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skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Fizika rootpage-Fizika skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Kontent qismiga oʻtish</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Asosiy menyu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Qatnovi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bosh_Sahifa" title="Bosh sahifaga oʻtish [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Bosh Sahifa</span></a></li><li id="n-Tanlangan-maqolalar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Tanlangan_maqolalar"><span>Tanlangan maqolalar</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:NewPages"><span>Yangi sahifalar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Random" title="Tasodifiy sahifaga oʻtish [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tasodifiy maqola</span></a></li><li id="n-Maqolalar-indeksi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Maqolalar_indeksi"><span>Maqolalar indeksi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Ishtirok" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Ishtirok" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ishtirok </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Xatolar_haqida_xabarlar" title="Ushbu sahifadagi xato haqida xabar berish"><span>Xato haqida xabar berish</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChanges" title="Vikidagi eng so‘nggi o‘zgarishlar ro‘yxati [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Yangi oʻzgarishlar</span></a></li><li id="n-Jamoa-portali" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Jamoa_portali"><span>Jamoa portali</span></a></li><li id="n-Qoidalar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Qoida_va_ko%CA%BBrsatmalar"><span>Qoidalar</span></a></li><li id="n-Yordam" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Yordam"><span>Yordam</span></a></li><li id="n-Forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Forum"><span>Forum</span></a></li><li id="n-Aloqa" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Aloqa"><span>Aloqa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Bosh_Sahifa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipediya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-uz.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-uz.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Vikipediyadan qidirish [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Qidiruv</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipediyadan qidirish" aria-label="Vikipediyadan qidirish" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vikipediyadan qidirish [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Maxsus:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Qidirish</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Shaxsiy uskunalar"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Qiyofa"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Qiyofa" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Qiyofa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz" class=""><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Fizika" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi." class=""><span>Hisob yaratish</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Fizika" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Kirish</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Shaxsiy uskunalar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Shaxsiy uskunalar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Foydalanuvchi menyusi" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz"><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Fizika" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hisob yaratish</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Fizika" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Kirish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chiqishni amalga oshirgan tahrirchilar uchun sahifalar <a href="/wiki/Yordam:Mundarija" aria-label="Tahrirlash haqida batafsil maʼlumot"><span>batafsil maʼlumot</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyContributions" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar roʻyxati [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Qoʻshilgan hissa</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyTalk" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar munozarasi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mundarija" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mundarija</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Manbalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adabiyotlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adabiyotlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Adabiyotlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adabiyotlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Havolalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Havolalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Havolalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Havolalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fizika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 243 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-243" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">243 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – achin" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – nemis (Shveytsariya)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemis (Shveytsariya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%8D%88%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%AE_%E1%88%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8C%8B%E1%89%B5_%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B5" title="የተፈጥሮ ሕግጋት ጥናት – amxar" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የተፈጥሮ ሕግጋት ጥናት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amxar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीव-विज्ञान – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जीव-विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="فيزياء – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيزياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%9F" title="ܦܝܣܝܟ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܝܣܝܟ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%83" title="فيزيك – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فيزيك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فيزيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيزيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পদাৰ্থ বিজ্ঞান – assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পদাৰ্থ বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altelopa" title="Altelopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Altelopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – avadxi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فیزیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیزیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – boshqird" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="boshqird" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiz%C4%97ka" title="Fizėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Fizėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізіка – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фізіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фізыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lmu_tab%C3%A8at" title="Èlmu tabèat – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Èlmu tabèat" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="भौतिकी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भौतिकी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ရူပဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရူပဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B" title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ་ – tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%80" title="ᨄᨗᨔᨗᨀ – bugi" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨗᨔᨗᨀ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Физикэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Физикэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%ACk-l%C4%AB" title="Ŭk-lī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ŭk-lī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – sebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فیزیک – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیزیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – korsikan" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffiseg" title="Ffiseg – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffiseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysik" title="Fysik – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fysik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B6%C3%B6ckat%C9%94%C9%94r" title="Piööckatɔɔr – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piööckatɔɔr" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – quyi sorb" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="quyi sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pijik" title="Pijik – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Pijik" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A9%DE%92%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7%DE%87%DE%A9_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ފީޒިޔާއީ އިލްމު – divexi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފީޒިޔާއީ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divexi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94" title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ – dzongka" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Φυσική – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AEsica" title="Fîsica – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Fîsica" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" title="Physics – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Physics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziko" title="Fiziko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fiziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Füüsika – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Füüsika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فیزیک – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیزیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiikka" title="Fysiikka – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fysiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsiga" title="Füüsiga – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Füüsiga" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiki" title="Fisiki – fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Fisiki" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Alisfrøði – farercha" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alisfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farercha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physique" title="Physique – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Physique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fesica" title="Fesica – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Fesica" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCsiik" title="Füsiik – shimoliy friz" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Füsiik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="shimoliy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiche" title="Fisiche – friul" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Fisiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuerkunde" title="Natuerkunde – g‘arbiy friz" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Natuerkunde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="g‘arbiy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisic" title="Fisic – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fisic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="物理學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiosaig" title="Fiosaig – shotland-gel" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fiosaig" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="shotland-gel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mba%27erekokuaa" title="Mba'erekokuaa – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mba'erekokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AB%8C%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="ભૌતિકશાસ્ત્ર – gujarot" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભૌતિકશાસ્ત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%BCjia" title="Atüjia – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Atüjia" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishig" title="Fishig – men" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fishig" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="men" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vu%CC%8Dt-l%C3%AE-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Vu̍t-lî-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vu̍t-lî-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81laik%C5%ABlohea" title="Kālaikūlohea – gavaycha" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kālaikūlohea" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="gavaycha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="פיזיקה – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיזיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhautik_vigyan" title="Bhautik vigyan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bhautik vigyan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – yuqori sorb" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="yuqori sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – gaityan" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaityan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Ֆիզիկա – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիզիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physica" title="Physica – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Physica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%CC%80m%E1%BB%A5%CC%80nt%E1%BB%A5d%E1%BB%8B" title="Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziko" title="Fiziko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fiziko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%B0lisfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Eðlisfræði – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eðlisfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%86%E1%92%AB%E1%91%A6%E1%93%B1%E1%93%95%E1%95%86%E1%93%82%E1%96%85/umatsuliriniq" title="ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ/umatsuliriniq – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ/umatsuliriniq" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="物理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizix" title="Fizix – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Fizix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/termu%27eske" title="termu'eske – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="termu'eske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ფიზიკა – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasengama" title="Tasengama – kabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasengama" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" title="Physics – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Physics" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uumaatsulerineq" title="Uumaatsulerineq – grenland" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Uumaatsulerineq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="grenland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="រូបវិទ្យា – xmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រូបវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="xmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="물리학 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%9B%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%8F%D8%AA" title="ترٛایُت – kashmircha" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ترٛایُت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmircha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiz%C3%AEk" title="Fizîk – kurdcha" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fizîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysegieth" title="Fysegieth – korn" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Fysegieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physica" title="Physica – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Physica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – lyuksemburgcha" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lyuksemburgcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – lezgin" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebyobuzimbe" title="Ebyobuzimbe – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ebyobuzimbe" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde – limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixica" title="Fixica – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Fixica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADz%C3%ADk%C3%AD" title="Fízíkí – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Fízíkí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%8C" title="ຟີຊິກສ໌ – laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຟີຊິກສ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – madur" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्‍त्र – maythili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भौतिक शास्‍त्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maythili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Физикась – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Физикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – malagasiy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Физике – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Физике" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Физик – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Физик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिकशास्त्र – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भौतिकशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C5%BCika" title="Fiżika – maltiy" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Fiżika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ရူပဗေဒ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရူပဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فزیک – mozandaron" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فزیک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mozandaron" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADseca" title="Físeca – neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Físeca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – quyi nemis" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="quyi nemis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netuurkunde" title="Netuurkunde – quyi sakson" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Netuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="quyi sakson" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – nevar" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisike" title="Fisike – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fisike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C5%B7sique" title="Phŷsique – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Phŷsique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – shimoliy soto" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="shimoliy soto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiiziksii" title="Fiiziksii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Fiiziksii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ପଦାର୍ଥ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପଦାର୍ଥ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Физикæ – osetin" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Физикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsika" title="Físika – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Físika" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisike" title="Fisike – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Fisike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiks" title="Fisiks – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Fisiks" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fìsica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="فزکس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فزکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فزیک – pushtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فزیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pushtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachaykamay" title="Pachaykamay – kechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pachaykamay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizic%C4%83" title="Fizică – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fizică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizic%C3%A2" title="Fizicâ – arumin" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Fizicâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізіка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фізіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="भौतिकशास्त्रम् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भौतिकशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – saxa" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="saxa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica – sardin" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Fìsica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica – sitsiliya" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fìsica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiliya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naitural_philosophy" title="Naitural philosophy – shotland" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Naitural philosophy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="shotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="طبيعيات – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="طبيعيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasngama" title="Tasngama – tashelxit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasngama" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tashelxit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%82%81%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ပၢႆးႁၢင်ႈ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပၢႆးႁၢင်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="භෞතික විද්‍යාව – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="භෞතික විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" title="Physics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Physics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_(%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B3)" title="طبیعیات (فزکس) – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="طبیعیات (فزکس)" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiki" title="Fisiki – samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Fisiki" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundoyetsimba" title="Fundoyetsimba – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Fundoyetsimba" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiisigis" title="Fiisigis – somalicha" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Fiisigis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalicha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabi_fu_natru" title="Sabi fu natru – sranan-tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Sabi fu natru" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan-tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiksi" title="Fisiksi – janubiy soto" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Fisiksi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="janubiy soto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – sundan" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysik" title="Fysik – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fysik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizikia" title="Fizikia – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fizikia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இயற்பியல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயற்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೌತ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭೌತ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="భౌతిక శాస్త్రం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భౌతిక శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – tojik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tojik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ฟิสิกส์ – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟิสิกส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8A%E1%8B%9A%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5" title="ፊዚክስ – tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፊዚክስ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – turkman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik%C9%99" title="Fizikə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fizikə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiki" title="Fisiki – tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Fisiki" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntivo-Ntumbuluko" title="Ntivo-Ntumbuluko – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ntivo-Ntumbuluko" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiks" title="Fisiks – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Fisiks" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – tuva" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7" title="فىزىكا – uyg‘ur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فىزىكا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uyg‘ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізика – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фізика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="طبیعیات – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طبیعیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizega" title="Fizega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fizega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Vật lý học – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vật lý học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCs%C3%BCd" title="Füsüd – volapyuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Füsüd" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizike" title="Fizike – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Fizike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%ABmm" title="Jëmm – volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Jëmm" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="物理学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – qalmoq" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="qalmoq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifiziki" title="Ifiziki – kxosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ifiziki" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="kxosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ფიზიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7" title="פיזיק – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פיזיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADs%C3%ADks%C3%AC" title="Físíksì – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Físíksì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuzlij" title="Vuzlij – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vuzlij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ – tamazigxt" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazigxt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="物理学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="物理學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%CC%8Dt-l%C3%AD-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="物理學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umchazandalo" title="Umchazandalo – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umchazandalo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q413#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Sahifani ko‘rish [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Maqola</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Munozara:Fizika" rel="discussion" title="Sahifa matni borasida munozara [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Til variantini oʻzgartirish" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">lotin/кирилл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-uz mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&variant=uz" lang="uz" hreflang="uz"><span>lotin/кирилл</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-uz-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&variant=uz-latn" lang="uz-Latn" hreflang="uz-Latn"><span>lotin</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-uz-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&variant=uz-cyrl" lang="uz-Cyrl" hreflang="uz-Cyrl"><span>кирилл</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Koʻrinishlar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fizika"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&action=history" title="Bu sahifaning oʻzgarishlar tarixi [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Asboblar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Asboblar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Asboblar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Amallar </div> <div 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id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:WhatLinksHere/Fizika" title="Ushbu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalar roʻyxati [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Bu yerga ishoratlar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChangesLinked/Fizika" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalardagi yangi oʻzgarishlar [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Bogʻliq oʻzgarishlar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:SpecialPages" title="Maxsus sahifalar ro‘yxati [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Maxsus sahifalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&oldid=5193488" title="Sahifaning ushbu versiyasiga doimiy ishorat"><span>Doimiy havola</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&action=info" title="Bu sahifa haqida koʻproq maʼlumot"><span>Sahifa haqida maʼlumot</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CiteThisPage&page=Fizika&id=5193488&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Sahifadan matn parchasi ajratish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFizika"><span>Qisqartirilgan URL-manzilni olish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFizika"><span>QR-kodni yuklab olish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nashr/eksport qilish </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fizika&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF sifatida yuklash</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Ushbu sahifaning bosma uchun versiyasi [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bosma uchun versiya</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Boshqa loyihalarda </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Physics" hreflang="en"><span>Vikiombor</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q413" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikimaʼlumotlar bandi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Qiyofa"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Qiyofa</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4048111">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width: 25em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle navbox-abovebelow"><b>Jami fanlar majmuasi</b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle navbox-abovebelow" style="font-size:175%"><a href="/wiki/Fan" title="Fan">Fan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fan" title="Fan"><img alt="Fan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/uz/thumb/3/3d/Fan_dunyosi.jpg/150px-Fan_dunyosi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/uz/3/3d/Fan_dunyosi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="198" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rasmiy_fan" title="Rasmiy fan">Rasmiy fanlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantiq" title="Mantiq">Mantiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">Matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematik_mantiq" title="Matematik mantiq">Matematik mantiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematik_statistika" title="Matematik statistika">Matematik statistika</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fizik_fan" title="Fizik fan">Fizik fanlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fizika</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaliy_fizika" title="Amaliy fizika">Amaliy fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_fizikasi" title="Atom fizikasi">Atom fizikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksperimental_fizika" title="Eksperimental fizika">Eksperimental fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektr_zanjirlar_nazariyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektr zanjirlar nazariyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Elektr zanjirlar nazariyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementar_zarralar_fizikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementar zarralar fizikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Elementar zarralar fizikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidromexanika" title="Gidromexanika">Gidromexanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisoblash_fizikasi" title="Hisoblash fizikasi">Hisoblash fizikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassik_fizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klassik fizika (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Klassik fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klassik_mexanika" title="Klassik mexanika">Klassik mexanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvant_mexanikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvant mexanikasi">Kvant mexanikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxsus_nisbiylik_nazariyasi" title="Maxsus nisbiylik nazariyasi">Maxsus nisbiylik nazariyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexanika" title="Mexanika">Mexanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazariy_fizika" title="Nazariy fizika">Nazariy fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazma" title="Plazma">Plazma fizikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qattiq_jismlar_fizikasi" title="Qattiq jismlar fizikasi">Qattiq jismlar fizikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qattiq_jismlar_mexanikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qattiq jismlar mexanikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Qattiq jismlar mexanikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reologiya" title="Reologiya">Reologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxion (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Taxion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">Termodinamika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutash_muhitlar_mexanikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutash muhitlar mexanikasi">Tutash muhitlar mexanikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umumiy_nisbiylik_nazariyasi" title="Umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi">Umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yadroviy_fizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yadroviy fizika (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yadroviy fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zamonaviy_fizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zamonaviy fizika (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Zamonaviy fizika</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kimyo" title="Kimyo">Kimyo</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkimyo" title="Alkimyo">Alkimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analitik_kimyo" title="Analitik kimyo">Analitik kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorganik_kimyo" title="Anorganik kimyo">Anorganik kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asos_va_kislotalar_nazariyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asos va kislotalar nazariyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Asos va kislotalar nazariyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrokimyo" title="Astrokimyo">Astrokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atrof_muhit_kimyosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atrof muhit kimyosi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Atrof muhit kimyosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimyo" title="Biokimyo">Biokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fizik_kimyo" title="Fizik kimyo">Fizik kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotokimyo" title="Fotokimyo">Fotokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geokimyo" title="Geokimyo">Geokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristallografiya" title="Kristallografiya">Kristallografiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialshunoslik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materialshunoslik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Materialshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molekular_fizika" title="Molekular fizika">Molekular fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazariy_kimyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazariy kimyo (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Nazariy kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organik_kimyo" title="Organik kimyo">Organik kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oziq_ovqat_kimyosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oziq ovqat kimyosi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Oziq ovqat kimyosi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qattiq_jismlar_kimyosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qattiq jismlar kimyosi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Qattiq jismlar kimyosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiokimyo" title="Radiokimyo">Radiokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereokimyo" title="Stereokimyo">Stereokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supramolekulyar_kimyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supramolekulyar kimyo (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Supramolekulyar kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yadroviy_kimyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yadroviy kimyo (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yadroviy kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yashil_kimyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yashil kimyo (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yashil kimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuza_fani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuza fani (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yuza fani</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya">Astronomiya</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika">Astrofizika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrogeologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrogeologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Astrogeologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaktika_astronomiyasi" title="Galaktika astronomiyasi">Galaktika astronomiyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmologiya" title="Kosmologiya">Kosmologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planetologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planetologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Planetologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulduz" title="Yulduz">Yulduzlar astronomiyasi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yer_haqidagi_fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yer haqidagi fan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yer haqidagi fanlar</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atrof_muhit_muhofazasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atrof muhit muhofazasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Atrof muhit muhofazasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edafologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edafologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Edafologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologiya" title="Ekologiya">Ekologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fazo_fani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fazo fani (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fazo fani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizik_geografiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fizik geografiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fizik geografiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodeziya" title="Geodeziya">Geodeziya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geofizika" title="Geofizika">Geofizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya">Geologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomorfologiya" title="Geomorfologiya">Geomorfologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidrologiya" title="Gidrologiya">Gidrologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyatsiologiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Glyatsiologiya">Glyatsiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqlimshunoslik" title="Iqlimshunoslik">Iqlimshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%CA%BBlshunoslik" title="Koʻlshunoslik">Koʻlshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologiya" title="Meteorologiya">Meteorologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okeanologiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Okeanologiya">Okeanologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoekologiya" title="Paleoekologiya">Paleoekologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoiqlimshunoslik" title="Paleoiqlimshunoslik">Paleoiqlimshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palinologiya" title="Palinologiya">Palinologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedologiya_(tuproq)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedologiya (tuproq) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Pedologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuproqshunoslik" title="Tuproqshunoslik">Tuproqshunoslik</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hayot_haqida_fan" title="Hayot haqida fan">Hayotiy fanlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biologiya" title="Biologiya">Biologiya</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomiya" title="Anatomiya">Anatomiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologiya" title="Astrobiologiya">Astrobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofizika" title="Biofizika">Biofizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogeografiya" title="Biogeografiya">Biogeografiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimyo" title="Biokimyo">Biokimyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biomuhandislik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biomuhandislik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Biomuhandislik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopsixologiya" title="Biopsixologiya">Biopsixologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotexnologiya" title="Biotexnologiya">Biotexnologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika">Botanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologiya" title="Ekologiya">Ekologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnobiologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnobiologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Etnobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etologiya" title="Etologiya">Etologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutsion_biologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutsion biologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Evolutsion biologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiziologiya" title="Fiziologiya">Fiziologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontologiya" title="Gerontologiya">Gerontologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunologiya" title="Immunologiya">Immunologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriobiologiya" title="Kriobiologiya">Kriobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%CA%BBlshunoslik" title="Koʻlshunoslik">Koʻlshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrobiologiya" title="Mikrobiologiya">Mikrobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molekulyar_biologiya" title="Molekulyar biologiya">Molekulyar biologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevrofan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevrofan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Nevrofan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okean_biologiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okean biologiyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Okean biologiyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontologiya" title="Paleontologiya">Paleontologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parazitologiya" title="Parazitologiya">Parazitologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiobiologiya" title="Radiobiologiya">Radiobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivojlanish_biologiyasi" title="Rivojlanish biologiyasi">Rivojlanish biologiyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika">Sistematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitologiya" title="Sitologiya">Sitologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotsiobiologiya" title="Sotsiobiologiya">Sotsiobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabiatni_saqlash_biologiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabiatni saqlash biologiyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tabiatni saqlash biologiyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toksikologiya" title="Toksikologiya">Toksikologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuproq_biologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuproq biologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tuproq biologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoologiya" title="Zoologiya">Zoologiya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ijtimoiy_fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ijtimoiy fan">Ijtimoiy fanlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antropologiya" title="Antropologiya">Antropologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arxeologiya" title="Arxeologiya">Arxeologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demografiya" title="Demografiya">Demografiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huquq" title="Huquq">Huquq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqtisodiy_va_ijtimoiy_geografiya" title="Iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy geografiya">Iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy geografiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqtisodiyot" title="Iqtisodiyot">Iqtisodiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiyatshunoslik" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiyatshunoslik">Jamiyatshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriminologiya" title="Kriminologiya">Kriminologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psixologiya" title="Psixologiya">Psixologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siyosatshunoslik" title="Siyosatshunoslik">Siyosatshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BClim" title="Taʼlim">Taʼlim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilshunoslik" title="Tilshunoslik">Tilshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xalqaro_aloqalar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xalqaro aloqalar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Xalqaro aloqalar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amaliy_fan" title="Amaliy fan">Amaliy fanlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Muhandislik" title="Muhandislik">Muhandislik</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agrotexnika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agrotexnika (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Agrotexnika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aviasozlik_va_kosmonavtika_texnikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aviasozlik va kosmonavtika texnikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Aviasozlik va kosmonavtika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotibbiyot_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biotibbiyot muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Biotibbiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasturiy_ta%CA%BCminot_muhandisligi" title="Dasturiy taʼminot muhandisligi">Dasturiy taʼminot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrotexnika" title="Elektrotexnika">Elektrotexnika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetik_injeneriya" title="Genetik injeneriya">Genetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbiy_muhandislik" title="Harbiy muhandislik">Harbiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informatika" title="Informatika">Informatika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimyoviy_texnologiya" title="Kimyoviy texnologiya">Kimyoviy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompyuter_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompyuter muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kompyuter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashinasozlik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mashinasozlik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Mashinasozlik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operatsion_tadqiqot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operatsion tadqiqot (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Operatsion tadqiqot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qurilish_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qurilish muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Qurulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robototexnika" title="Robototexnika">Robototexnika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanoat_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanoat muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sanoat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tog%CA%BB-kon_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Togʻ-kon muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Togʻ-kon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadro_muhandisligi" title="Yadro muhandisligi">Yadro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yong%CA%BBin_xavfsizligi_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yongʻin xavfsizligi muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yongʻin xavfsizligi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibbiy_fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibbiy fan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tibbiy fanlar</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biomuhandislik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biomuhandislik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Biomuhandislik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiologiya" title="Epidemiologiya">Epidemiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmatsiya" title="Farmatsiya">Farmatsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamshiralik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamshiralik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Hamshiralik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijtimoiy_mehnat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ijtimoiy mehnat (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ijtimoiy mehnat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sog%CA%BBliqni_saqlash" title="Sogʻliqni saqlash">Sogʻliqni saqlash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomatologiya" title="Stomatologiya">Stomatologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibbiyot" title="Tibbiyot">Tibbiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinariya" title="Veterinariya">Veterinariya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interdisiplinar_fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interdisiplinar fan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Interdisiplinar fanlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaliy_fizika" title="Amaliy fizika">Amaliy fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atrof-muhit_ijtimoiy_fani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atrof-muhit ijtimoiy fani (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Atrof-muhit ijtimoiy fani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrof-muhitni_muhofaza_qilish" title="Atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish">Atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioetika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioetika (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Bioetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika">Bioinformatika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biostatistika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biostatistika (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Biostatistika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotibbiyot_muhandisligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biotibbiyot muhandisligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Biotibbiyot muhandisligi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologik_tadqiqotlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekologik tadqiqotlar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ekologik tadqiqotlar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnik_tadqiqotlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnik tadqiqotlar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Etnik tadqiqotlar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolyutsion_psixologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolyutsion psixologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Evolyutsion psixologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fan,_texnologiya_va_jamiyat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fan, texnologiya va jamiyat (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fan, texnologiya va jamiyat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fanshunoslik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fanshunoslik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fanshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbiy_fan" title="Harbiy fan">Harbiy fan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmiy_modellash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmiy modellash (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ilmiy modellash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibernetika" title="Kibernetika">Kibernetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kognitivistika" title="Kognitivistika">Kognitivistika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompyuter_lingvistikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompyuter lingvistikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kompyuter lingvistikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutubxonashunoslik" title="Kutubxonashunoslik">Kutubxonashunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madaniyatshunoslik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madaniyatshunoslik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Madaniyatshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematik_fizika" title="Matematik fizika">Matematik fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematik_va_nazariy_biologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematik va nazariy biologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Matematik va nazariy biologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murakkab_tartib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murakkab tartib (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Murakkab tartib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevrofan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevrofan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Nevrofan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neyromuhandislik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neyromuhandislik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Neyromuhandislik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salomatlik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salomatlik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Salomatlik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotika" title="Semiotika">Semiotika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemologiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistemologiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sistemologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotsiobiologiya" title="Sotsiobiologiya">Sotsiobiologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistika" title="Statistika">Statistika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%CA%BCiy_aql-idrok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunʼiy aql-idrok (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sunʼiy aql-idrok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transdisiplinarlik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transdisiplinarlik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Transdisiplinarlik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=To%CA%BBr_fani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toʻr fani (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Toʻr fani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBrmonshunoslik" title="Oʻrmonshunoslik">Oʻrmonshunoslik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaharsozlik" title="Shaharsozlik">Shaharsozlik</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;">Fan tarixi va falsafasi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_falsafasi" title="Fan falsafasi">Fan falsafasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fan_tarixi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fan tarixi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fan tarixi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuqarolik_fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuqarolik fan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fuqarolik fan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmiy_metod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmiy metod (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ilmiy metod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmiy_siyosat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmiy siyosat (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ilmiy siyosat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Me%CA%BCyoriy_fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meʼyoriy fan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Meʼyoriy fan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protofan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protofan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Protofan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soxta_fan" title="Soxta fan">Soxta fan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texnofan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texnofan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Texnofan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_tafsiloti" title="Fan tafsiloti">Tafsilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fan" title="Portal:Fan">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Fan" title="Turkum:Fan">Turkum</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4048093">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-koʻrish"><a href="/wiki/Andoza:Fan" title="Andoza:Fan"><abbr title="Bu andozani koʻrish">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-munozara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza_munozarasi:Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza munozarasi:Fan (sahifa yaratilmagan)"><abbr title="Bu andozani muhokama qilish">m</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tahrirlash"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Fan" title="Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Fan"><abbr title="Bu andozani tahrirlash">t</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fizika</b> (<a href="/wiki/Grek_tili" class="mw-redirect" title="Grek tili">grekcha</a>: <i><span lang="el">φυσικός</span></i> — „tabiiy“, <i>φύσις (physis)</i> — „tabiat“) tabiiy borliq haqidagi <a href="/wiki/Fan" title="Fan">fan</a> boʻlib, tabiatning eng keng tarqalgan qonunlari, modda, uning tuzilishi, harakati va o'zgarish qoidalarini oʻrganadi. Fizika bu tabiiy fandir, lekin undagi qonuniyatlar va hisob-kitoblar aniqlikka asoslangan. U quyidagi asosiy qismlardan iborat: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Klassik_mexanika" title="Klassik mexanika">Klassik mexanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrodinamika" title="Elektrodinamika">Elektrodinamika</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassik_maydon_nazariyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klassik maydon nazariyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">klassik maydon nazariyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvant_mexanikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvant mexanikasi">Kvant mexanikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistik_fizika" title="Statistik fizika">Statistik fizika</a> va <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">Termodinamika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">Optika</a> va <a href="/wiki/Spektroskopiya" title="Spektroskopiya">Spektroskopiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molekulyar_fizika" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekulyar fizika">Molekulyar fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_fizikasi" title="Atom fizikasi">Atom fizikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvant_maydonlar_nazariyasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvant maydonlar nazariyasi">Kvant maydonlar nazariyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitatsiya" title="Gravitatsiya">Gravitatsiya</a> va <a href="/wiki/Kosmologiya" title="Kosmologiya">Kosmologiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalibrlangan_maydonlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalibrlangan maydonlar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kalibrlangan maydonlar</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersimmetriya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supersimmetriya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Supersimmetriya</a>.</li></ol> <p>Fizika fani eksperimental va nazariy fizikaga boʻlinadi. <a href="/wiki/Eksperimental_fizika" title="Eksperimental fizika">Eksperimental fizika</a> tajribalar asosida yangi maʼlumotlar oladi va qabul qilingan qonunlarni tekshiradi. <a href="/wiki/Nazariy_fizika" title="Nazariy fizika">Nazariy fizika</a> tabiat qonunlarini taʼriflaydi, oʻrganiladigan hodisalarni tushuntiradi va yuz berishi mumkin boʻlgan hodisalarni oldindan aytib beradi. </p><p>Oʻrganilayotgan obʼyektlar va materiallarning harakat shakllariga qarab, fizika fani bir-biri bilan oʻzaro chambarchas bogʻlangan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementar_zarralar_fizikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementar zarralar fizikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">elementar zarralar fizikasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yadro_fizikasi" title="Yadro fizikasi">yadro fizikasi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atom_va_molekulalar_fizikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atom va molekulalar fizikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">atom va molekulalar fizikasi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_va_suyuqliklar_fizikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaz va suyuqliklar fizikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">gaz va suyuqliklar fizikasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qattiq_jismlar_fizikasi" title="Qattiq jismlar fizikasi">qattiq jismlar fizikasi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plazma_fizikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plazma fizikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">plazma fizikasi</a> boʻlimlaridan tashkil topgan. Oʻrganilayotgan jarayonlarga va materiyaning harakat shakllariga qarab, fizika moddiy nuqta va <a href="/wiki/Qattiq_jism" title="Qattiq jism">qattiq jism</a> mexanikasi, <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamika</a> va <a href="/wiki/Statistik_fizika" title="Statistik fizika">statistik fizika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektrodinamika" title="Elektrodinamika">elektrodinamika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kvant_mexanika" title="Kvant mexanika">kvant mexanika</a>, maydon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvant_nazariyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvant nazariyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">kvant nazariyasini</a> oʻz ichiga oladi. </p><p>Fizikaning tarixiy rivojlanishi. Fizika tarixini 3 davrga boʻlib oʻrganish mumkin: </p><p>1) qadimgi zamondan XVII asrgacha boʻlgan davr; </p><p>2) XVII asrdan XIX asr oxirigacha boʻlgan davr. Bu davrdagi fizika fani, odatda, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassik_fizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klassik fizika (sahifa yaratilmagan)">klassik fizika</a> nomi bilan yuritiladi; </p><p>3) XIX asr oxiridan hozirgi paytgacha boʻlgan davr. Hozirgi zamon fizikasi (yoki eng yangi fizika) shu davrga mansub. </p><p>Turli hodisalarni va ularning sababini oʻrganish qad. zamon olimlarining bizgacha yetib kelgan asarlarida aks etgan. Miloddan avvalgi VI asrdan to milodiy II asrgacha boʻlgan davrda moddalarning atomlardan tashkil topganligi haqidagi tushunchalar va gʻoyalar yaratildi (<b><a href="/wiki/Demokrit" title="Demokrit">Demokrit</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Epikur" title="Epikur">Epikur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lukretsiy" title="Lukretsiy">Lukretsiy</a>), dunyoning geosentrik tizimi ishlab chiqildi (Ptolemey), elektr va magnit hodisalari kuzatildi (<a href="/wiki/Fales_Miletlik" title="Fales Miletlik">Fales</a>), <a href="/wiki/Statika" title="Statika">statika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pifagor" title="Pifagor">Pifagor</a>) va <a href="/wiki/Gidrostatika" title="Gidrostatika">gidrostatikaning</a> rivojlanishiga asos solindi (<a href="/wiki/Arximed" title="Arximed">Arximed</a>), yorugʻlik nurining toʻgʻri chizikli tarqalishi va qaytish qonunlari ochildi, miloddan avvalgi IV-asrda <a href="/wiki/Aristotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristotel">Aristotel</a> oʻtmish avlodlar va zamondoshlarining ishlariga yakun yasadi. Aristotelning ijodi yutuqlar bilan birga kamchiliklardan ham holi emas. U tajribalarning mohiyatini tan