a href="/wiki/Ramon_IV_de_Tolosa" title="Ramon IV de Tolosa">Ramon IV de Tolosa</a> que foguèt remplaçat per sei fius <a href="/wiki/Bertran_de_Tr%C3%ADpol" title="Bertran de Trípol">Bertran de Trípol</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anf%C3%B3s_Jordan" title="Anfós Jordan">Anfós Jordan de Tolosa</a>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Magr%C3%A8b_en_1100.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Magr%C3%A8b_en_1100.png/220px-Magr%C3%A8b_en_1100.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Magr%C3%A8b_en_1100.png/330px-Magr%C3%A8b_en_1100.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Magr%C3%A8b_en_1100.png/440px-Magr%C3%A8b_en_1100.png 2x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Territòri almoravide vèrs 1100 a la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin (la pagina existís pas)">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1106</b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> dau sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravide</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin (la pagina existís pas)">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a>. A la fin de son rèine, leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a> èran a l'apogèu de sa poissança e teniá un territòri anant d'<a href="/wiki/Al_Andal%C3%BAs" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Andalús">Al Andalús</a> a la vau de <a href="/wiki/Nig%C3%A8r_(fluvi)" title="Nigèr (fluvi)">Nigèr</a>. Foguèt remplaçat per son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_ibn_Yusuf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali ibn Yusuf (la pagina existís pas)">Ali ibn Yusuf</a> que nomèt son fraire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamin_ibn_Yusuf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamin ibn Yusuf (la pagina existís pas)">Tamin ibn Yusuf</a> coma governador d'<a href="/wiki/Al_Andal%C3%BAs" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Andalús">Al Andalús</a>. <br /> <b>1107-1110</b>&#160;: debanament de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crosada_norvegiana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Crosada norvegiana (la pagina existís pas)">Crosada norvegiana</a>. Organizada coma una incursion <a href="/wiki/Vikings" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikings">vikinga</a>, enregistrèt plusors succès navaus e ajudèt a la conquista dei pòrts de <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> e <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>. <br /> <b>1108</b>&#160;: mòrt de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felip_I%C3%A8r_de_Fran%C3%A7a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Felip Ièr de França (la pagina existís pas)">Felip I<sup>èr</sup></a>, rèi dei <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">Francs</a>. Foguèt remplaçat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%ADs_VI_de_Fran%C3%A7a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Loís VI de França (la pagina existís pas)">Loís VI</a>. <br /> <b>1108</b>&#160;: dins la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a>, una novèla victòria dins la region dau castèu d'Uclès permetèt ais <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a> de reconquistar de territòris tenguts per lei <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestians</a>. <br /> <b>1109</b>&#160;: començament d'una guèrra lònga entre <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a> après lo refús dau rèi anglés <a href="/wiki/Enric_I%C3%A8r_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric Ièr d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric I<sup>èr</sup></a> de jurar fidelitat per lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ducat_de_Norm%C3%A0ndia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ducat de Normàndia (la pagina existís pas)">Ducat de Normàndia</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1113" class="mw-redirect" title="1113">1113</a>). <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1109</b>&#160;: après un lòng sètge, presa dau pòrt de <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%ADpol" class="mw-disambig" title="Trípol">Trípol</a> per lei <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">crosats</a>. Aquò permetèt d'acabar l'establiment dau <a href="/wiki/Comtat_de_Tr%C3%ADpol" title="Comtat de Trípol">Comtat de Trípol</a>, estat crosat <a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia" title="Occitània">occitan</a>. <br /> <b>1110</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Orient_Mejan" title="Orient Mejan">Orient Mejan</a>, conquista de <a href="/wiki/Beirot" title="Beirot">Beirot</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a> per lo rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baudo%C3%AFn_I%C3%A8r_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baudoïn Ièr de Jerusalèm (la pagina existís pas)">Baudoïn de Jerusalèm</a>. Aquò permetèt d'establir lo liame amb leis estats latins situats pus au nòrd. <br /> <b>1110</b>&#160;: conquista de <a href="/wiki/Saragossa" title="Saragossa">Saragossa</a> per leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a>. Pasmens, aqueu succès accelerèt l'arribada de renfòrç <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestians</a> car inquietèt mai d'un senhor <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> e <a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia" title="Occitània">occitans</a>. <br /> <b>1110</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, adopcion d'una <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politica</a> favorabla ai vilas qu'obtenguèron privilègis fiscaus e lo drech de s'administrar amb un premier cònsol. <br /> <b>1111-1115</b>&#160;: revirada d'una importanta ataca <a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">seldjokida</a> còntra leis estats crosats. <br /> <b>1113</b>&#160;: après divèrsei succès còntra leis armadas dau rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%ADs_VI_de_Fran%C3%A7a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Loís VI de França (la pagina existís pas)">Loís VI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enric_I%C3%A8r_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric Ièr d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric I<sup>èr</sup> d'Anglatèrra</a> poguèt establir sa senhoriá sus <a href="/wiki/Bretanha" class="mw-disambig" title="Bretanha">Bretanha</a> e <a href="/wiki/Maine_(prov%C3%ADncia)" title="Maine (província)">Maine</a>. <br /> <b>1114</b>&#160;: començament d'una politica sistematica de repression còntra lei bregands dins lo domeni reiau dau rèi dei Francs. Aquò marquèt lo redreiçament de l'autoritat centrala <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesa</a> que capitèt lentament de s'estendre a la totalitat dau reiaume durant lei sègles seguents. <br /> <b>1115</b>&#160;: fin de la guèrra entre <a href="/wiki/Republica_de_Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Republica de Venècia">Venècia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">Ongria</a>. S'acabèt per un succès venecian amb la reconquista de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zadar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zadar (la pagina existís pas)">Zadar</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibenik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sibenik (la pagina existís pas)">Sibenik</a>. Pasmens, lei tensions demorèron vivas entre lei dos camps (→ <a href="/wiki/1119" class="mw-redirect" title="1119">1119</a>). <br /> <b>1118</b>&#160;: reconquista de <a href="/wiki/Saragossa" title="Saragossa">Saragossa</a> per leis <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_d%27Aragon" title="Reiaume d&#39;Aragon">Aragonés</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1120" class="mw-redirect" title="1120">1120</a>). <br /> <b>1118</b>&#160;: mòrt dau rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baudo%C3%AFn_I%C3%A8r_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baudoïn Ièr de Jerusalèm (la pagina existís pas)">Baudoïn I<sup>èr</sup> de Jerusalèm</a>. Aqueu decès entraïnèt la revirada d'una campanha militara còntra <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>. Foguèt remplaçat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baudo%C3%AFn_II_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baudoïn II de Jerusalèm (la pagina existís pas)">Baudoïn II</a>. <br /> <b>1118</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Dalm%C3%A0cia" title="Dalmàcia">Dalmàcia</a>, mòrt dau dòge <a href="/wiki/Republica_de_Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Republica de Venècia">venecian</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordelafo_Faliero&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordelafo Faliero (la pagina existís pas)">Ordelafo Faliero</a> durant una escaramocha còntra leis <a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">Ongrés</a>. <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1119</b>&#160;: reünion d'un important concili a <a href="/wiki/Tolosa" title="Tolosa">Tolosa</a>, presidit dirèctament per lo <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">papa</a> <a href="/wiki/Calixte_II" title="Calixte II">Calixte II</a>, per s'ocupar d'una eresia dualista locala. Après lo lenhier de <a href="/wiki/1022" class="mw-redirect" title="1022">1022</a> e lo concili de <a href="/wiki/1056" class="mw-redirect" title="1056">1056</a>, aquò mòstra lo desvolopament continú d'una eresia dualista persistenta — probablament un precursor dau <a href="/wiki/Catarisme" title="Catarisme">catarisme</a> — dins la region. Au contrari dei mesuras adoptadas au sègle XI, lo concili decidèt de prendre de mesuras repressivas e de demandar l'ajuda militara dei senhors locaus<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. <br /> <b>1119</b>&#160;: importanta desfacha crosada a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_dau_Prat_dau_Sang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha dau Prat dau Sang (la pagina existís pas)">batalha dau Prat dau Sang</a>. Pasmens, lei <a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">Seldjokids</a> foguèron arrestats per l'arribada de renfòrç <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestians</a>. <br /> <b>1120</b>&#160;: dins la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a>, victòria novèla deis <a href="/wiki/Reialme_d%27Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Reialme d&#39;Aragon">Aragonés</a> e de seis aliats còntra leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a>. Aquò li permetèt d'ocupar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalayud&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Catalayud (la pagina existís pas)">Catalayud</a> e <a href="/wiki/Daroca" title="Daroca">Daroca</a>. <br /> <b>1120</b>&#160;: dins lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Reiaume de Jerusalèm">Reiaume de Jerusalèm</a>, creacion de la «&#160;<a href="/wiki/%C3%92rdre_dau_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Òrdre dau Temple">milicía dei Paures Chivaliers dau Crist e dau Temple de Salamon</a>&#160;». Destinada a la proteccion dei romieus, s'installèt sus lo <a href="/wiki/Mont_dau_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont dau Temple">Mont dau Temple</a> e foguèt pauc a pauc dicha <a