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class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Mentorship by Oscar Hammerstein II </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mentorship_by_Oscar_Hammerstein_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1954–1959:_Early_Broadway_success" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1954–1959:_Early_Broadway_success"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1954–1959: Early Broadway success </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1954–1959:_Early_Broadway_success-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-West_Side_Story" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Side_Story"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 West Side Story </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Side_Story-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gypsy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gypsy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Gypsy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gypsy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1962–1966:_Music_and_lyrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1962–1966:_Music_and_lyrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1962–1966: Music and lyrics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1962–1966:_Music_and_lyrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anyone_Can_Whistle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anyone_Can_Whistle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Anyone Can Whistle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anyone_Can_Whistle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Do_I_Hear_a_Waltz?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Do_I_Hear_a_Waltz?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 Do I Hear a Waltz? </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Do_I_Hear_a_Waltz?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evening_Primrose_and_other_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evening_Primrose_and_other_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.4 Evening Primrose and other work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evening_Primrose_and_other_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970–1981:_Collaborations_with_Hal_Prince" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970–1981:_Collaborations_with_Hal_Prince"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1970–1981: Collaborations with Hal Prince </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970–1981:_Collaborations_with_Hal_Prince-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Company </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Follies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Follies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Follies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Follies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_Little_Night_Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_Little_Night_Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 A Little Night Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_Little_Night_Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pacific_Overtures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacific_Overtures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.4 Pacific Overtures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacific_Overtures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweeney_Todd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweeney_Todd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.5 Sweeney Todd </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweeney_Todd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merrily_We_Roll_Along" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merrily_We_Roll_Along"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.6 Merrily We Roll Along </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merrily_We_Roll_Along-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1984–1994:_Collaborations_with_James_Lapine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1984–1994:_Collaborations_with_James_Lapine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1984–1994: Collaborations with James Lapine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1984–1994:_Collaborations_with_James_Lapine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sunday_in_the_Park_with_George" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunday_in_the_Park_with_George"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Sunday in the Park with George </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sunday_in_the_Park_with_George-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Into_the_Woods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Into_the_Woods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 Into the Woods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Into_the_Woods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Passion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.3 Passion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Passion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990–2021:_Later_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990–2021:_Later_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 1990–2021: Later work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990–2021:_Later_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assassins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Assassins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_Show" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_Show"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Road Show </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_Show-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sondheim_on_Sondheim_and_Six_by_Sondheim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sondheim_on_Sondheim_and_Six_by_Sondheim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.3 Sondheim on Sondheim and Six by Sondheim </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sondheim_on_Sondheim_and_Six_by_Sondheim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Here_We_Are" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Here_We_Are"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.4 Here We Are </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Here_We_Are-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Other projects </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_projects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other projects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conversations_with_Frank_Rich_and_others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversations_with_Frank_Rich_and_others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Conversations with Frank Rich and others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversations_with_Frank_Rich_and_others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_away_from_Broadway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_away_from_Broadway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Work away from Broadway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_away_from_Broadway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mentoring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mentoring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Mentoring </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mentoring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dramatists_Guild" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dramatists_Guild"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Dramatists Guild </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dramatists_Guild-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unrealized_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unrealized_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Unrealized projects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unrealized_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Major works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Honors and legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honors_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Honors and legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sondheim_at_80" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sondheim_at_80"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Sondheim at 80 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sondheim_at_80-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sondheim_at_90" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sondheim_at_90"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Sondheim at 90 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sondheim_at_90-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stephen_Sondheim's_Old_Friends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stephen_Sondheim's_Old_Friends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Stephen Sondheim's Old Friends </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stephen_Sondheim's_Old_Friends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style_and_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_and_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Style and themes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style_and_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Personal life and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Published works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Stephen Sondheim</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" > 40 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85" title="ستيفن سونديم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ستيفن سونديم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="استیون سوندهایم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="استیون سوندهایم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BC" title="Στίβεν Σόντχαϊμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στίβεν Σόντχαϊμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="استیون سوندهایم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استیون سوندهایم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EB%B8%90_%EC%86%90%EB%93%9C%ED%95%98%EC%9E%84" title="스티븐 손드하임 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스티븐 손드하임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B4" title="Սթիվեն Սոնդհայմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սթիվեն Սոնդհայմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="סטיבן סונדהיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטיבן סונדהיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanus_Sondheim" title="Stephanus Sondheim – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Stephanus Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C4%ABvens_Sondheims" title="Stīvens Sondheims – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stīvens Sondheims" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85" title="ستيفن سونديم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ستيفن سونديم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0" title="スティーヴン・ソンドハイム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スティーヴン・ソンドハイム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="سټیون سونډهایم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سټیون سونډهایم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC,_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Сондхайм, Стивен – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сондхайм, Стивен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BC" title="Стивен Сондхајм – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стивен Сондхајм" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Stephen Sondheim" data-language-autonym="Suomi" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American composer and lyricist (1930–2021)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Stephen Sondheim</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Sondheim_-_smoking.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Stephen_Sondheim_-_smoking.JPG/220px-Stephen_Sondheim_-_smoking.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Stephen_Sondheim_-_smoking.JPG/330px-Stephen_Sondheim_-_smoking.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Stephen_Sondheim_-_smoking.JPG/440px-Stephen_Sondheim_-_smoking.JPG 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="582" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Sondheim, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1976</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1930-03-22)March 22, 1930 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 26, 2021(2021-11-26) (aged 91) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Connecticut" title="Roxbury, Connecticut">Roxbury, Connecticut</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Composer, lyricist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1952–2021</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Jeffrey Romley</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2017)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">See <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Stephen_Sondheim" title="List of awards and nominations received by Stephen Sondheim">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Musical career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Musical_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical theater">Musical theater</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Stephen Joshua Sondheim (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈsɒndhaɪm/</a>; March 22, 1930 – November 26, 2021) was an American composer and lyricist. Regarded as one of the most important figures in 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Musical_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical theater">musical theater</a>, he is credited with reinventing the American musical.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> With his frequent collaborators <a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Lapine" title="James Lapine">James Lapine</a>, Sondheim's <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> musicals tackled unexpected themes that ranged beyond the genre's traditional subjects, while addressing darker elements of the human experience.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> His music and lyrics are tinged with complexity, sophistication, and ambivalence about various aspects of life.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Sondheim's interest in musical theater began at a young age, and he was mentored by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a>. He began his career by writing the lyrics for <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a> (1957) and <a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(musical)" title="Gypsy (musical)">Gypsy</a> (1959). He transitioned to writing both music and lyrics for the theater, with his best-known works including <a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a> (1962), <a href="/wiki/Company_(musical)" title="Company (musical)">Company</a> (1970), <a href="/wiki/Follies" title="Follies">Follies</a> (1971), <a href="/wiki/A_Little_Night_Music" title="A Little Night Music">A Little Night Music</a> (1973), <a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street">Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street</a> (1979), <a href="/wiki/Merrily_We_Roll_Along_(musical)" title="Merrily We Roll Along (musical)">Merrily We Roll Along</a> (1981), <a href="/wiki/Sunday_in_the_Park_with_George" title="Sunday in the Park with George">Sunday in the Park with George</a> (1984), and <a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods" title="Into the Woods">Into the Woods</a> (1987). Sondheim's <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Stephen_Sondheim" title="List of awards and nominations received by Stephen Sondheim">numerous awards and nominations</a> include eight <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>, eight <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivier Award">Olivier Award</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>. He also was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy Center Honor">Kennedy Center Honor</a> in 1993 and a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> A theater is named after him both <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim_Theatre" title="Stephen Sondheim Theatre">on Broadway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sondheim_Theatre" title="Sondheim Theatre">in the West End of London</a>. Film adaptations of his works include <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">West Side Story</a> (1961), <a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(1962_film)" title="Gypsy (1962 film)">Gypsy</a> (1962), <a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum_(film)" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (film)">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a> (1966), <a href="/wiki/A_Little_Night_Music_(film)" title="A Little Night Music (film)">A Little Night Music</a> (1977), <a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street_(2007_film)" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)">Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street</a> (2007), <a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods_(film)" title="Into the Woods (film)">Into the Woods</a> (2014), and <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(2021_film)" title="West Side Story (2021 film)">West Side Story</a> (2021). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> Sondheim was born on March 22, 1930, into a <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jewish</a> family in New York City, the son of Etta Janet ("Foxy"; née Fox; 1897–1992) and Herbert Sondheim (1895–1966). His paternal grandparents, Isaac and Rosa, were <a href="/wiki/German_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="German Jews">German Jews</a>, and his maternal grandparents, Joseph and Bessie, were <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Jews">Lithuanian Jews</a> from <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Secrest_book-7">[7]</a> His father manufactured dresses designed by his mother. The composer grew up on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> and, after his parents divorced, on a farm near <a href="/wiki/Doylestown,_Pennsylvania" title="Doylestown, Pennsylvania">Doylestown, Pennsylvania</a>. The only child of affluent parents living in <a href="/wiki/The_San_Remo" title="The San Remo">the San Remo</a> at 145 <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Park West">Central Park West</a>, he was described in <a href="/wiki/Meryle_Secrest" title="Meryle Secrest">Meryle Secrest</a>'s biography Stephen Sondheim: A Life as an isolated, emotionally neglected child. When he lived in New York City, Sondheim attended the <a href="/wiki/Ethical_Culture_Fieldston_School" title="Ethical Culture Fieldston School">Ethical Culture Fieldston School</a>. He spent several summers at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Androscoggin" title="Camp Androscoggin">Camp Androscoggin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Secrest_book-7">[7]</a> His mother sent him to <a href="/wiki/New_York_Military_Academy" title="New York Military Academy">New York Military Academy</a> in 1940.<a href="#cite_note-timeline-8">[8]</a> From 1942 to 1947, he attended <a href="/wiki/George_School" title="George School">George School</a>, a private <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> preparatory school in <a href="/wiki/Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Bucks County, Pennsylvania</a>, where he wrote his first musical, By George, in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-timeline-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> From 1946 to 1950, Sondheim attended <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a>. He graduated <a href="/wiki/Magna_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna cum laude">magna cum laude</a> and received the Hubbard Hutchinson Prize, a two-year fellowship to study music.<a href="#cite_note-timeline-8">[8]</a> Sondheim traced his interest in theater to <a href="/wiki/Very_Warm_for_May" title="Very Warm for May">Very Warm for May</a>, a Broadway musical he saw when he was nine. "The curtain went up and revealed a piano", Sondheim recalled. "A butler took a duster and brushed it up, tinkling the keys. I thought that was thrilling."<a href="#cite_note-master-10">[10]</a> Sondheim detested his mother,<a href="#cite_note-rich-11">[11]</a> who was said to be <a href="/wiki/Psychologically_abusive" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychologically abusive">psychologically abusive</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> and to have <a href="/wiki/Psychological_projection" title="Psychological projection">projected</a> her anger from her failed marriage onto her son:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESecrest199830-13">[13]</a> "When my father left her, she substituted me for him. And she used me the way she used him, to come on to and to berate, beat up on, you see. What she did for five years was treat me like dirt, but come on to me at the same time."<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> She once wrote him a letter saying that the only regret she ever had was giving birth to him.<a href="#cite_note-kakutani-15">[15]</a> When she died in 1992, Sondheim did not attend her funeral. He had been estranged from her for nearly 20 years.<a href="#cite_note-rich-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESecrest1998p._272:_"Sondheim_was_in_London_when_his_mother_died_and_did_not_return_for_her_funeral."-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mentorship_by_Oscar_Hammerstein_II">Mentorship by Oscar Hammerstein II</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mentorship by Oscar Hammerstein II">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oscar_Hammerstein_-_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Studio photo of a smiling Oscar Hammerstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Oscar_Hammerstein_-_portrait.jpg/170px-Oscar_Hammerstein_-_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Oscar_Hammerstein_-_portrait.jpg/255px-Oscar_Hammerstein_-_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Oscar_Hammerstein_-_portrait.jpg/340px-Oscar_Hammerstein_-_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2242" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1940</figcaption></figure> When Sondheim was about ten years old (around the time of his parents' divorce), he formed a close friendship with <a href="/wiki/James_Hammerstein" title="James Hammerstein">James Hammerstein</a>, son of lyricist and playwright <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a>, who were neighbors in Bucks County. The elder Hammerstein became Sondheim's surrogate father, influencing him profoundly and developing his love of musical theater. Sondheim met <a href="/wiki/Hal_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Hal Prince">Hal Prince</a>, who later directed many of his shows, at the opening of <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_(musical)" title="South Pacific (musical)">South Pacific</a>, Hammerstein's musical with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a>. The comic musical Sondheim wrote at George School, By George, was a success among his peers and buoyed his self-esteem. When he asked Hammerstein to evaluate it as though he had no knowledge of its author, he said it was the worst thing he had ever seen: "But if you want to know why it's terrible, I'll tell you." They spent the rest of the day going over the musical, and Sondheim later said, "In that afternoon I learned more about songwriting and the musical theater than most people learn in a lifetime."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZadan19864-17">[17]</a> Hammerstein designed a course of sorts for Sondheim on constructing a musical. He had the young composer write four musicals, each with one of the following conditions:<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <ul><li>Based on a play he admired; Sondheim chose <a href="/wiki/George_S._Kaufman" title="George S. Kaufman">George S. Kaufman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Connelly" title="Marc Connelly">Marc Connelly</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Beggar_on_Horseback" title="Beggar on Horseback">Beggar on Horseback</a> (which became All That Glitters)</li> <li>Based on a play he liked but thought flawed; Sondheim chose <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson" title="Maxwell Anderson">Maxwell Anderson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/High_Tor_(play)" title="High Tor (play)">High Tor</a></li> <li>Based on an existing novel or short story not previously dramatized, which became his unfinished version of <a href="/wiki/Mary_Poppins_(book_series)" title="Mary Poppins (book series)">Mary Poppins</a> (Bad Tuesday,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> unrelated to the <a href="/wiki/Mary_Poppins_(film)" title="Mary Poppins (film)">musical film</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Poppins_(musical)" title="Mary Poppins (musical)">stage play</a> scored by the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Brothers" title="Sherman Brothers">Sherman Brothers</a>)</li> <li>An original, which became Climb High</li></ul> None of the "assignment" musicals were produced professionally. High Tor and Mary Poppins have never been produced: the rights holder for the original High Tor refused permission (though a musical version by Arthur Schwartz was produced for television in 1956), and Mary Poppins was unfinished.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESecrest199878–79-20">[20]</a> Hammerstein's death Hammerstein died of <a href="/wiki/Stomach_cancer" title="Stomach cancer">stomach cancer</a> on August 23, 1960, aged 65.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Sondheim later recalled that Hammerstein had given him a portrait of himself. Sondheim asked him to inscribe it, and said later of the request that it was "weird...it's like asking your father to inscribe something." Reading the inscription ("For Stevie, My Friend and Teacher") choked up the composer, who said, "That describes Oscar better than anything I could say."<a href="#cite_note-youtube.com-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> Sondheim began attending <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_colleges_in_the_United_States" title="Liberal arts colleges in the United States">liberal arts college</a> in <a href="/wiki/Williamstown,_Massachusetts" title="Williamstown, Massachusetts">Williamstown, Massachusetts</a>, whose theater program attracted him.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> His first teacher there was Robert Barrow: <blockquote>everybody hated him because he was very dry, and I thought he was wonderful because he was very dry. And Barrow made me realize that all my romantic views of art were nonsense. I had always thought an angel came down and sat on your shoulder and whispered in your ear "dah-dah-dah-DUM." It never occurred to me that art was something worked out. And suddenly it was skies opening up. As soon as you find out what a <a href="/wiki/Leading_tone" title="Leading tone">leading tone</a> is, you think, Oh my God. What a <a href="/wiki/Diatonic_scale" title="Diatonic scale">diatonic scale</a> is—Oh my God! The logic of it. And, of course, what that meant to me was: Well, I can do that. Because you just don't know. You think it's a talent, you think you're born with this thing. What I've found out and what I believed is that everybody is talented. It's just that some people get it developed and some don't.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></blockquote> The composer told Meryle Secrest: "I just wanted to study composition, theory, and harmony without the attendant <a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">musicology</a> that comes in graduate school. But I knew I wanted to write for the theater, so I wanted someone who did not disdain theater music."<a href="#cite_note-An_early_influence-26">[26]</a> Barrow suggested that Sondheim study with <a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a>, whom Sondheim called "a frustrated show composer" with whom he formed "a perfect combination".<a href="#cite_note-An_early_influence-26">[26]</a> When they met, Babbitt was working on a musical for <a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a> based on the myth of <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen of Troy</a>. The two met once a week in New York City for four hours. (At the time, Babbitt was teaching at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>.) According to Sondheim, they spent the first hour dissecting <a href="/wiki/Rodgers_and_Hart" title="Rodgers and Hart">Rodgers and Hart</a> or <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> or studying Babbitt's favorites (<a href="/wiki/Buddy_DeSylva" title="Buddy DeSylva">Buddy DeSylva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lew_Brown" title="Lew Brown">Lew Brown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Henderson" title="Ray Henderson">Ray Henderson</a>). They then proceeded to other forms of music (such as <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Symphony" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Symphony">Jupiter Symphony</a>), critiquing them the same way.<a href="#cite_note-Bermel-27">[27]</a> Fascinated by mathematics, Babbitt and Sondheim studied songs by a variety of composers (especially <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern">Jerome Kern</a>). Sondheim told Secrest that Kern had the ability "to develop a single motif through tiny variations into a long and never boring line and his maximum development of the minimum of material". He said of Babbitt, "I am his maverick, his one student who went into the popular arts with all his serious artillery".<a href="#cite_note-An_early_influence-26">[26]</a> At Williams, Sondheim wrote a musical adaption of <a href="/wiki/Beggar_on_Horseback" title="Beggar on Horseback">Beggar on Horseback</a> (a 1924 play by <a href="/wiki/George_S._Kaufman" title="George S. Kaufman">George S. Kaufman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Connelly" title="Marc Connelly">Marc Connelly</a>, with Kaufman's permission) that had three performances.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> A member of the <a href="/wiki/Beta_Theta_Pi" title="Beta Theta Pi">Beta Theta Pi</a> fraternity,<a href="#cite_note-Citron2001-29">[29]</a> he graduated <a href="/wiki/Latin_honors" title="Latin honors">magna cum laude</a> in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> "A few painful years of struggle" followed, when Sondheim auditioned songs, lived in his father's dining room to save money, and spent time in Hollywood writing for the television series <a href="/wiki/Topper_(TV_series)" title="Topper (TV series)">Topper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-master-10">[10]</a> He devoured 1940s and 1950s films, and called cinema his "basic language";<a href="#cite_note-rich-11">[11]</a> his film knowledge got him through <a href="/wiki/The_$64,000_Question" title="The $64,000 Question">The $64,000 Question</a> contestant tryouts. Sondheim disliked movie musicals, favoring classic dramas such as <a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath_(film)" title="The Grapes of Wrath (film)">The Grapes of Wrath</a>, and <a href="/wiki/A_Matter_of_Life_and_Death_(film)" title="A Matter of Life and Death (film)">A Matter of Life and Death</a>: "Studio directors like <a href="/wiki/Michael_Curtiz" title="Michael Curtiz">Michael Curtiz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Walsh" title="Raoul Walsh">Raoul Walsh</a> ... were heroes of mine. They went from movie to movie to movie, and every third movie was good and every fifth movie was great. There wasn't any cultural pressure to make art".<a href="#cite_note-afic-31">[31]</a> At age 22, Sondheim had finished the four shows Hammerstein requested. Screenwriters <a href="/wiki/Julius_J._Epstein" title="Julius J. Epstein">Julius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_G._Epstein" title="Philip G. Epstein">Philip Epstein</a>'s Front Porch in Flatbush, unproduced at the time, was being shopped around by designer and producer <a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Ayers" title="Lemuel Ayers">Lemuel Ayers</a>. Ayers approached <a href="/wiki/Frank_Loesser" title="Frank Loesser">Frank Loesser</a> and another composer; both turned him down. Ayers and Sondheim met as ushers at a wedding, and Ayers commissioned Sondheim for three songs for the show; Julius Epstein flew in from California and hired Sondheim, who worked with him in California for four or five months. After eight auditions for backers, half the money needed was raised. The show, retitled <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_(musical)" title="Saturday Night (musical)">Saturday Night</a>, was intended to open during the 1954–55 Broadway season, but Ayers died of <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a> in his early forties. The production rights transferred to his widow, Shirley, and due to her inexperience the show did not continue as planned;<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4">[4]</a> it opened <a href="/wiki/Off-Broadway" title="Off-Broadway">off-Broadway</a> in 2000. Sondheim later said, "I don't have any emotional reaction to Saturday Night at all—except fondness. It's not bad stuff for a 23-year-old. There are some things that embarrass me so much in the lyrics—the missed accents, the obvious jokes. But I decided, leave it. It's my baby pictures. You don't touch up a baby picture—you're a baby!"<a href="#cite_note-rich-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1954–1959:_Early_Broadway_success">1954–1959: Early Broadway success</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1954–1959: Early Broadway success">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="West_Side_Story">West Side Story</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: West Side Story">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Burt_Shevelove" title="Burt Shevelove">Burt Shevelove</a> invited Sondheim to a party where Sondheim arrived before him but knew no one else well. He saw a familiar face, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents">Arthur Laurents</a>, who had seen one of the auditions of Saturday Night, and they began talking. Laurents told him he was working on a musical version of <a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a> with <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, but they needed a lyricist; <a href="/wiki/Betty_Comden" title="Betty Comden">Betty Comden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Green" title="Adolph Green">Adolph Green</a>, who were supposed to write the lyrics, were under contract in Hollywood. He said that although he was not a big fan of Sondheim's music, he enjoyed the lyrics from Saturday Night and he could audition for Bernstein. The next day, Sondheim met and played for Bernstein, who said he would let him know. Sondheim wanted to write music and lyrics; he consulted with Hammerstein, who said, as Sondheim related in a 2008 New York Times video interview, "Look, you have a chance to work with very gifted professionals on a show that sounds interesting, and you could always write your own music eventually. My advice would be to take the job."<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a>, opened in 1957 and ran for 732 performances. Sondheim expressed dissatisfaction with his lyrics, saying they did not always fit the characters and were sometimes too consciously poetic. Initially Bernstein was also credited as a co-writer of the lyrics, but he later offered Sondheim solo credit, as Sondheim had essentially done all of them. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> review of the show did not mention the lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-Times_90th_Tribute-32">[32]</a> Sondheim described the division of the royalties, saying that Bernstein received 3% and he received 1%. Bernstein suggested evening the percentage at 2% each, but Sondheim refused because he was satisfied with just getting the credit. Sondheim later said he wished "someone stuffed a handkerchief in my mouth because it would have been nice to get that extra percentage".<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4">[4]</a> After West Side Story opened, Shevelove lamented the lack of "lowbrow comedy" on Broadway and mentioned a possible musical based on <a href="/wiki/Plautus" title="Plautus">Plautus</a>'s Roman comedies. Sondheim was interested in the idea and called a friend, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a>, to co-write the script. The show went through a number of drafts, and was interrupted briefly by Sondheim's next project.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gypsy">Gypsy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gypsy">edit</a>]</div> In 1959, Laurents and Robbins approached Sondheim for a musical version of <a href="/wiki/Gypsy_Rose_Lee" title="Gypsy Rose Lee">Gypsy Rose Lee</a>'s memoir after <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a> turned it down. Sondheim agreed, but <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a> – cast as Mama Rose – had just finished <a href="/wiki/Happy_Hunting_(musical)" title="Happy Hunting (musical)">Happy Hunting</a> with an unknown composer (Harold Karr) and lyricist (Matt Dubey). Although Sondheim wanted to write the music and lyrics, Merman refused to let another first-time composer write for her and demanded that <a href="/wiki/Jule_Styne" title="Jule Styne">Jule Styne</a> write the music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZadan198638-34">[34]</a> Sondheim, concerned that writing lyrics again would pigeonhole him as a lyricist, called his mentor for advice. Hammerstein told him he should take the job, because writing a vehicle for a star would be a good learning experience. Sondheim agreed; <a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(musical)" title="Gypsy (musical)">Gypsy</a> opened on May 21, 1959, and ran for 702 performances.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1962–1966:_Music_and_lyrics">1962–1966: Music and lyrics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1962–1966: Music and lyrics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum">edit</a>]</div> The first Broadway production for which Sondheim wrote the music and lyrics was <a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a>, which opened in 1962 and ran for 964 performances.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Book_musical" class="mw-redirect" title="Book musical">book</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Farce" title="Farce">farces</a> by <a href="/wiki/Plautus" title="Plautus">Plautus</a>, was by <a href="/wiki/Burt_Shevelove" title="Burt Shevelove">Burt Shevelove</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a>. The show won six <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Awards</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Musical">Best Musical</a>)<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> and had the longest Broadway run of any show for which Sondheim wrote both music and lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anyone_Can_Whistle">Anyone Can Whistle</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Anyone Can Whistle">edit</a>]</div> Sondheim had participated in three straight hits, but his next show—1964's <a href="/wiki/Anyone_Can_Whistle" title="Anyone Can Whistle">Anyone Can Whistle</a>—was a nine-performance bomb (although it introduced <a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> to musical theater). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Do_I_Hear_a_Waltz?">Do I Hear a Waltz?</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Do I Hear a Waltz?">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Do_I_Hear_a_Waltz%3F" title="Do I Hear a Waltz?">Do I Hear a Waltz?</a>, based on Laurents's 1952 play <a href="/wiki/The_Time_of_the_Cuckoo" title="The Time of the Cuckoo">The Time of the Cuckoo</a>, was intended as another <a href="/wiki/Rodgers_and_Hammerstein" title="Rodgers and Hammerstein">Rodgers and Hammerstein</a> musical with <a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a> in the lead. A new lyricist was needed,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> and Laurents and Rodgers's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Rodgers" title="Mary Rodgers">Mary</a>, asked Sondheim to fill in. Although Richard Rodgers and Sondheim agreed that the original play did not lend itself to musicalization, they began writing a musical version.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESecrest1998174–175-39">[39]</a> The project had many difficulties, including Rodgers's alcoholism. Sondheim later called it the one project he truly regretted writing, given that the reasons he wrote it—as a favor to Mary, as a favor to Hammerstein, as an opportunity to work again with Laurents, and as an opportunity to make money—were not reasons to write a musical. He then decided to work only when he could write both music and lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-rich-11">[11]</a> Sondheim asked author and playwright <a href="/wiki/James_Goldman" title="James Goldman">James Goldman</a> to join him as <a href="/wiki/Bookwriter" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookwriter">bookwriter</a> for a new musical inspired by a gathering of former <a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies" title="Ziegfeld Follies">Ziegfeld Follies</a> showgirls: initially titled The Girls Upstairs, it became <a href="/wiki/Follies" title="Follies">Follies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chapin-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Evening_Primrose_and_other_work">Evening Primrose and other work</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Evening Primrose and other work">edit</a>]</div> In 1966, Sondheim semi-anonymously provided lyrics for "<a href="/wiki/The_Boy_From..." title="The Boy From...">The Boy From...</a>", a parody of "<a href="/wiki/The_Girl_from_Ipanema" title="The Girl from Ipanema">The Girl from Ipanema</a>" in the off-Broadway revue <a href="/wiki/The_Mad_Show" title="The Mad Show">The Mad Show</a>. The song was credited to "Esteban Río Nido",<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Spanish for "Stephen River Nest", and in the show's <a href="/wiki/Programme_(booklet)" title="Programme (booklet)">playbill</a> the lyrics were credited to "<a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">Nom De Plume</a>". That year Goldman and Sondheim hit a creative wall on The Girls Upstairs, and Goldman asked Sondheim about writing a TV musical. The result was <a href="/wiki/Evening_Primrose_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening Primrose (musical)">Evening Primrose</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Perkins" title="Anthony Perkins">Anthony Perkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charmian_Carr" title="Charmian Carr">Charmian Carr</a>. Written for the <a href="/wiki/Anthology_series" title="Anthology series">anthology series</a> <a href="/wiki/ABC_Stage_67" title="ABC Stage 67">ABC Stage 67</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/Hubbell_Robinson" title="Hubbell Robinson">Hubbell Robinson</a>, it was broadcast on November 16, 1966. According to Sondheim and director <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bogart" title="Paul Bogart">Paul Bogart</a>, the musical was written only because Goldman needed money for rent. The network disliked the title and Sondheim's alternative, A Little Night Music.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> After Sondheim finished Evening Primrose, Jerome Robbins asked him to adapt <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Measures_Taken" class="mw-redirect" title="The Measures Taken">The Measures Taken</a> despite the composer's general dislike of Brecht's work. Robbins wanted to adapt another Brecht play, <a href="/wiki/The_Exception_and_the_Rule" title="The Exception and the Rule">The Exception and the Rule</a>, and asked <a href="/wiki/John_Guare" title="John Guare">John Guare</a> to adapt the book. Leonard Bernstein had not written for the stage in some time, and his contract as conductor of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a> was ending. Sondheim was invited to Robbins's house in the hope that Guare would convince him to write the lyrics for a musical version of The Exception and the Rule; according to Robbins, Bernstein would not work without Sondheim. When Sondheim agreed, Guare asked: "Why haven't you all worked together since West Side Story?" Sondheim answered, "You'll see". Guare said that working with Sondheim was like being with an old college roommate, and he depended on him to "decode and decipher their crazy way of working"; Bernstein worked only after midnight, and Robbins only in the early morning. Bernstein's score, which was supposed to be light, was influenced by his need to make a musical statement.<a href="#cite_note-urga-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Ostrow" title="Stuart Ostrow">Stuart Ostrow</a>, who worked with Sondheim on The Girls Upstairs, agreed to produce the musical, initially titled A Pray by Blecht, then <a href="/wiki/The_Race_to_Urga" title="The Race to Urga">The Race to Urga</a>. An opening night was scheduled, but during auditions Robbins asked to be excused for a moment. When he did not return, a doorman said he had gotten into a limousine to go to <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a>. Bernstein burst into tears and said, "It's over". Sondheim later said of this experience: "I was ashamed of the whole project. It was arch and didactic in the worst way."<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> He wrote one and a half songs and threw them away, the only time he ever did that. Eighteen years later, Sondheim refused Bernstein's and Robbins's request to retry the show.<a href="#cite_note-urga-43">[43]</a> Sondheim lived in a <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Bay,_Manhattan" title="Turtle Bay, Manhattan">Turtle Bay, Manhattan</a> <a href="/wiki/Brownstone" title="Brownstone">brownstone</a> from his writing of <a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(musical)" title="Gypsy (musical)">Gypsy</a> in 1959. Ten years later, he heard a knock on the door. His neighbor, <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a>, was in "bare feet—this angry, red-faced lady" and told him, "You have been keeping me awake all night!" (she was practicing for her musical debut in <a href="/wiki/Coco_(musical)" title="Coco (musical)">Coco</a>). "I remember asking Hepburn why she didn't just call me, but she claimed not to have my phone number. My guess is that she wanted to stand there in her bare feet, suffering for her art".