UC Riverside | University of California, Riverside

<!doctype html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# " class="no-js"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.ucr.edu/","20231001065301","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1696143181"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"601346884",accountID:"3627807",trustKey:"66686",xpid:"VwAFVl5TDxACU1ZbBgkBV1A=",licenseKey:"NRJS-0de623aba108f996302",applicationID:"277918614"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.242.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,r={234:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P_:()=>g,Mt:()=>v,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>w,OP:()=>S,lF:()=>N,Yu:()=>x,Dg:()=>m,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>A,sU:()=>j});var n=r(8632),i=r(9567);const o={beacon:n.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:n.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,n.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}const u=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var d=r(7056),l=r(50);const f=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:d.oD,inactiveMs:d.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1,autoStart:!0},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampling_rate:50,error_sampling_rate:50,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){u(t)?e.mask_selector=t+",[data-nr-mask]":null===t?e.mask_selector=t:(0,l.Z)("An invalid session_replay.mask_selector was provided and will not be used",t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){u(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,l.Z)("An invalid session_replay.block_selector was provided and will not be used",t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,l.Z)("An invalid session_replay.mask_input_option was provided and will not be used",t)}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0}}},h={},p="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(p);if(!h[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return h[e]}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);h[e]=(0,i.D)(t,f()),(0,n.Qy)(e,h[e],"config")}function v(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}const b={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},y={};function w(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!y[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return y[e]}function A(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");y[e]=(0,i.D)(t,b),(0,n.Qy)(e,y[e],"loader_config")}const x=(0,n.mF)().o;var E=r(385),_=r(6818);const T={buildEnv:_.Re,customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,distMethod:_.gF,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,offset:Math.floor(E._A?.performance?.timeOrigin||E._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart||Date.now()),onerror:void 0,origin:""+E._A.location,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},session:void 0,xhrWrappable:"function"==typeof E._A.XMLHttpRequest?.prototype?.addEventListener,version:_.q4,denyList:void 0},D={};function S(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!D[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return D[e]}function j(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");D[e]=(0,i.D)(t,T),(0,n.Qy)(e,D[e],"runtime")}function N(e){return function(e){try{const t=s(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}(e)}},9567:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>n});const n="1.242.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{FN:()=>s,IF:()=>d,Nk:()=>f,Tt:()=>c,_A:()=>o,cv:()=>h,iS:()=>a,il:()=>n,ux:()=>u,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>l});const n="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=n?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=Boolean("hidden"===o?.document?.visibilityState),s=""+o?.location,c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(o.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=(()=>{const e=o.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),l=Boolean(n&&window.document.documentMode),f=!!o.navigator?.sendBeacon,h=Math.floor(o?.performance?.timeOrigin||o?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart||Date.now())},1117:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(8325),i=r(1284),o=r(4322),a=r(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=[...s[e]];function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u<s.length;++u)l(s[u],c);(0,i.D)(c,(function(e,t){(0,i.D)(t,(function(t,r){r[0].on(e,r[1])}))}))}delete a[t],r.backlog[t]=null,r.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}r.every((e=>{let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((t=>{let[r]=t;s[e].delete(r),a(r)})))}function l(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},8325:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{A:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(8632),i=r(2210),o=r(234);class a{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}var s=r(3117);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.a),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},f=!1;try{f=16===r.length&&(0,o.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var h={on:g,addEventListener:g,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=p(n),c=m(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var f=b()[s[e]];f&&f.push([h,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:m,context:p,buffer:function(e,t){const r=b();if(t=t||"feature",h.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((e=>{let[n,i]=e;s[i]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:l,aborted:!1,isBuffering:function(e){return!!b()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:f?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return h;function p(e){return e&&e instanceof a?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,c,(()=>new a(c))):new a(c)}function g(e,t){n[e]=m(e).concat(t)}function m(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(h,t)}function b(){return h.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.fP)();function l(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}d.ee||(d.ee=u)},5546:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{E:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(8325).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4322:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(5546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}},3117:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{a:()=>n});const n=(0,r(4402).Rl)()},4402:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Ht:()=>u,M:()=>c,Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var n=r(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++r).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,++i).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},7056:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Bq:()=>n,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const n="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},7894:(e,t,r)=>{function n(){return Math.round(performance.now())}r.d(t,{z:()=>n})},7243:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{e:()=>o});var n=r(385),i={};function o(e){if(e in i)return i[e];if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};let t;var r=n._A?.location,o={};if(n.il)t=document.createElement("a"),t.href=e;else try{t=new URL(e,r.href)}catch(e){return o}o.port=t.port;var a=t.href.split("://");!o.port&&a[1]&&(o.port=a[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===a[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=t.hostname||r.hostname,o.pathname=t.pathname,o.protocol=a[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var s=!t.protocol||":"===t.protocol||t.protocol===r.protocol,c=t.hostname===r.hostname&&t.port===r.port;return o.sameOrigin=s&&(!t.hostname||c),"/"===o.pathname&&(i[e]=o),o}},50:(e,t,r)=>{function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},2587:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>u});var n=r(8325),i=r(5546),o=r(3325);const a={stn:[o.D.sessionTrace],err:[o.D.jserrors,o.D.metrics],ins:[o.D.pageAction],spa:[o.D.spa],sr:[o.D.sessionReplay,o.D.sessionTrace]},s=new Set;function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(s.has(t)||Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;a[t]?a[t].forEach((e=>{n?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,r):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,r),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(n)],void 0,e,r)})):n&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,r),u[t]=Boolean(n)})),Object.keys(a).forEach((e=>{void 0===u[e]&&(a[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,r))),u[e]=!1)})),s.add(t))}const u={}},2210:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n});const n=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[r,n]=e;return t(r,n)}))},4351:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P:()=>o});var n=r(8325);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(7894),i=r(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},7956:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>i});var n=r(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},1214:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{em:()=>b,u5:()=>S,QU:()=>C,_L:()=>I,Gm:()=>H,Lg:()=>L,BV:()=>G,Kf:()=>K});var n=r(8325),i=r(3117);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.a);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&e instanceof Function&&e.apply&&!e[o])}var l=r(2210),f=r(385);const h={},p=f._A.XMLHttpRequest,g="addEventListener",m="removeEventListener",v="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.A);function b(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(h[t.debugId]++)return t;h[t.debugId]=1;var r=c(t,!0);function i(e){r.inPlace(e,[g,m],"-",o)}function o(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(f.il&&y(document,i),y(f._A,i),y(p.prototype,i)),t.on(g+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,l.X)(n,v,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(m+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function y(e,t){let r=e;for(;"object"==typeof r&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,g);)r=Object.getPrototypeOf(r);for(var n=arguments.length,i=new Array(n>2?n-2:0),o=2;o<n;o++)i[o-2]=arguments[o];r&&t(r,...i)}var w="fetch-",A=w+"body-",x=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],E=f._A.Request,_=f._A.Response,T="prototype";const D={};function S(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(E&&_&&f._A.fetch))return t;if(D[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,i){var o=e[r];"function"==typeof o&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],a={};t.emit(i+"before-start",[r],a),a[n.A]&&a[n.A].dt&&(e=a[n.A].dt);var s=o.apply(this,r);return t.emit(i+"start",[r,e],s),s.then((function(e){return t.emit(i+"end",[null,e],s),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(i+"end",[e],s),e}))})}return D[t.debugId]=1,x.forEach((e=>{r(E[T],e,A),r(_[T],e,A)})),r(f._A,"fetch",w),t.on(w+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(w+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(w+"done",[e],n)})),t}const j={},N=["pushState","replaceState"];function C(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("history")}(e);return!f.il||j[t.debugId]++||(j[t.debugId]=1,c(t).inPlace(window.history,N,"-")),t}var O=r(3239);const P={},R=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function I(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!f.il||P[t.debugId])return t;P[t.debugId]=!0;var r=c(t),i=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,o=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,a=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function s(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(a),n=r[1];return s(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,R,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var n=(a=e.src,c=a.match(i),c?c[1]:null);var a,c;if(!n)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(o);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:s(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(n);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,O.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,O.m$)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,O.