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t){e.dataset.src&&(e.setAttribute("src",e.dataset.src),e.removeAttribute("data-src")),e.dataset.srcset&&(e.setAttribute("srcset",e.dataset.srcset),e.removeAttribute("data-srcset"));const t=e.parentNode.querySelectorAll("source[data-srcset]");for(let e of t)e.setAttribute("srcset",e.dataset.srcset),e.removeAttribute("data-srcset");e.complete&&(e.style.opacity=1,e.parentNode.parentNode.querySelector("[data-placeholder-image]").style.opacity=0)}}</script></div></div><span class="PostAuthor__DisplayName-sc-16zojz-1 fhJykT">Đỗ Thị Hồng Thảo</span></a><small>October 22, 2024</small></div></header><div data-gatsby-image-wrapper="" class="gatsby-image-wrapper gatsby-image-wrapper-constrained PostView__FeaturedImage-sc-vhvb8j-1 cHmwhR"><div style="max-width:800px;display:block"><img alt="" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20height='512'%20width='800'%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20version='1.1'%3E%3C/svg%3E" 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src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt=""/><picture><source type="image/webp" data-srcset="/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/1cae1/qa-qc-image.webp 200w,/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/aa988/qa-qc-image.webp 400w,/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/464db/qa-qc-image.webp 800w,/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/3e648/qa-qc-image.webp 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 800px, 100vw"/><img data-gatsby-image-ssr="" data-main-image="" style="opacity:0" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 800px, 100vw" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/8ca3d/qa-qc-image.png" data-srcset="/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/4251f/qa-qc-image.png 200w,/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/24509/qa-qc-image.png 400w,/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/8ca3d/qa-qc-image.png 800w,/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/b7992/qa-qc-image.png 1600w" alt="QA và QC là gì"/></picture><noscript><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/1cae1/qa-qc-image.webp 200w,/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/aa988/qa-qc-image.webp 400w,/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/464db/qa-qc-image.webp 800w,/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/3e648/qa-qc-image.webp 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 800px, 100vw"/><img data-gatsby-image-ssr="" data-main-image="" style="opacity:0" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 800px, 100vw" decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/8ca3d/qa-qc-image.png" srcSet="/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/4251f/qa-qc-image.png 200w,/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/24509/qa-qc-image.png 400w,/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/8ca3d/qa-qc-image.png 800w,/static/b9f7e00db15a80ac432f7a6ba3b9072d/b7992/qa-qc-image.png 1600w" alt="QA và QC là gì"/></picture></noscript><script type="module">const t="undefined"!