<a href="#cite_note-wolf-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970–1981:_Collaborations_with_Hal_Prince">1970–1981: Collaborations with Hal Prince</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1970–1981: Collaborations with Hal Prince">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Company">Company</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Company">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Sondheim,_New_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Stephen_Sondheim%2C_New_York.jpg/220px-Stephen_Sondheim%2C_New_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Stephen_Sondheim%2C_New_York.jpg/330px-Stephen_Sondheim%2C_New_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Stephen_Sondheim%2C_New_York.jpg/440px-Stephen_Sondheim%2C_New_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption>Sondheim in New York, 1972</figcaption></figure> After Do I Hear a Waltz?, Sondheim devoted himself solely to writing both music and lyrics for the theater—and in 1970, he began a collaboration with director <a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> resulting in a body of work that is considered one of the high water marks of musical theater history, with critic <a href="/wiki/Howard_Kissel" title="Howard Kissel">Howard Kissel</a> writing that the duo had set "Broadway's highest standards".<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The first Sondheim show with Prince as director was 1970's <a href="/wiki/Company_(musical)" title="Company (musical)">Company</a>. A show about a single man and his married friends, Company (with a book by <a href="/wiki/George_Furth" title="George Furth">George Furth</a>) lacked a straightforward plot, instead centering on themes such as marriage and the difficulty of making an emotional connection with another person. It opened on April 26, 1970, at the <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvin Theatre">Alvin Theatre</a>, running for 705 performances after seven previews, and won <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Musical">Best Musical</a>, Best Music, and Best Lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-Franklin-48">[48]</a> The original cast included <a href="/wiki/Dean_Jones_(actor)" title="Dean Jones (actor)">Dean Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Stritch" title="Elaine Stritch">Elaine Stritch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kimbrough" title="Charles Kimbrough">Charles Kimbrough</a>. Popular songs include "<a href="/wiki/Company_(Broadway_song)" title="Company (Broadway song)">Company</a>", "The Little Things You Do Together", "Sorry-Grateful", "You Could Drive a Person Crazy", "Another Hundred People", "<a href="/wiki/Getting_Married_Today_(song)" title="Getting Married Today (song)">Getting Married Today</a>", "Side by Side", "<a href="/wiki/The_Ladies_Who_Lunch_(song)" title="The Ladies Who Lunch (song)">The Ladies Who Lunch</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Being_Alive" title="Being Alive">Being Alive</a>". <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kerr" title="Walter Kerr">Walter Kerr</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> praised the production, the performances, and the score, writing, "Sondheim has never written a more sophisticated, more pertinent, or—this is the surprising thing in the circumstances—more melodious score".<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Documentary filmmaker <a href="/wiki/D._A._Pennebaker" title="D. A. Pennebaker">D. A. Pennebaker</a> captured the making of the <a href="/wiki/Original_cast_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Original cast recording">original cast recording</a> shortly after the show opened on Broadway in his 1970 film <a href="/wiki/Original_Cast_Album:_Company" title="Original Cast Album: Company">Original Cast Album: Company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Stritch, Sondheim, and producer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Z._Shepard" title="Thomas Z. Shepard">Thomas Z. Shepard</a> are featured prominently. Company was revived on Broadway in 1995, 2006, and 2020/2021 (the last revival began previews in March 2020, but shut down before resuming in November 2021 due to the ongoing <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>; in this revival, the main character was a woman, Bobbie, portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Katrina_Lenk" title="Katrina Lenk">Katrina Lenk</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Franklin-48">[48]</a> The 2006 and 2021 productions won the <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Revival_of_a_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical">Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Follies">Follies</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Follies">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Follies" title="Follies">Follies</a> (1971), with a book by <a href="/wiki/James_Goldman" title="James Goldman">James Goldman</a>, opened on April 4, 1971, at the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Garden_Theatre" title="Winter Garden Theatre">Winter Garden Theatre</a> and ran for 522 performances after 12 previews.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The plot centers on a reunion, in a crumbling Broadway theater scheduled for demolition, of performers in Weismann's Follies (a musical revue, based on the <a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies" title="Ziegfeld Follies">Ziegfeld Follies</a>, that played in that theater between the world wars). The production also featured choreography and co-direction by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a>, who later created <a href="/wiki/A_Chorus_Line" title="A Chorus Line">A Chorus Line</a>. The original production starred <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Collins" title="Dorothy Collins">Dorothy Collins</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_McMartin" title="John McMartin">John McMartin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Smith" title="Alexis Smith">Alexis Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gene_Nelson" title="Gene Nelson">Gene Nelson</a>. It included the songs "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Still_Here_(Follies_song)" title="I'm Still Here (Follies song)">I'm Still Here</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Could_I_Leave_You%3F_(song)" title="Could I Leave You? (song)">Could I Leave You?</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Losing_My_Mind" title="Losing My Mind">Losing My Mind</a>". The production earned 11 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> nominations, including Best Musical. It won 7 Tony Awards, including <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Tony Award for Best Original Score">Best Original Score</a>. The show was revived on Broadway in 2001 and 2011.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="A_Little_Night_Music">A Little Night Music</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: A Little Night Music">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/A_Little_Night_Music" title="A Little Night Music">A Little Night Music</a> (1973), based on <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Smiles_of_a_Summer_Night" title="Smiles of a Summer Night">Smiles of a Summer Night</a> and with a score primarily in <a href="/wiki/Time_signature" title="Time signature">waltz time</a>, was among Sondheim's greatest commercial successes. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine called it his "most brilliant accomplishment to date".<a href="#cite_note-perf-55">[55]</a> The original cast included <a href="/wiki/Glynis_Johns" title="Glynis Johns">Glynis Johns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Len_Cariou" title="Len Cariou">Len Cariou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermione_Gingold" title="Hermione Gingold">Hermione Gingold</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Judy_Kahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judy Kahan">Judy Kahan</a>. The show opened on Broadway at the <a href="/wiki/Shubert_Theatre_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shubert Theatre (New York City)">Shubert Theatre</a> on February 25, 1973, and ran for 601 performances and 12 previews.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Clive Barnes of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> wrote, "A Little Night Music is soft on the ears, easy on the eyes, and pleasant on the mind. It is less than brash, but more than brassy, and it should give a lot of pleasure. It is the remembrance of a few things past, and all to the sound of a waltz and the understanding smile of a memory. Good God!—[an] adult musical!"<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The production earned 12 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> nominations and won 6 awards, including <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Musical">Best Musical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Tony Award for Best Original Score">Best Original Score</a>. "<a href="/wiki/Send_in_the_Clowns" class="mw-redirect" title="Send in the Clowns">Send in the Clowns</a>", a song from the musical, was a hit for <a href="/wiki/Judy_Collins" title="Judy Collins">Judy Collins</a> and became Sondheim's best-known song. It has since been covered by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a>. The production was adapted to screen in the <a href="/wiki/A_Little_Night_Music_(film)" title="A Little Night Music (film)">1977 film of the same name</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dianna_Rigg" class="mw-redirect" title="Dianna Rigg">Dianna Rigg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Len_Cariou" title="Len Cariou">Len Cariou</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hermione_Gingold" title="Hermione Gingold">Hermione Gingold</a>. It was revived on Broadway in 2009 in a production starring <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones" title="Catherine Zeta-Jones">Catherine Zeta-Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pacific_Overtures">Pacific Overtures</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pacific Overtures">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Overtures" title="Pacific Overtures">Pacific Overtures</a> (1976), with a book by <a href="/wiki/John_Weidman" title="John Weidman">John Weidman</a>, was one of Sondheim's most unconventional efforts: it explored the westernization of Japan, and was originally presented in a mock-<a href="/wiki/Kabuki" title="Kabuki">Kabuki</a> style.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The show closed after a run of 193 performances,<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> and was revived on Broadway in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sweeney_Todd">Sweeney Todd</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sweeney Todd">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street">Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street</a> (1979), with a score by Sondheim and a book by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Wheeler" title="Hugh Wheeler">Hugh Wheeler</a>, is based on <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Bond" title="Christopher Bond">Christopher Bond</a>'s 1973 stage play derived from the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> original.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The original production starred <a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Len_Cariou" title="Len Cariou">Len Cariou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Garber" title="Victor Garber">Victor Garber</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Lyndeck" title="Edmund Lyndeck">Edmund Lyndeck</a>. Popular songs from the musical include "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd", "The Worst Pies in London", "Pretty Women", "A Little Priest", "<a href="/wiki/Not_While_I%27m_Around_(song)" title="Not While I'm Around (song)">Not While I'm Around</a>", "By the Sea", and "Johanna". The production earned 9 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> nominations and won 8 awards, including <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Musical">Best Musical</a>, Best Original Score, Best Actress, and Best Actor. Richard Eder of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> wrote: "Mr. Sondheim's lyrics can be endlessly inventive. There is a hugely amusing recitation of the attributes given by the different professions—priest, lawyer, and so on—to the pies they contribute to. At other times the lyrics have a black, piercing poetry to them."<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Lansbury's performance was captured alongside <a href="/wiki/George_Hearn" title="George Hearn">George Hearn</a> in the Los Angeles production, which was filmed and shown on <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Masterpiece Theatre">Masterpiece Theatre</a>. It later earned five <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Primetime Emmy Award</a> nominations. It has been revived on Broadway in 1989, 2005, and 2023. The 2023 production starred <a href="/wiki/Josh_Groban" title="Josh Groban">Josh Groban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annaleigh_Ashford" title="Annaleigh Ashford">Annaleigh Ashford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Fisher" title="Jordan Fisher">Jordan Fisher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gaten_Matarazzo" title="Gaten Matarazzo">Gaten Matarazzo</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street_(2007_film)" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)">film adaptation</a> was made in 2007 directed by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helena_Bonham_Carter" title="Helena Bonham Carter">Helena Bonham Carter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman">Alan Rickman</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Merrily_We_Roll_Along">Merrily We Roll Along</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Merrily We Roll Along">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Merrily_We_Roll_Along_(musical)" title="Merrily We Roll Along (musical)">Merrily We Roll Along</a> (1981), with a book by <a href="/wiki/George_Furth" title="George Furth">George Furth</a>, is one of Sondheim's most traditional scores; songs from the musical were recorded by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carly_Simon" title="Carly Simon">Carly Simon</a>. According to Sondheim's music director <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gemignani" title="Paul Gemignani">Paul Gemignani</a>, "Part of Steve's ability is this extraordinary versatility". The show was not the success their previous collaborations had been: after a chaotic series of preview performances, it opened to widely negative reviews, and closed after a run of less than two weeks. Due to the high quality of Sondheim's score, the show has been repeatedly revised and produced in the ensuing years. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Gottfried" title="Martin Gottfried">Martin Gottfried</a> wrote, "Sondheim had set out to write traditional songs ... But [despite] that there is nothing ordinary about the music."<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Sondheim later said: "Did I feel betrayed? I'm not sure I would put it like that. What did surprise me was the feeling around the Broadway community—if you can call it that, though I guess I will for lack of a better word—that they wanted Hal and me to fail."<a href="#cite_note-wolf-45">[45]</a> Sondheim and Furth continued to revise the show in subsequent years. An acclaimed feature documentary on the show and its aftermath, <a href="/wiki/Best_Worst_Thing_That_Ever_Could_Have_Happened" title="Best Worst Thing That Ever Could Have Happened">Best Worst Thing That Ever Could Have Happened</a>, directed by Merrily cast member Lonny Price, and produced by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_David_Klein" title="Bruce David Klein">Bruce David Klein</a>, Kitt Lavoie, and Ted Schillinger, premiered at the New York Film Festival on November 18, 2016. A <a href="/wiki/Merrily_We_Roll_Along_(film)" title="Merrily We Roll Along (film)">film adaptation</a> of Merrily We Roll Along, directed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Linklater" title="Richard Linklater">Richard Linklater</a>, began production in 2019 and is planned to continue for the next two decades to allow the actors to age in real time.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> An Off-Broadway revival starring <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Groff" title="Jonathan Groff">Jonathan Groff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Radcliffe" title="Daniel Radcliffe">Daniel Radcliffe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Mendez" title="Lindsay Mendez">Lindsay Mendez</a> ran from November 2022 to January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Theatre_Workshop" title="New York Theatre Workshop">New York Theatre Workshop</a>; it moved to Broadway in fall 2023. Merrily's failure greatly affected Sondheim; he was ready to quit theater and do movies, create video games or write mysteries: "I wanted to find something to satisfy myself that does not involve Broadway and dealing with all those people who hate me and hate Hal."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGottfried1993153-70">[70]</a> After Merrily, Sondheim and Prince did not collaborate again until their 2003 production of <a href="/wiki/Bounce_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bounce (musical)">Bounce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1984–1994:_Collaborations_with_James_Lapine">1984–1994: Collaborations with James Lapine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 1984–1994: Collaborations with James Lapine">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sunday_in_the_Park_with_George">Sunday in the Park with George</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sunday in the Park with George">edit</a>]</div> Sondheim decided "that there are better places to start a show" and found a new collaborator in <a href="/wiki/James_Lapine" title="James Lapine">James Lapine</a> after he saw Lapine's <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Dreams" title="Twelve Dreams">Twelve Dreams</a> off-Broadway in 1981: "I was discouraged, and I don't know what would have happened if I hadn't discovered Twelve Dreams at the <a href="/wiki/Public_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Theatre">Public Theatre</a>";<a href="#cite_note-wolf-45">[45]</a> Lapine has a taste "for the <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> and for visually oriented theater in particular". Their first collaboration was <a href="/wiki/Sunday_in_the_Park_with_George" title="Sunday in the Park with George">Sunday in the Park with George</a> (1984), with Sondheim's music evoking <a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pointillism" title="Pointillism">pointillism</a>. Sondheim and Lapine won the 1985 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama" title="Pulitzer Prize for Drama">Pulitzer Prize for Drama</a> for the play,<a href="#cite_note-pulitzer.org-72">[72]</a> and it was revived on Broadway in 2008, and again in a limited run in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Into_the_Woods">Into the Woods</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Into the Woods">edit</a>]</div> They collaborated on <a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods" title="Into the Woods">Into the Woods</a> (1987), a musical based on several <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a> <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tales</a>. Although Sondheim has been called the first composer to bring <a href="/wiki/Rap_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rap music">rap music</a> to Broadway (with the Witch in the opening number of Into the Woods), he attributed the first rap in theater to <a href="/wiki/Meredith_Willson" title="Meredith Willson">Meredith Willson</a>'s "Rock Island" from <a href="/wiki/The_Music_Man" title="The Music Man">The Music Man</a> (1957).<a href="#cite_note-Bermel-27">[27]</a> Into the Woods was revived on Broadway in 2002<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/St._James_Theatre" title="St. James Theatre">St. James Theatre</a> in 2022. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Passion">Passion</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Passion">edit</a>]</div> Sondheim's and Lapine's last collaboration on a musical was the rhapsodic <a href="/wiki/Passion_(musical)" title="Passion (musical)">Passion</a> (1994), adapted from <a href="/wiki/Ettore_Scola" title="Ettore Scola">Ettore Scola</a>'s Italian film <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Love" title="Passion of Love">Passione D'Amore</a>. With a run of 280 performances, Passion was the shortest-running show to win a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Musical">Tony Award for Best Musical</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990–2021:_Later_work">1990–2021: Later work</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 1990–2021: Later work">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Assassins">Assassins</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Assassins">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Assassins_(musical)" title="Assassins (musical)">Assassins</a> opened off-Broadway at <a href="/wiki/Playwrights_Horizons" title="Playwrights Horizons">Playwrights Horizons</a> on December 18, 1990, with a book by <a href="/wiki/John_Weidman" title="John Weidman">John Weidman</a>. The show explored, in revue form, a group of historical figures who tried (with varying success) to assassinate the President of the United States. The musical closed on February 16, 1991, after 73 performances. The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> reported the show "has been sold out since previews began, reflecting the strong appeal of Sondheim's work among the theater crowd."<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In his review for <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Rich" title="Frank Rich">Frank Rich</a> wrote, "Assassins will have to fire with sharper aim and fewer blanks if it is to shoot to kill."<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Assassins was eventually staged on Broadway in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Saturday Night was shelved until its 1997 production at London's <a href="/wiki/Bridewell_Theatre" title="Bridewell Theatre">Bridewell Theatre</a>. The next year, its score was recorded; a revised version, with two new songs, ran off-Broadway at <a href="/wiki/Second_Stage_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Stage Theatre">Second Stage Theatre</a> in 2000 and at London's <a href="/wiki/Jermyn_Street_Theatre" title="Jermyn Street Theatre">Jermyn Street Theatre</a> in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Road_Show">Road Show</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Road Show">edit</a>]</div> Sondheim and Weidman reunited during the late 1990s for Wise Guys, a musical comedy based on the lives of colorful businessmen <a href="/wiki/Addison_Mizner" title="Addison Mizner">Addison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Mizner" title="Wilson Mizner">Wilson Mizner</a>. A Broadway production starring <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lane" title="Nathan Lane">Nathan Lane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victor_Garber" title="Victor Garber">Victor Garber</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a>, and planned for spring 2000,<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> was delayed. Renamed Bounce in 2003, the show premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Goodman_Theatre" title="Goodman Theatre">Goodman Theatre</a> in Chicago and the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy Center">Kennedy Center</a> in Washington, D.C., in a production directed by Harold Prince, his first collaboration with Sondheim since 1981.<a href="#cite_note-Jones-83">[83]</a> Poor reviews prevented Bounce from reaching Broadway, but a revised version opened off-Broadway as <a href="/wiki/Road_Show_(musical)" title="Road Show (musical)">Road Show</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Public_Theater" title="The Public Theater">the Public Theater</a> on October 28, 2008. Directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Doyle_(director)" title="John Doyle (director)">John Doyle</a>, it closed December 28, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The production won the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Obie_Award" title="Obie Award">Obie Award</a> for Music and Lyrics<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award" title="Drama Desk Award">Drama Desk Award</a> for Outstanding Lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sondheim_on_Sondheim_and_Six_by_Sondheim">Sondheim on Sondheim and Six by Sondheim</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sondheim on Sondheim and Six by Sondheim">edit</a>]</div> Asked about writing new work, Sondheim replied in 2006: "No ... It's age. It's a diminution of energy and the worry that there are no new ideas. It's also an increasing lack of confidence. I'm not the only one. I've checked with other people. People expect more of you and you're aware of it and you shouldn't be."<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In December 2007, he said that in addition to continuing work on Bounce, he was "nibbling at a couple of things with John Weidman and James Lapine".<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Lapine prepared the multimedia production iSondheim: aMusical Revue, which was scheduled to open in April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Theatre" title="Alliance Theatre">Alliance Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>; it was canceled due to "difficulties encountered by the commercial producers attached to the project ... in raising the necessary funds".<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Later revised as <a href="/wiki/Sondheim_on_Sondheim" title="Sondheim on Sondheim">Sondheim on Sondheim</a>, the revue was produced at <a href="/wiki/Studio_54" title="Studio 54">Studio 54</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Roundabout_Theatre_Company" title="Roundabout Theatre Company">Roundabout Theatre Company</a>; previews began on March 19, 2010, and ran from April 22 to June 13. The revue's cast included <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Cook" title="Barbara Cook">Barbara Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_L._Williams" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanessa L. Williams">Vanessa L. Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wopat" title="Tom Wopat">Tom Wopat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norm_Lewis" title="Norm Lewis">Norm Lewis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Kritzer" title="Leslie Kritzer">Leslie Kritzer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Danya_Polykov_and_Stephen_Sondheim,_04.2014,_NYC_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Danya_Polykov_and_Stephen_Sondheim%2C_04.2014%2C_NYC_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Danya_Polykov_and_Stephen_Sondheim%2C_04.2014%2C_NYC_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Danya_Polykov_and_Stephen_Sondheim%2C_04.2014%2C_NYC_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Danya_Polykov_and_Stephen_Sondheim%2C_04.2014%2C_NYC_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Danya_Polykov_and_Stephen_Sondheim%2C_04.2014%2C_NYC_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Danya_Polykov_and_Stephen_Sondheim%2C_04.2014%2C_NYC_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption>Stephen Sondheim (2014)</figcaption></figure> In 2013, Lapine directed the HBO feature-length documentary <a href="/wiki/Six_by_Sondheim" title="Six by Sondheim">Six by Sondheim</a>, which he executive produced with former New York Times theater critic <a href="/wiki/Frank_Rich" title="Frank Rich">Frank Rich</a>, a longtime champion of Sondheim's work.<a href="#cite_note-Rooney2013-95">[95]</a> Sondheim himself acts and sings in the documentary as Joe, the cynical theater producer in the song "Opening Doors".<a href="#cite_note-Wontorek2013-96">[96]</a> Sondheim collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a> on A Bed and a Chair: A New York Love Affair, an <a href="/wiki/Encores!" title="Encores!">Encores!</a> concert on November 13–17, 2013, at <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">New York City Center</a>. Directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Doyle_(director)" title="John Doyle (director)">John Doyle</a> with choreography by Parker Esse, it consisted of "more than two dozen Sondheim compositions, each piece newly reimagined by Marsalis".<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> The concert featured <a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Peters" title="Bernadette Peters">Bernadette Peters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Jordan_(actor,_born_1984)" title="Jeremy Jordan (actor, born 1984)">Jeremy Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norm_Lewis" title="Norm Lewis">Norm Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrille_Aim%C3%A9e" title="Cyrille Aimée">Cyrille Aimée</a>, four dancers, and the <a href="/wiki/Jazz_at_Lincoln_Center_Orchestra" title="Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra">Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/David_Loud" title="David Loud">David Loud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In Playbill, Steven Suskin called the concert "neither a new musical, a revival, nor a standard songbook revue; it is, rather, a staged-and-sung chamber jazz rendition of a string of songs ... Half of the songs come from Company and Follies; most of the other Sondheim musicals are represented, including the lesser-known Passion and Road Show".<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> For the <a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods_(film)" title="Into the Woods (film)">2014 film adaptation of Into the Woods</a>, Sondheim wrote the new song "She'll Be Back", sung by The Witch, which was cut from the film.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Here_We_Are">Here We Are</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Here We Are">edit</a>]</div> Sondheim began collaborating with <a href="/wiki/David_Ives" title="David Ives">David Ives</a> in 2014 on a musical based on the <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a> films <a href="/wiki/The_Exterminating_Angel" title="The Exterminating Angel">The Exterminating Angel</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Discreet_Charm_of_the_Bourgeoisie" title="The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie">The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie</a>, initially slated for previews at the <a href="/wiki/Public_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Theater">Public Theater</a> in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> That date was cast into doubt after an August 2016 reading for the musical had only the first act finished.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> A November 2016 workshop included <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Morrison" title="Matthew Morrison">Matthew Morrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shuler_Hensley" title="Shuler Hensley">Shuler Hensley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Blickenstaff" title="Heidi Blickenstaff">Heidi Blickenstaff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Boggess" title="Sierra Boggess">Sierra Boggess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Ebert" title="Gabriel Ebert">Gabriel Ebert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Stiles" title="Sarah Stiles">Sarah Stiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cerveris" title="Michael Cerveris">Michael Cerveris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Simard" title="Jennifer Simard">Jennifer Simard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> After media outlets mistakenly reported that the show had the working title Buñuel, Sondheim said that it still lacked a title in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The Public Theatre denied reports that the show would be part of its 2019–20 season, but hoped to produce the musical "when it is ready".<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Development reportedly ceased for a time,<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> but resumed for a September 2021 reading of the show, then called Square One.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lane" title="Nathan Lane">Nathan Lane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Peters" title="Bernadette Peters">Bernadette Peters</a> were involved in a reading of this new work,<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> and Sondheim discussed adapting the Buñuel films in the final interview before his death.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> A posthumous production of the collaboration, directed by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Mantello" title="Joe Mantello">Joe Mantello</a>, premiered at <a href="/wiki/The_Shed_(arts_center)" title="The Shed (arts center)">The Shed</a> in September 2023 as <a href="/wiki/Here_We_Are_(musical)" title="Here We Are (musical)">Here We Are</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_projects">Other projects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Other projects">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conversations_with_Frank_Rich_and_others">Conversations with Frank Rich and others</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Conversations with Frank Rich and others">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy Center">Kennedy Center</a> staged a 15-week repertory festival of six Sondheim musicals—Sweeney Todd, Company, Sunday in the Park with George, Merrily We Roll Along, Passion, and A Little Night Music—from May to August 2002.<a href="#cite_note-kencen-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The Kennedy Center Sondheim Celebration also included Pacific Overtures, a junior version of Into the Woods, and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Rich" title="Frank Rich">Frank Rich</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> speaking with the composer for Sondheim on Sondheim on April 28, 2002.<a href="#cite_note-kencen-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The two men took their discussion, dubbed "A Little Night Conversation with Stephen Sondheim", on a West Coast tour of different U.S. cities<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> including Santa Barbara, San Francisco, Los Angeles,<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> in March 2008,<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> then to <a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin College</a> in September. The <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Jewish_News" title="Cleveland Jewish News">Cleveland Jewish News</a> reported on their Oberlin appearance: "Sondheim said: 'Movies are photographs; the stage is larger than life.' What musicals does Sondheim admire the most? <a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess" title="Porgy and Bess">Porgy and Bess</a> tops a list which includes <a href="/wiki/Carousel_(musical)" title="Carousel (musical)">Carousel</a>, <a href="/wiki/She_Loves_Me" title="She Loves Me">She Loves Me</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Wiz" title="The Wiz">The Wiz</a>, which he saw six times. Sondheim took a dim view of today's musicals. What works now, he said, are musicals that are easy to take; audiences don't want to be challenged".<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Sondheim and Rich had additional conversations: January 18, 2009, at <a href="/wiki/Avery_Fisher_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Avery Fisher Hall">Avery Fisher Hall</a>;<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> February 2 at the Landmark Theatre in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>;<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> February 21 at the <a href="/wiki/Kimmel_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimmel Center">Kimmel Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>;<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> and April 20 at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Akron" title="University of Akron">University of Akron</a> in <a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The conversations were reprised at <a href="/wiki/Tufts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tufts">Tufts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> in February 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tulsa" title="University of Tulsa">University of Tulsa</a> in April,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_College" title="Lafayette College">Lafayette College</a> in March 2011.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Sondheim had another "conversation with" Sean Patrick Flahaven (associate editor of <a href="/wiki/The_Sondheim_Review" title="The Sondheim Review">The Sondheim Review</a>) at the <a href="/wiki/Kravis_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kravis Center">Kravis Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Palm_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="West Palm Beach">West Palm Beach</a> on February 4, 2009, in which he discussed many of his songs and shows: "On the perennial struggles of Broadway: 'I don't see any solution for Broadway's problems except subsidized theatre, as in most civilized countries of the world.'"<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> On February 1, 2011, Sondheim joined former <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake Tribune">Salt Lake Tribune</a> theater critic Nancy Melich before an audience of 1,200 at <a href="/wiki/Kingsbury_Hall" title="Kingsbury Hall">Kingsbury Hall</a>. Melich described the evening: <blockquote>He was visibly taken by the university choir, who sang two songs during the evening, "Children Will Listen" and "Sunday", and then returned to reprise "Sunday". During that final moment, Sondheim and I were standing, facing the choir of students from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a>'s opera program, our backs to the audience, and I could see tears welling in his eyes as the voices rang out. Then, all of a sudden, he raised his arms and began conducting, urging the student singers to go full out, which they did, the crescendo building, their eyes locked with his, until the final "on an ordinary Sunday" was sung. It was thrilling, and a perfect conclusion to a remarkable evening—nothing ordinary about it.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></blockquote> On March 13, 2008, A Salon with Stephen Sondheim (which sold out in three minutes) was hosted by the <a href="/wiki/Academy_for_New_Musical_Theatre" title="Academy for New Musical Theatre">Academy for New Musical Theatre</a> in Hollywood.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_away_from_Broadway">Work away from Broadway</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Work away from Broadway">edit</a>]</div> Sondheim was an avid fan of puzzles and games. He is credited with introducing <a href="/wiki/Cryptic_crosswords" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptic crosswords">cryptic crosswords</a>, a British invention, to American audiences through a series of cryptic crossword puzzles he created for <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a> magazine in 1968 and 1969.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Sondheim was "legendary" in theater circles for "concocting puzzles, scavenger hunts and murder-mystery games,"<a href="#cite_note-master-10">[10]</a> inspiring the central character of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shaffer_(writer)" title="Anthony Shaffer (writer)">Anthony Shaffer</a>'s 1970 play <a href="/wiki/Sleuth_(play)" title="Sleuth (play)">Sleuth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Sondheim's love of puzzles and mysteries is evident in <a href="/wiki/The_Last_of_Sheila" title="The Last of Sheila">The Last of Sheila</a>, an intricate <a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">whodunit</a> written with longtime friend <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Perkins" title="Anthony Perkins">Anthony Perkins</a>. The 1973 film, directed by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Ross" title="Herbert Ross">Herbert Ross</a>, featured <a href="/wiki/Dyan_Cannon" title="Dyan Cannon">Dyan Cannon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Hackett" title="Joan Hackett">Joan Hackett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raquel_Welch" title="Raquel Welch">Raquel Welch</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Mason" title="James Mason">James Mason</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Coburn" title="James Coburn">James Coburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_McShane" title="Ian McShane">Ian McShane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Benjamin" title="Richard Benjamin">Richard Benjamin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gordon2014-135">[135]</a> Sondheim also wrote occasional music for film: most notably, he contributed five songs to <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a>'s 1990 film <a href="/wiki/Dick_Tracy_(1990_film)" title="Dick Tracy (1990 film)">Dick Tracy</a>, including the ballad "<a href="/wiki/Sooner_or_Later_(I_Always_Get_My_Man)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)">Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)</a>", sung in the film by <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>, which won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Academy Award for Best Original Song">Academy Award for Best Original Song</a>. He also contributed to <a href="/wiki/Reds_(film)" title="Reds (film)">Reds</a> (both to the score, and with the song "Goodbye for Now"), <a href="/wiki/The_Seven-Per-Cent_Solution_(film)" title="The Seven-Per-Cent Solution (film)">The Seven-Per-Cent Solution</a> ("The Madam's Song", later recorded as "I Never Do Anything Twice"), <a href="/wiki/Stavisky" title="Stavisky">Stavisky</a> (writing the score), and <a href="/wiki/The_Birdcage" title="The Birdcage">The Birdcage</a> ("Little Dream", and the eventually cut "It Takes All Kinds"). For the <a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods_(film)" title="Into the Woods (film)">2014 movie adaptation of Into the Woods</a>, Sondheim wrote the new song "She'll Be Back" for the character of The Witch (played by <a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a>), which was eventually cut. Sondheim made a posthumous cameo appearance as himself in the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> film <a href="/wiki/Glass_Onion:_A_Knives_Out_Mystery" title="Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery">Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Sondheim collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Company_(musical)" title="Company (musical)">Company</a> librettist <a href="/wiki/George_Furth" title="George Furth">George Furth</a> to write the play <a href="/wiki/Getting_Away_with_Murder_(play)" title="Getting Away with Murder (play)">Getting Away with Murder</a> in 1996; the Broadway production closed after 31 previews and only 17 performances.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In 2003, he was invited to serve as guest curator for the <a href="/wiki/Telluride_Film_Festival" title="Telluride Film Festival">Telluride Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mentoring">Mentoring</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Mentoring">edit</a>]</div> After he was mentored by Hammerstein,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZadan19864-17">[17]</a> Sondheim returned the favor, saying that he loved "passing on what Oscar passed on to me".<a href="#cite_note-youtube.com-23">[23]</a> In an interview with Sondheim for The Legacy Project, composer-lyricist <a href="/wiki/Adam_Guettel" title="Adam Guettel">Adam Guettel</a> (son of <a href="/wiki/Mary_Rodgers" title="Mary Rodgers">Mary Rodgers</a> and grandson of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a>) recalled how as a 14-year-old boy he showed Sondheim his work. Guettel was "crestfallen" since he had come in "sort of all puffed up thinking [he] would be rained with compliments and things", which was not the case since Sondheim had some "very direct things to say". Later, Sondheim wrote and apologized to Guettel for being "not very encouraging" when he was actually trying to be "constructive".<a href="#cite_note-legacy-139">[139]</a> Sondheim also mentored a fledgling <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Larson" title="Jonathan Larson">Jonathan Larson</a>, attending Larson's workshop for his <a href="/wiki/Superbia_(musical)" title="Superbia (musical)">Superbia</a> (originally an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">Nineteen Eighty-Four</a>). In Larson's musical <a href="/wiki/Tick,_Tick..._Boom!" title="Tick, Tick... Boom!">Tick, Tick... Boom!</a>, the phone message is played in which Sondheim apologizes for leaving early, says he wants to meet him and is impressed with his work. After Larson's death, Sondheim called him one of the few composers "attempting to blend contemporary pop music with theater music, which doesn't work very well; he was on his way to finding a real synthesis. A good deal of pop music has interesting lyrics, but they are not theater lyrics". A musical-theater composer "must have a sense of what is theatrical, of how you use music to tell a story, as opposed to writing a song. Jonathan understood that instinctively."<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Around 2008, Sondheim approached <a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> to work with him translating <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a> lyrics into Spanish for an upcoming Broadway revival.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rebecca_Mead-142">[142]</a> Miranda then approached Sondheim with his new project <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a>, then called The Hamilton Mixtape, which Sondheim gave notes on.<a href="#cite_note-Rebecca_Mead-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rosen-143">[143]</a> Sondheim was originally wary of the project, saying he was "worried that an evening of rap might get monotonous". But he believed Miranda's attention to, and respect for, good rhyming made it work.<a href="#cite_note-Rosen-143">[143]</a> Sondheim provided a <a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">voice cameo</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Tick,_Tick..._Boom!_(film)" title="Tick, Tick... Boom! (film)">2021 film adaptation of Tick, Tick... Boom!</a>, directed by Miranda, for the scene in which a fictionalized version of himself leaves a phone message. Sondheim worked on a revised text of the message and voiced it himself after <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Whitford" title="Bradley Whitford">Bradley Whitford</a>, who portrays him, was unavailable to rerecord the line.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dramatists_Guild">Dramatists Guild</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Dramatists Guild">edit</a>]</div> A supporter of writers' rights in the theater industry, Sondheim was an active member of the <a href="/wiki/Dramatists_Guild_of_America" title="Dramatists Guild of America">Dramatists Guild of America</a>. In 1973, he was elected as the Guild's 16th president, serving until 1981.