href="/wiki/%C3%92rdre_dau_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Òrdre dau Temple">Òrdre dau Temple</a>. <br /> <b>1120</b>&#160;: signatura d'una trèva entre <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>. Lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%ADs_VI_de_Fran%C3%A7a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Loís VI de França (la pagina existís pas)">Loís VI</a> recebèt l'omenatge de l'eiretier de la corona anglesa per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norm%C3%A0ndia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Normàndia (la pagina existís pas)">Normàndia</a>. <br /> <b>1121</b>&#160;: installacion dau mahdi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Tumart&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Tumart (la pagina existís pas)">Ibn Tumart</a> dins la <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tinmel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tinmel (la pagina existís pas)">Tinmel</a>, situada a 100 km au sud de <a href="/wiki/Marraqu%C3%A8sh" title="Marraquèsh">Marraquèsh</a>. I fondèt un movement de restauracion de l'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>, leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohades (la pagina existís pas)">Almohades</a>, que foguèt rapidament capable de rivalizar amb leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1129" class="mw-redirect" title="1129">1129</a>). <br /> <b>1121</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, assassinat dau visir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Afdal_Shahanshah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Afdal Shahanshah (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Afdal Shahanshah</a> per lo califa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansur_al-Amir_Bi-Ahkamillah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansur al-Amir Bi-Ahkamillah (la pagina existís pas)">Mansur al-Amir Bi-Ahkamillah</a> que restabliguèt l'autoritat califala. Adoptèt un programa d'enregistrament de l'identitat de cada abitant de la <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a>. Pasmens, deguèt tanben contuniar de luchar còntra lei <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">Crosats</a> e lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizarisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizarisme (la pagina existís pas)">Nizarites</a>. <br /> <b>1122</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa">Mediterranèa</a> Orientala, guèrra entre <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a> e <a href="/wiki/Republica_de_Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Republica de Venècia">Venecians</a> après la revocacion dei privilègis comerciaus de <a href="/wiki/Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Venècia">Venècia</a> per <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a>. Lei Venecians se turtèron a una resisténcia acarnada e orientèron seis ambicions vèrs la Tèrra Santa (→ <a href="/wiki/1122" class="mw-redirect" title="1122">1122</a>). <br /> <b>1122-1124</b>&#160;: presa de l'important <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2rt" class="mw-disambig" title="Pòrt">pòrt</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tir (la pagina existís pas)">Tir</a> per lei <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">crosats</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Republica_de_Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Republica de Venècia">Venecians</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1126" class="mw-redirect" title="1126">1126</a>). <br /> <b>1124</b>&#160;: revirada d'una aliança entre <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">Sant Empèri Roman Germanic</a> per atacar <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>. D'efiech, la màger part de l'<a href="/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia">aristocracia</a> francesa sostenguèt lo rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%ADs_VI_de_Fran%C3%A7a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Loís VI de França (la pagina existís pas)">Loís VI</a> que poguèt dispausar d'una importanta superioritat numerica. <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1125</b>&#160;: fin dau conflicte entre lei còmtes de <a href="/wiki/Tolosa" title="Tolosa">Tolosa</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> per la senhoriá sus lo <a href="/wiki/Comtat_de_Proven%C3%A7a" title="Comtat de Provença">Comtat de Provença</a>. La region foguèt devesida entre un Comtat de <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a" title="Provença">Provença</a> — que representava la màger part de la region — sota la direccion de <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Berengui%C3%A8r_III_de_Barcelona" title="Ramon Berenguièr III de Barcelona">Ramon Berenguièr III de Barcelona</a> e un <a href="/wiki/Marquesat_de_Proven%C3%A7a" title="Marquesat de Provença">Marquesat de Provença</a> sota la direccion de <a href="/wiki/Anf%C3%B3s_Jordan" title="Anfós Jordan">Anfós Jordan</a>. <br /> <b>1125</b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> dau grand prince <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Monomaca&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Monomaca (la pagina existís pas)">Vladimir Monomaca</a>. Es lo darrier sobeiran de la <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_de_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus&#39; de Kiev">Rus' de Kiev</a> aguent contrarotlat l'ensemble dei principats que constituissián aquel <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a>. Sei fius li succediguèron mai aguèron de dificultats per mantenir son autoritat. (→ <a href="/wiki/1154" class="mw-redirect" title="1154">1154</a>). <br /> <b>1126</b>&#160;: destruccion de la flòta <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a> per lei <a href="/wiki/Republica_de_Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Republica de Venècia">Venecians</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascalon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ascalon (la pagina existís pas)">Ascalon</a>. Aquò marquèt la fin de la preséncia navala <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmana</a> en <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa">Mediterranèa Orientala</a> fins au declin deis <a href="/wiki/Estats_latins" title="Estats latins">estats latins</a>. <br /> <b>1129-1130</b>&#160;: revirada d'una expedicion <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravida</a> destinada a sometre leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohades (la pagina existís pas)">Almohades</a>. Pasmens, la temptativa almohada de conquistar <a href="/wiki/Marraqu%C3%A8sh" title="Marraquèsh">Marraquèsh</a> s'acabèt per una desfacha saunosa. Aquò laissèt lo sud de <a href="/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c" title="Marròc">Marròc</a> ais <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohades (la pagina existís pas)">Almohades</a> e lo rèsta ais <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a>. <br /> <b>1130</b>&#160;: dins lo <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Califat Fatimida</a>, assassinat dau califa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansur_al-Amir_Bi-Ahkamillah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansur al-Amir Bi-Ahkamillah (la pagina existís pas)">Mansur al-Amir Bi-Ahkamillah</a>. Son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=At-Tayyib_Abu%27l-Qasim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="At-Tayyib Abu&#39;l-Qasim (la pagina existís pas)">At-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim</a> (8 mes) li succediguèt sota una regéncia assegurada per son cosin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hafiz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hafiz (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Hafiz</a>, nebòt de Mansur al-Amir. Pasmens, lo regent foguèt rapidament reversat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Afdhal_Kutayfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Afdhal Kutayfat (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Afdhal Kutayfat</a>, fiu dau visir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Afdal_Shahanshah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Afdal Shahanshah (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Afdal Shahanshah</a> qu'èra estat lo cap vertadier dau Califat entre <a href="/wiki/1094" class="mw-redirect" title="1094">1094</a> e <a href="/wiki/1121" class="mw-redirect" title="1121">1121</a>. Assaièt d'impausar un retorn au chiisme duodeciman. Enterin, At-Tayyib dispareguèt dins de circonstàncias desconegudas e foguèt considerat coma ocultat per una partida dau <a href="/wiki/Clergat" title="Clergat">clergat</a> e de la populacion (→ <a href="/wiki/1131" class="mw-redirect" title="1131">1131</a>). <br /> <b>1130-1138</b>&#160;: esquisma dins la <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A8isa_Catolica" class="mw-redirect" title="Glèisa Catolica">Glèisa Catolica</a> après la mòrt dau papa <a href="/wiki/On%C3%B2ri_II" title="Onòri II">Onòri II</a>. Dos papas rivaus foguèron elegits&#160;: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Innocenci_II&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Innocenci II (la pagina existís pas)">Innocenci II</a> qu'obtenguèt l'ajuda dei <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">Francés</a>, deis <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglés</a> e dei <a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">Imperiaus</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaclet_II&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaclet II (la pagina existís pas)">Anaclet II</a> que recebèt aquela dei Normands de <a href="/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia" title="Sicília">Sicília</a>. Lo conflicte se reglèt amb lo succès d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Innocenci_II&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Innocenci II (la pagina existís pas)">Innocenci II</a>. <br /> <b>1131</b>&#160;: dins lo <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Califat Fatimida</a>, reconquista dau poder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hafiz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hafiz (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Hafiz</a> que reversèt lo visir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Afdhal_Kutayfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Afdhal Kutayfat (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Afdhal Kutayfat</a>. Pasmens, vengut regent d'un reiaume sensa califa, deguèt ocupar lo tròne un an pus tard per mantenir son poder. Coma èra pas l'eiretier en linha masculina dirècta dei califas fatimidas, aquò foguèt pas acceptat per una partida de la populacion e dau <a href="/wiki/Clergat" title="Clergat">clergat</a> entraïnant un <a href="/wiki/Esquisma" title="Esquisma">esquisma</a> novèu entre <i>Hafizzi</i>, que l'acceptavan coma califa, e <i>Tayyibi</i> que consideravan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_al-Qasim_al-Tayyib&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Tayyib (la pagina existís pas)">Abu al-Qasim al-Tayyib</a> coma califa ocultat. L'efiech immediat foguèt limitat car, franc d'<a href="/wiki/Iem%C3%A8n" title="Iemèn">Iemèn</a>, lei <i>Tayyibi</i> foguèron aisament desfachs