oldi, ammo uni bilimlarning ishonchli belgisi ekanini inkor etib, asosiy eʼtiborni farosat bilan anglashda, deb bildi. Aristotel ijodining bu tomonlari cherkov namoyandalariga qoʻl kelib, uzoq, davrlar fan taraqqiyotiga toʻsqinlik koʻrsatdilar. IX-XVI asrlarda ilmiy izlanishlar markazi Yaqin va Oʻrta Sharq mamlakatlariga siljidi. Bu davrga kelib, fan rivojiga, jumladan, fizikaning rivojiga <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBrta_Osiyo" title="Oʻrta Osiyo">Oʻrta Osiyo</a> olimlari ulkan hissa qoʻshdilar. <b>Fizika</b>, <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya">astronomiya</a> va tabiatshunoslikka oid masalalar <a href="/wiki/Xorazmiy" title="Xorazmiy">Xorazmiy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Farg%CA%BBoniy" title="Ahmad al-Fargʻoniy">Ahmad al-Fargʻoniy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forobiy" title="Forobiy">Forobiy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Rayhon_Beruniy" title="Abu Rayhon Beruniy">Beruniy</a>, Termiziy, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_ibn_Sino" title="Abu Ali ibn Sino">Ibn Sino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirzo_Ulug%CA%BBbek" title="Mirzo Ulugʻbek">Ulugʻbek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Qushchi" title="Ali Qushchi">Ali Qushchi</a> va boshqa Oʻrta Osiyolik olimlarning ishlarida oʻz aksini topgan. Bu olimlarning fizikaga oid ilmiy ishlari, <a href="/wiki/Mexanika" title="Mexanika">mexanika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geometriya" title="Geometriya">geometriya</a>, osmon mexanikasi, <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optika</a> va turli tabiat hodisalarini oʻrganish bilan bogʻliqdir. <a href="/wiki/Xorazmiy" title="Xorazmiy">Xorazmiy</a> oʻrta asrlarda, nazariy va amaliy <a href="/wiki/Tabiatshunoslik" title="Tabiatshunoslik">tabiatshunoslik</a> hali boʻlmagan davrda, dunyoviy fanlar, ilgʻor ijtimoiy-falsafiy fikrlar ijodkori boʻlib chiqdi. U Sharqning dastlabki akademiyasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayt_ul_Hikma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayt ul Hikma (sahifa yaratilmagan)">„Bayt ul Hikma“</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donolar_uyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donolar uyi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">„Donolar uyi“</a>)ning shakllanishida faol ishtirok etgan. Bu yerda uning rahbarligida <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">arablar</a> va boshqa xalqlar vakillari bilan bir qatorda <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Farg%CA%BBoniy" title="Ahmad al-Fargʻoniy">Ahmad al-Fargʻoniy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axmad_Abdulabbos_Marvaziy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axmad Abdulabbos Marvaziy (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Axmad Abdulabbos Marvaziy</a> kabi Oʻrta Osiyolik olimlar tadqiqotlar olib borganlar. „Algoritm“ soʻzi „Xorazmiy“ soʻzining <a href="/wiki/Lotin_tili" title="Lotin tili">lotincha</a> transkripsiyasi boʻlib, bu soʻzni algebra masalalarini yechishda birinchi marta qoʻllagan edi. Ahmad al-Fargʻoniyning „Osmon jismlari harakati“ kitobi IX asrda bitilgan boʻlib, XII asrda lotin tiliga, XIII asrda Yevropaning boshqa tillariga tarjima qilinib keng tarqalgan edi. Ahmad al-Fargʻoniy asarlari Yevropada Uygʻonish davri ilmiy tadqiqotchilarining asosini tashkil etgan asarlardan boʻldi. U yorugʻlikning sinishi va qaytishini aniqlagan. Fargʻoniy stereografik proyeksiya nazariyasining asoschisi sifatida fazo jismlari harakatining tekisliklardagi proyeksiyalari nisbatlari asosida baʼzi bir kattaliklarni oʻlchash mumkinligini isbotladi. Bu fikr bugun ham astrofizika fanida oʻz qiymatini yoʻqotmagan. </p><p>Beruniy Yerning oʻz oʻqi atrofida aylanishini oʻzi yasagan asboblar yordamida isbotladi va Yer radiusi 6490 km ga yaqin ekanligini aniqladi. U dunyoning moddiyligi, harakatning turlari, atomning boʻlinishi, atomdan keyingi zarralarning oʻzaro taʼsir kuchlari, solishtirma ogʻirlikni aniqlash usullari, jism inersiyasi, boʻshliq, atmosfera bosimi, suyuqliklar gidrostatikasi, qor, yomgʻir va doʻlning paydo boʻlish sabablari, energiya aylanishi, jismlarning elektrlanishi, dengiz hamda ummon suvlarining koʻtarilishi va pasayish sabablari, yorugʻlikning korpuskulyar hamda toʻlqin xossasi, tovush va yorugʻlik tezligi, yorugʻlikning qaytishi hamda sinishining sabablari, dispersiya hodisasi, Yer va boshqa sayyoralarning Quyosh atrofidagi harakatlari ellips shakliga yaqinligi, fazoviy jismlarning vaznsizligi toʻgʻrisida fikrlar yuritdi. Abu Nasr al-Forobiyning tovush tezligi, tovushning toʻlqin tabiati, tovush chastotasi, tovush toʻlqinining uzunligi haqidagi fikrlari va ularga asoslanib yaratilgan musiqa notasi hamda optikaga oid koʻpgina ishlari fizika fanining rivojlanishiga qoʻshilgan katta hissa boʻldi. Ibn Sino harakatning nisbiyligi, inersiya, kuch, massa va tezlanish orasidagi bogʻlanish, aylanma harakat, markazga intilma kuch, chizikli tezlik, boʻshliq va atmosfera bosimi, konveksiya, issiqlikning tabiati, issiqlik uzatilishining turlari, yashin va yashinning turlari, momaqaldiroq hodisasi, tovush va yorugʻlik tezligi, yorugʻlik dispersiyasi, linza, atom tuzil ishi va boshqa mavzularga tegishli mulohazalarining aksariyati hozirgi zamon tushunchalariga juda moye keladi. </p><p>Hakim Termiziy dunyoviy fanlarning ungacha boʻlgan yutuqlarini qomusiy olim sifatida oʻrgandi, jumladan, tabiat hodisalari va jarayonlarini tahlil etuvchi „Solnoma“, „Haftanoma“ kabi asarlari maʼlum. Mirzo Ulugʻbek XV asrda jahonda yagona rasadxona qurdi. Uning „Ziji Koʻragoniy“ asarida astronomiyaning nazariy asoslari yoritdi va 1018 ta yulduzning joylashish koordinatalarini juda katta aniqlikda berdi. Uning qiymatlari hozirgi qiymatlarga juda yaqin. </p><p>Fizik hodisalarni tushuntirishda Oʻrta Osiyolik olimlarning mulohazalari qadimgi anʼanalar taʼsirida rivojlangan boʻlsada, ular matematik usullarni keng joriy etib, tajribalardan foydalanib, fanga katta hissa qoʻshdilar. </p><p>Klassik fizikaning rivojlanishi. XVII asrga kelib G. Galiley mexanik harakatni tajriba yoʻli bilan oʻrganib, harakatni matematik formulalar asosida ifodalash zarurligini aniqladi va bu fizika fanining keskin rivojiga turtki boʻldi. U jismlarning oʻzaro taʼsiri natijasida tezlik oʻzgarib, tezlanish hosil boʻlishini, taʼsir boʻlmaganda harakat holatining oʻzgarmasligi, yaʼni tezlanishning nolga tengligini yoki tezlikning oʻzgarmasdan saqlanishini qayd etib, Aristotelning shu masalaga qarashli fikrini, yaʼni taʼsir natijasida tezlik hosil boʻlishini inkor etadi. Keyinchalik Galiley aniqlagan qonun inersiya qonuni yoki Nyutonning mexanikaga oid birinchi qonuni degan nom oldi. 1600-yilda U. Gilbert elektr va magnit hodisalarni oʻrganish bilan shuhrat qozondi hamda Yer tirik magnit ekanligini isbotladi. U kompas magnit milining burilishini Yerning katta magnitga oʻxshashi orqali tushuntirdi, magnetizm va elektrning oʻzaro bogʻlanishini tekshirdi. Galiley mexanikadagi nisbiylik prinsipini ochdi va erkin tushayotgan jism tezlanishi uning tezligi va massasiga bogʻliq emasligini isbotladi. E.Torrichelli yuqoridagi prinsipdan foydalanib, atmosfera bosimining mavjudligini aniqladi va birinchi barometrni yaratdi. R. Boyl va E. Mariott gazlarning elastikligini aniqladilar hamda gazlar uchun birinchi qonun - Boyl-Mariott qonunini yaratdilar. Gollandiyalik astronom va matematik V. Snellius (Snell) bilan R. Dekart yorugʻlik nurining sinish qonunini ochdilar. </p><p>XVII asr Fizikasining eng katta yutuqlaridan biri klassik mexanikaning yaratilishi boʻldi. I. Nyuton 1687-yilda Galiley va oʻz zamondoshlarining gʻoyalarini umumlashtirib, klassik mexanikaning asosiy qonunlarini taʼriflab berdi. Nyuton tomonidan jismlar holati tushunchasining kiritilishi barcha fizik royalar uchun muhim boʻldi, jismlar tizimining holatini mexanikada ularning koordinatalari va impulslari orqali toʻla aniqlash imkoniyati yaratildi. Agar jismning boshlangʻich vaqtdagi holati hamda harakat davomida unga taʼsir etuvchi kuchlarning tabiati maʼlum boʻlsa, Nyuton qonunlariga asoslangan holda shu jismning harakat tenglamasini tuzish mumkin. Bu harakat tenglamasidan foydalanib, ushbu jismning istalgan vaqtdagi fazodagi oʻrnini, tezlik, tezlanish va fizik kattaliklarni aniqlash mumkin boʻldi. Nyuton sayyoralar harakatlarini tushuntiruvchi Kepler qonunlari asosida butun olam tortishish qonunini ochdi va bu qonun orqali Oy, sayyoralar va kometalar harakatini isbotlab berdi. X. Poygens va G. Leybnis harakat miqdorining saqlanish qonunini taʼrifladilar. </p><p>XVII asrning 2-yarmida fizik optika asoslari yaratila boshlandi, teleskop va boshqa optik qurilmalar yaratildi. Fizik A. Grimaldi yorugʻlik difraksiyasini, I. Nyuton esa yorugʻlik dispersiyasiik tadqiq qildi. 1676-yilda daniyalik astronom O. Ryomer yorugʻlik tezligini oʻlchadi. Shu davrdan yorugʻlikning korpuskulyar va toʻlqin nazariyalari yuzaga keldi hamda rivoj topa boshladi. I. Nyuton yorugʻlikni korpuskula (zarra)lar harakati orqali tushuntirsa, X. Gyuygens uni faraz qilinuvchi muhit — efirda tarqaladigan toʻlqinlar yordamida tushuntirdi. </p><p>Shunday qilib, XVII asrda klassik mexanika mustahkam oʻrin egalladi, akustika, optika, elektr va magnetizm, issiqlik hodisalarini oʻrganish sohalarida katta izlanishlar boshlandi. XVIII asrga kelib tajriba va matematikadan keng foydalangan klassik mexanika va osmon mexanikasi yanada tez surʼatlar bilan rivojlandi. Yer va Osmon hodisalarini mexanika qonunlari orqali tushuntirish asosiy maqsad hamda bosh taʼlimot hisoblanar edi. Hatto, oʻrganilayotgan fizik hodisani mexanika qonunlari orqali tushuntirish mumkin boʻlmasa, tanlangan tushuntirish yoʻli toʻliq emas yoki notoʻgʻri deb yuritilar edi. </p><p>XVIII asrda zarralar va qattiq jismlar mexanikasi bilan birga gaz hamda suyuqliklar mexanikasi rivojlandi. D. Bernulli, L. Eyler, J. Lagranj va boshqalar ideal suyuqlik gidrodinamikasiga asos soldilar. Fransuz olimi Sh. Dyufe elektrning ikki turi mavjudligini aniqladi hamda ularning oʻzaro tortilish va itarilishini koʻrsatdi. Amerikalik olim B. Franklin elektr zaryadining saqlanish qonunini aniqladi. T. Kavendish va undan mustasno Sh. Kulon qoʻzgʻalmas elektr zaryadining oʻzaro taʼsir kuchini tajribada aniqladilar hamda matematik ifodasini topib, asosiy qonun - Kulon qonunini ochdilar. </p><p>Rus fiziklari G. Rixman, M.V. Lomonosov va amerikalik olim B. Franklin atmosferada hosil boʻladigan elektr, yashinning tabiatini tushuntirib berdilar. A. Galvani, A. Volta va keyinchalik rus fizigi hamda elektrotexnigi V. Petrovning kuzatishlari va tadqiqotlari elektrodinamikaning vujudga kelishi hamda tez surʼatlar bilan rivojlanishiga sabab boʻldi. Optika sohasida P. Buger va I. Lambert ishlari tufayli fotometriyaga asos solindi. Infraqizil (ingliz optigi V. Gershel va ingliz kimyogari U. Vollston) va ultrabinafsha (ingliz kimyogari I. Ritter) nurlar mavjudligi aniqlandi. Issiqlik hodisalari, issiqlik miqdori, issiqlik sigʻimi, issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanlik va hokazoni oʻrganishda ham qator izlanishlar olib borildi. M. Lomonosov, R. Boyl, R. Guk, Bernullilar issiqlikning molekulyar-kinetik nazariyasiga asos soldilar. </p><p>XIX asr boshida T. Yung va O. Frenellarning toʻlqin nazariyasi asosida yorugʻlik difraksiyasi va yorugʻlik interferensiyasi yaratildi. Yorugʻlikni koʻndalang toʻlqin sifatida elastik muhitda tarqaladi deb, Frenel singan va qaytgan yorugʻlik toʻlqinlarining intensivligini belgilovchi miqdoriy qonunni aniqladi. Fransuz fizigi E. Malyus yorugʻlikning qutblanishi hodisasini kashf etdi, yorugʻlik spektriga va difraksiyasiga tegishli izlanishlar olib bordi. Yorugʻlikning tabiati haqidagi korpuskulyar va toʻlqin nazariyalari orasidagi deyarli ikki asr davom etgan kurash toʻlqin nazariyasi foydasiga hal boʻldi. </p><p>Italiyalik olimlar A. Galvani va A.Voltalarning elektr tokini kashf etishlari hamda dunyoda birinchi marta 1800-yilda galvanik elementning yasalishi fizika fanining rivojlanishida katta ahamiyatga ega boʻldi. 1820-yilda daniyalik fizik X. Ersted tokli oʻtkazgichning kompas mili bilan oʻzaro taʼsirda boʻlishini elektr va magnit hodisalar orasida bogʻlanish borligi bilan tushuntirdi. Shu yillarda A. Amper zaryadlangan zarralarning tartibli harakati tufayli paydo boʻluvchi elektr toki bilan barcha magnit hodisalari bogʻliq ekanligi toʻgʻrisida xulosaga keldi va tajriba asosida tokli oʻtkazgichlar orasidagi vujudga keluvchi oʻzaro taʼsir kuchini ifodalovchi qonunni ixtiro qildi (Amper qonuni). 