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unrealized_projects">Unrealized projects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Unrealized projects">edit</a>]</div> According to Sondheim, he was asked to translate <a href="/wiki/Mahagonny-Songspiel" title="Mahagonny-Songspiel">Mahagonny-Songspiel</a>: "But I'm not a <a href="/wiki/Brecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Brecht">Brecht</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Weill</a> fan and that's really all there is to it. I'm an apostate: I like Weill's music when he came to America better than I do his stuff before ... I love <a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a> but, outside of The Threepenny Opera, the music of his I like is the stuff he wrote in America—when he was not writing with Brecht, when he was writing for Broadway."<a href="#cite_note-bww-146">[146]</a> He turned down an offer to musicalize <a href="/wiki/Nathanael_West" title="Nathanael West">Nathanael West</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Cool_Million" title="A Cool Million">A Cool Million</a> with <a href="/wiki/James_Lapine" title="James Lapine">James Lapine</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1982.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Around 1960, Sondheim and Burt Shevelove considered making a musical of the film <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(film)" title="Sunset Boulevard (film)">Sunset Boulevard</a>, and had sketched out the opening scenes when they approached the film's director <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> at a cocktail party on the possibility. Wilder rejected the idea, believing the story was more suited to opera than musical theater. Sondheim agreed, and resisted a later offer from Prince and Hugh Wheeler to create a musical version starring <a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a>. This occurred several years before a <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(musical)" title="Sunset Boulevard (musical)">musical version</a> was produced by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Sondheim and Leonard Bernstein wrote The Race to Urga, scheduled for Lincoln Center in 1969, but after <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> left the project, it was not produced.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> After writing The Last of Sheila together, Sondheim and Anthony Perkins tried to collaborate again two more times, but the projects were unrealized. In 1975, Perkins said he and Sondheim were working on another script, The Chorus Girl Murder Case: "It's a sort of stew based on all those Bob Hope wartime comedies, plus a little <a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Burlesque" title="Lady of Burlesque">Lady of Burlesque</a> and a little <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> magic show, all cooked into a Last of Sheila-type plot".<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> He later said other inspirations were <a href="/wiki/They_Got_Me_Covered" title="They Got Me Covered">They Got Me Covered</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ipcress_File_(film)" title="The Ipcress File (film)">The Ipcress File</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cloak_and_Dagger_(1946_film)" title="Cloak and Dagger (1946 film)">Cloak and Dagger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> They had sold the synopsis in October 1974.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> At one point, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a> was to direct, with <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> to star.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> In November 1979, Sondheim said they had finished it,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> but the film was never made.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> In the 1980s, Perkins and Sondheim collaborated on another project, the seven-part Crime and Variations for Motown Productions. In October 1984 they had submitted a treatment to Motown.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> It was a 75-page treatment set in the New York socialite world about a crime puzzle; another writer was to write the script. It, too, was never made.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZadan1986352–53-158">[158]</a> In 1991, Sondheim worked with <a href="/wiki/Terrence_McNally" title="Terrence McNally">Terrence McNally</a> on a musical, All Together Now. McNally said, "Steve was interested in telling the story of a relationship from the present back to the moment when the couple first met. We worked together a while, but we were both involved with so many other projects that this one fell through". The story follows Arden Scott, a 30-something female sculptor, and Daniel Nevin, a slightly younger, sexually attractive restaurateur. Its script, with concept notes by McNally and Sondheim, is archived in the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In February 2012, it was announced that Sondheim would collaborate on a musical titled All Together Now with <a href="/wiki/David_Ives" title="David Ives">David Ives</a> and he had "about 20–30 minutes of the musical completed".<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The show was assumed to follow the format of Merrily We Roll Along. Sondheim described the project as "two people and what goes into their relationship ... We'll write for a couple of months, then have a workshop. It seemed experimental and fresh 20 years ago. I have a feeling it may not be experimental and fresh anymore".<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Ives later described All Together Now as "a musical that exploded a single moment in the lives of two people meeting for the first time. We'd see the moment without music and then we'd explore it musically." Ives and Sondheim worked on the piece intermittently until Sondheim's death, but it was ultimately unrealized.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Sondheim worked with <a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> on Singing Out Loud, a musical film, in 1992, penning the song "Water Under the Bridge".<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> According to Sondheim, he had written six and a half songs and Goldman one or two drafts of the script when director <a href="/wiki/Rob_Reiner" title="Rob Reiner">Rob Reiner</a> lost interest in the project. "Dawn" and "Sand", from the film, were recorded for the albums Sondheim at the Movies and Unsung Sondheim.<a href="#cite_note-bww-146">[146]</a> In August 2003, Sondheim expressed interest in the idea of creating a musical adaptation of the 1993 comedy film <a href="/wiki/Groundhog_Day_(film)" title="Groundhog Day (film)">Groundhog Day</a>,<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> but in a 2008 live chat, he said that "to make a musical of Groundhog Day would be to <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gild_the_lily" class="extiw" title="wikt:gild the lily">gild the lily</a>. It cannot be improved."<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Groundhog_Day_(musical)" title="Groundhog Day (musical)">The musical</a> was later created and premiered in 2016 with music and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Minchin" title="Tim Minchin">Tim Minchin</a> and book by <a href="/wiki/Danny_Rubin" title="Danny Rubin">Danny Rubin</a> (screenwriter of the film) with Sondheim's blessing.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lane" title="Nathan Lane">Nathan Lane</a> said that he once approached Sondheim about creating a musical based on the film <a href="/wiki/Being_There" title="Being There">Being There</a> with Lane starring as the central character of Chance. Sondheim declined on the basis that the central character is essentially a cipher, whom an audience would not accept expressing himself through song.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_works">Major works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Major works">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Works_of_Stephen_Sondheim" title="Works of Stephen Sondheim">Works of Stephen Sondheim</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Music </th> <th>Lyrics </th> <th>Book </th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td>1954</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_(musical)" title="Saturday Night (musical)">Saturday Night</a></td> <td colspan="2" align="center">Stephen Sondheim</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Julius_J._Epstein" title="Julius J. Epstein">Julius J. Epstein</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957</td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a></td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Stephen Sondheim</td> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents">Arthur Laurents</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(musical)" title="Gypsy (musical)">Gypsy</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Jule_Styne" title="Jule Styne">Jule Styne</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962</td> <td><a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center">Stephen Sondheim</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Burt_Shevelove" title="Burt Shevelove">Burt Shevelove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anyone_Can_Whistle" title="Anyone Can Whistle">Anyone Can Whistle</a></td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Arthur Laurents</td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Do_I_Hear_a_Waltz%3F" title="Do I Hear a Waltz?">Do I Hear a Waltz?</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a></td> <td align="center">Stephen Sondheim</td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evening_Primrose_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening Primrose (musical)">Evening Primrose</a></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="15" align="center">Stephen Sondheim</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/James_Goldman" title="James Goldman">James Goldman</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Company_(musical)" title="Company (musical)">Company</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/George_Furth" title="George Furth">George Furth</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Follies" title="Follies">Follies</a></td> <td align="center">James Goldman</td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973</td> <td><a href="/wiki/A_Little_Night_Music" title="A Little Night Music">A Little Night Music</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Wheeler" title="Hugh Wheeler">Hugh Wheeler</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974</td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Frogs_(musical)" title="The Frogs (musical)">The Frogs</a></td> <td align="center">Burt Shevelove <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lane" title="Nathan Lane">Nathan Lane</a> (2004 book)</td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Overtures" title="Pacific Overtures">Pacific Overtures</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/John_Weidman" title="John Weidman">John Weidman</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street">Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street</a></td> <td align="center">Hugh Wheeler</td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merrily_We_Roll_Along_(musical)" title="Merrily We Roll Along (musical)">Merrily We Roll Along</a></td> <td align="center">George Furth</td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunday_in_the_Park_with_George" title="Sunday in the Park with George">Sunday in the Park with George</a></td> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/James_Lapine" title="James Lapine">James Lapine</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods" title="Into the Woods">Into the Woods</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assassins_(musical)" title="Assassins (musical)">Assassins</a></td> <td align="center">John Weidman</td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Passion_(musical)" title="Passion (musical)">Passion</a></td> <td align="center">James Lapine</td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_Show_(musical)" title="Road Show (musical)">Road Show</a></td> <td align="center">John Weidman</td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Here_We_Are_(musical)" title="Here We Are (musical)">Here We Are</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[a]</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/David_Ives" title="David Ives">David Ives</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-:0-110">[110]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_legacy">Honors and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Honors and legacy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Stephen_Sondheim" title="List of awards and nominations received by Stephen Sondheim">List of awards and nominations received by Stephen Sondheim</a></div> Sondheim received an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>, eight <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a>, and eight <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a>. He also received the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama" title="Pulitzer Prize for Drama">Pulitzer Prize for Drama</a> for Sunday in the Park with George (1985, shared with <a href="/wiki/James_Lapine" title="James Lapine">James Lapine</a>) and was honored with the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a>, Lifetime Achievement (1993).<a href="#cite_note-:0-110">[110]</a> He received the Hutchinson Prize for Music Composition (1950) and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters">American Academy of Arts and Letters</a> (1983). He was also awarded the Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a> presented by Awards Council member <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (2005),<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Meadows_School_of_the_Arts" title="Meadows School of the Arts">Algur H. Meadows Award</a> from <a href="/wiki/Southern_Methodist_University" title="Southern Methodist University">Southern Methodist University</a> (1994),<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> a Special <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurence Olivier Award">Laurence Olivier Award</a> (2011) "in recognition of his contribution to London theatre",<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Critics%27_Circle_Theatre_Award" title="Critics' Circle Theatre Award">Critics' Circle Theatre Award</a> (2012), which according to drama section chair <a href="/wiki/Mark_Shenton" title="Mark Shenton">Mark Shenton</a> "is effectively a lifetime achievement award."<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> He became a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Theater_Hall_of_Fame" title="American Theater Hall of Fame">American Theater Hall of Fame</a> (2014).<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> In 2013, Sondheim was awarded The <a href="/wiki/Edward_MacDowell_Medal" title="Edward MacDowell Medal">Edward MacDowell Medal</a> by <a href="/wiki/The_MacDowell_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="The MacDowell Colony">The MacDowell Colony</a> for outstanding contributions to American culture<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> In November 2015, Sondheim was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in a ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> Sondheim founded Young Playwrights Inc. in 1981 to introduce young people to writing for the theater, and was the organization's executive vice-president.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> The Stephen Sondheim Center for the Performing Arts, at the Fairfield Arts and Convention Center in <a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Iowa" title="Fairfield, Iowa">Fairfield, Iowa</a>, opened in December 2007 with performances by <a href="/wiki/Len_Cariou" title="Len Cariou">Len Cariou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liz_Callaway" title="Liz Callaway">Liz Callaway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kind" title="Richard Kind">Richard Kind</a>, all of whom had participated in Sondheim musicals.<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> The Stephen Sondheim Society was established in 1993 to provide information about his work, with its Sondheim – the Magazine provided to its membership. The society maintains a database, organizes productions, meetings, outings, and other events, and assists with publicity. Its annual Student Performer of the Year Competition awards a £1,000 prize to one of twelve musical-theatre students from UK drama schools and universities. At Sondheim's request, an additional prize is offered for a new song by a young composer. Judged by <a href="/wiki/George_Stiles_(composer)" title="George Stiles (composer)">George Stiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Drewe" title="Anthony Drewe">Anthony Drewe</a>, each contestant performs a Sondheim song and a new song.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> Most episode titles of the television series <a href="/wiki/Desperate_Housewives" title="Desperate Housewives">Desperate Housewives</a> refer to Sondheim's song titles or lyrics,<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> and the series finale is titled "Finishing the Hat".<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> In 1990, Sondheim, as the <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Mackintosh" title="Cameron Mackintosh">Cameron Mackintosh</a> chair in musical theater at <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>,<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> conducted workshops with promising musical writers including <a href="/wiki/George_Stiles_(composer)" title="George Stiles (composer)">George Stiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Drewe" title="Anthony Drewe">Anthony Drewe</a>, Andrew Peggie, Paul James, <a href="/wiki/Kit_Hesketh-Harvey" title="Kit Hesketh-Harvey">Kit Hesketh-Harvey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Keeling" title="Stephen Keeling">Stephen Keeling</a>. The writers founded the Mercury Workshop in 1992, which merged with the New Musicals Alliance to become MMD (a UK-based organization to develop new musical theater, of which Sondheim was a patron).<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Signature_Theatre_(Arlington,_Virginia)" title="Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia)">Signature Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a> established its Sondheim Award, which includes a $5,000 donation to a nonprofit organization of the recipient's choice, "as a tribute to America's most influential contemporary musical theatre composer". The first award, to Sondheim, was presented at an April 27, 2009, benefit with performances by <a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Peters" title="Bernadette Peters">Bernadette Peters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cerveris" title="Michael Cerveris">Michael Cerveris</a>, Will Gartshore, and Eleasha Gamble.<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> The 2010 recipient was <a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a>, with Peters and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones" title="Catherine Zeta-Jones">Catherine Zeta-Jones</a> hosting the April benefit.<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> The 2011 honoree was Bernadette Peters.<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> Other recipients were <a href="/wiki/Patti_LuPone" title="Patti LuPone">Patti LuPone</a> in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> Hal Prince in 2013, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Tunick" title="Jonathan Tunick">Jonathan Tunick</a> in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> and James Lapine in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> The 2016 awardee was John Weidman<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> and the 2017 awardee was Cameron Mackintosh.<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> Henry Miller's Theatre, on West 43rd Street in New York City, was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim_Theatre" title="Stephen Sondheim Theatre">Stephen Sondheim Theatre</a> on September 15, 2010, for the composer's 80th birthday. In attendance were Nathan Lane, Patti LuPone, and John Weidman. Sondheim said in response to the honor, "I'm deeply embarrassed. Thrilled, but deeply embarrassed. I've always hated my last name. It just doesn't sing. I mean, it's not <a href="/wiki/David_Belasco" title="David Belasco">Belasco</a>. And it's not Rodgers and it's not <a href="/wiki/Neil_Simon" title="Neil Simon">Simon</a>. And it's not <a href="/wiki/August_Wilson" title="August Wilson">Wilson</a>. It just doesn't sing. It sings better than <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Schoenfeld" title="Gerald Schoenfeld">Schoenfeld</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_B._Jacobs_Theatre" title="Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre">Jacobs</a>. But it just doesn't sing". Lane said, "We love our corporate sponsors and we love their money, but there's something sacred about naming a theatre, and there's something about this that is right and just".<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> wrote that Sondheim was "almost certainly" the only living composer with a quarterly journal published in his name;<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Sondheim_Review" title="The Sondheim Review">The Sondheim Review</a>, founded in 1994, chronicled and promoted his work. It ceased publication in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Greta_Gerwig" title="Greta Gerwig">Greta Gerwig</a>'s 2017 film <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_(film)" title="Lady Bird (film)">Lady Bird</a>, characters perform songs from <a href="/wiki/Merrily_We_Roll_Along_(musical)" title="Merrily We Roll Along (musical)">Merrily We Roll Along</a>, <a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods" title="Into the Woods">Into the Woods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anyone_Can_Whistle" title="Anyone Can Whistle">Anyone Can Whistle</a>. In 2019, it was observed in the media that three major films of that year prominently featured Sondheim songs: <a href="/wiki/Joker_(2019_film)" title="Joker (2019 film)">Joker</a> (Wall Street businessmen sing "<a href="/wiki/Send_In_the_Clowns" title="Send In the Clowns">Send In the Clowns</a>" on the subway),<a href="#cite_note-Indiewire-215">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marriage_Story" title="Marriage Story">Marriage Story</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam_Driver" title="Adam Driver">Adam Driver</a> sings "<a href="/wiki/Being_Alive" title="Being Alive">Being Alive</a>"; <a href="/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson" title="Scarlett Johansson">Scarlett Johansson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merritt_Wever" title="Merritt Wever">Merritt Wever</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Julie_Hagerty" title="Julie Hagerty">Julie Hagerty</a> sing "You Can Drive a Person Crazy"),<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knives_Out" title="Knives Out">Knives Out</a> (<a href="/wiki/Daniel_Craig" title="Daniel Craig">Daniel Craig</a> sings "<a href="/wiki/Losing_My_Mind" title="Losing My Mind">Losing My Mind</a>").<a href="#cite_note-Indiewire-215">[213]</a> Sondheim's work has also been referenced in television, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Morning_Show_(American_TV_series)" title="The Morning Show (American TV series)">The Morning Show</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston" title="Jennifer Aniston">Jennifer Aniston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Crudup" title="Billy Crudup">Billy Crudup</a> sing "<a href="/wiki/Not_While_I%27m_Around_(song)" title="Not While I'm Around (song)">Not While I'm Around</a>").<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sondheim_at_80">Sondheim at 80</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sondheim at 80">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sondheim!_The_Birthday_Concert" title="Sondheim! The Birthday Concert">Sondheim! The Birthday Concert</a></div> Several benefits and concerts were performed to celebrate Sondheim's 80th birthday in 2010. Among them were the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a>'s March 15 and 16 Sondheim: The Birthday Concert at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center" title="Lincoln Center">Lincoln Center</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Avery_Fisher_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Avery Fisher Hall">Avery Fisher Hall</a>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/David_Hyde_Pierce" title="David Hyde Pierce">David Hyde Pierce</a>. The concert included Sondheim's music, performed by some of the original performers. <a href="/wiki/Lonny_Price" title="Lonny Price">Lonny Price</a> directed, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gemignani" title="Paul Gemignani">Paul Gemignani</a> conducted; performers included <a href="/wiki/Laura_Benanti" title="Laura Benanti">Laura Benanti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Cavenaugh" title="Matt Cavenaugh">Matt Cavenaugh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cerveris" title="Michael Cerveris">Michael Cerveris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Clark" title="Victoria Clark">Victoria Clark</a>, Jenn Colella, <a href="/wiki/Jason_Danieley" title="Jason Danieley">Jason Danieley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gemignani" title="Alexander Gemignani">Alexander Gemignani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Gleason" title="Joanna Gleason">Joanna Gleason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Gunn" title="Nathan Gunn">Nathan Gunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Hearn" title="George Hearn">George Hearn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patti_LuPone" title="Patti LuPone">Patti LuPone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marin_Mazzie" title="Marin Mazzie">Marin Mazzie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audra_McDonald" title="Audra McDonald">Audra McDonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_McMartin" title="John McMartin">John McMartin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donna_Murphy" title="Donna Murphy">Donna Murphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karen_Olivo" title="Karen Olivo">Karen Olivo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laura_Osnes" title="Laura Osnes">Laura Osnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandy_Patinkin" title="Mandy Patinkin">Mandy Patinkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Peters" title="Bernadette Peters">Bernadette Peters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Steggert" title="Bobby Steggert">Bobby Steggert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Stritch" title="Elaine Stritch">Elaine Stritch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Walton" title="Jim Walton">Jim Walton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chip_Zien" title="Chip Zien">Chip Zien</a>, and the 2009 Broadway revival cast of <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a>. A ballet was performed by <a href="/wiki/American_Ballet_Theatre" title="American Ballet Theatre">Blaine Hoven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Noel_Riccetto" title="María Noel Riccetto">María Noel Riccetto</a> to Sondheim's score for Reds, and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Tunick" title="Jonathan Tunick">Jonathan Tunick</a> paid tribute to his longtime collaborator.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> The concert was broadcast on PBS's <a href="/wiki/Great_Performances" title="Great Performances">Great Performances</a> show in November,<a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> and its DVD was released on November 16. Sondheim 80, a <a href="/wiki/Roundabout_Theatre_Company" title="Roundabout Theatre Company">Roundabout Theatre Company</a> benefit, was held on March 22. The evening included a performance of Sondheim on Sondheim, dinner and a show at the New York Sheraton. "A very personal star-studded musical tribute" featured new songs by contemporary musical-theater writers. The composers (who sang their own songs) included <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kitt_(musician)" title="Tom Kitt (musician)">Tom Kitt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Yorkey" title="Brian Yorkey">Brian Yorkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_John_LaChiusa" title="Michael John LaChiusa">Michael John LaChiusa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lippa" title="Andrew Lippa">Andrew Lippa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a> and Kristen Anderson-Lopez, <a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> (accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a>), <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Sheik" title="Duncan Sheik">Duncan Sheik</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Tesori" title="Jeanine Tesori">Jeanine Tesori</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay-Abaire" title="David Lindsay-Abaire">David Lindsay-Abaire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Peters" title="Bernadette Peters">Bernadette Peters</a> performed a song that had been cut from a Sondheim show.<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> An April 26 <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">New York City Center</a> birthday celebration and concert to benefit Young Playwrights, among others, featured (in order of appearance) <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cerveris" title="Michael Cerveris">Michael Cerveris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gemignani" title="Alexander Gemignani">Alexander Gemignani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donna_Murphy" title="Donna Murphy">Donna Murphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debra_Monk" title="Debra Monk">Debra Monk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Gleason" title="Joanna Gleason">Joanna Gleason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Friedman" title="Maria Friedman">Maria Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Jacoby" title="Mark Jacoby">Mark Jacoby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Len_Cariou" title="Len Cariou">Len Cariou</a>, <a href="/wiki/BD_Wong" title="BD Wong">BD Wong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claybourne_Elder" title="Claybourne Elder">Claybourne Elder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hanson_(actor)" title="Alexander Hanson (actor)">Alexander Hanson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones" title="Catherine Zeta-Jones">Catherine Zeta-Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Esparza" title="Raúl Esparza">Raúl Esparza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Foster" title="Sutton Foster">Sutton Foster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lane" title="Nathan Lane">Nathan Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michele_Pawk" title="Michele Pawk">Michele Pawk</a>, the original cast of <a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods" title="Into the Woods">Into the Woods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Crosby_(singer)" title="Kim Crosby (singer)">Kim Crosby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chip_Zien" title="Chip Zien">Chip Zien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Ferland" title="Danielle Ferland">Danielle Ferland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Wright_(American_actor)" title="Ben Wright (American actor)">Ben Wright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Walton" title="Jim Walton">Jim Walton</a>. The concert, directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Doyle_(director)" title="John Doyle (director)">John Doyle</a>, was co-hosted by <a href="/wiki/Mia_Farrow" title="Mia Farrow">Mia Farrow</a>; greetings from <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Hancock" title="Sheila Hancock">Sheila Hancock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_McKenzie" title="Julia McKenzie">Julia McKenzie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glynis_Johns" title="Glynis Johns">Glynis Johns</a> were read. After <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones" title="Catherine Zeta-Jones">Catherine Zeta-Jones</a> performed "<a href="/wiki/Send_in_the_Clowns" class="mw-redirect" title="Send in the Clowns">Send in the Clowns</a>", <a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> sang part of "Not a Day Goes By" in a recorded greeting. <a href="/wiki/Patti_LuPone" title="Patti LuPone">Patti LuPone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Cook" title="Barbara Cook">Barbara Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Peters" title="Bernadette Peters">Bernadette Peters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Aldredge" title="Tom Aldredge">Tom Aldredge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Victor_Garber" title="Victor Garber">Victor Garber</a> were originally scheduled to perform, but did not appear.<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a> A July 31 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Proms" title="BBC Proms">BBC Proms</a> concert celebrated Sondheim's 80th birthday at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a>. The concert featured songs from many of his musicals, including "Send in the Clowns" sung by <a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (reprising her role as Desirée in the 1995 production of A Little Night Music), and performances by <a href="/wiki/Bryn_Terfel" title="Bryn Terfel">Bryn Terfel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Friedman" title="Maria Friedman">Maria Friedman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> On November 19 <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Pops" title="The New York Pops">the New York Pops</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Reineke" title="Steven Reineke">Steven Reineke</a>, performed at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> for the composer's 80th birthday. <a href="/wiki/Kate_Baldwin" title="Kate Baldwin">Kate Baldwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Lazar" title="Aaron Lazar">Aaron Lazar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christiane_Noll" title="Christiane Noll">Christiane Noll</a>, Paul Betz, Renee Rakelle, <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Maye" title="Marilyn Maye">Marilyn Maye</a> (singing "I'm Still Here"), and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gemignani" title="Alexander Gemignani">Alexander Gemignani</a> appeared, and songs included "I Remember", "Another Hundred People", "Children Will Listen", and "Getting Married Today". Sondheim took the stage during an encore of his song, "Old Friends".<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sondheim_at_90">Sondheim at 90</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sondheim at 90">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Take_Me_to_the_World:_A_Sondheim_90th_Birthday_Celebration" title="Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration">Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration</a></div> To honor Sondheim's 90th birthday, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> published a special nine-page Theater supplement on March 15, 2020, featuring comments by "Critics, Performers and Fans on the Bard of Broadway."<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a> Due to theater closures during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the Broadway revival of Company set to open on March 22, 2020, Sondheim's 90th birthday, was delayed.<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> But the virtual concert <a href="/wiki/Take_Me_to_the_World:_A_Sondheim_90th_Birthday_Celebration" title="Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration">Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration</a> was livestreamed on the <a href="/wiki/Broadway.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadway.com">Broadway.com</a> YouTube channel on April 26. Participants in the event included <a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lane" title="Nathan Lane">Nathan Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandy_Patinkin" title="Mandy Patinkin">Mandy Patinkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Garber" title="Victor Garber">Victor Garber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Peters" title="Bernadette Peters">Bernadette Peters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patti_LuPone" title="Patti LuPone">Patti LuPone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Patrick_Harris" title="Neil Patrick Harris">Neil Patrick Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jake_Gyllenhaal" title="Jake Gyllenhaal">Jake Gyllenhaal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Baranski" title="Christine Baranski">Christine Baranski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Foster" title="Sutton Foster">Sutton Foster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josh_Groban" title="Josh Groban">Josh Groban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Platt" title="Ben Platt">Ben Platt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Uranowitz" title="Brandon Uranowitz">Brandon Uranowitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katrina_Lenk" title="Katrina Lenk">Katrina Lenk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelli_O%27Hara" title="Kelli O'Hara">Kelli O'Hara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jason_Alexander" title="Jason Alexander">Jason Alexander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Stokes_Mitchell" title="Brian Stokes Mitchell">Brian Stokes Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beanie_Feldstein" title="Beanie Feldstein">Beanie Feldstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audra_McDonald" title="Audra McDonald">Audra McDonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laura_Benanti" title="Laura Benanti">Laura Benanti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Esparza" title="Raúl Esparza">Raúl Esparza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> After New York City theaters reopened in 2021, Sondheim attended revivals of two of his musicals: the opening night of Assassins at the <a href="/wiki/Classic_Stage_Company" title="Classic Stage Company">Classic Stage Company</a> on November 14, and the first post-shutdown preview of Company at the <a href="/wiki/Jacobs_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobs Theatre">Jacobs Theatre</a> on November 15.<a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTfinalinterview-234">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stephen_Sondheim's_Old_Friends">Stephen Sondheim's Old Friends</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Stephen Sondheim's Old Friends">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim%27s_Old_Friends" title="Stephen Sondheim's Old Friends">Stephen Sondheim's Old Friends</a></div> In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Mackintosh" title="Cameron Mackintosh">Cameron Mackintosh</a> presented Stephen Sondheim's Old Friends, a two-hour concert tribute to the late Sondheim. The concert happened in the <a href="/wiki/West_End_(theatre)" class="mw-redirect" title="West End (theatre)">West End</a> in May and aired on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> in December. Performers at the event included <a href="/wiki/Helena_Bonham_Carter" title="Helena Bonham Carter">Helena Bonham Carter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rob_Brydon" title="Rob Brydon">Rob Brydon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petula_Clark" title="Petula Clark">Petula Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damian_Lewis" title="Damian Lewis">Damian Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_McKenzie" title="Julia McKenzie">Julia McKenzie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Peters" title="Bernadette Peters">Bernadette Peters</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Staunton" title="Imelda Staunton">Imelda Staunton</a>. Highlights included Dench singing "<a href="/wiki/Send_in_the_Clowns" class="mw-redirect" title="Send in the Clowns">Send in the Clowns</a>", Peters singing "Children Will Listen", and Staunton's "<a href="/wiki/Everything%27s_Coming_Up_Roses" title="Everything's Coming Up Roses">Everything's Coming Up Roses</a>". Mackintosh revived the tribute for a limited run at the <a href="/wiki/Gielgud_Theatre" title="Gielgud Theatre">Gielgud Theatre</a> beginning previews on September 16, 2023, with a planned closing on January 6, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a> The production stars <a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Peters" title="Bernadette Peters">Bernadette Peters</a>, marking her West End debut, and <a href="/wiki/Lea_Salonga" title="Lea Salonga">Lea Salonga</a>, returning to the West End for the first time since 1996. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style_and_themes">Style and themes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Style and themes">edit</a>]</div> According to Sondheim, when he asked <a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a> if he could study <a href="/wiki/Atonality" title="Atonality">atonality</a>, Babbitt replied: "You haven't exhausted <a href="/wiki/Tonality" title="Tonality">tonal</a> resources for yourself yet, so I'm not going to teach you atonal".<a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a> Music critic <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Tommasini" title="Anthony Tommasini">Anthony Tommasini</a> wrote that Sondheim's work, "while hewing to a tonal musical language, activated harmonies and folded elements of <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Impressionism_in_music" title="Impressionism in music">Impressionist</a> styles in his own distinctive, exhilarating voice."<a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a> Sondheim is known for complex <a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphony</a> in his vocals, such as the five minor characters who make up a <a href="/wiki/Greek_chorus" title="Greek chorus">Greek chorus</a> in 1973's <a href="/wiki/A_Little_Night_Music" title="A Little Night Music">A Little Night Music</a>. He used angular harmonies and intricate melodies. His musical influences were varied; although he said that he "loves <a href="/wiki/Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="Bach">Bach</a>", his favorite musical period was from <a href="/wiki/Brahms" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahms">Brahms</a> to <a href="/wiki/Stravinsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bach-238">[236]</a> Raymond-Jean Frontain writes that thematically, Sondheim's musicals occupy a paradoxical place in gay culture, describing him as a gay creative artist who never created an explicitly gay character, but nevertheless attained gay cult status. Frontain continues: <blockquote>He incarnates the paradox of a highly intellectualized gay perspective that prizes ambivalence, undercuts traditional American progressivism, and rejects the musical's historically idealistic view of sex, romance, and the family; but that at the same time eschews camp, deconstructs the diva, and is apparently oblivious to AIDS, the post-Stonewall struggle for civil equality, and other socio-political issues that concern most gay men of his generation.<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a></blockquote> Luca Prono described Sondheim's work as rejecting the traditional image of the Western world typically presented in Broadway productions, and instead depicting it as "predatory and alienating". His works have acquired a cult following with <a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">queer</a> audiences, and his songs have been adopted as life scores for successive generations of gays, and have often had a primary role in AIDS fundraising events.<a href="#cite_note-Prono2008-240">[238]</a> "Somewhere" from West Side Story was informally adopted as a <a href="/wiki/Gay_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay anthem">gay anthem</a> before the start of the <a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">gay liberation</a> movement, but Sondheim rejected that reading, saying, "If you think that's a gay song, then all songs about getting away from the realities of life are gay songs."<a href="#cite_note-Kaiser2007-241">[239]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Terry_Gross" title="Terry Gross">Terry Gross</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Fresh_Air" title="Fresh Air">Fresh Air</a> program on <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, Sondheim stated, <blockquote>I'm interested in the theater because I'm interested in communication with audiences," [...] "Otherwise I would be in concert music. I'd be in another kind of profession. I love the theater as much as music, and the whole idea of getting across to an audience and making them laugh, making them cry – just making them feel – is paramount to me."<a href="#cite_note-Gross2010-242">[240]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Matt_Zoller_Seitz" title="Matt Zoller Seitz">Matt Zoller Seitz</a> characterized Sondheim's work for its bravery to express the truth, in all its complexity: "compassionately but without sugarcoating anything," devoid of the "easy reassurances and neat resolutions" typically demanded in the marketplace.<a href="#cite_note-Seitz2021-243">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Personal life and death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I_Stephen_Sondheim_House,_New_York_City,_NY,_USA_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/I_Stephen_Sondheim_House%2C_New_York_City%2C_NY%2C_USA_%282%29.jpg/170px-I_Stephen_Sondheim_House%2C_New_York_City%2C_NY%2C_USA_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/I_Stephen_Sondheim_House%2C_New_York_City%2C_NY%2C_USA_%282%29.jpg/255px-I_Stephen_Sondheim_House%2C_New_York_City%2C_NY%2C_USA_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/I_Stephen_Sondheim_House%2C_New_York_City%2C_NY%2C_USA_%282%29.jpg/340px-I_Stephen_Sondheim_House%2C_New_York_City%2C_NY%2C_USA_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Stephen Sondheim's House, <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Bay,_Manhattan" title="Turtle Bay, Manhattan">Turtle Bay, New York City</a>, New York</figcaption></figure> Sondheim was often described as introverted and solitary. In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Frank_Rich" title="Frank Rich">Frank Rich</a>, he said: "The outsider feeling—somebody who people want to both kiss and kill—occurred quite early in my life". Sondheim jokingly told the New York Times in 1966: "I've never found anybody I could work with as quickly as myself, or with less argument", although he described himself as "naturally a collaborative animal".