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data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Conflict of Values"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-2fbea599-8bd6-4f14-8e32-76ea2bdcf8c5"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-2fbea599-8bd6-4f14-8e32-76ea2bdcf8c5"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Laurie Morrison</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892341"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892341/CAEP_2014_Academic_Symposium_How_to_make_research_succeed_in_your_emergency_department_How_to_develop_and_train_career_researchers_in_emergency_medicine"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of CAEP 2014 Academic Symposium: "How to make research succeed in your emergency department: How to develop and train career researchers in emergency medicine" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42129254/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892341/CAEP_2014_Academic_Symposium_How_to_make_research_succeed_in_your_emergency_department_How_to_develop_and_train_career_researchers_in_emergency_medicine">CAEP 2014 Academic Symposium: "How to make research succeed in your emergency department: How to develop and train career researchers in emergency medicine</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>CJEM</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We sought to 1) identify best practices for training and mentoring clinician researchers, 2) char...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We sought to 1) identify best practices for training and mentoring clinician researchers, 2) characterize facilitators and barriers for Canadian emergency medicine researchers, and 3) develop pragmatic recommendations to improve and standardize emergency medicine postgraduate research training programs to build research capacity. We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase using search terms relevant to emergency medicine research fellowship/graduate training. We conducted an email survey of all Canadian emergency physician researchers. The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) research fellowship program was analysed, and other similar international programs were sought. An expert panel reviewed these data and presented recommendations at the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) 2014 Academic Symposium. We refined our recommendations based on feedback received. Of 1,246 potentially relevant citations, we included 10 articles. We identified five ke...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="498be98ed9d532264ef29bf53d7b13de" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42129254,"asset_id":18892341,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42129254/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892341"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892341"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892341; 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Despite consensus guidelines recommending this intervention, few emergency medical services (EMS) employ this. The authors systematically reviewed the literature to report whether mortality or treatment time intervals improved when compared with standard care.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b5c7823583fbd659374a8fb8770acf24" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40313993,"asset_id":18892340,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313993/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892340"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892340"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892340; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892339"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892339/Exploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_build_capacity_for_knowledge_translation_research_and_practice_protocol_for_a_qualitative_study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Exploring mentorship as a strategy to build capacity for knowledge translation research and practice: protocol for a qualitative study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40313996/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892339/Exploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_build_capacity_for_knowledge_translation_research_and_practice_protocol_for_a_qualitative_study">Exploring mentorship as a strategy to build capacity for knowledge translation research and practice: protocol for a qualitative study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: Research funders, educators, investigators and decision makers worldwide have identif...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: Research funders, educators, investigators and decision makers worldwide have identified the need to improve the quality of health care by building capacity for knowledge translation (KT) research and practice. Peer-based mentorship represents a vehicle to foster KT capacity. The purpose of this exploratory study is to identify mentoring models that could be used to build KT capacity, consult with putative mentee stakeholders to understand their KT mentorship needs and preferences, and generate recommendations for the content and format of KT mentorship strategies or programs, and how they could be tested through future research.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="53169b39ef682dea084165af14b65537" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40313996,"asset_id":18892339,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313996/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892339"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892339"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892339; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892339]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892339]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892339; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18892339']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "53169b39ef682dea084165af14b65537" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18892339]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18892339,"title":"Exploring mentorship as a strategy to build capacity for knowledge translation research and practice: protocol for a qualitative study","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18892339/Exploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_build_capacity_for_knowledge_translation_research_and_practice_protocol_for_a_qualitative_study","owner_id":39010904,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":39010904,"first_name":"Laurie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morrison","page_name":"LaurieMorrison1","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-23T18:07:12.967-08:00","display_name":"Laurie Morrison","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1"},"attachments":[{"id":40313996,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40313996/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Exploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_bu20151123-21401-pujvw1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313996/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Exploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_bu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/40313996/Exploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_bu20151123-21401-pujvw1-libre.pdf?1448331022=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_bu.pdf\u0026Expires=1740015169\u0026Signature=S7D~WIaOSMJ9-Wf8gsUQG~xzPewHkxy0WUEIi5-ZuuDvs8cvu10URySq9QVkV1A8xwqkq2GrOcmf48adtxe3GjFQ~0aFbRmzdG9nxrQFEGBZOXAH4DyciS-E~BlTy3igNkIPzJAzkQKU9SzmEvxzkTCHzfSkUBAh-WMiZ4-eao-d35nfdBU1MiviS69DEPuMGvdFtAMkwVlFhMkp3jOMR5hy21yDnZIu1bsQQxf2fMip5vTH8JXC9hiyDBJlGQXDjh7pdH17R0zVZTITpez22CUzEVuRE06nxink5U5qFQ4-31kbsRvUQDVl~l3VALL6F0b1vgMwnrh~CMy8ImxFEQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892338"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892338/Management_of_cardiac_arrest_in_pregnancy_A_systematic_review"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Management of cardiac arrest in pregnancy: A systematic review" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42129245/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892338/Management_of_cardiac_arrest_in_pregnancy_A_systematic_review">Management of cardiac arrest in pregnancy: A systematic review</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To describe the consensus on science pertaining to resuscitation of the pregnant patient. Systema...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To describe the consensus on science pertaining to resuscitation of the pregnant patient. Systematic review. EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Evidence Based Reviews, American Heart Association library and bibliographies of selected articles. The following inclusion criteria were used: pregnancy and cardiac arrest out of hospital, pregnancy and cardiac arrest in hospital, cardiovascular, respiratory, fetal survival, and pharmacology as they relate to cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Non-English papers, case reports and reviews were excluded. Studies were selected through an independent review of titles, abstracts and full article. Two reviewers independently graded the methodological quality of selected articles. 1305 articles were identified and 5 were selected for further review. There were no randomized trials and overall the quality of the selected studies was good. Two studies examined chest compressions on a manikin in left lateral tilt from the horizontal and concluded that although feasible with increasing degrees of tilt forcefulness of the chest compressions decreases. The third study observed the transthoracic impedance was not altered during pregnancy. One case series and one retrospective cohort study reviewed perimortem cesarean section. Both reports concluded that perimortem cesarean section is rarely done within the recommended time frame of 5 min after the onset of maternal cardiac arrest. Usual defibrillation dosages are likely appropriate in pregnancy. Perimortem cesarean section is an intervention which is rarely done within 5 min to optimize maternal salvage from cardiac arrest. Chest compressions in left lateral tilt are less forceful compared to the supine position.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b291b7f014885798815434eaca6e645b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42129245,"asset_id":18892338,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42129245/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892338"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892338"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892338; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892338]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892338]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892338; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18892338']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892337"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892337/Volume_versus_Outcome_More_Emergency_Medical_Services_Personnel_On_scene_and_Increased_Survival_after_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Volume versus Outcome: More Emergency Medical Services Personnel On-scene and Increased Survival after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892337/Volume_versus_Outcome_More_Emergency_Medical_Services_Personnel_On_scene_and_Increased_Survival_after_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest">Volume versus Outcome: More Emergency Medical Services Personnel On-scene and Increased Survival after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The large regional variation in survival after treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The large regional variation in survival after treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is incompletely explained. Communities respond to OHCA with differing number of emergency medical services (EMS) personnel who respond to the scene. The effect of different numbers of EMS personnel on-scene upon outcomes is unclear. We sought to evaluate the association between number of EMS personnel on-scene and survival after OHCA. We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 16,122 EMS-treated OHCA events from December 1, 2005 to May 31, 2007 from a combined population over 21 million people residing in an area of over 33,000 square miles in Canada and the United States. Number of EMS personnel on-scene was defined as the number of EMS personnel who responded to the scene of OHCA within 15min after 9-1-1 call receipt and prior to patient death or transport away from the scene. Associations with survival to hospital discharge were assessed by using generalized estimating equations to construct