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Lingaya</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Arjan C. Lingaya"> <meta name="keywords" content="Arjan C. Lingaya"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Arjan C. 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Lingaya"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Arjan C. Lingaya</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Geomorphology of Karst Features of Shiraz City and Arjan Plain and Development Limitations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meysam%20Jamali">Meysam Jamali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebrahim%20Moghimi"> Ebrahim Moghimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zean%20Alabden%20Jafarpour"> Zean Alabden Jafarpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Karst term is the determiner of a variety of areas or landforms and unique perspectives that have been formed in result of the ingredients dissolution of rocks constituter by natural waters. Shiraz area with an area of 5322km2 is located in the simple folded belt in the southern part of Zagros Mountain of Fars, and is surrounded with Limestone Mountains (Asmari formation). Shiraz area is located in Calcareous areas. The Infrastructure of this city is lime and absorbing wells that the city has, can influence on the Limestone dissolution and those accelerate its rate and increases the cavitation below the surface. Dasht-e Arjan is a graben, which has been created as the result of activity of two normal faults in its east and west sides. It is a complete sample of Karst plains (Polje) which has been created with the help of tectonic forces (fault) and dissolution process of water in Asmari limestone formation. It is located 60km. off south west of Shiraz (on Kazeroon-Shiraz road). In 1971, UNESCO has recognized this plain as a reserve of biosphere. It is considered as one of the world’s most beautiful geological phenomena, so that most of the world’s geologists are interested in visiting this place. The purpose of this paper is to identify and introduce landscapes of Karst features shiraz city and Dasht-e Arjan including Karst dissolution features (Lapiez, Karst springs, dolines, caves, underground caves, ponors, and Karst valleys), anticlines and synclines, and Arjan Lake, which are studied in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dasht-eArjan" title="Dasht-eArjan">Dasht-eArjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault" title=" fault"> fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karst%20features" title=" Karst features"> Karst features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polje" title=" polje"> polje</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiraz%20city" title=" Shiraz city"> Shiraz city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zagros" title=" Zagros"> Zagros</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14204/geomorphology-of-karst-features-of-shiraz-city-and-arjan-plain-and-development-limitations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Prediction of Distillation Curve and Reid Vapor Pressure of Dual-Alcohol Gasoline Blends Using Artificial Neural Network for the Determination of Fuel Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20D.%20Agana">Leonard D. Agana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wendell%20Ace%20Dela%20Cruz"> Wendell Ace Dela Cruz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjan%20C.%20Lingaya"> Arjan C. Lingaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bonifacio%20T.%20Doma%20Jr."> Bonifacio T. Doma Jr.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to study the predict the fuel performance parameters, which include drivability index (DI), vapor lock index (VLI), and vapor lock potential using distillation curve and Reid vapor pressure (RVP) of dual alcohol-gasoline fuel blends. Distillation curve and Reid vapor pressure were predicted using artificial neural networks (ANN) with macroscopic properties such as boiling points, RVP, and molecular weights as the input layers. The ANN consists of 5 hidden layers and was trained using Bayesian regularization. The training mean square error (MSE) and R-value for the ANN of RVP are 91.4113 and 0.9151, respectively, while the training MSE and R-value for the distillation curve are 33.4867 and 0.9927. Fuel performance analysis of the dual alcohol–gasoline blends indicated that highly volatile gasoline blended with dual alcohols results in non-compliant fuel blends with D4814 standard. Mixtures of low-volatile gasoline and 10% methanol or 10% ethanol can still be blended with up to 10% C3 and C4 alcohols. Intermediate volatile gasoline containing 10% methanol or 10% ethanol can still be blended with C3 and C4 alcohols that have low RVPs, such as 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and i-butanol. Biography: Graduate School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila, 1002, Philippines <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20alcohol-gasoline%20blends" title="dual alcohol-gasoline blends">dual alcohol-gasoline blends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distillation%20curve" title=" distillation curve"> distillation curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reid%20vapor%20pressure" title=" reid vapor pressure"> reid vapor pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158823/prediction-of-distillation-curve-and-reid-vapor-pressure-of-dual-alcohol-gasoline-blends-using-artificial-neural-network-for-the-determination-of-fuel-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> The Political Philosophy of Sikhism as a Resistance to Autocratic Regimes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishavjeet%20Singh%20Goraya">Vishavjeet Singh Goraya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashir%20Ahmed%20Dar"> Bashir Ahmed Dar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sikhism is one of the youngest religions which came into existence only 550 years ago with Guru Nanak Dev. Guru Nanak and his successors not only gave religious sermons but also made bold commentaries on the politico-social situations of their times. Sikhism has consistently stood against autocratic regimes and societal polarization. The Sikh Gurus envisioned a political system based on equality, brotherhood, freedom of conscience, justice, and secularism where there was no discrimination and human rights of all were protected. The Sikh Gurus visualized a society based on an amalgamation of politics and religion without compromising morality and resisting any form of oppression and tyranny. The fifth guru of the Sikhs, Guru Arjan Dev, compiled the verses of his predecessors and many other saints belonging to different religions and castes in the form of Adi Granth, highlighting the egalitarian and secular foundations of Sikhism. Later tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh, gave a concrete shape to the concepts of the earlier gurus written in Adi Granth and created an openly political and sovereign community known as Khalsa Panth with a distinct identity. This paper will use the qualitative historical approach to highlight Sikhism’s enduring commitment to fight oppression and tyranny, and it also examines how Sikhism offers solutions to contemporary issues of authoritarianism and polarization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sikhism" title="sikhism">sikhism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurus" title=" Gurus"> Gurus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20thought" title=" political thought"> political thought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equality" title=" equality"> equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scriptures" title=" scriptures"> scriptures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193103/the-political-philosophy-of-sikhism-as-a-resistance-to-autocratic-regimes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Sulfur-Containing Diet Shift Hydrogen Metabolism and Reduce Methane Emission and Modulated Gut Microbiome in Goats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsegay%20Teklebrhan%20Gebremariam">Tsegay Teklebrhan Gebremariam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiliang"> Zhiliang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjan%20Jonker"> Arjan Jonker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated that using corn gluten (CG) instead of cornmeal (CM) increased dietary sulfur shifted H₂ metabolism from methanogenesis to alternative sink and modulated microbiome in the rumen as well as hindgut segments of goats. Ruminal fermentation, CH₄ emissions and microbial abundance in goats (n = 24). The experiment was performed using a randomized block design with two dietary treatments (CM and CG with 400 g/kg DM each). Goats in CG increased sulfur, NDF and CP intake and decreased starch intake as compared with those in CM. Goats that received CG diet had decreased dissolved hydrogen (dH₂) (P = 0.01) and dissolved methane yield and emission (dCH₄) (P = 0.001), while increased dH₂S both in the rumen and hindgut segments than those fed CM. Goats fed CG had higher (p < 0.01) gene copies of microbiota and cellulolytic bacteria, whereas starch utilizing bacterial species were less in the rumen and hindgut than those fed CM. Higher (P < 0.05) methanogenic diversity and abundances of Methanimicrococcus and Methanomicrobium were observed in goats that consumed CG, whilst containing lower Methanobrevibacter populations than those receiving CM. The study suggested that goats fed corn gluten improved the gene copies of microbiota and fibrolytic bacterial species while reducing starch utilizing species in the rumen and hindgut segments as compared with that fed cornmeal. Goats consuming corn gluten had a more enriched methanogenic diversity and reduced Methanobrevibacter, a contributor to CH₄ emissions, as compared with goats fed CM. Corn gluten could be used as an alternative feed to decrease the enteric CH₄ emission in ruminant production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolved%20gasses" title="dissolved gasses">dissolved gasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanogenesis" title=" methanogenesis"> methanogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20community" title=" microbial community"> microbial community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metagenomics" title=" metagenomics"> metagenomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147510/sulfur-containing-diet-shift-hydrogen-metabolism-and-reduce-methane-emission-and-modulated-gut-microbiome-in-goats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Learned Helplessness and Agricultural Investment among Poor Farmers: An Experimental Study in Rural Uganda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Floris%20Burgers">Floris