<a href="#cite_note-Lawson2021-244">[242]</a> Sondheim came out as gay at the age of 40.<a href="#cite_note-rich-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-StillCutting1-245">[243]</a> He rarely discussed his personal life, though he said in 2013 that he had not been in love before he turned 60, when he entered into a roughly eight-year relationship with dramatist Peter Jones.<a href="#cite_note-Cooper2021-246">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schanke2005-247">[245]</a> Sondheim married Jeffrey Scott Romley, a digital technologist, in 2017; they lived in Manhattan and <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Connecticut" title="Roxbury, Connecticut">Roxbury, Connecticut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lawson2021-244">[242]</a> In 2010–2011, Sondheim published, in two volumes, his autobiography, Finishing the Hat: Collected Lyrics (1954–1981) with Attendant Comments, Principles, Heresies, Grudges, Whines and Anecdotes<a href="#cite_note-Sondheim2010-248">[246]</a> and Look, I Made a Hat: Collected Lyrics (1981–2011) with Attendant Comments, Amplifications, Dogmas, Harangues, Digressions, Anecdotes and Miscellany.<a href="#cite_note-Sondheim2011-249">[247]</a> The memoir included Sondheim's lyrical declaration of principle, stating that four principles underpinned "everything I've ever written". These were: "Content Dictates Form, Less is More, God is in the Details – all in the service of Clarity."<a href="#cite_note-Lawson2021-244">[242]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Six_by_Sondheim" title="Six by Sondheim">Six by Sondheim</a>, James Lapine's 2013 documentary film about the creative process, Sondheim revealed that he liked to write his music lying down and would occasionally have a cocktail to help him write.<a href="#cite_note-Seitz2013-250">[248]</a> Sondheim died of cardiovascular disease at his home in Roxbury on November 26, 2021, at age 91.<a href="#cite_note-Weber-37">[37]</a> Collaborator and friend <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Sams" title="Jeremy Sams">Jeremy Sams</a> said Sondheim "died in the arms of his husband Jeff".<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a> On November 29, <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">theatres across the West End</a> of London dimmed their lights for two minutes to mark Sondheim's passing. Broadway theaters similarly dimmed their marquee lights for one minute on December 8.<a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> It is estimated that Sondheim's estate, including the rights to his work, was valued at around $75 million, the entirety of which was placed in trust. In his will, he named F. Richard Pappas and a second unnamed individual as the executors. Beneficiaries included his husband, Jeff; his frequent collaborator James Lapine; former lover Peter Jones; former assistant Steven Clar; designer Peter Wooster; gardener Rob Girard; the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">New York Public Library for the Performing Arts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT2022estate-254">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Published works">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Stephen Sondheim's Crossword Puzzles: From New York Magazine (1980) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-090708-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-090708-8">0-06-090708-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finishing_the_Hat" title="Finishing the Hat">Finishing the Hat</a>: Collected Lyrics (1954–1981) with Attendant Comments, Principles, Heresies, Grudges, Whines and Anecdotes (2010) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-43907-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-43907-3">978-0-679-43907-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finishing_the_Hat#Look,_I_Made_a_Hat" title="Finishing the Hat">Look, I Made a Hat</a>: Collected Lyrics (1981–2011) with Attendant Comments, Amplifications, Dogmas, Harangues, Digressions, Anecdotes and Miscellany (2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307593412" title="Special:BookSources/9780307593412">9780307593412</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> Here We Are is a posthumous work, and before Sondheim's death he referred to the show as being titled Square One. </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> Sondheim was named for this award for 2014, but was unable to attend the ceremony, and thus was named again for the 2015 award and ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828014116/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/11/24/remarks-president-medal-freedom-ceremony">"Remarks by the President at Medal of Freedom Ceremony"</a>. <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. 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Retrieved April 7, 2012. <q>... she wrote me a letter, hand-delivered because she thought she was going to die and she wanted to make sure I got it. She said, 'The night before I undergo open heart surgery,' – underlined three times. Open parenthesis. 'My surgeon's term.' Close parenthesis. 'The only regret I have in life is giving you birth.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sondheim%27s+Passionate+%22Passion%22&rft.date=1994-03-20&rft.aulast=Kakutani&rft.aufirst=Michiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F07%2F19%2Fspecials%2Fsondheim-compassion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESecrest1998p._272:_"Sondheim_was_in_London_when_his_mother_died_and_did_not_return_for_her_funeral."-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESecrest1998p._272:_"Sondheim_was_in_London_when_his_mother_died_and_did_not_return_for_her_funeral."_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSecrest1998">Secrest 1998</a>, p. 272: "Sondheim was in London when his mother died and did not return for her funeral.". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZadan19864-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZadan19864_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZadan19864_17-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFZadan1986">Zadan 1986</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman1998" class="citation news cs1">Kaufman, David (October 5, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Stephen+Sondheim%3A+A+Life-a021250311">"Book review: Stephen Sondheim: A Life"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a>. Retrieved November 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Book+review%3A+Stephen+Sondheim%3A+A+Life&rft.date=1998-10-05&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FStephen%2BSondheim%253A%2BA%2BLife-a021250311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028021622/http://www.musicalcriticism.com/opera/saturday-night-0209.shtml">"Sondheim's Saturday Night at the Jermyn Street Theatre – MusicalCriticism.com (Musical Theatre review)"</a>. MusicalCriticism.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicalcriticism.com/opera/saturday-night-0209.shtml">the original</a> on October 28, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sondheim%27s+Saturday+Night+at+the+Jermyn+Street+Theatre+%E2%80%93+MusicalCriticism.com+%28Musical+Theatre+review%29&rft.pub=MusicalCriticism.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicalcriticism.com%2Fopera%2Fsaturday-night-0209.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESecrest199878–79-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESecrest199878–79_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSecrest1998">Secrest 1998</a>, pp. 78–79. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1960/08/23/archives/oscar-hammerstein-2d-is-dead-librettist-and-producer-was-65-did.html">"Oscar Hammerstein 2d Is Dead; Librettist and Producer Was 65"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. August 23, 1960. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved November 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Oscar+Hammerstein+2d+Is+Dead%3B+Librettist+and+Producer+Was+65&rft.date=1960-08-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1960%2F08%2F23%2Farchives%2Foscar-hammerstein-2d-is-dead-librettist-and-producer-was-65-did.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://partners.nytimes.com/library/magazine/home/20000312mag-sondheim.html">"Conversations With Sondheim"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070318054150/http://partners.nytimes.com/library/magazine/home/20000312mag-sondheim.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2007. Retrieved February 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Conversations+With+Sondheim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpartners.nytimes.com%2Flibrary%2Fmagazine%2Fhome%2F20000312mag-sondheim.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-youtube.com-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-youtube.com_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-youtube.com_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFSq1mNkB2U">"Stephen Sondheim with Adam Guettel"</a>. December 7, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140601052043/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFSq1mNkB2U">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2014. Retrieved July 4, 2014 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephen+Sondheim+with+Adam+Guettel&rft.date=2010-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRFSq1mNkB2U&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musopen.org/pt/education/instrument/323/piano/great-composers/20th-century-composers/stephen-sondheim/">"Stephen Sondheim for Piano – Guides"</a>. musopen.org (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180210002843/https://musopen.org/pt/education/instrument/323/piano/great-composers/20th-century-composers/stephen-sondheim/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=musopen.org&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim+for+Piano+%E2%80%93+Guides&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmusopen.org%2Fpt%2Feducation%2Finstrument%2F323%2Fpiano%2Fgreat-composers%2F20th-century-composers%2Fstephen-sondheim%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiff2010" class="citation journal cs1">Schiff, Stephen (2010). "Deconstructing Sondheim". The Sondheim Review. XVII (2). Sondheim Review, Inc.: 16. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1076-450X">1076-450X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sondheim+Review&rft.atitle=Deconstructing+Sondheim&rft.volume=XVII&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=16&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=1076-450X&rft.aulast=Schiff&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-An_early_influence-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-An_early_influence_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-An_early_influence_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-An_early_influence_26-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"An early influence". The Sondheim Review. XVII (4). Sondheim Review, Inc.: 6 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1076-450X">1076-450X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sondheim+Review&rft.atitle=An+early+influence&rft.volume=XVII&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1076-450X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bermel-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bermel_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bermel_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tBVLHv01WE">"A Conversation with Stephen Sondheim"</a>. May 9, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190409142524/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tBVLHv01WE">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2019. Retrieved December 9, 2017 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Conversation+with+Stephen+Sondheim&rft.date=2012-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D4tBVLHv01WE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipton1997" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Lipton, James (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101027183725/http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1283/the-art-of-the-musical-stephen-sondheim">"The Art of the Musical Stephen Sondheim"</a>. The Paris Review. Vol. Spring 1997, no. 142. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1283/the-art-of-the-musical-stephen-sondheim">the original</a> on October 27, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Paris+Review&rft.atitle=The+Art+of+the+Musical+Stephen+Sondheim&rft.volume=Spring+1997&rft.issue=142&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Lipton&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Finterviews%2F1283%2Fthe-art-of-the-musical-stephen-sondheim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Citron2001-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Citron2001_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCitron2001" class="citation book cs1">Citron, Stephen (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a4XmCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38">Sondheim and Lloyd-Webber: The New Musical</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509601-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509601-9"><bdi>978-0-19-509601-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sondheim+and+Lloyd-Webber%3A+The+New+Musical&rft.pages=238&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-509601-9&rft.aulast=Citron&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da4XmCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Citron 2001, p. 47 </li> <li id="cite_note-afic-31"><a href="#cite_ref-afic_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2003" class="citation news cs1">Mitchell, Elvis (August 28, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D04EEDC1139F93BA1575BC0A9659C8B63">"Sondheim, Film Aficionado; Choices for Telluride Festival Show Nonmusical Side"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211127024337/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/28/movies/sondheim-film-aficionado-choices-for-telluride-festival-show-nonmusical-side.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved March 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sondheim%2C+Film+Aficionado%3B+Choices+for+Telluride+Festival+Show+Nonmusical+Side&rft.date=2003-08-28&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Elvis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9D04EEDC1139F93BA1575BC0A9659C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times_90th_Tribute-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Times_90th_Tribute_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJesse_Green2020" class="citation news cs1">Jesse Green (March 15, 2020). "Isn't He Something". The New York Times. No. Theater p. 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Sondheim 101: A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714145938/http://www.sondheimreview.com/v18n4.htm">Archived</a> July 14, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sondheimreview.com, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZadan198638-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZadan198638_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZadan1986">Zadan 1986</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkethway2021" class="citation news cs1">Skethway, Nathan (May 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playbill.com/article/look-back-at-the-original-production-of-a-funny-thing-happened-on-the-way-to-the-forum">"Look Back at the Original Production of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a>. Retrieved November 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Look+Back+at+the+Original+Production+of+A+Funny+Thing+Happened+on+the+Way+to+the+Forum&rft.date=2021-05-08&rft.aulast=Skethway&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Farticle%2Flook-back-at-the-original-production-of-a-funny-thing-happened-on-the-way-to-the-forum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tonyawards.com/nominees/year/1963/category/any/show/any/">"The Tony Award Nominations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a>. 1963. 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Retrieved November 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim%2C+Titan+of+the+American+Musical%2C+Is+Dead+at+91&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F26%2Ftheater%2Fstephen-sondheim-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Laurents, Arthur (2000) Original Story By, New York: Alfred A. 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Playbill. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/181139-Stephen-Sondheim-and-Wynton-Marsalis-Collaboration-for-City-Center-Has-New-Title-Parker-Esse-Will-Choreograph">the original</a> on November 9, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim+and+Wynton+Marsalis%27+Collaboration+for+City+Center+Has+New+Title%3B+Parker+Esse+Will+Choreograph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F181139-Stephen-Sondheim-and-Wynton-Marsalis-Collaboration-for-City-Center-Has-New-Title-Parker-Esse-Will-Choreograph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Champion, Lindsay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadway.com/buzz/172920/meet-the-jazzy-cast-of-sondheim-marsalis-a-bed-and-a-chair-starring-bernadette-peters-jeremy-jordan/">"Meet the Jazzy Cast of Sondheim & Marsalis' 'A Bed and a Chair', Starring Bernadette Peters & Jeremy Jordan"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109052417/http://www.broadway.com/buzz/172920/meet-the-jazzy-cast-of-sondheim-marsalis-a-bed-and-a-chair-starring-bernadette-peters-jeremy-jordan/">Archived</a> November 9, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> broadway.com, November 7, 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Suskin, Steven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/184418-Stephen-Sondheim-and-Wynton-Marsalis-Offer-a-Comfortable-Bed-and-a-Chair-at-City-Center?tsrc=hph">"Stephen Sondheim and Wynton Marsalis Offer a Comfortable Bed and a Chair at City Center"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212104538/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/184418-Stephen-Sondheim-and-Wynton-Marsalis-Offer-a-Comfortable-Bed-and-a-Chair-at-City-Center?tsrc=hph">Archived</a> December 12, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> playbill.com, November 14, 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbins2015" class="citation news cs1">Robbins, Caryn (February 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/VIDEO-Meryl-Streep-Performs-INTO-THE-WOODS-Deleted-Song-Shell-Be-Back-20150227">"VIDEO: Meryl Streep Performs INTO THE WOODS Deleted Song 'She'll Be Back'!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BroadwayWorld" title="BroadwayWorld">BroadwayWorld</a>. Retrieved November 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BroadwayWorld&rft.atitle=VIDEO%3A+Meryl+Streep+Performs+INTO+THE+WOODS+Deleted+Song+%27She%27ll+Be+Back%27%21&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Caryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayworld.com%2Farticle%2FVIDEO-Meryl-Streep-Performs-INTO-THE-WOODS-Deleted-Song-Shell-Be-Back-20150227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/stephen-sondheim-and-david-ives-at-work-on-new-musical-based-on-films-of-luis-buuel-333041">"Stephen Sondheim and David Ives at Work on New Musical Based on Films of Luis Buñuel"</a>. Playbill. October 12, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141115141429/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/stephen-sondheim-and-david-ives-at-work-on-new-musical-based-on-films-of-luis-buuel-333041">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2014. Retrieved November 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim+and+David+Ives+at+Work+on+New+Musical+Based+on+Films+of+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.date=2014-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fstephen-sondheim-and-david-ives-at-work-on-new-musical-based-on-films-of-luis-buuel-333041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Riedel, Michael <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2016/08/23/stephen-sondheim-is-halfway-done-with-his-new-musical/">"Stephen Sondheim is halfway done with his new musical"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180209063845/https://nypost.com/2016/08/23/stephen-sondheim-is-halfway-done-with-his-new-musical/">Archived</a> February 9, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> New York Post, August 26, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> Viagas, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/article/matthew-morrison-says-sondheims-new-bunuel-musical-is-challenging#">"Matthew Morrison Says Sondheim's New Buñuel Musical Is "Challenging" "</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180116081313/http://www.playbill.com/article/matthew-morrison-says-sondheims-new-bunuel-musical-is-challenging">Archived</a> January 16, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Playbill, January 4, 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> Wong, Wayman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/BWW-Exclusive-Sondheim-Knocks-Riedels-Reporting-Says-His-New-Musical-Was-Never-Called-BUNUEL-20170426">"BWW Exclusive: Sondheim Knocks Riedel's Reporting; Says His New Musical Was Never Called Bunuel"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180209064205/https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/BWW-Exclusive-Sondheim-Knocks-Riedels-Reporting-Says-His-New-Musical-Was-Never-Called-BUNUEL-20170426">Archived</a> February 9, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> BroadwayWorld.com, April 26, 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaulson2019" class="citation news cs1">Paulson, Michael (June 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/06/theater/public-theater-season.html">"'For Colored Girls' and 'Soft Power' Will be Part of Public Theater Season"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190724220907/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/06/theater/public-theater-season.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27For+Colored+Girls%27+and+%27Soft+Power%27+Will+be+Part+of+Public+Theater+Season&rft.date=2019-06-06&rft.aulast=Paulson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F06%2F06%2Ftheater%2Fpublic-theater-season.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGans2021" class="citation web cs1">Gans, Andrew (April 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/article/stephen-sondheim-musical-bunuel-no-longer-in-development">"Stephen Sondheim Musical Buñuel No Longer in Development"</a>. Playbill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501180053/https://www.playbill.com/article/stephen-sondheim-musical-bunuel-no-longer-in-development">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim+Musical+Bu%C3%B1uel+No+Longer+in+Development&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft.aulast=Gans&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Farticle%2Fstephen-sondheim-musical-bunuel-no-longer-in-development&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Sondheim shared news of the reading during a September 15, 2021, appearance on <a href="/wiki/The_Late_Show_with_Stephen_Colbert" title="The Late Show with Stephen Colbert">The Late Show with Stephen Colbert</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/GKSYeMgamIA">Stephen Sondheim Is Still Writing New Works, As "Company" Returns To Broadway</a>, September 16, 2021, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GKSYeMgamIA">the original</a> on October 30, 2021, retrieved September 16, 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stephen+Sondheim+Is+Still+Writing+New+Works%2C+As+%22Company%22+Returns+To+Broadway&rft.date=2021-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DGKSYeMgamIA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajor" class="citation web cs1">Major, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/VIDEO-Nathan-Lane-Talks-Reading-of-a-New-Sondheim-Musical-With-Bernadette-Peters-20210915">"VIDEO: Nathan Lane Talks Reading of a New Sondheim Musical With Bernadette Peters"</a>. BroadwayWorld.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916144446/https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/VIDEO-Nathan-Lane-Talks-Reading-of-a-New-Sondheim-Musical-With-Bernadette-Peters-20210915">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BroadwayWorld.com&rft.atitle=VIDEO%3A+Nathan+Lane+Talks+Reading+of+a+New+Sondheim+Musical+With+Bernadette+Peters&rft.aulast=Major&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayworld.com%2Farticle%2FVIDEO-Nathan-Lane-Talks-Reading-of-a-New-Sondheim-Musical-With-Bernadette-Peters-20210915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaulson2021" class="citation news cs1">Paulson, Michael (November 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/26/theater/stephen-sondheim-final-interview.html">"Days Before Dying, Stephen Sondheim Reflected: 'I've Been Lucky'"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved November 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Days+Before+Dying%2C+Stephen+Sondheim+Reflected%3A+%27I%27ve+Been+Lucky%27&rft.date=2021-11-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Paulson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F26%2Ftheater%2Fstephen-sondheim-final-interview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_110-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_110-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2023" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Greg (March 16, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2023/07/stephen-sondheim-final-musical-here-we-are-off-broadway-joe-mantello-1235301303/">"Final Stephen Sondheim Musical 'Here We Are' To Make Off Broadway World Premiere This Fall With Joe Mantello Directing"</a>. Deadline. Retrieved March 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline&rft.atitle=Final+Stephen+Sondheim+Musical+%27Here+We+Are%27+To+Make+Off+Broadway+World+Premiere+This+Fall+With+Joe+Mantello+Directing&rft.date=2023-03-16&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2023%2F07%2Fstephen-sondheim-final-musical-here-we-are-off-broadway-joe-mantello-1235301303%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kencen-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kencen_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kencen_111-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sondheimguide.com/concerts3.html#Kennedy">"Sondheim Guide listing for Kennedy Center Celebration, 2002"</a>. Sondheimguide.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929024138/http://www.sondheimguide.com/concerts3.html#Kennedy">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sondheim+Guide+listing+for+Kennedy+Center+Celebration%2C+2002&rft.pub=Sondheimguide.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sondheimguide.com%2Fconcerts3.html%23Kennedy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Jones, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/its-a-hit-kennedy-centers-sondheim-celebration-is-already-half-sold-103944">'It's a Hit! Kennedy Center's Sondheim Celebration Is Already Half-Sold"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924195804/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/its-a-hit-kennedy-centers-sondheim-celebration-is-already-half-sold-103944">Archived</a> September 24, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, playbill.com, February 13, 2002. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kennedy-center.org/programs/newseason/sondheim/cast.html">"Sondheim Cast"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016040946/http://www.kennedy-center.org/programs/newseason/sondheim/cast.html">Archived</a> October 16, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, kennedy-center.org. Retrieved May 17, 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kennedy-center.org/programs/newseason/sondheim/">"Kennedy Center Sondheim Celebration"</a>. Kennedy-center.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190112210210/http://www.kennedy-center.org/programs/newseason/sondheim/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kennedy+Center+Sondheim+Celebration&rft.pub=Kennedy-center.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kennedy-center.org%2Fprograms%2Fnewseason%2Fsondheim%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._M._Homes2008" class="citation magazine cs1">A. M. Homes (February 22, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/03/ontheroad200803">"On the Road: Rich evenings with Sondheim"</a>. Vanity Fair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111129134330/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/03/ontheroad200803">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=On+the+Road%3A+Rich+evenings+with+Sondheim&rft.date=2008-02-22&rft.au=A.+M.+Homes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fculture%2Ffeatures%2F2008%2F03%2Fontheroad200803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111227140511/http://www.independent.com/news/2008/mar/06/stephen-sondheim-and-frank-rich-stage-em-little-ni/">"Santa Barbara Independent, Interview with Sondheim about the talks, March 6, 2008"</a>. Santa Barbara Independent. March 6, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.com/news/2008/mar/06/stephen-sondheim-and-frank-rich-stage-em-little-ni/">the original</a> on December 27, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Santa+Barbara+Independent&rft.atitle=Santa+Barbara+Independent%2C+Interview+with+Sondheim+about+the+talks%2C+March+6%2C+2008&rft.date=2008-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.com%2Fnews%2F2008%2Fmar%2F06%2Fstephen-sondheim-and-frank-rich-stage-em-little-ni%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStudent_Affairs_Information_Systems,_webmaster@sa.ucsb.edu" class="citation web cs1">Student Affairs Information Systems, webmaster@sa.ucsb.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandlectures.sa.ucsb.edu/Details.aspx?PerfNum=889">"UCSB listing"</a>. Artsandlectures.sa.ucsb.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009112315/https://artsandlectures.sa.ucsb.edu/Details.aspx?PerfNum=889">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UCSB+listing&rft.pub=Artsandlectures.sa.ucsb.edu&rft.au=Student+Affairs+Information+Systems%2C+webmaster%40sa.ucsb.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartsandlectures.sa.ucsb.edu%2FDetails.aspx%3FPerfNum%3D889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magazine.ucla.edu/depts/happenings/stephen-sondheim/">"UCLA listing"</a>. Magazine.ucla.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807170054/http://magazine.ucla.edu/depts/happenings/stephen-sondheim/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UCLA+listing&rft.pub=Magazine.ucla.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.magazine.ucla.edu%2Fdepts%2Fhappenings%2Fstephen-sondheim%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005051321/http://www.frankrich.com/schedule.htm">"Rich schedule"</a>. Frankrich.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankrich.com/schedule.htm">the original</a> on October 5, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rich+schedule&rft.pub=Frankrich.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frankrich.com%2Fschedule.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebb" class="citation web cs1">Webb, Rebecca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081226204033/http://www.kink.fm/pages/1614757.php">"Stephen Sondheim"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KINK" title="KINK">KINK</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kink.fm/pages/1614757.php">the original</a> on December 26, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephen+Sondheim&rft.pub=KINK&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kink.fm%2Fpages%2F1614757.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.oberlin.edu/artsguide/convocation-series/1-sondheim-rich.shtml">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090705114133/http://www.oberlin.edu/artsguide/convocation-series/1-sondheim-rich.shtml">Archived</a> July 5, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Heller, Fran. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/articles/2008/10/10/features/arts/aarts1010.txt">"Sondheim scores a hit at Oberlin College"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424071859/http://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/articles/2008/10/10/features/arts/aarts1010.txt">Archived</a> April 24, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Cleveland Jewish News, October 10, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Gans, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/123236.html">"Sondheim and Rich Will Discuss A Life in the Theater in January 2009"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090107163019/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/123236.html">Archived</a> January 7, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Playbill.com, November 11, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://modlin.richmond.edu/contentmgr/showdetails.php/id/1708">[2]</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.phillyfunguide.com/event.php?id=23642">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081227000350/http://www.phillyfunguide.com/event.php?id=23642">Archived</a> December 27, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejthomashall.com/eventsearch/event_detail.php?id=544">"Stephen Sondheim with Frank Rich listing"</a>. Ejthomashall.com. Retrieved September 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephen+Sondheim+with+Frank+Rich+listing&rft.pub=Ejthomashall.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejthomashall.com%2Feventsearch%2Fevent_detail.php%3Fid%3D544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tulsaworld.com/scene/article.aspx?subjectid=272&articleid=20100418_272_D4_Thefre754390">"Sondheim conversation set for TU"</a>. Tulsa World. April 18, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119141448/http://www.tulsaworld.com/scene/article.aspx?subjectid=272&articleid=20100418_272_D4_Thefre754390">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tulsa+World&rft.atitle=Sondheim+conversation+set+for+TU&rft.date=2010-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tulsaworld.com%2Fscene%2Farticle.aspx%3Fsubjectid%3D272%26articleid%3D20100418_272_D4_Thefre754390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308023022/http://www.lafayette.edu/about/news/2011/03/09/a-life-in-the-theater-broadway-legend-stephen-sondheim-visits-campus/">"A Life in the Theater: Broadway Legend Stephen Sondheim Visits Campus · About · Lafayette College"</a>. Lafayette.edu. March 9, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lafayette.edu/about/news/2011/03/09/a-life-in-the-theater-broadway-legend-stephen-sondheim-visits-campus/">the original</a> on March 8, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Life+in+the+Theater%3A+Broadway+Legend+Stephen+Sondheim+Visits+Campus+%C2%B7+About+%C2%B7+Lafayette+College&rft.pub=Lafayette.edu&rft.date=2011-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lafayette.edu%2Fabout%2Fnews%2F2011%2F03%2F09%2Fa-life-in-the-theater-broadway-legend-stephen-sondheim-visits-campus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Maupin, Elizabeth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.orlandosentinel.com/entertainment_stage_theat/2009/02/sondheim-talks-and-talks-and-talks.html">"Sondheim talks. And talks. And talks."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130826144038/http://blogs.orlandosentinel.com/entertainment_stage_theat/2009/02/sondheim-talks-and-talks-and-talks.html">Archived</a> August 26, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Orlandosentinel.com, February 5, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"More from Sondheim". The Sondheim Review. XVII (4). Sondheim Review, Inc.: 6 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1076-450X">1076-450X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sondheim+Review&rft.atitle=More+from+Sondheim&rft.volume=XVII&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1076-450X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-feb-07-et-quick7.s4-story.html">"Sondheim salon is a hot ticket"</a>. Los Angeles Times. April 2, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306120209/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/07/entertainment/et-quick7.S4">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Sondheim+salon+is+a+hot+ticket&rft.date=2009-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2008-feb-07-et-quick7.s4-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIR-olTvKjU&list=PLBB4D7F7A8D337EA6&index=4">"A Salon with Stephen Sondheim at ANMT"</a>. June 20, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150523015109/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIR-olTvKjU&list=PLBB4D7F7A8D337EA6&index=4">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved July 4, 2014 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Salon+with+Stephen+Sondheim+at+ANMT&rft.date=2008-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DBIR-olTvKjU%26list%3DPLBB4D7F7A8D337EA6%26index%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHealy2011" class="citation news cs1">Healy, Patrick (September 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/16/this-time-its-crosswords-not-cross-words-that-surface-from-sondheim/">"This Time It's Crosswords (Not Cross Words) That Surface From Sondheim"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111223539/https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/16/this-time-its-crosswords-not-cross-words-that-surface-from-sondheim/">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=This+Time+It%27s+Crosswords+%28Not+Cross+Words%29+That+Surface+From+Sondheim&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F09%2F16%2Fthis-time-its-crosswords-not-cross-words-that-surface-from-sondheim%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephenson2015" class="citation news cs1">Stephenson, Hugh (April 16, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/crosswords/crossword-blog/2015/apr/16/1">"The story of how cryptic crosswords crossed the Atlantic"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved November 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+story+of+how+cryptic+crosswords+crossed+the+Atlantic&rft.date=2015-04-16&rft.aulast=Stephenson&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcrosswords%2Fcrossword-blog%2F2015%2Fapr%2F16%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParr2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Parr, Andrew (May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gamesmagazine-online.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Sondheim_GAMESmag.pdf">"Call Me Steve"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Games_World_of_Puzzles" title="Games World of Puzzles">Games World of Puzzles</a>. Vol. 45, no. 4. pp. 33–37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Games+World+of+Puzzles&rft.atitle=Call+Me+Steve&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=33-37&rft.date=2021-05&rft.aulast=Parr&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgamesmagazine-online.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F11%2FSondheim_GAMESmag.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPender2021" class="citation book cs1">Pender, Rick (2021). "Puzzles, Games, and Mysteries". The Stephen Sondheim Encyclopedia. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 423–425. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781538115862" title="Special:BookSources/9781538115862"><bdi>9781538115862</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Puzzles%2C+Games%2C+and+Mysteries&rft.btitle=The+Stephen+Sondheim+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Lanham&rft.pages=423-425&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781538115862&rft.aulast=Pender&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmer2021" class="citation news cs1">Zimmer, Ben (December 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/culture/2021/12/stephen-sondheim-crossword-puzzles-cryptic-west-side-story.html">"Stephen Sondheim Didn't Just Change Musicals. He Changed Crosswords"</a>. Slate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim+Didn%27t+Just+Change+Musicals.+He+Changed+Crosswords.&rft.date=2021-12-04&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fculture%2F2021%2F12%2Fstephen-sondheim-crossword-puzzles-cryptic-west-side-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Producer <a href="/wiki/Morton_Gottlieb" title="Morton Gottlieb">Morton Gottlieb</a> shared a manuscript bearing Who's Afraid of Stephen Sondheim? as the play's working title. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/07/19/specials/sondheim-shaffer.html">THEATER: Of Mystery, Murder and Other Delights</a> The New York Times Books, March 10, 1996. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon2014-135"><a href="#cite_ref-Gordon2014_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2014" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Joanne (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XC9pAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85">Stephen Sondheim: A Casebook</a>. Routledge. pp. 85–88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-70210-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-70210-6"><bdi>978-1-135-70210-6</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved September 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BroadwayWorld.com&rft.atitle=Powerhouse+Scribes+Stephen+Sondheim+%26+David+Ives+at+Work+on+New+Musical&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbroadwayworld.com%2Farticle%2FPowerhouse-Scribes-Stephen-Sondheim-David-Ives-at-Work-on-New-Musical-20120229%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> Kepler, Adam W. and Healy, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/29/rolling-along-sondheim-discloses-hes-working-on-a-new-show/?partner=rss&emc=rss">"Rolling Along: Sondheim Discloses He's Working on a New Show"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140726143703/http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/29/rolling-along-sondheim-discloses-hes-working-on-a-new-show/?partner=rss&emc=rss">Archived</a> July 26, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The New York Times (artsbeat.blogs), February 29, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> Wappler, Margaret. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2012/02/stephen-sondheim-has-20-or-30-minutes-written-of-a-new-musical.html">"Stephen Sondheim has '20 or 30 minutes' written of a new musical"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304021612/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2012/02/stephen-sondheim-has-20-or-30-minutes-written-of-a-new-musical.html">Archived</a> March 4, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Los Angeles Times (blogs), February 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://broadwayworld.com/article/BWW-Exclusive-Stephen-Sondheim-Drops-Hit-About-New-Musical-with-David-Ives-20120229">"BWW Exclusive: Stephen Sondheim Drops Hint About New Musical with David Ives!"</a>. BroadwayWorld.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021090646/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/BWW-Exclusive-Stephen-Sondheim-Drops-Hit-About-New-Musical-with-David-Ives-20120229">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BroadwayWorld.com&rft.atitle=BWW+Exclusive%3A+Stephen+Sondheim+Drops+Hint+About+New+Musical+with+David+Ives%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbroadwayworld.com%2Farticle%2FBWW-Exclusive-Stephen-Sondheim-Drops-Hit-About-New-Musical-with-David-Ives-20120229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Jones, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/160206-Stephen-Sondheim-Collaborating-With-David-Ives-on-New-Musical">"Stephen Sondheim Collaborating With David Ives on New Musical"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140726015515/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/160206-Stephen-Sondheim-Collaborating-With-David-Ives-on-New-Musical">Archived</a> July 26, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Playbill.com, February 29, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://broadwayworld.com/article/Stephen-Sondheim-Reveals-New-Details-on-David-Ives-Collaboration-ALL-TOGETHER-NOW-20120305">"Stephen Sondheim Reveals New Details on David Ives Collaboration"</a>. 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Retrieved September 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BroadwayWorld.com&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim+Reveals+New+Details+on+David+Ives+Collaboration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbroadwayworld.com%2Farticle%2FStephen-Sondheim-Reveals-New-Details-on-David-Ives-Collaboration-ALL-TOGETHER-NOW-20120305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich2023" class="citation web cs1">Rich, Frank (August 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/article/stephen-sondheim-here-we-are-musical.html">"The Final Sondheim"</a>. Vulture. Retrieved August 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vulture&rft.atitle=The+Final+Sondheim&rft.date=2023-08-28&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2Farticle%2Fstephen-sondheim-here-we-are-musical.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> Robert Gordon – 2014 The Oxford Handbook of Sondheim Studies – Page 294 019990927X "Omitted from this survey are the song "Water under the Bridge" composed for the film Singing out Loud, which was never produced." </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sondheimguide.com/unproduced.html#Singing">"'Singing Out Loud' listing"</a>. Sondheimguide.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714191540/http://www.sondheimguide.com/unproduced.html#Singing">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Singing+Out+Loud%27+listing&rft.pub=Sondheimguide.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sondheimguide.com%2Funproduced.html%23Singing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/sondheim-talks-about-bounce-revisions-in-works-114941">"Sondheim Talks About Bounce; Revisions in Works"</a>. Playbill. August 26, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170425153623/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/sondheim-talks-about-bounce-revisions-in-works-114941">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Sondheim+Talks+About+Bounce%3B+Revisions+in+Works&rft.date=2003-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fsondheim-talks-about-bounce-revisions-in-works-114941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080510183510/http://www.roundaboutchat.com/chat/chat_transcript.html">"Roundabout Live Chat"</a>. Roundabout Theatre. May 5, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roundaboutchat.com/chat/chat_transcript.html">the original</a> on May 10, 2008. Retrieved May 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roundabout+Live+Chat&rft.pub=Roundabout+Theatre&rft.date=2008-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roundaboutchat.com%2Fchat%2Fchat_transcript.