1831-yilda M. Faradey elektromagnit induksiya hodisasini ochdi va elektromagnit maydon tushunchasi haqidagi taʼlimotni yaratdi. Metallarning elektr oʻtkazuvchanligini oʻrganish Om qonunining (1826), moddalarning issiqlik xususiyatlarini oʻrganish — issiqlik sigʻimi qonunining yaratilishiga olib keldi. </p><p>Tabiatning barcha hodisalarini bir butun qilib bogʻlovchi energiyaning saqlanish va aylanish qonunining ochilishi tabiatshunoslikda, jumladan, fizikaning rivojlanishida katta ahamiyatga ega. XIX asr oʻrtalariga kelib tajriba orqali issiqlik miqdori bilan bajarilgan ish miqdorining oʻzaro qiyosiy tengligi isbotlandi va shu asosda issiqlik energiyaning maxsus turi ekanligi aniqlandi. Energiyaning saqlanish va aylanish qonuni issiqlik hodisalari nazariyasining asosiy qonuni boʻlib, u termodinamikaning <i>birinchi bosh qonuni</i> deb ataladi. Bu qonunni Yu.R. Mayer taʼriflagan, nemis fizigi G. Gelmgols aniqroq shaklga keltirgan (1874). Termodinamikaning rivojlanishida S. Karno, R. Klauzius, U. Tomson, E. Klapeyron va D.I. Mendeleyevlarning xizmatlari katta boʻldi. S. Karno issiqlikning mexanik harakatga aylanishini aniqladi, R. Klauzius, U. Tomson issiqlik nazariyasining asosiy qonuni - termodinamikaning <i>ikkinchi bosh qonuni</i>ni taʼrifladilar, R. Boyl, E. Mariott, J. Gey - Lyussak, B. Klapeyron ideal gazning holat tenglamasini aniqladilar. D.I. Mendeleyev uni barcha gazlar uchun umumlashtirdi va hokazo. Termodinamika bilan birga issiqlikning molekulyar-kinetik nazariyasi rivojlanib bordi. A. Eynshteyn, polyak fizigi M. Smoluxovskiy va fransuz fizigi J. Perrenlar Broun harakati atom hamda molekulalarning issiqlik harakati ekanligini isbotlab, molekulyar-kinetik nazariya asoslari boʻlgan Broun harakatining miqdoriy nazariyasini yaratdilar. Bu esa, oʻz navbatida, statistik mexanikaning toʻla tan olinishiga olib keldi. J.K. Maksvell kiritgan ehtimollik xarakteriga ega boʻlgan statistik tushunchalar asosida gazlardagi molekulalar tezligi, erkin yugurish uzunligi, vaqt birligi ichidagi toʻqnashuvlar soni va boshqa kattaliklarning oʻrtacha qiymatlarini topishga yoʻl ochildi, uning molekulalarning oʻrtacha kinetik energiyasiga bogʻliqligi koʻrsatildi. Materiyaning kinetik nazariyasi taraqqiy etishi L. Bolsman tomonidan statistik mexanika - Bolsman statistikasi yaratilishiga olib keldi. XIX asrning 2-yarmida J.K. Maksvell elektromagnit hodisalarning elektromagnit maydon tushunchasiga asoslangan yangi nazariyasini va uni ifodalovchi tegishli tenglamalar tizimini yaratdi. U tabiatda elektromagnit toʻlqinlarning mavjudligini, ularning aniq, xususiyatlari — bosimi, difraksiyasi, interferensiyasi, tarqalish tezligi, qutblanishi va hokazo borligini aniqladi. Maksvell nazariyasining eng muhim natijasi elektromagnit toʻlqinlarning tarqalish tezligi yorugʻlik tezligiga teng boʻlgan qiymatga ega ekanligi toʻgʻrisidagi xulosa hisoblandi. Maksvell nazariyasidan yorugʻlikning elektromagnit xususiyatiga ega ekanligi kelib chiqdi. G. Gersning elektromagnit toʻlqinlarni aniqlash boʻyicha olib borgan tajribalari buni tasdiqladi. 1899-yil P. Lebedev yorugʻlikning bosimini tajriba orqali aniqladi. 1895-yilda A.S. Popov Maksvell nazariyasidan foydalanib simsiz aloqani yaratdi. Yuqoridagi va boshqa tajribalar Maksvellning elektromagnit nazariyasi toʻgʻriligiga yakun yasadi. </p><p>Shunday qilib, XIX asr fizikasi 2 boʻlimdan — jismlar fizikasi va maydon fizikasidan iborat boʻldi. Jismlar fizikasi asosida molekulyar-kinetik nazariya qabul qilingan boʻlsa, maydon fizikasida elektromagnit maydon nazariyasi asosiy rol oʻynadi. </p><p>Klassik fizika modda, vaqt, fazo, massa, energiya va hokazo haqidagi maxsus tasavvurlar, tushunchalar, qonunlar, prinsiplardan tashkil topgan. U klassik mexanika, klassik statistika, klassik termodinamika, klassik elektrodinamika va boshqa boʻlimlarga boʻlinadi. Klassik mexanikada harakat qonunlari — Nyuton qonunlaridan iborat. Moddiy nuqta, mutlaq qattiq jism, tutash mux,itlar tushunchalari muhim rol oʻynaydi. Bularga moye tarzda moddiy nuqta mexanikasi, mutlaq qattiq jism mexanikasi, tutash muhit mexanikasi mavjud. </p><p>Koʻp amaliy hollarda qoniqarli natijalar beradigan klassik fizika katta tezliklar va mikroobʼyektlar bilan bogʻliq hodisalarni toʻgʻri tushuntirishga ojizlik qildi. Shunday hodisalar qatoriga qattiq jismlarning issiqlik sigʻimi, atom tizimlarining tuzilishi va ulardagi oʻzgarishlar xarakteri, elementar zarralarning oʻzaro taʼsiri hamda bir-biriga aylanishi, mikrotizimlardagi energetik holatlarning uzlukli oʻzgarishi, massaning tezlikka bogʻliqligi va boshqa masalalar kiradi. Fizikaning yangi taraqqiyoti yuqoridagiga oʻxshash hodisalarni ham toʻgʻri tushuntirib bera oladigan yangi, noklassik tasavvurlarga olib keldi. Bunday tasavvurlarga asoslangan yangi fizika maydon kvant nazariyasi va nisbiylik nazariyasiaan iborat. </p><p>Fizikaning klassik va noklassik fizikaga ajratilishi shartlidir. Galiley-Nyuton mexanikasi, Faradey-Maksvell elektrodinamikasi, Bolsman-Gibbs statistikasini, odatda, klassik fizikaga, maydon kvant nazariyasi va nisbiylik nazariyasini hozirgi zamon fizikasiga kiritishadi. Tarixiy jihatdan bu haqiqatan ham shunday. Ammo klassik fizika bilan hozirgi zamon fizikasini bir-biriga qarshi qoʻyish asossizdir. Yangi texnika, kosmosni egallash kabi sohalarda klassik fizikadan keng foydalanib muhim yutuqlarga erishilmoqda. Maksvell tomonidan elektromagnit hodisalarni oʻrganish jarayonlari uning "Klassik elektrodinamika"si yaratishi bilan yakunlandi. 1897-yilda J. Tomsonning elektron zarrasining ochishi bilan fizika rivojida yangi davr boshlandi. </p><p>Hozirgi zamon fizikasi. XIX asr oxirida aniqlangan qator yangiliklar (elektronning ochilishi, elektron massasining tezlik oʻzgarishi bilan oʻzgarishi, harakatlanuvchi tizimlarda elektromagnit hodisalarining roʻy berishidagi qonuniyatlar va boshqalar) Nyutonning fazo va vaqt mutlaqligi toʻgʻrisidagi tasavvurlarini tanqidiy tekshirib chiqish kerakligini koʻrsatdi. J.Puankare, X.A. Lorens kabi olimlar bu sohada tadqiqotlar olib borishdi. 1900-yilda M. Plank nur chiqarayotgan tizim — ossillyatorning nurlanish energiyasi uzluksiz qiymatlarga ega degan klassik fikrni rad etib, bu energiya faqat uzlukli qiymatlar (kvantlar)dangina iborat degan butunlay yangi farazni ilgari surdi. Shunga asoslanib nazariya bilan tajriba natijalarini taqqoslanganda ularning mos kelishini aniqladi. Plank gipotezasini A. Eynshteyn rivojlantirib, yorugʻlik nurlanganda ham, tarqalganda ham kvantlar — maxsus zarralardan tashkil topadi degan fikrga keldi. Bu zarralar fotonlar deb ataldi. Foton iborasini 1905-yilda A.Eynshteyn fotoeffekt nazariyasini talqin etishda qoʻllagan, bu ibora fizika fanida 1929-yildagina paydo boʻldi. Shunday qilib, fotonlar nazariyasiga muvofiq yorugʻlik toʻlqin (interferensiya, difraksiya) va zarra (korpuskulyar) xususiyatga ega. </p><p>1905-yilda A. Eynshteyn Plank gipotezasini rivojlantirib, maxsus nisbiylik nazariyasini yaratdi. 1911-yilda E. Rezerfordning alfa zarralarning jismlarda sochilishini tekshirish tajribasi atomlar yadrosining mavjudligini isbotladi va u atomlarning planetar modelini yaratdi. 1913-yilda N. Bor nurlanishning kvant xarakteri asosida atomlardagi elektronlar maʼlum barqaror holatlargagina ega boʻlib, bu holatlarda energiya nurlanishi sodir boʻlmaydi, degan postulatni yaratdi. Nurlanish elektronlarning bir barqaror holatdan ikkinchi barqaror holatga "sakrab oʻtishi"da, yaʼni diskret ravishda roʻy beradi. Bu postulat oʻsha yili J. Frank va G. Gers oʻtkazgan tajribalarda tasdiqlandi. Bor postulati atomning planetar modeli kvant xarakterga ega ekanligini koʻrsatadi. </p><p>A. Eynshteyn butun olam tortishishi (gravitatsiya) masalasi bilan shugʻullanib, 1916-yilda fazo, vaqt va tortishishning yangi nazariyasi — <a href="/wiki/Umumiy_nisbiylik_nazariyasi" title="Umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi">Umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi</a>(UNN)ni yaratdi. Ilgaridan maʼlum va kuzatilgan, ammo toʻgʻri hamda mukammal ilmiy tushuntirilmasdan kelayotgan qator hodisa va faktlar nisbiylik nazariyasi tufayli har tomonlama oydinlashdi. Bu nazariya oʻziga qadar fanga maʼlum boʻlmagan koʻplab yangi hodisalar qonunlarning borligini oldindan aytib berdi, eng yangi fan uchun gʻoyat zarur boʻlgan natija va xulosalarga erishildi (massaning tezlik oʻzgarishi bilan oʻzgarishi, massa bilan energiyaning oʻzaro bogʻlanishi, yorugʻlik nurlarining kosmosdagi jismlarning yaqin atrofidan chetlanib ogʻishi va boshqalar). M. Laue kristallarda atomlarning tartibli joylashishini rentgen nurlari difraksiyasi yordamida birinchi boʻlib tushuntirib berdi. Rus fizigi G.V. Vulf va ingliz fizigi U.L. Bregg kristallarda atomlarning joylashishini, ular oraligʻidagi masofalarni aniqlab, rentgen strukturalari taxliliga asos soldilar. P. Debai, M. Bornlar kristall panjaralari garmonik tebranib turadigan ossilyatorlar yigʻindisidan iborat, deb tushuntirdilar. </p><p>XX asrning 20-yillariga kelib, kvant mexanikaga toʻla asos solindi, mikrozarralar harakatining norelyativistik nazariyasi toʻla isbotlandi. Buning asosini Plank - Eynshteyn - Borlarning kvantlashuv va L. Broylning materiyaning korpuskulyar-toʻlqin xususiyati toʻgʻrisidagi (1924) gʻoyalari tashkil etdi. 1927-yilda tajribalarda kuzatilgan elektron difraksiyasi bu fikrni tasdiqladi. 1926-yilda avstriyalik fizik E. Shryodinger atomlarning uzlukli energiyaga ega ekanligini ifodalovchi kvant mexanikaning asosiy tenglamasini yaratdi. </p><p>Kvant mexanika bilan bir qatorda kvant statistika ham rivojlanib bordi. U koʻp mikrozarralardan tashkil topgan tizimlarning xossalarini kvant mexanika qonunlari yordamida oʻrganadi. 1924-yilda hindistonlik fizik Sh. Boze kvant statistikasi qonuniyatlarini fotonlarga (spinlari 1 ga teng) tatbiq etib, muvozanatli nurlanish spektrida energiyaning taqsimlanishi uchun Plank formulasini, Eynshteyn esa ideal gaz uchun energiyaning taqsimlanish formulasini keltirib chiqardi. 1925-yilda amerikalik fiziklar J. Ulenbek va S. Gausmit elektronning xususiy harakat miqdori momentini aniqladilar. Shu yili V. Pauli bir xil kvant holatda faqat bittagina elektron boʻla olishini koʻrsatdi (Pauli prinsipi), shu asosda Mendeleyev davriy sistemasiga nazariy asos berildi. </p><p>1926-yilda E. Fermi va P. Dirak Pauli prinsipiga boʻysunadigan, spinlari 1/2 ga teng boʻlgan, bir xildagi zarralar tizimi uchun Fermi-Dirak statistikasini kashf qildilar. </p><p>1928-yilda Ya. Frenkel va V. Geyzenberg ferromagnetizm asosida kvantli almashinishdagi oʻzaro taʼsirlar hal qiluvchi ekanligini koʻrsatdilar. 1932-1933-yillarda fransuz fizigi L. Neyel va Ya. Landaular antiferromagnitizm mavjud ekanligini oldindan bashorat qildilar. X. Kamerling Onnes tomonidan simob, qalay va baʼzi elementlarning oʻta oʻtkazuvchanligining hamda Kapitsa tomonidan geliy II ning, oʻta oquvchanligi ochilishi kvant statistikasida yangi yoʻnalishlarning vujudga kelishiga olib keldi. 1950-yilga kelib L. Landau va V. Ginzburg oʻta oʻtkazuvchanlikning batafsil nazariyasini ishlab chiqdilar. </p><p>1916-yilda <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Eynshteyn</a> yaratgan majburiy nurlanishning kvant nazariyasi asosida 50-yillarga kelib yangi kvant elektronikasi rivoj topdi. N. Basov va A. Proxorov (ulardan mustaqil tarzda amerikalik olim U. Tauns) yaratgan mazerda elektromagnit toʻlqinlarni hosil qilish va kuchaytirishni amalga oshirdilar. Bu 60-yillarda yorugʻlikning kvant generatori - lazerning yaratilishiga olib keldi. </p><p>XX asrning 2-choragida atom yadrolari tizimi sirlarini va mavjud boʻlayotgan jarayonlarni oʻrganish bilan elementar zarralar fizikasining yaratilishi fizikada inqilobiy oʻzgarishlar boʻlishiga olib keldi. </p><p>A.E. Bekkerel P. Kyuri va M. Sklodovskaya Kyuri bilan hamkorlikda radioaktiv nurlanishni, keyinchalik E. Rezerford bu nurlanishning oʻz-oʻzidan parchalanishi nurlanish bilan birgalikda hosil boʻlishini ochdilar. 1932-yilda J.Chedvik neytron zarrani ochdi. Rus olimi D.D. Ivanenko va V. Geyzenberglar atom yadrosining proton va neytrondan iborat ekanligini aniqladilar. 1934-yilda I. Jolio va Kyurilar sunʼiy radioaktivlik hodisasini ochdilar. </p><p>Tezlatkichlarning yaratilishi zaryadlangan zarralar taʼsirida yadro reaksiyalari hosil qilish imkonini yaratdi. Yadro boʻlinishlari hodisasining ochilishi muhim natija boʻldi. 1939-1945-yillarda birinchi marta <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U^{235}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>235</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U^{235}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fde2a64344d881ea87f055eaafb9e182abe707df" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.539ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U^{235}}"></span> zanjir reaksiyasi yordamida yadro energiyasi ajralib chiqishiga erishildi. Bu energiyadan tinch maqsadda foydalanish 1954-yildan amalga oshdi. 1952-yilda termoyadro sintezi (termoyadro portlashi) amalga oshirildi. </p><p>Atom yadrosi fizikasi rivoji bilan bir vaqtda elementar zarralar fizikasi ham rivojlandi. Birinchi muhim yutuqlar kosmik nurlarni tadqiq qilish bilan bogʻliqdir. Myuonlar, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9be4ba0bb8df3af72e90a0535fabcc17431e540a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.332ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi }"></span> mezonlar, K mezonlar, giperonlar kabi zarralar topildi. Yuqori energiyali zaryadli zarralar tezlatkichlari yaratilishi bilan elementar zarralar, ularning xususiyatlari va oʻzaro taʼsirlari rejali tadqiq qilina boshladi. Tajribalarda ikki xil neytrinolar va boshqa koʻplab elementar zarralar ochildi. </p><p>Fizika tekshiradigan hodisalarni miqdoriy tahlil qilishda matematikadan keng foydalanadi. Hodisalarning oʻtishi va ularning tabiatidagi murakkablikka qarab qoʻllaniladigan matematika usullari ham murakkablashadi. Hozirgi davrda elementar matematika, differensial, integral hisoblar, analitik geometriya, oddiy differensial tenglamalar bilangina cheklanib qolish mumkin emas. Masalan, maydon nazariyasida tenzorlar, operatorlar kabi tushunchalardan keng foydalaniladi. Fizikaning rivojlanishi hamma vaqt boshqa tabiiy fanlar bilan chambarchas bogʻliq boʻlib kelgan. Fizikaning rivojlanishi boshqa tabiiy fanlarning rivojlanishiga va koʻpgina hollarda yangi fanlarning vujudga kelishiga olib kelgan. Masalan, fiziklar tomonidan mikroskopning ixtiro etilishi <a href="/wiki/Kimyo" title="Kimyo">kimyo</a>, biologiya, zoologiya fanlarining keng koʻlamda rivojlanishiga sabab boʻldi. Teleskopning yaratilishi, spektral analiz qonunlarining kashf etilishi astronomiya fanining rivojlanishini jadallashtirdi. Elektromagnit induksiya hodisasining kashf etilishi va radioning ixtiro etilishi elektronika va radiotexnika fanlarining vujudga kelishiga olib keldi. Juda koʻp sohalar borki, ularni fizika boshqa fanlar bilan birgalikda oʻrganadi. Shu tariqa kimyoviy fizika, biofizika, astrofizika, geofizika va boshqa fanlar vujudga kelgan. Fizikada yaratilgan kashfiyotlar texnikaning turli sohalari rivojlanishiga, provardida sanoat va xalq xoʻjaligining jadal rivojlanishiga olib kelgan. Kundalik hayotda ishlatilayotgan elektr yoritkich asboblari, radiopriyomniklar, televizorlar, zavod va fabrikalardagi turli xil stanoklar, zamonaviy elektron hisoblash mashinalari, samolyotlar va boshqalar fizikadagi yaratilgan kashfiyotlarning natijasidir. Oʻz navbatida, texnika fanlarining erishgan yutuqlari fizikaning yanada rivojlanishiga sababchi boʻlgan. Texnikaning, umuman xalq xoʻjaligining rivojlanib borishida uzluksiz ravishsa vujudga keluvchi fizik muammolarni hal etib borishga toʻgʻri keldi. Bu esa texnika fanlarining hamma vaqt fizika bilan xamkorlikda ish olib borishini taqozo etadi. Oʻzbekistonda yadro fizikasi, fizik elektronika, qattiq jismlar fizikasi, yuqori energiyali va kosmik nurlar fizikasi, yarimoʻtkazgichlar fizikasi, akustooptika, akustoelektronika, lazerlar fizikasi, geliofizika, geliotexnika va boshqa fizika sohalarida muhim yutuqlarga erishildi. </p><p>Hozir Oʻzbekiston Fanlar akademiyasi Yadro fizikasi instituti, Fizika-texnika instituti, S.A. Azimov nomidagi "Fizika-Quyosh" IICHB, U.O.Orifov nomidagi Elektronika instituti kabi oʻnlab ilmiy muassasalar, O'zbekiston Milliy Universiteti, Samarqand davlat universiteti, Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti va respublikadagi qariyb barcha oliy oʻquv yurtlarida ham fizika fanining turli muammmolariga oid ishlar olib borilmoqda.