mai agravèt lo declin e l'afebliment dau Califat qu'èra ja en lucha còntra l'esquisma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizarisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizarisme (la pagina existís pas)">nizarista</a>. <br /> <b>1131</b>&#160;: mòrt de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baudo%C3%AFn_II_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baudoïn II de Jerusalèm (la pagina existís pas)">Baudoïn II de Jerusalèm</a> e brèva guèrra de succession dins lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Reiaume de Jerusalèm">reiaume de Jerusalèm</a> entre partisans e adversaris de la regéncia de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Folc_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Folc de Jerusalèm (la pagina existís pas)">Folc de Jerusalèm</a>. Lo regent capitèt de s'impausar. <br /> <b>1134</b>&#160;: desfacha <a href="/wiki/Reialme_d%27Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Reialme d&#39;Aragon">aragonesa</a> a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Frega&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Frega (la pagina existís pas)">batalha de Frega</a> còntra leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a>. L'amplor de la revirada arrestèt la <i><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i> durant quauqueis annadas. Pasmens, leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a> poguèron pas esplechar aqueu succès (→ <a href="/wiki/1139" class="mw-redirect" title="1139">1139</a>). <br /> <b>1137</b>&#160;: mòrt dau rèi <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">franc</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%ADs_VI_de_Fran%C3%A7a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Loís VI de França (la pagina existís pas)">Loís VI</a> que foguèt remplaçat per son fiu <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_VII_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Loís VII de França">Loís VII</a>. Lo rèi novèu se maridèt amb <a href="/wiki/Alien%C3%B2r_d%27Aquit%C3%A0nia" title="Alienòr d&#39;Aquitània">Alienòr d'Aquitània</a>, çò que permetèt d'unir lo domeni reiau e lo <a href="/wiki/Ducat_d%27Aquit%C3%A0nia" title="Ducat d&#39;Aquitània">Ducat d'Aquitània</a>. <br /> <b>1137</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa">Mediterranèa Occidentala</a>, pilhatge d'<a href="/wiki/Amalfi" title="Amalfi">Amalfi</a> per <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>. Aquò entraïnèt lo declin rapide dau comèrci amalfitan<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. <br /> <b>1139</b>&#160;: dins la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a>, victòria <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">portuguesa</a> còntra leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a> a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_d%27Ourique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha d&#39;Ourique (la pagina existís pas)">batalha d'Ourique</a>. Aquò permetèt au còmte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anf%C3%B3s_I%C3%A8r_de_Portugau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anfós Ièr de Portugau (la pagina existís pas)">Afonso Henriques</a> de prendre lo títol de rèi de <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugau</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1140" class="mw-redirect" title="1140">1140</a>). <br /> <b>1140</b>&#160;: aprofichant lo declin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravide</a>, leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohades (la pagina existís pas)">Almohades</a> ocupèron lo sud de <a href="/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c" title="Marròc">Marròc</a> après divèrsei succès militars. Prenguèron tanben lei pòrts mediterranèus de <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alhucemas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alhucemas (la pagina existís pas)">Alhucemas</a>. <br /> <b>1141</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Asia_Centrala" title="Asia Centrala">Asia Centrala</a>, importanta desfacha dei <a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">Turcs Seldjokids</a> a la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Katwan" title="Batalha de Katwan">batalha de Katwan</a> còntra lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanat_Karakitai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Khanat Karakitai (la pagina existís pas)">Karakitais</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ris_nomadas" title="Empèris nomadas">pòble nomada</a> vengut de l'<a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A8pa" title="Estèpa">estèpa</a>. <br /> <b>1141-1143</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, crisi religiosa entre lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_VII_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Loís VII de França">Loís VII</a>, que revendicava lo drech de nomar leis evesques, e la <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">papautat</a>. Lo problema s'agravèt amb una revòuta de <a href="/wiki/Champanha" title="Champanha">Champanha</a> fins a la conclusion d'un acòrdi generau de patz. <br /> <b>1142</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Liban" title="Liban">Liban</a>, per melhorar la proteccion de <a href="/wiki/Comtat_de_Tr%C3%ADpol" title="Comtat de Trípol">Trípol</a>, lo còmte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raimon_II_de_Tr%C3%ADpol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raimon II de Trípol (la pagina existís pas)">Raimon II</a> donèt divèrsei fèus a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%92rdre_dei_Chivaliers_Espitaliers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Òrdre dei Chivaliers Espitaliers (la pagina existís pas)">Òrdre dei Chivaliers Espitaliers</a>. Aquelei territòris venguèron rapidament autonòms mai l'òrdre capitèt d'i establir una defensa eficaça. <br /> <b>1143</b>&#160;: mòrt dau sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravide</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_ibn_Yusuf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali ibn Yusuf (la pagina existís pas)">Ali ibn Yusuf</a> que foguèt remplaçat per son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tashfin_ibn_Ali&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tashfin ibn Ali (la pagina existís pas)">Tashfin ibn Ali</a>. Se la premiera partida de son rèine èra estada marcada per lei succès, la segonda mitat foguèt un periòde de declin agravat per lei succès dei <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugués</a> e deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohades (la pagina existís pas)">Almohades</a>. <br /> <b>1145</b>&#160;: dins la region d'<a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a>, mòrt dau sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravide</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tashfin_ibn_Ali&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tashfin ibn Ali (la pagina existís pas)">Tashfin ibn Ali</a> durant una campanha militara còntra leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohades (la pagina existís pas)">Almohades</a>. Foguèt remplaçat per son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_ibn_Tashfin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim ibn Tashfin (la pagina existís pas)">Ibrahim ibn Tashfin</a>, un enfant plaçat sota la regéncia de son oncle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ishaq_ibn_Ali&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ishaq ibn Ali (la pagina existís pas)">Ishaq ibn Ali</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1147" class="mw-redirect" title="1147">1147</a>). <br /> <b>1147</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c" title="Marròc">Marròc</a>, presa de <a href="/wiki/Marraqu%C3%A8sh" title="Marraquèsh">Marraquèsh</a> per leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohades (la pagina existís pas)">Almohades</a>. Executèron lei caps <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravides</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_ibn_Tashfin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim ibn Tashfin (la pagina existís pas)">Ibrahim ibn Tashfin</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ishaq_ibn_Ali&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ishaq ibn Ali (la pagina existís pas)">Ishaq ibn Ali</a>, e venguèron la poissança principala dau <a href="/wiki/Magr%C3%A8b" title="Magrèb">Magrèb</a> Occidentau. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Crosada" title="Segonda Crosada">Segonda Crosada</a>.</div> <p><b>1147-1149</b>&#160;: après la pèrda d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Edessa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edessa (la pagina existís pas)">Edessa</a> en <a href="/wiki/1144" class="mw-redirect" title="1144">1144</a>, organizacion de la <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Crosada" title="Segonda Crosada">Segonda Crosada</a> per <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">Sant Empèri Roman Germanic</a>. Pasmens, sensa objectiu clar e minada per de dificultats intèrnas, l'expedicion foguèt una revirada. <br /> <b>1149</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, mòrt dau califa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emp%C3%A8ri_Fatimida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Empèri Fatimida (la pagina existís pas)">fatimida</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hafiz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hafiz (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Hafiz</a> que foguèt remplaçat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Az-Zafir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Az-Zafir (la pagina existís pas)">Az-Zafir</a>. Lo califa novèu mau capitèt de reglar lo caòs politic entraïnat per lei divisions de la cort entre diferentei faccions advèrsas. <br /> <b>1149</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>, començament d'una crisi <a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricòla</a> grèva dins l'espaci territòriau <a href="/wiki/Civilizacion_tolt%C3%A8ca" title="Civilizacion toltèca">toltèc</a>. <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1152</b>&#160;: dissolucion dau maridatge entre <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_VII_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Loís VII de França">Loís VII</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alien%C3%B2r_d%27Aquit%C3%A0nia" title="Alienòr d&#39;Aquitània">Alienòr</a>. Après un viatge malaisat fins a <a href="/wiki/Peitieus" title="Peitieus">Peitieus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alien%C3%B2r_d%27Aquit%C3%A0nia" title="Alienòr d&#39;Aquitània">Alienòr</a> se maridèt amb lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Enric_II_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric II d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric II</a> (18 de mai). Aquò entraïnèt la formacion d'un blòt feodau considerable gropant plusors fèus francés majors (<a href="/wiki/Aquit%C3%A0nia" class="mw-disambig" title="Aquitània">Aquitània</a>, <a href="/wiki/Normandia" title="Normandia">Normandia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anjau" title="Anjau">Anjau</a>... etc.), menaça a l'origina de conflictes recurrents entre lei rèis francés e anglés (→ <a