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timminchin.com/2014/01/12/groundhog-day-a-new-stage-musical-by-us/">"Tim Minchin · Groundhog Day: A new stage musical by us"</a>. Tim Minchin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917074431/http://www.timminchin.com/2014/01/12/groundhog-day-a-new-stage-musical-by-us/">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2017. Retrieved May 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tim+Minchin&rft.atitle=Tim+Minchin+%C2%B7+Groundhog+Day%3A+A+new+stage+musical+by+us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timminchin.com%2F2014%2F01%2F12%2Fgroundhog-day-a-new-stage-musical-by-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcriterioncollection2021" class="citation web cs1">criterioncollection (June 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQfYMeRjR1g&t=7s">"Nathan Lane's Closet Picks"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/iQfYMeRjR1g">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nathan+Lane%27s+Closet+Picks&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft.au=criterioncollection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DiQfYMeRjR1g%26t%3D7s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBianculli2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Bianculli" title="David Bianculli">Bianculli, David</a> (October 26, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130811886">"'Primrose': 44 Years Later, Still Sharp As Thumbtacks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. 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Retrieved September 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27The+Frogs%27%2C+1974+Yale+University+Production&rft.pub=Sondheimguide.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sondheimguide.com%2Ffrogs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinley2003" class="citation news cs1">McKinley, Jesse (November 19, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/19/theater/confirmed-no-bounce-to-broadway-this-season.html">"Confirmed: No 'Bounce' To Broadway This Season"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171226104440/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/19/theater/confirmed-no-bounce-to-broadway-this-season.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Confirmed%3A+No+%27Bounce%27+To+Broadway+This+Season&rft.date=2003-11-19&rft.aulast=McKinley&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F11%2F19%2Ftheater%2Fconfirmed-no-bounce-to-broadway-this-season.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#the-arts">"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"</a>. achievement.org. <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608012051/https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#the-arts">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=achievement.org&rft.atitle=Golden+Plate+Awardees+of+the+American+Academy+of+Achievement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachievement.org%2Four-history%2Fgolden-plate-awards%2F%23the-arts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achievement.org/summit/">"Summit Overview Photo"</a>. 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905051833/https://achievement.org/summit/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2020. <q>Composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim receives the Academy's Gold Medal from Awards Council member James Earl Jones at the 2005 International Achievement Summit during a Broadway symposium in New York City.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Summit+Overview+Photo&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachievement.org%2Fsummit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sondheimguide.com/television.html#Part%20Three">"Television and Radio listings"</a>. Sondheimguide.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150206005318/http://sondheimguide.com/television.html#Part%20Three">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Television+and+Radio+listings&rft.pub=Sondheimguide.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sondheimguide.com%2Ftelevision.html%23Part%2520Three&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12644755">"Stephen Sondheim to receive special Olivier Award"</a>. BBC News. March 4, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016040946/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12644755">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim+to+receive+special+Olivier+Award&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-12644755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> Bennett, Ray.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/olivier-awards-2011-legally-blonde-167171">Olivier Awards 2011: 'Legally Blonde,' Stephen Sondheim Dominate"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401105604/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/olivier-awards-2011-legally-blonde-167171">Archived</a> April 1, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> HollywoodReporter.com, March 13, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> Gans, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/160551-Stephen-Sondheim-Receives-UK-Critics-Circle-2011-Award-for-Distinguished-Services-to-the-Arts">Stephen Sondheim Receives UK Critics' Circle 2011 Award for Distinguished Services to the Arts"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130906031259/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/160551-Stephen-Sondheim-Receives-UK-Critics-Circle-2011-Award-for-Distinguished-Services-to-the-Arts">Archived</a> September 6, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Playbill.com, March 9, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150118013544/http://www.theaterhalloffame.org/members.html#S">"Theater Hall of Fame members"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaterhalloffame.org/members.html#S">the original</a> on January 18, 2015. Retrieved February 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theater+Hall+of+Fame+members&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaterhalloffame.org%2Fmembers.html%23S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macdowell.org/medal-day-history">"Macdowell Medalists"</a>. Retrieved August 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macdowell+Medalists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macdowell.org%2Fmedal-day-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> Ledbetter, Lucie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatermania.com/washington-dc-theater/news/2015-presidential-medals-of-freedom-recipients_75005.html">"Stephen Sondheim, Barbra Streisand, and More to Receive Presidential Medal of Freedom"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125225524/http://www.theatermania.com/washington-dc-theater/news/2015-presidential-medals-of-freedom-recipients_75005.html">Archived</a> November 25, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> theatermania.com, November 17, 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2014/11/10/president-obama-announces-presidential-medal-freedom-recipients">"President Obama Announces the Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients"</a>. <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. November 10, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170121131137/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2014/11/10/president-obama-announces-presidential-medal-freedom-recipients">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2014 – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Obama+Announces+the+Presidential+Medal+of+Freedom+Recipients&rft.pub=White+House&rft.date=2014-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fblog%2F2014%2F11%2F10%2Fpresident-obama-announces-presidential-medal-freedom-recipients&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> Phil Helsel – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aol.com/article/2015/11/24/obama-honoring-spielberg-streisand-and-more-with-medal-of-freed/21272337/?icid=maing-grid7%7Chtmlws-sb-bb%7Cdl3%7Csec1_lnk3%26pLid%3D-40526639">"Obama honoring Spielberg, Streisand and more with medal of freedom"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125221354/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/11/24/obama-honoring-spielberg-streisand-and-more-with-medal-of-freed/21272337/?icid=maing-grid7%7Chtmlws-sb-bb%7Cdl3%7Csec1_lnk3%26pLid%3D-40526639">Archived</a> November 25, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, NBC News, November 24, 2015. Retrieved November 25, 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104205112/http://www.youngplaywrights.org/">"Young Playwrights site"</a>. Youngplaywrights.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youngplaywrights.org/">the original</a> on November 4, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Young+Playwrights+site&rft.pub=Youngplaywrights.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youngplaywrights.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> Jones, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/108442.html">"Near Cornfields Worthy of Hammerstein, a Theatre Named for Sondheim Rises in Midwest"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229090356/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/108442.html">Archived</a> December 29, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Playbill.com, May 31, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> Hetrick, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/113277.html">"Original Cast Members Fete Sondheim at New Midwest Arts Center Dec. 7–9"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229092415/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/113277.html">Archived</a> December 29, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Playbill.com, December 4, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/7d786c9a-2979-39be-806d-79b751993ea8#:~:text=The%20Stephen%20Sondheim%20Society%20was,musical%20theatre%2C%20including%20Sondheim%20himself.">"Stephen Sondheim Society Archive – Archives Hub"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephen+Sondheim+Society+Archive+%E2%80%93+Archives+Hub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchiveshub.jisc.ac.uk%2Fsearch%2Farchives%2F7d786c9a-2979-39be-806d-79b751993ea8%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Stephen%2520Sondheim%2520Society%2520was%2Cmusical%2520theatre%252C%2520including%2520Sondheim%2520himself.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londontheatre1.com/theatre-news/the-stephen-sondheim-society-student-performer-of-the-year-2/">"The Stephen Sondheim Society Student Performer of the Year"</a>. June 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Stephen+Sondheim+Society+Student+Performer+of+the+Year&rft.date=2019-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.londontheatre1.com%2Ftheatre-news%2Fthe-stephen-sondheim-society-student-performer-of-the-year-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theatreweekly.com/final-judges-and-guest-performers-announced-for-the-2019-west-end-gala-of-the-stephen-sondheim-society-student-performer-of-the-year-and-stiles-drewe-prize/">"Final Judges And Guest Performers Announced For The 2019 West End Gala Of The Stephen Sondheim Society Student Performer Of The Year And Stiles + Drewe Prize"</a>. May 31, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Judges+And+Guest+Performers+Announced+For+The+2019+West+End+Gala+Of+The+Stephen+Sondheim+Society+Student+Performer+Of+The+Year+And+Stiles+%2B+Drewe+Prize&rft.date=2019-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheatreweekly.com%2Ffinal-judges-and-guest-performers-announced-for-the-2019-west-end-gala-of-the-stephen-sondheim-society-student-performer-of-the-year-and-stiles-drewe-prize%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> Hetrick, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/121283.html">"Tomlin to Join Fifth Season of 'Desperate Housewives'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229090406/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/121283.html">Archived</a> December 29, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Playbill.com, September 12, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0410975/episodes">"Episode list, "Desperate Housewives""</a>. IMDb. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140719062307/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0410975/episodes">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Episode+list%2C+%22Desperate+Housewives%22&rft.pub=IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0410975%2Fepisodes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> Widdicombe, Ben. Gossip, Daily News (New York), March 23, 2005, p. 22; "Desperate Housewives" writer Marc Cherry, who congratulated Sondheim in a filmed statement, admitted the composer was such an inspiration that each episode of his blockbuster show is named after a Sondheim song." </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> Chang, Justin. Variety, "Sondheim, Streisand infuse Wisteria Lane", December 20–26, 2004, p. 8; "Broadway-literate fans may have noticed the skein's first three post-pilot episodes ... are all named after classic Stephen Sondheim showtunes ..." </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> Sperling, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/s21/desperate-housewives/news/a377387/desperate-housewives-final-episode-title-revealed.html">"'Desperate Housewives' final episode title revealed"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120427083034/http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/s21/desperate-housewives/news/a377387/desperate-housewives-final-episode-title-revealed.html">Archived</a> April 27, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> digitalspy.com, April 19, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1989-08-10-8901030668-story.html">"Sondheim Will Teach at Oxford"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. August 10, 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190702224851/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1989-08-10-8901030668-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Sondheim+Will+Teach+at+Oxford&rft.date=1989-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1989-08-10-8901030668-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurymusicals.com/">"Welcome to MMD"</a>. Mercury Musical Developments.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mercury+Musical+Developments&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+MMD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurymusicals.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> Jones, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/122069.html">"Signature Creates Sondheim Award, to Be Presented at April 2009 Gala"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229092728/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/122069.html">Archived</a> December 29, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Playbill.com, October 6, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> Horwitz, Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/07/AR2008100702732.html">"Backstage" column</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170322203325/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/07/AR2008100702732.html">Archived</a> March 22, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Washington Post, October 8, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> Jones, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120909060339/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/128598-Peters_and_Cerveris_Celebrate_Sondheim_at_DC_Sondheim_Award_Gala_April_27">Peters and Cerveris Celebrate Sondheim at DC Sondheim Award Gala April 27"</a>. Playbill, April 27, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> Jones, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/138636-Garber-Mazzie-Danieley-and-More-Celebrate-Lansbury-in-DC-Gala-April-12">"Garber, Mazzie, Danieley and More Celebrate Lansbury in DC Gala April 12"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140317225737/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/138636-Garber-Mazzie-Danieley-and-More-Celebrate-Lansbury-in-DC-Gala-April-12">Archived</a> March 17, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Playbill.com, April 12, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> Jones, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/149660-Bernadette-Peters-Gets-Sondheim-Award-April-11-Stephen-Buntrock-Rebecca-Luker-Euan-Morton-Sing">"Bernadette Peters Gets Sondheim Award April 11; Stephen Buntrock, Rebecca Luker, Euan Morton Sing"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408213559/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/149660-Bernadette-Peters-Gets-Sondheim-Award-April-11-Stephen-Buntrock-Rebecca-Luker-Euan-Morton-Sing">Archived</a> April 8, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Playbill.com, April 11, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> Jones, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/164887-Laura-Benanti-Howard-McGillin-and-More-Sing-the-Praises-of-Patti-LuPone-in-DC-Sondheim-Award-Gala-April-16">"Laura Benanti, Howard McGillin and More Sing the Praises of Patti LuPone in DC Sondheim Award Gala April 16"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408211610/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/164887-Laura-Benanti-Howard-McGillin-and-More-Sing-the-Praises-of-Patti-LuPone-in-DC-Sondheim-Award-Gala-April-16">Archived</a> April 8, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Playbill.com, April 16, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> Purcell, Carey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/189672-Signatures-Sondheim-Award-Gala-Featuring-Ron-Raines-Heidi-Blickenstaff-and-Pamela-Myers-Honors-Jonathan-Tunick-April-7">"Signature's Sondheim Award Gala, Featuring Ron Raines, Heidi Blickenstaff and Pamela Myers, Honors Jonathan Tunick April 7"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140412112111/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/189672-Signatures-Sondheim-Award-Gala-Featuring-Ron-Raines-Heidi-Blickenstaff-and-Pamela-Myers-Honors-Jonathan-Tunick-April-7">Archived</a> April 12, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> playbill.com, April 7, 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadwayworld.com/washington-dc/article/James-Lapine-to-Receive-Signature-Theatres-2015-Stephen-Sondheim-Award-20141119">"James Lapine to Receive Signature Theatre's 2015 Stephen Sondheim Award"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170323053758/http://www.broadwayworld.com/washington-dc/article/James-Lapine-to-Receive-Signature-Theatres-2015-Stephen-Sondheim-Award-20141119">Archived</a> March 23, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> broadwayworld.com, November 19, 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> Ritzel, Rebecca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/theater_dance/a-two-time-tony-award-winner-headlines-signature-theatres-annual-gala/2016/04/07/b2204a18-fb5b-11e5-813a-90ab563f0dde_story.html">"A two-time Tony Award winner headlines Signature Theatre's annual gala"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170413071047/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/theater_dance/a-two-time-tony-award-winner-headlines-signature-theatres-annual-gala/2016/04/07/b2204a18-fb5b-11e5-813a-90ab563f0dde_story.html">Archived</a> April 13, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Washington Post, April 8, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> McBride, Walter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Photo-Coverage-Signature-Theatre-Honors-Cameron-Mackintosh-with-Stephen-Sondheim-Award-20170321">"Photo Coverage: Signature Theatre Honors Cameron Mackintosh with Stephen Sondheim Award"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170323052425/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Photo-Coverage-Signature-Theatre-Honors-Cameron-Mackintosh-with-Stephen-Sondheim-Award-20170321">Archived</a> March 23, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> broadwayworld.com, March 21, 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"It might not sing, but it's right and just". The Sondheim Review. XVII (3). Sondheim Review, Inc.: 4 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1076-450X">1076-450X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sondheim+Review&rft.atitle=It+might+not+sing%2C+but+it%27s+right+and+just&rft.volume=XVII&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1076-450X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_Mick2010" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Mick (September 27, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/8022755/Still-cutting-it-at-80-Stephen-Sondheim-interview.html">"Still cutting it at 80: Stephen Sondheim interview"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180422011134/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/8022755/Still-cutting-it-at-80-Stephen-Sondheim-interview.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Still+cutting+it+at+80%3A+Stephen+Sondheim+interview&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft.au=Brown%2C+Mick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2F8022755%2FStill-cutting-it-at-80-Stephen-Sondheim-interview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141017142037/http://sondheimreview.com/index.html">"The Sondheim Review"</a>. Sondheimreview.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sondheimreview.com/index.html">the original</a> on October 17, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sondheim+Review&rft.pub=Sondheimreview.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sondheimreview.com%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indiewire-215">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Indiewire_215-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indiewire_215-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDry2019" class="citation web cs1">Dry, Jude (November 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiewire.com/2019/11/stephen-sondheim-movies-joker-marriage-story-knives-out-1202188339/">"Sondheim Is All Over the Movies This Year, but 'Joker' and 'Marriage Story' Don't Do Him Justice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IndieWire" title="IndieWire">IndieWire</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200715142657/https://www.indiewire.com/2019/11/stephen-sondheim-movies-joker-marriage-story-knives-out-1202188339/">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndieWire&rft.atitle=Sondheim+Is+All+Over+the+Movies+This+Year%2C+but+%27Joker%27+and+%27Marriage+Story%27+Don%27t+Do+Him+Justice&rft.date=2019-11-09&rft.aulast=Dry&rft.aufirst=Jude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiewire.com%2F2019%2F11%2Fstephen-sondheim-movies-joker-marriage-story-knives-out-1202188339%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2019/12/8902157/what-does-adam-driver-sing-in-marriage-story-being-alive">"If Adam Driver's Song In Marriage Story Destroyed You, Read This"</a>. Refinery29.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515041509/https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2019/12/8902157/what-does-adam-driver-sing-in-marriage-story-being-alive">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Refinery29.com&rft.atitle=If+Adam+Driver%27s+Song+In+Marriage+Story+Destroyed+You%2C+Read+This&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refinery29.com%2Fen-us%2F2019%2F12%2F8902157%2Fwhat-does-adam-driver-sing-in-marriage-story-being-alive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2019/11/the-morning-show-sweeney-todd-karaoke.html">"The Morning Show Did a Surprise Jennifer Aniston–Billy Crudup Sweeney Todd Duet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vulture_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulture (magazine)">Vulture</a>. November 15, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810121606/https://www.vulture.com/2019/11/the-morning-show-sweeney-todd-karaoke.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vulture&rft.atitle=The+Morning+Show+Did+a+Surprise+Jennifer+Aniston%E2%80%93Billy+Crudup+Sweeney+Todd+Duet&rft.date=2019-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2019%2F11%2Fthe-morning-show-sweeney-todd-karaoke.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> Gans, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/135797-Benanti-Gleason-Pierce-Stritch-Walton-Zien-Join-Philharmonic-Sondheim-Celebration">"Benanti, Gleason, Pierce, Stritch, Walton, Zien Join Philharmonic Sondheim Celebration"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130826222935/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/135797-Benanti-Gleason-Pierce-Stritch-Walton-Zien-Join-Philharmonic-Sondheim-Celebration">Archived</a> August 26, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Playbill.com, January 8, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> Ross, Blake. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/insidetrack/?p=1849#more-1849">"About Last Night: The Stars on Sondheim"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016040947/http://www.playbill.com/insidetrack/?p=1849#more-1849">Archived</a> October 16, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Playbill, March 16, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> Hetrick, Adam.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/145244-Starry-Sondheim-The-Birthday-Concert-Airs-on-Great-Performances-Nov-24">"Starry Sondheim: The Birthday Concert Airs on "Great Performances" Nov. 24"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130826222131/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/145244-Starry-Sondheim-The-Birthday-Concert-Airs-on-Great-Performances-Nov-24">Archived</a> August 26, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Playbill, November 24, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> Jones, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/138013-Everybody-Rise-Roundabouts-Sondheim-80-Celebrates-a-Masters-Milestone">"Everybody Rise! Roundabout's Sondheim 80 Celebrates a Master's Milestone"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140726015628/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/138013-Everybody-Rise-Roundabouts-Sondheim-80-Celebrates-a-Masters-Milestone">Archived</a> July 26, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Playbill.com, March 22, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> Ross, Blake.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/insidetrack/2010/03/about-last-night-inside-sondheim%e2%80%99s-birthday/">"About Last Night: Inside Sondheim's Birthday"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101174727/http://www.playbill.com/insidetrack/2010/03/about-last-night-inside-sondheim%E2%80%99s-birthday/">Archived</a> January 1, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Playbill.com. Retrieved March 23, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> Hetrick, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120909185212/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/138991-">"Lansbury, Zeta-Jones, Lane, Cariou, Gleason, Zien Sing Sondheim at City Center April 26"</a>. Playbill, April 26, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> Gardner, Elysa.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/life/theater/news/2010-04-27-sondheimat8027_ST_N.htm">"Broadway stars salute Stephen Sondheim"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110129005510/http://www.usatoday.com/life/theater/news/2010-04-27-sondheimat8027_ST_N.htm">Archived</a> January 29, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>USA Today, April 27, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/proms/2010/whatson/notes/prom19/">"BBC Proms Programme"</a>. BBC Proms. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100804233932/http://www.bbc.co.uk/proms/2010/whatson/notes/prom19/">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Proms&rft.atitle=BBC+Proms+Programme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fproms%2F2010%2Fwhatson%2Fnotes%2Fprom19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/STAGE_TUBE_Judi_Dench_Sings_Send_in_the_Clowns_for_Sondheims_80th_20100731">"Judi Dench Sings 'Send in the Clowns' for Sondheim's 80th"</a>. BroadwayWorld.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621050134/http://broadwayworld.com/article/STAGE_TUBE_Judi_Dench_Sings_Send_in_the_Clowns_for_Sondheims_80th_20100731">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BroadwayWorld.com&rft.atitle=Judi+Dench+Sings+%27Send+in+the+Clowns%27+for+Sondheim%27s+80th&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayworld.com%2Farticle%2FSTAGE_TUBE_Judi_Dench_Sings_Send_in_the_Clowns_for_Sondheims_80th_20100731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> Rafter Keddy, Genevieve.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://broadwayworld.com/article/Photo_Coverage_The_New_York_Pops_Celebrate_Stephen_Sondheims_80th_Birthday_20101121">"Photo Coverage: The New York Pops Celebrate Stephen Sondheim's 80th Birthday"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101124154804/http://broadwayworld.com/article/Photo_Coverage_The_New_York_Pops_Celebrate_Stephen_Sondheims_80th_Birthday_20101121">Archived</a> November 24, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> broadwayworld.com, November 21, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> Jones, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/playblog/2010/11/sondheim-at-carnegie-hall/">"Sondheim at Carnegie Hall"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111227135902/http://www.playbill.com/playblog/2010/11/sondheim-at-carnegie-hall/">Archived</a> December 27, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> playbill.com, November 21, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/13/theater/stephen-sondheim-songs.html">"What Are the Stephen Sondheim Songs Close to Your Heart"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. March 13, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200319181504/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/13/theater/stephen-sondheim-songs.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Are+the+Stephen+Sondheim+Songs+Close+to+Your+Heart&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F03%2F13%2Ftheater%2Fstephen-sondheim-songs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFierberg2020" class="citation web cs1">Fierberg, Ruthie (March 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/article/watch-this-epic-video-of-broadway-stars-singing-birthday-wishes-and-sondheim-tunes-to-wish-stephen-sondheim-a-happy-birthday">"Watch This Epic Video of Broadway Stars Singing Birthday Wishes and Sondheim Tunes to Wish Stephen Sondheim a 'Happy Birthday'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a>.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200330155552/https://www.playbill.com/article/watch-this-epic-video-of-broadway-stars-singing-birthday-wishes-and-sondheim-tunes-to-wish-stephen-sondheim-a-happy-birthday">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill.com&rft.atitle=Watch+This+Epic+Video+of+Broadway+Stars+Singing+Birthday+Wishes+and+Sondheim+Tunes+to+Wish+Stephen+Sondheim+a+%27Happy+Birthday%27&rft.date=2020-03-22&rft.aulast=Fierberg&rft.aufirst=Ruthie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Farticle%2Fwatch-this-epic-video-of-broadway-stars-singing-birthday-wishes-and-sondheim-tunes-to-wish-stephen-sondheim-a-happy-birthday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadway.com/buzz/199153/more-stars-take-me-to-the-world-a-sondheim-90th-birthday-celebration-just-got-even-bigger/">"More Stars! Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration Just Got Even Bigger"</a>. Broadway.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200426164206/https://www.broadway.com/buzz/199153/more-stars-take-me-to-the-world-a-sondheim-90th-birthday-celebration-just-got-even-bigger/">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Broadway.com&rft.atitle=More+Stars%21+Take+Me+to+the+World%3A+A+Sondheim+90th+Birthday+Celebration+Just+Got+Even+Bigger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadway.com%2Fbuzz%2F199153%2Fmore-stars-take-me-to-the-world-a-sondheim-90th-birthday-celebration-just-got-even-bigger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiewire.com/2020/07/take-me-to-the-world-sondheim-concert-1234572699/">"How 'Take Me to the World' Became One of the Best Sondheim Concerts Ever"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IndieWire" title="IndieWire">IndieWire</a>. July 13, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201222033426/https://www.indiewire.com/2020/07/take-me-to-the-world-sondheim-concert-1234572699/">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndieWire&rft.atitle=How+%27Take+Me+to+the+World%27+Became+One+of+the+Best+Sondheim+Concerts+Ever&rft.date=2020-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiewire.com%2F2020%2F07%2Ftake-me-to-the-world-sondheim-concert-1234572699%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/take-me-world-a-sondheim-90th-birthday-celebration-watch-live-1291510">"Watch Live: Meryl Streep, Patti LuPone and More Stars Pay Tribute to Stephen Sondheim"</a>. The Hollywood Reporter. April 26, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200527175002/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/take-me-world-a-sondheim-90th-birthday-celebration-watch-live-1291510">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Watch+Live%3A+Meryl+Streep%2C+Patti+LuPone+and+More+Stars+Pay+Tribute+to+Stephen+Sondheim&rft.date=2020-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Ftake-me-world-a-sondheim-90th-birthday-celebration-watch-live-1291510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTfinalinterview-234"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTfinalinterview_234-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/26/theater/stephen-sondheim-final-interview.html">"Days Before Dying, Stephen Sondheim Reflected: 'I've Been Lucky'"</a>. The New York Times. November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Days+Before+Dying%2C+Stephen+Sondheim+Reflected%3A+%27I%27ve+Been+Lucky%27&rft.date=2021-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F26%2Ftheater%2Fstephen-sondheim-final-interview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGans2023" class="citation news cs1">Gans, Andrew (February 13, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://playbill.com/article/bernadette-peters-and-lea-salonga-will-star-in-limited-west-end-run-of-stephen-sondheims-old-friends">"Bernadette Peters and Lea Salonga Will Star in Limited West End Run of Stephen Sondheim's Old Friends"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a>. Retrieved February 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Bernadette+Peters+and+Lea+Salonga+Will+Star+in+Limited+West+End+Run+of+Stephen+Sondheim%27s+Old+Friends&rft.date=2023-02-13&rft.aulast=Gans&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplaybill.com%2Farticle%2Fbernadette-peters-and-lea-salonga-will-star-in-limited-west-end-run-of-stephen-sondheims-old-friends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> Horowitz, Mark Eden, Sondheim on Music, New York: Scarecrow Press, 2003, p. 117, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4437-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4437-7">978-0-8108-4437-7</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-4437-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-4437-0">0-8108-4437-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTommasini2021" class="citation news cs1">Tommasini, Anthony (November 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/28/arts/music/stephen-sondheim-music.html">"Stephen Sondheim, as Great a Composer as He Was a Lyricist"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/28/arts/music/stephen-sondheim-music.html">the original</a> on December 28, 2021. Retrieved November 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim%2C+as+Great+a+Composer+as+He+Was+a+Lyricist&rft.date=2021-11-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Tommasini&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F28%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fstephen-sondheim-music.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bach-238"><a href="#cite_ref-Bach_238-0">^</a> interview on Sunday Arts, ABC (Australia) TV August 5, 2007 An Audience With Stephen Sondheim<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/tv/sundayarts/txt/s1994677.htm">2007 ABC Australia TV interview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403003233/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/sundayarts/txt/s1994677.htm">Archived</a> April 3, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> downloadable <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/tv/sundayarts/video/">("Episode 26")</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070716225707/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/sundayarts/video/">Archived</a> July 16, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrontain2015" class="citation web cs1">Frontain, Raymond-Jean (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glbtqarchive.com/arts/sondheim_s_A.pdf">"Sondheim, Stephen (b. 1930)"</a> (PDF). GLBTQ: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lebian, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Culture. p. 1. Retrieved November 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GLBTQ%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Gay%2C+Lebian%2C+Bisexual%2C+Transgender+and+Queer+Culture&rft.atitle=Sondheim%2C+Stephen+%28b.+1930%29&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Frontain&rft.aufirst=Raymond-Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glbtqarchive.com%2Farts%2Fsondheim_s_A.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prono2008-240"><a href="#cite_ref-Prono2008_240-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y3FYzMPH2OwC&pg=PT252">Encyclopedia of Gay and Lesbian Popular Culture</a>. ABC-CLIO. 2008. p. 239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33599-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33599-0"><bdi>978-0-313-33599-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Gay+and+Lesbian+Popular+Culture&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33599-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY3FYzMPH2OwC%26pg%3DPT252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaiser2007-241"><a href="#cite_ref-Kaiser2007_241-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaiser2007" class="citation book cs1">Kaiser, Charles (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HO7IKU79zgAC&pg=PA93">The Gay Metropolis: The Landmark History of Gay Life in America</a>. 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Retrieved December 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RogerEbert.com&rft.atitle=Being+Alive%3A+Stephen+Sondheim%2C+1930%E2%80%932021&rft.date=2021-11-28&rft.aulast=Seitz&rft.aufirst=Matt+Zoller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Fmzs%2Fbeing-alive-stephen-sondheim-1930-1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lawson2021-244">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lawson2021_244-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawson2021_244-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawson2021_244-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawson2021" class="citation news cs1">Lawson, Mark (November 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126234529/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2021/nov/26/stephen-sondheim-a-daring-and-dazzling-musical-theatre-icon">"Stephen Sondheim: a daring and dazzling musical theatre icon"</a>. The Guardian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2021/nov/26/stephen-sondheim-a-daring-and-dazzling-musical-theatre-icon">the original</a> on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim%3A+a+daring+and+dazzling+musical+theatre+icon&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2021%2Fnov%2F26%2Fstephen-sondheim-a-daring-and-dazzling-musical-theatre-icon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StillCutting1-245"><a href="#cite_ref-StillCutting1_245-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2010" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Mick (September 27, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/8022755/Still-cutting-it-at-80-Stephen-Sondheim-interview.html">"Still cutting it at 80: Stephen Sondheim interview"</a>. The Telegraph (UK). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180422011134/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/8022755/Still-cutting-it-at-80-Stephen-Sondheim-interview.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2013. <q>Sondheim has spoken in the past of feeling like an outsider – 'somebody who people want to both kiss and kill' – from quite early on in his life. He spent some 25 years – from his thirties through his fifties – in analysis, did not come out as gay until he was about 40, and did not live with a partner, a dramatist named Peter Jones, until he was 61. They separated in 1999.  ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph+%28UK%29&rft.atitle=Still+cutting+it+at+80%3A+Stephen+Sondheim+interview&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Mick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2F8022755%2FStill-cutting-it-at-80-Stephen-Sondheim-interview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper2021-246"><a href="#cite_ref-Cooper2021_246-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2021" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Alex (November 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/2021/11/26/stephen-sondheim-musical-theater-legend-dead-91">"Stephen Sondheim, Musical Theater Legend, Dead at 91"</a>. The Advocate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211127050157/https://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/2021/11/26/stephen-sondheim-musical-theater-legend-dead-91">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Advocate&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim%2C+Musical+Theater+Legend%2C+Dead+at+91&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.advocate.com%2Farts-entertainment%2F2021%2F11%2F26%2Fstephen-sondheim-musical-theater-legend-dead-91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schanke2005-247"><a href="#cite_ref-Schanke2005_247-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchanke2005" class="citation book cs1">Schanke, Robert A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zeaFlyP8-CwC&pg=PP362">The Gay & Lesbian Theatrical Legacy: A Biographical Dictionary of Major Figures in American Stage History in the Pre-Stonewall Era</a>. University of Michigan Press. pp. 362–363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-09858-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-09858-3"><bdi>978-0-472-09858-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gay+%26+Lesbian+Theatrical+Legacy%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary+of+Major+Figures+in+American+Stage+History+in+the+Pre-Stonewall+Era&rft.pages=362-363&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-472-09858-3&rft.aulast=Schanke&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzeaFlyP8-CwC%26pg%3DPP362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sondheim2010-248"><a href="#cite_ref-Sondheim2010_248-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSondheim2010" class="citation book cs1">Sondheim, Stephen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NSSdczSC13gC&pg=PR4">Finishing the Hat: Collected Lyrics (1954–1981) with Attendant Comments, Principles, Heresies, Grudges, Whines and Anecdotes</a>. Knopf. p. iv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-43907-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-43907-3"><bdi>978-0-679-43907-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finishing+the+Hat%3A+Collected+Lyrics+%281954%E2%80%931981%29+with+Attendant+Comments%2C+Principles%2C+Heresies%2C+Grudges%2C+Whines+and+Anecdotes&rft.pages=iv&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-679-43907-3&rft.aulast=Sondheim&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNSSdczSC13gC%26pg%3DPR4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sondheim2011-249"><a href="#cite_ref-Sondheim2011_249-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSondheim2011" class="citation book cs1">Sondheim, Stephen (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dBSr1MLX3hkC&pg=PR3">Look, I Made a Hat: Collected Lyrics (1981–2011), With Attendant Comments, Amplifications, Dogmas, Harangues, Digressions, Anecdotes and Miscellany</a>. Alfred A. Knopf. p. iii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-59341-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-59341-2"><bdi>978-0-307-59341-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Look%2C+I+Made+a+Hat%3A+Collected+Lyrics+%281981%E2%80%932011%29%2C+With+Attendant+Comments%2C+Amplifications%2C+Dogmas%2C+Harangues%2C+Digressions%2C+Anecdotes+and+Miscellany&rft.pages=iii&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-307-59341-2&rft.aulast=Sondheim&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdBSr1MLX3hkC%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seitz2013-250"><a href="#cite_ref-Seitz2013_250-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeitz2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Zoller_Seitz" title="Matt Zoller Seitz">Seitz, Matt Zoller</a> (December 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131211192053/http://www.vulture.com/2013/12/tv-review-six-by-sondheim-hbo.html">"Seitz: Six by Sondheim Is One of the Best Films About the Artistic Process I've Seen"</a>. Vulture. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2013/12/tv-review-six-by-sondheim-hbo.html">the original</a> on December 11, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vulture&rft.atitle=Seitz%3A+Six+by+Sondheim+Is+One+of+the+Best+Films+About+the+Artistic+Process+I%27ve+Seen&rft.date=2013-12-09&rft.aulast=Seitz&rft.aufirst=Matt+Zoller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2013%2F12%2Ftv-review-six-by-sondheim-hbo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSams2021" class="citation interview cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Sams" title="Jeremy Sams">Sams, Jeremy</a> (December 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/musicshow/jeremy-sams-sondheim-ria-andriani-braille/13659104">"Jeremy Sams remembers Stephen Sondheim, and Braille music with Ria Andriani"</a>. The Music Show (Interview). Interviewed by Ford, Andrew. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_National" title="Radio National">Radio National</a>. 42:22. Retrieved December 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Music+Show&rft.atitle=Jeremy+Sams+remembers+Stephen+Sondheim%2C+and+Braille+music+with+Ria+Andriani&rft.pages=42%3A22&rft.date=2021-12-04&rft.aulast=Sams&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fradionational%2Fprograms%2Fmusicshow%2Fjeremy-sams-sondheim-ria-andriani-braille%2F13659104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-59447170">"Stephen Sondheim: London's West End to dim lights for theatre icon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. November 27, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim%3A+London%27s+West+End+to+dim+lights+for+theatre+icon&rft.date=2021-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-london-59447170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaulson2021" class="citation news cs1">Paulson, Michael (December 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/08/theater/stephen-sondheim-music-shows.html">"A Sondheim Surge: Interest in His Work Soars After His Death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved December 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Sondheim+Surge%3A+Interest+in+His+Work+Soars+After+His+Death&rft.date=2021-12-08&rft.aulast=Paulson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F12%2F08%2Ftheater%2Fstephen-sondheim-music-shows.