multivariable logistic regression models. Compared to a reference number of EMS personnel on-scene of 5 or 6, 7 or 8 EMS personnel on-scene was associated with a higher rate of survival to hospital discharge, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.35 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.73). There was no significant difference in survival between 5 or 6 personnel on-scene versus fewer. More EMS personnel on-scene within 15min of 9-1-1 call was associated with improved survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. It is unlikely that this finding was mediated solely by earlier CPR or earlier defibrillation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892337"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892337"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892337; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892337]").text(description); 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892336"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892336/The_association_between_manual_mode_defibrillation_pre_shock_pause_duration_and_appropriate_shock_delivery_when_employed_by_basic_life_support_paramedics_during_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The association between manual mode defibrillation, pre-shock pause duration and appropriate shock delivery when employed by basic life support paramedics during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40314012/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892336/The_association_between_manual_mode_defibrillation_pre_shock_pause_duration_and_appropriate_shock_delivery_when_employed_by_basic_life_support_paramedics_during_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest">The association between manual mode defibrillation, pre-shock pause duration and appropriate shock delivery when employed by basic life support paramedics during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1">Laurie Morrison</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/IanDrennan">Ian Drennan</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: Pre-shock pause duration of <20 s is associated with improved survival after cardiac ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: Pre-shock pause duration of <20 s is associated with improved survival after cardiac arrest. Manual mode defibrillation has been associated with the shortest duration of pre-shock pause but is largely practiced by advanced life support paramedics (ALS) whereas defibrillator only paramedics (basic life support or BLS) routinely use the defibrillator in automatic mode. Objective: We sought to explore the relationship between manual mode defibrillation, pre-shock pause duration and rate of inappropriate shocks when defibrillation is provided by ALS vs. BLS trained in manual mode defibrillation. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all treated non-traumatic adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) presenting in a shockable rhythm over a one year period beginning January 1, 2012. Our primary outcome measure was the proportion of manual mode shocks delivered by BLS with pre-shock pause duration of <20 s when compared to ALS. Our secondary outcome measures were the duration of pre-, post-and peri-shock pause and the proportion of appropriate shocks (defined as correct identification and shock delivery to patients in a shockable rhythm) delivered by either level of paramedic. This study had a power of 90% to detect an absolute difference of 15% between paramedic levels in proportion of shocks delivered with pre-shock pause duration <20 s. Results: Among 2019 treated OHCA, 335 (20%) presented in a shockable rhythm. Manual defibrillation was performed in 155 (46%) of these cases (196 shocks by ALS, 143 shocks by BLS). There were no differences in the proportion of shocks delivered with pre-shock pause duration <20 s (ALS 82.8% vs. BLS 84.8%, p = .65) nor pre-shock pause duration (s) (median, Q1, Q3); ALS: 12.0 (7.0,17.0) vs. BLS: 11.0 (5.0,17.0), p = .13 while BLS had a significantly shorter peri-shock pause duration (s) (median, Q1, Q3); ALS: 17.0 (12.0, 23.0) vs. BLS: 15.0 (9.0, 22.0), p = .05. There were no differences in the rate of inappropriate shocks (ALS 1.0% vs. BLS 0.7%), p = 1.0 between levels of paramedics. Conclusions: Manual mode defibrillation by BLS paramedics produced similar measures of pre-shock pause duration when compared to ALS paramedics without increasing the incidence of inappropriate shocks. Further study is required to determine the potential impact of BLS manual mode defibrillation on clinical outcomes.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f071e68eb263dcbfc59156d58d771cb5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40314012,"asset_id":18892336,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40314012/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892336"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892336"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892336; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f071e68eb263dcbfc59156d58d771cb5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18892336]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18892336,"title":"The association between manual mode defibrillation, pre-shock pause duration and appropriate shock delivery when employed by basic life support paramedics during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18892336/The_association_between_manual_mode_defibrillation_pre_shock_pause_duration_and_appropriate_shock_delivery_when_employed_by_basic_life_support_paramedics_during_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest","owner_id":39010904,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":39010904,"first_name":"Laurie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morrison","page_name":"LaurieMorrison1","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-23T18:07:12.967-08:00","display_name":"Laurie Morrison","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1"},"attachments":[{"id":40314012,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40314012/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_association_between_manual_mode_defi20151123-17628-1xqnafk.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40314012/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_association_between_manual_mode_defi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/40314012/The_association_between_manual_mode_defi20151123-17628-1xqnafk-libre.pdf?1448331021=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_association_between_manual_mode_defi.pdf\u0026Expires=1739610213\u0026Signature=RgRJ8gttRzxhGso0-yPk790dXDrmEk2Zki62U01WsXeAU1bVu0uEc4iFoqcRQj1wTsKn2MopaeKqA55TFkl~iSricvsBONhistgspKKM53IZwlqDY6ClbxMBw2FITabA~yzsc~ZeBpVaUgDr~qLc4QV~Ic721kMqFeaQQid9VVSK65okPSctne8CzDCZfakB6RHnvIo1UP6qyY4aCdpDjqTWfk1k1eP8Dq80NYolRd0A2GDiY5hO4l0lZzakfcqJbqCYbUAmYtV-GhUxb2tvbn6bZkWbKeEKV0KawmuCsn02wNsIYzj2x6UUznuEadYvL6QyypBG2efObx66AXIgFA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892335"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892335/Regarding_manuscript_Resuscitation_Outcomes_Consortium_Amiodarone_Lidocaine_or_Placebo_study_Rationale_and_methodology_behind_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_antiarrhythmic_drug_trial_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Regarding manuscript: “Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium–Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo study: Rationale and methodology behind out-of-hospital cardiac arrest antiarrhythmic drug trial”" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892335/Regarding_manuscript_Resuscitation_Outcomes_Consortium_Amiodarone_Lidocaine_or_Placebo_study_Rationale_and_methodology_behind_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_antiarrhythmic_drug_trial_">Regarding manuscript: “Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium–Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo study: Rationale and methodology behind out-of-hospital cardiac arrest antiarrhythmic drug trial”</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>American Heart Journal</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892335"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892335"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892335; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892335]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892335]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892335; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18892335']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18892335]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18892335,"title":"Regarding manuscript: “Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium–Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo study: Rationale and methodology behind out-of-hospital cardiac arrest antiarrhythmic drug trial”","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18892335/Regarding_manuscript_Resuscitation_Outcomes_Consortium_Amiodarone_Lidocaine_or_Placebo_study_Rationale_and_methodology_behind_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_antiarrhythmic_drug_trial_","owner_id":39010904,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":39010904,"first_name":"Laurie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morrison","page_name":"LaurieMorrison1","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-23T18:07:12.967-08:00","display_name":"Laurie Morrison","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892334"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892334/Trends_in_short_and_long_term_survival_among_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_patients_alive_at_hospital_arrival"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Trends in short- and long-term survival among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients alive at hospital arrival" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892334/Trends_in_short_and_long_term_survival_among_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_patients_alive_at_hospital_arrival">Trends in short- and long-term survival among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients alive at hospital arrival</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Circulation</span><span>, Jan 18, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with a poor prognosis and poses a significant...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with a poor prognosis and poses a significant burden to the healthcare system, but few studies have evaluated whether OHCA incidence and survival have changed over time. A population-based cohort study was conducted, including 34 291 OHCA patients &gt;20 years of age who were transported alive to the emergency department of an acute-care hospital from April 1, 2002, to March 31, 2012, in Ontario, Canada. Patients with life-threatening trauma and those who died before hospital arrival were excluded. The overall age- and sex-standardized incidence of OHCA patients who were transported alive was 36 cases per 100 000 persons and did not significantly change over the study period. Cardiac risk factor prevalence increased significantly, whereas the rate of most cardiovascular conditions decreased significantly. The 30-day survival improved from 9.4% in 2002 to 13.6% in 2011; 1-year survival improved from 7.7% to 11.8% (P&lt;0.001). Patie...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892334"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892334"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892334; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892334]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892334]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892334; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18892334']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18892334]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18892334,"title":"Trends in short- and long-term survival among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients alive at hospital arrival","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18892334/Trends_in_short_and_long_term_survival_among_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_patients_alive_at_hospital_arrival","owner_id":39010904,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":39010904,"first_name":"Laurie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morrison","page_name":"LaurieMorrison1","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-23T18:07:12.967-08:00","display_name":"Laurie Morrison","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892333"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892333/Compressions_during_defibrillator_charging_shortens_shock_pause_duration_and_improves_chest_compression_fraction_during_shockable_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Compressions during defibrillator charging shortens shock pause duration and improves chest compression fraction during shockable out of hospital cardiac arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40314000/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892333/Compressions_during_defibrillator_charging_shortens_shock_pause_duration_and_improves_chest_compression_fraction_during_shockable_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest">Compressions during defibrillator charging shortens shock pause duration and improves chest compression fraction during shockable out of hospital cardiac arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: Previous studies have demonstrated significant relationships between shock pause dura...