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Types of Languages | ISO 639-3

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd"> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/sil-favicon_1.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <meta name="description" content="Types of individual languages Living languages Extinct languages Historic languages Constructed languages In the code table for ISO 639-3, the individual languages are identified as being of one of the following five types. Living languages A language is listed as living when there are people still living who learned it as a first language. This part of ISO 639 also includes" /> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/about/types" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/node/1271" /> <title>Types of Languages | ISO 639-3</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/css/css_lQaZfjVpwP_oGNqdtWCSpJT1EMqXdMiU84ekLLxQnc4.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/css/css_JzcRnZ0FsBeHL2qERyUIAT5OGz84eMR-Xf97NI67gxg.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/css/css_3zHl1XfaSAV8b3I31tN_cS7d_ar71vNpN8EklG7vlE4.css" media="all" /> <style>.page-hero{background-image:url(https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/theme/hero/iso639-3_hero_pattern.jpg)} </style> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" 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class="container"><ul class="dropdown-menu-inner"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/about/faq">FAQs</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about/relationships">Relationship between ISO 639-3 and the other sets of ISO 639</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about/scope">Scope of Denotation</a></li> <li class="last leaf active-trail active active"><a href="/about/types" class="active-trail active-trail active-trail active">Types of Languages</a></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/code_tables" data-target="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-hover="dropdown">Code Tables <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="dropdown-menu"><div class="container"><ul class="dropdown-menu-inner"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/code_tables/639/data">Language Codes</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/code_tables/macrolanguage_mappings/data">Macrolanguage Mappings</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/code_tables/deprecated_codes/data">Deprecated Codes</a></li> <li class="last 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<div class="site-name"> <div class="container"> <h1 class="page-header"> </h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-bar"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12"> <div class="page-bar-name"> <h2>ISO 639-3</h2> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12"> <div class="region region-navigation"> <section id="block-menu-menu-glossary-switcher" class="block block-menu clearfix"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/code_tables/639/data">Code Tables</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/code_changes/change_request_index/data">Change Requests</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-container container"> <div class="row"> <section class="col-sm-9 main-content-column"> <div id="page-title"> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <section id="block-system-main" class="block block-system clearfix"> <div class="ds-1col node node-page view-mode-full clearfix"> <div class="field field-name-body"><h2>Types of individual languages</h2> <hr /> <ul> <li><a href="#Living">Living languages</a></li> <li><a href="#Extinct">Extinct languages</a></li> <li><a href="#Historic">Historic languages</a></li> <li><a href="#Constructed">Constructed languages</a></li> </ul> <hr /> <p>In the code table for ISO 639-3, the <a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/information_on_the_standard/scope_of_denotation" target="_self">individual languages</a> are identified as being of one of the following five types.</p> <h3><a id="Living" name="Living"></a>Living languages</h3> <p>A language is listed as <i>living</i> when there are people still living who learned it as a first language. This part of ISO 639 also includes identifiers for languages that are no longer living.</p> <h3><a id="Extinct" name="Extinct"></a>Extinct languages</h3> <p>A language is listed as <i>extinct</i> if it has gone extinct in recent times. (e.g. in the last few centuries). The criteria for identifying distinct languages in these case are based on intelligibility (as defined for individual languages).</p> <h3><a id="Historic" name="Historic"></a>Historic languages</h3> <p>A language is listed as <i>historic</i> when it is considered to be distinct from any modern languages that are descended from it: for instance, Old English and Middle English. In these cases, the language did not become extinct; rather, it changed into a different language over time. Here, too, the criterion is that the language have a literature that is treated distinctly by the scholarly community.</p> <h3><a id="Constructed" name="Constructed"></a>Constructed languages</h3> <p>This part of ISO 639 also includes identifiers that denote <i>constructed</i> (or artificial) languages. In order to qualify for inclusion the language must have a literature and it must be designed for the purpose of human communication. It must be a complete language, and be in use for聽human communication by some community聽long enough to be passed to a second generation of聽users. Specifically excluded are reconstructed languages and computer programming languages.</p> </div></div> </section> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-3 sidebar-second-wrapper" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-block-986" class="block block-block bordered-list bordered-list clearfix"> <div class="bordered-list"> <h3>About ISO 639-3</h3> <section id="block-menu-block-14" class="block block-menu-block clearfix"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-14 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-6631 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-11041"><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/about/faq">FAQs</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-11026"><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/about/relationships">Relationship between ISO 639-3 and the other sets of ISO 639</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-11031"><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/about/scope">Scope of Denotation</a></li> <li class="last leaf active-trail active 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