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Sinusoïde - Wikipedia

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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sinusoïdale_functies_van_tijd_en_hun_complexe_versie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sinusoïdale_functies_van_tijd_en_hun_complexe_versie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sinusoïdale functies van tijd en hun complexe versie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sinusoïdale_functies_van_tijd_en_hun_complexe_versie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voorbeeld_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorbeeld_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Voorbeeld 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorbeeld_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voorbeeld_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorbeeld_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voorbeeld 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorbeeld_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sinusoïde</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 52 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="موجة جيبية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موجة جيبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="সাইন তরঙ্গ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাইন তরঙ্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoida" title="Sinusoida – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sinusoida" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoide" title="Sinusoide – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sinusoide" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoida" title="Sinusoida – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sinusoida" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Синусоида – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Синусоида" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusb%C3%B8lge" title="Sinusbølge – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sinusbølge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoid" title="Sinusoid – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sinusoid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Ημιτονοειδής καμπύλη – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ημιτονοειδής καμπύλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wave" title="Sine wave – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sine wave" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoido" title="Sinusoido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sinusoido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoide" title="Sinusoide – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sinusoide" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoid" title="Sinusoid – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sinusoid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoide" title="Sinusoide – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sinusoide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="موج سینوسی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موج سینوسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siniaalto" title="Siniaalto – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siniaalto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_sinuso%C3%AFdal" title="Signal sinusoïdal – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Signal sinusoïdal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="ज्या तरंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज्या तरंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ond_sinisoyidal" title="Ond sinisoyidal – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ond sinisoyidal" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%AB%D5%A4" title="Սինուսոիդ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սինուսոիդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang_sinus" title="Gelombang sinus – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gelombang sinus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoido" title="Sinusoido – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sinusoido" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_sinusoidale" title="Onda sinusoidale – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Onda sinusoidale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%A6%E6%B3%A2" title="正弦波 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="正弦波" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="სინუსოიდალური ტალღა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სინუსოიდალური ტალღა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B8%ED%8C%8C" title="사인파 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사인파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Синусоида – Lezgisch" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Синусоида" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoid%C4%97" title="Sinusoidė – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sinusoidė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Синусоидась – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Синусоидась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Синусен бран – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Синусен бран" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang_sinus" title="Gelombang sinus – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gelombang sinus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinuskurve" title="Sinuskurve – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sinuskurve" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinuskurve" title="Sinuskurve – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sinuskurve" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5" title="ਸਾਈਨ ਵੇਵ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਈਨ ਵੇਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fala_sinusoidalna" title="Fala sinusoidalna – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fala sinusoidalna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88" title="سائین ویو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سائین ویو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senoide" title="Senoide – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Senoide" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoid%C4%83" title="Sinusoidă – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sinusoidă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Синусоида – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Синусоида" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoida" title="Sinusoida – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sinusoida" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wave" title="Sine wave – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sine wave" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vala_sinusoidale" title="Vala sinusoidale – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vala sinusoidale" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Синусоида – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Синусоида" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang_sinus" title="Gelombang sinus – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gelombang sinus" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusv%C3%A5g" title="Sinusvåg – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sinusvåg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin%C3%BCs_dalgas%C4%B1" title="Sinüs dalgası – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sinüs dalgası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Синусоїда – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Синусоїда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC" title="جیب موج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیب موج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3ng_sin" title="Sóng sin – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sóng sin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duusub_sin" title="Duusub sin – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Duusub sin" data-language-autonym="Wolof" 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gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p>De <a href="/wiki/Sinus_en_cosinus" title="Sinus en cosinus">sinusfunctie en de cosinusfunctie</a> zijn <b>sinusoïden</b>. De <a href="/wiki/Grafiek_(wiskunde)" title="Grafiek (wiskunde)">grafiek</a> van de sinusoïden zijn de bekende golflijnen. Merk op dat deze functie periodiek is met <a href="/wiki/Periode_(signaal)" title="Periode (signaal)">periode</a> <a href="/wiki/Pi_(wiskunde)" title="Pi (wiskunde)">2π</a>. De sinus heeft dus dezelfde waarde voor de <a href="/wiki/Hoek_(meetkunde)" title="Hoek (meetkunde)">hoeken</a> α, α+2π, α+4π, ... De grafiek is op de <a href="/wiki/Interval_(wiskunde)" title="Interval (wiskunde)">intervallen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [2\pi ,4\pi \rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&#x03C0;<!-- π --></mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>&#x03C0;<!-- π --></mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">&#x27E9;<!-- ⟩ --></mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [2\pi ,4\pi \rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e9682644c12445a6d569ee511ec0e11dddc8200d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.574ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [2\pi ,4\pi \rangle }"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [4\pi ,6\pi \rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>&#x03C0;<!-- π --></mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mi>&#x03C0;<!-- π --></mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">&#x27E9;<!-- ⟩ --></mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [4\pi ,6\pi \rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d9ce3d9d9957faa1da427435886c1d73354e0017" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.574ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [4\pi ,6\pi \rangle }"></span>, enz. een herhaling van het deel tussen 0 en 2π. Dit komt doordat een hoek van bijvoorbeeld 480° = 1×360°+120°, dus een keer helemaal rond en dan nog eens 120°, als echte hoek gelijk is aan een hoek van 120°. </p><p>De constructie en eigenschappen van de cosinus zijn analoog. </p> <div class="thumb" style="margin-top:1em;"><div class="thumbinner" style="max-width:1000px; margin:0 auto;"><div class="noresize" style="overflow-x:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:De_sinusfunctie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/De_sinusfunctie.png/1000px-De_sinusfunctie.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/De_sinusfunctie.png/1500px-De_sinusfunctie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/De_sinusfunctie.png 2x" data-file-width="1699" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div></div></div> <div class="thumb" style="margin-top:1em;"><div class="thumbinner" style="max-width:1000px; margin:0 auto;"><div class="noresize" style="overflow-x:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:De_sinus-_en_cosinusfunctie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/De_sinus-_en_cosinusfunctie.png/1000px-De_sinus-_en_cosinusfunctie.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/De_sinus-_en_cosinusfunctie.png/1500px-De_sinus-_en_cosinusfunctie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/De_sinus-_en_cosinusfunctie.png 2x" data-file-width="1699" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div></div></div> <p>De <b>sinusoïde</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Grafiek_(wiskunde)" title="Grafiek (wiskunde)">grafiek</a> die zich gedraagt als een <a href="/wiki/Sinus_en_cosinus" title="Sinus en cosinus">sinus of cosinus</a>. Dit wil zeggen volgens de <a href="/wiki/Functie_(wiskunde)" title="Functie (wiskunde)">functie</a> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=a\sin[b(x-c)]+d}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=a\sin[b(x-c)]+d}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5d6c533fab6113b44bfb9f7941ffcb87607f45e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.322ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=a\sin[b(x-c)]+d}"></span></dd></dl> <p>of </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=a\cos[b(x-c)]+d}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=a\cos[b(x-c)]+d}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/005204ff27cce0f0c83ae75e096f8d65c977b874" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.578ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=a\cos[b(x-c)]+d}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Hierin geldt: </p> <ul><li>evenwichtsstand = <i>d</i></li> <li>amplitude = |<i>a</i>|</li> <li>periode = 2π/|<i>b</i>|</li> <li>verschuiving horizontaal = <i>c</i></li> <li>startpunt in een sinus = (c;d)</li></ul> <p>NB: de cosinus is dus ook een sinusoïde, want: cos(<i>x</i>) = sin(<i>x</i> - ½π) </p><p>Hierna wordt <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c87f7389ad2498c0f93551ec4fc92a882548484f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.477ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d=0}"></span> genomen en is <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"></span> de tijd, geschreven <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}"></span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sinusoïdale_functies_van_tijd_en_hun_complexe_versie"><span id="Sinuso.C3.AFdale_functies_van_tijd_en_hun_complexe_versie"></span>Sinusoïdale functies van tijd en hun complexe versie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinuso%C3%AFde&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Sinusoïdale functies van tijd en hun complexe versie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinuso%C3%AFde&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Sinusoïdale functies van tijd en hun complexe versie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De algemene vorm van een <i>sinusoïdale functie van tijd</i> is </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(t)=a\cos(\omega t+\phi )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&#x03D5;<!-- ϕ --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(t)=a\cos(\omega t+\phi )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/40e13fc14b6afe46e4ccda61daee1404b0531766" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.075ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(t)=a\cos(\omega t+\phi )}"></span></dd></dl> <p>met <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega &gt;0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega &gt;0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/61bb5b2363a337d19541f916e585eb209ca6e0ff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.707ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega &gt;0}"></span> de <a href="/wiki/Hoekfrequentie" title="Hoekfrequentie">hoekfrequentie</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a&gt;0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a&gt;0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f34a80ea013edb56e340b19550430a8b6dfd7b9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.491ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a&gt;0}"></span> de <a href="/wiki/Amplitude" title="Amplitude">amplitude</a> en <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x03D5;<!-- ϕ --></mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72b1f30316670aee6270a28334bdf4f5072cdde4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.385ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi }"></span> de <a href="/wiki/Fase_(golf)" title="Fase (golf)">fase</a>. </p><p>Deze functies kunnen 1-op-1 geassocieerd worden met de complexe functies van de tijd </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ae^{i(\omega t+\phi )}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&#x03D5;<!-- ϕ --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ae^{i(\omega t+\phi )}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/25388e1d5e4e0d1387216e216b3654a80172c066" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.267ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ae^{i(\omega t+\phi )}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>met reële <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48eff443f9de7a985bb94ca3bde20813ea737be8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega }"></span> en <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x03D5;<!-- ϕ --></mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72b1f30316670aee6270a28334bdf4f5072cdde4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.385ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi }"></span> die aan dezelfde voorwaarden voldoen als boven, door dezelfde waarden te kiezen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Het <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%ABle_deel" class="mw-redirect" title="Reële deel">reële deel</a> van de complexe functie is <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5bf044fe2fbfc4bd8d6d7230f4108430263f9fd6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.927ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(t)}"></span>. De complexe functie wordt wel de complexe versie van de sinusoïdale functie genoemd. </p><p>Dit wordt bijvoorbeeld toegepast in <a href="/wiki/Complexe_wisselstroomrekening" title="Complexe wisselstroomrekening">complexe wisselstroomrekening</a>. </p><p>De verhouding van de complexe spanning over een component tot de complexe stroomsterkte er doorheen heet de <a href="/wiki/Impedantie" title="Impedantie">impedantie</a> van de component. </p><p>Meer algemeen heet de verhouding van de complexe versie van de sinusoïdale output van een <a href="/wiki/Lineair_tijdinvariant_continu_systeem" title="Lineair tijdinvariant continu systeem">lineair tijdinvariant continu systeem</a> tot de complexe versie van de sinusoïdale input met dezelfde hoekfrequentie de <a href="/wiki/Frequentierespons" title="Frequentierespons">frequentierespons</a>. Deze is afhankelijk van het systeem en van de hoekfrequentie, maar niet van de tijd, en niet van de amplitude en fase van de input. De <i>amplituderespons</i> is de verhouding van de amplitude van de sinusoïdale output tot de amplitude van de sinusoïdale input. Deze is gelijk aan de <a href="/wiki/Absolute_waarde#Complexe_getallen" title="Absolute waarde">absolute waarde</a> van de frequentierespons. De <i>faserespons</i> is de fase van de output, verminderd met de fase van de input. Deze is gelijk aan het <a href="/wiki/Argument_(complex_getal)" title="Argument (complex getal)">argument</a> van de frequentierespons (waarbij veelvouden van <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2\pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&#x03C0;<!-- π --></mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2\pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/73efd1f6493490b058097060a572606d2c550a06" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.494ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2\pi }"></span> bij fasen en faseverschillen niet meetellen). </p><p>Bij een <a href="/wiki/Signaal_(algemeen)" title="Signaal (algemeen)">inputsignaal</a> dat meerdere (hoek)frequenties bevat is de output niet te beschrijven als een verandering van amplitude en fase, doordat de amplitude- en faserespons van de (hoek)frequentie afhangen. Het outputsignaal is daardoor anders van vorm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorbeeld_1">Voorbeeld 1</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinuso%C3%AFde&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeeld 1" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinuso%C3%AFde&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeeld 1"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Als </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y(t)+\tau \,y'(t)=x(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&#x03C4;<!