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: Previous studies have demonstrated significant relationships between shock pause duration and survival to hospital discharge from shockable out-of hospital (OHCA) cardiac arrest. Compressions during defibrillator charging (CDC) has been proposed as a technique to shorten shock pause duration. Objective: We sought to determine the impact of CDC on shock pause duration and CPR quality measures in shockable OHCA. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all treated adult OHCA occurring over a 1 year period beginning August 1, 2011 after training EMS agencies in CDC. We included OHCA patients with an initial shockable rhythm, available CPR process data and shock pause data for up to the first three shocks of the resuscitation. CDC by EMS personnel was confirmed by review of impedance channel measures. We evaluated the relationship between CDC and shock pause duration as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures investigated the association between CDC and CPR quality measures. Results: Among 747 treated OHCA 149 (23.4%) presented in a shockable rhythm of which 129 (81.6%) met study inclusion criteria. Seventy (54.2%) received CDC. There was no significant difference between the CDC and no CDC group with respect to Utstein variables. Median pre-shock pause (15.0 vs. 3.5 s; 11.5; 95% CI: 6.81, 16.19), post-shock pause (4.0 vs. 3.0 s; 1.0; 95% CI: −2.57, 4.57), and peri-shock pause (21.0 vs. 9.0 s; 12.0; 95% CI: 5.03, 18.97) were all lower for those who received CDC. Mean chest compression fraction was significantly greater (0.77 vs. 0.70, 0.07; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.11) with CDC. No significant difference was noted in compression rate or depth with CDC. Clinical outcomes did not differ between the two approaches (return of spontaneous circulation 62.7% vs. 62.9% p = 0.98, survival 25.4% vs. 27.1% p = 0.82), although the study was not powered to detect clinical outcome differences. Conclusions: Compressions during defibrillator charging may shorten shock pause duration and improves chest compression fraction in shockable OHCA. Given the impact on shock pause duration, further study with a larger sample size is required to determine the impact of this technique on clinical outcomes from shockable OHCA.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0dd3ddc34da613040eff607944b1a9cf" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40314000,"asset_id":18892333,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40314000/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892333"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892333"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892333; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892332"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892332/The_association_between_chest_compression_release_velocity_and_outcomes_from_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The association between chest compression release velocity and outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40313999/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892332/The_association_between_chest_compression_release_velocity_and_outcomes_from_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest">The association between chest compression release velocity and outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: Previous studies have demonstrated significant relationships between cardiopulmonary ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: Previous studies have demonstrated significant relationships between cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality metrics and survival to hospital discharge from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Recently, it has been suggested that a new metric, chest compression release velocity (CCRV), may be associated with improved survival from OHCA. Methods and results: We performed a retrospective review of all treated adult OHCA occurring over a two year period beginning January 1, 2012. CPR metrics were abstracted from accelerometer measurements during each resuscitation. Multivariable regression analysis was used to examine the impact of CCRV on survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcome measures were the impact of CCRV on return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and neurologically intact survival (MRS ≤ 3). Among 1800 treated OHCA, 1137 met inclusion criteria. The median (IQR) age was 71.6 (60.6, 82.3) with 724 (64%) being male. The median (IQR) CCRV (mm/s) amongst 96 survivors was 334.5 (300.0, 383.2) compared to 304.0 (262.6, 354.1) in 1041 non survivors (p < 0.001). When adjusted for Utstein variables, the odds of survival to hospital discharge for each 10 mm/s increase in CCRV was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.06). Similarly the odds of ROSC and neurologically intact survival were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.03) and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.06), respectively. Conclusions: When adjusted for Utstein variables, CCRV was not significantly associated with outcomes from OHCA. Further research in other EMS systems is required to clarify the potential impact of this variable on OHCA survival.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a851e7daae3732710e2eacd2d714e0a8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40313999,"asset_id":18892332,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313999/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892332"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892332"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892332; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="14011972"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/14011972/A_Randomized_Trial_of_Continuous_Versus_Interrupted_Chest_Compressions_in_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest_Rationale_for_and_Design_of_the_Resuscitation_Outcomes_Consortium_CCC_Trial"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Randomized Trial of Continuous Versus Interrupted Chest Compressions in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Rationale for and Design of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium CCC Trial" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/14011972/A_Randomized_Trial_of_Continuous_Versus_Interrupted_Chest_Compressions_in_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest_Rationale_for_and_Design_of_the_Resuscitation_Outcomes_Consortium_CCC_Trial">A Randomized Trial of Continuous Versus Interrupted Chest Compressions in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Rationale for and Design of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium CCC Trial</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://mcw.academia.edu/TomAufderheide">Tom Aufderheide</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1">Laurie Morrison</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>American Heart Journal</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium is conducting a randomized trial comparing survival with ho...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium is conducting a randomized trial comparing survival with hospital discharge after continuous chest compressions without interruption for ventilation versus currently recommended American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation with interrupted chest compressions in adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest without obvious trauma or respiratory cause. Emergency medical services perform study cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 3 intervals of manual chest compressions (each ~2 minutes) or until restoration of spontaneous circulation. Patients randomized to the continuous chest compression intervention receive 200 chest compressions with positive pressure ventilations at a rate of 10/min without interruption in compressions. Those randomized to the interrupted chest compression study arm receive chest compressions interrupted for positive pressure ventilations at a compression:ventilation ratio of 30:2. In either group, each interval of compressions is followed by rhythm analysis and defibrillation as required. Insertion of an advanced airway is deferred for the first ≥6 minutes to reduce interruptions in either study arm. The study uses a cluster randomized design with every-6-month crossovers. The primary outcome is survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes are neurologically intact survival and adverse events. A maximum of 23,600 patients (11,800 per group) enrolled during the post-run-in phase of the study will provide ≥90% power to detect a relative change of 16% in the rate of survival to discharge, 8.1% to 9.4% with overall significance level of 0.05. If this trial demonstrates improved survival with either strategy, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;3,000 premature deaths from cardiac arrest would be averted annually.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="14011972"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14011972"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14011972; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892331"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892331/Improving_Use_of_Targeted_Temperature_Management_After_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Improving Use of Targeted Temperature Management After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40314001/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892331/Improving_Use_of_Targeted_Temperature_Management_After_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest">Improving Use of Targeted Temperature Management After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Critical Care Medicine</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">3 effectiveness of QI interventions that were designed to target diverse clinicians from differen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">3 effectiveness of QI interventions that were designed to target diverse clinicians from different specialties and to be feasible in a wide range of facilities (21). VF = ventricular fibrillation, VT = ventricular tachycardia, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale. a GCS is the highest documented score after the last sustained return of spontaneous circulation defined as palpable pulse in any vessel for at least 20 min. 7 PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention, DNR = do not resuscitate. a p = 0.007 for comparison (chi-square) across baseline, passive, and active phases. b p < 0.0001 for comparison (chi-square) across baseline, passive, and active phases.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="000fd0916411d5ece203e242b1ad8e28" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40314001,"asset_id":18892331,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40314001/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892331"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892331"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892331; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892331]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892331; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18892331']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892330"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892330/Adrenaline_for_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_resuscitation_a_systematic_review_and_meta_analysis_of_randomized_controlled_trials"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Adrenaline for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892330/Adrenaline_for_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_resuscitation_a_systematic_review_and_meta_analysis_of_randomized_controlled_trials">Adrenaline for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The evidence for adrenaline in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation is inconclusiv...