Burgers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjan%20Verschoor"> Arjan Verschoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Poor farmers in developing countries typically do not have the resources or access to institutions to protect themselves against all kinds of income shocks, which makes their farm income highly sensitive to weather and crop price fluctuations, and various other intervening forces. Consequently, the relationship between farming effort and farming outcomes can be noisy, potentially resulting in a situation in which farmers perceive little personal control over the outcomes of their farming efforts. This perceived lack of control can result in learned helplessness in some farmers, who would then be less motivated to invest in their farm. This paper presents the results of a household survey and controlled field experiment conducted in ten villages in a farming area in eastern Uganda with a view to examining the link between learned helplessness and agricultural investment. The results show that (I) farmers with a more pessimistic attributional style for negative life events invest less in their farm, (II) an experience of uncontrollability over income in a priming task increases investment in the farm in a subsequent task if losses in the priming task are small, and decreases investment in the subsequent task if losses are moderate or big, and (III) the relationship between the number of income shocks experienced in the past two years and investment in the farm is more negative among farmers with a more pessimistic attributional style. These results are in line with the reformulated learned helplessness theory underlying this research, which leads this paper to conclude that learned helplessness can cause agricultural underinvestment in a developing country context, potentially contributing to a poverty trap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20investment" title="agricultural investment">agricultural investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attributional%20style" title=" attributional style"> attributional style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmers" title=" farmers"> farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learned%20helplessness" title=" learned helplessness"> learned helplessness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income%20shocks" title=" income shocks"> income shocks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70210/learned-helplessness-and-agricultural-investment-among-poor-farmers-an-experimental-study-in-rural-uganda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Correlation Between HIV/AIDS Stage With Oral Health, Dentition, and Periodontal Status</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eriselda%20Simoni">Eriselda Simoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Simoni"> Leonard Simoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endri%20Paparisto"> Endri Paparisto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laureta%20Flaga"> Laureta Flaga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvana%20Bara"> Silvana Bara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edit%20Xhajanka"> Edit Xhajanka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjan%20Harxhi"> Arjan Harxhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Some pathologies are encountered more often in HIV/ AIDS, such as those with bacterial, fungal, viral, and neoplastic causes, but what has been more noticeable in recent years is the increased and more aggressive manifestation of periodontal disease and oral caries. Our purpose is to investigate the correlation between the HIV/AIDS stage and CD4 level with oral health, dentition, and periodontal status. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study that included 35 patients newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and underwent an oral examination at the University Dental Clinic in Tirana, Albania, in the period April - July 2024. This study evaluated the basic demographic, laboratory characteristics, oral hygiene, and the presence of oral lesions. The dentition status was assessed with the values DT (decay teeth), FT (filled teeth), and MT (missing teeth) presented as DMFT. The periodontal status was evaluated through a periodontal probe measuring CPI (community periodontal index) and LOA (loss of attachment) as recommended by the WHO Oral Health Assessment Form 2013. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) was used to evaluate the relationship between levels of CD4+ and DMF, CD4+ and CPI, and CD4+ and LOA. The P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 80% of patients included were males with a mean age of 35.8 years. 