-- τ --></mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mo>&#x2032;</mo> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y(t)+\tau \,y'(t)=x(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ae0d620614e043058f48d3664176a1512c5a9e2e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.805ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y(t)+\tau \,y&#039;(t)=x(t)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>en <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/397de1edef5bf2ee15c020f325d7d781a3aa7f50" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.804ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y(t)}"></span> is sinusoïdaal met complexe versie </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Ye^{i\omega t}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Y</mi> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Ye^{i\omega t}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/67b2b5f2b065b04931bbceabe7ca3e1ce54410da" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.273ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Ye^{i\omega t}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>dan is <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d54c275db3a1e620737b58e143b0818107fa5f5c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.979ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x(t)}"></span> de sinusoïde met complexe versie </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Xe^{i\omega t}=(1+i\omega \tau )Ye^{i\omega t}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mi>&#x03C4;<!-- τ --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>Y</mi> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Xe^{i\omega t}=(1+i\omega \tau )Ye^{i\omega t}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2dfff0a1ed5d69787bc463646ae6cfba1d991b7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.113ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Xe^{i\omega t}=(1+i\omega \tau )Ye^{i\omega t}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Er geldt dus </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X=(1+i\omega \tau )Y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mi>&#x03C4;<!-- τ --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>Y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X=(1+i\omega \tau )Y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c81c3679cda16e5d7d96cd8d185852b8a8847ac2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.114ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X=(1+i\omega \tau )Y}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Dit kan gebruikt worden om als <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d54c275db3a1e620737b58e143b0818107fa5f5c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.979ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x(t)}"></span> sinusoïdaal is, de sinusoïde <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/397de1edef5bf2ee15c020f325d7d781a3aa7f50" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.804ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y(t)}"></span> te vinden die een <a href="/wiki/Particuliere_oplossing" title="Particuliere oplossing">particuliere oplossing</a> is van de <a href="/wiki/Lineaire_differentiaalvergelijking" class="mw-redirect" title="Lineaire differentiaalvergelijking">lineaire differentiaalvergelijking</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorbeeld_2">Voorbeeld 2</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinuso%C3%AFde&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeeld 2" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinuso%C3%AFde&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeeld 2"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Als </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y''(t)+ay'(t)+y(t)=x(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mo>&#x2033;</mo> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mo>&#x2032;</mo> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y''(t)+ay'(t)+y(t)=x(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b00cdbb9512a30787c60b7fa994d6de417bf0355" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.233ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y&#039;&#039;(t)+ay&#039;(t)+y(t)=x(t)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>en <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/397de1edef5bf2ee15c020f325d7d781a3aa7f50" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.804ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y(t)}"></span> is sinusoïdaal met complexe versie </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Ye^{i\omega t}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Y</mi> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Ye^{i\omega t}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/67b2b5f2b065b04931bbceabe7ca3e1ce54410da" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.273ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Ye^{i\omega t}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>dan is <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d54c275db3a1e620737b58e143b0818107fa5f5c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.979ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x(t)}"></span> de sinusoïde met complexe versie </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Xe^{i\omega t}=(1+ai\omega -\omega ^{2})Ye^{i\omega t}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msup> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>Y</mi> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Xe^{i\omega t}=(1+ai\omega -\omega ^{2})Ye^{i\omega t}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8ca121e9a8ec28b3745dab1ab003521d522e329" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:28.481ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Xe^{i\omega t}=(1+ai\omega -\omega ^{2})Ye^{i\omega t}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Er geldt dus </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X=(1+ai\omega -\omega ^{2})Y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msup> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>Y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X=(1+ai\omega -\omega ^{2})Y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8069d434eac2cf1f1d02fe7b5513fa752d8e191d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.482ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X=(1+ai\omega -\omega ^{2})Y}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Dit kan gebruikt worden om als <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d54c275db3a1e620737b58e143b0818107fa5f5c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.979ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x(t)}"></span> sinusoïdaal is, de sinusoïde <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/397de1edef5bf2ee15c020f325d7d781a3aa7f50" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.804ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y(t)}"></span> te vinden die een particuliere oplossing is van de lineaire differentiaalvergelijking. </p><p>Voor <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/90d476e5e765a5d77bbcff32e4584579207ec7d8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.491ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a=0}"></span> en <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega =1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega =1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9c588d805646d25ccf238754cd7cc4ce16f412cd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.707ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega =1}"></span> geeft dit echter geen oplossing voor <i>Y</i>, omdat er in dit geval geen sinusoïdale oplossing is. Een particuliere oplossing van </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y''(t)+y(t)=cos(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mo>&#x2033;</mo> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y''(t)+y(t)=cos(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/025cd9ef28d690ef64cb98716350413ff5552f6c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.564ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y&#039;&#039;(t)+y(t)=cos(t)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>is </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y(t)={\tfrac {1}{2}}t\sin(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y(t)={\tfrac {1}{2}}t\sin(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c0f66ef385119777c88d0785232dc7602a1841ee" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:15.292ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y(t)={\tfrac {1}{2}}t\sin(t)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Dit correspondeert met <a href="/wiki/Resonantie_(natuurkunde)" title="Resonantie (natuurkunde)">resonantie</a> bij een ongedempte <a href="/wiki/Harmonische_oscillator" title="Harmonische oscillator">harmonische oscillator</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinuso%C3%AFde&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinuso%C3%AFde&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goniometrische_functie" title="Goniometrische functie">Goniometrische functie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_(elektrisch)" title="Sinus (elektrisch)">Sinus (elektrisch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_(natuurkunde)" title="Golf (natuurkunde)">Golf (natuurkunde)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faseverschuiving" title="Faseverschuiving">Faseverschuiving</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">De voorwaarde <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega &gt;0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega &gt;0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/61bb5b2363a337d19541f916e585eb209ca6e0ff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.707ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega &gt;0}"></span> is nodig omdat voor de combinaties <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a,\omega ,\phi )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>&#x03D5;<!-- ϕ --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a,\omega ,\phi )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7b75f5d32024fed6a7049da64f25aadea9f8f585" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.938ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a,\omega ,\phi )}"></span> en <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a,-\omega ,-\phi )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mo>,</mo> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mi>&#x03D5;<!-- ϕ --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a,-\omega ,-\phi )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/561eb226cc6079bfce1a9bc0cc2b1ccd6b367b49" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.554ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a,-\omega ,-\phi )}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5bf044fe2fbfc4bd8d6d7230f4108430263f9fd6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.927ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(t)}"></span> gelijk zou zijn, maar <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ae^{i(\omega t+\phi )}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&#x03D5;<!-- ϕ --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ae^{i(\omega t+\phi )}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/25388e1d5e4e0d1387216e216b3654a80172c066" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.267ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ae^{i(\omega t+\phi )}}"></span> verschillend.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐75c465f4c6‐gvzxj Cached time: 20241125101633 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.064 seconds Real time usage: 0.161 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 353/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1023/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 74/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2114/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.002/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 586336/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 24.644 1 -total 73.49% 18.110 1 Sjabloon:Appendix 64.07% 15.790 1 Sjabloon:References 13.29% 3.276 2 Sjabloon:Panorama --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nlwiki:pcache:86159:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241125101633 and revision id 58026292. 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