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The evidence for adrenaline in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation is inconclusive. We systematically reviewed the efficacy of adrenaline for adult OHCA. We searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from inception to July 2013 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating standard dose adrenaline (SDA) to placebo, high dose adrenaline (HDA), or vasopressin (alone or combination) in adult OHCA patients. Meta-analyses were performed using random effects modeling. Subgroup analyses were performed stratified by cardiac rhythm and by number of drug doses. The primary outcome was survival to discharge and the secondary outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to admission, and neurological outcome. Fourteen RCTs (n=12,246) met inclusion criteria: one compared SDA to placebo (n=534), six compared SDA to HDA (n=6174), six compared SDA to an adrenaline/vasopressin combination (n=5202), and one compared SDA to vasopressin alone (n=336). There was no survival to discharge or neurological outcome differences in any comparison group, including subgroup analyses. SDA showed improved ROSC (RR 2.80, 95%CI 1.78-4.41, p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001) and survival to admission (RR 1.95, 95%CI 1.34-2.84, p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001) compared to placebo. SDA showed decreased ROSC (RR 0.85, 95%CI 0.75-0.97, p=0.02; I(2)=48%) and survival to admission (RR 0.87, 95%CI 0.76-1.00, p=0.049; I(2)=34%) compared to HDA. There were no differences in outcomes between SDA and vasopressin alone or in combination with adrenaline. There was no benefit of adrenaline in survival to discharge or neurological outcomes. There were improved rates of survival to admission and ROSC with SDA over placebo and HDA over SDA.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892330"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892330"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892330; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892330]").text(description); 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892329"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892329/Resuscitation_Reply_to_Letter_to_the_Editor_re_Adrenaline_in_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Resuscitation: Reply to Letter to the Editor re: Adrenaline in out-of hospital cardiac arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892329/Resuscitation_Reply_to_Letter_to_the_Editor_re_Adrenaline_in_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest">Resuscitation: Reply to Letter to the Editor re: Adrenaline in out-of hospital cardiac arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892329"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892329"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892329; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18892329]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18892329,"title":"Resuscitation: Reply to Letter to the Editor re: Adrenaline in out-of hospital cardiac arrest","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18892329/Resuscitation_Reply_to_Letter_to_the_Editor_re_Adrenaline_in_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest","owner_id":39010904,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":39010904,"first_name":"Laurie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morrison","page_name":"LaurieMorrison1","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-23T18:07:12.967-08:00","display_name":"Laurie Morrison","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="14011971"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/14011971/What_is_the_Optimal_Chest_Compression_Depth_During_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest_Resuscitation_of_Adult_Patients"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What is the Optimal Chest Compression Depth During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation of Adult Patients?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/14011971/What_is_the_Optimal_Chest_Compression_Depth_During_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest_Resuscitation_of_Adult_Patients">What is the Optimal Chest Compression Depth During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation of Adult Patients?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://mcw.academia.edu/TomAufderheide">Tom Aufderheide</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1">Laurie Morrison</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The 2010 American Heart Association guidelines suggested an increase in cardiopulmonary resuscita...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The 2010 American Heart Association guidelines suggested an increase in cardiopulmonary resuscitation compression depth with a target &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;50 mm and no upper limit. This target is based on limited evidence, and we sought to determine the optimal compression depth range. We studied emergency medical services-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Prehospital Resuscitation Impedance Valve and Early Versus Delayed Analysis clinical trial and the Epistry-Cardiac Arrest database. We calculated adjusted odds ratios for survival to hospital discharge, 1-day survival, and any return of circulation. We included 9136 adult patients from 9 US and Canadian cities with a mean age of 67.5 years, mean compression depth of 41.9 mm, and a return of circulation of 31.3%, 1-day survival of 22.8%, and survival to hospital discharge of 7.3%. For survival to discharge, the adjusted odds ratios were 1.04 (95% CI, 1.00-1.08) for each 5-mm increment in compression depth, 1.45 (95% CI, 1.20-1.76) for cases within 2005 depth range (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;38 mm), and 1.05 (95% CI, 1.03-1.08) for percentage of minutes in depth range (10% change). Covariate-adjusted spline curves revealed that the maximum survival is at a depth of 45.6 mm (15-mm interval with highest survival between 40.3 and 55.3 mm) with no differences between men and women. This large study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients demonstrated that increased cardiopulmonary resuscitation compression depth is strongly associated with better survival. Our adjusted analyses, however, found that maximum survival was in the depth interval of 40.3 to 55.3 mm (peak, 45.6 mm), suggesting that the 2010 American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation guideline target may be too high. <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov" rel="nofollow">http://www.clinicaltrials.gov</a>. Unique identifier: NCT00394706.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="14011971"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14011971"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14011971; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14011971]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14011971]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892328"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892328/Validation_of_a_universal_prehospital_termination_of_resuscitation_clinical_prediction_rule_for_advanced_and_basic_life_support_providers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Validation of a universal prehospital termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule for advanced and basic life support providers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40313997/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892328/Validation_of_a_universal_prehospital_termination_of_resuscitation_clinical_prediction_rule_for_advanced_and_basic_life_support_providers">Validation of a universal prehospital termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule for advanced and basic life support providers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9401ab1534e03988fe61a8703e2137c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40313997,"asset_id":18892328,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313997/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892328"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892328"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892328; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892327"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892327/Apples_to_apples_or_apples_to_oranges_International_variation_in_reporting_of_process_and_outcome_of_care_for_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Apples to apples or apples to oranges? International variation in reporting of process and outcome of care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40313994/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892327/Apples_to_apples_or_apples_to_oranges_International_variation_in_reporting_of_process_and_outcome_of_care_for_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest">Apples to apples or apples to oranges? International variation in reporting of process and outcome of care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) varies between communities, due in part to v...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) varies between communities, due in part to variation in the methods of measurement. The Utstein template was disseminated to standardize comparisons of risk factors, quality of care, and outcomes in patients with OHCA. We sought to assess whether OHCA registries are able to collate common data using the Utstein template. A subsequent study will assess whether the Utstein factors explain differences in survival between emergency medical services (EMS) systems. Retrospective study. This retrospective analysis of prospective cohorts included adults treated for OHCA, regardless of the etiology of arrest. Data describing the baseline characteristics of patients, and the process and outcome of their care were grouped by EMS system, de-identified, and then collated. Included were core Utstein variables and timed event data from each participating registry. This study was classified as exempt from human subjects&#39; research by a researc...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="79d89314298b852f94e1bef27fd89047" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40313994,"asset_id":18892327,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313994/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892327"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892327"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892327; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892327]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892327]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892327; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18892327']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "79d89314298b852f94e1bef27fd89047" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18892327]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18892327,"title":"Apples to apples or apples to oranges? 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Relevant articles were identified using PubMed, EMBASE and an American Heart Association EndNote master resuscitation reference library, supplemented by hand searches of key papers. Writing groups comprising international experts were assigned to each section. Drafts of the document were circulated to all authors for comment and amendment. The 4 key components of post-cardiac arrest syndrome were identified as (1) post-cardiac arrest brain injury, (2) post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction, (3) systemic ischaemia/reperfusion response, and (4) persistent precipitating pathology. A growing body of knowledge suggests that the individual components of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome are potentially treatable.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892326"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892326"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892326; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892326]").text(description); 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no shock administered; EMS personnel did not witness the arrest [Morrison LJ, Visentin LM, Kiss A, et al. Validation of a rule for termination of resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2006;355(5):478-87].