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,O.m$)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,O.m$)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,O.m$)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const k={};function H(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!f.il||k[t.debugId])return t;k[t.debugId]=!0;var r=c(t),i=f._A.MutationObserver;return i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof i?new i(r(e,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype),t}const z={};function L(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(z[t.debugId])return t;z[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,i=c(t),a=f._A.Promise;return a&&function(){function e(r){var n=t.context(),o=i(r,"executor-",n,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(a,[o],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return n},s}f._A.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return a.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=a.prototype;const n=a.prototype.then;a.prototype.then=function(){var e=this,o=r(e);o.promise=e;for(var a=arguments.length,s=new Array(a),c=0;c<a;c++)s[c]=arguments[c];s[0]=i(s[0],"cb-",o,null,!1),s[1]=i(s[1],"cb-",o,null,!1);const u=n.apply(this,s);return o.nextPromise=u,t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],u,!1,!1),u},a.prototype.then[o]=n,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=i(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=i(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const M={},B="setTimeout",F="setInterval",U="clearTimeout",Z="-start",V="-",q=[B,"setImmediate",F,U,"clearImmediate"];function G(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(M[t.debugId]++)return t;M[t.debugId]=1;var r=c(t);return r.inPlace(f._A,q.slice(0,2),B+V),r.inPlace(f._A,q.slice(2,3),F+V),r.inPlace(f._A,q.slice(3),U+V),t.on(F+Z,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(B+Z,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}var W=r(50);const X={},Q=["open","send"];function K(e){var t=e||n.ee;const r=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("xhr")}(t);if(X[r.debugId]++)return r;X[r.debugId]=1,b(t);var i=c(r),o=f._A.XMLHttpRequest,a=f._A.MutationObserver,s=f._A.Promise,u=f._A.setInterval,d="readystatechange",l=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],h=[],p=f._A.XMLHttpRequest=function(e){const t=new o(e),n=r.context(t);try{r.emit("new-xhr",[t],n),t.addEventListener(d,(a=n,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!a.resolved&&(a.resolved=!0,r.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,l,"fn-",A)}),(0,O.m$)(!1))}catch(e){(0,W.Z)("An error occurred while intercepting XHR",e);try{r.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}var a;return t};function g(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",A)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,p),p.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(p.prototype,Q,"-xhr-",A),r.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){g(e,t),function(e){h.push(e),a&&(m?m.then(w):u?u(w):(v=-v,y.data=v))}(t)})),r.on("open-xhr-start",g),a){var m=s&&s.resolve();if(!u&&!s){var v=1,y=document.createTextNode(v);new a(w).observe(y,{characterData:!0})}}else t.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||w()}));function w(){for(var e=0;e<h.length;e++)g(0,h[e]);h.length&&(h=[])}function A(e,t){return t}return r}},7825:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.ajax},6660:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.jserrors},3081:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},4649:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageAction},7633:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewEvent},9251:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewTiming},7144:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.sessionReplay},3614:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BST_RESOURCE:()=>i,END:()=>s,FEATURE_NAME:()=>n,FN_END:()=>u,FN_START:()=>c,PUSH_STATE:()=>d,RESOURCE:()=>o,START:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState"},7836:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BODY:()=>x,CB_END:()=>E,CB_START:()=>u,END:()=>A,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FETCH:()=>T,FETCH_BODY:()=>v,FETCH_DONE:()=>m,FETCH_START:()=>g,FN_END:()=>c,FN_START:()=>s,INTERACTION:()=>f,INTERACTION_API:()=>d,INTERACTION_EVENTS:()=>o,JSONP_END:()=>b,JSONP_NODE:()=>p,JS_TIME:()=>_,MAX_TIMER_BUDGET:()=>a,REMAINING:()=>l,SPA_NODE:()=>h,START:()=>w,originalSetTimeout:()=>y});var n=r(234);const i=r(3325).D.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=n.Yu.ST,w="-start",A="-end",x="-body",E="cb"+A,_="jsTime",T="fetch"},5938:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(234),i=r(8325);class o{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1}}},7530:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{j:()=>b});var n=r(3325),i=r(234),o=r(5546),a=r(8325),s=r(7894),c=r(8e3),u=r(3960),d=r(385),l=r(50),f=r(3081),h=r(8632);function p(){const e=(0,h.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i<r;i++)n[i]=arguments[i];return function(t){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r>1?r-1:0),i=1;i<r;i++)n[i-1]=arguments[i];let o=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...n))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...n)}}))}var g=r(2587);const m=e=>{r.p=e};let v=!1;function b(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},b=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,y=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:w,info:A,loader_config:x,runtime:E={loaderType:b},exposed:_=!0}=t;const T=(0,h.gG)();A||(w=T.init,A=T.info,x=T.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,w||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,x||{}),A.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(A.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,A);const D=(0,i.P_)(e),S=[A.beacon,A.errorBeacon];v||(v=!0,D.proxy.assets&&(m(D.proxy.assets+"/"),S.push(D.proxy.assets)),D.proxy.beacon&&S.push(D.proxy.beacon)),E.denyList=[...D.ajax.deny_list||[],...D.ajax.block_internal?S:[]],(0,i.sU)(e,E),p();const j=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const h={};var p=a.ee.get(e),g=p.get("tracer"),m="api-",v=m+"ixn-";function b(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),A(m,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>{h[e]=A(m,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=A(m,"addPageAction",!0,n.D.pageAction),h.setCurrentRouteName=A(m,"routeName",!0,n.D.spa),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/http://custom.transaction")+t,A(m,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of <".concat(typeof t,"> was provided."))}else(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of <".concat(typeof e,"> was provided."))},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of <".concat(typeof e,"> was provided."))},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setApplicationVersion. Expected <String | null>, but got <".concat(typeof e,">."))},h.start=e=>{try{const t=e?"defined":"undefined";(0,o.p)(f.xS,["API/start/".concat(t,"/called")],void 0,n.D.metrics,p);const r=Object.values(n.D);if(void 0===e)e=r;else{if((e=Array.isArray(e)&&e.length?e:[e]).some((e=>!r.includes(e))))return(0,l.Z)("Invalid feature name supplied. Acceptable feature names are: ".concat(r));e.includes(n.D.pageViewEvent)||e.push(n.D.pageViewEvent)}e.forEach((e=>{p.emit("".concat(e,"-opt-in"))}))}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("An unexpected issue occurred",e)}},h.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(v+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,r],i,n.D.spa,p),function(){if(g.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],r),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw g.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,e],r),e}finally{g.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],r)}}}};function A(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(f.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,p),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,p),r?void 0:this}}function x(){r.e(111).then(r.bind(r,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,l.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=A(v,e,void 0,n.D.spa)})),h.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(f.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,p),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,n.D.jserrors,p)},d.il?(0,u.b)((()=>x()),!0):x(),h}(e,y);return(0,h.Qy)(e,j,"api"),(0,h.Qy)(e,_,"exposed"),(0,h.EZ)("activatedFeatures",g.T),j}},3325:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({111:"nr-spa",164:"nr-spa-compressor",433:"nr-spa-recorder"}[e]+"-1.242.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.242.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}s||(c=!0,(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r),e[r]=[n];var f=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(h);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},h=setTimeout(f.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=f.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=f.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={801:0,92:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.242.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.242.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{var e=i(50);class t{addPageAction(t,r){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addPageAction failed. The session trace feature is not currently initialized.")}setPageViewName(t,r){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setPageViewName failed. The page view feature is not currently initialized.")}setCustomAttribute(t,r,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setCustomAttribute failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}noticeError(t,r){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api noticeError failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}setUserId(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setUserId failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}setApplicationVersion(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setApplicationVersion failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}setErrorHandler(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setErrorHandler failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}finished(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api finished failed. The page action feature is not currently initialized.")}addRelease(t,r){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addRelease failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}start(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addRelease failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}}var r=i(3325),n=i(234);const o=Object.values(r.D);function a(e){const t={};return o.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!1!==(0,n.Mt)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var s=i(7530);var c=i(8e3),u=i(5938),d=i(3960),l=i(385);class f extends u.W{constructor(e,t,r){let i=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.auto=i,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===(0,n.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"".concat(this.featureName,".autoStart"))&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto&&(0,c.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate)return;if(!this.auto)return void this.ee.on("".concat(this.featureName,"-opt-in"),(()=>{(0,c.R)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator()}));const r=l.il&&!0===(0,n.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let o;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{o=e}));const a=async()=>{let n;try{if(r){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(111).then(i.bind(i,3228));n=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",t)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,n))return(0,c.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void o(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(111).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:r}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new r(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,t),o(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,c.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),o(!1)}};l.il?(0,d.b)((()=>a()),!0):a()}shouldImportAgg(e,t){return e!==r.D.sessionReplay||!!n.Yu.MO&&(!1!==(0,n.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!t?.isNew||!!t?.state.sessionReplay))}}var h=i(7633);class p extends f{static featureName=h.t;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,h.