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT2022estate-254"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT2022estate_254-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaulson2022" class="citation news cs1">Paulson, Michael (January 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/24/theater/stephen-sondheim-will-estate-trust.html">"Stephen Sondheim Leaves Rights to His Works to a Trust"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124204219/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/24/theater/stephen-sondheim-will-estate-trust.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim+Leaves+Rights+to+His+Works+to+a+Trust&rft.date=2022-01-24&rft.aulast=Paulson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F01%2F24%2Ftheater%2Fstephen-sondheim-will-estate-trust.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottfried1993" class="citation book cs1">Gottfried, Martin (1993). Sondheim. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-3844-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-3844-8"><bdi>0-8109-3844-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sondheim&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Harry+N.+Abrams%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-8109-3844-8&rft.aulast=Gottfried&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSecrest1998" class="citation book cs1">Secrest, Meryle (1998). Stephen Sondheim: A Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-44817-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-44817-9"><bdi>0-679-44817-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stephen+Sondheim%3A+A+Life&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-679-44817-9&rft.aulast=Secrest&rft.aufirst=Meryle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZadan1986" class="citation book cs1">Zadan, Craig (1986). Sondheim & Co (2 ed.). New York: Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-015649-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-015649-X"><bdi>0-06-015649-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sondheim+%26+Co&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-06-015649-X&rft.aulast=Zadan&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Guernsey, Otis L. (Editor). Broadway Song and Story: Playwrights/Lyricists/Composers Discuss Their Hits (1986), Dodd Mead, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-396-08753-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-396-08753-1">0-396-08753-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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title="commons:Category:Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sondheim.org">The Stephen Sondheim Society</a> Web site of The Stephen Sondheim Society</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/wiarchives.uw-whs-us0066an">Stephen Sondheim Papers</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Center_for_Film_and_Theater_Research" title="Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research">Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playbill.com/person/stephen-sondheim-vault-0000007373">Stephen Sondheim</a> at <a href="/wiki/Playbill#Other_media" title="Playbill">Playbill Vault</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/12430">Stephen Sondheim</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobdb.com/CreditableEntity/2008">Stephen Sondheim</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Off-Broadway_Database" title="Internet Off-Broadway Database">Internet Off-Broadway Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0814227/">Stephen Sondheim</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/Stephen+Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sondheimdatabase.com">Sondheim Database</a>: Comprehensive database of the works of Stephen Sondheim</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sondheim.com/">Stephen Sondheim online-with Finishing The Chat</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Lipton1997" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">James Lipton (Spring 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1283/the-art-of-the-musical-stephen-sondheim">"Stephen Sondheim, The Art of the Musical"</a>. The Paris Review. Spring 1997 (142).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Paris+Review&rft.atitle=Stephen+Sondheim%2C+The+Art+of+the+Musical&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=Spring+1997&rft.issue=142&rft.date=1997&rft.au=James+Lipton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Finterviews%2F1283%2Fthe-art-of-the-musical-stephen-sondheim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephen+Sondheim" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1111437">Fresh Air NPR radio interview</a> with Sondheim from 2000 (20 minutes, <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming audio</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kennedy-center.org/programs/newseason/sondheim/#">Kennedy Center interview</a> with Sondheim, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Rich" title="Frank Rich">Frank Rich</a> in 2002 (90 minutes, streaming video)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fairfieldacc.com/about/">Stephen Sondheim Center for Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190616211403/http://www.mercurymusicals.com/">MMD – developing new musical theatre with Sondheim as patron</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://broadwayworld.com/viewcolumn.cfm?colid=33336">News article "Sondheim 'Story So Far' available 9/30, including previously unreleased tracks"</a>, BroadwayWorld.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2008-10-08-sondheim-main_N.htm">Review "Sondheim has more story to tell"</a> USA Today, October 8, 2008</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727134947/https://www.nyma.org/page.cfm?p=318&pback=317">Stephen Sondeim: Alumni of Distinction</a> – New York Military Academy archives page</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070309175005/http://www.goldsmiths.ac.uk/sondheim/">Stephen Sondheim symposium</a> held at <a href="/wiki/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London" title="Goldsmiths, University of London">Goldsmiths, University of London</a>, in 2005</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadwayworld.com/viewcolumn.cfm?colid=23311">BroadwayWorld.com interview with Stephen Sondheim, December 20, 2007</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222044705/http://www.openlettersmonthly.com/the-tao-of-steve/">Review of "Finishing the Hat: Collected Lyrics (1954–1981)"</a> November 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mvzn">Stephen Sondheim</a> interview on BBC Radio 4 <a href="/wiki/Desert_Island_Discs" title="Desert Island Discs">Desert Island Discs</a>, August 22, 1980</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards and achievements </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Special_Tony_Award" title="Special Tony Award">Special Tony Award</a> for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre 2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Stephen_Sondheim" title="Template:Stephen Sondheim"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stephen_Sondheim" title="Template talk:Stephen Sondheim"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stephen_Sondheim" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stephen Sondheim"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stephen_Sondheim" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Works_of_Stephen_Sondheim" title="Works of Stephen Sondheim">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Stephen_Sondheim" title="List of awards and nominations received by Stephen Sondheim">Awards and nominations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_(musical)" title="Saturday Night (musical)">Saturday Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a> (lyrics only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(musical)" title="Gypsy (musical)">Gypsy</a> (lyrics only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyone_Can_Whistle" title="Anyone Can Whistle">Anyone Can Whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_I_Hear_a_Waltz%3F" title="Do I Hear a Waltz?">Do I Hear a Waltz?</a> (lyrics only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_Primrose_(ABC_Stage_67)" title="Evening Primrose (ABC Stage 67)">Evening Primrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Race_to_Urga" title="The Race to Urga">The Race to Urga</a> (unproduced, lyrics only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_(musical)" title="Company (musical)">Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follies" title="Follies">Follies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Little_Night_Music" title="A Little Night Music">A Little Night Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frogs_(musical)" title="The Frogs (musical)">The Frogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Overtures" title="Pacific Overtures">Pacific Overtures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street">Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrily_We_Roll_Along_(musical)" title="Merrily We Roll Along (musical)">Merrily We Roll Along</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_in_the_Park_with_George" title="Sunday in the Park with George">Sunday in the Park with George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods" title="Into the Woods">Into the Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassins_(musical)" title="Assassins (musical)">Assassins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_(musical)" title="Passion (musical)">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Show_(musical)" title="Road Show (musical)">Road Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Here_We_Are_(musical)" title="Here We Are (musical)">Here We Are</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">West Side Story</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(1962_film)" title="Gypsy (1962 film)">Gypsy</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum_(film)" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (film)">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Little_Night_Music_(film)" title="A Little Night Music (film)">A Little Night Music</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(1993_film)" title="Gypsy (1993 film)">Gypsy</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street_(2007_film)" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)">Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_(2011_film)" title="Company (2011 film)">Company</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods_(film)" title="Into the Woods (film)">Into the Woods</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(2021_film)" title="West Side Story (2021 film)">West Side Story</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrily_We_Roll_Along_(film)" title="Merrily We Roll Along (film)">Merrily We Roll Along</a> (TBA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical revues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Side_by_Side_by_Sondheim" title="Side by Side by Sondheim">Side by Side by Sondheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marry_Me_a_Little_(musical)" title="Marry Me a Little (musical)">Marry Me a Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putting_It_Together" title="Putting It Together">Putting It Together</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sondheim_on_Sondheim" title="Sondheim on Sondheim">Sondheim on Sondheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim%27s_Old_Friends" title="Stephen Sondheim's Old Friends">Stephen Sondheim's Old Friends</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Something%27s_Coming_(song)" title="Something's Coming (song)">Something's Coming</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Maria_(West_Side_Story_song)" title="Maria (West Side Story song)">Maria</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tonight_(West_Side_Story_song)" title="Tonight (West Side Story song)">Tonight</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/America_(West_Side_Story_song)" title="America (West Side Story song)">America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cool_(West_Side_Story_song)" title="Cool (West Side Story song)">Cool</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Hand,_One_Heart" title="One Hand, One Heart">One Hand, One Heart</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tonight_Quintet" title="Tonight Quintet">Tonight Quintet</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Feel_Pretty" title="I Feel Pretty">I Feel Pretty</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somewhere_(song)" title="Somewhere (song)">Somewhere</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gee,_Officer_Krupke" title="Gee, Officer Krupke">Gee, Officer Krupke</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Boy_Like_That" title="A Boy Like That">A Boy Like That</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_Me_Entertain_You_(Gypsy)" title="Let Me Entertain You (Gypsy)">Let Me Entertain You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Everything%27s_Coming_Up_Roses" title="Everything's Coming Up Roses">Everything's Coming Up Roses</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Together_(Wherever_We_Go)" title="Together (Wherever We Go)">Together, Wherever We Go</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Gotta_Get_a_Gimmick_(song)" title="You Gotta Get a Gimmick (song)">You Gotta Get a Gimmick</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rose%27s_Turn" title="Rose's Turn">Rose's Turn</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Company_(Broadway_song)" title="Company (Broadway song)">Company</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Getting_Married_Today_(song)" title="Getting Married Today (song)">Getting Married Today</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ladies_Who_Lunch_(song)" title="The Ladies Who Lunch (song)">The Ladies Who Lunch</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Being_Alive" title="Being Alive">Being Alive</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Still_Here_(Follies_song)" title="I'm Still Here (Follies song)">I'm Still Here</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Could_I_Leave_You%3F_(song)" title="Could I Leave You? (song)">Could I Leave You?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Losing_My_Mind" title="Losing My Mind">Losing My Mind</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Send_In_the_Clowns" title="Send In the Clowns">Send In the Clowns</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Not_While_I%27m_Around_(song)" title="Not While I'm Around (song)">Not While I'm Around</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_One_Is_Alone_(song)" title="No One Is Alone (song)">No One Is Alone</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sooner_or_Later_(Madonna_song)" title="Sooner or Later (Madonna song)">Sooner or Later</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finishing_the_Hat" title="Finishing the Hat">Finishing the Hat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Original_Cast_Album:_Company" title="Original Cast Album: Company">Original Cast Album: Company</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_by_Sondheim" title="Six by Sondheim">Six by Sondheim</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Best_Worst_Thing_That_Ever_Could_Have_Happened" title="Best Worst Thing That Ever Could Have Happened">Best Worst Thing That Ever Could Have Happened</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topper_(TV_series)" title="Topper (TV series)">Topper</a> (1953–54)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_of_Sheila" title="The Last of Sheila">The Last of Sheila</a> (1973)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Getting_Away_with_Murder_(play)" title="Getting Away with Murder (play)">Getting Away with Murder</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Stephen_Sondheim" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Stephen_Sondheim" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Stephen_Sondheim" title="List of awards and nominations received by Stephen Sondheim">Awards for Stephen Sondheim</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Original Song"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Original Song"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Original Song"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Academy Award for Best Original Song">Academy Award for Best Original Song</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1934–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Continental_(song)" title="The Continental (song)">The Continental</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Con_Conrad" title="Con Conrad">Con Conrad</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Herb_Magidson" title="Herb Magidson">Herb Magidson</a> (1934)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lullaby_of_Broadway_(song)" title="Lullaby of Broadway (song)">Lullaby of Broadway</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warren" title="Harry Warren">Harry Warren</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Al_Dubin" title="Al Dubin">Al Dubin</a> (1935)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Way_You_Look_Tonight" title="The Way You Look Tonight">The Way You Look Tonight</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern">Jerome Kern</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Fields" title="Dorothy Fields">Dorothy Fields</a> (1936)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sweet_Leilani" title="Sweet Leilani">Sweet Leilani</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Owens" title="Harry Owens">Harry Owens</a> (1937)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thanks_for_the_Memory" title="Thanks for the Memory">Thanks for the Memory</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Rainger" title="Ralph Rainger">Ralph Rainger</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Robin" title="Leo Robin">Leo Robin</a> (1938)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Over_the_Rainbow" title="Over the Rainbow">Over the Rainbow</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Arlen" title="Harold Arlen">Harold Arlen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Yip_Harburg" title="Yip Harburg">E. Y. Harburg</a> (1939)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_You_Wish_Upon_a_Star" title="When You Wish Upon a Star">When You Wish Upon a Star</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Harline" title="Leigh Harline">Leigh Harline</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ned_Washington" title="Ned Washington">Ned Washington</a> (1940)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1941–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Last_Time_I_Saw_Paris_(song)" title="The Last Time I Saw Paris (song)">The Last Time I Saw Paris</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern">Jerome Kern</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a> (1941)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(song)" title="White Christmas (song)">White Christmas</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> (1942)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_Never_Know" title="You'll Never Know">You'll Never Know</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warren" title="Harry Warren">Harry Warren</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Mack_Gordon" title="Mack Gordon">Mack Gordon</a> (1943)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Swinging_on_a_Star" title="Swinging on a Star">Swinging on a Star</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Van_Heusen" title="Jimmy Van Heusen">Jimmy Van Heusen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Burke_(lyricist)" title="Johnny Burke (lyricist)">Johnny Burke</a> (1944)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It_Might_as_Well_Be_Spring" title="It Might as Well Be Spring">It Might as Well Be Spring</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a> (1945)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Atchison,_Topeka_and_the_Santa_Fe" title="On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe">On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warren" title="Harry Warren">Harry Warren</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1946)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah" title="Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah">Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Allie_Wrubel" title="Allie Wrubel">Allie Wrubel</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Gilbert" title="Ray Gilbert">Ray Gilbert</a> (1947)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Buttons_and_Bows" title="Buttons and Bows">Buttons and Bows</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jay_Livingston" title="Jay Livingston">Jay Livingston</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Evans" title="Ray Evans">Ray Evans</a> (1948)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Baby,_It%27s_Cold_Outside" title="Baby, It's Cold Outside">Baby, It's Cold Outside</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Loesser" title="Frank Loesser">Frank Loesser</a> (1949)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Mona Lisa (Nat King Cole song)">Mona Lisa</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Evans" title="Ray Evans">Ray Evans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jay_Livingston" title="Jay Livingston">Jay Livingston</a> (1950)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Cool,_Cool,_Cool_of_the_Evening" title="In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening">In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Hoagy_Carmichael" title="Hoagy Carmichael">Hoagy Carmichael</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1951)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_High_Noon" title="The Ballad of High Noon">High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin')</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Tiomkin" title="Dimitri Tiomkin">Dimitri Tiomkin</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ned_Washington" title="Ned Washington">Ned Washington</a> (1952)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Secret_Love_(Doris_Day_song)" title="Secret Love (Doris Day song)">Secret Love</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Fain" title="Sammy Fain">Sammy Fain</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Francis_Webster" title="Paul Francis Webster">Paul Francis Webster</a> (1953)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Three_Coins_in_the_Fountain_(song)" title="Three Coins in the Fountain (song)">Three Coins in the Fountain</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jule_Styne" title="Jule Styne">Jule Styne</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a> (1954)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Is_a_Many-Splendored_Thing_(song)" title="Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (song)">Love Is a Many Splendored Thing</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Fain" title="Sammy Fain">Sammy Fain</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Francis_Webster" title="Paul Francis Webster">Paul Francis Webster</a> (1955)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Que_Sera,_Sera_(Whatever_Will_Be,_Will_Be)" title="Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)">Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Jay_Livingston" title="Jay Livingston">Jay Livingston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Evans" title="Ray Evans">Ray Evans</a> (1956)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(Frank_Sinatra_song)" title="All the Way (Frank Sinatra song)">All the Way</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Van_Heusen" title="Jimmy Van Heusen">Jimmy Van Heusen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a> (1957)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gigi_(song)" title="Gigi (song)">Gigi</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Loewe" title="Frederick Loewe">Frederick Loewe</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Lerner" title="Alan Jay Lerner">Alan Jay Lerner</a> (1958)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/High_Hopes_(Frank_Sinatra_song)" title="High Hopes (Frank Sinatra song)">High Hopes</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Van_Heusen" title="Jimmy Van Heusen">Jimmy Van Heusen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a> (1959)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Never_on_Sunday_(song)" title="Never on Sunday (song)">Never on Sunday</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Manos_Hatzidakis" title="Manos Hatzidakis">Manos Hatzidakis</a> (1960)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1961–1970</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Moon_River" title="Moon River">Moon River</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1961)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Days_of_Wine_and_Roses_(song)" title="Days of Wine and Roses (song)">Days of Wine and Roses</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1962)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Irresponsible" title="Call Me Irresponsible">Call Me Irresponsible</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Van_Heusen" title="Jimmy Van Heusen">Jimmy Van Heusen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a> (1963)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chim_Chim_Cher-ee" title="Chim Chim Cher-ee">Chim Chim Cher-ee</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Sherman" title="Richard M. Sherman">Richard M. Sherman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Sherman" title="Robert B. Sherman">Robert B. Sherman</a> (1964)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_Your_Smile" title="The Shadow of Your Smile">The Shadow of Your Smile</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mandel" title="Johnny Mandel">Johnny Mandel</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Francis_Webster" title="Paul Francis Webster">Paul Francis Webster</a> (1965)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Born_Free_(Matt_Monro_song)" title="Born Free (Matt Monro song)">Born Free</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(composer)" title="John Barry (composer)">John Barry</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(lyricist)" title="Don Black (lyricist)">Don Black</a> (1966)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Talk_to_the_Animals" title="Talk to the Animals">Talk to the Animals</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Bricusse" title="Leslie Bricusse">Leslie Bricusse</a> (1967)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Windmills_of_Your_Mind" title="The Windmills of Your Mind">The Windmills of Your Mind</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Legrand" title="Michel Legrand">Michel Legrand</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Alan_and_Marilyn_Bergman" title="Alan and Marilyn Bergman">Alan and Marilyn Bergman</a> (1968)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Raindrops_Keep_Fallin%27_on_My_Head" title="Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head">Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Hal_David" title="Hal David">Hal David</a> (1969)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_All_We_Know_(1970_song)" title="For All We Know (1970 song)">For All We Know</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Karlin" title="Fred Karlin">Fred Karlin</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Robb_Royer" title="Robb Royer">Robb Royer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Griffin" title="Jimmy Griffin">Jimmy Griffin</a> (1970)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1971–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Theme_from_Shaft" title="Theme from Shaft">Theme from Shaft</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a> (1971)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Morning_After_(Maureen_McGovern_song)" title="The Morning After (Maureen McGovern song)">The Morning After</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Al_Kasha" title="Al Kasha">Al Kasha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joel_Hirschhorn" title="Joel Hirschhorn">Joel Hirschhorn</a> (1972)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Way_We_Were_(song)" title="The Way We Were (song)">The Way We Were</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Alan_and_Marilyn_Bergman" title="Alan and Marilyn Bergman">Alan and Marilyn Bergman</a> (1973)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_May_Never_Love_Like_This_Again" title="We May Never Love Like This Again">We May Never Love Like This Again</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Al_Kasha" title="Al Kasha">Al Kasha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joel_Hirschhorn" title="Joel Hirschhorn">Joel Hirschhorn</a> (1974)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Easy_(Keith_Carradine_song)" title="I'm Easy (Keith Carradine song)">I'm Easy</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Carradine" title="Keith Carradine">Keith Carradine</a> (1975)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Evergreen_(Love_Theme_from_A_Star_Is_Born)" title="Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)">Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Williams_(songwriter)" title="Paul Williams (songwriter)">Paul Williams</a> (1976)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Light_Up_My_Life_(song)" title="You Light Up My Life (song)">You Light Up My Life</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brooks_(songwriter)" title="Joseph Brooks (songwriter)">Joseph Brooks</a> (1977)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Last_Dance_(Donna_Summer_song)" title="Last Dance (Donna Summer song)">Last Dance</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Jabara" title="Paul Jabara">Paul Jabara</a> (1978)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It_Goes_Like_It_Goes" title="It Goes Like It Goes">It Goes Like It Goes</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/David_Shire" title="David Shire">David Shire</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Gimbel" title="Norman Gimbel">Norman Gimbel</a> (1979)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fame_(Irene_Cara_song)" title="Fame (Irene Cara song)">Fame</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gore" title="Michael Gore">Michael Gore</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Dean_Pitchford" title="Dean Pitchford">Dean Pitchford</a> (1980)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1981–1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Arthur%27s_Theme_(Best_That_You_Can_Do)" title="Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)">Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carole_Bayer_Sager" title="Carole Bayer Sager">Carole Bayer Sager</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cross" title="Christopher Cross">Christopher Cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Allen_(musician)" title="Peter Allen (musician)">Peter Allen</a> (1981)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Up_Where_We_Belong" title="Up Where We Belong">Up Where We Belong</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nitzsche" title="Jack Nitzsche">Jack Nitzsche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buffy_Sainte-Marie" title="Buffy Sainte-Marie">Buffy Sainte-Marie</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Will_Jennings" title="Will Jennings">Will Jennings</a> (1982)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flashdance..._What_a_Feeling" title="Flashdance... What a Feeling">Flashdance... What a Feeling</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Forsey" title="Keith Forsey">Keith Forsey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irene_Cara" title="Irene Cara">Irene Cara</a> (1983)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Just_Called_to_Say_I_Love_You" title="I Just Called to Say I Love You">I Just Called to Say I Love You</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1984)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Say_You,_Say_Me" title="Say You, Say Me">Say You, Say Me</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a> (1985)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Take_My_Breath_Away" title="Take My Breath Away">Take My Breath Away</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Whitlock" title="Tom Whitlock">Tom Whitlock</a> (1986)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(I%27ve_Had)_The_Time_of_My_Life" title="(I've Had) The Time of My Life">(I've Had) The Time of My Life</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Franke_Previte" title="Franke Previte">Franke Previte</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_DeNicola" title="John DeNicola">John DeNicola</a> and Donald Markowitz</li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Franke_Previte" title="Franke Previte">Franke Previte</a> (1987)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_the_River_Run" title="Let the River Run">Let the River Run</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Carly_Simon" title="Carly Simon">Carly Simon</a> (1988)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Under_the_Sea" title="Under the Sea">Under the Sea</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (1989)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sooner_or_Later_(Madonna_song)" title="Sooner or Later (Madonna song)">Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1990)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1991–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(Disney_song)" title="Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)">Beauty and the Beast</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (1991)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Whole_New_World" title="A Whole New World">A Whole New World</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1992)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Streets_of_Philadelphia" title="Streets of Philadelphia">Streets of Philadelphia</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (1993)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can_You_Feel_the_Love_Tonight" title="Can You Feel the Love Tonight">Can You Feel the Love Tonight</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1994)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Colors_of_the_Wind" title="Colors of the Wind">Colors of the Wind</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz" title="Stephen Schwartz">Stephen Schwartz</a> (1995)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Must_Love_Me" title="You Must Love Me">You Must Love Me</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1996)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On" title="My Heart Will Go On">My Heart Will Go On</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/James_Horner" title="James Horner">James Horner</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Will_Jennings" title="Will Jennings">Will Jennings</a> (1997)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_You_Believe" title="When You Believe">When You Believe</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz" title="Stephen Schwartz">Stephen Schwartz</a> (1998)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_Be_in_My_Heart" title="You'll Be in My Heart">You'll Be in My Heart</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> (1999)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Things_Have_Changed" title="Things Have Changed">Things Have Changed</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (2000)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/If_I_Didn%27t_Have_You_(Disney_song)" title="If I Didn't Have You (Disney song)">If I Didn't Have You</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a> (2001)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lose_Yourself" title="Lose Yourself">Lose Yourself</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bass" title="Jeff Bass">Jeff Bass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luis_Resto_(musician)" title="Luis Resto (musician)">Luis Resto</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a> (2002)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Into_the_West_(song)" title="Into the West (song)">Into the West</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annie_Lennox" title="Annie Lennox">Annie Lennox</a> (2003)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Al_otro_lado_del_r%C3%ADo" title="Al otro lado del río">Al otro lado del río</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Drexler" title="Jorge Drexler">Jorge Drexler</a> (2004)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Hard_out_Here_for_a_Pimp" title="It's Hard out Here for a Pimp">It's Hard out Here for a Pimp</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Juicy_J" title="Juicy J">Juicy J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frayser_Boy" title="Frayser Boy">Frayser Boy</a> and <a href="/wiki/DJ_Paul" title="DJ Paul">DJ Paul</a> (2005)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Need_to_Wake_Up" title="I Need to Wake Up">I Need to Wake Up</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Etheridge" title="Melissa Etheridge">Melissa Etheridge</a> (2006)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Falling_Slowly" title="Falling Slowly">Falling Slowly</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Glen_Hansard" title="Glen Hansard">Glen Hansard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark%C3%A9ta_Irglov%C3%A1" title="Markéta Irglová">Markéta Irglová</a> (2007)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jai_Ho_(song)" title="Jai Ho (song)">Jai Ho</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/A._R._Rahman" title="A. R. Rahman">A. R. Rahman</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Gulzar" title="Gulzar">Gulzar</a> (2008)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Weary_Kind" title="The Weary Kind">The Weary Kind</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Bingham" title="Ryan Bingham">Ryan Bingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/T_Bone_Burnett" title="T Bone Burnett">T Bone Burnett</a> (2009)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Belong_Together_(Randy_Newman_song)" title="We Belong Together (Randy Newman song)">We Belong Together</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a> (2010)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2011–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Man_or_Muppet" title="Man or Muppet">Man or Muppet</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Bret_McKenzie" title="Bret McKenzie">Bret McKenzie</a> (2011)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Skyfall_(song)" title="Skyfall (song)">Skyfall</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele Adkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Epworth" title="Paul Epworth">Paul Epworth</a> (2012)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_It_Go" title="Let It Go">Let It Go</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Anderson-Lopez" title="Kristen Anderson-Lopez">Kristen Anderson-Lopez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a> (2013)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Glory_(Common_and_John_Legend_song)" title="Glory (Common and John Legend song)">Glory</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Stephens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_(rapper)" title="Common (rapper)">Lonnie Lynn</a> (2014)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Writing%27s_on_the_Wall_(Sam_Smith_song)" title="Writing's on the Wall (Sam Smith song)">Writing's on the Wall</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Napes" title="Jimmy Napes">James Napier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Smith" title="Sam Smith">Sam Smith</a> (2015)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/City_of_Stars" title="City of Stars">City of Stars</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Justin_Hurwitz" title="Justin Hurwitz">Justin Hurwitz</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Benj_Pasek" title="Benj Pasek">Benj Pasek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Paul" title="Justin Paul">Justin Paul</a> (2016)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Remember_Me_(Coco_song)" title="Remember Me (Coco song)">Remember Me</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Anderson-Lopez" title="Kristen Anderson-Lopez">Kristen Anderson-Lopez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a> (2017)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shallow_(Lady_Gaga_and_Bradley_Cooper_song)" title="Shallow (Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper song)">Shallow</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ronson" title="Mark Ronson">Mark Ronson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Rossomando" title="Anthony Rossomando">Anthony Rossomando</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wyatt" title="Andrew Wyatt">Andrew Wyatt</a> (2018)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(I%27m_Gonna)_Love_Me_Again" title="(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again">(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Taupin" title="Bernie Taupin">Bernie Taupin</a> (2019)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fight_for_You_(H.E.R._song)" title="Fight for You (H.E.R. song)">Fight for You</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/D%27Mile" title="D'Mile">D'Mile</a> and <a href="/wiki/H.E.R." title="H.E.R.">H.E.R.</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/H.E.R." title="H.E.R.">H.E.R.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiara_Thomas" title="Tiara Thomas">Tiara Thomas</a> (2020)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/No_Time_to_Die_(song)" title="No Time to Die (song)">No Time to Die</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell" title="Finneas O'Connell">Finneas O'Connell</a> (2021)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Naatu_Naatu" title="Naatu Naatu">Naatu Naatu</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/M._M._Keeravani" title="M. M. Keeravani">M. M. Keeravani</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Chandrabose_(lyricist)" title="Chandrabose (lyricist)">Chandrabose</a> (2022)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Was_I_Made_For%3F" title="What Was I Made For?">What Was I Made For?