</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5822670e473d0e1381348c04f54cde00" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40313998,"asset_id":18892325,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313998/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892325"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892325"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892325; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892324"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892324/Strategies_for_improving_post_arrest_care_The_S_P_A_R_C_hypothermia_project"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Strategies for improving post arrest care: The S.P.A.R.C. hypothermia project" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892324/Strategies_for_improving_post_arrest_care_The_S_P_A_R_C_hypothermia_project">Strategies for improving post arrest care: The S.P.A.R.C. hypothermia project</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892324"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892324"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892324; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892324]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892324]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892324; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18892324']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase using search terms relevant to emergency medicine research fellowship/graduate training. We conducted an email survey of all Canadian emergency physician researchers. The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) research fellowship program was analysed, and other similar international programs were sought. An expert panel reviewed these data and presented recommendations at the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) 2014 Academic Symposium. We refined our recommendations based on feedback received. Of 1,246 potentially relevant citations, we included 10 articles. We identified five ke...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="498be98ed9d532264ef29bf53d7b13de" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42129254,"asset_id":18892341,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42129254/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892341"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892341"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892341; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892340"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892340/Prehospital_12_lead_Electrocardiography_Impact_on_Acute_Myocardial_Infarction_Treatment_Times_and_Mortality_A_Systematic_Review"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Prehospital 12-lead Electrocardiography Impact on Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment Times and Mortality: A Systematic Review" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40313993/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892340/Prehospital_12_lead_Electrocardiography_Impact_on_Acute_Myocardial_Infarction_Treatment_Times_and_Mortality_A_Systematic_Review">Prehospital 12-lead Electrocardiography Impact on Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment Times and Mortality: A Systematic Review</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objectives: Prehospital 12-lead electrocardiogram (PHECG) interpretation and advance emergency de...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objectives: Prehospital 12-lead electrocardiogram (PHECG) interpretation and advance emergency department (ED) notification may improve time-to-treatment intervals for a variety of treatment strategies to improve outcome in acute myocardial infarction. Despite consensus guidelines recommending this intervention, few emergency medical services (EMS) employ this. The authors systematically reviewed the literature to report whether mortality or treatment time intervals improved when compared with standard care.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b5c7823583fbd659374a8fb8770acf24" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40313993,"asset_id":18892340,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313993/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892340"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892340"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892340; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892339"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892339/Exploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_build_capacity_for_knowledge_translation_research_and_practice_protocol_for_a_qualitative_study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Exploring mentorship as a strategy to build capacity for knowledge translation research and practice: protocol for a qualitative study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40313996/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892339/Exploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_build_capacity_for_knowledge_translation_research_and_practice_protocol_for_a_qualitative_study">Exploring mentorship as a strategy to build capacity for knowledge translation research and practice: protocol for a qualitative study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: Research funders, educators, investigators and decision makers worldwide have identif...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: Research funders, educators, investigators and decision makers worldwide have identified the need to improve the quality of health care by building capacity for knowledge translation (KT) research and practice. Peer-based mentorship represents a vehicle to foster KT capacity. The purpose of this exploratory study is to identify mentoring models that could be used to build KT capacity, consult with putative mentee stakeholders to understand their KT mentorship needs and preferences, and generate recommendations for the content and format of KT mentorship strategies or programs, and how they could be tested through future research.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="53169b39ef682dea084165af14b65537" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40313996,"asset_id":18892339,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313996/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892339"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892339"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892339; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892339]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892339]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892339; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18892339']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "53169b39ef682dea084165af14b65537" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18892339]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18892339,"title":"Exploring mentorship as a strategy to build capacity for knowledge translation research and practice: protocol for a qualitative study","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18892339/Exploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_build_capacity_for_knowledge_translation_research_and_practice_protocol_for_a_qualitative_study","owner_id":39010904,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":39010904,"first_name":"Laurie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morrison","page_name":"LaurieMorrison1","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-23T18:07:12.967-08:00","display_name":"Laurie Morrison","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1"},"attachments":[{"id":40313996,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40313996/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Exploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_bu20151123-21401-pujvw1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313996/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Exploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_bu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/40313996/Exploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_bu20151123-21401-pujvw1-libre.pdf?1448331022=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExploring_mentorship_as_a_strategy_to_bu.pdf\u0026Expires=1740015169\u0026Signature=S7D~WIaOSMJ9-Wf8gsUQG~xzPewHkxy0WUEIi5-ZuuDvs8cvu10URySq9QVkV1A8xwqkq2GrOcmf48adtxe3GjFQ~0aFbRmzdG9nxrQFEGBZOXAH4DyciS-E~BlTy3igNkIPzJAzkQKU9SzmEvxzkTCHzfSkUBAh-WMiZ4-eao-d35nfdBU1MiviS69DEPuMGvdFtAMkwVlFhMkp3jOMR5hy21yDnZIu1bsQQxf2fMip5vTH8JXC9hiyDBJlGQXDjh7pdH17R0zVZTITpez22CUzEVuRE06nxink5U5qFQ4-31kbsRvUQDVl~l3VALL6F0b1vgMwnrh~CMy8ImxFEQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892338"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892338/Management_of_cardiac_arrest_in_pregnancy_A_systematic_review"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Management of cardiac arrest in pregnancy: A systematic review" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42129245/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892338/Management_of_cardiac_arrest_in_pregnancy_A_systematic_review">Management of cardiac arrest in pregnancy: A systematic review</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To describe the consensus on science pertaining to resuscitation of the pregnant patient. Systema...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To describe the consensus on science pertaining to resuscitation of the pregnant patient. Systematic review. EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Evidence Based Reviews, American Heart Association library and bibliographies of selected articles. The following inclusion criteria were used: pregnancy and cardiac arrest out of hospital, pregnancy and cardiac arrest in hospital, cardiovascular, respiratory, fetal survival, and pharmacology as they relate to cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Non-English papers, case reports and reviews were excluded. Studies were selected through an independent review of titles, abstracts and full article. Two reviewers independently graded the methodological quality of selected articles. 1305 articles were identified and 5 were selected for further review. There were no randomized trials and overall the quality of the selected studies was good. Two studies examined chest compressions on a manikin in left lateral tilt from the horizontal and concluded that although feasible with increasing degrees of tilt forcefulness of the chest compressions decreases. The third study observed the transthoracic impedance was not altered during pregnancy. One case series and one retrospective cohort study reviewed perimortem cesarean section. Both reports concluded that perimortem cesarean section is rarely done within the recommended time frame of 5 min after the onset of maternal cardiac arrest. Usual defibrillation dosages are likely appropriate in pregnancy. Perimortem cesarean section is an intervention which is rarely done within 5 min to optimize maternal salvage from cardiac arrest. Chest compressions in left lateral tilt are less forceful compared to the supine position.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b291b7f014885798815434eaca6e645b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42129245,"asset_id":18892338,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42129245/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892338"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892338"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892338; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892338]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892338]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892338; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18892338']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892337"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892337/Volume_versus_Outcome_More_Emergency_Medical_Services_Personnel_On_scene_and_Increased_Survival_after_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Volume versus Outcome: More Emergency Medical Services Personnel On-scene and Increased Survival after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892337/Volume_versus_Outcome_More_Emergency_Medical_Services_Personnel_On_scene_and_Increased_Survival_after_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest">Volume versus Outcome: More Emergency Medical Services Personnel On-scene and Increased Survival after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The large regional variation in survival after treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The large regional variation in survival after treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is incompletely explained. Communities respond to OHCA with differing number of emergency medical services (EMS) personnel who respond to the scene. The effect of different numbers of EMS personnel on-scene upon outcomes is unclear. We sought to evaluate the association between number of EMS personnel on-scene and survival after OHCA. We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 16,122 EMS-treated OHCA events from December 1, 2005 to May 31, 2007 from a combined population over 21 million people residing in an area of over 33,000 square miles in Canada and the United States. Number of EMS personnel on-scene was defined as the number of EMS personnel who responded to the scene of OHCA within 15min after 9-1-1 call receipt and prior to patient death or transport away from the