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}var g=i(1117),m=i(1284);class v extends g.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,m.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=b(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,m.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=b(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=y(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=b(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i<e.length;i++)t[r=e[i]]=w(this.aggregatedData[r]),t[r].length&&(n=!0),delete this.aggregatedData[r];return n?t:null}}function b(e,t){return null==e?function(e){e?e.c++:e={c:1};return e}(t):t?(t.c||(t=y(t.t)),t.c+=1,t.t+=e,t.sos+=e*e,e>t.max&&(t.max=e),e<t.min&&(t.min=e),t):{t:e}}function y(e){return{t:e,min:e,max:e,sos:e*e,c:1}}function w(e){return"object"!=typeof e?[]:(0,m.D)(e,A)}function A(e,t){return t}var x=i(8632),E=i(4402),_=i(4351);var T=i(5546),D=i(7956),S=i(3239),j=i(7894),N=i(9251);class C extends f{static featureName=N.t;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,N.t,r),l.il&&((0,D.N)((()=>(0,T.p)("docHidden",[(0,j.z)()],void 0,N.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,S.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,T.p)("winPagehide",[(0,j.z)()],void 0,N.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var O=i(3081);class P extends f{static featureName=O.t9;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,O.t9,r),this.importAggregator()}}var R=i(6660);class I{constructor(e,t,r,n){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message=e,this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n}}class k extends f{static featureName=R.t;#e=new Set;constructor(e,t){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,R.t,n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("fn-err",((e,t,n)=>{this.abortHandler&&!this.#e.has(n)&&(this.#e.add(n),(0,T.p)("err",[this.#t(n),(0,j.z)()],void 0,r.D.jserrors,this.ee))})),this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,T.p)("ierr",[this.#t(e),(0,j.z)(),!0],void 0,r.D.jserrors,this.ee)})),l._A.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,T.p)("err",[this.#r(e),(0,j.z)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1}],void 0,r.D.jserrors,this.ee)}),(0,S.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),l._A.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(this.#e.has(e.error)?this.#e.delete(e.error):(0,T.p)("err",[this.#n(e),(0,j.z)()],void 0,r.D.jserrors,this.ee))}),(0,S.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#i,this.importAggregator()}#i(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.#e.clear(),this.abortHandler=void 0}#t(e){return e instanceof Error?e:void 0!==e?.message?new I(e.message,e.filename||e.sourceURL,e.lineno||e.line,e.colno||e.col):new I("string"==typeof e?e:(0,_.P)(e))}#r(e){let t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(e?.reason instanceof Error)try{return e.reason.message=t+e.reason.message,e.reason}catch(t){return e.reason}if(void 0===e.reason)return new I(t);const r=this.#t(e.reason);return r.message=t+r.message,r}#n(e){return e.error instanceof Error?e.error:new I(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno)}}var H=i(2210);let z=1;const L="nr@id";function M(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===l._A?0:(0,H.X)(e,L,(function(){return z++}))}function B(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,_.P)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(1214),U=i(7243);class Z{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,n.DL)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var r=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!r||!i)return null;var a=(0,E.M)(),s=(0,E.Ht)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,r,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,r,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof l._A?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,_.P)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,n.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,n.P_)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var i=0;i<r.allowed_origins.length;i++){var o=(0,U.e)(r.allowed_origins[i]);if(e.hostname===o.hostname&&e.protocol===o.protocol&&e.port===o.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,n.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,n.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,n.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,n.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var V=i(7825),q=["load","error","abort","timeout"],G=q.length,W=n.Yu.REQ,X=n.Yu.XHR;class Q extends f{static featureName=V.t;constructor(e,t){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(e,t,V.t,i),(0,n.OP)(e).xhrWrappable){this.dt=new Z(e),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,T.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};l._A?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const n={status:t.responseStatus},i={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};K(n,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[n,i,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,r.D.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}(0,F.u5)(this.ee),(0,F.Kf)(this.ee),function(e,t,i,o){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=x,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,S.m$)(!1)),l.IF||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,S.m$)(!1))}function s(e){this.params={method:e[0]},K(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function c(t,r){var i=(0,n.DL)(e);i.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",i.xpid);var a=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(a){var s=!1;a.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",a.newrelicHeader),s=!0),a.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",a.traceContextParentHeader),a.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",a.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=a)}}function u(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=B(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,j.z)(),this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<G;s++)r.addEventListener(q[s],this.listener,(0,S.m$)(!1))}function d(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function f(e,t){var r=""+M(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function h(e,t){var r=""+M(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function p(){this.endTime=(0,j.z)()}function g(e,r){r instanceof X&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,r){r instanceof X&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function v(e,t,r){t instanceof X&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,j.z)()))}function b(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,j.z)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function y(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&l.il&&(t=""+l._A.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:l._A?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,U.e)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var n=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(n&&(n.newrelicHeader||n.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);else{var i={};for(var a in r)i[a]=r[a];i.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(i.headers,n)&&(this.dt=n),e.length>1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function w(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,j.z)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof W?r=i.url:l._A?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),K(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof W&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.txSize=B(n.body)||0}function A(e,t){var n;this.endTime=(0,j.z)(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var o={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,j.z)()-this.startTime};i("xhr",[this.params,o,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,r.D.ajax)}function x(e){var t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var o=0;o<G;o++)e.removeEventListener(q[o],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(n.duration=(0,j.z)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,i("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,r.D.ajax))}}function E(e,t){e.params.status=t.status;var r=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?B(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?B(e.responseText):void 0}(t,e.lastSize);if(r&&(e.metrics.rxSize=r),e.sameOrigin){var n=t.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");n&&(e.params.cat=n.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",a),t.on("open-xhr-start",s),t.on("open-xhr-end",c),t.on("send-xhr-start",u),t.on("xhr-cb-time",d),t.on("xhr-load-added",f),t.on("xhr-load-removed",h),t.on("xhr-resolved",p),t.on("addEventListener-end",g),t.on("removeEventListener-end",m),t.on("fn-end",b),t.on("fetch-before-start",y),t.on("fetch-start",w),t.on("fn-start",v),t.on("fetch-done",A)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator()}}}function K(e,t){var r=(0,U.e)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}var Y=i(3614);const{BST_RESOURCE:J,RESOURCE:ee,START:te,END:re,FEATURE_NAME:ne,FN_END:ie,FN_START:oe,PUSH_STATE:ae}=Y;var se=i(7144);class ce extends f{static featureName=se.t;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,se.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}var ue=i(7836);const{FEATURE_NAME:de,START:le,END:fe,BODY:he,CB_END:pe,JS_TIME:ge,FETCH:me,FN_START:ve,CB_START:be,FN_END:ye}=ue;var we=i(4649);class Ae extends f{static featureName=we.t;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,we.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}new class extends t{constructor(t){let r=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,E.ky)(16);super(),l._A?(this.agentIdentifier=r,this.sharedAggregator=new v({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(p),Object.assign(this,(0,s.j)(this.agentIdentifier,t,t.loaderType||"agent")),this.run()):(0,e.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,n.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,n.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,n.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}run(){const t="features";try{const n=a(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((e,t)=>r.p[e.featureName]-r.p[t.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(n[t.featureName]||t.featureName===r.D.pageViewEvent){const i=function(e){switch(e){case r.D.ajax:return[r.D.jserrors];case r.D.sessionTrace:return[r.D.ajax,r.D.pageViewEvent];case r.D.sessionReplay:return[r.D.sessionTrace];case r.D.pageViewTiming:return[r.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);i.every((e=>n[e]))||(0,e.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,_.P)(i),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,x.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(r){(0,e.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",r);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const n=(0,x.fP)();return delete n.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete n.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,n.ee?.abort(),delete n.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}addToTrace(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addToTrace failed. The page action feature is not currently initialized.")}setCurrentRouteName(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setCurrentRouteName failed. The spa feature is not currently initialized.")}interaction(){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api interaction failed. The spa feature is not currently initialized.")}}({features:[Q,p,C,class extends f{static featureName=ne;constructor(e,t){if(super(e,t,ne,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!l.il)return;const n=this.ee;let i;(0,F.QU)(n),this.eventsEE=(0,F.em)(n),this.eventsEE.on(oe,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,j.z)()})),this.eventsEE.on(ie,(function(e,t){(0,T.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,j.z)()],void 0,r.D.sessionTrace,n)})),n.on(ae+te,(function(e){this.time=(0,j.z)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),n.on(ae+re,(function(e){(0,T.