8.6% of patients were categorized as HIV stage I, 28.6% as stage II, and 62.8% as HIV stage III/AIDS. The mean level value of CD4+ was 266.2 cells/mm3 and the rapport CD4+/ WBC (White Blood Cells) was 15.7%. Most patients (57.2%) used toothbrushes less than 1 time a day. An important negative correlation was found between CD4+ and dentition and periodontal status. A lower level of CD4+ was correlated with a higher DMFT, CPI, and LOA, respectively coefficient (r) for CD4/DMFT = -0.52, p =0.01, (r) for CD4/CPI= - 0.38, p=0.024 and (r) for CD4/LOA= - 0.37, p=0.029. Conclusions: In our study, it was documented that patients with HIV/AIDS had worse oral health, an important negative correlation between CD4+ and dentition and periodontal status. A lower level of CD4+ was correlated with a worse dentition status (higher DMFT), and poor periodontal health (higher CPI and LOA). The monitoring and treatment of oral pathologies can be important in early HIV/AIDS diagnoses and treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%2FAIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20health" title=" oral health"> oral health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dentition" title=" dentition"> dentition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodontal" title=" periodontal"> periodontal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190957/correlation-between-hivaids-stage-with-oral-health-dentition-and-periodontal-status" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Geochemical Characterization of Geothermal Waters in Albania, Preliminary Results</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aurela%20Jahja">Aurela Jahja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20W%C4%85tor"> Katarzyna Wątor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjan%20Beqiraj"> Arjan Beqiraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Rusiniak"> Piotr Rusiniak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nevton%20Kodhelaj"> Nevton Kodhelaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Albanian geological terrains represent an important node of the Alpine – Mediterranean mountain belt and are divided into several predominantly NNW - SSE striking geotectonic units, which, based on the presence or lack of Cretaceous transgression and magmatic rocks, belong to Internal or External Albanides. The internal (Korabi, Mirdita and Gashi) units are characterized by the Lower Cretaceous discordance and the presence of abundant magmatic rocks whereas in the external (Alps, Krasta-Cukali, Kruja, Ionian, Sazani and Peri Adriatic Depression) units an almost continuous sedimentation from Triassic to Paleogene is evidenced. The internal and external units show relevant differences in both geothermal and heat flow density values. The gradient values vary from 15-21.3 to 36 mK/m, while the heat flow density ranges from 42 to 60 mW/m2, in the external (Preadriatic Depression) and internal (ophiolitic belt) units, respectively. The geothermal fluids, which are found in natural springs and deep oil wells of Albania, are located in four thermo-mineral provinces: a) Peshkopi (Korabi) province; b) Kruja province; c) Preadriatic basin province, and d) South Ionian province. Thirteen geothermal waters were sampled from 11 natural springs and 2 deep wells, of which 6 springs and 2 wells from Kruja, 1 spring from Peshkopia, 2 springs from Preadriatic basin and 2 springs South Ionian province. Temperature, pH and Electrical Conductivity were measured in situ, while in laboratory were analyzed by ICP method major anions and cations and several trace elements (B, Li, Sr, Rb, I, Br, etc.). The measured values of temperature, pH and electrical conductivity range within 17-63°C, 6.26-7.92 and 724- 26856µS/cm intervals, respectively. The chemical type of the Albania thermal waters is variable. In the Kruja province prevail the Cl-SO4-NaCa and Cl-Na-Ca water types; while SO4-Ca, HCO3-Ca and Cl-HCO3-Na-Ca, and Cl-Na are found in the provinces of Peshkopi, Ionian and Preadriatic basin, respectively. In the Cl-SO4-HCO3 triangular diagram most of the geothermal waters are close to the chloride corner that belong to “mature waters”, typical of geothermal deep and hot fluids. Only samples from the Ionian province are located within the region of high bicarbonate concentration and they can be classified as peripheral waters that may have mixed with cold groundwater. In the Na-Ca-Mg and Na-K-Mg triangular diagram the majority of waters fall in the corner of sodium, suggesting that their cation ratios are controlled by mineral-solution equilibrium. There is a linear relationship between Cl and B which indicates the mixing of geothermal water with cold water, where the low-chlorine thermal waters from Ionian basin and Preadriatic depression provinces are distinguished by high-chlorine thermal waters from Kruja province. The Cl/Br molar ration of the thermal waters from Kruja province ranges from 1000 to 2660 and separates them from the thermal waters of Ionian basin and Preadriatic depression provinces having Cl/Br molar ratio lower than 650. The apparent increase of Cl/Br molar ratio that correlates with the increasing of the chloride, is probably related with dissolution of the Halite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal%20fluids" title="geothermal fluids">geothermal fluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotectonic%20units" title=" geotectonic units"> geotectonic units</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20springs" title=" natural springs"> natural springs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20wells" title=" deep wells"> deep wells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mature%20waters" title=" mature waters"> mature waters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peripheral%20waters" title=" peripheral waters"> peripheral waters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175689/geochemical-characterization-of-geothermal-waters-in-albania-preliminary-results" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div 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