href="/wiki/1153" class="mw-redirect" title="1153">1153</a>-<a href="/wiki/1154" class="mw-redirect" title="1154">1154</a>). <br /> <b>1153</b>&#160;: presa d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascalon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ascalon (la pagina existís pas)">Ascalon</a>, darrier <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2rt" class="mw-disambig" title="Pòrt">pòrt</a> tengut per lei <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Fatimidas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>, per lei Crosats. <br /> <b>1153-1154</b>&#160;: brèva guèrra entre <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a> après lo maridatge entre <a href="/wiki/Alien%C3%B2r_d%27Aquit%C3%A0nia" title="Alienòr d&#39;Aquitània">Alienòr</a> e <a href="/wiki/Enric_II_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric II d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric II</a>. En cambi d'una indemnitat, <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_VII_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Loís VII de França">Loís VII</a> acceptèt lo maridatge. <br /> <b>1154</b>&#160;: mòrt dau darrier fiu de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Monomaca&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Monomaca (la pagina existís pas)">Vladimir Monomaca</a>. Aquò marca lo començament dau declin definitiu de la <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_de_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus&#39; de Kiev">Rus' de Kiev</a> que formèt desenant un ensemble culturau de plusors principats independents. <br /> <b>1154</b>&#160;: mòrt dau califa <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Az-Zafir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Az-Zafir (la pagina existís pas)">Az-Zafir</a>. Son successor, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Faiz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Faiz (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Faiz</a>, aguèt ges de poder vertadier e la direccion dau Califat passèt entre lei mans dei <a href="/wiki/Visir" title="Visir">visirs</a> e dei faccions. <br /> <b>1157</b>&#160;: dins la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a>, reconquista de la vila d'<a href="/wiki/Almeria" title="Almeria">Almeria</a> per leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohades (la pagina existís pas)">Almohades</a>. <br /> <b>1157</b>&#160;: revòuta dau califa <a href="/wiki/Califat_Abbassida" class="mw-redirect" title="Califat Abbassida">abbassida</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Muqtafi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Muqtafi (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Muqtafi</a> còntra lei <a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">Turcs Seldjokids</a>. Après la revirada d'un sètge turc còntra <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a>, aquò li permetèt de restaurar son <a href="/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia" title="Independéncia">independéncia</a> <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politica</a> en <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Magr%C3%A8b_-_Almohades_(fin_dau_s%C3%A8gle_XII).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Magr%C3%A8b_-_Almohades_%28fin_dau_s%C3%A8gle_XII%29.png/220px-Magr%C3%A8b_-_Almohades_%28fin_dau_s%C3%A8gle_XII%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Magr%C3%A8b_-_Almohades_%28fin_dau_s%C3%A8gle_XII%29.png/330px-Magr%C3%A8b_-_Almohades_%28fin_dau_s%C3%A8gle_XII%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Magr%C3%A8b_-_Almohades_%28fin_dau_s%C3%A8gle_XII%29.png/440px-Magr%C3%A8b_-_Almohades_%28fin_dau_s%C3%A8gle_XII%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Extension dau territòri almohade vèrs la fin dau sègle XII.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1159</b>&#160;: importanta campanha dau califa almohade <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_al-Mumin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd al-Mumin (la pagina existís pas)">Abd al-Mumin</a> per renfòrçar sei posicions en <a href="/wiki/Magr%C3%A8b" title="Magrèb">Magrèb</a> Orientau. Ocupèt plusors vilas importantas de <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> e mai d'una dinastia <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmana</a> locala acceptèt sa senhoriá. Lei Normands de <a href="/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia" title="Sicília">Sicília</a> foguèron obligats de se retirar de la region. <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1159</b>&#160;: guèrra entre <a href="/wiki/Enric_II_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric II d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric II d'Anglatèrra</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ramon_V_de_Tolosa" title="Ramon V de Tolosa">Ramon V de Tolosa</a>. Pasmens, per empedir tota expansion de la poissança angloaquitana, lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_VII_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Loís VII de França">Loís VII de França</a> sostenguèt <a href="/wiki/Tolosa" title="Tolosa">Tolosa</a> entraïnant la revirada de la campanha anglesa. <br /> <b>1159-1160</b>&#160;: mòrt dau papa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_IV&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian IV (la pagina existís pas)">Adrian IV</a> e crisi de succession amb l'eleccion dau papa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_III_(papa)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre III (papa) (la pagina existís pas)">Alexandre III</a> (sostengut per <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a> e lei reiaumes iberics) e de l'antipapa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_IV&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor IV (la pagina existís pas)">Victor IV</a> (sostengut per l'<a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">emperaire germanic</a>. La situacion s'agravèt en <a href="/wiki/1160" class="mw-redirect" title="1160">1160</a> amb l'excomunicacion de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_Barbarossa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic Barbarossa (la pagina existís pas)">Frederic Barbarossa</a>. <br /> <b>1160</b>&#160;: fortificacion de l'<a href="/wiki/Estrech_de_Gibartar" title="Estrech de Gibartar">Estrech de Gibartar</a> per leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohades (la pagina existís pas)">Almohades</a>. <br /> <b>1162</b>&#160;: dins l'<a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Fatimida</a>, presa dau poder per lo visir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawar (la pagina existís pas)">Shawar</a> a après la capitada d'un còp d'Estat. Venguèt rapidament impopular en causa de l'aviditat de son clan (→ <a href="/wiki/1163" class="mw-redirect" title="1163">1163</a>). <br /> <b>1163</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, reversament dau visir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawar (la pagina existís pas)">Shawar</a> per lo generau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dirgham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dirgham (la pagina existís pas)">Dirgham</a>. Lo vencut anèt en <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> demandar l'ajuda de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nur_ad-Din&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nur ad-Din (la pagina existís pas)">Nur ad-Din</a>. Aqueu darrier acceptèt en vista d'estendre son influéncia en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1164" class="mw-redirect" title="1164">1164</a>). <br /> <b>1164</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>, adopcion dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitucions_de_Clarendon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitucions de Clarendon (la pagina existís pas)">constitucions de Clarendon</a>, tèxte de 16 articles depintant lei proceduras judiciàrias aplicablas a l'eleccion e au jutjament dau <a href="/wiki/Clergat" title="Clergat">clergat</a> anglés. L'objectiu èra de restaurar lei dispausicions dau Concordat de Londres de 1107 e de restaurar lo poder reiau sus la Glèisa d'Anglatèrra. L'arquevesque de Cantorbery <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Becket (la pagina existís pas)">Thomas Becket</a> s'i opausèt (e s'exilèt) e lo papa Alexandre III condamnèt dètz articles. Dins aquò, lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Enric_II_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric II d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric II</a> mantenguèt la lèi. <br /> <b>1164</b>&#160;: après lei trèbols deis ans precedents, Egipte foguèt lo teatre d'un conflicte complèx entre lei tropas turcas sostenent <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawar (la pagina existís pas)">Shawar</a>, l'armada dau generau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dirgham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dirgham (la pagina existís pas)">Dirgham</a> e una aliança gropant lei <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">Crosats</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a>. Aprofichant l'ajuda de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nur_ad-Din&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nur ad-Din (la pagina existís pas)">Nur ad-Din</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawar (la pagina existís pas)">Shawar</a> capitèt d'eliminar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dirgham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dirgham (la pagina existís pas)">Dirgham</a> puei organizèt una guèrra entre Turcs e Crosats. Equilibrat amb una victòria turca en <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> mai una situacion a l'avantatge dei Francs en Egipte, lo conflicte s'acabèt per un compromés malaisat que permetèt a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawar (la pagina existís pas)">Shawar</a> de gardar lo poder en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1167" class="mw-redirect" title="1167">1167</a>). <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1167</b>&#160;: debanament dau <a href="/wiki/Concili_de_Sant_Felitz_de_Lauragu%C3%A9s" title="Concili de Sant Felitz de Lauragués">concili catar de Sant Felitz de Lauragués</a> sota la direccion dau papa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bogomilisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bogomilisme (la pagina existís pas)">bogomilista</a> Nicetas de <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ple" title="Constantinòple">Constantinòple</a>. L'objectiu de la reünion — definir lei limits dei diocèsis de Tolosa e de Carcassona — mòstra l'existéncia d'una glèisa <a href="/wiki/Catarisme" title="Catarisme">catara</a> ierarquizada en <a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia" title="Occitània">Occitània</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. <br /> <b>1167</b>&#160;: inquiet après de negociacions diplomaticas entre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawar (la pagina existís pas)">Shawar</a> e lo rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalric_I%C3%A8r_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Amalric Ièr de Jerusalèm (la pagina existís pas)">Amalric de