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,r.D.sessionTrace,n)}));try{i=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,T.p)(J,[t],void 0,r.D.sessionTrace,n)})),i.observe({type:ee,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator({resourceObserver:i})}},ce,P,Ae,k,class extends f{static featureName=de;constructor(e,t){if(super(e,t,de,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!l.il)return;if(!(0,n.OP)(e).xhrWrappable)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,i=0;const o=this.ee.get("tracer"),a=(0,F._L)(this.ee),s=(0,F.Lg)(this.ee),c=(0,F.BV)(this.ee),u=(0,F.Kf)(this.ee),d=this.ee.get("events"),f=(0,F.u5)(this.ee),h=(0,F.QU)(this.ee),p=(0,F.Gm)(this.ee);function g(e,t){h.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function m(){i++,r=window.location.hash,this[ve]=(0,j.z)()}function v(){i--,window.location.hash!==r&&g(0,!0);var e=(0,j.z)();this[ge]=~~this[ge]+e-this[ve],this[ye]=e}function b(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,j.z)()}))}this.ee.on(ve,m),s.on(be,m),a.on(be,m),this.ee.on(ye,v),s.on(pe,v),a.on(pe,v),this.ee.buffer([ve,ye,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),d.buffer([ve],this.featureName),c.buffer(["setTimeout"+fe,"clearTimeout"+le,ve],this.featureName),u.buffer([ve,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+le],this.featureName),f.buffer([me+le,me+"-done",me+he+le,me+he+fe],this.featureName),h.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),p.buffer([ve],this.featureName),s.buffer(["propagate",be,pe,"executor-err","resolve"+le],this.featureName),o.buffer([ve,"no-"+ve],this.featureName),a.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),b(f,me+le),b(f,me+"-done"),b(a,"new-jsonp"),b(a,"jsonp-end"),b(a,"cb-start"),h.on("pushState-end",g),h.on("replaceState-end",g),window.addEventListener("hashchange",g,(0,S.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",g,(0,S.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){g(0,i>1)}),(0,S.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#i,this.importAggregator()}#i(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-3051875-1"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "UA-3051875-1", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path","allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/"/> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/"/> <link rel="image_src" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2022-05/uc-riverside_preview-image.jpg"/> <meta name="description" content="UC Riverside is the nation’s leader for social mobility with a diverse & inclusive community pioneering research with impacts around the globe."/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="University of California, Riverside"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/"/> <meta property="og:title" content="University of California, Riverside"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2022-05/uc-riverside_preview-image.jpg"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Home | University of California, Riverside"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/"/> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)"/> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width"/> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <link rel="icon" href="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/profiles/custom/ucr_umbrella_profile/themes/custom/ucr_umbrella_theme/favicon.ico" type=""/> <script src="/web/20231001065301js_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/google_tag/campus_gtm/google_tag.script.js?s1710e" defer></script> <script>window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={};</script> <title>UC Riverside | University of California, Riverside</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20231001065301cs_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_EUU-OAMQUiJi_gIq5jYX4h6sizfuIHFdOQUnL9aTwy8.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301cs_/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:700|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Roboto:400,700"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20231001065301cs_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_hnv9pxtKlTTpC5r80Vb_UzOKPwze4SCVDhr72QiNX8o.css"/> <style type="text/css">  </style> </head> <body class="layout path-frontpage node--type-page"> <noscript aria-hidden="true"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301if_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WKS9CKF" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="webpage-content"> <header role="banner" data-sticky-container> <div class="header-sticky-container" data-ucr-sticky="0" data-ucr-mobile-sticky="1"> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell small-order-2 medium-order-1 audience-container"> <div class="grid-container audience-menu-bar"> <div class="grid-x align-middle"> <div class="cell medium-shrink show-for-medium global-header-menu"> <a class="skip-main" href="#main-content">Skip to main content</a> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="global-header-menu"> <ul class="menu"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/alpha" target="_blank">A to Z Listing</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://campusmap.ucr.edu/" target="_blank">Campus Map</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://profiles.ucr.edu/" target="_blank">Find People</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://news.ucr.edu/" target="_blank">News</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="block-ucr-umbrella-theme-organizationname" data-block-plugin-id="ucr_global_organization_name" class="cell auto hide-for-medium org-name"> <a class="skip-main" tabindex="1" href="#main-content">Skip to main content</a> <span class="parent-org-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/">University of California, Riverside</a> </span> </div> <div id="block-ucr-umbrella-theme-ucriversideaudiencesearchblock" data-block-plugin-id="ucr_global_audience_search" class="cell medium-shrink show-for-medium"> <section class="google-search"> <button class="button audience-search-button" data-open="gscSearchFormModal">Search</button> </section> </div> <div id="audience-links-desktop-view" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:ucr-audience-menu" class="cell medium-shrink show-for-medium audience-links-desktop"> <nav class="audience-links"> <ul class="vertical medium-horizontal menu" data-responsive-menu="accordion medium-dropdown" data-closing-time="100" data-alignment="left"> <li class="audience-button is-dropdown-submenu-parent"> <a href="" title="Quicklinks">Quicklinks</a> <ul class="vertical menu"> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/about/visitors" title="Visit" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41">Visit</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://events.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Events">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://give.communityfunded.com/o/university-of-california-riverside/i/ucr-impact" target="_blank" title="Make a Gift">Make a Gift</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://campusmap.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Campus Map">Campus Map</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://jobs.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Jobs">Jobs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://library.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Library">Library</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://transportation.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Parking and Transportation">Parking and Transportation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/apply" title="Apply" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156">Apply</a> </li> <li> <a href="" title="Newsletters">Newsletters</a> <ul class="vertical menu"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://mailchi.mp/ucr/undergradcomingup" target="_blank" title="Coming Up at UCR (undergrads)">Coming Up at UCR (undergrads)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://mailchi.mp/ucr.edu/uenl" target="_blank" title="Undergrad Experience (undergrads)">Undergrad Experience (undergrads)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://mailchi.mp/ucr/rgrad" target="_blank" title="R'Grad (grads)">R'Grad (grads)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://mailchi.mp/ucr/ucrlife" target="_blank" title="UCR Life (everyone)">UCR Life (everyone)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://mailchi.mp/ucr.edu/ucralumninewsletter" target="_blank" title="Alumni (alumni)">Alumni (alumni)</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="cell shrink hide-for-medium" data-responsive-toggle="main-menu-container" data-hide-for="medium"> <button class="mdi mdi-menu button mobile-menu-expander" id="mobile-menu-expander" type="button" data-toggle="main-menu-container"> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cell small-order-1 medium-order-2 masthead-container"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x align-middle"> <div class="cell shrink"> <a class="masthead-logo" href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/"> <span class="show-for-sr">UC Riverside</span> </a> </div> <div class="cell auto hide-for-medium"> <h1 class="masthead-title"> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/"> University of California, Riverside </a> </h1> </div> <div class="cell auto show-for-medium"> <h1 class="slogan-bold"> University of California, Riverside </h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cell small-order-3 medium-order-3 main-nav-bar"> <div class="grid-container" id="main-menu-container" data-animate="fade-in fade-out"> <div class="grid-x"> <div id="block-ucr-umbrella-theme-ucriversideaudiencesearchblock-2" data-block-plugin-id="ucr_global_audience_search" class="cell hide-for-medium"> <section class="google-search"> <button class="button audience-search-button" data-open="gscSearchFormModal">Search</button> </section> </div> <div id="block-ucr-umbrella-theme-main-menu" data-block-plugin-id="menu_block:main" class="cell main-menu-cell"> <nav id="primary-site-menu" aria-labelledby="primary-site-menu"> <ul class="standard-menu vertical medium-horizontal menu align-center-middle" data-responsive-menu="accordion medium-dropdown" data-closing-time="200"> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/about-ucr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/176">About</a> <ul class="vertical menu submenu"> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/about-ucr" title="About UCR" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/176">About UCR</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/about/ranks-and-facts" title="Rankings and Facts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/26">Rankings and Facts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/about/history" title="History" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/36">History</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/about/visitors" title="Visitors" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41">Visitors</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://international.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="International">International</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/leadership" title="Leadership" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/181">Leadership</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/about-ucr#mission" title="Misson" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/176">Mission</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/academics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/46">Academics</a> <ul class="vertical menu submenu"> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/academics" title="Academics Overview" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/46">Academics Overview</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://events.ucr.edu/search/events?event_types%5B0%5D=41005545072490" target="_blank" title="Academic Calendar">Academic Calendar</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/majors" target="_blank" title="Undergraduate Majors">Undergraduate Majors</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://graduate.ucr.edu/programs" target="_blank" title="Graduate Programs">Graduate Programs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://extension.