scene. Associations with survival to hospital discharge were assessed by using generalized estimating equations to construct multivariable logistic regression models. Compared to a reference number of EMS personnel on-scene of 5 or 6, 7 or 8 EMS personnel on-scene was associated with a higher rate of survival to hospital discharge, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.35 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.73). There was no significant difference in survival between 5 or 6 personnel on-scene versus fewer. More EMS personnel on-scene within 15min of 9-1-1 call was associated with improved survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. It is unlikely that this finding was mediated solely by earlier CPR or earlier defibrillation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892337"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892337"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892337; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892337]").text(description); 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892336"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892336/The_association_between_manual_mode_defibrillation_pre_shock_pause_duration_and_appropriate_shock_delivery_when_employed_by_basic_life_support_paramedics_during_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The association between manual mode defibrillation, pre-shock pause duration and appropriate shock delivery when employed by basic life support paramedics during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40314012/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892336/The_association_between_manual_mode_defibrillation_pre_shock_pause_duration_and_appropriate_shock_delivery_when_employed_by_basic_life_support_paramedics_during_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest">The association between manual mode defibrillation, pre-shock pause duration and appropriate shock delivery when employed by basic life support paramedics during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1">Laurie Morrison</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/IanDrennan">Ian Drennan</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: Pre-shock pause duration of <20 s is associated with improved survival after cardiac ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: Pre-shock pause duration of <20 s is associated with improved survival after cardiac arrest. Manual mode defibrillation has been associated with the shortest duration of pre-shock pause but is largely practiced by advanced life support paramedics (ALS) whereas defibrillator only paramedics (basic life support or BLS) routinely use the defibrillator in automatic mode. Objective: We sought to explore the relationship between manual mode defibrillation, pre-shock pause duration and rate of inappropriate shocks when defibrillation is provided by ALS vs. BLS trained in manual mode defibrillation. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all treated non-traumatic adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) presenting in a shockable rhythm over a one year period beginning January 1, 2012. Our primary outcome measure was the proportion of manual mode shocks delivered by BLS with pre-shock pause duration of <20 s when compared to ALS. Our secondary outcome measures were the duration of pre-, post-and peri-shock pause and the proportion of appropriate shocks (defined as correct identification and shock delivery to patients in a shockable rhythm) delivered by either level of paramedic. This study had a power of 90% to detect an absolute difference of 15% between paramedic levels in proportion of shocks delivered with pre-shock pause duration <20 s. Results: Among 2019 treated OHCA, 335 (20%) presented in a shockable rhythm. Manual defibrillation was performed in 155 (46%) of these cases (196 shocks by ALS, 143 shocks by BLS). There were no differences in the proportion of shocks delivered with pre-shock pause duration <20 s (ALS 82.8% vs. BLS 84.8%, p = .65) nor pre-shock pause duration (s) (median, Q1, Q3); ALS: 12.0 (7.0,17.0) vs. BLS: 11.0 (5.0,17.0), p = .13 while BLS had a significantly shorter peri-shock pause duration (s) (median, Q1, Q3); ALS: 17.0 (12.0, 23.0) vs. BLS: 15.0 (9.0, 22.0), p = .05. There were no differences in the rate of inappropriate shocks (ALS 1.0% vs. BLS 0.7%), p = 1.0 between levels of paramedics. Conclusions: Manual mode defibrillation by BLS paramedics produced similar measures of pre-shock pause duration when compared to ALS paramedics without increasing the incidence of inappropriate shocks. Further study is required to determine the potential impact of BLS manual mode defibrillation on clinical outcomes.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f071e68eb263dcbfc59156d58d771cb5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40314012,"asset_id":18892336,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40314012/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892336"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892336"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892336; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f071e68eb263dcbfc59156d58d771cb5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18892336]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18892336,"title":"The association between manual mode defibrillation, pre-shock pause duration and appropriate shock delivery when employed by basic life support paramedics during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18892336/The_association_between_manual_mode_defibrillation_pre_shock_pause_duration_and_appropriate_shock_delivery_when_employed_by_basic_life_support_paramedics_during_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest","owner_id":39010904,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":39010904,"first_name":"Laurie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morrison","page_name":"LaurieMorrison1","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-23T18:07:12.967-08:00","display_name":"Laurie Morrison","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1"},"attachments":[{"id":40314012,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40314012/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_association_between_manual_mode_defi20151123-17628-1xqnafk.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40314012/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_association_between_manual_mode_defi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/40314012/The_association_between_manual_mode_defi20151123-17628-1xqnafk-libre.pdf?1448331021=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_association_between_manual_mode_defi.pdf\u0026Expires=1739610213\u0026Signature=RgRJ8gttRzxhGso0-yPk790dXDrmEk2Zki62U01WsXeAU1bVu0uEc4iFoqcRQj1wTsKn2MopaeKqA55TFkl~iSricvsBONhistgspKKM53IZwlqDY6ClbxMBw2FITabA~yzsc~ZeBpVaUgDr~qLc4QV~Ic721kMqFeaQQid9VVSK65okPSctne8CzDCZfakB6RHnvIo1UP6qyY4aCdpDjqTWfk1k1eP8Dq80NYolRd0A2GDiY5hO4l0lZzakfcqJbqCYbUAmYtV-GhUxb2tvbn6bZkWbKeEKV0KawmuCsn02wNsIYzj2x6UUznuEadYvL6QyypBG2efObx66AXIgFA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892335"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892335/Regarding_manuscript_Resuscitation_Outcomes_Consortium_Amiodarone_Lidocaine_or_Placebo_study_Rationale_and_methodology_behind_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_antiarrhythmic_drug_trial_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Regarding manuscript: “Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium–Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo study: Rationale and methodology behind out-of-hospital cardiac arrest antiarrhythmic drug trial”" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892335/Regarding_manuscript_Resuscitation_Outcomes_Consortium_Amiodarone_Lidocaine_or_Placebo_study_Rationale_and_methodology_behind_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_antiarrhythmic_drug_trial_">Regarding manuscript: “Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium–Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo study: Rationale and methodology behind out-of-hospital cardiac arrest antiarrhythmic drug trial”</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>American Heart Journal</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892335"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892335"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892335; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892335]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892335]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892335; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18892335']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18892335]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18892335,"title":"Regarding manuscript: “Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium–Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo study: Rationale and methodology behind out-of-hospital cardiac arrest antiarrhythmic drug trial”","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18892335/Regarding_manuscript_Resuscitation_Outcomes_Consortium_Amiodarone_Lidocaine_or_Placebo_study_Rationale_and_methodology_behind_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_antiarrhythmic_drug_trial_","owner_id":39010904,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":39010904,"first_name":"Laurie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morrison","page_name":"LaurieMorrison1","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-23T18:07:12.967-08:00","display_name":"Laurie Morrison","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892334"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892334/Trends_in_short_and_long_term_survival_among_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_patients_alive_at_hospital_arrival"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Trends in short- and long-term survival among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients alive at hospital arrival" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892334/Trends_in_short_and_long_term_survival_among_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_patients_alive_at_hospital_arrival">Trends in short- and long-term survival among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients alive at hospital arrival</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Circulation</span><span>, Jan 18, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with a poor prognosis and poses a significant...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with a poor prognosis and poses a significant burden to the healthcare system, but few studies have evaluated whether OHCA incidence and survival have changed over time. A population-based cohort study was conducted, including 34 291 OHCA patients &gt;20 years of age who were transported alive to the emergency department of an acute-care hospital from April 1, 2002, to March 31, 2012, in Ontario, Canada. Patients with life-threatening trauma and those who died before hospital arrival were excluded. The overall age- and sex-standardized incidence of OHCA patients who were transported alive was 36 cases per 100 000 persons and did not significantly change over the study period. Cardiac risk factor prevalence increased significantly, whereas the rate of most cardiovascular conditions decreased significantly. The 30-day survival improved from 9.4% in 2002 to 13.6% in 2011; 1-year survival improved from 7.7% to 11.8% (P&lt;0.001). Patie...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892334"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892334"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892334; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892334]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892334]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892334; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18892334']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18892334]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18892334,"title":"Trends in short- and long-term survival among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients alive at hospital arrival","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18892334/Trends_in_short_and_long_term_survival_among_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_patients_alive_at_hospital_arrival","owner_id":39010904,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":39010904,"first_name":"Laurie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morrison","page_name":"LaurieMorrison1","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-23T18:07:12.967-08:00","display_name":"Laurie Morrison","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892333"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892333/Compressions_during_defibrillator_charging_shortens_shock_pause_duration_and_improves_chest_compression_fraction_during_shockable_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Compressions during defibrillator charging shortens shock pause duration and improves chest compression fraction during shockable out of hospital cardiac arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40314000/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892333/Compressions_during_defibrillator_charging_shortens_shock_pause_duration_and_improves_chest_compression_fraction_during_shockable_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest">Compressions during defibrillator charging shortens shock pause duration and improves chest compression fraction during shockable out of hospital cardiac arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: Previous studies have demonstrated significant relationships between shock pause dura...