=typeof HTMLImageElement&&"loading"in HTMLImageElement.prototype;if(t){const t=document.querySelectorAll("img[data-main-image]");for(let e of t){e.dataset.src&&(e.setAttribute("src",e.dataset.src),e.removeAttribute("data-src")),e.dataset.srcset&&(e.setAttribute("srcset",e.dataset.srcset),e.removeAttribute("data-srcset"));const t=e.parentNode.querySelectorAll("source[data-srcset]");for(let e of t)e.setAttribute("srcset",e.dataset.srcset),e.removeAttribute("data-srcset");e.complete&&(e.style.opacity=1,e.parentNode.parentNode.querySelector("[data-placeholder-image]").style.opacity=0)}}</script></div><section itemProp="articleBody"><p>Trong cuộc sống hiện đại, chất lượng sản phẩm đã trở thành một tiêu chí hàng đầu. Bạn có bao giờ tự hỏi tại sao một phần mềm hay một website lại hoạt động trơn tru đến vậy? Đó chính là nhờ vào sự kết hợp hoàn hảo giữa QA và QC. Vậy QA và QC là gì, và chúng đóng vai trò như thế nào trong quá trình phát triển? Hãy cùng tìm hiểu!</p> <h3 id="qa-quality-assurance---đảm-bảo-chất-lượng" style="position:relative;"><a href="#qa-quality-assurance---%C4%91%E1%BA%A3m-b%E1%BA%A3o-ch%E1%BA%A5t-l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng" aria-label="qa quality assurance đảm bảo chất lượng permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>QA (Quality Assurance) - Đảm Bảo Chất Lượng</h3> <p>QA là quá trình hệ thống hóa được thiết kế để đảm bảo rằng quy trình phát triển sản phẩm đáp ứng các tiêu chuẩn và yêu cầu chất lượng đã định trước. QA engineer tập trung vào việc cải thiện và tối ưu hóa quy trình phát triển phần mềm để ngăn chặn sự xuất hiện của lỗi từ giai đoạn đầu. </p> <p>Các hoạt động của QA engineer bao gồm:</p> <ul> <li>Xây dựng và duy trì các quy trình, tiêu chuẩn kiểm soát chất lượng.</li> <li>Thực hiện đánh giá, kiểm tra các quy trình làm việc trước và trong quy trình phát triển phần mềm.</li> <li>Phân tích rủi ro của dự án và đưa ra các biện pháp phòng ngừa.</li> <li>Đào tạo và nâng cao nhận thức về chất lượng cho các thành viên trong dự án.</li> </ul> <h3 id="qc-quality-control---kiểm-soát-chất-lượng" style="position:relative;"><a href="#qc-quality-control---ki%E1%BB%83m-so%C3%A1t-ch%E1%BA%A5t-l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng" aria-label="qc quality control kiểm soát chất lượng permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>QC (Quality Control) - Kiểm Soát Chất Lượng</h3> <p>QC là quá trình kiểm tra sản phẩm để xác định xem sản phẩm có đáp ứng các yêu cầu và tiêu chuẩn chất lượng đã định hay không. QC engineer tập trung vào việc phát hiện và khắc phục các lỗi (kết hợp với nhóm lập trình) trong sản phẩm đã được phát triển. </p> <p>Các hoạt động QC engineer bao gồm:</p> <ul> <li>Thực hiện các hoạt động kiểm thử phần mềm (testing): kiểm thử chức năng, kiểm thử hiệu năng, kiểm thử bảo mật,...</li> <li>So sánh kết quả kiểm thử với các tiêu chuẩn đã định.</li> <li>Báo cáo các lỗi và đề xuất các giải pháp khắc phục.</li> </ul> <h3 id="sự-khác-biệt-chính" style="position:relative;"><a href="#s%E1%BB%B1-kh%C3%A1c-bi%E1%BB%87t-ch%C3%ADnh" aria-label="sự khác biệt chính permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sự Khác Biệt Chính</h3> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Đặc điểm</th> <th>QA</th> <th>QC</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Mục tiêu</td> <td>Hướng đến quy trình, hệ thống</td> <td>Hướng đến sản phẩm</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tập trung</td> <td>Ngăn ngừa lỗi trước khi chúng xảy ra</td> <td>Phát hiện và khắc phục lỗi sau khi chúng xảy ra</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Hoạt động</td> <td>Xây dựng quy trình, đánh giá</td> <td>Kiểm thử, so sánh</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Thời điểm thực hiện</td> <td>Trong toàn bộ quy trình phát triển</td> <td>Chủ yếu trong và sau khi phát triển</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span class="gatsby-resp-image-wrapper" style="position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 