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">U.O.Orifov, S.A.Azimov, SV.Starodubsev, S.U.Umarov, Gʻ.Yo.Umarov, R.B.Bekjonov, M.S.Saidov, U.Gʻ.Gʻulomov, P.Q.Habibullayev, Q. Gʻ.Gʻulomov, FizikaRasulov, N.Y.Toʻrayev, M.M.Musaxonov, B.S. Yoʻldoshev, A.K.. Otaxoʻjayev, R.A. Moʻminov, A.T. Mamadalimov, T.M. Moʻminov, M.S. Yunusov, N. Toʻrayev, A. Noʻʼmonxoʻjayev, M. Rasulova va boshqalarning xizmatlari katta „Fizika“ <i><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzME" class="mw-redirect" title="OʻzME">OʻzME</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://n.ziyouz.com/books/uzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi/Oʻzbekiston%20Milliy%20Ensiklopediyasi%20-%20F%20harfi.pdf">F-harfi</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i>sayt ishlamaydi</i>]</span></sup> Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3736688">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style></p><table class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation" style="border: 1px dashed #f4c430; width: 65%; margin: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/40px-Enciklopedia_stub.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/60px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/80px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="538" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-style: italic;">Ushbu maqolada <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi" title="Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi</a> (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adabiyotlar">Adabiyotlar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Adabiyotlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Adabiyotlar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kudryavsev P.S, Kratkiy kurs istorii fiziki, Moskva, 1974</li> <li>M.N.Rahmatov, Vatanimiz fiziklari, Toshkent, 1983</li> <li>M.Ahadova, Oʻrta Osiyolik mashhur olimlar va ularning matematikaga doyr ishlari, Toshkent, 1983</li> <li>Klassicheskaya nauka Sredney Azii i sovremennaya mirovaya sivilizatsiya, Toshkent, 2000.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Havolalar">Havolalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Havolalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Havolalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ziyonet.uz/uzl/library/libid/10500">Fizika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> saytida 2013-09-06 sanasida <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130906062449/http://www.ziyonet.uz/uzl/library/libid/10500">arxivlangan</a>), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziyonet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziyonet (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ziyonet</a></i></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 1px; background: #f7f8ff; border:1px solid #8888aa;" class="NavFrame"> <div style="background: #ccccff" class="NavHead"><b><a href="/wiki/Tabiiy_fanlar" title="Tabiiy fanlar">Tabiiy fanlar</a></b> </div> <div class="NavContent" align="center"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya">Astronomiya</a> | <a href="/wiki/Biologiya" title="Biologiya">Biologiya</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kimyo" title="Kimyo">Kimyo</a> | <a href="/wiki/Geografiya" title="Geografiya">Geografiya</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fizika</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4048241">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Tashqi_havolalar_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Buni_Vikimaʼlumotlarda_tahrirlash&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413&#124;class=noprint&#124;Buni_Vikimaʼlumotlarda_tahrirlash" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Tashqi_havolalar_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Buni_Vikimaʼlumotlarda_tahrirlash&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413&#124;class=noprint&#124;Buni_Vikimaʼlumotlarda_tahrirlash" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yordam:Tashqi_havolalar" title="Yordam:Tashqi havolalar">Tashqi havolalar</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413" title="Buni Vikimaʼlumotlarda tahrirlash"><img alt="Buni Vikimaʼlumotlarda tahrirlash" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="extiw" title="en:Bibliothèque nationale de France">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933127h">cb11933127h</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933127h">(maʼlumot)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="extiw" title="en:Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4045956-1">4045956-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="extiw" title="en:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/008284">008284</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="extiw" title="en:Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85101653">sh85101653</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" class="extiw" title="en:National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10644534">10644534</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="extiw" title="en:National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561121">00561121</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="extiw" title="en:National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114601&CON_LNG=ENG">ph114601</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">NLK id KSH1998014364 yaroqsiz.</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" align="center" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Science-template.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fanlar"><img alt="Fanlar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Science-template.svg/30px-Science-template.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Science-template.svg/45px-Science-template.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Science-template.svg/60px-Science-template.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td><center><i>Fanlar haqidagi ushbu maqola <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Chala_maqolalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipediya:Chala maqolalar">chaladir</a>. Siz uni <a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fizika&action=edit">boyitib,</a> <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya" title="Vikipediya">Vikipediyaga</a> yordam berishingiz mumkin.</i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048093"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-koʻrish"><a href="/wiki/Andoza:Fanlar-stub" title="Andoza:Fanlar-stub"><abbr title="Bu andozani koʻrish">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-munozara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza_munozarasi:Fanlar-stub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza munozarasi:Fanlar-stub (sahifa yaratilmagan)"><abbr title="Bu andozani muhokama qilish">m</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tahrirlash"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Fanlar-stub" title="Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Fanlar-stub"><abbr title="Bu andozani tahrirlash">t</abbr></a></li></ul></div></center></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" align="center" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fizika"><img alt="Fizika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/45px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/68px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/90px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td><center><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fizikaga</a> oid ushbu maqola <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Chala_maqolalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipediya:Chala maqolalar">chaladir</a>. Siz uni <a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fizika&action=edit">boyitib,</a> <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya" title="Vikipediya">Vikipediyaga</a> yordam berishingiz mumkin.</i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048093"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-koʻrish"><a href="/wiki/Andoza:Phys-stub" title="Andoza:Phys-stub"><abbr title="Bu andozani koʻrish">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-munozara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza_munozarasi:Phys-stub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza munozarasi:Phys-stub (sahifa yaratilmagan)"><abbr title="Bu andozani muhokama qilish">m</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tahrirlash"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Phys-stub" title="Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Phys-stub"><abbr title="Bu andozani tahrirlash">t</abbr></a></li></ul></div></center></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""><pre>"<a dir="ltr" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fizika&oldid=5193488">https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fizika&oldid=5193488</a>" dan olindi </pre></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Categories" title="Maxsus:Categories">Turkum</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Tabiiy_fanlar" title="Turkum:Tabiiy fanlar">Tabiiy fanlar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Fizika" title="Turkum:Fizika">Fizika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Fanlar_haqidagi_chala_maqolalar" title="Turkum:Fanlar haqidagi chala maqolalar">Fanlar haqidagi chala maqolalar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Fizikaga_oid_chala_maqolalar" title="Turkum:Fizikaga oid chala maqolalar">Fizikaga oid chala maqolalar</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Yashirin turkum: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi_maqolalari" title="Turkum:Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi maqolalari">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Webarxiv_andozasi_wayback_havolalari" title="Turkum:Webarxiv andozasi wayback havolalari">Webarxiv andozasi wayback havolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:BnF_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:BnF identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">BnF identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:GND_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:GND identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">GND identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:HDS_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:HDS identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">HDS identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:LCCN_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:LCCN identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">LCCN identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:NARA_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:NARA identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">NARA identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:NDL_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:NDL identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">NDL identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:NKC_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:NKC identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">NKC identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Nuqsonli_NLK_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:Nuqsonli NLK identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">Nuqsonli NLK identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Barcha_chala_maqolalar" title="Turkum:Barcha chala maqolalar">Barcha chala maqolalar</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Bu sahifa oxirgi marta 2024-yil 13-sentyabr, 13:12 da tahrir qilingan.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Matn <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ru">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike litsenziyasi</a> boʻyicha ommalashtirilmoqda, alohida holatlarda qoʻshimcha shartlar amal qilishi mumkin (<a 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