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: Previous studies have demonstrated significant relationships between shock pause duration and survival to hospital discharge from shockable out-of hospital (OHCA) cardiac arrest. Compressions during defibrillator charging (CDC) has been proposed as a technique to shorten shock pause duration. Objective: We sought to determine the impact of CDC on shock pause duration and CPR quality measures in shockable OHCA. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all treated adult OHCA occurring over a 1 year period beginning August 1, 2011 after training EMS agencies in CDC. We included OHCA patients with an initial shockable rhythm, available CPR process data and shock pause data for up to the first three shocks of the resuscitation. CDC by EMS personnel was confirmed by review of impedance channel measures. We evaluated the relationship between CDC and shock pause duration as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures investigated the association between CDC and CPR quality measures. Results: Among 747 treated OHCA 149 (23.4%) presented in a shockable rhythm of which 129 (81.6%) met study inclusion criteria. Seventy (54.2%) received CDC. There was no significant difference between the CDC and no CDC group with respect to Utstein variables. Median pre-shock pause (15.0 vs. 3.5 s; 11.5; 95% CI: 6.81, 16.19), post-shock pause (4.0 vs. 3.0 s; 1.0; 95% CI: −2.57, 4.57), and peri-shock pause (21.0 vs. 9.0 s; 12.0; 95% CI: 5.03, 18.97) were all lower for those who received CDC. Mean chest compression fraction was significantly greater (0.77 vs. 0.70, 0.07; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.11) with CDC. No significant difference was noted in compression rate or depth with CDC. Clinical outcomes did not differ between the two approaches (return of spontaneous circulation 62.7% vs. 62.9% p = 0.98, survival 25.4% vs. 27.1% p = 0.82), although the study was not powered to detect clinical outcome differences. Conclusions: Compressions during defibrillator charging may shorten shock pause duration and improves chest compression fraction in shockable OHCA. Given the impact on shock pause duration, further study with a larger sample size is required to determine the impact of this technique on clinical outcomes from shockable OHCA.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0dd3ddc34da613040eff607944b1a9cf" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40314000,"asset_id":18892333,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40314000/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892333"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892333"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892333; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892332"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892332/The_association_between_chest_compression_release_velocity_and_outcomes_from_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The association between chest compression release velocity and outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40313999/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892332/The_association_between_chest_compression_release_velocity_and_outcomes_from_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest">The association between chest compression release velocity and outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: Previous studies have demonstrated significant relationships between cardiopulmonary ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: Previous studies have demonstrated significant relationships between cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality metrics and survival to hospital discharge from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Recently, it has been suggested that a new metric, chest compression release velocity (CCRV), may be associated with improved survival from OHCA. Methods and results: We performed a retrospective review of all treated adult OHCA occurring over a two year period beginning January 1, 2012. CPR metrics were abstracted from accelerometer measurements during each resuscitation. Multivariable regression analysis was used to examine the impact of CCRV on survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcome measures were the impact of CCRV on return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and neurologically intact survival (MRS ≤ 3). Among 1800 treated OHCA, 1137 met inclusion criteria. The median (IQR) age was 71.6 (60.6, 82.3) with 724 (64%) being male. The median (IQR) CCRV (mm/s) amongst 96 survivors was 334.5 (300.0, 383.2) compared to 304.0 (262.6, 354.1) in 1041 non survivors (p < 0.001). When adjusted for Utstein variables, the odds of survival to hospital discharge for each 10 mm/s increase in CCRV was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.06). Similarly the odds of ROSC and neurologically intact survival were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.03) and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.06), respectively. Conclusions: When adjusted for Utstein variables, CCRV was not significantly associated with outcomes from OHCA. Further research in other EMS systems is required to clarify the potential impact of this variable on OHCA survival.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a851e7daae3732710e2eacd2d714e0a8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40313999,"asset_id":18892332,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313999/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892332"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892332"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892332; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="14011972"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/14011972/A_Randomized_Trial_of_Continuous_Versus_Interrupted_Chest_Compressions_in_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest_Rationale_for_and_Design_of_the_Resuscitation_Outcomes_Consortium_CCC_Trial"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Randomized Trial of Continuous Versus Interrupted Chest Compressions in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Rationale for and Design of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium CCC Trial" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/14011972/A_Randomized_Trial_of_Continuous_Versus_Interrupted_Chest_Compressions_in_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest_Rationale_for_and_Design_of_the_Resuscitation_Outcomes_Consortium_CCC_Trial">A Randomized Trial of Continuous Versus Interrupted Chest Compressions in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Rationale for and Design of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium CCC Trial</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://mcw.academia.edu/TomAufderheide">Tom Aufderheide</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1">Laurie Morrison</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>American Heart Journal</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium is conducting a randomized trial comparing survival with ho...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium is conducting a randomized trial comparing survival with hospital discharge after continuous chest compressions without interruption for ventilation versus currently recommended American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation with interrupted chest compressions in adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest without obvious trauma or respiratory cause. Emergency medical services perform study cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 3 intervals of manual chest compressions (each ~2 minutes) or until restoration of spontaneous circulation. Patients randomized to the continuous chest compression intervention receive 200 chest compressions with positive pressure ventilations at a rate of 10/min without interruption in compressions. Those randomized to the interrupted chest compression study arm receive chest compressions interrupted for positive pressure ventilations at a compression:ventilation ratio of 30:2. In either group, each interval of compressions is followed by rhythm analysis and defibrillation as required. Insertion of an advanced airway is deferred for the first ≥6 minutes to reduce interruptions in either study arm. The study uses a cluster randomized design with every-6-month crossovers. The primary outcome is survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes are neurologically intact survival and adverse events. A maximum of 23,600 patients (11,800 per group) enrolled during the post-run-in phase of the study will provide ≥90% power to detect a relative change of 16% in the rate of survival to discharge, 8.1% to 9.4% with overall significance level of 0.05. If this trial demonstrates improved survival with either strategy, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;3,000 premature deaths from cardiac arrest would be averted annually.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="14011972"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14011972"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14011972; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892331"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892331/Improving_Use_of_Targeted_Temperature_Management_After_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Improving Use of Targeted Temperature Management After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40314001/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892331/Improving_Use_of_Targeted_Temperature_Management_After_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest">Improving Use of Targeted Temperature Management After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Critical Care Medicine</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">3 effectiveness of QI interventions that were designed to target diverse clinicians from differen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">3 effectiveness of QI interventions that were designed to target diverse clinicians from different specialties and to be feasible in a wide range of facilities (21). VF = ventricular fibrillation, VT = ventricular tachycardia, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale. a GCS is the highest documented score after the last sustained return of spontaneous circulation defined as palpable pulse in any vessel for at least 20 min. 7 PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention, DNR = do not resuscitate. a p = 0.007 for comparison (chi-square) across baseline, passive, and active phases. b p < 0.0001 for comparison (chi-square) across baseline, passive, and active phases.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="000fd0916411d5ece203e242b1ad8e28" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40314001,"asset_id":18892331,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40314001/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892331"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892331"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892331; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892331]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892331; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18892331']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892330"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892330/Adrenaline_for_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_resuscitation_a_systematic_review_and_meta_analysis_of_randomized_controlled_trials"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Adrenaline for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892330/Adrenaline_for_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest_resuscitation_a_systematic_review_and_meta_analysis_of_randomized_controlled_trials">Adrenaline for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The evidence for adrenaline in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation is inconclusiv...