Jerusalèm</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nur_ad-Din&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nur ad-Din (la pagina existís pas)">Nur ad-Din</a> mandèt tornarmai una armada dirigida per lo generau <a href="/wiki/Shirkuh" title="Shirkuh">Shirkuh</a> en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>. Coma en <a href="/wiki/1164" class="mw-redirect" title="1164">1164</a>, lo conflicte s'equilibrèt e lei dos camps negocièron sa retirada. Pasmens, lei <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">Francs</a> aprofichèron la situacion per impausar un <a href="/wiki/Tribut" title="Tribut">tribut</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawar (la pagina existís pas)">Shawar</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1168" class="mw-redirect" title="1168">1168</a>). <br /> <b>1168</b>&#160;: batuts per lei <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danés</a>, lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wends&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wends (la pagina existís pas)">Wends</a> renoncièron a la <a href="/wiki/Piratari%C3%A1" title="Piratariá">piratariá</a> e acceptèron de se convertir au <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a>. Aquò melhorèt fòrça la seguretat dei <a href="/wiki/Naviri" title="Naviri">naviris</a> en <a href="/wiki/Mar_Baltica" title="Mar Baltica">Mar Baltica</a> e permetèt a <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a> d'i afiermar sa dominacion (→ <a href="/wiki/1179" class="mw-redirect" title="1179">1179</a>). <br /> <b>v. 1168</b>&#160;: afeblits per una crisi agricòla grèva, lei <a href="/wiki/Civilizacion_tolt%C3%A8ca" title="Civilizacion toltèca">Toltècs</a> poguèron pas empachar la presa e lo pilhatge de sa capitala, <a href="/wiki/Tula" title="Tula">Tula</a>, per lei Chichimècs. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Folio_from_The_book_of_knowledge_of_ingenious_mechanical_devices_(1354_copy)._Part_of_a_water_clock_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Folio_from_The_book_of_knowledge_of_ingenious_mechanical_devices_%281354_copy%29._Part_of_a_water_clock_%28detail%29.jpg/220px-Folio_from_The_book_of_knowledge_of_ingenious_mechanical_devices_%281354_copy%29._Part_of_a_water_clock_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Folio_from_The_book_of_knowledge_of_ingenious_mechanical_devices_%281354_copy%29._Part_of_a_water_clock_%28detail%29.jpg/330px-Folio_from_The_book_of_knowledge_of_ingenious_mechanical_devices_%281354_copy%29._Part_of_a_water_clock_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Folio_from_The_book_of_knowledge_of_ingenious_mechanical_devices_%281354_copy%29._Part_of_a_water_clock_%28detail%29.jpg/440px-Folio_from_The_book_of_knowledge_of_ingenious_mechanical_devices_%281354_copy%29._Part_of_a_water_clock_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1249" data-file-height="1072" /></a><figcaption>Retrach de <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> realizat vèrs <a href="/wiki/1185" class="mw-redirect" title="1185">1185</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>.</div> <p><b>1168-1169</b>&#160;: crisi novèla en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> amb un cambiament d'aliança novèu de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawar (la pagina existís pas)">Shawar</a> que demandèt encara l'ajuda de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nur_ad-Din&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nur ad-Din (la pagina existís pas)">Nur ad-Din</a> per expulsar lei Francs (sostenguts per lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nur-ad-Din&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nur-ad-Din (la pagina existís pas)">Nur-ad-Din</a> mandèt tornarmai lo generau <a href="/wiki/Shirkuh" title="Shirkuh">Shirkuh</a> dins la region. Aqueu còp, sa victòria foguèt totala e lei venceires assassinèron rapidament <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawar (la pagina existís pas)">Shawar</a>. Puei, <a href="/wiki/Shirkuh" title="Shirkuh">Shirkuh</a> foguèt nomat <a href="/wiki/Visir" title="Visir">visir</a> dau <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Califat Fatimida</a>. Pasmens, quauquei setmanas après aqueu succès, moriguèt en causa d'una malautiá e foguèt remplaçat per son nebòt <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>. Aqueu darrier reprimiguèt una revòuta dei tropas fidèlas au califa e venguèt lo cap vertadier de l'<a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Fatimida</a>. <br /> <b>1170</b>&#160;: assassinat de l'arquevesque <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Becket (la pagina existís pas)">Thomas Becket</a> per un grop de chivaliers fidèus au rèi <a href="/wiki/Enric_II_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric II d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric II d'Anglatèrra</a>. L'escandòl foguèt considerable en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> e lo papa excomuniquèt lo rèi e prononcièt l'interdich sus son reiaume (→ <a href="/wiki/1172" class="mw-redirect" title="1172">1172</a>). <br /> <b>1171</b>&#160;: mòrt dau califa fatimida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Adid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Adid (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Adid</a>. Aquò permetèt a <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> d'abolir lo <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Califat Fatimida</a>. <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> foguèt annexada au domeni de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nur-ad-Din&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nur-ad-Din (la pagina existís pas)">Nur-ad-Din</a>. Pasmens, demorèt sota lo contraròtle de <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>. Lo reiaume nubian de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makuria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Makuria (la pagina existís pas)">Makuria</a> ataquèt lo sud d'<a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> per i protegir lei populacions <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestianas</a>. Dins aquò, foguèt batut e intrèt dins un periòde de declin. <br /> <b>1172</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>, annulacion dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitucions_de_Clarendon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitucions de Clarendon (la pagina existís pas)">constitucions de Clarendon</a> en cambi de la fin dei sancions pontificalas. Pasmens, lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Enric_II_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric II d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric II</a> capitèt de mantenir son autoritat sus lo clergat anglés. <br /> <b>1173-1174</b>&#160;: importanta revòuta còntra lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Enric_II_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric II d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric II d'Anglatèrra</a>. Sostenguda per <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, gropèt lei fius dau rèi, plusors senhors importants e divèrsei vilas. Pasmens, leis insurgents foguèron batuts. <br /> <b>1176</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Mirioc%C3%A8fal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Miriocèfal (la pagina existís pas)">desfacha bizantina de Miriocèfal</a>. En realitat limitada, prenguèt una dimension legendària e foguèt a l'origina de la crisi grèva que menèt l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri Bizantin</a> a la presa de <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a> en <a href="/wiki/1204" class="mw-redirect" title="1204">1204</a>. <br /> <b>1176</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>, creacion de grops de jutges reiaus itinerants (dichs «&#160;eyres&#160;») que sa juridiccion èra pron larga per s'ocupar deis afaires civius e criminaus. Lo ròtle dei juradas localas foguèt pereu renfòrçat. Aquò permetèt de melhorar l'eficacitat de la justiciá dins tot lo reiaume. <br /> <b>1177</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>, autorizacion de bastir de <a href="/wiki/Cement%C3%A8ri" title="Cementèri">cementèris</a> <a href="/wiki/Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Judaïsme">judieus</a>. Pasmens, èra obligatòri de lei crear en fòra dei vilas. <br /> <b>1179</b>&#160;: après lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wends&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wends (la pagina existís pas)">Wends</a>, lei ducs de <a href="/wiki/Pomer%C3%A0nia" title="Pomerània">Pomerània</a> acceptèron de renonciar a la <a href="/wiki/Piratari%C3%A1" title="Piratariá">piratariá</a> après de desfachas còntra <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a>. Lei Danés venguèron ansin la poissança dominanta en <a href="/wiki/Mar_Baltica" title="Mar Baltica">Mar Baltica</a> fins ais <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XIII" title="Sègle XIII">ans 1230-1240</a>. <br /> <b>1180</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, mòrt dau rèi <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_VII_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Loís VII de França">Loís VII</a> que foguèt remplaçat per son fiu <a href="/wiki/Felip_II_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Felip II de França">Felip II</a>. <br /> <b>1180</b>&#160;: mòrt dau <a href="/wiki/Califat_Abbassida" class="mw-redirect" title="Califat Abbassida">califa abbassida</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mustadi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mustadi (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Mustadi</a> que foguèt remplaçat per son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=An-Nasir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="An-Nasir (la pagina existís pas)">An-Nasir</a>. <br /> <b>1180</b>&#160;: illustrant lo renfòrçament progressiu dei monarquias d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> Occidentala, <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a> placèt sa <a href="/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda">moneda</a> sota l'autoritat d'una administracion dirigida per de foncionaris reiaus. Aquò permetèt rapidament d'estabilizar sa qualitat e d'assegurar de revenguts regulars a la corona. <br /> <b>1181-1185</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, guèrra civila entre lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Felip_II_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Felip II de França">Felip II</a> e una coalicion feodala de senhors maucontents de pas participar au govèrn dau reiaume. Lo conflicte s'acabèt per una trèva a l'avantatge dau rèi. <br /> <b>1182-1186</b>&#160;: tiera de conflictes intèrnes dins lo domeni angloaquitan entre lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Enric_II_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric II d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric II d'Anglatèrra</a> e sei fius. S'acabèron per lo decès de plusors fius dau rèi e permetèron au prince <a href="/wiki/Ricard_I%C3%A8r_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricard Ièr d&#39;Anglatèrra">Ricard</a> de venir eiretier dau domeni. De son caire, <a href="/wiki/Enric_II_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric II d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric II</a> privèt sei fius de sei fèus e capitèt de renfòrçar son poder personau. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Tresena_Crosada.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tresena_Crosada.png/220px-Tresena_Crosada.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tresena_Crosada.png/330px-Tresena_Crosada.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Tresena_Crosada.png 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>Victòrias de Saladin en 1187 e Tresena Crosada.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1187</b>&#160;: après una expedicion de pilhatge menada per lo Crosat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_de_Chatillon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Renaud de Chatillon (la pagina existís pas)">Renaud de Chatillon</a>, guèrra entre lei reiaumes crosats e <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>. Entraïnèt la destruccion de l'armada crosada a la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Hattin" title="Batalha de Hattin">batalha de Hattin</a> e permetèt a <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> de reconquistar la màger part dei territòris ocupats per lei Crosats, compres <a href="/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Jerusalèm">Jerusalèm</a>. Pasmens, l'amplor d'aqueu succès causèt una viva reaccion de part dei reiaumes crestians qu'organizèron una crosada novèla (→ <a href="/wiki/1189" class="mw-redirect" title="1189">1189</a>). <br /> <b>1187-1189</b>&#160;: guèrra civila novèla entre <a href="/wiki/Enric_II_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric II d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric II d'Anglatèrra</a> e son fiu <a href="/wiki/Ricard_I%C3%A8r_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricard Ièr d&#39;Anglatèrra">Ricard</a>. Lo conflicte se generalizèt avans de s'acabar amb la mòrt d'<a href="/wiki/Enric_II_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric II d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric II</a> e son remplaçament per <a href="/wiki/Ricard_I%C3%A8r_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricard Ièr d&#39;Anglatèrra">Ricard</a>. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Tresena_Crosada" title="Tresena Crosada">Tresena Crosada</a>.</div> <p><b>1189-1192</b>&#160;: après la reconquista de <a href="/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Jerusalèm">Jerusalèm</a> per <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>, lei sobeirans principaus d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa_Occidentala" title="Euròpa Occidentala">Euròpa Occidentala</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">Sant Empèri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">Ongria</a>...) capitèron de reconquistar mai d'una vila portuària mai poguèron pas avançar vèrs <a href="/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Jerusalèm">Jerusalèm</a>. Finalament, una patz negociada entre <a href="/wiki/Ricard_I%C3%A8r_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricard Ièr d&#39;Anglatèrra">Ricard d'Anglatèrra</a> e <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> laissèt la vila santa ai <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmans</a> tot en i permetent l'intrada dei romieus crestians. <br /> <b>1192</b>&#160;: captura dau rèi <a href="/wiki/Ricard_I%C3%A8r_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricard Ièr d&#39;Anglatèrra">Ricard d'Anglatèrra</a> per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_d%27%C3%80ustria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Leopold d&#39;Àustria (la pagina existís pas)">Leopold d'Àustria</a> durant son viatge de retorn en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>. Aquò entraïnèt de combats intèrnes entre sei partisans e aquelei de son fraire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan d&#39;Anglatèrra (la pagina existís pas)">Joan</a> qu'assaièt d'usurpar lo poder (→ <a href="/wiki/1194" class="mw-redirect" title="1194">1194</a>). <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Societat_per_accions&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Societat per accions (la pagina existís pas)">Societat per accions</a>.</div> <p><b>1192</b>&#160;: a l'iniciativa dau còmte <a href="/wiki/Ramon_VI_de_Tolosa" title="Ramon VI de Tolosa">Ramon VI de Tolosa</a>, creacion de la premiera <a href="/w/index.php?title=Societat_per_accions&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Societat per accions (la pagina existís pas)">societat per accions</a>. Aquò illustra l'aparicion progressiva dau <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalisme</a> durant la segonda mitat de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a>. <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1193</b>&#160;: unificacion dei comtats de <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a" title="Provença">Provença</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Forcauquier" title="Forcauquier">Forcauquier</a> amb lo maridatge d'<a href="/wiki/Anf%C3%B3s_II_de_Proven%C3%A7a" title="Anfós II de Provença">Anfós II de Provença</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gersanda_de_Forcauquier&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gersanda de Forcauquier (la pagina existís pas)">Gersanda de Forcauquier</a>. <br /> <b>1194</b>&#160;: liberacion de <a href="/wiki/Ricard_I%C3%A8r_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricard Ièr d&#39;Anglatèrra">Ricard d'Anglatèrra</a> que capitèt de restablir rapidament l'òrdre dins son reiaume. Aquò marquèt lo començament d'una lònga guèrra entre <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>. <br /> <b>1194</b>&#160;: fin de la poissança <a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">seldjokida</a> après la desfacha e la mòrt dau sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toghril_III&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Toghril III (la pagina existís pas)">Toghril III</a> còntra lei tropas dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanat_de_Khwarezm&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanat de Khwarezm (la pagina existís pas)">Sultanat de Khwarezm</a>. <br /> <b>1195</b>&#160;: dins la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a>, importanta victòria deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohades (la pagina existís pas)">Almohades</a> a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_d%27Alarcos&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha d&#39;Alarcos (la pagina existís pas)">batalha d'Alarcos</a>. Li permetèt de menar d'incursions còntra lei regions meridionalas dau <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_de_Castelha" title="Reiaume de Castelha">reiaume de Castelha</a>. <br /> <b>1196-1197</b>&#160;: intervencion militara dei <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Jin_(1115-1234)" title="Dinastia Jin (1115-1234)">Jin</a> dins l'<a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A8pa" title="Estèpa">estèpa</a> mongòla còntra lei <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a>. Gràcias a l'ajuda de caps locaus, obtenguèron un succès aisat. Aquò li permetèt de melhorar la proteccion de sa frontiera septentrionala. De mai, completèron aqueu succès en restaurant lo poder de seis aliats locaus coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toghril&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Toghril (la pagina existís pas)">Toghril</a> e <a href="/wiki/Temujin" class="mw-redirect" title="Temujin">Temujin</a>. <br /> <b>1199</b>&#160;: mòrt dau rèi <a href="/wiki/Ricard_I%C3%A8r_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricard Ièr d&#39;Anglatèrra">Ricard d'Anglatèrra</a>, tuat per un tir d'<a href="/wiki/Aubaresta" title="Aubaresta">aubaresta</a> au sètge de <a href="/wiki/Chaslu%C3%A7" title="Chasluç">Chasluç</a>. Foguèt remplaçat per son fraire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan d&#39;Anglatèrra (la pagina existís pas)">Joan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1144</b>&#160;: acabament dei trabalhs principaus destinats a crear la necropòli reiala de la <a href="/wiki/Basilica_de_Sant-Den%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica de Sant-Denís">Basilica de Sant-Denís</a>. <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1144</b>&#160;: en <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a" title="Provença">Provença</a>, fondacion de l'<a href="/wiki/Abadi%C3%A1_de_Silvacana" title="Abadiá de Silvacana">Abadiá de Silvacana</a>. <br /> <b>1145</b>&#160;: data supausada de l'acabament de l'<a href="/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura">escritura</a> de l’<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epitome_historion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Epitome historion (la pagina existís pas)">Epitome historion</a></i>, cap d'òbra dau trabalh de l'<a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istorian</a> <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">bizantin</a> <a href="/wiki/Joan_Zonaras" title="Joan Zonaras">Joan Zonaras</a> (vèrs <a href="/wiki/1074" class="mw-redirect" title="1074">1074</a> - mòrt après <a href="/wiki/1159" class="mw-redirect" title="1159">1159</a>). Anant de la Creacion a la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> de l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_I%C3%A8r_Comn%C3%A8n&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexis Ièr Comnèn (la pagina existís pas)">Alexis Comnèn</a>, es l'istòria <a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">medievala</a> en lenga <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8c" class="mw-redirect" title="Grèc">grèga</a> pus lònga que foguèt conservada fins au periòde actuau. A respècte dei trabalhs de sei contemporanèus, coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_Comn%C3%A8n&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ana Comnèn (la pagina existís pas)">Ana Comnèn</a>, a la particularitat de presentar d'un biais negatiu leis eveniments dau rèine d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_I%C3%A8r_Comn%C3%A8n&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexis Ièr Comnèn (la pagina existís pas)">Alexis Comnèn</a> qu'es considerat coma un dictator. <br /> <b>1148</b>&#160;: data probabla de l'acabament de l'escritura de l’<i><a href="/wiki/Alexiada" title="Alexiada">Alexiada</a></i>, òbra majora de l'<a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istoriana</a> e princessa <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">bizantina</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_Comn%C3%A8n&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ana Comnèn (la pagina existís pas)">Ana Comnèn</a> (<a href="/wiki/1083" class="mw-redirect" title="1083">1083</a>-<a href="/wiki/1153" class="mw-redirect" title="1153">1153</a>). Redigida amb un estile fòrça trabalhat e inspirat de la literatura grèga antica, depinta leis eveniments dau rèine de son paire, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_I%C3%A8r_Comn%C3%A8n&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexis Ièr Comnèn (la pagina existís pas)">Alexis Comnèn</a>. <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1160</b>&#160;: fondacion de l'<a href="/wiki/Abadi%C3%A1_dau_Toronet" title="Abadiá dau Toronet">Abadiá cisterciana dau Toronet</a> en <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a" title="Provença">Provença</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sciéncias_e_tecnicas"><span id="Sci.C3.A9ncias_e_tecnicas"></span>Sciéncias e tecnicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Sciéncias e tecnicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Sciéncias e tecnicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1117</b>&#160;: dins una cronica <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">chinesa</a> escricha per l'autor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Yu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhu Yu (la pagina existís pas)">Zhu Yu</a>, descripcion de còcas estancas e d'una <a href="/wiki/Boss%C3%B2la" title="Bossòla">bossòla</a> magnetica destinada ai <a href="/wiki/Naviri" title="Naviri">naviris</a>. <br /> <b>1119</b>&#160;: premiera descripcion de l'utilizacion d'un compàs per de marins en <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a>. <br /> <b>1120</b>&#160;: premiera expression d'una relacion entre lei nocions de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B2r%C3%A7a" title="Fòrça">fòrça</a> e d'<a href="/wiki/Acceleracion" title="Acceleracion">acceleracion</a>. Foguèt l'òbra dau <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòf</a> e sabent <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu%27l-Barakat_al-Baghdadi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu&#39;l-Barakat al-Baghdadi (la pagina existís pas)">Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdadi</a> (vèrs <a href="/wiki/1080" class="mw-redirect" title="1080">1080</a> - <a href="/wiki/1164" class="mw-redirect" title="1164">1164</a> ò <a href="/wiki/1165" class="mw-redirect" title="1165">1165</a>) que prepausèt una explicacion de l'acceleracion dei còrs basada sus una accumulacion de poissança. <br /> <b>1121</b>&#160;: premiera prepausicion d'una teoria de la <a href="/wiki/Gravitacion" title="Gravitacion">gravitacion</a> per lo sabent <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">persan</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khazini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Khazini (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Khazini</a>. Son òbra conoguèt un succès important dins lo monde <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulman</a> mai gaire dins leis autrei regions de la <a href="/wiki/Planeta" title="Planeta">planeta</a> en despiech de la realizacion de plusors observacions e mesuras personalas — causa rara au sègle XII. <br /> <b>1126</b>&#160;: traduccion deis <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elements_d%27Euclide&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elements d&#39;Euclide (la pagina existís pas)">Elements d'Euclide</a></i> de l'<a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">arabi</a> au <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> per lo monge <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abelard_de_Bath&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abelard de Bath (la pagina existís pas)">Abelard de Bath</a> (vèrs <a href="/wiki/1080" class="mw-redirect" title="1080">1080</a> - vèrs <a href="/wiki/1160" class="mw-redirect" title="1160">1160</a>). Aquò anava permetre la difusion de la <a href="/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria">geometria</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">antica</a> en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> e Abelard de Bath es considerat coma lo premier scientific anglés. <br /> <b>1132</b>&#160;: premiera utilizacion documentada d'una pèça d'<a href="/wiki/Artilhari%C3%A1" title="Artilhariá">artilhariá</a> de <a href="/wiki/Polvera" title="Polvera">pouvera negra</a> sus un prat batalhier per lei <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">Chinés</a>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Song_Dynasty_Map.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Song_Dynasty_Map.JPG/220px-Song_Dynasty_Map.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Song_Dynasty_Map.JPG/330px-Song_Dynasty_Map.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Song_Dynasty_Map.JPG/440px-Song_Dynasty_Map.JPG 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> de la carta <i>Yu Ji Tu</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1137</b>&#160;: fin de la gravadura de la carta <i>Yu Ji Tu</i> qu'illustra l'avançada de la cartografia chinesa dau sègle XII. D'una talha totala d'aperaquí un mètre carrat, representa d'un biais fòrça precís lo traçat dau <a href="/wiki/Litorau" title="Litorau">litorau</a> e dei <a href="/wiki/Riu" title="Riu">rius</a> principaus dau país. Utiliza tanben de trachs d'espessor diferenta per simbolizar l'importància diferenta dei rius. <br /> <b>1145</b>&#160;: publicacion dei trabalhs dau <a href="/wiki/Rabin" title="Rabin">rabin</a> e sabent <a href="/w/index.php?title=Savasorda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Savasorda (la pagina existís pas)">Savasorda</a> (<a href="/wiki/1070" class="mw-redirect" title="1070">1070</a>-<a href="/wiki/1136" class="mw-redirect" title="1136">1136</a>) sus leis <a href="/wiki/Equacion" title="Equacion">equacions</a> dau segond gras. Son òbra permetèt la difusion dei coneissenças sus aqueu tipe d'equacion en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>. <br /> <b>1150</b>&#160;: publicacion de l'òbra principala de <a href="/wiki/Bhaskara_II" title="Bhaskara II">Bhaskara II</a> (<a href="/wiki/1114" class="mw-redirect" title="1114">1114</a>-<a href="/wiki/1185" class="mw-redirect" title="1185">1185</a>) que foguèt intitulada <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siddhanta_Shiromani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siddhanta Shiromani (la pagina existís pas)">Siddhanta Shiromani</a></i>. Lo <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematician</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">indian</a> i publiquèt de resultats novèus e importants regardant l'<a href="/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica">aritmetica</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Alg%C3%A8bra" title="Algèbra">algèbra</a> e la geometria deis <a href="/wiki/Esf%C3%A8ra" title="Esfèra">esfèras</a>. En particular, i desvolopèt lei premierei teorias regardant lo calcul diferenciau e i demostrèt l'existéncia de doas racinas carradas per cada nombre. <br /> <b>1154</b>&#160;: illustracion de la difusion dau saber <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">chinés</a> vèrs l'<a href="/wiki/O%C3%A8st" title="Oèst">oèst</a>, construccion dau premier relòtge non chinés equipat d'una sonariá per l'engenhaire arabe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Kaysarani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Kaysarani (la pagina existís pas)">al-Kaysarani</a>. L'objècte foguèt installat en <a href="/wiki/Damasc" title="Damasc">Damasc</a>. <br /> <b>1154</b>&#160;: premier destriament de la diferéncia entre la fòrça motritz d'un objècte (son <a href="/wiki/Pes" title="Pes">pes</a>) e la resisténcia d'un còrs en movement (sa <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">massa</a>). Realizat per lo sabent arabe <a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%A8s" title="Averroès">Averroès</a> (<a href="/wiki/1126" class="mw-redirect" title="1126">1126</a>-<a href="/wiki/1198" class="mw-redirect" title="1198">1198</a>), aqueu progrès demorèt limitat ais objèctes celestiaus e foguèt pas aplicat ai còrs terrèstres avans lo sègle seguent. <br /> <b>1158</b>&#160;: acabament per la religiosa <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemanda</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hildegarda_de_Bingen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hildegarda de Bingen (la pagina existís pas)">Hildegarda de Bingen</a> (<a href="/wiki/1098" class="mw-redirect" title="1098">1098</a>-<a href="/wiki/1179" class="mw-redirect" title="1179">1179</a>) de sei libres sus la <a href="/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina">medecina</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica">botanica</a> que tractavan en particular de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farmacop%C3%A8a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Farmacopèa (la pagina existís pas)">farmacopèa</a>. <br /> <b>1167</b>&#160;: formacion d'una còla de traductors de l'<a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">arabi</a> au <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> dirigida per <a href="/wiki/Gerard_de_Cremona" title="Gerard de Cremona">Gerard de Cremona</a>. Aqueu grop foguèt a l'origina de la traduccion d'un centenau de libres majors dau saber scientific dau periòde e permetèt de difusar en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> lei sciéncias <a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">anticas</a> e arabas. <br /> <b>1185</b>&#160;: premiera mencion d'un <a href="/wiki/Molin_de_vent" title="Molin de vent">molin de vent</a> en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>. <br /> <b>1198</b>&#160;: publicacion d'un tractat dau rabin, mètge e teologian <a href="/wiki/Andalosia" title="Andalosia">andalós</a> <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> (<a href="/wiki/1138" class="mw-redirect" title="1138">1138</a>-<a href="/wiki/1204" class="mw-redirect" title="1204">1204</a>) sus lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poison&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Poison (la pagina existís pas)">poisons</a> e leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antid%C3%B2t&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Antidòt (la pagina existís pas)">antidòts</a>. <br /> <b>1200</b>&#160;: observacion d'<a href="/wiki/Esqueleta" title="Esqueleta">esqueletas</a> de victimas d'una famina grèva per lo mètge e istorian <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">egipcian</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_al-Latif_al-Baghdadi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (la pagina existís pas)">Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi</a>. Aquò li permetèt d'identificar d'errors dins l'òbra de <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a> qu'èra la basa de l'ensenhament de la <a href="/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina">medecina</a> dempuei l'<a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decès"><span id="Dec.C3.A8s"></span>Decès</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Decès" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Decès"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abelard_de_Bath&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abelard de Bath (la pagina existís pas)">Abelard de Bath</a>, sabent e monge <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Ab%C3%A9lard&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Abélard (la pagina existís pas)">Pierre Abélard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòf</a> e <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologian</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu%27l-Barakat_al-Baghdadi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu&#39;l-Barakat al-Baghdadi (la pagina existís pas)">Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòf</a> e sabent <a href="/wiki/Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Judaïsme">judieu</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_IV&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian IV (la pagina existís pas)">Adrian IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">papa</a> <a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicisme">catolic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Afdhal_Kutayfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Afdhal Kutayfat (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Afdhal Kutayfat</a>, visir <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Afdal_Shahanshah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Afdal Shahanshah (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Afdal Shahanshah</a>, visir <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Kaysarani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Kaysarani (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Kaysarani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">arabe</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khazini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Khazini (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Khazini</a>, sabent <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">persan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_ibn_Yusuf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali ibn Yusuf (la pagina existís pas)">Ali ibn Yusuf</a>, sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravide</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Muqtafi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Muqtafi (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Muqtafi</a>, califa <a href="/wiki/Califat_Abbassida" class="mw-redirect" title="Califat Abbassida">abbassida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mustadi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mustadi (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Mustadi</a>, califa <a href="/wiki/Califat_Abbassida" class="mw-redirect" title="Califat Abbassida">abbassida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anf%C3%B3s_I%C3%A8r_d%27Aragon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anfós Ièr d&#39;Aragon (la pagina existís pas)">Anfós I<sup>èr</sup></a>, rèi d'<a href="/wiki/Reialme_d%27Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Reialme d&#39;Aragon">Aragon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%A8s" title="Averroès">Averroès</a>, sabent <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">arabe</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayyub&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayyub (la pagina existís pas)">Ayyub</a>, generau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zengidas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zengidas (la pagina existís pas)">zengida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Az-Zafir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Az-Zafir (la pagina existís pas)">Az-Zafir</a>, califa <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaskara_II" title="Bhaskara II">Bhaskara II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematician</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">indian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baudo%C3%AFn_I%C3%A8r_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baudoïn Ièr de Jerusalèm (la pagina existís pas)">Baudoïn I<sup>èr</sup></a>, rèi de <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Reiaume de Jerusalèm">Jerusalèm</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baudo%C3%AFn_II_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baudoïn II de Jerusalèm (la pagina existís pas)">Baudoïn II</a>, rèi de <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Reiaume de Jerusalèm">Jerusalèm</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertran_de_Tr%C3%ADpol" title="Bertran de Trípol">Bertran de Trípol</a>, còmte de <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%ADpol" class="mw-disambig" title="Trípol">Trípol</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calixte_II" title="Calixte II">Calixte II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">papa</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A8isa_Catolica" class="mw-redirect" title="Glèisa Catolica">Glèisa Catolica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coloman_d%27Ongria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coloman d&#39;Ongria (la pagina existís pas)">Coloman</a>, rèi d'<a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">Ongria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enric_II_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Enric II d&#39;Anglatèrra">Enric II</a>, rèi d'<a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hildegarda_de_Bingen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hildegarda de Bingen (la pagina existís pas)">Hildegarda de Bingen</a>, erudita <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemanda</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Tumart&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Tumart (la pagina existís pas)">Ibn Tumart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologian</a> fondator dau movement <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohades (la pagina existís pas)">almohade</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_ibn_Tashfin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim ibn Tashfin (la pagina existís pas)">Ibrahim ibn Tashfin</a>, sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravide</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Innocenci_II&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Innocenci II (la pagina existís pas)">Innocenci II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">papa</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A8isa_Catolica" class="mw-redirect" title="Glèisa Catolica">Glèisa Catolica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_VII_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Loís VII de França">Loís VII</a>, rèi de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansur_al-Amir_Bi-Ahkamillah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansur al-Amir Bi-Ahkamillah (la pagina existís pas)">Mansur al-Amir Bi-Ahkamillah</a>, califa <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On%C3%B2ri_II" title="Onòri II">Onòri II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">papa</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A8isa_Catolica" class="mw-redirect" title="Glèisa Catolica">Glèisa Catolica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pon%C3%A7_de_Tr%C3%ADpol" title="Ponç de Trípol">Ponç de Trípol</a>, còmte de <a href="/wiki/Comtat_de_Tr%C3%ADpol" title="Comtat de Trípol">Trípol</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_IV_de_Tolosa" title="Ramon IV de Tolosa">Ramon IV de Tolosa</a>, còmte de <a href="/wiki/Comtat_de_Tolosa" title="Comtat de Tolosa">Tolosa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_V_de_Tolosa" title="Ramon V de Tolosa">Ramon V de Tolosa</a>, còmte de <a href="/wiki/Comtat_de_Tolosa" title="Comtat de Tolosa">Tolosa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricard_I%C3%A8r_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricard Ièr d&#39;Anglatèrra">Ricard I<sup>èr</sup></a>, rèi d'<a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salomon_de_Tr%C3%B2ias&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Salomon de Tròias (la pagina existís pas)">Salomon de Tròias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologian</a> e <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòf</a> <a href="/wiki/Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Judaïsme">judieu</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawar (la pagina existís pas)">Shawar</a>, visir <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirkuh" title="Shirkuh">Shirkuh</a>, visir <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a> e generau turc.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Suger (la pagina existís pas)">Suger</a>, abat e <a href="/wiki/Reg%C3%A9ncia" title="Regéncia">regent</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tancred_de_Galil%C3%A8a" title="Tancred de Galilèa">Tancred de Galilèa</a>, prince d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Antioquia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Antioquia (la pagina existís pas)">Antioquia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tashfin_ibn_Ali&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tashfin ibn Ali (la pagina existís pas)">Tashfin ibn Ali</a>, sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravide</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valdemar_I%C3%A8r_(r%C3%A8i_de_Danemarc)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valdemar Ièr (rèi de Danemarc) (la pagina existís pas)">Valdemar I<sup>èr</sup></a>, rèi de <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernat_de_Ventadorn" title="Bernat de Ventadorn">Bernat de Ventadorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trobador" title="Trobador">trobador</a> <a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia" title="Occitània">occitan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Monomaca&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Monomaca (la pagina existís pas)">Vladimir Monomaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_de_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus&#39; de Kiev">grand prince de Kiev</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin (la pagina existís pas)">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a>, sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravide</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohades (la pagina existís pas)">Almohades</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Califat Fatimida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">Crosada</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">Turcs Seldjokids</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XII&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Roquebert" title="Michel Roquebert">Michel Roquebert</a>, <i>L'épopée cathare - I. L'Invasion 1198-1212</i>, Editions Perrin (2006), p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Giuliano Procacci, <i>Histoire des Italiens</i>, Fayard (1998), p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Roquebert" title="Michel Roquebert">Michel Roquebert</a>, <i>L'épopée cathare - I. L'Invasion 1198-1212</i>, Editions Perrin (2006), pp. 103-106.</span> </li> </ol> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐66695f89d8‐gfdf6 Cached time: 20241119180410 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.123 seconds Real time usage: 0.193 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1067/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1360/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 279/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1233/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.003/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 634028/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 51.038 1 -total 38.51% 19.657 4 Modèl:Veire 29.81% 15.215 4 Modèl:Multiparamètres-Ligam 13.76% 7.024 1 Modèl:Dialècte_Provençau 10.70% 5.459 1 Modèl:Icòna_de_títol 7.44% 3.798 8 Modèl:Èr 4.56% 2.326 1 Modèl:Exp --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key ocwiki:pcache:38845:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241119180410 and revision id 2425950. 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