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="UCR Extension">UCR Extension</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/56">Admissions</a> <ul class="vertical menu submenu"> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/admissions" title="Admissions Overview" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/56">Admissions Overview</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Undergraduate Admissions">Undergraduate Admissions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/transfer" target="_blank" title="Transfer Admissions">Transfer Admissions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/international" target="_blank" title="International Admissions">International Admissions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/cost" target="_blank" title="Cost">Cost</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://graduate.ucr.edu/admissions" target="_blank" title="Graduate Admissions">Graduate Admissions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/military" target="_blank" title="Veteran Admissions">Veteran Admissions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/61">Research</a> <ul class="vertical menu submenu"> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/research" title="Research Overview" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/61">Research Overview</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/research/undergrad-research" title="Undergraduate Research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66">Undergraduate Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://graduate.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Graduate Research">Graduate Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/research/centers" title="Centers and Facilities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/71">Centers and Facilities</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://library.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Library">Library</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/campus-life" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76">Campus Life</a> <ul class="vertical menu submenu"> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/campus-life" title="Campus Life Overview" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76">Campus Life Overview</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://events.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Events">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://campusmap.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Campus Map">Campus Map</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/campus-life/arts-and-culture" title="Arts and Culture" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/81">Arts and Culture</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://gohighlanders.com/" title="Athletics and Recreation">Athletics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://recreation.ucr.edu/">Recreation</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://studentwellness.ucr.edu/" title="Health and Safety">Health and Safety</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://gardens.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Botanic Gardens">Botanic Gardens</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://housing.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Housing">Housing</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://dining.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Dining">Dining</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="" title="Information for…">Information for…</a> <ul class="vertical menu submenu"> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/current-students" title="Current Students" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/96">Current Students</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Prospective Students">Prospective Students</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/faculty" title="Faculty" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/101">Faculty</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/staff" title="Staff" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/106">Staff</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://families.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Families">Families</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://alumni.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Alumni">Alumni</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://give.communityfunded.com/o/university-of-california-riverside/i/ucr-impact" target="_blank" class="btn-ucr-gold" title="Give Now">Give Now</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="audience-links-mobile-view" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:ucr-audience-menu" class="cell hide-for-medium audience-links-mobile"> <nav class="audience-links"> <ul class="vertical medium-horizontal menu" data-responsive-menu="accordion medium-dropdown" data-closing-time="100" data-alignment="left"> <li class="audience-button is-dropdown-submenu-parent"> <a href="" title="Quicklinks">Quicklinks</a> <ul class="vertical menu"> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/about/visitors" title="Visit" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41">Visit</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://events.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Events">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://give.communityfunded.com/o/university-of-california-riverside/i/ucr-impact" target="_blank" title="Make a Gift">Make a Gift</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://campusmap.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Campus Map">Campus Map</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://jobs.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Jobs">Jobs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://library.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Library">Library</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://transportation.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Parking and Transportation">Parking and Transportation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/apply" title="Apply" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156">Apply</a> </li> <li> <a href="" title="Newsletters">Newsletters</a> <ul class="vertical menu"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://mailchi.mp/ucr/undergradcomingup" target="_blank" title="Coming Up at UCR (undergrads)">Coming Up at UCR (undergrads)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://mailchi.mp/ucr.edu/uenl" target="_blank" title="Undergrad Experience (undergrads)">Undergrad Experience (undergrads)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://mailchi.mp/ucr/rgrad" target="_blank" title="R'Grad (grads)">R'Grad (grads)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://mailchi.mp/ucr/ucrlife" target="_blank" title="UCR Life (everyone)">UCR Life (everyone)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://mailchi.mp/ucr.edu/ucralumninewsletter" target="_blank" title="Alumni (alumni)">Alumni (alumni)</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main> <div id="content-container"> <div id="hero-panel-area"> <div id="block-homepagevideo-2" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:5b87292f-b136-41e2-b4e3-d753a1480865" class="ucr-custom-block"> <div class="grid-container full content-head-image-title-container"> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="hia-area"> <div class="hia-image"> <article> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/styles/header_with_video_xlarge/public/2023-09/uc-riverside-homepage-banner-ucr-luna-avocado.jpg?h=758a0241&itok=fUdFAvRK 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1401px)" type="image/jpeg" width="2440" height="700"/> <source srcset="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/styles/header_with_video_large/public/2023-09/uc-riverside-homepage-banner-ucr-luna-avocado.jpg?h=758a0241&itok=Mbko23Db 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1025px) and (max-width: 1400px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1920" height="555"/> <source srcset="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/styles/header_with_video_medium/public/2023-09/uc-riverside-homepage-banner-ucr-luna-avocado.jpg?h=758a0241&itok=0XS0pfer 1x" media="all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1024" height="300"/> <source srcset="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/styles/header_with_video_small/public/2023-09/uc-riverside-homepage-banner-ucr-luna-avocado.jpg?h=758a0241&itok=3AsDObXC 1x" type="image/jpeg" width="768" height="450"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/styles/header_with_video_xlarge/public/2023-09/uc-riverside-homepage-banner-ucr-luna-avocado.jpg?h=758a0241&itok=fUdFAvRK" width="2440" height="700" alt="Luna UCR™ Avocado" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </article> </div> <div class="hero-video"> <video src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301im_/https://ucr.yuja.com/Dashboard/Permalink?authCode=16673745&b=7112498&linkType=video " class="hero-video-player" autoplay="true" loop="true" muted="true"> <source src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301im_/https://ucr.yuja.com/Dashboard/Permalink?authCode=16673745&amp;b=7112498&amp;linkType=video" type="video/mp4"/> </video> </div> <div class="video-overlay-title overlay-title-bottom-left" style="display:block;"> <h1 class="block"> There's a new avocado on the block </h1> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2023/07/10/ucr-releases-new-avocado-tree-world-marketplace">Read about Luna UCR™ ›</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-padding-y primary-content-header"> </div> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x system-admin-controls"> </div> </div> <div id="main-content" class="grid-container full primary-content-area"> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell large-auto small-order-3 medium-order-3 large-order-2 pca-content"> <div> <div id="block-ucr-umbrella-theme-content" data-block-plugin-id="system_main_block"> <article role="article" about="/home"> <div> <div class="layout layout-one-col grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-margin-x grid-margin-y"> <div class="cell"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div data-block-plugin-id="field_block:node:page:body"> <div class="basic-body"> <span></span> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:274ce79c-460c-4cdd-9d17-0515c6402517" class="ucr-custom-block ucr-custom-block-custom-paddings padding-top-2"> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x grid-padding-y"> <div class="cell small-12 medium-7 large-7"> <div alt="Ray of Light" data-embed-button="media_browser" data-entity-embed-display="media_image" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4fe77400-278d-4d63-97a7-792d70a130df" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"> <img loading="lazy" src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2020-12/ray-of-light-facts-numbers.png" alt="Ray of Light" title="ray of light about facts" typeof="foaf:Image"/></div> <h2 style="font-size: 3rem; font-style: italic;"><strong>Bold Hearts. Brilliant Minds.</strong></h2> <p>At UC Riverside you won’t just take classes—you’ll take action. Powered by a great education, world-leading research, and knowledge-driven impact, our students are transforming the nation and the world. Because at UCR, we are a tapestry of trailblazers—from first generation students to globally recognized researchers—bringing together fluency of thinking that accelerates bold solutions and transforms lives.