</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell" title="Finneas O'Connell">Finneas O'Connell</a> (2023)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Lyrics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #D7F1D7;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DramaDesk_Lyrics" title="Template:DramaDesk Lyrics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DramaDesk_Lyrics" title="Template talk:DramaDesk Lyrics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DramaDesk_Lyrics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DramaDesk Lyrics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Lyrics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Lyrics" title="Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lyrics">Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lyrics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D7F1D7;;width:1%">1969–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Ebb" title="Fred Ebb">Fred Ebb</a> (1969)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a> (1970)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Guare" title="John Guare">John Guare</a> (1972)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Carmines" title="Al Carmines">Al Carmines</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Smalls" title="Charlie Smalls">Charlie Smalls</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Kleban" title="Edward Kleban">Edward Kleban</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Charnin" title="Martin Charnin">Martin Charnin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Hall" title="Carol Hall">Carol Hall</a> (1978)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1980)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maury_Yeston" title="Maury Yeston">Maury Yeston</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (1983)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Miller" title="Roger Miller">Roger Miller</a> (1985)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Zippel" title="David Zippel">David Zippel</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Finn" title="William Finn">William Finn</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Birkenhead" title="Susan Birkenhead">Susan Birkenhead</a> (1992)</li> <li>Denis Markell and Douglas Bernstein (1993)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Larson" title="Jonathan Larson">Jonathan Larson</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Alessandrini" title="Gerard Alessandrini">Gerard Alessandrini</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Ahrens" title="Lynn Ahrens">Lynn Ahrens</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Alessandrini" title="Gerard Alessandrini">Gerard Alessandrini</a> (1999)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D7F1D7;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robert_Brown" title="Jason Robert Brown">Jason Robert Brown</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Wittman" title="Scott Wittman">Scott Wittman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Shaiman" title="Marc Shaiman">Marc Shaiman</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz" title="Stephen Schwartz">Stephen Schwartz</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Idle" title="Eric Idle">Eric Idle</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Lambert" title="Lisa Lambert">Lisa Lambert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greg_Morrison" title="Greg Morrison">Greg Morrison</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Sater" title="Steven Sater">Steven Sater</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stew_(musician)" title="Stew (musician)">Stew</a> (2008)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Ebb" title="Fred Ebb">Fred Ebb</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trey_Parker" title="Trey Parker">Trey Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Matt_Stone" title="Matt Stone">Matt Stone</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Hansard" title="Glen Hansard">Glen Hansard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark%C3%A9ta_Irglov%C3%A1" title="Markéta Irglová">Markéta Irglová</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Minchin" title="Tim Minchin">Tim Minchin</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Freedman" title="Robert L. Freedman">Robert L. Freedman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Lutvak" title="Steven Lutvak">Steven Lutvak</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasek_and_Paul" title="Pasek and Paul">Benj Pasek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Paul" title="Justin Paul">Justin Paul</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Yazbek" title="David Yazbek">David Yazbek</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kellogg_(writer)" title="Peter Kellogg (writer)">Peter Kellogg</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Yazbek" title="David Yazbek">David Yazbek</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_R._Jackson" title="Michael R. Jackson">Michael R. Jackson</a> (2020)</li> <li>No Award (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_Marlow" title="Toby Marlow">Toby Marlow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Moss" title="Lucy Moss">Lucy Moss</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Wittman" title="Scott Wittman">Scott Wittman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Shaiman" title="Marc Shaiman">Marc Shaiman</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Yazbek" title="David Yazbek">David Yazbek</a> and Erik Della Penna (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #D7F1D7;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DramaDesk_Music" title="Template:DramaDesk Music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DramaDesk_Music" title="Template talk:DramaDesk Music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DramaDesk_Music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DramaDesk Music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Music" title="Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Music">Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D7F1D7;;width:1%">1969–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Carmines" title="Al Carmines">Al Carmines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a> (1969)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Kurt Weill</a> (1970)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galt_MacDermot" title="Galt MacDermot">Galt MacDermot</a> (1972)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Carmines" title="Al Carmines">Al Carmines</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Smalls" title="Charlie Smalls">Charlie Smalls</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cy_Coleman" title="Cy Coleman">Cy Coleman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cy_Coleman" title="Cy Coleman">Cy Coleman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Hall" title="Carol Hall">Carol Hall</a> (1978)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maury_Yeston" title="Maury Yeston">Maury Yeston</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Grossman_(composer)" title="Larry Grossman (composer)">Larry Grossman</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Holmes" title="Rupert Holmes">Rupert Holmes</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Gay" title="Noel Gay">Noel Gay</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude-Michel_Sch%C3%B6nberg" title="Claude-Michel Schönberg">Claude-Michel Schönberg</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cy_Coleman" title="Cy Coleman">Cy Coleman</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cy_Coleman" title="Cy Coleman">Cy Coleman</a> (1991)</li> <li>Erik Frandsen, Michael Garin, Paul Lockheart, and Robert Hipkins (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a> (1993)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Larson" title="Jonathan Larson">Jonathan Larson</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cy_Coleman" title="Cy Coleman">Cy Coleman</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Flaherty" title="Stephen Flaherty">Stephen Flaherty</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robert_Brown" title="Jason Robert Brown">Jason Robert Brown</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lippa" title="Andrew Lippa">Andrew Lippa</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D7F1D7;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Yazbek" title="David Yazbek">David Yazbek</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robert_Brown" title="Jason Robert Brown">Jason Robert Brown</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Shaiman" title="Marc Shaiman">Marc Shaiman</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Tesori" title="Jeanine Tesori">Jeanine Tesori</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Guettel" title="Adam Guettel">Adam Guettel</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Lambert" title="Lisa Lambert">Lisa Lambert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greg_Morrison" title="Greg Morrison">Greg Morrison</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Sheik" title="Duncan Sheik">Duncan Sheik</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stew_(musician)" title="Stew (musician)">Stew</a> and Heidi Rodewald (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bryan" title="David Bryan">David Bryan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trey_Parker" title="Trey Parker">Trey Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Matt_Stone" title="Matt Stone">Matt Stone</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Byrne" title="David Byrne">David Byrne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fatboy_Slim" title="Fatboy Slim">Fatboy Slim</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robert_Brown" title="Jason Robert Brown">Jason Robert Brown</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edie_Brickell" title="Edie Brickell">Edie Brickell</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Yazbek" title="David Yazbek">David Yazbek</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Friedman_(composer)" title="David Friedman (composer)">David Friedman</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Yazbek" title="David Yazbek">David Yazbek</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Malloy" title="Dave Malloy">Dave Malloy</a> (2020)</li> <li>No Award (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_Marlow" title="Toby Marlow">Toby Marlow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Moss" title="Lucy Moss">Lucy Moss</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandy_Clark" title="Brandy Clark">Brandy Clark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shane_McAnally" title="Shane McAnally">Shane McAnally</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaina_Taub" title="Shaina Taub">Shaina Taub</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Song_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Song_of_the_Year" title="Template:Grammy Award for Song of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Song_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Song of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Song_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Song of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Song_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Song_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Song of the Year">Grammy Award for Song of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Nel_blu,_dipinto_di_blu_(song)" title="Nel blu, dipinto di blu (song)">Nel blu, dipinto di blu (Volare)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Modugno" title="Domenico Modugno">Domenico Modugno</a> (songwriter) (1958)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_New_Orleans" title="The Battle of New Orleans">The Battle of New Orleans</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Driftwood" title="Jimmy Driftwood">Jimmy Driftwood</a> (songwriter) (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Theme_of_Exodus" title="Theme of Exodus">Theme of Exodus</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gold" title="Ernest Gold">Ernest Gold</a> (songwriter) (1960)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Moon_River" title="Moon River">Moon River</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> & <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a> (songwriters) (1961)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Kind_of_Fool_Am_I%3F" title="What Kind of Fool Am I?">What Kind of Fool Am I?</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Bricusse" title="Leslie Bricusse">Leslie Bricusse</a> & <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Newley" title="Anthony Newley">Anthony Newley</a> (songwriters) (1962)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Days_of_Wine_and_Roses_(song)" title="Days of Wine and Roses (song)">Days of Wine and Roses</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> & <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a> (songwriters) (1963)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hello,_Dolly!_(song)" title="Hello, Dolly! (song)">Hello, Dolly!</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a> (songwriter) (1964)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_Your_Smile" title="The Shadow of Your Smile">The Shadow of Your Smile</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Francis_Webster" title="Paul Francis Webster">Paul Francis Webster</a> & <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mandel" title="Johnny Mandel">Johnny Mandel</a> (songwriters) (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Michelle_(song)" title="Michelle (song)">Michelle</a>" – <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> & <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> (songwriters) (1966)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Up,_Up_and_Away_(song)" title="Up, Up and Away (song)">Up, Up, and Away</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Webb" title="Jimmy Webb">Jimmy Webb</a> (songwriter) (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Little_Green_Apples" title="Little Green Apples">Little Green Apples</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Russell" title="Bobby Russell">Bobby Russell</a> (songwriter) (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Games_People_Play_(Joe_South_song)" title="Games People Play (Joe South song)">Games People Play</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Joe_South" title="Joe South">Joe South</a> (songwriter) (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Bridge_over_Troubled_Water_(song)" title="Bridge over Troubled Water (song)">Bridge over Troubled Water</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> (songwriter) (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ve_Got_a_Friend" title="You've Got a Friend">You've Got a Friend</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a> (songwriter) (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_First_Time_Ever_I_Saw_Your_Face" title="The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face">The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Ewan_MacColl" title="Ewan MacColl">Ewan MacColl</a> (songwriter) (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Killing_Me_Softly_with_His_Song" title="Killing Me Softly with His Song">Killing Me Softly with His Song</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Norman_Gimbel" title="Norman Gimbel">Norman Gimbel</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fox_(composer)" title="Charles Fox (composer)">Charles Fox</a> (songwriters) (1973)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Way_We_Were_(song)" title="The Way We Were (song)">The Way We Were</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Alan_and_Marilyn_Bergman" title="Alan and Marilyn Bergman">Alan and Marilyn Bergman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a> (songwriters) (1974)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Send_In_the_Clowns" title="Send In the Clowns">Send In the Clowns</a>" – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (songwriter) (1975)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Write_the_Songs" title="I Write the Songs">I Write the Songs</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Johnston" title="Bruce Johnston">Bruce Johnston</a> (songwriter) (1976)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Evergreen_(Love_Theme_from_A_Star_Is_Born)" title="Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)">Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> & <a href="/wiki/Paul_Williams_(songwriter)" title="Paul Williams (songwriter)">Paul Williams</a> (songwriters) / "<a href="/wiki/You_Light_Up_My_Life_(song)" title="You Light Up My Life (song)">You Light Up My Life</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brooks_(songwriter)" title="Joseph Brooks (songwriter)">Joe Brooks</a> (songwriter) (1977)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_the_Way_You_Are_(Billy_Joel_song)" title="Just the Way You Are (Billy Joel song)">Just the Way You Are</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a> (songwriter) (1978)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_a_Fool_Believes" title="What a Fool Believes">What a Fool Believes</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Loggins" title="Kenny Loggins">Kenny Loggins</a> & <a href="/wiki/Michael_McDonald_(musician)" title="Michael McDonald (musician)">Michael McDonald</a> (songwriters) (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Sailing_(Christopher_Cross_song)" title="Sailing (Christopher Cross song)">Sailing</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cross" title="Christopher Cross">Christopher Cross</a> (songwriter) (1980)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis_Eyes" title="Bette Davis Eyes">Bette Davis Eyes</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Donna_Weiss" title="Donna Weiss">Donna Weiss</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jackie_DeShannon" title="Jackie DeShannon">Jackie DeShannon</a> (songwriters) (1981)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Always_on_My_Mind" title="Always on My Mind">Always on My Mind</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Christopher" title="Johnny Christopher">Johnny Christopher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_James_(songwriter)" title="Mark James (songwriter)">Mark James</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Carson" title="Wayne Carson">Wayne Carson</a> (songwriters) (1982)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Every_Breath_You_Take" title="Every Breath You Take">Every Breath You Take</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (songwriter) (1983)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(song)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (song)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Graham_Lyle" title="Graham Lyle">Graham Lyle</a> & <a href="/wiki/Terry_Britten" title="Terry Britten">Terry Britten</a> (songwriters) (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_World" title="We Are the World">We Are the World</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a> (songwriters) (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That%27s_What_Friends_Are_For" title="That's What Friends Are For">That's What Friends Are For</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a> & <a href="/wiki/Carole_Bayer_Sager" title="Carole Bayer Sager">Carole Bayer Sager</a> (songwriters) (1986)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somewhere_Out_There_(An_American_Tail_song)" title="Somewhere Out There (An American Tail song)">Somewhere Out There</a>" – <a href="/wiki/James_Horner" title="James Horner">James Horner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Mann" title="Barry Mann">Barry Mann</a> & <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Weil" title="Cynthia Weil">Cynthia Weil</a> (songwriters) (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Worry,_Be_Happy" title="Don't Worry, Be Happy">Don't Worry, Be Happy</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin" title="Bobby McFerrin">Bobby McFerrin</a> (songwriter) (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wind_Beneath_My_Wings" title="Wind Beneath My Wings">Wind Beneath My Wings</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Larry_Henley" title="Larry Henley">Larry Henley</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Silbar" title="Jeff Silbar">Jeff Silbar</a> (songwriters) (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/From_a_Distance" title="From a Distance">From a Distance</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Julie_Gold" title="Julie Gold">Julie Gold</a> (songwriter) (1990)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Unforgettable_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Unforgettable (Nat King Cole song)">Unforgettable</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Irving_Gordon" title="Irving Gordon">Irving Gordon</a> (songwriter) (1991)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tears_in_Heaven" title="Tears in Heaven">Tears in Heaven</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> & <a href="/wiki/Will_Jennings" title="Will Jennings">Will Jennings</a> (songwriters) (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Whole_New_World" title="A Whole New World">A Whole New World</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (songwriters) (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Streets_of_Philadelphia" title="Streets of Philadelphia">Streets of Philadelphia</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (songwriter) (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kiss_from_a_Rose" title="Kiss from a Rose">Kiss from a Rose</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Seal_(musician)" title="Seal (musician)">Seal</a> (songwriter) (1995)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Change_the_World" title="Change the World">Change the World</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Kennedy_(musician)" title="Gordon Kennedy (musician)">Gordon Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Kirkpatrick" title="Wayne Kirkpatrick">Wayne Kirkpatrick</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Sims" title="Tommy Sims">Tommy Sims</a> (songwriters) (1996)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sunny_Came_Home" title="Sunny Came Home">Sunny Came Home</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Colvin" title="Shawn Colvin">Shawn Colvin</a> & <a href="/wiki/John_Leventhal" title="John Leventhal">John Leventhal</a> (songwriters) (1997)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On" title="My Heart Will Go On">My Heart Will Go On</a>" – <a href="/wiki/James_Horner" title="James Horner">James Horner</a> & <a href="/wiki/Will_Jennings" title="Will Jennings">Will Jennings</a> (songwriters) (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Smooth_(Santana_song)" title="Smooth (Santana song)">Smooth</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Itaal_Shur" title="Itaal Shur">Itaal Shur</a> & <a href="/wiki/Rob_Thomas_(musician)" title="Rob Thomas (musician)">Rob Thomas</a> (songwriters) (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Day" title="Beautiful Day">Beautiful Day</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton" title="Adam Clayton">Adam Clayton</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Edge" title="The Edge">David Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Mullen_Jr." title="Larry Mullen Jr.">Laurence Mullen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Paul Hewson</a> (songwriters) (2000)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fallin%27_(Alicia_Keys_song)" title="Fallin' (Alicia Keys song)">Fallin'</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a> (songwriter) (2001)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Know_Why" title="Don't Know Why">Don't Know Why</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Harris" title="Jesse Harris">Jesse Harris</a> (songwriter) (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dance_with_My_Father_(song)" title="Dance with My Father (song)">Dance with My Father</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Marx" title="Richard Marx">Richard Marx</a> & <a href="/wiki/Luther_Vandross" title="Luther Vandross">Luther Vandross</a> (songwriters) (2003)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Daughters_(John_Mayer_song)" title="Daughters (John Mayer song)">Daughters</a>" – <a href="/wiki/John_Mayer" title="John Mayer">John Mayer</a> (songwriter) (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sometimes_You_Can%27t_Make_It_on_Your_Own" title="Sometimes You Can't Make It on Your Own">Sometimes You Can't Make It on Your Own</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton" title="Adam Clayton">Adam Clayton</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Edge" title="The Edge">David Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Mullen_Jr." title="Larry Mullen Jr.">Laurence Mullen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Paul Hewson</a> (songwriters) (2005)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Not_Ready_to_Make_Nice" title="Not Ready to Make Nice">Not Ready to Make Nice</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Emily_Robison" class="mw-redirect" title="Emily Robison">Emily Burns Erwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martie_Maguire" title="Martie Maguire">Martha Maguire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Maines" title="Natalie Maines">Natalie Maines Pasdar</a> & <a href="/wiki/Dan_Wilson_(musician)" title="Dan Wilson (musician)">Dan Wilson</a> (songwriters) (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rehab_(Amy_Winehouse_song)" title="Rehab (Amy Winehouse song)">Rehab</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Amy_Winehouse" title="Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse</a> (songwriter) (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Viva_la_Vida" title="Viva la Vida">Viva la Vida</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Guy_Berryman" title="Guy Berryman">Guy Berryman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonny_Buckland" title="Jonny Buckland">Jonathan Buckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Will_Champion" title="Will Champion">William Champion</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chris_Martin" title="Chris Martin">Christopher Martin</a> (songwriters) (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Single_Ladies_(Put_a_Ring_on_It)" title="Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)">Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Kuk_Harrell" title="Kuk Harrell">Thaddis "Kuk" Harrell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/The-Dream" title="The-Dream">Terius Nash</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tricky_Stewart" title="Tricky Stewart">Christopher Stewart</a> (songwriters) (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Need_You_Now_(Lady_Antebellum_song)" title="Need You Now (Lady Antebellum song)">Need You Now</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Dave_Haywood" title="Dave Haywood">Dave Haywood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josh_Kear" title="Josh Kear">Josh Kear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kelley" title="Charles Kelley">Charles Kelley</a> & <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Scott" title="Hillary Scott">Hillary Scott</a> (songwriters) (2010)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rolling_in_the_Deep" title="Rolling in the Deep">Rolling in the Deep</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele Adkins</a> & <a href="/wiki/Paul_Epworth" title="Paul Epworth">Paul Epworth</a> (songwriters) (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Are_Young" title="We Are Young">We Are Young</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Jack_Antonoff" title="Jack Antonoff">Jack Antonoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bhasker" title="Jeff Bhasker">Jeff Bhasker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dost" title="Andrew Dost">Andrew Dost</a> & <a href="/wiki/Nate_Ruess" title="Nate Ruess">Nate Ruess</a> (songwriters) (2012)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Royals_(song)" title="Royals (song)">Royals</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Joel_Little" title="Joel Little">Joel Little</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lorde" title="Lorde">Ella Yelich O'Connor</a> (songwriters) (2013)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stay_with_Me_(Sam_Smith_song)" title="Stay with Me (Sam Smith song)">Stay with Me</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Rodney_Jerkins" title="Rodney Jerkins">Darkchild</a> version) – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Napes" title="Jimmy Napes">James Napier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourist_(musician)" title="Tourist (musician)">William Phillips</a> & <a href="/wiki/Sam_Smith" title="Sam Smith">Sam Smith</a> (songwriters) (2014)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thinking_Out_Loud" title="Thinking Out Loud">Thinking Out Loud</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Ed_Sheeran" title="Ed Sheeran">Ed Sheeran</a> & <a href="/wiki/Amy_Wadge" title="Amy Wadge">Amy Wadge</a> (songwriters) (2015)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hello_(Adele_song)" title="Hello (Adele song)">Hello</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele Adkins</a> & <a href="/wiki/Greg_Kurstin" title="Greg Kurstin">Greg Kurstin</a> (songwriters) (2016)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That%27s_What_I_Like_(Bruno_Mars_song)" title="That's What I Like (Bruno Mars song)">That's What I Like</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Brody_Brown" title="Brody Brown">Christopher Brody Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Fauntleroy" title="James Fauntleroy">James Fauntleroy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Lawrence_(songwriter)" title="Philip Lawrence (songwriter)">Philip Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Stereotypes" title="The Stereotypes">Ray Charles McCullough II, Jeremy Reeves, Ray Romulus & Jonathan Yip</a> (songwriters) (2017)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)" title="This Is America (song)">This Is America</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Donald_Glover" title="Donald Glover">Donald Glover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_G%C3%B6ransson" title="Ludwig Göransson">Ludwig Göransson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Young_Thug" title="Young Thug">Jeffery Lamar Williams</a> (songwriters) (2018)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bad_Guy_(Billie_Eilish_song)" title="Bad Guy (Billie Eilish song)">Bad Guy</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish O'Connell</a> & <a href="/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell" title="Finneas O'Connell">Finneas O'Connell</a> (songwriters) (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe_(H.E.R._song)" title="I Can't Breathe (H.E.R. song)">I Can't Breathe</a>" – <a href="/wiki/D%27Mile" title="D'Mile">Dernst Emile II</a>, <a href="/wiki/H.E.R." title="H.E.R.">H.E.R.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tiara_Thomas" title="Tiara Thomas">Tiara Thomas</a> (songwriters) (2020)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Leave_the_Door_Open" title="Leave the Door Open">Leave the Door Open</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Anderson_.Paak" title="Anderson .Paak">Brandon Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brody_Brown" title="Brody Brown">Christopher Brody Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%27Mile" title="D'Mile">Dernst Emile II</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (songwriters) (2021)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_Like_That_(Bonnie_Raitt_song)" title="Just Like That (Bonnie Raitt song)">Just Like That</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a> (songwriter) (2022)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Was_I_Made_For%3F" title="What Was I Made For?">What Was I Made For?</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish O'Connell</a> & <a href="/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell" title="Finneas O'Connell">Finneas O'Connell</a> (songwriters) (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(1990s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template talk:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(1990s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honorees</a> (1990s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ris%C3%AB_Stevens" title="Risë Stevens">Risë Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jule_Styne" title="Jule Styne">Jule Styne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Comden" title="Betty Comden">Betty Comden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Green" title="Adolph Green">Adolph Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayard_Nicholas" title="Fayard Nicholas">Fayard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Nicholas" title="Harold Nicholas">Harold Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(conductor)" title="Robert Shaw (conductor)">Robert Shaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovich" title="Mstislav Rostropovich">Mstislav Rostropovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Taylor_(choreographer)" title="Paul Taylor (choreographer)">Paul Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Mitchell_(dancer)" title="Arthur Mitchell (dancer)">Arthur Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Sir Georg Solti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Williams" title="Marion Williams">Marion Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_d%27Amboise_(dancer)" title="Jacques d'Amboise (dancer)">Jacques d'Amboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Simon" title="Neil Simon">Neil Simon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Villella" title="Edward Villella">Edward Villella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Ebb" title="Fred Ebb">Fred Ebb</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Borge" title="Victor Borge">Victor Borge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Jamison" title="Judith Jamison">Judith Jamison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1970s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2010s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2020s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(1990s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template talk:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(1990s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts recipients</a> (1990s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Merce Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Johns" title="Jasper Johns">Jasper Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Lawrence" title="Jacob Lawrence">Jacob Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">Riley "B.B." King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_Kreeger" title="David Lloyd Kreeger">David Lloyd Kreeger</a></li> <li>Harris & Carroll Sterling Masterson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McHarg" title="Ian McHarg">Ian McHarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BellSouth" title="BellSouth">Southeastern Bell Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Abravanel" title="Maurice Abravanel">Maurice Abravanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Belluschi" title="Pietro Belluschi">Pietro Belluschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Brown_III" class="mw-redirect" title="John Carter Brown III">John Carter Brown III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_%22Honi%22_Coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles "Honi" Coles">Charles "Honi" Coles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosby_(conductor)" title="John Crosby (conductor)">John Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Diebenkorn" title="Richard Diebenkorn">Richard Diebenkorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Philip_Hanes" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Philip Hanes">R. Philip Hanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Carlisle" title="Kitty Carlisle">Kitty Carlisle Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Primus" title="Pearl Primus">Pearl Primus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texaco" title="Texaco">Texaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Houser" title="Allan Houser">Allan Houser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnie_Pearl" title="Minnie Pearl">Minnie Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Saudek" title="Robert Saudek">Robert Saudek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Scruggs" title="Earl Scruggs">Earl Scruggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(conductor)" title="Robert Shaw (conductor)">Robert Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Taylor" title="Billy Taylor">Billy Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Venturi" title="Robert Venturi">Robert Venturi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denise_Scott_Brown" title="Denise Scott Brown">Denise Scott Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Acheson_Wallace" title="Lila Acheson Wallace">Lila Wallace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Annenberg" title="Walter Annenberg">Walter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonore_Annenberg" title="Leonore Annenberg">Leonore Annenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cabell "Cab" Calloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Lomax_Hawes" title="Bess Lomax Hawes">Bess Lomax Hawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kunitz" title="Stanley Kunitz">Stanley Kunitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Merrill" title="Robert Merrill">Robert Merrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg" title="Robert Rauschenberg">Robert Rauschenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Richards" title="Lloyd Richards">Lloyd Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Taylor_(choreographer)" title="Paul Taylor (choreographer)">Paul Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_DeLay" title="Dorothy DeLay">Dorothy DeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erick_Hawkins" title="Erick Hawkins">Erick Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Thiebaud" title="Wayne Thiebaud">Wayne Thiebaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wilbur" title="Richard Wilbur">Richard Wilbur</a></li> <li>Young Audiences</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licia_Albanese" title="Licia Albanese">Licia Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Gerald_Cantor" title="B. Gerald Cantor">B. Gerald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iris_Cantor" title="Iris Cantor">Iris Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Diamond_(composer)" title="David Diamond (composer)">David Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ingo_Freed" title="James Ingo Freed">James Ingo Freed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein" title="Roy Lichtenstein">Roy Lichtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Mitchell_(dancer)" title="Arthur Mitchell (dancer)">Arthur Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a></li> <li>Urban Gateways</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Caldwell" title="Sarah Caldwell">Sarah Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Callahan_(photographer)" title="Harry Callahan (photographer)">Harry Callahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelda_Fichandler" title="Zelda Fichandler">Zelda Fichandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalo_Guerrero" title="Lalo Guerrero">Eduardo "Lalo" Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Lewitzky" title="Bella Lewitzky">Bella Lewitzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Vera List">Vera List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Sendak" title="Maurice Sendak">Maurice Sendak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boys_Choir_of_Harlem" title="Boys Choir of Harlem">Boys Choir of Harlem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Carter" title="Betty Carter">Betty Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Gund" title="Agnes Gund">Agnes Gund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Kiley" title="Dan Kiley">Daniel Urban Kiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Puente" title="Tito Puente">Tito Puente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Villella" title="Edward Villella">Edward Villella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Watson" title="Doc Watson">Doc Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDowell_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="MacDowell Colony">MacDowell Colony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_d%27Amboise_(dancer)" title="Jacques d'Amboise (dancer)">Jacques d'Amboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Antoine "Fats" Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramblin%27_Jack_Elliott" title="Ramblin' Jack Elliott">Ramblin' Jack Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Handman" title="Barbara Handman">Barbara Handman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Martin" title="Agnes Martin">Agnes Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Peters" title="Roberta Peters">Roberta Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Lee_Corporation" title="Sara Lee Corporation">Sara Lee Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppenwolf_Theatre_Company" title="Steppenwolf Theatre Company">Steppenwolf Theatre Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Verdon" title="Gwen Verdon">Gwen Verdon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Diamond" title="Irene Diamond">Irene Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Graves" title="Michael Graves">Michael Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odetta" title="Odetta">Odetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_LeNoire" title="Rosetta LeNoire">Rosetta LeNoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Lichtenstein" title="Harvey Lichtenstein">Harvey Lichtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Mendoza" title="Lydia Mendoza">Lydia Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Segal_(artist)" title="George Segal (artist)">George Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_National_Medal_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama:_Authors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_DramaAuthors" title="Template:PulitzerPrize DramaAuthors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_DramaAuthors" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize DramaAuthors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_DramaAuthors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize DramaAuthors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama:_Authors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama" title="Pulitzer Prize for Drama">Pulitzer Prize for Drama</a>: Authors</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Lynch_Williams" title="Jesse Lynch Williams">Jesse Lynch Williams</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zona_Gale" title="Zona Gale">Zona Gale</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Davis" title="Owen Davis">Owen Davis</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatcher_Hughes" title="Hatcher Hughes">Hatcher Hughes</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Howard" title="Sidney Howard">Sidney Howard</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kelly_(playwright)" title="George Kelly (playwright)">George Kelly</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Green_(playwright)" title="Paul Green (playwright)">Paul Green</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Rice" title="Elmer Rice">Elmer Rice</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Connelly" title="Marc Connelly">Marc Connelly</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Glaspell" title="Susan Glaspell">Susan Glaspell</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Kaufman" title="George S. Kaufman">George S. Kaufman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morrie_Ryskind" title="Morrie Ryskind">Morrie Ryskind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira Gershwin</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson" title="Maxwell Anderson">Maxwell Anderson</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Kingsley" title="Sidney Kingsley">Sidney Kingsley</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Akins" title="Zoe Akins">Zoe Akins</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Sherwood" title="Robert E. Sherwood">Robert E. Sherwood</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Hart" title="Moss Hart">Moss Hart</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_S._Kaufman" title="George S. Kaufman">George S. Kaufman</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Sherwood" title="Robert E. Sherwood">Robert E. Sherwood</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Saroyan" title="William Saroyan">William Saroyan</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Sherwood" title="Robert E. Sherwood">Robert E. Sherwood</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Chase_(playwright)" title="Mary Chase (playwright)">Mary Chase</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russel_Crouse" title="Russel Crouse">Russel Crouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Lindsay" title="Howard Lindsay">Howard Lindsay</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Logan" title="Joshua Logan">Joshua Logan</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kramm" title="Joseph Kramm">Joseph Kramm</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Inge" title="William Inge">William Inge</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_(dramatist)" title="John Patrick (dramatist)">John Patrick</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hackett" title="Albert Hackett">Albert Hackett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frances_Goodrich" title="Frances Goodrich">Frances Goodrich</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketti_Frings" title="Ketti Frings">Ketti Frings</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_MacLeish" title="Archibald MacLeish">Archibald MacLeish</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Weidman" title="Jerome Weidman">Jerome Weidman</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Bock" title="Jerry Bock">Jerry Bock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Harnick" title="Sheldon Harnick">Sheldon Harnick</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tad_Mosel" title="Tad Mosel">Tad Mosel</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Loesser" title="Frank Loesser">Frank Loesser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abe_Burrows" title="Abe Burrows">Abe Burrows</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_D._Gilroy" title="Frank D. Gilroy">Frank D. Gilroy</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Sackler" title="Howard Sackler">Howard Sackler</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gordone" title="Charles Gordone">Charles Gordone</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Zindel" title="Paul Zindel">Paul Zindel</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Miller_(playwright)" title="Jason Miller (playwright)">Jason Miller</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Dante" title="Nicholas Dante">Nicholas Dante</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Kirkwood_Jr." title="James Kirkwood Jr.">James Kirkwood Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kleban" title="Edward Kleban">Edward Kleban</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cristofer" title="Michael Cristofer">Michael Cristofer</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Coburn" title="Donald L. Coburn">Donald L. Coburn</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Shepard" title="Sam Shepard">Sam Shepard</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanford_Wilson" title="Lanford Wilson">Lanford Wilson</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Henley" title="Beth Henley">Beth Henley</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fuller" title="Charles Fuller">Charles Fuller</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Norman" title="Marsha Norman">Marsha Norman</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mamet" title="David Mamet">David Mamet</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lapine" title="James Lapine">James Lapine</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Wilson" title="August Wilson">August Wilson</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Uhry" title="Alfred Uhry">Alfred Uhry</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Wasserstein" title="Wendy Wasserstein">Wendy Wasserstein</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Wilson" title="August Wilson">August Wilson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Simon" title="Neil Simon">Neil Simon</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schenkkan" title="Robert Schenkkan">Robert Schenkkan</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Kushner" title="Tony Kushner">Tony Kushner</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Larson" title="Jonathan Larson">Jonathan Larson</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Vogel" title="Paula Vogel">Paula Vogel</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Edson" title="Margaret Edson">Margaret Edson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Margulies" title="Donald Margulies">Donald Margulies</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Auburn" title="David Auburn">David Auburn</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzan-Lori_Parks" title="Suzan-Lori Parks">Suzan-Lori Parks</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilo_Cruz" title="Nilo Cruz">Nilo Cruz</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Wright" title="Doug Wright">Doug Wright</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Shanley" title="John Patrick Shanley">John Patrick Shanley</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay-Abaire" title="David Lindsay-Abaire">David Lindsay-Abaire</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Letts" title="Tracy Letts">Tracy Letts</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Nottage" title="Lynn Nottage">Lynn Nottage</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kitt_(musician)" title="Tom Kitt (musician)">Tom Kitt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Yorkey" title="Brian Yorkey">Brian Yorkey</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Norris_(playwright)" title="Bruce Norris (playwright)">Bruce Norris</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiara_Alegr%C3%ADa_Hudes" title="Quiara Alegría Hudes">Quiara Alegría Hudes</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayad_Akhtar" title="Ayad Akhtar">Ayad Akhtar</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Baker" title="Annie Baker">Annie Baker</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Adly_Guirgis" title="Stephen Adly Guirgis">Stephen Adly Guirgis</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Nottage" title="Lynn Nottage">Lynn Nottage</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyna_Majok" title="Martyna Majok">Martyna Majok</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Sibblies_Drury" title="Jackie Sibblies Drury">Jackie Sibblies Drury</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_R._Jackson" title="Michael R. Jackson">Michael R. Jackson</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katori_Hall" title="Katori Hall">Katori Hall</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ijames" title="James Ijames">James Ijames</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaz_Toossi" title="Sanaz Toossi">Sanaz Toossi</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eboni_Booth" title="Eboni Booth">Eboni Booth</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Society_of_London_Theatre_Special_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #E0E0E0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:OlivierAward_SpecialAward" title="Template:OlivierAward SpecialAward"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:OlivierAward_SpecialAward" title="Template talk:OlivierAward SpecialAward"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:OlivierAward_SpecialAward" title="Special:EditPage/Template:OlivierAward SpecialAward"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Society_of_London_Theatre_Special_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_London_Theatre_Special_Award" title="Society of London Theatre Special Award">Society of London Theatre Special Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wintour" title="Charles Wintour">Charles Wintour</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Littlewood" title="Joan Littlewood">Joan Littlewood</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninette_de_Valois" title="Ninette de Valois">Ninette de Valois</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_MacMillan" title="Kenneth MacMillan">Kenneth MacMillan</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Wanamaker" title="Sam Wanamaker">Sam Wanamaker</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Harris" title="Margaret Harris">Margaret Harris</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Mirvish" title="Ed Mirvish">Ed Mirvish</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Mirvish" title="David Mirvish">David Mirvish</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hall_(director)" title="Peter Hall (director)">Peter Hall</a> (1999)</li> <li>Rupert Rhymes (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tomlinson_(bass)" title="John Tomlinson (bass)">John Tomlinson</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ayckbourn" title="Alan Ayckbourn">Alan Ayckbourn</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (2010)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Mason" title="Monica Mason">Monica Mason</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Frayn" title="Michael Frayn">Michael Frayn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Lynne" title="Gillian Lynne">Gillian Lynne</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hytner" title="Nicholas Hytner">Nicholas Hytner</a> & Nick Starr / <a href="/wiki/Michael_White_(producer)" title="Michael White (producer)">Michael White</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvie_Guillem" title="Sylvie Guillem">Sylvie Guillem</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lan" title="David Lan">David Lan</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bourne" title="Matthew Bourne">Matthew Bourne</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(lyricist)" title="Don Black (lyricist)">Don Black</a> / Jo Hawes / <a href="/wiki/Thelma_Holt" title="Thelma Holt">Thelma Holt</a> / Stephen Jameson / <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> / Sarah Preece / Peter Roberts (2020)</li> <li><s>(2021 Covid-19)</s></li> <li>Lisa Burger / Bob King / Gloria Louis / Susie Sainsbury / <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Young" title="Sylvia Young">Sylvia Young</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arlene_Phillips" title="Arlene Phillips">Arlene Phillips</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Special_Tony_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Special_Tony_Award" title="Template:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Special_Tony_Award" title="Template talk:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Special_Tony_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Special_Tony_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Special_Tony_Award" title="Special Tony Award">Special Tony Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1947–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Chamberlain" title="Dora Chamberlain">Dora Chamberlain</a> / Ira and Rita Katzenberg / <a href="/wiki/Jules_Leventhal" title="Jules Leventhal">Jules Leventhal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Burns_Mantle" title="Burns Mantle">Burns Mantle</a> / P. A. MacDonald / <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Sardi_Sr." title="Vincent Sardi Sr.">Vincent Sardi Sr.