800px; " > <a class="gatsby-resp-image-link" href="/static/19b0ca31926244e3714f32805582cecf/e72de/qa-qc.png" style="display: block" target="_blank" rel="noopener" > <span class="gatsby-resp-image-background-image" style="padding-bottom: 74.5%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;" ></span> <picture> <source srcset="/static/19b0ca31926244e3714f32805582cecf/ba381/qa-qc.webp 200w, /static/19b0ca31926244e3714f32805582cecf/7f61c/qa-qc.webp 400w, /static/19b0ca31926244e3714f32805582cecf/d00b9/qa-qc.webp 800w, /static/19b0ca31926244e3714f32805582cecf/40d0b/qa-qc.webp 1198w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" type="image/webp" /> <source srcset="/static/19b0ca31926244e3714f32805582cecf/772e8/qa-qc.png 200w, /static/19b0ca31926244e3714f32805582cecf/e17e5/qa-qc.png 400w, /static/19b0ca31926244e3714f32805582cecf/5a190/qa-qc.png 800w, /static/19b0ca31926244e3714f32805582cecf/e72de/qa-qc.png 1198w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" type="image/png" /> <img class="gatsby-resp-image-image" src="/static/19b0ca31926244e3714f32805582cecf/5a190/qa-qc.png" alt="QA&QC" title="Đặc điểm của QA & QC" loading="lazy" decoding="async" style="width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;" /> </picture> </a> </span></p> <h3 id="mối-liên-hệ-giữa-qa-và-qc" style="position:relative;"><a href="#m%E1%BB%91i-li%C3%AAn-h%E1%BB%87-gi%E1%BB%AFa-qa-v%C3%A0-qc" aria-label="mối liên hệ giữa qa và qc permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Mối liên hệ giữa QA và QC</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Tương hỗ:</strong> QA và QC đều hướng tới mục tiêu chung là đảm bảo chất lượng, nhưng chúng làm điều đó theo những cách khác nhau. QA tạo ra các quy trình để ngăn ngừa lỗi, trong khi QC kiểm tra sản phẩm cuối cùng để phát hiện lỗi.</li> <li><strong>Phụ thuộc</strong>: QC phụ thuộc vào các quy trình và tiêu chuẩn do QA thiết lập. Nếu quy trình QA tốt, số lượng lỗi phát hiện bởi QC sẽ giảm.</li> <li><strong>Hoàn thiện lẫn nhau:</strong> QA và QC cùng nhau tạo nên một hệ thống quản lý chất lượng toàn diện. QA giúp cải tiến quy trình liên tục, trong khi QC đảm bảo rằng sản phẩm cuối cùng luôn đạt chất lượng cao.</li> </ul> <p>Tóm lại, QA và QC là hai khái niệm không thể tách rời trong quá trình phát triển phần mềm. QA tập trung vào việc xây dựng và duy trì các quy trình, tiêu chuẩn để đảm bảo chất lượng ngay từ đầu, trong khi QC tập trung vào việc kiểm tra và xác minh sản phẩm cuối cùng. Sự kết hợp chặt chẽ giữa QA và QC sẽ giúp đảm bảo rằng sản phẩm phần mềm được phát triển có chất lượng cao và đáp ứng được các yêu cầu của khách hàng.</p> <p>Tham khảo</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://isocert.org.vn/qa-it-la-gi-phan-biet-qa-qc-va-tester-trong-nganh-it">https://isocert.org.vn/qa-it-la-gi-phan-biet-qa-qc-va-tester-trong-nganh-it</a></li> <li><a href="https://itviec.com/blog/qa-la-gi-qc-khac-gi-qa/">https://itviec.com/blog/qa-la-gi-qc-khac-gi-qa/</a></li> <li><a href="https://itviec.com/blog/qa-la-gi-qc-khac-gi-qa/">https://www.simplilearn.com/quality-assurance-vs-quality-control-article</a></li> </ul></section></article><nav class="PostNav__Wrapper-sc-1qocit9-0 jfLSxf"><ul><li><a rel="prev" href="/su-khoi-dau-cho-system-design-nang-tam-backend-developer-phan-1-f631d/">← Sự khởi đầu cho system design - Nâng tầm backend developer (phần 1)</a></li><li><a rel="next" href="/cac-cap-do-kiem-thu-phan-mem-test-levels-d86e8/">Các Cấp Độ Kiểm Thử Phần Mềm (Test Levels) 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