</p> <p><a class="btn-ucr-brand-blue" href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/about-ucr">Learn More about UC Riverside</a></p> </div> <div class="cell small-12 medium-5 large-5"> <div data-embed-button="media_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.embedded" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="b4b264cf-8495-4982-adfd-a2e04f90d0ab" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article><div data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XzVuVHJARNI?autoplay=0&amp;start=0&amp;rel=0"></iframe> </div> " class="video-embed-field-lazy"><img src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/video_thumbnails/XzVuVHJARNI.jpg" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image"/><button class="video-embed-field-lazy-play" aria-label="Play video"></button> </div> </article></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-one-col grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-one-col grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:f0a8e1ef-1b82-42d1-8987-d4444dd5899e" class="ucr-custom-block ucr-custom-block-custom-margins ucr-custom-block-custom-paddings"> <div class="dynamic-columns dc-centered dc-standard margin-bottom-1 medium-margin-horizontal-0 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-2 padding-horizontal-0" style="overflow:hidden; background: url(/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2022-07/uc-riverside_homepage-rankings_background.jpg); background-size:cover;"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-padding-y small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-4 align-center"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> <div alt="ray of light about facts" data-embed-button="media_browser" data-entity-embed-display="media_image" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4fe77400-278d-4d63-97a7-792d70a130df" data-langcode="en" title="ray of light about facts" class="embedded-entity align-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2020-12/ray-of-light-facts-numbers.png" alt="ray of light about facts" title="ray of light about facts" typeof="foaf:Image"/></div> <h2 class="text-align-center"><strong><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:100%; letter-spacing: 0px; color:#ffffff;">No.</span></strong> <span style="font-size:300%; line-height:100%; color:#ffffff;">2</span></h2> <p class="text-align-center"><span style="font-size:220%; line-height:100%; color:#ffffff;">OVERALL</span></p> <p class="text-align-center"><span style="line-height:100%; color:#ffffff;"><em>-U.S. NEWS SOCIAL MOBILITY RANKINGS</em></span></p> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> <div alt="ray of light about facts" data-embed-button="media_browser" data-entity-embed-display="media_image" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4fe77400-278d-4d63-97a7-792d70a130df" data-langcode="en" title="ray of light about facts" class="embedded-entity align-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2020-12/ray-of-light-facts-numbers.png" alt="ray of light about facts" title="ray of light about facts" typeof="foaf:Image"/></div> <h2 class="text-align-center"><strong><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:100%; letter-spacing: 0px; color:#ffffff;">No.</span></strong> <span style="font-size:300%; line-height:100%; color:#ffffff;">2</span></h2> <p class="text-align-center"><span style="font-size:220%; line-height:100%; color:#ffffff;">FOR<br/> FINANCIAL AID</span></p> <p class="text-align-center"><span style="line-height:100%; color:#ffffff;"><em>-BUSINESS INSIDER</em></span></p> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> <div alt="ray of light about facts" data-embed-button="media_browser" data-entity-embed-display="media_image" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4fe77400-278d-4d63-97a7-792d70a130df" data-langcode="en" title="ray of light about facts" class="embedded-entity align-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2020-12/ray-of-light-facts-numbers.png" alt="ray of light about facts" title="ray of light about facts" typeof="foaf:Image"/></div> <h2 class="text-align-center"><strong><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:100%; letter-spacing: 0px; color:#ffffff;">No.</span></strong> <span style="font-size:300%; line-height:100%; color:#ffffff;">7</span></h2> <p class="text-align-center"><span style="font-size:220%; line-height:100%; color:#ffffff;">PELL GRANT PERFORMANCE</span></p> <p class="text-align-center"><span style="line-height:100%; color:#ffffff;"><em>-WASHINGTON MONTHLY</em></span></p> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> <div alt="ray of light about facts" data-embed-button="media_browser" data-entity-embed-display="media_image" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4fe77400-278d-4d63-97a7-792d70a130df" data-langcode="en" title="ray of light about facts" class="embedded-entity align-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2020-12/ray-of-light-facts-numbers.png" alt="ray of light about facts" title="ray of light about facts" typeof="foaf:Image"/></div> <h2 class="text-align-center"><span style="font-size:300%; line-height:100%; color:#ffffff;">71</span></h2> <p class="text-align-center"><font color="#ffffff"><span style="font-size: 35.2px;">MEMBERS</span></font></p> <p class="text-align-center"><span style="line-height:100%; color:#ffffff;"><em>-ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES</em></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-two-col grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-margin-x grid-margin-y"> <div class="cell medium-8"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--column-1"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:8c0d438e-e903-456a-a713-ef8ae379886d" class="ucr-custom-block ucr_default_feed_display"> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <p> </p> <h2><strong>NEWS</strong></h2> <hr/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-5f3849e298c65c604f1ac23d21d11b3663aaf43153c1e1432bce8d33e5c95040"> <div class="feed-import-view-container"> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-padding-y small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-2 align-center" data-equalizer data-equalize-on="medium" data-equalize-by-row="true"> <div class="cell"> <div class="feed-article"> <div class="article-image"> <img loading="eager" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301im_/https://news.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/styles/news_article_featured_l/public/2023-09/GettyImages-1471660624.jpg?h=119335f7&itok=jdIE5SQW" width="1170" height="450" alt="flames from fuel injector" typeof="Image"/> </div> <div class="article-date"> <span class="date">September 28, 2023</span> </div> <div class="article-title"> Scientists unveil fire-safe fuel </div> <div class="article-body"> UC Riverside chemical engineers have designed a fuel that ignites only with the application of electric current. Since it doesn’t react to flames and cannot start accidental fires during storage or transport, it is a “safe” liquid fuel. </div> <div class="article-link"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2023/09/28/scientists-unveil-fire-safe-fuel" target="_blank" aria-label="Read more about Scientists unveil fire-safe fuel ">Read More »</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cell"> <div class="feed-article"> <div class="article-image"> <img loading="eager" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301im_/https://news.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/styles/news_article_featured_l/public/2023-09/UCR%20Primavera%20in%20the%20Garden%202019-169.jpg?h=c3635fa2&itok=8qDcHyUv" width="1170" height="450" alt="bottlebrush tree at UCRBG" typeof="Image"/> </div> <div class="article-date"> <span class="date">September 22, 2023</span> </div> <div class="article-title"> Sow good: UC Riverside Botanic Gardens turn 60 </div> <div class="article-body"> This week, UC Riverside’s Botanic Gardens celebrates a major milestone — its 60th anniversary. </div> <div class="article-link"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2023/09/22/sow-good-uc-riverside-botanic-gardens-turn-60" target="_blank" aria-label="Read more about Sow good: UC Riverside Botanic Gardens turn 60">Read More »</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell padding-top-1"> <div class="more-link"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://news.ucr.edu/" target="_blank">MORE NEWS</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cell medium-4"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--column-2"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:86f51f05-22e5-405b-a692-01134ef15a1a" class="ucr-custom-block"> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <p> </p> <h2><strong>EVENTS</strong></h2> <hr/><div class="localist-widget" id="localist-widget-22656106" style="padding-top: 25px;"> </div> <script defer="defer" type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301js_/https://events.ucr.edu/widget/view?schools=ucr&days=31&num=5&tags=Homepage&hide_past=1&container=localist-widget-22656106&template=vertical-calendar"></script><div class="more-link"> <p class="text-align-center"><a class="btn-ucr-brand-blue" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://events.ucr.edu/" rel=" noopener" target="_blank">All Events</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-one-col grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:73aa2571-b257-493c-a1af-53278ea7bca5" class="ucr-custom-block ucr-custom-block-custom-margins ucr-custom-block-custom-paddings"> <div class="dynamic-columns dc-centered dc-standard margin-top-3 padding-vertical-5 padding-horizontal-1" style="overflow:hidden; background: url(/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2022-07/uc-riverside_homepage-tours_background.jpg); background-size:cover;"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-padding-y small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-2 align-center"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> <div style="background: rgba(0, 61, 165, 0.9); padding: 30px 30px 30px 30px"> <h2><span style="color:#ffffff;"><strong>Explore UC Riverside</strong></span></h2> <p><span style="color:#ffffff;">Take a tour of the UCR campus and get an inside look from anywhere in the world.</span></p> <p><a class="btn-ucr-gold" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/visit" rel=" noopener" style="margin-bottom:10px;" target="_blank">Campus Tour</a> <a class="btn-ucr-gold" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/visit#virtual" rel=" noopener" style="margin-bottom:10px;" target="_blank">Virtual Tour</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-one-col grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:052551ee-b0ad-4972-b61a-b142714177e6" class="ucr-custom-block ucr-custom-block-custom-margins ucr-custom-block-custom-paddings"> <div class="dynamic-columns dc-full dc-standard margin-bottom-2 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-1 padding-horizontal-1" style="overflow:hidden; "> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-padding-y small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-2 align-center"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> <div data-embed-button="media_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.embedded" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="505e8b14-fcf6-46e3-a4b1-c3124e6799db" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article><div data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cQGqyyipaIs?autoplay=0&amp;start=0&amp;rel=0"></iframe> </div> " class="video-embed-field-lazy"><img src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/video_thumbnails/cQGqyyipaIs.jpg" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image"/><button class="video-embed-field-lazy-play" aria-label="Play video"></button> </div> </article></div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> <h2><strong>UCR Professor & Filmmaker Brings Stories to Life</strong></h2> <p>From Bogotá, Colombia to Hollywood, Patricia Cardoso has carved a career for herself by using humanity and emotions to bring compelling stories to life. She brings representation to an industry where only 4 percent of directors are women, and of that, less than 1 percent are Latina.</p> <p style="padding-bottom:10px;"><span class="mdi mdi-play-circle"> </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQGqyyipaIs" rel=" noopener" target="_blank">Watch Video</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-one-col grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell adsection1"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div data-block-plugin-id="inline_block:basic" class="ucr-custom-block"> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <style type="text/css"> <![CDATA[/* ><!]]