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The evidence for adrenaline in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation is inconclusive. We systematically reviewed the efficacy of adrenaline for adult OHCA. We searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from inception to July 2013 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating standard dose adrenaline (SDA) to placebo, high dose adrenaline (HDA), or vasopressin (alone or combination) in adult OHCA patients. Meta-analyses were performed using random effects modeling. Subgroup analyses were performed stratified by cardiac rhythm and by number of drug doses. The primary outcome was survival to discharge and the secondary outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to admission, and neurological outcome. Fourteen RCTs (n=12,246) met inclusion criteria: one compared SDA to placebo (n=534), six compared SDA to HDA (n=6174), six compared SDA to an adrenaline/vasopressin combination (n=5202), and one compared SDA to vasopressin alone (n=336). There was no survival to discharge or neurological outcome differences in any comparison group, including subgroup analyses. SDA showed improved ROSC (RR 2.80, 95%CI 1.78-4.41, p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001) and survival to admission (RR 1.95, 95%CI 1.34-2.84, p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001) compared to placebo. SDA showed decreased ROSC (RR 0.85, 95%CI 0.75-0.97, p=0.02; I(2)=48%) and survival to admission (RR 0.87, 95%CI 0.76-1.00, p=0.049; I(2)=34%) compared to HDA. There were no differences in outcomes between SDA and vasopressin alone or in combination with adrenaline. There was no benefit of adrenaline in survival to discharge or neurological outcomes. There were improved rates of survival to admission and ROSC with SDA over placebo and HDA over SDA.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892330"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892330"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892330; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892330]").text(description); 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892329"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892329/Resuscitation_Reply_to_Letter_to_the_Editor_re_Adrenaline_in_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Resuscitation: Reply to Letter to the Editor re: Adrenaline in out-of hospital cardiac arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892329/Resuscitation_Reply_to_Letter_to_the_Editor_re_Adrenaline_in_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest">Resuscitation: Reply to Letter to the Editor re: Adrenaline in out-of hospital cardiac arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892329"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892329"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892329; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18892329]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18892329,"title":"Resuscitation: Reply to Letter to the Editor re: Adrenaline in out-of hospital cardiac arrest","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18892329/Resuscitation_Reply_to_Letter_to_the_Editor_re_Adrenaline_in_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest","owner_id":39010904,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":39010904,"first_name":"Laurie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morrison","page_name":"LaurieMorrison1","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-23T18:07:12.967-08:00","display_name":"Laurie Morrison","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="14011971"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/14011971/What_is_the_Optimal_Chest_Compression_Depth_During_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest_Resuscitation_of_Adult_Patients"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What is the Optimal Chest Compression Depth During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation of Adult Patients?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/14011971/What_is_the_Optimal_Chest_Compression_Depth_During_Out_of_Hospital_Cardiac_Arrest_Resuscitation_of_Adult_Patients">What is the Optimal Chest Compression Depth During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation of Adult Patients?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://mcw.academia.edu/TomAufderheide">Tom Aufderheide</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LaurieMorrison1">Laurie Morrison</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The 2010 American Heart Association guidelines suggested an increase in cardiopulmonary resuscita...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The 2010 American Heart Association guidelines suggested an increase in cardiopulmonary resuscitation compression depth with a target &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;50 mm and no upper limit. This target is based on limited evidence, and we sought to determine the optimal compression depth range. We studied emergency medical services-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Prehospital Resuscitation Impedance Valve and Early Versus Delayed Analysis clinical trial and the Epistry-Cardiac Arrest database. We calculated adjusted odds ratios for survival to hospital discharge, 1-day survival, and any return of circulation. We included 9136 adult patients from 9 US and Canadian cities with a mean age of 67.5 years, mean compression depth of 41.9 mm, and a return of circulation of 31.3%, 1-day survival of 22.8%, and survival to hospital discharge of 7.3%. For survival to discharge, the adjusted odds ratios were 1.04 (95% CI, 1.00-1.08) for each 5-mm increment in compression depth, 1.45 (95% CI, 1.20-1.76) for cases within 2005 depth range (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;38 mm), and 1.05 (95% CI, 1.03-1.08) for percentage of minutes in depth range (10% change). Covariate-adjusted spline curves revealed that the maximum survival is at a depth of 45.6 mm (15-mm interval with highest survival between 40.3 and 55.3 mm) with no differences between men and women. This large study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients demonstrated that increased cardiopulmonary resuscitation compression depth is strongly associated with better survival. Our adjusted analyses, however, found that maximum survival was in the depth interval of 40.3 to 55.3 mm (peak, 45.6 mm), suggesting that the 2010 American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation guideline target may be too high. <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov" rel="nofollow">http://www.clinicaltrials.gov</a>. Unique identifier: NCT00394706.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="14011971"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14011971"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14011971; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14011971]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14011971]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892328"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892328/Validation_of_a_universal_prehospital_termination_of_resuscitation_clinical_prediction_rule_for_advanced_and_basic_life_support_providers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Validation of a universal prehospital termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule for advanced and basic life support providers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40313997/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892328/Validation_of_a_universal_prehospital_termination_of_resuscitation_clinical_prediction_rule_for_advanced_and_basic_life_support_providers">Validation of a universal prehospital termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule for advanced and basic life support providers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9401ab1534e03988fe61a8703e2137c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40313997,"asset_id":18892328,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313997/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892328"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892328"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892328; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18892327"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892327/Apples_to_apples_or_apples_to_oranges_International_variation_in_reporting_of_process_and_outcome_of_care_for_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Apples to apples or apples to oranges? International variation in reporting of process and outcome of care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40313994/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18892327/Apples_to_apples_or_apples_to_oranges_International_variation_in_reporting_of_process_and_outcome_of_care_for_out_of_hospital_cardiac_arrest">Apples to apples or apples to oranges? International variation in reporting of process and outcome of care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Resuscitation</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) varies between communities, due in part to v...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) varies between communities, due in part to variation in the methods of measurement. The Utstein template was disseminated to standardize comparisons of risk factors, quality of care, and outcomes in patients with OHCA. We sought to assess whether OHCA registries are able to collate common data using the Utstein template. A subsequent study will assess whether the Utstein factors explain differences in survival between emergency medical services (EMS) systems. Retrospective study. This retrospective analysis of prospective cohorts included adults treated for OHCA, regardless of the etiology of arrest. Data describing the baseline characteristics of patients, and the process and outcome of their care were grouped by EMS system, de-identified, and then collated. Included were core Utstein variables and timed event data from each participating registry. This study was classified as exempt from human subjects&#39; research by a researc...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="79d89314298b852f94e1bef27fd89047" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40313994,"asset_id":18892327,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313994/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892327"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892327"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892327; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892327]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892327]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892327; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18892327']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "79d89314298b852f94e1bef27fd89047" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18892327]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18892327,"title":"Apples to apples or apples to oranges? 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Relevant articles were identified using PubMed, EMBASE and an American Heart Association EndNote master resuscitation reference library, supplemented by hand searches of key papers. Writing groups comprising international experts were assigned to each section. Drafts of the document were circulated to all authors for comment and amendment. The 4 key components of post-cardiac arrest syndrome were identified as (1) post-cardiac arrest brain injury, (2) post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction, (3) systemic ischaemia/reperfusion response, and (4) persistent precipitating pathology. A growing body of knowledge suggests that the individual components of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome are potentially treatable.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892326"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892326"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892326; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18892326]").text(description); 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no shock administered; EMS personnel did not witness the arrest [Morrison LJ, Visentin LM, Kiss A, et al. Validation of a rule for termination of resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2006;355(5):478-87].</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5822670e473d0e1381348c04f54cde00" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40313998,"asset_id":18892325,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40313998/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18892325"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18892325"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18892325; 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