</a> (1947)</li> <li>Vera Allen / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Beisman" title="Paul Beisman">Paul Beisman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joe_E._Brown" title="Joe E. Brown">Joe E. Brown</a> / Cast of <a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest" title="The Importance of Being Earnest">The Importance of Being Earnest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Dowling" title="Robert W. Dowling">Robert W. Dowling</a> / Experimental Theatre Inc. / Rosalind Gilder / <a href="/wiki/June_Lockhart" title="June Lockhart">June Lockhart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Pierce_(backstage_doorman)" title="George Pierce (backstage doorman)">George Pierce</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Whitmore" title="James Whitmore">James Whitmore</a> (1948)</li> <li>No award (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Evans_(actor)" title="Maurice Evans (actor)">Maurice Evans</a> / Philip Faversham / <a href="/wiki/Brock_Pemberton" title="Brock Pemberton">Brock Pemberton</a> (1950)</li> <li>Ruth Green (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kook" title="Edward Kook">Edward Kook</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> / <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Lillie" title="Beatrice Lillie">Beatrice Lillie</a> (1953)</li> <li>No award (1954)</li> <li>Proscenium Productions (1955)</li> <li>Fourth Street Chekov Theatre / <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">City Center</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">The New York Public Library Theatre Collection</a> / The Shakespearewrights / <a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Shakespeare_Theatre" title="American Shakespeare Theatre">American Shakespeare Festival</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Barrault" title="Jean-Louis Barrault">Jean-Louis Barrault</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willie_Hammerstein" title="Willie Hammerstein">William Hammerstein</a> / Joseph Harbuck / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Shyre" title="Paul Shyre">Paul Shyre</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Heims_Beck" title="Louise Heims Beck">Mrs. Martin Beck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">New York Shakespeare Festival</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russel_Crouse" title="Russel Crouse">Russel Crouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Lindsay" title="Howard Lindsay">Howard Lindsay</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> / Cast of <a href="/wiki/La_Plume_de_Ma_Tante" title="La Plume de Ma Tante">La Plume de Ma Tante</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Meredith" title="Burgess Meredith">Burgess Meredith</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Thurber" title="James Thurber">James Thurber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_III" title="John D. Rockefeller III">John D. Rockefeller III</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild" title="Theatre Guild">The Theatre Guild</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Atkinson" title="Brooks Atkinson">Brooks Atkinson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Miller" title="Jonathan Miller">Jonathan Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._McNeil_Lowry" title="W. McNeil Lowry">W. McNeil Lowry</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Le_Gallienne" title="Eva Le Gallienne">Eva Le Gallienne</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Miller" title="Gilbert Miller">Gilbert Miller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smith_(designer)" title="Oliver Smith (designer)">Oliver Smith</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Menken" title="Helen Menken">Helen Menken</a> (1966)</li> <li>No award (1967)</li> <li>APA-Phoenix Theatre / <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Bailey" title="Pearl Bailey">Pearl Bailey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">The National Theatre Company of Great Britain</a> / The <a href="/wiki/Negro_Ensemble_Company" title="Negro Ensemble Company">Negro Ensemble Company</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Fontanne" title="Lynn Fontanne">Lynn Fontanne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lunt" title="Alfred Lunt">Alfred Lunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">New York Shakespeare Festival</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1970)</li> <li>Ingram Ash / <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Norton" title="Elliot Norton">Elliot Norton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Stevens" title="Roger L. Stevens">Roger L. Stevens</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild" title="Theatre Guild">The Theatre Guild</a>-American Theatre Society (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Community_Fund" title="Entertainment Community Fund">The Actors Fund of America</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Shubert_Organization" title="The Shubert Organization">Shubert Organization</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a> / <a href="/wiki/A_Moon_for_the_Misbegotten" title="A Moon for the Misbegotten">A Moon for the Misbegotten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Candide_(operetta)" title="Candide (operetta)">Candide</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> / Harold Friedlander / <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Development_Fund" title="Theatre Development Fund">Theatre Development Fund</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_F._Wharton_(lawyer)" title="John F. Wharton (lawyer)">John F. Wharton</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hirschfeld" title="Al Hirschfeld">Al Hirschfeld</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre" title="Circle in the Square Theatre">Circle in the Square Theatre</a> / Thomas H. Fitzgerald / <a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Pincus" title="Mathilde Pincus">Mathilde Pincus</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Crawford" title="Cheryl Crawford">Cheryl Crawford</a> / Equity Liberty Theatre / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_of_the_Deaf" title="National Theatre of the Deaf">National Theatre of the Deaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lily_Tomlin" title="Lily Tomlin">Lily Tomlin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stan_Dragoti" title="Stan Dragoti">Stan Dragoti</a> and Charles Moss (1978)</li> <li>Walter F. Diehl / <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Theater_Center" title="Eugene O'Neill Theater Center">Eugene O'Neill Memorial Theater Center</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> (1979)</li> <li>Richard Fitzgerald / <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore" title="Mary Tyler Moore">Mary Tyler Moore</a> / Hobe Morrison (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Community_Fund" title="Entertainment Community Fund">The Actors Fund of America</a> / <a href="/wiki/WarnerMedia" title="WarnerMedia">Warner Communications</a> (1982)</li> <li>No award (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Chorus_Line" title="A Chorus Line">A Chorus Line</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Feller" title="Peter Feller">Peter Feller</a> / La Tragedie de Carmen (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Council_on_the_Arts" title="New York State Council on the Arts">New York State Council on the Arts</a> (1985)</li> <li>No award (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Mason" title="Jackie Mason">Jackie Mason</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Academy_of_Music" title="Brooklyn Academy of Music">Brooklyn Academy of Music</a> (1988)</li> <li>No award (1989)</li> <li>No award (1990–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!" title="Oklahoma!">Oklahoma!</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> / Harvey Sabinson (1995)</li> <li>No award (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_B._Jacobs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard B. Jacobs">Bernard B. Jacobs</a> (1997)</li> <li>Edward E. Colton / Ben Edwards (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uta_Hagen" title="Uta Hagen">Uta Hagen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a> / Isabelle Stevenson (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dame_Edna_Everage#2000–2009" title="Dame Edna Everage">Dame Edna: The Royal Tour</a> / T. Edward Hambleton (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gemignani" title="Paul Gemignani">Paul Gemignani</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a> / Robert Whitehead (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cy_Feuer" title="Cy Feuer">Cy Feuer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russell_Simmons" title="Russell Simmons">Russell Simmons</a>' Def Poetry Jam on Broadway (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Nederlander" title="James M. Nederlander">James M. Nederlander</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Jones_(stage_actress)" title="Sarah Jones (stage actress)">Sarah Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (2006)</li> <li>No award (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ayckbourn" title="Alan Ayckbourn">Alan Ayckbourn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marian_Seldes" title="Marian Seldes">Marian Seldes</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athol_Fugard" title="Athol Fugard">Athol Fugard</a> / Philip J. Smith (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Jackman" title="Hugh Jackman">Hugh Jackman</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Gersten" title="Bernard Gersten">Bernard Gersten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ming_Cho_Lee" title="Ming Cho Lee">Ming Cho Lee</a> / Paul Libin (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Greenwood" title="Jane Greenwood">Jane Greenwood</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cameron_Mitchell" title="John Cameron Mitchell">John Cameron Mitchell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Harnick" title="Sheldon Harnick">Sheldon Harnick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marshall_W._Mason" title="Marshall W. Mason">Marshall W. Mason</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> / Miles Wilkin (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leguizamo" title="John Leguizamo">John Leguizamo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chita_Rivera" title="Chita Rivera">Chita Rivera</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Harris" title="Rosemary Harris">Rosemary Harris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marin_Mazzie" title="Marin Mazzie">Marin Mazzie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Terrence_McNally" title="Terrence McNally">Terrence McNally</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Tilders" title="Sonny Tilders">Sonny Tilders</a> and Creature Technology Company / Jason Michael Webb / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wheeler_(musician)" title="Harold Wheeler (musician)">Harold Wheeler</a> (2019)</li> <li>The Broadway Advocacy Coalition / <a href="/wiki/David_Byrne" title="David Byrne">David Byrne's</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Utopia_(film)" title="American Utopia (film)">American Utopia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_Love_Supreme" title="Freestyle Love Supreme">Freestyle Love Supreme</a> / <a href="/wiki/Graciela_Daniele" title="Graciela Daniele">Graciela Daniele</a> (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_C._Nicola" title="James C. Nicola">James C. Nicola</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Grey" title="Joel Grey">Joel Grey</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Edelman" title="Alex Edelman">Alex Edelman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abe_Jacob" title="Abe Jacob">Abe Jacob</a> / Nikiya Mathis / <a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Brien_(director)" title="Jack O'Brien (director)">Jack O'Brien</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_C._Wolfe" title="George C. Wolfe">George C. Wolfe</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tony_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TonyAward_MusicalScore" title="Template:TonyAward MusicalScore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TonyAward_MusicalScore" title="Template talk:TonyAward MusicalScore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward_MusicalScore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward MusicalScore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tony_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Tony Award for Best Original Score">Tony Award for Best Original Score</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;width:1%">1947–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_Scene_(opera)" title="Street Scene (opera)">Street Scene</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Kurt Weill</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Me,_Kate" title="Kiss Me, Kate">Kiss Me, Kate</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_(musical)" title="South Pacific (musical)">South Pacific</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Madam" title="Call Me Madam">Call Me Madam</a> by <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Strings" title="No Strings">No Strings</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver!" title="Oliver!">Oliver!</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Bart" title="Lionel Bart">Lionel Bart</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hello,_Dolly!_(musical)" title="Hello, Dolly! (musical)">Hello, Dolly!</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Bock" title="Jerry Bock">Jerry Bock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Harnick" title="Sheldon Harnick">Sheldon Harnick</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_La_Mancha" title="Man of La Mancha">Man of La Mancha</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Leigh" title="Mitch Leigh">Mitch Leigh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Darion" title="Joe Darion">Joe Darion</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabaret_(musical)" title="Cabaret (musical)">Cabaret</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Ebb" title="Fred Ebb">Fred Ebb</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah,_Baby!" title="Hallelujah, Baby!">Hallelujah, Baby!</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jule_Styne" title="Jule Styne">Jule Styne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Comden" title="Betty Comden">Betty Comden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Green" title="Adolph Green">Adolph Green</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_(musical)" title="Company (musical)">Company</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follies" title="Follies">Follies</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Little_Night_Music" title="A Little Night Music">A Little Night Music</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigi_(musical)" title="Gigi (musical)">Gigi</a> by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Loewe" title="Frederick Loewe">Frederick Loewe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Lerner" title="Alan Jay Lerner">Alan Jay Lerner</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wiz" title="The Wiz">The Wiz</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Smalls" title="Charlie Smalls">Charlie Smalls</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Chorus_Line" title="A Chorus Line">A Chorus Line</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kleban" title="Edward Kleban">Edward Kleban</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_(musical)" title="Annie (musical)">Annie</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Strouse" title="Charles Strouse">Charles Strouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Charnin" title="Martin Charnin">Martin Charnin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Twentieth_Century" title="On the Twentieth Century">On the Twentieth Century</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cy_Coleman" title="Cy Coleman">Cy Coleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Comden" title="Betty Comden">Betty Comden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Green" title="Adolph Green">Adolph Green</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street">Sweeney Todd</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evita_(musical)" title="Evita (musical)">Evita</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_of_the_Year_(musical)" title="Woman of the Year (musical)">Woman of the Year</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Ebb" title="Fred Ebb">Fred Ebb</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_(musical)" title="Nine (musical)">Nine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Maury_Yeston" title="Maury Yeston">Maury Yeston</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_(musical)" title="Cats (musical)">Cats</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> and <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cage_aux_Folles_(musical)" title="La Cage aux Folles (musical)">La Cage aux Folles</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_River_(musical)" title="Big River (musical)">Big River</a> by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Miller" title="Roger Miller">Roger Miller</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Edwin_Drood_(musical)" title="The Mystery of Edwin Drood (musical)">The Mystery of Edwin Drood</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Holmes" title="Rupert Holmes">Rupert Holmes</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables_(musical)" title="Les Misérables (musical)">Les Misérables</a> by <a href="/wiki/Claude-Michel_Sch%C3%B6nberg" title="Claude-Michel Schönberg">Claude-Michel Schönberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kretzmer" title="Herbert Kretzmer">Herbert Kretzmer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alain_Boublil" title="Alain Boublil">Alain Boublil</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods" title="Into the Woods">Into the Woods</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1988)</li> <li>No Award (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Angels_(musical)" title="City of Angels (musical)">City of Angels</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cy_Coleman" title="Cy Coleman">Cy Coleman</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Zippel" title="David Zippel">David Zippel</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Will_Rogers_Follies" title="The Will Rogers Follies">The Will Rogers Follies</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cy_Coleman" title="Cy Coleman">Cy Coleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Comden" title="Betty Comden">Betty Comden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Green" title="Adolph Green">Adolph Green</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsettos" title="Falsettos">Falsettos</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Finn" title="William Finn">William Finn</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_the_Spider_Woman_(musical)" title="Kiss of the Spider Woman (musical)">Kiss of the Spider Woman</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Ebb" title="Fred Ebb">Fred Ebb</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Who%27s_Tommy" title="The Who's Tommy">The Who's Tommy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pete_Townshend" title="Pete Townshend">Pete Townshend</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_(musical)" title="Passion (musical)">Passion</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(musical)" title="Sunset Boulevard (musical)">Sunset Boulevard</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(lyricist)" title="Don Black (lyricist)">Don Black</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hampton" title="Christopher Hampton">Christopher Hampton</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_(musical)" title="Rent (musical)">Rent</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Larson" title="Jonathan Larson">Jonathan Larson</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(musical)" title="Titanic (musical)">Titanic</a> by <a href="/wiki/Maury_Yeston" title="Maury Yeston">Maury Yeston</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime_(musical)" title="Ragtime (musical)">Ragtime</a> by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Flaherty" title="Stephen Flaherty">Stephen Flaherty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Ahrens" title="Lynn Ahrens">Lynn Ahrens</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parade_(musical)" title="Parade (musical)">Parade</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Robert_Brown" title="Jason Robert Brown">Jason Robert Brown</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aida_(musical)" title="Aida (musical)">Aida</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Producers_(musical)" title="The Producers (musical)">The Producers</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinetown" title="Urinetown">Urinetown</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hollmann" title="Mark Hollmann">Mark Hollmann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greg_Kotis" title="Greg Kotis">Greg Kotis</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairspray_(musical)" title="Hairspray (musical)">Hairspray</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marc_Shaiman" title="Marc Shaiman">Marc Shaiman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Wittman" title="Scott Wittman">Scott Wittman</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_Q" title="Avenue Q">Avenue Q</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Marx" title="Jeff Marx">Jeff Marx</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_in_the_Piazza_(musical)" title="The Light in the Piazza (musical)">The Light in the Piazza</a> by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Guettel" title="Adam Guettel">Adam Guettel</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Drowsy_Chaperone" title="The Drowsy Chaperone">The Drowsy Chaperone</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Lambert" title="Lisa Lambert">Lisa Lambert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greg_Morrison" title="Greg Morrison">Greg Morrison</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Awakening_(musical)" title="Spring Awakening (musical)">Spring Awakening</a> by <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Sheik" title="Duncan Sheik">Duncan Sheik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Sater" title="Steven Sater">Steven Sater</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Heights" title="In the Heights">In the Heights</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_to_Normal" title="Next to Normal">Next to Normal</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kitt_(musician)" title="Tom Kitt (musician)">Tom Kitt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Yorkey" title="Brian Yorkey">Brian Yorkey</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_(musical)" title="Memphis (musical)">Memphis</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Bryan" title="David Bryan">David Bryan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_DiPietro" title="Joe DiPietro">Joe DiPietro</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Mormon_(musical)" title="The Book of Mormon (musical)">The Book of Mormon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Trey_Parker" title="Trey Parker">Trey Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matt_Stone" title="Matt Stone">Matt Stone</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsies_(musical)" title="Newsies (musical)">Newsies</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Feldman_(songwriter)" title="Jack Feldman (songwriter)">Jack Feldman</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinky_Boots_(musical)" title="Kinky Boots (musical)">Kinky Boots</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper" title="Cyndi Lauper">Cyndi Lauper</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridges_of_Madison_County_(musical)" title="The Bridges of Madison County (musical)">The Bridges of Madison County</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Robert_Brown" title="Jason Robert Brown">Jason Robert Brown</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fun_Home_(musical)" title="Fun Home (musical)">Fun Home</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Tesori" title="Jeanine Tesori">Jeanine Tesori</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Kron" title="Lisa Kron">Lisa Kron</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Evan_Hansen" title="Dear Evan Hansen">Dear Evan Hansen</a> by <a href="/wiki/Benj_Pasek" title="Benj Pasek">Benj Pasek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Paul" title="Justin Paul">Justin Paul</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Band%27s_Visit_(musical)" title="The Band's Visit (musical)">The Band's Visit</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Yazbek" title="David Yazbek">David Yazbek</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadestown" title="Hadestown">Hadestown</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ana%C3%AFs_Mitchell" title="Anaïs Mitchell">Anaïs Mitchell</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol_(2017_play)" title="A Christmas Carol (2017 play)">A Christmas Carol</a> by Christopher Nightingale (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_(musical)" title="Six (musical)">Six</a> by <a href="/wiki/Toby_Marlow" title="Toby Marlow">Toby Marlow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Moss" title="Lucy Moss">Lucy Moss</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_Akimbo_(musical)" title="Kimberly Akimbo (musical)">Kimberly Akimbo</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Tesori" title="Jeanine Tesori">Jeanine Tesori</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay-Abaire" title="David Lindsay-Abaire">David Lindsay-Abaire</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffs" title="Suffs">Suffs</a> by <a href="/wiki/Shaina_Taub" title="Shaina Taub">Shaina Taub</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_Screenplay" title="Template:Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_Screenplay" title="Template talk:Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_Screenplay_winners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay winners">Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Paxton" title="John Paxton">John Paxton</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Veiller" title="Anthony Veiller">Anthony Veiller</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paxton" title="John Paxton">John Paxton</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Cady" title="Jerome Cady">Jerome Cady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Dratler" title="Jay Dratler">Jay Dratler</a>, Leonard Hoffman, and <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Reynolds" title="Quentin Reynolds">Quentin Reynolds</a> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Dinelli" title="Mel Dinelli">Mel Dinelli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Woolrich" title="Cornell Woolrich">Cornell Woolrich</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Maddow" title="Ben Maddow">Ben Maddow</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(writer)" title="Michael Wilson (writer)">Michael Wilson</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(writer)" title="Michael Wilson (writer)">Michael Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otto_Lang_(film_producer)" title="Otto Lang (film producer)">Otto Lang</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Boehm" title="Sydney Boehm">Sydney Boehm</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Hayes" title="John Michael Hayes">John Michael Hayes</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hayes_(author)" title="Joseph Hayes (author)">Joseph Hayes</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Rose" title="Reginald Rose">Reginald Rose</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedrick_Young" title="Nedrick Young">Nathan E. Douglas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Jacob_Smith" title="Harold Jacob Smith">Harold Jacob Smith</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stefano" title="Joseph Stefano">Joseph Stefano</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Archibald_(playwright)" title="William Archibald (playwright)">William Archibald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Truman_Capote" title="Truman Capote">Truman Capote</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Stone_(writer)" title="Peter Stone (writer)">Peter Stone</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Farrell" title="Henry Farrell">Henry Farrell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lukas_Heller" title="Lukas Heller">Lukas Heller</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dehn" title="Paul Dehn">Paul Dehn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guy_Trosper" title="Guy Trosper">Guy Trosper</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_Silliphant" title="Stirling Silliphant">Stirling Silliphant</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Kleiner" title="Harry Kleiner">Harry Kleiner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Trustman" title="Alan Trustman">Alan Trustman</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costa-Gavras" title="Costa-Gavras">Costa Gavras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Sempr%C3%BAn" title="Jorge Semprún">Jorge Semprún</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elio_Petri" title="Elio Petri">Elio Petri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ugo_Pirro" title="Ugo Pirro">Ugo Pirro</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Tidyman" title="Ernest Tidyman">Ernest Tidyman</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shaffer_(writer)" title="Anthony Shaffer (writer)">Anthony Shaffer</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Perkins" title="Anthony Perkins">Anthony Perkins</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne">Robert Towne</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rayfiel" title="David Rayfiel">David Rayfiel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Semple_Jr." title="Lorenzo Semple Jr.">Lorenzo Semple, Jr.</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wambaugh" title="Joseph Wambaugh">Joseph Wambaugh</a> (1981)</li> <li>Jeffrey Alan Fiskin (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrie_Keeffe" title="Barrie Keeffe">Barrie Keeffe</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Potter" title="Dennis Potter">Dennis Potter</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fuller" title="Charles Fuller">Charles Fuller</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kelley_(screenwriter)" title="William Kelley (screenwriter)">William Kelley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Wallace" title="Earl W. Wallace">Earl W. Wallace</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Max_Frye" title="E. Max Frye">E. Max Frye</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Kouf" title="Jim Kouf">Jim Kouf</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errol_Morris" title="Errol Morris">Errol Morris</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Waters_(screenwriter)" title="Daniel Waters (screenwriter)">Daniel Waters</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Westlake" title="Donald E. Westlake">Donald E. Westlake</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Tally" title="Ted Tally">Ted Tally</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tolkin" title="Michael Tolkin">Michael Tolkin</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebbe_Roe_Smith" title="Ebbe Roe Smith">Ebbe Roe Smith</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_McQuarrie" title="Christopher McQuarrie">Christopher McQuarrie</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Bob_Thornton" title="Billy Bob Thornton">Billy Bob Thornton</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Helgeland" title="Brian Helgeland">Brian Helgeland</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Frank" title="Scott Frank">Scott Frank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elmore_Leonard" title="Elmore Leonard">Elmore Leonard</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Ritchie" title="Guy Ritchie">Guy Ritchie</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaghan" title="Stephen Gaghan">Stephen Gaghan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Moore_(writer)" title="Simon Moore (writer)">Simon Moore</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Condon" title="Bill Condon">Bill Condon</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Knight" title="Steven Knight">Steven Knight</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Jeunet" title="Jean-Pierre Jeunet">Jean-Pierre Jeunet</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Japrisot" title="Sébastien Japrisot">Sébastien Japrisot</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaghan" title="Stephen Gaghan">Stephen Gaghan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Baer" title="Robert Baer">Robert Baer</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Monahan" title="William Monahan">William Monahan</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Gilroy" title="Tony Gilroy">Tony Gilroy</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McDonagh" title="Martin McDonagh">Martin McDonagh</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arthur_Laurents,_Leonard_Bernstein_and_Stephen_Sondheim&#039;s_West_Side_Story_(1957)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:West_Side_Story" title="Template:West Side Story"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:West_Side_Story" title="Template talk:West Side Story"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:West_Side_Story" title="Special:EditPage/Template:West Side Story"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arthur_Laurents,_Leonard_Bernstein_and_Stephen_Sondheim&#039;s_West_Side_Story_(1957)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents">Arthur Laurents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stephen Sondheim</a>'s <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a> (1957)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inspiration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_Dances_from_West_Side_Story" title="Symphonic Dances from West Side Story">Symphonic Dances from West Side Story</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">West Side Story</a> (1961 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_Suite" title="West Side Story Suite">West Side Story Suite</a> (1995 ballet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(2021_film)" title="West Side Story (2021 film)">West Side Story</a> (2021 film) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_West_Side_Story_(2021_film)" title="List of accolades received by West Side Story (2021 film)">accolades</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swango_(musical)" title="Swango (musical)">Swango</a> (2002 musical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bank_Story" title="West Bank Story">West Bank Story</a> (2005 parody film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Act 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Something%27s_Coming_(song)" title="Something's Coming (song)">Something's Coming</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Maria_(West_Side_Story_song)" title="Maria (West Side Story song)">Maria</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tonight_(West_Side_Story_song)" title="Tonight (West Side Story song)">Tonight</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/America_(West_Side_Story_song)" title="America (West Side Story song)">America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cool_(West_Side_Story_song)" title="Cool (West Side Story song)">Cool</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Hand,_One_Heart" title="One Hand, One Heart">One Hand, One Heart</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tonight_Quintet" title="Tonight Quintet">Tonight (Quintet & Chorus)</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Act 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Feel_Pretty" title="I Feel Pretty">I Feel Pretty</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somewhere_(song)" title="Somewhere (song)">Somewhere</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gee,_Officer_Krupke" title="Gee, Officer Krupke">Gee, Officer Krupke</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Boy_Like_That" title="A Boy Like That">A Boy like That</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(Original_Broadway_Cast)" title="West Side Story (Original Broadway Cast)">West Side Story</a> (1957 original cast)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(Andr%C3%A9_Previn_album)" title="West Side Story (André Previn album)">West Side Story</a> (1959 Previn)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_soundtrack)" title="West Side Story (1961 soundtrack)">West Side Story</a> (1961 soundtrack)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(Cal_Tjader_album)" title="West Side Story (Cal Tjader album)">West Side Story</a> (1961 Tjader)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernstein_Plays_Brubeck_Plays_Bernstein" title="Bernstein Plays Brubeck Plays Bernstein">Bernstein Plays Brubeck Plays Bernstein</a> (1961 Brubeck Quartet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(Oscar_Peterson_Trio_album)" title="West Side Story (Oscar Peterson Trio album)">West Side Story</a> (1962 Peterson Trio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenton%27s_West_Side_Story" title="Kenton's West Side Story">Kenton's West Side Story</a> (1962 Kenton)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiko%E2%80%93Mariano_Quartet_(in_West_Side)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toshiko–Mariano Quartet (in West Side)">Toshiko–Mariano Quartet (in West Side)</a> (1963 Akiyoshi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(Earl_Hines_album)" title="West Side Story (Earl Hines album)">West Side Story</a> (1974 Earl Hines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(2021_soundtrack)" title="West Side Story (2021 soundtrack)">West Side Story</a> (2021 soundtrack)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_First_Time_(Glee)" title="The First Time (Glee)">The First Time</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side_Story" title="Upper West Side Story">Upper West Side Story</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Side_Story" title="Wild Side Story">Wild Side Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Girl_(1987_film)" title="China Girl (1987 film)">China Girl</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Roses_(Outkast_song)" title="Roses (Outkast song)">Roses</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_(2000_film)" title="Josh (2000 film)">Josh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superjail!" title="Superjail!">Superjail!</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/La_Borinque%C3%B1a" title="La Borinqueña">La Borinqueña</a>" (used in 2021 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153579#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153579#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153579#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120968578">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/111162547">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/39082/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfmvGHKYHvmWcTvvbJxDq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119279207">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79077369">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138999203">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138999203">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001200303">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV088425">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35512554">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002159332&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1111484">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/280512">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073267953">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90519329">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000047551&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000063722&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=269193">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201634675">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810617095805606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007268483705171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000200595">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515017006706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14664467">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04557024?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500335183">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/bcd6af9f-afa8-43fd-b1be-acbbbb2f7dc7">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brahms.ircam.fr/stephen-sondheim">BRAHMS</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/stephen-sondheim/12557">Grammy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/980138">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119279207.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119279207">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/067179886">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6fc5tw4">SNAC</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6n8785p">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&oldid=1258129918">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sondheim&oldid=1258129918</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ttbpv","wgBackendResponseTime":155,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.395","walltime":"2.856","ppvisitednodes":{"value":29924,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":794602,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":154413,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":842797,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2227.567 1 -total"," 42.85% 954.501 2 Template:Reflist"," 16.05% 357.496 89 Template:Cite_web"," 12.87% 286.644 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 9.61% 214.039 56 Template:Cite_news"," 7.28% 162.078 48 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