>*/ </style><p class="text-align-center" style="padding: 30px 0px 0px 0px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://homecoming.ucr.edu/" target="_blank"><img alt="University of California, Riverside's Homecoming! November 2-4, 2023" data-aos="fade-zoom-in" data-aos-offset="0" loading="lazy" src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2023-09/ucr-magazine-homecoming-2023-ad.jpg"/></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-one-col grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:6da75e70-8fbb-44b4-96d1-0a98c5491b2b" class="ucr-custom-block ucr-custom-block-custom-paddings" style="background: linear-gradient(rgba(165,200,234,0.2),rgba(165,200,234,0.2)); background-size: cover;"> <div class="grid-container padding-top-3 padding-bottom-2 padding-horizontal-1"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <h2><strong>ACADEMIC CALENDAR</strong></h2> <hr/><div class="localist-widget" id="localist-widget-52433842" style="padding-top: 25px;"> </div> <script defer="defer" type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301js_/https://events.ucr.edu/widget/view?schools=ucr&types=41005545072490&days=160&num=5&hide_past=1&container=localist-widget-52433842&template=photo-calendar"></script><p> </p> <div class="more-link"> <p class="text-align-center"><a class="btn-ucr-brand-blue" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://events.ucr.edu/search/events?event_types%5B%5D=41005545072490" rel=" noopener" target="_blank">View Calendar</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-one-col grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-padding-y grid-margin-x grid-margin-y"> <div class="cell"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:73cd7773-8a2d-4546-a642-ff12e408da4e" class="ucr-custom-block ucr-custom-block-custom-margins margin-vertical-3"> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <h2 class="text-align-center"><strong>Learn How Affordable a UCR Degree Can Be</strong></h2> <p class="text-align-center" style="padding-top:15px;">Grants, scholarships, loans, and work study are offered to UC Riverside students, who receive some of the most generous financial aid packages in the nation. Business Insider ranked UCR No. 2 in the country for financial aid.</p> </div> </div> <div class="button-bar btn-justified-100"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-padding-y small-up-1 medium-up-4 text-center align-center" data-equalizer data-equalize-on="medium" data-equalize-by-row="true"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--button-bar paragraph--view-mode--default cell align-center-middle"> <div class="button-item btn-ucr-brand-blue" data-equalizer-watch> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/firstyear#cost" target="_blank">First Year</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--button-bar paragraph--view-mode--default cell align-center-middle"> <div class="button-item btn-ucr-brand-blue" data-equalizer-watch> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/transfer#cost" target="_blank">Transfer</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--button-bar paragraph--view-mode--default cell align-center-middle"> <div class="button-item btn-ucr-brand-blue" data-equalizer-watch> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/out-of-state#cost" target="_blank">Out-of-State</a> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--button-bar paragraph--view-mode--default cell align-center-middle"> <div class="button-item btn-ucr-brand-blue" data-equalizer-watch> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/international#cost" target="_blank">International</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-one-col grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:ab9f44c4-a700-4812-bbad-6ebf6276032b" class="ucr-custom-block ucr-custom-block-custom-margins ucr-custom-block-custom-paddings"> <div class="dynamic-columns dc-centered dc-standard margin-vertical-0 padding-vertical-5 padding-horizontal-1" style="overflow:hidden; background: url(/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2022-07/uc-riverside_homepage-majors_background.jpg); background-size:cover;"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-padding-y small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-2 align-center"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> <div style="background: rgba(0, 42, 114, 0.9); padding: 30px 30px 30px 30px"> <h2><span style="color:#ffffff;"><strong>Degrees and Majors</strong></span></h2> <p><span style="color:#ffffff;">Explore more than 80 undergraduate degree programs at UC Riverside. If you want to go far, come here.</span></p> <p><a class="btn-ucr-gold" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/majors" rel=" noopener" target="_blank" title="Majors">Majors</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-one-col grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:5c39370d-b190-4353-9945-1efa85f6ae58" class="ucr-custom-block ucr-custom-block-custom-paddings"> <div class="grid-container margin-bottom-1"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <h2 class="text-align-center" style="padding-top:50px;"><strong>Attending UC Riverside</strong></h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-columns dc-centered dc-standard padding-1" style="overflow:hidden; "> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x grid-margin-y grid-padding-x grid-padding-y small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-4 align-center"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> <p style="text-align:center"><img alt="First-Year Students" class="img-circle" height="200" src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2022-07/uc-riverside_homepage_audiences_first-year.jpg" width="200"/></p> <h3 class="text-align-center">First Year</h3> <p class="text-align-center">UC Riverside first-year students come from all over California and throughout the world—ready for a challenge.</p> <p class="text-align-center"><a class="btn-ucr-split" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/firstyear" rel=" noopener" target="_blank">First Year</a></p> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> <p style="text-align:center"><img alt="Transfer students" class="img-circle" height="200" src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2022-07/uc-riverside_homepage_audiences_transfer.jpg" width="200"/></p> <h3 class="text-align-center">Transfer</h3> <p class="text-align-center">Your journey starts here, transfer to UC Riverside. UCR is the right place to help you achieve your goals.</p> <p class="text-align-center"><a class="btn-ucr-split" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/transfer" rel=" noopener" target="_blank">Transfer</a></p> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> <p style="text-align:center"><img alt="International students" class="img-circle" height="200" src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2022-07/uc-riverside_homepage_audiences_international.jpg" width="200"/></p> <h3 class="text-align-center">International</h3> <p class="text-align-center">Each year, international students from more than 65 countries choose UC Riverside.<br/> </p> <p class="text-align-center"><a class="btn-ucr-split" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/international" rel=" noopener" target="_blank">International</a></p> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> <p style="text-align:center"><img alt="Graduate students" class="img-circle" height="200" src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2022-07/uc-riverside_homepage_audiences_graduate.jpg" width="200"/></p> <h3 class="text-align-center">Graduate</h3> <p class="text-align-center">UCR offers a wide range of opportunities for graduate study and research.<br/> </p> <p class="text-align-center"><a class="btn-ucr-split" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://graduate.ucr.edu/admissions" rel=" noopener" target="_blank">Graduate</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-one-col grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:0d4b9761-a6b9-4824-86d4-dfc4b9febda6" class="ucr-custom-block ucr-custom-block-custom-margins ucr-custom-block-custom-paddings"> <div class="dynamic-columns dc-centered dc-standard margin-top-0 padding-vertical-5 padding-horizontal-1" style="overflow:hidden; background: url(/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2022-06/uc-riverside_homepage-student-experience_background.jpg); background-size:cover;"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-padding-y small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-2 align-center"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ucr-columns paragraph--view-mode--default cell" style=""> <div style="background: rgba(255, 184, 28, 0.9); padding: 30px 30px 30px 30px"> <h2><span style="color:#003da5;"><strong>The Student Experience</strong></span></h2> <p><span style="color:#1d3a61;">At UCR, our strength lies in our diversity. You'll be joining a community of faculty and students from over 80 countries and countless cultural identities to exchange knowledge, build social mobility, and shape future leaders.</span></p> <p><a class="btn-ucr-brand-blue" href="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/campus-life" rel=" noopener">Explore campus life</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-one-col grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x grid-margin-y"> <div class="cell"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-one-col grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:7890a68f-46c9-4d48-a706-102ab71ceb19" class="ucr-custom-block ucr-custom-block-custom-margins ucr-custom-block-custom-paddings margin-bottom-0 padding-vertical-5 padding-horizontal-1" style="background: url(/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2022-07/uc-riverside_homepage-social-media_background.jpg); background-size: cover;"> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="text-align-center" id="instagram"> <p> </p> <h2><strong><span style="color:#ffffff;;">FOLLOW US</span></strong></h2> <hr style="background-color:#FFB81C;border-width:0;color:#FFB81C;height:2px;line-height:0;text-align:left;width:220px; margin-top:8px;"/><div class="social-link" style="display: inline-flex; margin-left:0px;"><a alt="Facebook" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.facebook.com/UCRiverside" style="text-decoration: none !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0); display: inline-flex;" target="_blank"><span class="mdi mdi-facebook-box" onmouseout="this.style.color='#FFB81C'" onmouseover="this.style.color='#FFFFFF'" onmouseup="this.style.color='#FFFFFF'" style="color:#FFB81C; font-size: 2em;"> </span></a> <a alt="Twitter" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://twitter.com/UCRiverside" style="text-decoration: none !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0); display: inline-flex;" target="_blank"><span class="mdi mdi-twitter-box" onmouseout="this.style.color='#FFB81C'" onmouseover="this.style.color='#FFFFFF'" onmouseup="this.style.color='#FFFFFF'" style="color:#FFB81C; font-size: 2em;"> </span></a> <a alt="YouTube" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.youtube.com/UCRiverside" style="text-decoration: none !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0); display: inline-flex;" target="_blank"><span class="mdi mdi-youtube-play" onmouseout="this.style.color='#FFB81C'" onmouseover="this.style.color='#FFFFFF'" onmouseup="this.style.color='#FFFFFF'" style="color:#FFB81C; font-size: 2em;"> </span></a> <a alt="Instagram" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.instagram.com/ucriversideofficial" style="text-decoration: none !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0); display: inline-flex;" target="_blank"><span class="mdi mdi-instagram" onmouseout="this.style.color='#FFB81C'" onmouseover="this.style.color='#FFFFFF'" onmouseup="this.style.color='#FFFFFF'" style="color:#FFB81C; font-size: 2em;"> </span></a> <a alt="LinkedIn" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.linkedin.com/school/university-of-california-riverside/mycompany/" style="text-decoration: none !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0); display: inline-flex;" target="_blank"><span class="mdi mdi-linkedin-box" onmouseout="this.style.color='#FFB81C'" onmouseover="this.style.color='#FFFFFF'" onmouseup="this.style.color='#FFFFFF'" style="color:#FFB81C; font-size: 2em;"> </span></a> <a alt="TikTok" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.tiktok.com/@ucriverside" style="text-decoration: none !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0); display: inline-flex;" target="_blank"><span class="mdi mdi-music-box" onmouseout="this.style.color='#FFB81C'" onmouseover="this.style.color='#FFFFFF'" onmouseup="this.style.color='#FFFFFF'" style="color:#FFB81C; font-size: 2em;"> </span></a></div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:69aff88f-29e8-49b4-bba1-22e43a4d946b" class="ucr-custom-block ucr-custom-block-custom-margins ucr-custom-block-custom-paddings margin-vertical-0 padding-top-1 padding-bottom-3 padding-horizontal-1" style="background: linear-gradient(rgba(0,61,165,1),rgba(0,61,165,1)); background-size: cover;"> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="grid-container"><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301js_/https://cdn.lightwidget.com/widgets/lightwidget.js"></script><p><iframe allowtransparency="true" class="lightwidget-widget" scrolling="no" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301if_/https://cdn.lightwidget.com/widgets/f7ea28d4241d518b88ba5380b0ff7cec.html" style="width:100%;border:0;overflow:hidden;" title="UC Riverside Instagram feed"></iframe></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="footer-container"> <div class="footer-content-area"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x align-center"> <div id="block-ucr-umbrella-theme-ucriversidefootersearchblock" data-block-plugin-id="ucr_global_footer_search" class="cell show-for-medium footer-search"> <section class="google-search"> <button class="button footer-search-button" data-open="gscSearchFormModal">Search</button> </section> </div> </div> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x footer-columns"> <div class="cell medium-auto"> <section class="footer-item ucr-footer-info"> <span class="footer-logo"><span class="show-for-sr">University of California, Riverside</span></span> <address> <p>900 University Ave.<br/> Riverside, CA 92521</p> <p>Tel: (951) 827-1012</p> </address> <ul class="footer-links"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://library.ucr.edu/" target="_blank">UCR Library</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://campusstatus.ucr.edu/" target="_blank">Campus Status</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://ucr.bncollege.com/shop/ucr/home" target="_blank">Campus Store</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://jobs.ucr.edu/" target="_blank">Career Opportunities</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://diversity.ucr.edu/" target="_blank">Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://campusmap.ucr.edu/" target="_blank">Maps and Directions</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/about/visitors" target="_blank">Visit UCR</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="cell medium-auto"> <section id="block-ucr-umbrella-theme-ucriversidefooterdeptinformationblock" data-block-plugin-id="ucr_global_footer_dept_info" class="footer-item footer-dept-info"> <h2>University Relations</h2> <address class="address_2"> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://campusmap.ucr.edu/?find=P5480" target="_blank"> 1156 Hinderaker Hall </a></p> <p> tel: (951) 827-1012<br/> email: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/mailto:webteam@ucr.edu">webteam@ucr.edu</a> </p> </address> <p> <a class="link-img link-img-location" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://campusmap.ucr.edu/?find=P5480" target="_blank"> Find Us<br/><br/> <img src="/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.ucr.edu/themes/custom/ucr_default/images/googlemap.png" alt="View campus map"></a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="cell medium-auto"> <section id="block-ucr-umbrella-theme-ucriversiderelatedlinks" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:ucr-related-links-menu" class="footer-item footer-related-links"> <h3>Related Links</h3> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="related-links-menu"> <ul class="vertical menu"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://news.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="UCR News">News</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Undergraduate Admissions">Undergraduate Admissions</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://admissions.ucr.edu/majors" target="_blank" title="Colleges and Majors">Majors</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://graduate.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Graduate Division">Graduate Division</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://giving.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Giving">Giving</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.gohighlanders.com/" target="_blank" title="UCR Jobs">Athletics</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucrhealth.org/" target="_blank" title="UCR Health">UCR Health</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://campusreturn.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" title="Campus Return">Campus Return</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> </div> <div class="cell medium-auto"> <div id="block-footersocialiconsfulllist" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:2818a075-bd88-496c-ad22-a0e92eb5d813" class="ucr-custom-block ucr-custom-block-custom-margins margin-top-0"> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <section class="footer-item"><p class="social-title">Follow Us:</p> <div class="social-link" style="display: inline-flex; margin-left:0px;"><a alt="Facebook" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.facebook.com/UCRiverside" style="text-decoration: none !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0); display: inline-flex;" target="_blank" title="Facebook"><span class="mdi mdi-facebook-box" onmouseout="this.style.color='#FFB81C'" onmouseover="this.style.color='#ffffff'" onmouseup="this.style.color='#7A8FAB'" style="color:#FFB81C; font-size: 3em;"> </span></a> <a alt="Twitter" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://twitter.com/UCRiverside" style="text-decoration: none !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0); display: inline-flex;" target="_blank" title="Twitter"><span class="mdi mdi-twitter-box" onmouseout="this.style.color='#FFB81C'" onmouseover="this.style.color='#ffffff'" onmouseup="this.style.color='#7A8FAB'" style="color:#FFB81C; font-size: 3em;"> </span></a> <a alt="Youtube" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.youtube.com/UCRiverside" style="text-decoration: none !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0); display: inline-flex;" target="_blank" title="Youtube"><span class="mdi mdi-youtube-play" onmouseout="this.style.color='#FFB81C'" onmouseover="this.style.color='#ffffff'" onmouseup="this.style.color='#7A8FAB'" style="color:#FFB81C; font-size: 3em;"> </span></a> <a alt="Instagram" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.instagram.com/ucriversideofficial" style="text-decoration: none !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0); display: inline-flex;" target="_blank" title="Instagram"><span class="mdi mdi-instagram" onmouseout="this.style.color='#FFB81C'" onmouseover="this.style.color='#ffffff'" onmouseup="this.style.color='#7A8FAB'" style="color:#FFB81C; font-size: 3em;"> </span></a> <a alt="LinkedIn" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.linkedin.com/school/university-of-california-riverside/mycompany/" style="text-decoration: none !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0); display: inline-flex;" target="_blank" title="LinkedIn"><span class="mdi mdi-linkedin-box" onmouseout="this.style.color='#FFB81C'" onmouseover="this.style.color='#ffffff'" onmouseup="this.style.color='#7A8FAB'" style="color:#FFB81C; font-size: 3em;"> </span></a> <a alt="TikTok" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.tiktok.com/@ucriverside" style="text-decoration: none !important; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0); display: inline-flex;" target="_blank" title="TikTok"><span class="mdi mdi-music-box" onmouseout="this.style.color='#FFB81C'" onmouseover="this.style.color='#ffffff'" onmouseup="this.style.color='#7A8FAB'" style="color:#FFB81C; font-size: 3em;"> </span></a></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-fbpixel" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:7ed875c0-e6ea-4733-95c3-5e12a0faf6af" class="ucr-custom-block"> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <script> <![CDATA[// ><!]]> </script><noscript> <img height="1" width="1" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301im_/https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=2432482433664644&ev=PageView &noscript=1"/></noscript> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-legal-footer"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/privacy.html">Privacy and Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/terms.html">Terms and Conditions</a></li> <li>© 2023 Regents of the University of California</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="large reveal" id="gscSearchFormModal" role="search" data-reveal data-animation-in="fade-in" data-animation-out="fade-out"> <div class="gsc-modal-top"> <button class="close-button" data-close aria-label="Close Search Window" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> <form id="audience-search-form" name="gsc-search-form" action="/web/20231001065301/https://www.ucr.edu/results"> <div class="gsc-modal-body"> <div class="grid-container full"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-padding-y align-center-middle text-center"> <div class="gsc-text-wrapper"> <span class="gsc-welcome-text">Let us help you with your search</span> </div> <div class="cell"> <label id="searchbox-label" class="hidden" aria-label="Enter your Search Criteria.">Enter your Search Criteria.</label> <input type="text" maxlength="255" id="audience-search" name="q" value="" aria-labelledby="searchbox-label" placeholder="Search for..."/> </div> <div class="cell medium-6"> <button class="button gsc-modal-button-submit" type="submit" name="search-by" value="all">Search</button> </div> <div class="cell medium-6"> <button type="button" class="button gsc-modal-button-close" data-close>Cancel</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/188","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":true,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"bu":{"notify_ie":-2,"notify_firefox":-2,"notify_opera":-2,"notify_safari":-2,"notify_chrome":-2,"insecure":true,"unsupported":false,"mobile":true,"visibility_type":"hide","visibility_pages":"admin\/*","source":"\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231001065301\/https:\/\/browser-update.org\/update.min.js","show_source":"","position":"top","text_override":"","reminder":6,"reminder_closed":6,"new_window":true,"url":"","no_close":false,"test_mode":false},"cookieconsent":{"message":"This site uses cookies to improve your experience on our site. By using our site, you consent to cookies. To find out more, read our updated","dismiss":"Accept","learnMore":"privacy statement.","link":"\/privacy.html","path":"\/","expiry":365,"target":"_blank","domain":".www.ucr.edu","markup":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cc_banner cc_container cc_container--open\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ca href=\u0022#null\u0022 data-cc-event=\u0022click:dismiss\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 class=\u0022cc_btn cc_btn_accept_all\u0022\u003EAccept\u003C\/a\u003E\n \u003Cp class=\u0022cc_message\u0022\u003EThis site uses cookies to improve your experience on our site. By using our site, you consent to cookies. To find out more, read our updated \u003Ca data-cc-if=\u0022options.link\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 class=\u0022cc_more_info\u0022 href=\u0022\/privacy.html\u0022\u003Eprivacy statement.\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Ca class=\u0022cc_logo\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 href=\u0022http:\/\/silktide.com\/cookieconsent\u0022\u003ECookie Consent plugin for the EU cookie law\u003C\/a\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n","container":null,"theme":false},"google_analytics":{"account":{},"trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip"},"ajax":[],"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"13b92bc157ed30258d2458d4a5c0970e02f08d1b74fce853184e42c57629785a"}}</script> <script src="/web/20231001065301js_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_m89Qf8Hjnz_g1U_RhWiqpY0MwN8i9-a2GzfaD5TVk2Y.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001065301js_/https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" async></script> <script src="/web/20231001065301js_/https://www.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_okq6WdT2SuZLx9c2hp_eVQ0oRIg-9aAp88HvUdhunHY.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-0de623aba108f996302","applicationID":"277918614","transactionName":"YABWZRYFVhBXBUMLDFlKdVIQDVcNGRZWBQZoBlVSDAE=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":40,"atts":"TEdVE14fRR4=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

UC Riverside | University of California, Riverside